Technological Institute Of The Philippines

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES 938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City A Research Work Presented to the Computer Engineering Department In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Computer Fundamentals and Programming (CS 200L2) “UBUNTU 9.10: OPERATING SYSTEM”

Submitted By:

Caspe, Christian Cerrero, Marjorie Conde, Jerry De Blas, Rahp Relly Gasmen, Joe Vincent Pampola, Edward

Submitted to: Engr. Richelle Anne Tupaz Instructor

Date Submitted: 11 December 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement CHAPTER I – Introduction Introductory Paragraphs Statement of the Problem Purpose Significance of the Study Object of the Study Research Questions and /or Hypotheses CHAPTER II – Background Related Literature Definition of Terms CHAPTER III – Methodology A. Methods of Research Used B. Source of Data C. Sampling Techniques Procedure and Timeframe Analysis Plan Validity and Reliability Assumptions Scope and Limitations CHAPTER IV – Results CHAPTER V – Conclusions and Recommendations Summary Discussion Recommendations THE PROCESS THE CREATORS REFERENCES APPENDIX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Our Group, the Exiles would like to acknowledge the people who guided, supported and help us in our research. We would like to express our gratitude to the following: To God that gave us the intelligence, initiative and strength in conducting and writing this research. To our parents, who financially supported us and allowed us to stay overnight. To Conde family, that gave us the permission to use their personal computer and allowing us stay overnight. To our instructor, Engr. Richelle Anne Tupaz, who gave us the chance to study about UBUNTU 9.10 and for extending the deadline of submission. And to the group members that gave their best effort and cooperation to finish this research.

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION An operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer and without the operating system, a computer would be useless. Operating System, commonly abbreviated OS is system software that communicates with computer hardware on the most basic level. Without an operating system, no software programs can run. The OS is what allocates memory, processes tasks, accesses disks and peripherals, and serves as the user interface. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. There are different types of operating system and the most commonly used is the Windows by Microsoft. Microsoft Windows dominate the computer market, as of October 2009, Windows had approximately 91% of the market share of the client operating systems. Although there are huge amount of Microsoft Windows users, there are other computer users that are not using Windows as their OS. The reason is that an original Microsoft Windows are quite expensive. Some companies that uses several computers or business that involves large numbers of computers used other types of operating system that is free and open source. The most popular open source software is the Linux. Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world. Developed under the GNU General Public License, the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone. Linux

Distribution developed a operating system and named after the South African ethical ideology, Ubuntu, meaning “humanity towards other”. Ubuntu is a free and open source operating system based on the Debian Linux Distribution. It was first release on October 20, 2004. Ubuntu provides an up-to-date, stable operating system for the average user, with a strong focus on usability and ease of installation. Ubuntu also focuses on security. As a security feature, the sudo tool is used to assign temporary privileges for performing administrative tasks, allowing the root account to remain locked, and preventing inexperienced users from inadvertently making catastrophic system changes or opening security holes. The Ubiquity installer allows Ubuntu to be installed to the hard disk from within the Live CD environment, without the need for restarting the computer prior to installation. Ubuntu comes installed with a wide range of software that includes OpenOffice, Firefox, Empathy, Transmission, GIMP, and several lightweight games such as Sudoku and chess. Ubuntu allows networking ports to be closed using its firewall, with customized port selection available. Ubuntu can also run many programs designed for Microsoft Windows, such as Microsoft Office through a Virtual Box.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM We, as computer engineering students are always seeking for technical innovations. These innovations will lead us to be more productive and effective engineers of the future. Thus, knowing and being familiar with different operating systems aside from windows operating systems is a must. There are free and reliable operating systems around and all we need to do is to test which one will suit our needs and wants. We chose

UBUNTU as our topic research; it is a free and flexible operating system. In this research we need to know its functions, advantages and disadvantages to other operating systems and to explore its features and interface.

PURPOSE Knowledge about different kinds of operating systems is a must especially for us Computer Engineering students. Different operating system aside from windows operating systems offers a broad sheet of features and innovations and the best thing is that it is and opens source software. Knowing all these will enhance our knowledge, skills and productivity as future engineers of our country. Our research also promotes UBUNTU as a reliable and easy-to-download operating system that is capable in meeting our needs and expectations. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This research will give broad information regarding UBUNTU 9.10 to our costudents, instructors and future researchers. This research will give background regarding UBUNTU’s environment and its advantages against other operating systems. This research will serve as an eye-opener to what things lies ahead. And for us computer engineering students, it is an opportunity to view and to try different kind of operating system. It will also strengthen our bond as a group and develop our initiative and communication skills.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 1. General Objective

 To promote the advantages of UBUNTU 9.10 operating system.  To inform others about the difference of UNBUNU to other operating systems in the market nowadays. 2. Specific Objectives

 To enumerate the new features of Ubuntu operating system.  To provide a step by step procedure of downloading, burning and installation of Ubuntu operating system.  To experience and explore the interface of Ubuntu operating system.

RESEARCH QUESTION / HYPOTHESES 1. Why do we need to study Ubuntu operating system? 2. Is Ubuntu operating system safe to use? 3. What are the differences between Ubuntu and other operating systems? 4. Is Ubuntu operating system easy to use like windows operating system? 5. What are the processes before Ubuntu operating system will run?

CHAPTER II RELATED LITERATURE Windows® Family In 1983 Microsoft announced its development of Windows, a graphical user interface (GUI) for its own operating system (MS-DOS) that had shipped for IBM PC and compatible computers since 1981. Microsoft modeled the GUI, which was first known as Interface Manager. The first independent version of Microsoft Windows, version 1.0, released on November 20, 1985, lacked a degree of functionality and achieved little popularity. Microsoft Windows scored a significant success with Windows 3.0, released in 1990. In addition to improved capabilities given to native applications, Windows also allowed users to better multitask older MS-DOS based software compared to Windows/386, thanks to the introduction of virtual memory. During the mid to late 1980s, Microsoft and IBM had cooperatively been developing OS/2 as a successor to DOS. OS/2 would take full advantage of the aforementioned Protected Mode of the Intel 80286 processor and up to 16MB of memory. OS/2 1.0, released in 1987, supported swapping and multitasking and allowed running of DOS executables. In response to the impending release of OS/2 2.0, Microsoft developed Windows 3.1, which included several minor improvements to Windows 3.0 but primarily consisted of bug fixes and multimedia support. In February 1989, Microsoft develops Windows NT, which means new technology. It was originally designed

to

be

a

powerful

high-level-language-based,

processor-independent,

multiprocessing, multiuser operating system with features comparable to UNIX. On August 24, 1995, Windows 95, a graphical user interface-based operating system was

released. On 25 June 1998, Microsoft released Windows 98. It included new hardware drivers and better support for the FAT32 file system which allows support for disk partitions larger than the 2 GB maximum accepted by Windows 95. Microsoft released Windows 2000, known during its development cycle as Windows NT 5.0, in February 2000. It was successfully deployed both on the server and the workstation markets. In September 2000, Microsoft introduced Windows Me (Millennium Edition), which upgraded Windows 98 with enhanced multimedia and Internet features.

In 2001,

Microsoft released Windows XP. The merging of the Windows NT/2000 and Windows 95/98/Me lines was finally achieved with Windows XP. Windows XP uses the Windows NT 5.1 kernel, marking the entrance of the Windows NT core to the consumer market, to replace the aging 16/32-bit branch. Windows Vista was released on November 30, 2006 to business customers, with consumer versions following on January 30, 2007. Windows Vista intended to have enhanced security by introducing a new restricted user mode called User Account Control, replacing the "administrator-by-default" philosophy of Windows XP. One major difference between Vista and earlier versions of Windows, Windows 95 and later, is that the original start button was replaced with just the Windows icon. Windows 7 is the current major release after Windows Vista and was planned for a three-year development timeframe. THE OPEN-SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM Open source software (OSS) is computer software for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that meets the Open Source Definition or that is in the public domain. This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified

forms. It is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open source software is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to usergenerated content. The term open source software originated as part of a marketing campaign for free software. A report by Standish Group states that adoption of open source software models has resulted in savings of about $60 billion per year to consumers OpenSUSE OpenSUSE project is a community program sponsored by Novell. Promoting the use of Linux everywhere, this program provides free, easy access to openSUSE, a complete Linux distribution. The openSUSE project has three main goals: make openSUSE the easiest Linux for anyone to obtain and the most widely used Linux distribution; leverage open source collaboration to make openSUSE the world's most usable Linux distribution and desktop environment for new and experienced Linux users; dramatically simplify and open the development and packaging processes to make openSUSE the platform of choice for Linux developers and software vendors. It is the equivalent of the historic "SuSE Linux Professional". After their acquisition of SUSE Linux, Novell has decided to make the community an important part of their development process. Beyond the distribution, the openSUSE Project provides a web portal for community involvement. The community assists in developing openSUSE collaboratively with representatives from Novell by contributing code through the openSUSE Build Service, writing documentation, designing artwork, fostering discussion on open mailing lists and in Internet Relay Chat channels, and improving the openSUSE site through its wiki interface. Novell markets openSUSE as the best, easiest distribution for all users.

Fedora Fedora is a Linux-based operating system created back in 2003 as a community distribution called the Fedora Project. It was released along with Red Hat Enterprise Linux, which was to be the next official Linux distribution after Red Hat Linux was discontinued. Its main purpose was to serve as a source of software innovations for the Hat Enterprise Linux releases. This connection between the two Linux distributions explains the origin of the Fedora name – 'fedora' refers to the characteristic fedora hat used in Red Hat's "Shadowman" logo. The Fedora Project's mission is to lead the advancement of free and open source software and content as a collaborative community.. One of Fedora's main objectives is not only to contain software distributed under a free and open source license, but also to be on the leading edge of such technologies. Fedora developers prefer to make upstream changes instead of applying fixes specifically for Fedora—this ensures that their updates are available to all Linux distributions. Fedora has a comparatively short life cycle: version X is maintained until one month after version X+2 is released. With 6 months between releases, the maintenance period is about 13 months for each version. Linus Torvalds, author of the Linux kernel, says he uses Fedora because it had fairly good support for PowerPC when he used that processor architecture. He became accustomed to the operating system and continues to use it. According to Distrowatch, Fedora is the second most popular Linux-based operating system as of mid 2009, behind Ubuntu.

Debian Debian Project is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system. This operating system is called Debian GNU/Linux, or simply Debian for short. Debian systems currently use the Linux kernel. Linux is a completely free piece of software started by Linus Torvalds and supported by thousands of programmers worldwide. Of course, the thing that people want is application software: programs to help them get what they want to do done, from editing documents to running a business to playing games to writing more software. Debian comes with over 20,000 packages (precompiled software that is bundled up in a nice format for easy installation on your machine) - all of it free. It's a bit like a tower. At the base is the kernel. On top of that are all the basic tools. Next is all the software that you run on the computer. At the top of the tower is Debian -- carefully organizing and fitting everything so it all works together. It is distributed with access to repositories containing thousands of software packages ready for installation and use. Debian is known for strict adherence to the Unix and free software philosophies as well as using collaborative software development and testing processes. Debian can be used as a desktop as well as server operating system. Solaris Solaris is a UNIX-based operating system introduced by Sun Microsystems in 1992 as the successor to SunOS. Early versions, based on BSD UNIX, were called SunOS. The shift to a System V code base in SunOS 5 was marked by changing the name to Solaris 2. Earlier versions were retroactively named Solaris 1.x. After version 2.6, Sun dropped the "2." from the name. Solaris consists of the SunOS UNIX base operating system plus a graphical user environment. Solaris is written in a platform-independent manner and is

available for SPARC and x86 processors (including x86_64). Historically, Solaris used to be a proprietary operating system, however, starting from version 10, its licence has changed and the product is now distributed free of charge for any system or purpose, while its source code is available from OpenSolaris.org under a license approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI). Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating many innovative features such as DTrace and ZFS. Solaris supports SPARC-based and x86-based workstations and servers from Sun and other vendors, with efforts underway to port to additional platforms. Solaris is certified against the Single Unix Specification. Although it was historically developed as proprietary software, it is supported on systems manufactured by all major server vendors, and the majority of its codebase is now open source software via the OpenSolaris project. COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEMS (OS) COMPARISON Table A Operating System

Distribution

Preferred license

Target System type

Solaris Fedora

Free Free

OpenSUSE

Free

CDDL Server, Workstation GNU, General Desktop, server Public License & other free software licenses GNU, General Desktop, server Public License & other free software licenses

Debian

Free

GNU, General Desktop, server Public License & other free software licenses Shared source Desktop,Workstation, Embedded. Media center

Windows XP

Per license charge

Windows Vista

Per license charge

MS-EULA

Windows 7

Per license charge

Closed source, Tablet PC, media center, Shared source netbooks,Desktop, Workstation, Multitouch

Ubuntu 9.10

Free

Mainly the GNU Desktop, server GPL / plus various other licenses

Operating System

Author

Solaris Fedora OpenSUSE

Sun Red Hat Novell

First public Predecessor release Jul-92 SunOS 16-Nov-03 Red Hat Linux 9 Mar-94 SUSE Linux Professional

Debian Windows XP

Ian Murdock Microsoft

16-Aug-93 25-Oct-01

N/A Windows 2000, Windows Me

Windows Vista Windows 7

Microsoft Microsoft

8-Nov-06 22-Oct-09

Windows XP Windos Vista

Ubuntu 9.10

Canonical Ltd.

20-Oct-04

Ubuntu

Desktop, Workstation

Table B

DEFINITION OF TERMS Wubi is an officially supported Ubuntu installer for Windows users that can bring you to the Linux world with a single click. Wubi allows you to install and uninstall Ubuntu as any other Windows application, in a simple and safe way.

Open source describes practices in production and development that promote access to the end product's source materials—typically, their source code. The open source model can allow for the concurrent use of different agendas and approaches in production, in contrast with more centralized models of development such as those typically used in commercial software companies. Pidgin is a multi-platform instant messaging client, based on a library named libpurple. Libpurple has support for many commonly used instant messaging protocols, allowing the user to log into various different services from one application. Wine is a free software application that aims to allow Unix-like computer operating systems to execute programs written for Microsoft Windows. Wine also provides a software library known as Winelib against which developers can compile Windows applications to help port them to Unix-like systems. UNetbootin utilities or installs Linux/BSD to a partition or USB drive without a CD. It can use an existing disk image/kernel/initrd file, or download a supported distro or system utility. LIVE CD is a CD containing a bootable computer operating system. Live CDs are unique in that they have the ability to run a complete, modern operating system on a computer lacking mutable secondary storage, such as a hard disk drive. Live CDs are designed to "demo" or "test drive" a particular operating system usually Linux or another free or open source operating system.

CHAPTER III A. METHODS OF RESEARCH The method of research used is internet exploration. We rummage around the net to find valuable pieces of information regarding Ubuntu operating system. We also investigate the interface of Ubuntu to know its advantages and disadvantages when compared to other operating systems. We also scan various research paper regarding operating systems in our college department. And finally we undergo the installation process to enable us to enumerate possible errors in setting up the Ubuntu.

B. SOURCES OF DATA The data we used came from the internet and the bootable disc. The internet becomes our basis for some of our results due to its updated environment. And the bootable disc is the source of the Ubuntu operating system which was installed in our test computer.

C. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES We provided a DVD+R bootable disc as our sample. We downloaded its contents – Ubuntu 9.10 through the use of internet.

ANALYSIS We may be familiar with Windows Operating Systems which dominated most of the market, but there are also open-source operating systems which are stable and reliable enough to support our needs, one of these operating systems is Ubuntu. At first, things were vague as a mist because it was our first time conduct a research regarding other operating system aside from windows operating systems. But due to our collaborative effort in researching it was understood little by little. This research was a big opportunity in discovering new operating systems especially Ubuntu. This paper work distributed a lot, from our intellectual understanding regarding operating systems to experiencing Ubuntu’s environment. This work also contributed enjoyment to every members of our group. VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY The downloading process was quite fast due to its small size and fast internet connection. We didn’t have any problems encountered during the installation process. The burning process was in slower speed to ensure that it’s error free. And were right, when the operating system was installed we haven’t experienced any error. ASSUMPTIONS

There aren’t a lot to expect for this research because it was our first time to encounter Ubuntu operating systems. But one thing is for sure, a lot of research, patience, effort, and collaborative work will make everything seamlessly. This research will impart

knowledge to us computer engineering students that will truly help us in our future works. SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS 1. Scope  The availability of Ubuntu is easy; it is free to download via internet.  Applications are readily available. 2. Limitations  Windows based applications cannot and will not work with Ubuntu.  Drivers installed in windows in not the same with Ubuntu. PROCEDURE AND TIME FRAME Procedure No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Procedure Searching the Net Analyzing Gathered Data Downloading Ubuntu 9.10 Burning Ubuntu 9.10 Intstallation of Ubuntu 9.10 Partition of Chapters Revising and Editing Printing Book Binding Deadline of Submission

1

2

3

4

5

DAY 6 7

8

9

10

11

RESULTS Before we arrived with the output, which is the environment of Linux Ubuntu, we experienced downloading it for 2-3 hours. The Linux based systems was not that easy if one does not know how to do it right. Also not all applications are compatible to the Linux. We figured out that the visual effects of the Linux are much better than the Windows Operating System. The burning and installation process was easy because in burning, the file is already in the ISO image format that can be burn directly to any ISO burner, and on installation, it has a wizard which is like in all windows operating systems that will guide the user to the installation process. We conducted different researches to know more about the environment and the installation process of Ubuntu. We found out different improvements in its environment upon its different releases. The operating system we downloaded is the latest release this year (2009). After all the hard works we were able to download it correctly. We also have burned it successfully without any delay. After those processes we installed and configured Ubuntu operating system using Virtual Box. Finally, the awaited moment which was to see the Linux Ubuntu environment after all the installation done was successful.

CHAPTER V

A. SUMMARY

Innovation and new-fangled stuffs were just an exploration ahead. There were times were we don’t know that there were alternatives to what we knew to be general. Like Ubuntu, a free operating system which packages with new and fantastic specifications that meets our needs and expectations. Feature-wise it is, indeed, it was full-packed operating system. Deviating from what we were used to is fun and confusing at times. A new environment will enhance our skills to be flexible with different operating system aside from Windows operating systems. All we needed to do is to have the right resources and knowledge. And above all, group alliance gave a better result.

B. CONCLUSION

We therefore conclude that Ubuntu is an alternative operating system versus expensive ones such as Windows operating systems. Ubuntu is fast and straightforward operating system which is reliable enough to meet our needs. Ubuntu is an opening to lets us experience different kind of operating system aside from the renowned Windows operating systems.

C. RECOMMENDATION

Our generation focuses on innovations regarding technology and machinery. Enable for us to adhere with this trends, we need to know more about different types of operating system and divert from what we have been used to. Ubuntu is a nice package of operating system which shows us what lies within other operating systems. We highly recommend students especially computer engineering and information and technology to try Ubuntu 9.10 and experience the world of Karmic Koala.

CHAPTER V

D. SUMMARY

Innovation and new-fangled stuffs were just an exploration ahead. There were times were we don’t know that there were alternatives to what we knew to be general. Like Ubuntu, a free operating system which packages with new and fantastic specifications that meets our needs and expectations. Feature-wise it is, indeed, it was full-packed operating system. Deviating from what we were used to is fun and confusing at times. A new environment will enhance our skills to be flexible with different operating system aside from Windows operating systems. All we needed to do is to have the right resources and knowledge. And above all, group alliance gave a better result.

E. CONCLUSION

We therefore conclude that Ubuntu is an alternative operating system versus expensive ones such as Windows operating systems. Ubuntu is fast and straightforward operating system which is reliable enough to meet our needs. Ubuntu is an opening to lets us experience different kind of operating system aside from the renowned Windows operating systems.

F. RECOMMENDATION

Our generation focuses on innovations regarding technology and machinery. Enable for us to adhere with this trends, we need to know more about different types of operating system and divert from what we have been used to. Ubuntu is a nice package of operating system which shows us what lies within other operating systems. We highly recommend students especially computer engineering and information and technology to try Ubuntu 9.10 and experience the world of Karmic Koala.

THE PROCESS

Ubuntu 9.10, also known as the Karmic Koala, arrived exactly on October 29, 2009 and is the eleventh release of Ubuntu OS. Requirements: You will need the Ubuntu 9.10 Desktop ISO image that corresponds to your hardware architecture (i386 or amd64), and which can be downloaded from http://www.ubuntu.com/GetUbuntu/download .

When the download is over, burn the ISO image with your favorite CD/DVD burning application (Nero, CDBurnerXP, Roxio, ISO Burner) on a blank CD or DVD at 8x or lower speed.

Reinsert or leave the CD in your CD/DVD-ROM device and reboot the computer in order to boot from the CD. Hit the F8, F11 or F12 key (depending on your BIOS) to select the CD/DVD-ROM as the boot device. Select your language when asked...

Select the second option "Install Ubuntu," and hit the "Enter" key...

Wait for the CD to load into RAM...

You will see the wallpaper for a few seconds. When the installer appears, you will be able to select your native language for the entire installation process. Click the "Forward" button to continue...

Where are you? The second screen will feature a map of the Earth. Upon the selection of your current location, the time for the final system will adjust accordingly. You can also select your current location from the drop down list situated at the bottom of the window. Click the "Forward" button after you have selected your desired location...

Test your keyboard On the third screen, you will be able to choose a desired keyboard layout. But the default automatic selection should work for most of you. Click the "Forward" button when you have finished with the keyboard configuration...

Hard disk partitioning If you have another operating system (e.g. Windows XP) and you want a dual boot system, select the first option: "Install them side by side, choosing between them at each startup."

Who are you?

On this screen, you must do exactly what the title says. Fill in the fields with your real name, the name you want to use to log in on your Ubuntu OS (also known as the "username," which will be required to log in to the system), the password and the name of

the

computer

(automatically

generated,

but

can

be

overwritten).

Also at this step, there's an option called "Log in automatically." If you check the box on this option, you will automatically be logged in to the Ubuntu desktop. Click the "Forward" button to continue...

Are you really ready for Ubuntu?

This is the final step of the installation. Here, you can select to install the boot loader on another partition or hard drive than the default one, but it is only recommended for advanced users. If someone is installing to a USB memory stick, as if it was a USB hard drive, then they should know that the installer will mess with their computer's hard disk drive MBR (thanks to Donald for the info on this one!). Therefore, click the "Advanced" button and select the correct drive (the USB stick in

this

case)...

Click the "Install" button to start the installation process. The Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala) operating system will be installed...

After approximately 10 to 18 minutes (depending on your computer's specs), a pop-up window will appear, notifying you that the installation is complete, and you'll need to restart the computer in order to use the newly installed Ubuntu operating system. Click the "Restart Now" button...

The CD will be ejected; remove it and press the "Enter" key to reboot. The computer will be restarted and, in a few seconds, you will see the Ubuntu boot splash and Xsplash...

You are now ready to use Linux Ubuntu 9.10…

THE CREATORS The EXILES…...

REFERENCES

 http://www.techterms.com/definition/operatingsystem  http://www.webopedia.com/term/o/operating_system.html  http://www.linux.org/  http://www.ubuntu.com/  http://members.fortunecity.com/pcmuseum/windows.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Microsoft_Windows  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_%28operating_system%29

APPENDIX