Terms With Meanings (botany).docx

ANTHER ATTACHMENT 1. Basifixed 2. Dorsifixed 3. Subbasifixed 4. Versatile ANTHER DEHISCENCE TYPE 1. Longitudinal 2. Poricidal 3. Transverse 4. Valvular GYNOECIAL FUSION 1. Apocarpus 2. Syncarpus 3. Unicarpellous OVARY POSITION 1. Superior 2. Inferior 3. Half-inferior PERIANTH/ ANDROECIAL POSITION 1. Hypogynous 2. Epigynous 3. Epihypogynous 4. Perigynous 5. Epiperigynous 6. Epihypoperigynous PLACENTATION

refers to the position or morphology of attachment of the filament to the anther anther attached at its base to apex of the filament anther attached dorsally and medially to the apex of the filament anther attached near its base to the apex of the filament anther attachment is one in which the anther freely pivots (“teeter-totters”) at the point of attachment with the filament physical mechanism of anther dehiscence (opening of the anther in releasing pollen grains) dehiscing along a suture parallel to the long axis of the thecae dehiscing by a pore at one end of the thecae dehiscing at right angles to the long axis of the theca dehiscing through a pore covered by a flap of tissue Gynoecium – refers to all female organs carpels are distinct carpels are connate; most common type in flowering plants composed of a single carpel (in which fusion is really inapplicable) assesses the position or placement of the ovary relative to the other floral parts with sepals, petals, and stamens, and/or hypanthium attached at the base of the ovary has sepals, petals, stamens, and/or hypanthium attached at the ovary apex used for sepals, petals, stamens and/or hypanthium attached near the middle of the ovary describes placement of the perianth and androecium relative both to the ovary and to a hypanthium, if present used for sepals, petals, and stamens attached at the base of a superior ovary refers to the sepals, petals, and stamens attached at the apex of an inferior ovary used for sepals, petals, and stamens attached at the middle of the ovary, the ovary being halfinferior denotes a hypanthium attached at the base of a superior ovary denotes a hypanthium attached at the apex of an inferior ovary used to describe a hypanthium attached at the middle of a half-inferior ovary refers to the positioning of the

1. Axile 2. Apical 3. Basal 4. Free-central 5. Laminar 6. Marginal 7. Parietal a. Parietal-axile b. Parietal-septate FRUIT 1. Simple (major fruit development) a. Fleshy i. Berry ii. Drupe iii. Hesperidium

iv. Pepo v. Pome

ovules and takes into account the number and position of placentae, septa, and locules with the placentae arising from the column in a compound ovary with septa placenta at the top of the ovary, ovules hanging down (also called pendulous) with a placenta at the base of the ovary with the placentae along the column in a compound ovary without septa with ovules arising from the surface of the septa with the placentae along the margin of a unicarpellate (simple) ovary with the placentae on the ovary walls or upon intruding partitions of a unilocular, compound ovary with the placentae at the junction of the septum and ovary wall of a two or more loculate ovary with placentae on the inner ovary walls but within septate locules mature ovaries or pistils of flowering plants plus any associated accessory parts derived from a single pistil of one flower general, unspecialized term for a fruit with a succulent pericarp a fruit with a hard, stony endocarp and a fleshy mesocarp septate fleshy fruit with a thick-skinned, leathery outer pericarp wall and fleshy modified trichomes (juice sacs) arising from the inner walls a nonseptate fleshy fruit with parietal placentation and a leathery exocarp derived from an inferior ovary a fleshy fruit with a cartilaginous endocarp derived from an inferior ovary, with the bulk of the fleshy tissue from the outer, adnate hypanthial tissue

b. Dry i. Dehiscent 

Capsule o Loculicidal o Septicidal o Circumscissile o Valvular o Poricidal

splitting open along definite pores, slits, or sutures generally dry (rarely fleshy), dehiscent fruits derived from compound (multicarpeled) ovaries have longitudinal lines of dehiscence radially aligned with the locules have longitudinal lines of dehiscence radially aligned with the ovary septa has a transverse line of dehiscence, typically forming a terminal lid or operculum (also called a pyxis or pyxide) one in which the valves break off from the septa (also called septifragal capsule) have dehiscence occurring by means of pores

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o Acrocidal o Basicidal Follicle

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Legume

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Loment Silicle/Silique

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Schizocarp

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Indehiscent Achene

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Grain/Caryopsis

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Nut

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Samara Utricle

ii.

2. Aggregate (major fruit development) a. b. c. d.

Achenecetum Drupecetum Folicetum Syncarp

3. Multiple (major fruit development) a. Bur b. Sorosis c. Syconium SEED ENDOSPERM TYPE 1. Albuminous/Endospermous 2. Exalbuminous/Nonendospermous 3. Cotylespermous

dehiscing by means of apical slits dehiscing by means of basal slits a dry, dehiscent fruit derived from one carpel that splits along one suture a dry, dehiscent fruit derived from one carpel that splits along two longitudinal sutures split transversely into one-seeded segments dry, dehiscent fruits derived from a twocarpeled ovary that dehisces along two sutures but that has an outer rim, the replum, and a persistent, thin partition, the false septum (silicle = broader; silique = longer) a dry, dehiscent fruit type derived from a two or more loculed compound ovary in which the locules separate at maturity not splitting open at maturity a one-seeded, dry, indehiscent fruit with seed attached to the pericarp at one point only, such as the unit fruits of sunflowers one-seeded, dry, indehiscent fruit with the seed coat adnate to pericarp wall; grains are the fruit type of all Poaceae (grasses) a oneseeded, dry indehiscent fruit with a hard pericarp, usually derived from a one-loculed ovary a winged, dry, usually indehiscent fruit a small, bladdery or inflated, one-seeded, dry fruit derived from multiple pistils of a single flower, thus having an apocarpous gynoecium an aggregate fruit of achenes an aggregate fruit of drupes an aggregate fruit of follicles an aggregate fruit, typically of berries, in which the unit fruits fuse together derived from many coalescent flowers a multiple fruit of achenes or grains surrounded by a prickly involucre a multiple fruit in which the unit fruits are fleshy berries and are laterally fused along a central axis a multiple fruit in which the unit fruits are small achenes covering the surface of a fleshy, inverted compound receptacle having endosperm as the food reserve in mature seeds very little to none is deposited in mature seeds (orchid seeds) the main food reserve is stored in the cotyledons (beans and peas)

SEED GERMINATION TYPE 1. Hypgeous/Cryptocotylar 2. Epigeous/Phanerocotylar

requires observation of young seedlings during germination and describes positioning of the cotyledons refers to a type in which the cotyledon(s) remain in the ground during germination has cotyledon(s) elevated above the ground during germination