Tanwin With Fathatain

Tanwin with Fathatain Tanwin is an additional Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬that is pronounced but not written at the end of certain words (nouns and adjectives). Although Tanwin with [ ً ] is written with an Alif, the preceding letter is pronounced as if there were a Fathah and Nun [ ‫] ن‬. The vowel of the Fathah is held for only one count (Harakah). For example, [ ‫ ] ًبا‬is pronounced as [ban]. The Nun of Tanwin is pronounced only if there is no pause (Waqf) at the end of the word. If there is a pause (Waqf), the Nun is not pronounced and the Alif is pronounced as usual, i.e. for two counts (Harakah). When a noun ends with [ ‫ ] ى‬Maqsurah (with no dots underneath), no [ ‫ ] ا‬is needed, as in [ ‫دى‬ ً ‫] ه‬. Tanwin with Kasratain Remember: Tanwin is an additional Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬that is pronounced but not written at the end of certain words (nouns and adjectives). The Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬of Tanwin is pronounced only if there is no pause at the end of the word. For example, [ ‫ت‬ ٍ ] is pronounced as [tin]. Notice that no [ ‫ ] ا‬is added to the form of nouns when they have Tanwin with [ ٍ ]. With the Tanwin with [ ٍ ], try to pronounce the examples yourself. Tanwin with Dammatain Notice that no [ ‫ ] ا‬is to be added to the form of nouns when they have Tanwin with Dammatain.

For example, [ ‫ ] ت‬with Dammatain is pronounced as [tun]. Sakin Ya" When a letter has the diacritical mark Sukun over it, it is pronounced with no following vowel. For example, [ ‫من‬ ِ ] with Sukun over Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬is pronounced "min", while [ ‫ن‬ ِ ] with َ ‫م‬ Fathah over Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬is pronounced "mina". [ ‫ ] ي‬preceded by a letter having a Kasrah [ ِ ] is lengthened as in [ ‫ن‬ َ ‫] ِبي‬ [bina]. In this case, [ ‫ ] ي‬is written without any diacritical marks. On the other hand, when the letter [ ‫ ] ي‬has a Sukun over it and the preceding letter has a Fathah [ َ ], the vowel is pronounced as two vowels run together as in the English word "buy". Sakin Waw When a letter has the diacritical mark Sukun over it, it is pronounced with no following vowel. For example, [ ‫من‬ ِ ] with Sukun over Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬is pronounced "min", while [ ‫ن‬ ِ ] with َ ‫م‬ Fathah over Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬is pronounced "mina". If the letter before the Waw [ ‫ ] و‬has a Fathah and the Waw [ ‫ ] و‬has a Sukun, the vowel is pronounced like two vowels together as in the English word "cow". However, [ ‫ ] و‬preceded by a letter with Dammah is lengthened as in ‫ب‬ َ ‫ُتو‬ [tuba]. In this case, [ ‫ ] و‬is written without Sukun. Sakin Mim When a letter has the diacritical mark Sukun over it, it is pronounced with no following vowel. For example,

[ ‫من‬ ِ ] with Sukun over Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬is pronounced "min", while [ ‫ن‬ ِ ] with َ ‫م‬ Fathah over Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬is pronounced "mina". Remember: Mim [ ‫ ] م‬is produced from the lips. Unlike [ ‫ ] ب‬and [ ‫] و‬, the air released with Mim [ ‫ ] م‬goes out through the nose. Pronounce Sakin Mim [ ‫ ] م‬in the same way you pronounce the letter [m] in the word "come". The pronunciation of Sakin Mim [ ‫ ] م‬will be sharp and clear except when it is followed by the letters Ba" [ ‫ ] ب‬or Mim [ ‫] م‬. Sakin Nun When a letter has the diacritical mark Sukun over it, it is pronounced with no following vowel. For example, [ ‫من‬ ِ ] with Sukun over Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬is pronounced "min", while [ ‫ن‬ ِ ] with َ ‫م‬ Fathah over Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬is pronounced "mina". When a Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬has a printed Sukun (in the `Uthmanic calligraphy of the Qur"an copies), it will be pronounced sharp and clear. The Sakin Nun [ ‫ ] ن‬is pronounced sharp and clear when followed by one of the letters [ ‫ خ‬- ‫ غ‬- ‫ ح‬- ‫ ع‬- ‫ هـ‬- ‫] ء‬. Tanwin is also pronounced sharp and clear when followed by one of the letters [ ‫ غ – خ‬- ‫ ح‬- ‫ ع‬- ‫ هـ‬- ‫ء‬ Qalqalah [Vibration] Letters Qalqalah technically refers to the vibration made upon the pronunciation of some letters with Sukun. The Qalqalah letters are [ ‫ ق‬- ‫ ط‬- ‫ د‬- ‫ ج‬- ‫] ب‬.

Notice that for these letters to have Qalqalah, they should be marked with Sukun. Now listen to the five letters when having Qalqalah. Mahmusah [Whispering] Letters Mahmusah letters are pronounced with a continuous exhalation of air. Mahmusah letters are voiced softly and low. These letters compose the group [ ‫ ت‬- ‫ ك‬- ‫ س‬- ‫ ف‬- ‫ ص‬- ‫ خ‬- ‫ ش‬- ‫ هـ‬- ‫ ث‬- ‫ح‬ ]. Musta`liah [Elevation] Letters Musta`liah letters are pronounced thickly and with an elevated sound as the tongue contracts and rises toward the roof of the mouth. These letters are [ ‫ ظ‬- ‫ ق‬- ‫ ط‬- ‫ غ‬- ‫ ض‬- ‫ ص‬- ‫] خ‬. Sakin Letters with Similar Pronunciations Remember: Letters with similar pronunciation share a common point of articulation. For information on the letters with similar pronunciation, see the related chapter in Lesson One. Hamzah Wasl [ ‫ ] ا‬is designated as a Hamzah Wasl [Conjunctive Hamzah] when it occurs between one of the three short vowels [ ‫ ] ـَــ‬and a Sukun. Hamzah Wasl at the beginning of a word is not pronounced if there is no pause before the word (i.e. when there is continuous reading).

Hamzah Wasl is not pronounced when preceded by a particle such as [ ‫] و‬ in [ ‫] والفجر‬. Waqf with Sukun To pause at the end of any word while reciting, you must replace the vowel mark on the last letter with a Sukun. This principle is applicable regardless of the vowel mark on the last letter except when it is a Tanwin [ ً ]. Waqf with [ ‫] ا‬ Tanwin is an additional Nun that is pronounced but not written at the end of certain words (nouns and adjectives) when there is no pause after the word. To pause at a word ending with a Tanwin [ ً ], you must replace [ ً ] with the long vowel [ ‫] ا‬. Waqf with [ ‫] ـه‬ To pause at a word ending with Ta" Marbutah [ ‫] ـة‬, regardless of its vowel mark, you must replace [ ‫ ] ـة‬with Sakin [ ‫] ـه‬. Madd [Prolongation] Madd [Prolongation] means an extension of the duration of vowels. The Madd Letters are: [ ‫ ] ا‬whatever the diacritical mark of the preceding consonant, [ ‫ ] و‬with the preceding consonant having [ ُ ] and [ ‫ ] ي‬with the preceding consonant having [ ِ ]. These letters are pronounced with Madd when they precede a Hamzah in the same word [Connected Madd], or in the next word [Detached Madd].

The duration of Madd is five counts [Harakah]. In detached Madd the duration may be only two counts [Harakah]. Mushaddad [ ‫ن‬ ّ ] and [ ‫م‬ ّ ] Remember: A Mushaddad [doubled] letter is pronounced like two letters, the first of which is Sakin [vowelless] and the second is Mutaharrik [vowelized]. For example, the sound of [k] in the English phrase "truck key". A Mushaddad [ ‫م‬ ّ ] in the middle of a word should be pronounced ّ ] or [ ‫ن‬ with a Ghunnah [nasal twang]. The duration of a Ghunnah is two counts [Harakah]. Listen carefully to the Ghunnah accompanying the pronunciation of Mushaddad [ ‫م‬ ّ ] in the middle of words ّ ] and [ ‫ن‬ [‫ ن‬- ‫ ]م‬Following [ ‫ ] ن‬and Tanwin Both [ ‫ ] م‬or [ ‫ ] ن‬become Mushaddad when they are preceded by a word ending with a Sakin [ ‫ ] ن‬or Tanwin. [ ‫ ] م‬also becomes Mushaddad when preceded by a word ending with a Sakin [ ‫] م‬. This rule does not apply to initial [ ‫] ن‬. In these cases, the pronunciation of final Sakin [ ‫ ] م‬,[ ‫ ] ن‬or Tanwin would be assimilated into the initial [ ‫ ] ن‬and [ ‫ ] م‬of the following word. Notice that initial Mushaddad [ ‫م‬ ّ ] are pronounced with Ghunnah. ّ ] and [ ‫ن‬ Shamsiah [‫]ل‬ The letter [ ‫ ] ل‬in the definite article [ ‫ ] ال‬is designated as Shamsiah when followed by one of the following letters: [ - ‫ ص‬- ‫ ش‬- ‫ س‬- ‫ ز‬- ‫ ر‬- ‫ ذ‬- ‫ د‬- ‫ ث‬- ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬-‫م‬-‫ل‬-‫ظ‬-‫ط‬-‫]ض‬ The [ ‫ ] ل‬should not be pronounced, but instead the following letter should

be pronounced Mushaddad (doubled). This rule applies regardless of the Harakah [vowel mark] these letters have.

When letters other than the previous group come after [ ‫] ال‬, they will not be Mushaddad and the letter [ ‫ ] ل‬in the article [ ‫ ] ال‬will be pronounced clearly. [ ‫ ] ب‬Following Sakin [ ‫] م‬ If a Sakin [ ‫ ] م‬is followed by the letter [ ‫ ] ب‬in the following word, the pronunciation of [ ‫ ] م‬is suppressed with Ghunnah and the sound moves ýtoward [ ‫ ] ب‬. This case is identified as Ikhfa" Shafawi [Labial Suppressed Pronunciation], because both [ ‫ ] ب‬and [ ‫ ] م‬are produced from theý lips. Lam Al-Jalalah ّ ] in the divine name [ ‫ ] الله‬is called Lam Al-Jalalah. The Mushaddad [ ‫ل‬ When Lam Al-Jalalah is preceded by a letter with a Fathah or a Dammah, [ ّ ] should be pronounced Mufakham [heavy]. ‫ل‬ More of the tongue touches the roof of the mouth, and the Fathah on the Lam sounds closer to the [o] in "log". ّ ] is If there is a Kasrah on the letter preceding Lam Al-Jalalah, [ ‫ل‬ pronounced Muraqqaq [softly]. Less of the tongue touches the roof of the mouth, and the Fathah on the Lam sounds closer to the [a] in "bat". This principle applies whether the preceding letter is a suffix or a word-final of a preceding word. [ ‫ ] ر‬Following [ ‫ ] ن‬and Tanwin

When [ ‫ ] ر‬comes after a Sakin [ ‫ ] ن‬or Tanwin, it will be Mushaddad. In this case, neither the [ ‫ ] ن‬nor Tanwin is pronounced and the [ ‫ ] ر‬will be Mushaddad. Remember: A Mushaddad letter represents double letters, the first of which is Sakin [vowelless] and the second is Mutaharrik [vowelized]. [ ‫ ] ل‬Following [ ‫ ] ن‬and Tanwin When a Sakin [ ‫ ] ن‬or Tanwin precedes the letter [ ‫] ل‬, neither the [ ‫ ] ن‬nor Tanwin is pronounced. Notice that [ ‫] ل‬, in this case, will be Mushaddad. Mushaddad Letter Following Madd Letter Remember: Madd means an extension of the duration of a Madd letter. The Madd letters are [ ‫ ] ا‬regardless of the diacritical mark of the preceding consonant, [ ‫ ] و‬with the preceding consonant having [ ُ ] and [ ‫ ] ي‬with the preceding consonant having [ ِ ]. When a Mushaddad letter follows one of the Madd letters, the Madd letter"s duration should be held to six counts (Harakah). Idgham [Assimilation] If a Sakin [ ‫ ] ن‬or Tanwin precedes [ ‫ ] و‬or [ ‫] ي‬, the [ ‫ ] ن‬and Tanwin will be assimilated into the following [ ‫ ] و‬or [ ‫] ي‬. Notice that [ ‫ ] و‬and [ ‫ ] ي‬will be doubled and uttered with a Ghunnah [nasal twang]. As explained in previous lesson, if a Sakin [ ‫ ] ن‬or Tanwin precedes a [ ‫] ن‬ or [ ‫] م‬, the [ ‫ ] ن‬and Tanwin will be assimilated into the following [ ‫ ] ن‬or [ ‫م‬ ]

Though [ ‫ ] و‬and [ ‫ ] ي‬are pronounced with Tashdid [Doubling], no Shaddah sign [ ّ ] is written over them in the `Uthmanic calligraphy of the Qur"an. Iqlab [Alteration] If a Sakin [ ‫ ] ن‬or Tanwin comes before [ ‫] ب‬, the Sakin [ ‫ ] ن‬or Tanwin is pronounced as a Sakin [ ‫ ] م‬with a Ghunnah [nasal twang]. Notice that a small [ ‫ ] م‬is written over [ ‫ ] ن‬and Tanwin in this case. This substitution is referred to as Iqlab [Alteration] that technically means substituting one letter for another. Ikhfa" [Suppressed Pronunciation] Ikhfa" technically means hiding or suppressing one letter into the other. If a Sakin [ ‫ ] ن‬or Tanwin comes before an Ikhfa" letter, the nasal sound of [ ‫ ] ن‬or Tanwin is suppressed and moved toward the next letter. The Ikhfa" letters are [ - ‫ ت‬- ‫ ف‬- ‫ ز‬- ‫ ط‬- ‫ د‬- ‫ س‬- ‫ ق‬- ‫ ش‬- ‫ ج‬- ‫ ك‬- ‫ ث‬- ‫ ذ‬- ‫ص‬ ‫ ظ‬- ‫] ض‬.