Tax 1 Plant Taxonomy

Fayoum university Faculty of science Botany department

PLANT TAXONOMY For 2nd year students

Prepared by: Asmaa Khamiss Hesham Elfayoumi

Revised by: Dr.

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

INTRODUCTION Plant taxonomy is the science which deals with identification , nomen-clature and classification of the plants on the basis of their similarities and (.differences (phylogenetic relationships This science concerns with the flowering plants (Angiosperms( which are the dominant class of .the vascular plants on the earth

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

:Characters of the flowering plants .They have true flower -1 .In the female flowers: ovules enclosed in the ovary -2 After pollination and fertilization the ovules develop -3 into seeds and the ovary wall develops to form the .fruit seeds include the embryo which consists of: -4 embryonic organs, plumule,radicle (.and1or2cotyledon(s

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

The flower It is a modified shoot acting as a reproductive .organ The elongated axis (internode( of a vegetative shoot is reduced into horizontal or cup- shaped disc known as: receptacle (thalamus( on which the floral leaves are .inserted

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

:Different parts of the flower The flower arises on axile of leaf called bract- 1

which may be Green

coloured

Reduced

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Green bract

Colored bract

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Reduced bract

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

.Green bract

most of the plants

Coloured bract

Bouganvillea

(Scaly(reduced bract Umbelliferae Sometimes bracts grouped together and form astructure known as . involucre Compositae

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Pedicel -2 .It is the stalk of the flower Flower may be

:Pedicellate: With pedicel

Sessile Without pedicel

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

:Dissection of the flower Flower may be

Complete:

Incomplete:

All the floral parts (.are present.

One or more missing part (s

Complete flower consists of Non-essential parts

Essential parts

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Non-essential (subsidary( floral parts -3 Perianth May be

Differentiated into Calyx .Outer whorl. .Green in color. Consists of sepals which may be free .or united.

Corolla *Inner whorl* *Colored* *Consists of* petals which may be free or united

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Calyx Free sepals (Polysepalous(

United sepals (Gamosepalous(

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Corolla Free petals (Polypetalous(

United petals (Gamopetalous(

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

There is a floral part called epicalyx, which may confuse with the calyx, epicalyx present in family Malvaceae; It .arises at the base of the calyx

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

:Types of polypetalous corolla :Rosaceous* e.g.: Rosaceae

:Cruciform* e.g.: Cruciferae

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

:Papilionaceous* e.g.: Paoilionaceae

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

.Caesalpinaceous: With marked petal* e.g.: Caesalpinaceae

:Caryophyllaceous* e.g.: Caryophyllaceae

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Caryophyllaceous corolla

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

:Types of gamopetalous corolla Urceolate: Urn-shaped (pitcher-like( corolla* e.g.: Ericaceae

Rotate: Wheel-shaped corolla* e.g.: Solanum

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

:Funnel* e.g.: Convolvulaceae

.Salver: Star-shaped corolla* e.g.: Vinca rosea

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Contorted corolla

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

.Campinulate: Bell-shaped corolla* e.g.: Campinulaceae

Tubular: The upper part of corolla is star in shape, the lower* .part is tubular .e.g.: Tubuliflorae disc floret

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Tubular corolla

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

.Ligulate: Ligule-shaped corolla* .e.g.: Liguliflorae ray floret

Bilabiate: Corolla of tow lips,the upper one of 2 united petals* and the lower part of 3 united petals.

e.g.: Labiatae

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Non-differentiated into calyx & corolla It may be known as Perianth

Tepals

. In dicots. .It inturn may be.

*In monocots* *It inturn may be

Sepaloid Petaloid .:With green With colored units. units. e.g.: Chenoe.g.: Nyctagi Podiaceae naceae

Reduced e.g.: Graminae

* Petaloid e.g Iridaceae

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Sepaloid perianth

Petaloid perianth

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Reduced tepals

Petaloid tepals

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

According to the arrangement of the perianth units in different :number of whorls , perianth may be .Di-merous: 2 units in each whorl* e.g.: Papaver

.Tri-merous: 3 units in each whorl* e.g.: most of monocots

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

.Tetra-merous: 4 units in each whorl* e.g.: Cruciferae

.Penta-merous: 5 units in each whorl* .e.g.: most of dicots

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi