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2.1.2. G[PŒfl {vz vmh[P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ˜\¯¡P“ G∆¡ı÷ ˆ\Ø¿£kQfl”⁄ Gfl£¯u ¶õ¢xˆPı“Õ E[P–US EuƒÆ: A. A¡ÿ¯”® £ÿ‘ RÃUPsh Huı¡x J∏ A¿ªx Jfl÷USÆ ˜©ªı⁄ ˆ©ı»PŒ¿ E[P–US uP¡¿ AŒzu¿: C¢v, B[QªÆ A¿ªx EõzuıSÆ E“—∫ ˆ©ı». B. G[PŒfl ¬ÕÆ£µÆ ©ÿ÷Æ ¡oP FUS¬®¶ ¯P˜Øk ˆuŒ¡ıP ©ÿ÷Æ Øı¯µ≤Æ v¯\ v∏®£ı©¿ C∏®£¯u E÷v®£kzxu¿. C. G[PŒfl vmh[P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ˜\¯¡P“, A¡ÿ÷US EõzuıSÆ ¬vP“ ©ÿ÷Æ {£¢u¯⁄P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ¡mi ¬Qu[P“/˜\¯¡U Pmhn[P“ £ÿ‘ E[P–USz ˆuŒ¡ı⁄ uP¡¿ Q¯h®£¯u E÷v®£kzxu¿. D. E[P–US Gfl⁄ |fl¯©P“ Q¯hUQfl”⁄, }[P“ G®£i |fl¯©P¯Õ® ˆ£” ïi≤Æ, A¡ÿ‘fl {v \Æ£¢u®£mh ¬¯ÕƒP“ Gfl⁄ ©ÿ÷Æ E[P“ ˜P“¬P“, \¢˜uP[P–US }[P“ Øı¯µ ©ÿ÷Æ G®£i ˆuıh∫¶ ˆPı“Õ ˜¡skÆ G⁄ uP¡¿ AŒzu¿. 2.1.3. E[P“ PnUS A¿ªx ˜\¯¡¯Ø® £Øfl£kzu R “Õ ¡ı÷ Euƒu¿: A. E[P–US EõzuıSÆ ¬uzv¿ ™P \´£zvØ, uP¡¿P¯Õz ˆuıh∫¢x AŒzu¿. B. ¡mi ¬Qu[P“, Pmhn[P“ A¿ªx ¬vP“ ©ÿ÷Æ {£¢u¯⁄PŒ¿ ˆ\¥Ø®£kÆ ©ıÿ”[P“ £ÿ‘ E[P–USz uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬zu¿. 2.1.4. u¡”ıP HxÆ {Pâx“Õx G¤¿, A¡ÿ¯” xõu©ıP, AUP¯”≤hfl P¡¤zu¿: A. Eh˜⁄ u¡÷P¯Õz v∏zxu¿ ©ÿ÷Æ G[P“ u¡÷ Pıµn©ıP H˜u›Æ ¡[Q Pmhn[P“ ¬vUP®£k“Õx G¤¿ A¡ÿ¯” µzx ˆ\¥u¿. B. E[P“ ¶Pı∫P¯Õ Eh˜⁄ P¡¤zx EõØ |h¡iU¯P Gkzu¿. C. }[P“ Cfl›Æ v∏®v A¯hج¿¯ª G¤¿ E[P“ ¶Pı¯µ ˜©ºhzxUS G®£i ˆuõ¬®£x Gfl” B˜ªı\¯⁄ (£ıµı 7 £ı∫UPƒÆ) T÷u¿. D. ˆuı»¿~m£ ˆ\غ«®¶PÕı¿ Hÿ£mk“Õ §µa]¯⁄P“ G¤¿, A¡ÿ¯” \õ ˆ\¥vh uS¢u ©ıÿ÷ ¡\vP“ AŒzu¿. 2.1.5. E[P“ A¯⁄zx ˆ\ı¢u uP¡¿P¯Õ≤Æ u¤®£mh ¬uzv¿ CµP]Ø©ıP P∏xu¿ R˜« £ıµı 5¿ S‘®§mk“Õ ¬ÂØ[P¯Õ® ˆ£ı÷zx, |ı[P“ E[P“ A¯⁄zx ˆ\ı¢u uP¡¿P¯Õ≤Æ u¤®£mh ¬uzv¿, CµP]Ø©ıP P∏v ¯PØı“˜¡ıÆ. 2.1.6. ˆ|‘zˆuıS®¯£ ˆ¡Œ∞h |ı[P“ A. ˆ|‘zˆuıS®§fl J∏ |P¯ª |ı[P“ E[P–US (HÿP⁄˜¡ E“Õ ¡ıiU¯PØıÕ∫) AŒ®˜£ıÆ. B. }[P“ E[P“ PnU¯Pz x¡[SƘ£ıx E[P–US (¶vØ ¡ıiU¯PØıÕ∫) ˆ|‘zˆuıS®§fl J∏ |P¯ª AŒ®˜£ıÆ. C. Pƒshõ˜ªı A¿ªx ™fl⁄q uP¡¿ ˆuıh∫¶ ⪘©ı A¿ªx ™fl⁄g\¿ ⪘©ı, ˜PıõU¯P∞fl ˜£õ¿ C¢u ˆ|‘zˆuıS®¶ Q¯hUPa ˆ\¥˜¡ıÆ. D. J∆ˆ¡ı∏ Q¯Õ∞æÆ ©ÿ÷Æ G[P“ C¯nØuÕzvæÆ C¢u ˆ|‘ ﯔz ˆuıS®¶ Q¯hUPa ˆ\¥˜¡ıÆ. ©ÿ÷Æ E. C¢u ˆ|‘ ﯔz ˆuıS®¶ £ÿ‘ \Æ£¢u®£mh uP¡¯ª AŒUP G[P“ F»Ø∫P–US £∞ÿ] AŒ®˜£ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ ˆ|‘zˆuıS®¯£ ˆ\ؿﯔ®£kzx¡¯u E÷v®£kzx˜¡ıÆ. 2.1.7. £ıµ£m\©ÿ” J∏ ˆPı“¯P¯Ø Hÿ÷U ˆPı“u¿ ©ÿ÷Æ |¯hﯔ®£kzxu¿ |ı[P“ ¡Øx, C⁄Æ, £ıº⁄Æ, v∏©n {¯ª ©uÆ A¿ªx ˆ\غ«®¶ Ai®¯£∞¿ Øı∫õhïÆ £ıµ£m\©ıP |hUP ©ım˜hıÆ. 3. uP¡¿ }[P“ ¡mi ¬Qu[P“, ˆ£ıx¡ı⁄ L•Ï ©ÿ÷Æ Pmhn[P“ £ÿ‘ §fl¡∏Æ G¢u Jfl‘fl âªïÆ uP¡¿ ˆ£”ªıÆ. 1
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{∫¡QUP, ©ÿ÷Æ Av¿ £vƒP¯Õ \õ£ı∫UP Eu¡ |ı[P“ J∏ ©ıuı¢vµ A‘U¯P¯Ø A›®¶˜¡ıÆ. B. E[P“ PnUS ¡¯PUS ¡«UP©ıP Q¯h®£¯u ¬h, }[P“ AiUPi ©ıu A‘U¯PP“ ˆPıkUSÆ£i }[P“ G[PŒhÆ J∏ PmhnÆ ˆ\æzx¡ufl˜£õ¿ ˜PmPªıÆ. C¢u PmhnÆ Pmhnz vmh ﯔ∞¿ S‘®§h®£kÆ. C. Pƒshõ¿ }[P“ E[PŒfl uØ ]ª £õ¡∫zu¯⁄P¯Õ £ı∫UP CØæÆ. ˜©æÆ }[P“ HiGÆ&¿ A¿ªx E[P“ Cflh∫ˆ|m PnUS âªÆ G[ˆP¿ªıÆ C¢u ¡\vP“ G[PŒhÆ Q¯hUQ”˜uı A[S }[P“ £õ¡∫zu¯⁄ ¬£µ[P¯Õ® £ı∫UPªıÆ. D. ˜©æÆ |ı[P“ E[P–US ™fl⁄g\¿ âªÆ A¿ªx G[PŒfl £ıxPı®£ı⁄ Cflh∫ˆ|m £ı[Q[ ˜\¯¡ âªÆ PnUS A‘U¯PP¯Õ A›®¶˜¡ıÆ. C¢u ¡\vP“ G[PŒhÆ C∏¢uı¿, }[P“ ¬∏Ƨ⁄ı¿ C∆¡ı÷ A›®£ ïi≤Æ. 8.1.2. ˆh∫Æ ˆh£ı]mP“ ˆh∫Æ ˆh£ı]m¯h ïfl⁄uıP ïizx £nÆ ˆ£÷u¿ |ı[P“ : A. ïv∫ƒUS ïfl¶ ˆh∫Æ ˆh£ı]kUS £nÆ ˆ£÷¡uÿPı⁄ |¯hﯔ £ÿ‘ E[P–US uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. B. ˆhÆ ˆh£ı]mi¿ ïfl⁄uıP® £nÆ GkUP ¡mi ¬Qu ¬£µ[P¯Õz ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. £ıUQ≤“Õ ˆh∫Æ ˆh£ı]mP¯Õ® ¶x®§zu¿ ïv∫ƒ ˜uvUS® §fl¶, }[P“ ˆh£ı]mP¯Õ® ¶x®§UQ’∫P“ G¤¿, |ı[P“ AuÿPıP EõzuıSÆ ¡mi ¬QuÆ £ÿ‘ E[P–USz uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ ˆh£ı]mPŒfl ˜£õ¿ Am¡ıflÏ ˆh∫Æ ˆh£ı]mPŒfl ˜£õ¿ Q¯hUSÆ Phfl/ K¡∫ iµıL®m ¡\v £ÿ‘ |ı[P“ ¬ÕUS˜¡∆. 8.1.3 "˜|ı L®õ¿Ï' PnUS ™PU S¯”¢u£m\ C∏®¶ "߉ØÆ' A¿ªx ™P S¯”¡ı⁄ C∏®¶ Ehfl J∏ Ai®£¯h ¡[Q "˜|ıL®õ®Ï' PnUS x¡[P ¡\v AŒUQ˜”ıÆ. Azu¯PØ PnUQ¿ £ª¬u ˜\¯¡P“ / vmh[P–US EõzuıSÆ Pmhn[P“ Esk. A¯¡ u¤ Pmhnz vmhﯔ £miغ¿ S‘®§h®£kÆ. Czu¯Ø PnUSPŒ¿ ufl¯© ©ÿ÷Æ £õ¡∫zu¯⁄ GsoU¯PP“ Pmk®£kzu®£hªıÆ. A¯¡ £ÿ‘ E[P–US PnUS x¡[P®£kƘ£ıx ˆuŒ¡ıPz ˆuõ¬UP®£kÆ. 8.1.4 ¯©⁄∫PŒfl PnUSP“ J∏ ¯©⁄∫ G®£i PnUS x¡[P ïi≤Æ ©ÿ÷Æ Ax G®£i CØUP®£hªıÆ Gfl£¯u® £ÿ‘ }[P“ ¬£µÆ ˜Pmhı¿ |ı[P“ £v¿ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. 8.1.5 ]”®¶ PnUSP“ âzu Si©UP“, Eh¿ F⁄ïÿ˜”ı∫ ©ÿ÷Æ G u®£iUPz ˆuõØıu |£∫P“ ˜£ıfl” G[PŒfl ]”®£ı⁄ ¡ıiU¯PØıÕ∫P–UPıP |ı[P“ ]”®£ı⁄ ©ÿ÷Æ ¡\vØı⁄ ﯔ∞¿ |h¡iU¯PP“ Gkzx“˜ÕıÆ. Cv¿ Em£mh¯¡ Czu¯PØ ¬sn®£uıµ∫P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ¡ıiU¯PØıÕ∫P–UPıP ¡\vØı⁄ £ıº]P“, vmh[P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ˜\¯¡P“. Ps£ı∫¯¡ C¿ªıu¡∫P“ / Cuµ¡¯P F⁄ïÿ˜”ı∫ A¡˜µı/A¡˜Õı ˜|õ¿ ¡[QUSÆ PnUS x¡[P ¬∏Æ¶Æ |£∏USÆ ˆuõ¢u J∏¡¯µ \ım]ØıP Ehfl Tmi¡¢uı¿ |ı[P“ PnUS x¡[P |¯hﯔ ©ÿ÷Æ Cuµ ¬vP“ ©ÿ÷Æ {£¢u¯⁄P¯Õ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. ˆ£ıx¡ıP Ps£ı∫¯¡ C¿ªıu¡∫P“ ©ÿ÷Æ G u®£iUPz ˆuõØıu¡∫P–US Pı˜\ı¯ª ¶zuP ¡\v AŒ®£v¿¯ª. G¤›Æ, ]¿ª¯” PhflP¯Õ, £ª ˜\¯¡ E£˜ØıP[P–UPı⁄ §¿P¯Õ S‘®§mh Pıª ˜¡¯ÕPŒ¿ ˆ\æzu E[P“ |ª¯⁄® £ıxPıUSÆ AÆ\[P“ Ehfl £õ^ºzx Pı˜\ı¯ª ¶zuPÆ ¡«[P P∏x˜¡ıÆ. 8.1.6. ïh[Q®˜£ı⁄/ ˆ\Ø¿£hıu PnUSP“ |ı[P“ E[P–US, A. }[P“ G®˜£ıx PnUS x¡[Q‹∫P“, E[P“ PnUS ïh[Q®˜£ı⁄/ ˆ\Ø¿£hıu PnUS BP E[P“ PnUS ¡¯P®£kzu®£mh Pıª¡µÆ¶ Gx G⁄U T÷˜¡ıÆ. E[P“ PnUS ïh[Q® ˜£ıSÆ / ˆ\Ø¿£hıu A¿ªx ˜Pıµ®£hıu PnUS BP ¡¯P®£kzu®£k¡uÿS âfl÷ ©ıu[P–US ïfl |ı[P“ E[P–US uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. ˜©æÆ Pmhn vmh ﯔ®£i Au¯⁄ ´skÆ ˆ\Ø¿£kzu Pmhn[P“ Em£h ©ÿ÷Æ ¬¯ÕƒP“ £ÿ‘ |ı[P“ E[P–US uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. B. }[P“ E[P“ PnU¯Pa ˆ\Ø¿£kzu ¬∏Ƨ⁄ı¿ |ı[P“ AuÿPıP® §fl£ÿ” ˜¡siØ |¯hﯔ¯Ø E[P–US ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ.
8.1.7. E[P“ PnU¯P ïizxU ˆPı“u¿ ˆ£ıx¡ı⁄ `Ã{¯ªPŒfl RÃ, |ı[P“ S¯”¢u£m\Æ 30 |ımP“ Pıª A¡Pı\Æ AŒUPı©¿ E[P“ PnU¯P ïiUP ©ım˜hıÆ. Azu¯PØ `«¿PŒfl Euıµn[P“ ""ˆ£ıx¡ı⁄¯¡'' A¿ª G⁄U P∏u®£kÆ PnU¯P ﯔØÿ” ¬uzv¿ ¯PØı“u¿ ïuºØ¯¡ BP C∏USÆ. Czu¯PØ A¯⁄zx ¬ÂØ[PŒæÆ, E[PÕı¿ HÿP⁄˜¡ ¡«[P®£mh Pı˜\ı¯ªP–US ©ıÿ÷ Hÿ£ıkP“ ˆ\¥Ø ˜¡siØx A¡]ØÆ ©ÿ÷Æ }[P“ Czu¯PØ PnUQ¿ G¢u ¶x Pı˜\ı¯ªP–Æ ˆPıkUP Thıx. 8.2. UŒØõ[ _«ÿ] PˆªUÂfl ˜\¯¡P“ |ı[P“, A. |ı[P“ E“—∫ Pı˜\ı¯ªP“ ©ÿ÷Æ ˆ¡Œ≥∫ Pı˜\ı¯ªP–UPı⁄ UŒØõ[ _«ÿ] £ÿ‘ E[P–USz uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®£xhfl, PˆªU›UPıP }[P“ \©∫®§zu Pı˜\ı¯ªP“, ¡¯µ˜Øı¯ªP“ ïuºØ¡ÿ÷US }[P“ G®˜£ıx £nÆ ˆ£”ªıÆ Gfl÷ ¬£µ[P¯Õ≤Æ ©ÿ÷Æ G[PÕx Pı˜\ı¯ª ˜\Põ®¶ ˆPı“¯P∞fl£i, uı©u©ı¡uÿPı⁄ ¡mi¯Ø }[P“ G®˜£ıx ˆ£”z uSv E¯hØ¡∫ Gfl÷Æ uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. B. |ı[P“ ˆ¡Œ≥∫ Pı˜\ı¯ªP–US Eh⁄iØıP Qˆµim AŒzuı¿, EõzuıSÆ ¬vP“ ©ÿ÷Æ {£¢u¯⁄P“ Em£h Ax £ÿ‘Ø ¬£µ[P¯Õ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. Auı¡x }[P“ PnUQ¿ ˆh£ı]m ˆ\¥x“Õ G¢u ¡¯PUS £nÆ ¡µƒ ¯¡UP®£kÆ, PnUSP“ v∏®vPµ©ıP CØUP®£kQ”uı ˜£ıfl”¡ÿ÷US ¬£µ[P“ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. C. G[PŒfl Pı˜\ı¯ª PˆªUÂfl ˆPı“¯P∞fl£i ˆ\Ø¿£k˜¡ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ }[P“ \©∫®§zu Pı˜\ı¯ª Gkzxa ˆ\¿ª®£kƘ£ıx ˆuı¯ª¢x ˜£ı⁄ı¿ J∏ Pı˜\ı¯ª |P¿ ˆ£” |ı[P“ A¯⁄zx Eu¬P–Æ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. D. }[P“ E[P“ PnU¯Pz x¡[SƘ£ıxÆ ©ÿ÷Æ }[P“ G®˜£ıx G[PŒhÆ ˜PmhıæÆ |ı[P“ ˜©ÿPsh uP¡¯ª AŒ®˜£ıÆ. G[P“ £ıº]∞¿ H˜u›Æ ©ıÿ”Æ C∏¢uı¿, ©ıÿ‘د©UP®£mh £ıº] G[P“ C¯nØuÕzvæÆ ©ÿ÷Æ G[PŒfl G¿ªı Q¯ÕPŒæÆ Pım]US ¯¡UP®£kÆ. 8.3. ˜µıUP £õ¡∫zu¯⁄P“ : |ı[P“ Pı˜\ı¯ªP“/ ˆµıUPÆ ˆ£ÿ÷UˆPı“˜¡ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ E[P“ PnUS £µı©õUP®£kÆ Chzvˆ¿ªıÆ Pƒsh∫PŒ¿ ˆµıUPÆ ¡«[S˜¡ıÆ. |ı[P“ A UPı⁄ / ]¯u¢u π£ı¥ ˜|ımkUP“ ©ÿ÷Æ/ A¿ªx ]÷ |ınØ[P“ ˆ£ÿ÷UˆPısk C¢vØ õ\∫∆ ¡[Q B¯nU S‘®¶PŒfl£i A¡ÿ¯” ©ıÿ‘z u∏˜¡ıÆ. ˜©ÿPsh £õ¡∫zu¯⁄P“ J∏ S‘®§mh ˆuı¯PUS ˜©¿ ˜£ı⁄ı¿ |ı[P“ E[P“ ¡∏©ı⁄¡õ A¯hØıÕ Am¯h Gs¯n ˆPıkUSÆ£i ˜PmPªıÆ. 8.3.1. ˜|µiU P»®¶P“ ©ÿ÷Æ {¯ªØı⁄ ˆ\Ø¿ S‘®¶P“ A. PnUS x¡[P®£kÆ ˜|µzv¿ ˜|µiU P»®¶P“/ {¯ªØı⁄ S‘®¶P“ G®£i ˆ\Ø¿£kQfl”⁄ ©ÿ÷Æ }[P“ A¡ÿ¯” G®£i £vƒ ˆ\¥¡x / µzx ˆ\¥¡x ©ÿ÷Æ A¯¡ \Æ£¢u©ı⁄ Pmhn[P“ Gfl⁄ Gfl£¯uU T÷˜¡ıÆ. §fl¡∏©ı÷ Pmhn[P“ ¬vUP®£kÆ. B. ˜|µiU P»®¶UPıP }[P“ ˆPıkzx“Õ Eõ¯© AvPıµ[P“ ´x ˆ\Ø¿£ku¿ (Auı¡x GªUmµı¤U UŒØõ[ \∫√Ï (D]GÏ) ©ÿ÷Æ Cuµ {¯ªØı⁄ S‘®¶P“). Eõ¯© AvPıµz¯ua ˆ\Ø¿£kzx¡v¿ Huı¡x uı©uÆ A¿ªx u¡÷ Hÿ£mhı¿, Aufl Pıµn©ıP £n |ËhÆ A¿ªx Tku¿ ˆ\ªƒ Hÿ£mhı¿ |ı[P“ ¡[Q∞fl |ËhDk £ıº]∞fl£i |ËhDk AŒ®˜£ıÆ. E[P“ PnUQ¿ ˜£ıvØ C∏®¶ C¿¯ª Gfl£ufl Pıµn©ıP Eõ¯© AvPıµÆ ˆ\Ø¿£kzu®£h ïiج¿¯ª G¤¿, |ı[P“ A∆¡®˜£ıx ©ıÿ‘ A¯©UP®£kÆ Pmhn vmh ﯔ®£i Pmhn[P“ ¬v®˜£ıÆ. C. |ı[P“ £nÆ ˆ\æzx£¡∏US J∏ Hˆ·flm BP ˆ\Ø¿£kÆ £m\zv¿, £nz¯u® ˆ£÷Æ |£∏US GªUmµı¤U UŒØõ[ \∫√Ï (D]GÏ) G¤¿ £nÆ ˆ\æzu®£kƘ£ıx J∏ ˆ\æzxu¿ S‘®¯£ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. D. J∏ ˜|µi P»®§fl Rà E[P“ PnUQº∏¢x A[RPıµÆ C¿ªıu ﯔ∞¿/ u¡÷uªıP £nÆ P»UP®£mk“Õx G⁄z w∫©ı¤UP®£kQ”x G¤¿, E[P“ PnUQ¿ ¡mi≤hfl Ax ´skÆ ˜\∫UP®£kÆ ©ÿ÷Æ ¡[Q∞fl |ËhDk® £ıº]∞fl£i E[P–US |ËhDk AŒUP®£kÆ. 8.4. £nz¯u ¡«[Pı©¿ {÷zxÆ ¡\v A. E[PÕı¿ ¡«[P®£kÆ Pı˜\ı¯ªP“ \Æ£¢u©ıP A¡ÿ÷US £nÆ ˆPıkUP®£hı©¿ {÷zxÆ S‘®¯£ Hÿ÷U ˆPı“˜¡ıÆ. E[P“ S‘®¶P“ Q¯hzu Ehfl
|ı[P“ AuÿS J®¶u¿ AŒzx¬mk, C¢u Pı˜\ı¯ªP“ G[PÕı¿ HÿP⁄˜¡ UŒØ∫ ˆ\¥Ø®£hı©¿ C∏¢v∏¢uı¿ Eh⁄i |h¡iU¯P Gk®˜£ıÆ. B. CuÿˆP⁄ HxÆ Pmhn[P“ C∏¢uı¿ A¡ÿ¯” ¬v®˜£ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ A¯¡ A∆¡®˜£ıx ©ıÿ‘ A¯©UP®£kÆ Pmhn® £miغ¿ ˜\∫UP®£kÆ. C. £nÆ AŒUP ˜¡shıÆ Gfl” S‘®¶P“ ˆ£”®£mh §fl, J∏ Pı˜\ı¯ªUS £nÆ AŒUP®£mi∏¢uı¿ |ı[P“ A¢u Pı˜\ı¯ª©v®¶USõØ £nz¯u E[P–US v∏®§ ¡«[S˜¡ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ ¡[Q∞fl |ËhDmk® £ıº]∞fl£i E[P–UP |ËhDk ¡«[P®£kÆ. 8.5. E[PÕı¿ ¡«[P®£kÆ Pı˜\ı¯ª/ P»®¶USõØ S‘®¶P“ |ı[P“ A. E[P“ PnUQº∏¢x GkUP®£kÆ A\¿ Pı˜\ı¯ªP“/ P»®¶ S‘®¶P¯Õ A¿ªx A¡ÿ‘fl |P¿P¯Õ A¿ªx C˜©‰P¯Õ \mh®£i ˜u¯¡®£kÆ PıªÆ ¡¯µ ¯¡zv∏®˜£ıÆ. B. E[P–US Pı˜\ı¯ª/ P»®¶ S‘®¯£ A¿ªx Aufl |P¯ª G[PŒfl ˆµPı∫kP“ Q¯hUSÆ ¡¯µ J∏ \ıfl”ıP |ı[P“ ¡«[S˜¡ıÆ. E[P“ PnUQº∏¢x £nÆ ¡«[P®£mh Pı˜\ı¯ª/ P»®¶ S‘®¶P“ £ÿ‘ Huı¡x ¬¡ıuÆ G ©ı⁄ı¿, A¢u ˜PıõU¯P J∏ BskUS“ G ®£®£mhı¿, G¢u PmhnïÆ ¬vUP®£hıx ©ÿ÷Æ J∏ BskUS ˜©¿ G¤¿ Pmhn[P“ Pmhnz vmh ﯔ®£i ¬vUP®£kÆ. C. |ı[P“ £nÆ ˆ\æzu®£hıu Pı˜\ı¯ªP“ ©ÿ÷Æ Aƒm&BL®&˜hm (ˆ\¿ªıu) Pı˜\ı¯ªP“ ¬¡Pıµzv¿ G®£i ˆ\¥¿£k˜¡ıÆ G⁄ E[P–US T÷˜¡ıÆ. PnUQ¿ C∏®¶ C¿¯ª Gfl” PıµnzxUPıP, £nÆ ¡«[P®£hı©¿ v∏®§ A›®£®£mh Pı˜\ı¯ªUS |ı[P“ PmhnÆ ¬v®˜£ıÆ. ¬vUP®£kÆ Pmhn[PŒfl ¬£µ[P“ A∆¡®˜£ıx ©ıÿ‘. A¯©UP®£kÆ Pmh⁄ vmhﯔ∞¿ Em£kzu®£kÆ. 8.6. Q¯Õ âh®£ku¿/©ıÿ”®£ku¿ |ı[P“ G[P“ Q¯Õ¯Ø âhz vmh™hı¿ A¿ªx G[P“ Q¯Õ¯Ø G[Pı¡x ©ıÿ‘⁄ı¿, |ı[P“ E[P–US A. E[P“ ˆ\flhõ¿ ˜¡÷ H˜u›Æ ¡[Q∞fl Q¯Õ CØ[P¬¿¯ª G¤¿ âfl÷ ©ıu[P“ ïfl⁄uıP ˜|ımjÏ AŒ®˜£ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ |ı[P“ E[P–US G®£i ˆuıh∫¢x ¡[Qa ˜\¯¡P“ AŒ®˜£ıÆ Gfl£¯u≤Æ T÷˜¡ıÆ. B. ˜¡÷ H˜u›Æ ¡[Q∞¿ Q¯Õ ˆ\Ø¿£kQ”x G¤¿ Cµsk ©ıu[P–US ïfl ˜|ımjÏ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. 8.7. PnUSuıµ∫P“ C”¢x¬mhı¿, w∫ƒU ˜PıõU¯PP“ w∫UP®£h¿ 8.7.1. PnUSuıµ∫P“ C”¢x¬mhı¿, PnUSP¯Õz w∫UP, |ı[P“ J∏ GŒØ |¯hﯔ¯Ø §fl£ÿ÷˜¡ıÆ. A. J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫ (©ÿ”¡∫P“)/ ¡ıõ_ E“Õ PnUSP“ \mh ¬v i) C”¢x˜£ı⁄ J∏ ˆh£ı]muıµõfl ˆh£ı]m PnUQ¿ A¢u ˆh£ı]mh∫ {Ø©⁄ ¡\v¯Ø® £Øfl£kzv C∏¢uı¿ ©ÿ÷Æ A¢u PnUS J∏ ˆ\¿æ£iØıSÆ ¡ıõ_ {Ø©⁄z¯u J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫ Gfl” \mh ¬v, (""Øı˜µ›Æ J∏¡∫ A¿ªx J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫'' A¿ªx ""G¢u J∏ |£∫ A¿ªx J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫'' A¿ªx ""uØ¡∫ A¿ªx J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫'' A¿ªx ""§¢¯uØ¡∫ A¿ªx J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫'') Ehfl x¡[P®£mi∏¢uı¿ ˆh£ı]mPnUQ¿ E“Õ ´x C∏®¶z ˆuı¯P C”¢x˜£ı⁄ ˆh£ı]m PnUSuıµõfl PnUQ¿ A¡µx C”®¶US §fl E“Õ ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∏US (©ÿ”¡∫P–US)/ ¡ıõ_US §fl¡∏£⁄¡ÿ¯”≤Æ ˆ£ı÷zx ¡«[P®£kÆ: J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡õfl (PŒfl)/ ¡ıõ]fl (¡ıõ_PŒfl) A¯hØıÕÆ ©ÿ÷Æ PnUSuıµõfl C”®¶UPı⁄ Es¯© {¯ª, uS¢u B¡n Buıµzxhfl {π§UP®£kQ”x G¤¿; ii) EõØ AvPıµï“Õ J∏ }v©fl”Æ, C”¢x˜£ı⁄¡õfl PnUQ¿ E“Õ £nz¯u ¡«[PU Thıx G⁄ u¯h B¯n HxÆ ¬vUP¬¿¯ª G¤¿ iii)C”¢x˜£ı⁄ ˆh£ı]muıµõfl \mhß∫¡ ¡ıõ_PŒfl J∏ iµÏi BP ¡[Q∞º∏¢x £nz¯u J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫(P“)/ ¡ıõ_ (¡ıõ_P“) ˆ£÷¡ı∫(P“) G⁄ ˆuŒ¡ıPz ˆuõ¬UP®£kÆ. Auı¡x A¡∏US ¡«[P®£kÆ £nÆ, Czu¯PØ £nz¯u® ˆ£÷Æ J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫(P“)/ ¡ıõ_ (¡ıõ_P“) ˜£ıfl˜”ı∏US GvµıP G¢u |£õfl Eõ¯© A¿ªx ˜PıõU¯P¯Ø® £ıvUPıx. 4
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Ph¯⁄ AvPõUSÆ ïfl¶ }[P“ A¯uz v∏®§a ˆ\æzu ïi≤©ı G⁄ ©v®§k˜¡ıÆ. G[PÕı¿ E[P–US Eu¡ ïiØı¬mhı¿, ¬sn®§zu Phfl ˆuı¯P π£ı¥ Cµsk ªm\[P–US AvP™¿¯ª G¤¿, Au¯⁄ ©÷®£uÿPı⁄ Pıµnz¯u (Pıµn[P¯Õ) G zx ß∫¡©ıPz ˆuõØ®£kzx˜¡ıÆ. E[P“ PhflP–UPıP |ı[P“ ]ªõh™∏¢x J∏ Ezuµ¡ıuÆ A¿ªx Cuµ §¯nØz¯u Hÿ÷UˆPı“Õ ˜¡skÆ G⁄ }[P“ ¬∏Ƨ⁄ı¿, Ezuµ¡ıuÆ A¿ªx C¢u §¯nØÆ AŒUSÆ |£∏US A¿ªx A¡∫PŒfl \mhß∫¡ B˜ªı\P∏US E[P“ £nÆ \Æ£¢u®£mh CµP]Ø uP¡¿P¯Õ AŒUP E[P“ A›©v¯Ø |ı[P“ ˜PmPªıÆ. ˜©æÆ |ı[P“ A. A¡∫PŒfl ˆ£ı÷®¯£ ¶õ¢xˆPı“¡¯u ©ÿ÷Æ A¡∫PŒfl w∫©ı⁄zuı¿ Hÿ£hUTiØ ¬¯ÕƒP¯Õ≤Æ (EõzuıSÆ Ch[PŒ¿, |ı[P“ A¡∫PŒhÆ ¯PˆØ zvhU ˜PmSÆ B¡n[PŒ¿ C¢u® £õ¢x¯µ J∏ ˆuŒ¡ı⁄ A‘¬®£ıP C∏USÆ) ¶õ¢x ˆPısh¯u E÷v®£kzxÆ ¬zv¿ _u¢vµ©ı⁄ \mh B˜ªı\¯⁄ ˆ£÷Æ£i A¡∫P¯Õ FUP®£kzx˜¡ıÆ. B. Ezuµ¡ıuÆ A¿ªx Cuµ §¯nØÆ AŒ®£uı¿ A¡∫P–UP £vªıP E[P¯Õ A¿ªx A¡∫P–Æ ˜\∫¢x ˆ£ı÷®¶US E“ÕıPªıÆ Gfl÷ T÷˜¡ıÆ. C. A¡∫PŒfl ˆ£ı÷®¶ Gfl⁄¡ıP C∏USÆ G⁄ |ı[P“ T÷˜¡ıÆ. 8.11.1. Phfl vmh[P“ PhflP–UPı⁄ ¬sn®£[P“ ©ÿ÷Æ A¡ÿ‘fl £õ^ª¯⁄: A. J∏ Ph¯⁄ ¡«[SƘ£ıx |ı[P“ EõzuıSÆ ¡mi ¬Qu[P“, A˜uık Th £õ^ª¯⁄UPı⁄ L•Ï/ Pmhn[P“ HxÆ C∏¢uı¿ A¯¡, ïfl⁄˜µ v∏®§a ˆ\æzx¡uÿPı⁄ ¬∏®£z ˜u∫ƒP“ ©ÿ÷Æ Pmhn[P“ HxÆ C∏¢uı¿ A¯¡ ©ÿ÷Æ Phfl ¡ı[S£¡õfl |ª¯⁄® £ıvUSÆ H˜u›Æ Cuµ ¬ÂØ[P“ C∏¢uı¿ |ı[P“ A¯¡ £ÿ‘z uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. Cuıfl¿ Cuµ ¡[QP“ Ehfl \õØı⁄ ¬zv¿ J®§mk }[P“ J∏ uP¡ª‘¢u w∫©ı⁄Æ ˆ\¥Ø ïi≤Æ. B. ˆ£ıx¡ıP Phfl ¬sn®£z¯u® £õ^ºUP, ˜u¯¡®£kÆ A¯⁄zx ¬ÂØ[P–Æ Ph›UPıP ¬sn®§USƘ£ı˜u G[PÕı¿ ˜\PõUP®£h i≤Æ. J∏ ˜¡¯Õ G[P–US Tku¿ uP¡¿ ˜u¯¡®£mhı¿, |ı[P“ E[P¯Õ Eh˜⁄ ˆuıh∫¶ ˆPı“˜¡ıÆ. C. |ı[P“ E[P–US Phfl ¡µÆ¶ ©ÿ÷Æ Cuµ ¬vP“ ©ÿ÷Æ {£¢u¯⁄P“ £ÿ‘ uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. D. }[P“ ˜Pıõ⁄ı¿, E[PÕı¿ ß∫zv ˆ\¥x AŒUP®£mh A¯⁄zx Phfl B¡n[PŒfl ˆ©¥®§UP®£mh |P¿P¯Õ A˜uık Phfl B¡nzv¿ }[P“ S‘®§mk“Õ C¯n®¶PŒfl J∆ˆ¡ıfl‘fl |P¯ª≤Æ |ı[P“ G[P“ ˆ\ª¬¿ u∏˜¡ıÆ. E. Phfl ¡«[SÆ ¬ÂØzv¿ |ı[P“ £ıº⁄Æ, ·ıv ©ÿ÷Æ ©uÆ Gfl” Ai®£¯h∞¿ £ıµ£m\©ıP |h¢x ˆPı“Õ ©ım˜hıÆ. B⁄ı¿ \âPzvfl £ªuµ®£mh ©UP–UPı⁄ vmh[P¯Õ E∏¡ıUS¡v¿, £[˜Pÿ£v¿ C∏¢x Cx G[P¯Õ ¬ªUPıx. F. Phfl ¡ı[QØ¡õh™∏¢x A¿ªx J∏ ¡[Q∞º∏¢x/ {v A¯©®§º∏¢x Phfl ¡ı[QØ ˆuı¯P¯Ø ©ıÿ”U ˜Pı∏Æ ˜PıõU¯P¯Ø |ı[P“ ˆ£ıx¡ı⁄ ¬uzv¿ £õ^º®˜£ıÆ. 8.12. Ezuµ¡ıuÆ }[P“ J∏ Ph›US Ezuµ¡ıuÆ ˆPık®£¡µıP BPªı©ı G⁄ P∏xƘ£ıx, |ı[P“ E[P–US T÷˜¡ıÆ. A. J∏ Ezuµ¡ıuÆ ˆPık®£¡µıP E[P“ ˆ£ı÷®¶ £ÿ‘. B. ¡[QUS E[PŒfl ˆ£ı÷®¶ Gfl⁄ Gfl£x £ÿ‘. C. E[PŒfl ˆ£ı÷®¶UPıP |ı[P“ E[P¯Õ A¯«UP ˜u¯¡®£kÆ `«¿P“ £ÿ‘ D. }[P“ J∏ Ezuµ¡ıuÆ ˆPık®£¡µıP £nz¯u ˆ\æzuz u¡‘⁄ı¿, ¡[Q∞¿ E“Õ E[PŒfl Cuµ £nz¯u |ıh ˜¡si∞∏US©ı Gfl£x £ÿ‘. E. J∏ Ezuµ¡ıvØıP E[P“ ˆ£ı÷®¶ S‘®§mh Pıª¡µÆ¶US ©mkÆuı⁄ı A¿ªx AuÿS Pıª¡µÆ¶ HxÆ Q¯hØıuı Gfl£x £ÿ‘. F. J∏ Ezuµ¡ıuÆ ˆPık®£¡∫ G¤¿ E[P“ ˆ£ı÷®¶UP¯Õ ß∫zv ˆ\¥Ø ˜¡siØ ˜|µÆ ©ÿ÷Æ `«¿P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ¬uÆ £ÿ‘≤Æ T÷¡˜uık Ax£ÿ‘ E[P–USz uP¡æÆ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. }[P“ Ezuµ¡ıuÆ ˆPık®£uÿS ˆ£ı÷®˜£ÿ÷“Õ |£õfl {v {¯ª¯©∞¿ ˜©ı\©ı⁄ ©ıÿ”Æ/ ©ıÿ”[P“ C∏¢uı¿ |ı[P“ E[P–USz uP¡⁄¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. 8.13. ˆ£ıx uP¡¿ |ı[P“: A. Ph›US / Qˆµim Pı∫kP“ J®¶u¿ £ÿ‘z uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬USƘ£ıx EõzuıSÆ L•Ï ©ÿ÷Æ 5
Pmhn[P“ Ehfl G[PŒfl Phfl ©ÿ÷Æ Qˆµim Pı∫k vmh[PŒfl ïUQØ AÆ\[P“ £ÿ‘ |ı[P“ ¬ÕUP©ı⁄ uP¡¿ AŒ®˜£ıÆ B. }[P“ ¬sn®§UP uSvØıP E[PŒh™∏¢x G[P–US Gfl⁄ uP¡¿/B¡nÆ ˜u¯¡ G⁄ |ı[P“ E[P–USz ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. ˜©æÆ E[P“ A¯hØıÕÆ, ïP¡õ, ˜¡¯ª \Æ£¢u©ıP G[P–US Gfl⁄ B¡nÆ ˜u¯¡ Gfl£¯u≤Æ ©ÿ÷Æ \mh ©ÿ÷Æ ˆ|‘ ﯔz ˜u¯¡U˜Pÿ£ \mhß∫¡ AvPıµ A¯©®¶P–UPıP ˜¡÷ H˜u›Æ B¡nÆ (E.Æ. ¡∏©ı⁄¡õ A¯hØıÕ Am¯h ¬£µ[P“) ˜u¯¡®£k©ı Gfl£¯u≤Æ |ı[P“ E[P–US ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. C. E[P“ Qˆµim Pı∫k ¬sn®£v¿ E[PÕı¿ S‘®§h®£mk“Õ ¬£µ[P¯Õa \õ£ı∫UP, E[P¯Õ E[P“ √mi¿ ©ÿ÷Æ/ A¿ªx ¬Øı£ıµ ˆuı¯ª˜£] GsPŒ¿ ©ÿ÷Æ / A¿ªx E[P“ √mkUS / A¿ªx ¬Øı£ıµ ïP¡õUS, CuÿPıP˜¡ {Ø™UP®£mk“Õ G[P“ Hˆ·fl]P“ âªÆ, C∆¡ı÷ G[P–USz ˜u¯¡®£kÆ £m\zv¿ ˆuıh∫¶ ˆPısk ¬\ıõ®˜£ıÆ. D. |ı[P“ E[P–US J∏ K¡∫ iµıL®m AŒzuı¿, A¿ªx E[P“ uÿ˜£ı¯uØ K¡∫ iµıL®m ¡µÆ§¿ K∫ AvPõ®¶ AŒzuı¿, E[P“ K¡∫ iµıL®m ˜Pıµ®£kƘ£ıx A¿ªx ˜¡÷ ¬uzv¿ v∏®§a ˆ\æzu®£h ˜¡sk©ı G⁄U T÷˜¡ıÆ. ˜©æÆ ˜u¯¡®£mhı¿ |ı[P“ AvP©ıP GkUP®£mh ˆuı¯P¯ØU PnUQkÆ ï¯” ©ÿ÷Æ £ıUQ≤“Õ Phfl ˆuı¯PUPı⁄ ¡mi PnURk ˜£ıfl”¯¡ £ÿ‘≤Æ uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. 8.14. Qˆµim Pı∫k 8.14.1. ˆ£ıx uP¡¿ A. }[P“ Pı∫kUPıP ¬sn®§USƘ£ıx, |ı[P“ L•ÏP“ ©ÿ÷Æ ¡mi Pmhn[P“, §¿º[ ©ÿ÷Æ ˆ\æzxu¿, £ıUQ¯ØU PnUQkÆ ï¯”, ¶x®§zu¿ ©ÿ÷Æ ïizxU ˆPı“u¿ |¯hﯔP“ G⁄ \Æ£¢u®£mh ¬vP“ ©ÿ÷Æ {£¢u¯⁄P¯Õ ¬ÕUS¡˜uık, }[P“ Pı∫¯h CØUPz ˜u¯¡®£kÆ Cuµ uP¡¿P¯Õ≤Æ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. B. }[P“ J∏ vmhz¯u / ˜\¯¡¯Ø® ˆ£÷Ƙ£ıx/ ¬sn®§USƘ£ıx |ı[P“ G[PŒfl CªUPı⁄ ˜u¯¡®£kÆ ˜|µÆ £ÿ‘ E[P–USz ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. C. ¬£µ©ıP ¬vP“ ©ÿ÷Æ {£¢u¯⁄P“, E[P“ Pı∫k ˆuı¯ª¢x˜£ı⁄ı¿, u¡”ıP® £Øfl£kzu®£mhı¿ E[P“ PnUQ¿ Hÿ£kÆ |Ëh[P–US }[P“ ˆ£ı÷®£ıSÆ {¯ª ©ÿ÷Æ E[P“ Pı∫¯h £Øfl£kzx¡x \Æ£¢u©ı⁄ Cuµ uP¡¿ Ehfl E[P“ \∫√Ï ¯Pk/ ˆ©Æ£∫ ¶zuPu¯u≤Æ A˜uık E[PŒfl ïu¿ Pı∫¯h≤Æ A›®¶˜¡ıÆ. D. }[P“ E[P“ Pı∫kUPı⁄ A‘U¯P∞¿ S‘®§mk“Õ J∏ £õ¡∫zu¯⁄¯Ø Hÿ÷UˆPı“Õ ©ımj∫P“ G¤¿, |ı[P“ }[P“ ˜PmSÆ£m\zv¿ E[P–US Tku¿ ¬¡µ[P“ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. ]ª `«¿PŒ¿, |ı[P“ E[P“ P∏z¯u HÿP¬¿¯ª G¤¿, }[P“ ˜P“¬ G ®¶Æ ¬¡ıuzxUSõØ £õ¡∫zu¯⁄US \ıfl÷ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. 8.14.2. Qˆµim Pı∫k / §fl ¡«[Su¿ A. }[P“ AŒzu u£ı¿ ïP¡õ ©ıÿ÷ ïP¡õUS (G[PÕı¿ u£ı¿ ïP¡õUS A›®£®£h ïiج¿¯ª G¤¿) ©mk˜© |ı[P“ E[P“ QˆµimPı∫¯h/ §fl&I A›®¶˜¡ıÆ. CuÿS ©ıÿ”ıP, }[P“ ¬∏Ƨ⁄ı¿ |ı[P“ E[P“ Qˆµim Pı∫¯h/§fl&I G[P“ Q¯ÕPŒ¿ ˆhº¡õ ˆ\¥˜¡ıÆ. B. Qˆµim Pı∫k ¡«[P®£h E[P“ ¬£µ[P¯Õ £õ^ºzu§fl uS¢ux G⁄ |ı[P“ P∏v⁄ı¿, |ı[P“ i&BUi˜¡m (£Ø⁄£kzu uØı∫ {¯ª∞¿ C¿ªıux) Qˆµim Pı∫¯h ¡«[PªıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ Azu¯PØ i&BUi˜¡hm Pı∫k }[P“ ˆ\Ø¿£kzu ˜¯¯¡≤“Õ |h¡iU¯PP¯Õ Gkzu§fl ©ÿ÷Æ S‘®§h®£kÆ Cuµ {£¢u¯⁄P¯Õ® ˆ£ı÷zx ©mk˜© ˆ\Ø¿£hz x¡[SÆ. C. E[PŒfl J®¶u¿ Ehfl ©mk˜© |ı[P“ E[P“ Pı∫k ´x Phfl/ Qˆµim ¡\v/ Qˆµim ¡µÆ¯£ AvPõzu¿ ˆ\¥˜¡ıÆ. D. §fl (ˆ£∫\⁄¿ IˆhfliL§˜PÂfl |Æ£∫) G®˜£ıx JxUP®£mhıæÆ \õ, |ı[P“ A¯u E[P“ u£ı¿ ïP¡õUS u¤ØıP A›®§ ¯¡®˜£ıÆ. 8.14.3. Qˆµim Pı∫k A‘U¯PP“ A. E[P“ Qˆµim Pı∫k PnU¯P {∫¡QUP ©ÿ÷Æ Qˆµim Pı∫k £Øfl£kzv ˆ\¥Ø®£mh ˆPı“ ïu¿P“ / £nÆ Gkzu¿ ¡¯µ \õ£ı∫UP, |ı[P“ ©ıuı¢vµ u£ı¿ ¡»ØıP˜¡ı A¿ªx }[P“ ¬∏Ƨ⁄ı¿ Cflh∫ˆ|m ⪩ıP˜¡ı Qˆµim Pı∫k £õ¡∫zu¯⁄ ¬£µ[P¯Õ® ˆ£” Cª¡\©ıP ¡\v
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{∫¡QUP, ©ÿ÷Æ Av¿ £vƒP¯Õ \õ£ı∫UP Eu¡ |ı[P“ J∏ ©ıuı¢vµ A‘U¯P¯Ø A›®¶˜¡ıÆ. B. E[P“ PnUS ¡¯PUS ¡«UP©ıP Q¯h®£¯u ¬h, }[P“ AiUPi ©ıu A‘U¯PP“ ˆPıkUSÆ£i }[P“ G[PŒhÆ J∏ PmhnÆ ˆ\æzx¡ufl˜£õ¿ ˜PmPªıÆ. C¢u PmhnÆ Pmhnz vmh ﯔ∞¿ S‘®§h®£kÆ. C. Pƒshõ¿ }[P“ E[PŒfl uØ ]ª £õ¡∫zu¯⁄P¯Õ £ı∫UP CØæÆ. ˜©æÆ }[P“ HiGÆ&¿ A¿ªx E[P“ Cflh∫ˆ|m PnUS âªÆ G[ˆP¿ªıÆ C¢u ¡\vP“ G[PŒhÆ Q¯hUQ”˜uı A[S }[P“ £õ¡∫zu¯⁄ ¬£µ[P¯Õ® £ı∫UPªıÆ. D. ˜©æÆ |ı[P“ E[P–US ™fl⁄g\¿ âªÆ A¿ªx G[PŒfl £ıxPı®£ı⁄ Cflh∫ˆ|m £ı[Q[ ˜\¯¡ âªÆ PnUS A‘U¯PP¯Õ A›®¶˜¡ıÆ. C¢u ¡\vP“ G[PŒhÆ C∏¢uı¿, }[P“ ¬∏Ƨ⁄ı¿ C∆¡ı÷ A›®£ ïi≤Æ. 8.1.2. ˆh∫Æ ˆh£ı]mP“ ˆh∫Æ ˆh£ı]m¯h ïfl⁄uıP ïizx £nÆ ˆ£÷u¿ |ı[P“ : A. ïv∫ƒUS ïfl¶ ˆh∫Æ ˆh£ı]kUS £nÆ ˆ£÷¡uÿPı⁄ |¯hﯔ £ÿ‘ E[P–US uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. B. ˆhÆ ˆh£ı]mi¿ ïfl⁄uıP® £nÆ GkUP ¡mi ¬Qu ¬£µ[P¯Õz ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. £ıUQ≤“Õ ˆh∫Æ ˆh£ı]mP¯Õ® ¶x®§zu¿ ïv∫ƒ ˜uvUS® §fl¶, }[P“ ˆh£ı]mP¯Õ® ¶x®§UQ’∫P“ G¤¿, |ı[P“ AuÿPıP EõzuıSÆ ¡mi ¬QuÆ £ÿ‘ E[P–USz uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ ˆh£ı]mPŒfl ˜£õ¿ Am¡ıflÏ ˆh∫Æ ˆh£ı]mPŒfl ˜£õ¿ Q¯hUSÆ Phfl/ K¡∫ iµıL®m ¡\v £ÿ‘ |ı[P“ ¬ÕUS˜¡∆. 8.1.3 "˜|ı L®õ¿Ï' PnUS ™PU S¯”¢u£m\ C∏®¶ "߉ØÆ' A¿ªx ™P S¯”¡ı⁄ C∏®¶ Ehfl J∏ Ai®£¯h ¡[Q "˜|ıL®õ®Ï' PnUS x¡[P ¡\v AŒUQ˜”ıÆ. Azu¯PØ PnUQ¿ £ª¬u ˜\¯¡P“ / vmh[P–US EõzuıSÆ Pmhn[P“ Esk. A¯¡ u¤ Pmhnz vmhﯔ £miغ¿ S‘®§h®£kÆ. Czu¯Ø PnUSPŒ¿ ufl¯© ©ÿ÷Æ £õ¡∫zu¯⁄ GsoU¯PP“ Pmk®£kzu®£hªıÆ. A¯¡ £ÿ‘ E[P–US PnUS x¡[P®£kƘ£ıx ˆuŒ¡ıPz ˆuõ¬UP®£kÆ. 8.1.4 ¯©⁄∫PŒfl PnUSP“ J∏ ¯©⁄∫ G®£i PnUS x¡[P ïi≤Æ ©ÿ÷Æ Ax G®£i CØUP®£hªıÆ Gfl£¯u® £ÿ‘ }[P“ ¬£µÆ ˜Pmhı¿ |ı[P“ £v¿ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. 8.1.5 ]”®¶ PnUSP“ âzu Si©UP“, Eh¿ F⁄ïÿ˜”ı∫ ©ÿ÷Æ G u®£iUPz ˆuõØıu |£∫P“ ˜£ıfl” G[PŒfl ]”®£ı⁄ ¡ıiU¯PØıÕ∫P–UPıP |ı[P“ ]”®£ı⁄ ©ÿ÷Æ ¡\vØı⁄ ﯔ∞¿ |h¡iU¯PP“ Gkzx“˜ÕıÆ. Cv¿ Em£mh¯¡ Czu¯PØ ¬sn®£uıµ∫P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ¡ıiU¯PØıÕ∫P–UPıP ¡\vØı⁄ £ıº]P“, vmh[P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ˜\¯¡P“. Ps£ı∫¯¡ C¿ªıu¡∫P“ / Cuµ¡¯P F⁄ïÿ˜”ı∫ A¡˜µı/A¡˜Õı ˜|õ¿ ¡[QUSÆ PnUS x¡[P ¬∏Æ¶Æ |£∏USÆ ˆuõ¢u J∏¡¯µ \ım]ØıP Ehfl Tmi¡¢uı¿ |ı[P“ PnUS x¡[P |¯hﯔ ©ÿ÷Æ Cuµ ¬vP“ ©ÿ÷Æ {£¢u¯⁄P¯Õ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. ˆ£ıx¡ıP Ps£ı∫¯¡ C¿ªıu¡∫P“ ©ÿ÷Æ G u®£iUPz ˆuõØıu¡∫P–US Pı˜\ı¯ª ¶zuP ¡\v AŒ®£v¿¯ª. G¤›Æ, ]¿ª¯” PhflP¯Õ, £ª ˜\¯¡ E£˜ØıP[P–UPı⁄ §¿P¯Õ S‘®§mh Pıª ˜¡¯ÕPŒ¿ ˆ\æzu E[P“ |ª¯⁄® £ıxPıUSÆ AÆ\[P“ Ehfl £õ^ºzx Pı˜\ı¯ª ¶zuPÆ ¡«[P P∏x˜¡ıÆ. 8.1.6. ïh[Q®˜£ı⁄/ ˆ\Ø¿£hıu PnUSP“ |ı[P“ E[P–US, A. }[P“ G®˜£ıx PnUS x¡[Q‹∫P“, E[P“ PnUS ïh[Q®˜£ı⁄/ ˆ\Ø¿£hıu PnUS BP E[P“ PnUS ¡¯P®£kzu®£mh Pıª¡µÆ¶ Gx G⁄U T÷˜¡ıÆ. E[P“ PnUS ïh[Q® ˜£ıSÆ / ˆ\Ø¿£hıu A¿ªx ˜Pıµ®£hıu PnUS BP ¡¯P®£kzu®£k¡uÿS âfl÷ ©ıu[P–US ïfl |ı[P“ E[P–US uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. ˜©æÆ Pmhn vmh ﯔ®£i Au¯⁄ ´skÆ ˆ\Ø¿£kzu Pmhn[P“ Em£h ©ÿ÷Æ ¬¯ÕƒP“ £ÿ‘ |ı[P“ E[P–US uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. B. }[P“ E[P“ PnU¯Pa ˆ\Ø¿£kzu ¬∏Ƨ⁄ı¿ |ı[P“ AuÿPıP® §fl£ÿ” ˜¡siØ |¯hﯔ¯Ø E[P–US ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ.
8.1.7. E[P“ PnU¯P ïizxU ˆPı“u¿ ˆ£ıx¡ı⁄ `Ã{¯ªPŒfl RÃ, |ı[P“ S¯”¢u£m\Æ 30 |ımP“ Pıª A¡Pı\Æ AŒUPı©¿ E[P“ PnU¯P ïiUP ©ım˜hıÆ. Azu¯PØ `«¿PŒfl Euıµn[P“ ""ˆ£ıx¡ı⁄¯¡'' A¿ª G⁄U P∏u®£kÆ PnU¯P ﯔØÿ” ¬uzv¿ ¯PØı“u¿ ïuºØ¯¡ BP C∏USÆ. Czu¯PØ A¯⁄zx ¬ÂØ[PŒæÆ, E[PÕı¿ HÿP⁄˜¡ ¡«[P®£mh Pı˜\ı¯ªP–US ©ıÿ÷ Hÿ£ıkP“ ˆ\¥Ø ˜¡siØx A¡]ØÆ ©ÿ÷Æ }[P“ Czu¯PØ PnUQ¿ G¢u ¶x Pı˜\ı¯ªP–Æ ˆPıkUP Thıx. 8.2. UŒØõ[ _«ÿ] PˆªUÂfl ˜\¯¡P“ |ı[P“, A. |ı[P“ E“—∫ Pı˜\ı¯ªP“ ©ÿ÷Æ ˆ¡Œ≥∫ Pı˜\ı¯ªP–UPı⁄ UŒØõ[ _«ÿ] £ÿ‘ E[P–USz uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®£xhfl, PˆªU›UPıP }[P“ \©∫®§zu Pı˜\ı¯ªP“, ¡¯µ˜Øı¯ªP“ ïuºØ¡ÿ÷US }[P“ G®˜£ıx £nÆ ˆ£”ªıÆ Gfl÷ ¬£µ[P¯Õ≤Æ ©ÿ÷Æ G[PÕx Pı˜\ı¯ª ˜\Põ®¶ ˆPı“¯P∞fl£i, uı©u©ı¡uÿPı⁄ ¡mi¯Ø }[P“ G®˜£ıx ˆ£”z uSv E¯hØ¡∫ Gfl÷Æ uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. B. |ı[P“ ˆ¡Œ≥∫ Pı˜\ı¯ªP–US Eh⁄iØıP Qˆµim AŒzuı¿, EõzuıSÆ ¬vP“ ©ÿ÷Æ {£¢u¯⁄P“ Em£h Ax £ÿ‘Ø ¬£µ[P¯Õ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. Auı¡x }[P“ PnUQ¿ ˆh£ı]m ˆ\¥x“Õ G¢u ¡¯PUS £nÆ ¡µƒ ¯¡UP®£kÆ, PnUSP“ v∏®vPµ©ıP CØUP®£kQ”uı ˜£ıfl”¡ÿ÷US ¬£µ[P“ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. C. G[PŒfl Pı˜\ı¯ª PˆªUÂfl ˆPı“¯P∞fl£i ˆ\Ø¿£k˜¡ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ }[P“ \©∫®§zu Pı˜\ı¯ª Gkzxa ˆ\¿ª®£kƘ£ıx ˆuı¯ª¢x ˜£ı⁄ı¿ J∏ Pı˜\ı¯ª |P¿ ˆ£” |ı[P“ A¯⁄zx Eu¬P–Æ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. D. }[P“ E[P“ PnU¯Pz x¡[SƘ£ıxÆ ©ÿ÷Æ }[P“ G®˜£ıx G[PŒhÆ ˜PmhıæÆ |ı[P“ ˜©ÿPsh uP¡¯ª AŒ®˜£ıÆ. G[P“ £ıº]∞¿ H˜u›Æ ©ıÿ”Æ C∏¢uı¿, ©ıÿ‘د©UP®£mh £ıº] G[P“ C¯nØuÕzvæÆ ©ÿ÷Æ G[PŒfl G¿ªı Q¯ÕPŒæÆ Pım]US ¯¡UP®£kÆ. 8.3. ˜µıUP £õ¡∫zu¯⁄P“ : |ı[P“ Pı˜\ı¯ªP“/ ˆµıUPÆ ˆ£ÿ÷UˆPı“˜¡ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ E[P“ PnUS £µı©õUP®£kÆ Chzvˆ¿ªıÆ Pƒsh∫PŒ¿ ˆµıUPÆ ¡«[S˜¡ıÆ. |ı[P“ A UPı⁄ / ]¯u¢u π£ı¥ ˜|ımkUP“ ©ÿ÷Æ/ A¿ªx ]÷ |ınØ[P“ ˆ£ÿ÷UˆPısk C¢vØ õ\∫∆ ¡[Q B¯nU S‘®¶PŒfl£i A¡ÿ¯” ©ıÿ‘z u∏˜¡ıÆ. ˜©ÿPsh £õ¡∫zu¯⁄P“ J∏ S‘®§mh ˆuı¯PUS ˜©¿ ˜£ı⁄ı¿ |ı[P“ E[P“ ¡∏©ı⁄¡õ A¯hØıÕ Am¯h Gs¯n ˆPıkUSÆ£i ˜PmPªıÆ. 8.3.1. ˜|µiU P»®¶P“ ©ÿ÷Æ {¯ªØı⁄ ˆ\Ø¿ S‘®¶P“ A. PnUS x¡[P®£kÆ ˜|µzv¿ ˜|µiU P»®¶P“/ {¯ªØı⁄ S‘®¶P“ G®£i ˆ\Ø¿£kQfl”⁄ ©ÿ÷Æ }[P“ A¡ÿ¯” G®£i £vƒ ˆ\¥¡x / µzx ˆ\¥¡x ©ÿ÷Æ A¯¡ \Æ£¢u©ı⁄ Pmhn[P“ Gfl⁄ Gfl£¯uU T÷˜¡ıÆ. §fl¡∏©ı÷ Pmhn[P“ ¬vUP®£kÆ. B. ˜|µiU P»®¶UPıP }[P“ ˆPıkzx“Õ Eõ¯© AvPıµ[P“ ´x ˆ\Ø¿£ku¿ (Auı¡x GªUmµı¤U UŒØõ[ \∫√Ï (D]GÏ) ©ÿ÷Æ Cuµ {¯ªØı⁄ S‘®¶P“). Eõ¯© AvPıµz¯ua ˆ\Ø¿£kzx¡v¿ Huı¡x uı©uÆ A¿ªx u¡÷ Hÿ£mhı¿, Aufl Pıµn©ıP £n |ËhÆ A¿ªx Tku¿ ˆ\ªƒ Hÿ£mhı¿ |ı[P“ ¡[Q∞fl |ËhDk £ıº]∞fl£i |ËhDk AŒ®˜£ıÆ. E[P“ PnUQ¿ ˜£ıvØ C∏®¶ C¿¯ª Gfl£ufl Pıµn©ıP Eõ¯© AvPıµÆ ˆ\Ø¿£kzu®£h ïiج¿¯ª G¤¿, |ı[P“ A∆¡®˜£ıx ©ıÿ‘ A¯©UP®£kÆ Pmhn vmh ﯔ®£i Pmhn[P“ ¬v®˜£ıÆ. C. |ı[P“ £nÆ ˆ\æzx£¡∏US J∏ Hˆ·flm BP ˆ\Ø¿£kÆ £m\zv¿, £nz¯u® ˆ£÷Æ |£∏US GªUmµı¤U UŒØõ[ \∫√Ï (D]GÏ) G¤¿ £nÆ ˆ\æzu®£kƘ£ıx J∏ ˆ\æzxu¿ S‘®¯£ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. D. J∏ ˜|µi P»®§fl Rà E[P“ PnUQº∏¢x A[RPıµÆ C¿ªıu ﯔ∞¿/ u¡÷uªıP £nÆ P»UP®£mk“Õx G⁄z w∫©ı¤UP®£kQ”x G¤¿, E[P“ PnUQ¿ ¡mi≤hfl Ax ´skÆ ˜\∫UP®£kÆ ©ÿ÷Æ ¡[Q∞fl |ËhDk® £ıº]∞fl£i E[P–US |ËhDk AŒUP®£kÆ. 8.4. £nz¯u ¡«[Pı©¿ {÷zxÆ ¡\v A. E[PÕı¿ ¡«[P®£kÆ Pı˜\ı¯ªP“ \Æ£¢u©ıP A¡ÿ÷US £nÆ ˆPıkUP®£hı©¿ {÷zxÆ S‘®¯£ Hÿ÷U ˆPı“˜¡ıÆ. E[P“ S‘®¶P“ Q¯hzu Ehfl
|ı[P“ AuÿS J®¶u¿ AŒzx¬mk, C¢u Pı˜\ı¯ªP“ G[PÕı¿ HÿP⁄˜¡ UŒØ∫ ˆ\¥Ø®£hı©¿ C∏¢v∏¢uı¿ Eh⁄i |h¡iU¯P Gk®˜£ıÆ. B. CuÿˆP⁄ HxÆ Pmhn[P“ C∏¢uı¿ A¡ÿ¯” ¬v®˜£ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ A¯¡ A∆¡®˜£ıx ©ıÿ‘ A¯©UP®£kÆ Pmhn® £miغ¿ ˜\∫UP®£kÆ. C. £nÆ AŒUP ˜¡shıÆ Gfl” S‘®¶P“ ˆ£”®£mh §fl, J∏ Pı˜\ı¯ªUS £nÆ AŒUP®£mi∏¢uı¿ |ı[P“ A¢u Pı˜\ı¯ª©v®¶USõØ £nz¯u E[P–US v∏®§ ¡«[S˜¡ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ ¡[Q∞fl |ËhDmk® £ıº]∞fl£i E[P–UP |ËhDk ¡«[P®£kÆ. 8.5. E[PÕı¿ ¡«[P®£kÆ Pı˜\ı¯ª/ P»®¶USõØ S‘®¶P“ |ı[P“ A. E[P“ PnUQº∏¢x GkUP®£kÆ A\¿ Pı˜\ı¯ªP“/ P»®¶ S‘®¶P¯Õ A¿ªx A¡ÿ‘fl |P¿P¯Õ A¿ªx C˜©‰P¯Õ \mh®£i ˜u¯¡®£kÆ PıªÆ ¡¯µ ¯¡zv∏®˜£ıÆ. B. E[P–US Pı˜\ı¯ª/ P»®¶ S‘®¯£ A¿ªx Aufl |P¯ª G[PŒfl ˆµPı∫kP“ Q¯hUSÆ ¡¯µ J∏ \ıfl”ıP |ı[P“ ¡«[S˜¡ıÆ. E[P“ PnUQº∏¢x £nÆ ¡«[P®£mh Pı˜\ı¯ª/ P»®¶ S‘®¶P“ £ÿ‘ Huı¡x ¬¡ıuÆ G ©ı⁄ı¿, A¢u ˜PıõU¯P J∏ BskUS“ G ®£®£mhı¿, G¢u PmhnïÆ ¬vUP®£hıx ©ÿ÷Æ J∏ BskUS ˜©¿ G¤¿ Pmhn[P“ Pmhnz vmh ﯔ®£i ¬vUP®£kÆ. C. |ı[P“ £nÆ ˆ\æzu®£hıu Pı˜\ı¯ªP“ ©ÿ÷Æ Aƒm&BL®&˜hm (ˆ\¿ªıu) Pı˜\ı¯ªP“ ¬¡Pıµzv¿ G®£i ˆ\¥¿£k˜¡ıÆ G⁄ E[P–US T÷˜¡ıÆ. PnUQ¿ C∏®¶ C¿¯ª Gfl” PıµnzxUPıP, £nÆ ¡«[P®£hı©¿ v∏®§ A›®£®£mh Pı˜\ı¯ªUS |ı[P“ PmhnÆ ¬v®˜£ıÆ. ¬vUP®£kÆ Pmhn[PŒfl ¬£µ[P“ A∆¡®˜£ıx ©ıÿ‘. A¯©UP®£kÆ Pmh⁄ vmhﯔ∞¿ Em£kzu®£kÆ. 8.6. Q¯Õ âh®£ku¿/©ıÿ”®£ku¿ |ı[P“ G[P“ Q¯Õ¯Ø âhz vmh™hı¿ A¿ªx G[P“ Q¯Õ¯Ø G[Pı¡x ©ıÿ‘⁄ı¿, |ı[P“ E[P–US A. E[P“ ˆ\flhõ¿ ˜¡÷ H˜u›Æ ¡[Q∞fl Q¯Õ CØ[P¬¿¯ª G¤¿ âfl÷ ©ıu[P“ ïfl⁄uıP ˜|ımjÏ AŒ®˜£ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ |ı[P“ E[P–US G®£i ˆuıh∫¢x ¡[Qa ˜\¯¡P“ AŒ®˜£ıÆ Gfl£¯u≤Æ T÷˜¡ıÆ. B. ˜¡÷ H˜u›Æ ¡[Q∞¿ Q¯Õ ˆ\Ø¿£kQ”x G¤¿ Cµsk ©ıu[P–US ïfl ˜|ımjÏ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. 8.7. PnUSuıµ∫P“ C”¢x¬mhı¿, w∫ƒU ˜PıõU¯PP“ w∫UP®£h¿ 8.7.1. PnUSuıµ∫P“ C”¢x¬mhı¿, PnUSP¯Õz w∫UP, |ı[P“ J∏ GŒØ |¯hﯔ¯Ø §fl£ÿ÷˜¡ıÆ. A. J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫ (©ÿ”¡∫P“)/ ¡ıõ_ E“Õ PnUSP“ \mh ¬v i) C”¢x˜£ı⁄ J∏ ˆh£ı]muıµõfl ˆh£ı]m PnUQ¿ A¢u ˆh£ı]mh∫ {Ø©⁄ ¡\v¯Ø® £Øfl£kzv C∏¢uı¿ ©ÿ÷Æ A¢u PnUS J∏ ˆ\¿æ£iØıSÆ ¡ıõ_ {Ø©⁄z¯u J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫ Gfl” \mh ¬v, (""Øı˜µ›Æ J∏¡∫ A¿ªx J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫'' A¿ªx ""G¢u J∏ |£∫ A¿ªx J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫'' A¿ªx ""uØ¡∫ A¿ªx J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫'' A¿ªx ""§¢¯uØ¡∫ A¿ªx J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫'') Ehfl x¡[P®£mi∏¢uı¿ ˆh£ı]mPnUQ¿ E“Õ ´x C∏®¶z ˆuı¯P C”¢x˜£ı⁄ ˆh£ı]m PnUSuıµõfl PnUQ¿ A¡µx C”®¶US §fl E“Õ ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∏US (©ÿ”¡∫P–US)/ ¡ıõ_US §fl¡∏£⁄¡ÿ¯”≤Æ ˆ£ı÷zx ¡«[P®£kÆ: J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡õfl (PŒfl)/ ¡ıõ]fl (¡ıõ_PŒfl) A¯hØıÕÆ ©ÿ÷Æ PnUSuıµõfl C”®¶UPı⁄ Es¯© {¯ª, uS¢u B¡n Buıµzxhfl {π§UP®£kQ”x G¤¿; ii) EõØ AvPıµï“Õ J∏ }v©fl”Æ, C”¢x˜£ı⁄¡õfl PnUQ¿ E“Õ £nz¯u ¡«[PU Thıx G⁄ u¯h B¯n HxÆ ¬vUP¬¿¯ª G¤¿ iii)C”¢x˜£ı⁄ ˆh£ı]muıµõfl \mhß∫¡ ¡ıõ_PŒfl J∏ iµÏi BP ¡[Q∞º∏¢x £nz¯u J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫(P“)/ ¡ıõ_ (¡ıõ_P“) ˆ£÷¡ı∫(P“) G⁄ ˆuŒ¡ıPz ˆuõ¬UP®£kÆ. Auı¡x A¡∏US ¡«[P®£kÆ £nÆ, Czu¯PØ £nz¯u® ˆ£÷Æ J∏¡µx C”®¶US §fl ©ÿˆ”ı∏¡∫(P“)/ ¡ıõ_ (¡ıõ_P“) ˜£ıfl˜”ı∏US GvµıP G¢u |£õfl Eõ¯© A¿ªx ˜PıõU¯P¯Ø® £ıvUPıx. 4
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Ph¯⁄ AvPõUSÆ ïfl¶ }[P“ A¯uz v∏®§a ˆ\æzu ïi≤©ı G⁄ ©v®§k˜¡ıÆ. G[PÕı¿ E[P–US Eu¡ ïiØı¬mhı¿, ¬sn®§zu Phfl ˆuı¯P π£ı¥ Cµsk ªm\[P–US AvP™¿¯ª G¤¿, Au¯⁄ ©÷®£uÿPı⁄ Pıµnz¯u (Pıµn[P¯Õ) G zx ß∫¡©ıPz ˆuõØ®£kzx˜¡ıÆ. E[P“ PhflP–UPıP |ı[P“ ]ªõh™∏¢x J∏ Ezuµ¡ıuÆ A¿ªx Cuµ §¯nØz¯u Hÿ÷UˆPı“Õ ˜¡skÆ G⁄ }[P“ ¬∏Ƨ⁄ı¿, Ezuµ¡ıuÆ A¿ªx C¢u §¯nØÆ AŒUSÆ |£∏US A¿ªx A¡∫PŒfl \mhß∫¡ B˜ªı\P∏US E[P“ £nÆ \Æ£¢u®£mh CµP]Ø uP¡¿P¯Õ AŒUP E[P“ A›©v¯Ø |ı[P“ ˜PmPªıÆ. ˜©æÆ |ı[P“ A. A¡∫PŒfl ˆ£ı÷®¯£ ¶õ¢xˆPı“¡¯u ©ÿ÷Æ A¡∫PŒfl w∫©ı⁄zuı¿ Hÿ£hUTiØ ¬¯ÕƒP¯Õ≤Æ (EõzuıSÆ Ch[PŒ¿, |ı[P“ A¡∫PŒhÆ ¯PˆØ zvhU ˜PmSÆ B¡n[PŒ¿ C¢u® £õ¢x¯µ J∏ ˆuŒ¡ı⁄ A‘¬®£ıP C∏USÆ) ¶õ¢x ˆPısh¯u E÷v®£kzxÆ ¬zv¿ _u¢vµ©ı⁄ \mh B˜ªı\¯⁄ ˆ£÷Æ£i A¡∫P¯Õ FUP®£kzx˜¡ıÆ. B. Ezuµ¡ıuÆ A¿ªx Cuµ §¯nØÆ AŒ®£uı¿ A¡∫P–UP £vªıP E[P¯Õ A¿ªx A¡∫P–Æ ˜\∫¢x ˆ£ı÷®¶US E“ÕıPªıÆ Gfl÷ T÷˜¡ıÆ. C. A¡∫PŒfl ˆ£ı÷®¶ Gfl⁄¡ıP C∏USÆ G⁄ |ı[P“ T÷˜¡ıÆ. 8.11.1. Phfl vmh[P“ PhflP–UPı⁄ ¬sn®£[P“ ©ÿ÷Æ A¡ÿ‘fl £õ^ª¯⁄: A. J∏ Ph¯⁄ ¡«[SƘ£ıx |ı[P“ EõzuıSÆ ¡mi ¬Qu[P“, A˜uık Th £õ^ª¯⁄UPı⁄ L•Ï/ Pmhn[P“ HxÆ C∏¢uı¿ A¯¡, ïfl⁄˜µ v∏®§a ˆ\æzx¡uÿPı⁄ ¬∏®£z ˜u∫ƒP“ ©ÿ÷Æ Pmhn[P“ HxÆ C∏¢uı¿ A¯¡ ©ÿ÷Æ Phfl ¡ı[S£¡õfl |ª¯⁄® £ıvUSÆ H˜u›Æ Cuµ ¬ÂØ[P“ C∏¢uı¿ |ı[P“ A¯¡ £ÿ‘z uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. Cuıfl¿ Cuµ ¡[QP“ Ehfl \õØı⁄ ¬zv¿ J®§mk }[P“ J∏ uP¡ª‘¢u w∫©ı⁄Æ ˆ\¥Ø ïi≤Æ. B. ˆ£ıx¡ıP Phfl ¬sn®£z¯u® £õ^ºUP, ˜u¯¡®£kÆ A¯⁄zx ¬ÂØ[P–Æ Ph›UPıP ¬sn®§USƘ£ı˜u G[PÕı¿ ˜\PõUP®£h i≤Æ. J∏ ˜¡¯Õ G[P–US Tku¿ uP¡¿ ˜u¯¡®£mhı¿, |ı[P“ E[P¯Õ Eh˜⁄ ˆuıh∫¶ ˆPı“˜¡ıÆ. C. |ı[P“ E[P–US Phfl ¡µÆ¶ ©ÿ÷Æ Cuµ ¬vP“ ©ÿ÷Æ {£¢u¯⁄P“ £ÿ‘ uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. D. }[P“ ˜Pıõ⁄ı¿, E[PÕı¿ ß∫zv ˆ\¥x AŒUP®£mh A¯⁄zx Phfl B¡n[PŒfl ˆ©¥®§UP®£mh |P¿P¯Õ A˜uık Phfl B¡nzv¿ }[P“ S‘®§mk“Õ C¯n®¶PŒfl J∆ˆ¡ıfl‘fl |P¯ª≤Æ |ı[P“ G[P“ ˆ\ª¬¿ u∏˜¡ıÆ. E. Phfl ¡«[SÆ ¬ÂØzv¿ |ı[P“ £ıº⁄Æ, ·ıv ©ÿ÷Æ ©uÆ Gfl” Ai®£¯h∞¿ £ıµ£m\©ıP |h¢x ˆPı“Õ ©ım˜hıÆ. B⁄ı¿ \âPzvfl £ªuµ®£mh ©UP–UPı⁄ vmh[P¯Õ E∏¡ıUS¡v¿, £[˜Pÿ£v¿ C∏¢x Cx G[P¯Õ ¬ªUPıx. F. Phfl ¡ı[QØ¡õh™∏¢x A¿ªx J∏ ¡[Q∞º∏¢x/ {v A¯©®§º∏¢x Phfl ¡ı[QØ ˆuı¯P¯Ø ©ıÿ”U ˜Pı∏Æ ˜PıõU¯P¯Ø |ı[P“ ˆ£ıx¡ı⁄ ¬uzv¿ £õ^º®˜£ıÆ. 8.12. Ezuµ¡ıuÆ }[P“ J∏ Ph›US Ezuµ¡ıuÆ ˆPık®£¡µıP BPªı©ı G⁄ P∏xƘ£ıx, |ı[P“ E[P–US T÷˜¡ıÆ. A. J∏ Ezuµ¡ıuÆ ˆPık®£¡µıP E[P“ ˆ£ı÷®¶ £ÿ‘. B. ¡[QUS E[PŒfl ˆ£ı÷®¶ Gfl⁄ Gfl£x £ÿ‘. C. E[PŒfl ˆ£ı÷®¶UPıP |ı[P“ E[P¯Õ A¯«UP ˜u¯¡®£kÆ `«¿P“ £ÿ‘ D. }[P“ J∏ Ezuµ¡ıuÆ ˆPık®£¡µıP £nz¯u ˆ\æzuz u¡‘⁄ı¿, ¡[Q∞¿ E“Õ E[PŒfl Cuµ £nz¯u |ıh ˜¡si∞∏US©ı Gfl£x £ÿ‘. E. J∏ Ezuµ¡ıvØıP E[P“ ˆ£ı÷®¶ S‘®§mh Pıª¡µÆ¶US ©mkÆuı⁄ı A¿ªx AuÿS Pıª¡µÆ¶ HxÆ Q¯hØıuı Gfl£x £ÿ‘. F. J∏ Ezuµ¡ıuÆ ˆPık®£¡∫ G¤¿ E[P“ ˆ£ı÷®¶UP¯Õ ß∫zv ˆ\¥Ø ˜¡siØ ˜|µÆ ©ÿ÷Æ `«¿P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ¬uÆ £ÿ‘≤Æ T÷¡˜uık Ax£ÿ‘ E[P–USz uP¡æÆ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. }[P“ Ezuµ¡ıuÆ ˆPık®£uÿS ˆ£ı÷®˜£ÿ÷“Õ |£õfl {v {¯ª¯©∞¿ ˜©ı\©ı⁄ ©ıÿ”Æ/ ©ıÿ”[P“ C∏¢uı¿ |ı[P“ E[P–USz uP¡⁄¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. 8.13. ˆ£ıx uP¡¿ |ı[P“: A. Ph›US / Qˆµim Pı∫kP“ J®¶u¿ £ÿ‘z uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬USƘ£ıx EõzuıSÆ L•Ï ©ÿ÷Æ 5
Pmhn[P“ Ehfl G[PŒfl Phfl ©ÿ÷Æ Qˆµim Pı∫k vmh[PŒfl ïUQØ AÆ\[P“ £ÿ‘ |ı[P“ ¬ÕUP©ı⁄ uP¡¿ AŒ®˜£ıÆ B. }[P“ ¬sn®§UP uSvØıP E[PŒh™∏¢x G[P–US Gfl⁄ uP¡¿/B¡nÆ ˜u¯¡ G⁄ |ı[P“ E[P–USz ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. ˜©æÆ E[P“ A¯hØıÕÆ, ïP¡õ, ˜¡¯ª \Æ£¢u©ıP G[P–US Gfl⁄ B¡nÆ ˜u¯¡ Gfl£¯u≤Æ ©ÿ÷Æ \mh ©ÿ÷Æ ˆ|‘ ﯔz ˜u¯¡U˜Pÿ£ \mhß∫¡ AvPıµ A¯©®¶P–UPıP ˜¡÷ H˜u›Æ B¡nÆ (E.Æ. ¡∏©ı⁄¡õ A¯hØıÕ Am¯h ¬£µ[P“) ˜u¯¡®£k©ı Gfl£¯u≤Æ |ı[P“ E[P–US ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. C. E[P“ Qˆµim Pı∫k ¬sn®£v¿ E[PÕı¿ S‘®§h®£mk“Õ ¬£µ[P¯Õa \õ£ı∫UP, E[P¯Õ E[P“ √mi¿ ©ÿ÷Æ/ A¿ªx ¬Øı£ıµ ˆuı¯ª˜£] GsPŒ¿ ©ÿ÷Æ / A¿ªx E[P“ √mkUS / A¿ªx ¬Øı£ıµ ïP¡õUS, CuÿPıP˜¡ {Ø™UP®£mk“Õ G[P“ Hˆ·fl]P“ âªÆ, C∆¡ı÷ G[P–USz ˜u¯¡®£kÆ £m\zv¿ ˆuıh∫¶ ˆPısk ¬\ıõ®˜£ıÆ. D. |ı[P“ E[P–US J∏ K¡∫ iµıL®m AŒzuı¿, A¿ªx E[P“ uÿ˜£ı¯uØ K¡∫ iµıL®m ¡µÆ§¿ K∫ AvPõ®¶ AŒzuı¿, E[P“ K¡∫ iµıL®m ˜Pıµ®£kƘ£ıx A¿ªx ˜¡÷ ¬uzv¿ v∏®§a ˆ\æzu®£h ˜¡sk©ı G⁄U T÷˜¡ıÆ. ˜©æÆ ˜u¯¡®£mhı¿ |ı[P“ AvP©ıP GkUP®£mh ˆuı¯P¯ØU PnUQkÆ ï¯” ©ÿ÷Æ £ıUQ≤“Õ Phfl ˆuı¯PUPı⁄ ¡mi PnURk ˜£ıfl”¯¡ £ÿ‘≤Æ uP¡¿ ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. 8.14. Qˆµim Pı∫k 8.14.1. ˆ£ıx uP¡¿ A. }[P“ Pı∫kUPıP ¬sn®§USƘ£ıx, |ı[P“ L•ÏP“ ©ÿ÷Æ ¡mi Pmhn[P“, §¿º[ ©ÿ÷Æ ˆ\æzxu¿, £ıUQ¯ØU PnUQkÆ ï¯”, ¶x®§zu¿ ©ÿ÷Æ ïizxU ˆPı“u¿ |¯hﯔP“ G⁄ \Æ£¢u®£mh ¬vP“ ©ÿ÷Æ {£¢u¯⁄P¯Õ ¬ÕUS¡˜uık, }[P“ Pı∫¯h CØUPz ˜u¯¡®£kÆ Cuµ uP¡¿P¯Õ≤Æ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. B. }[P“ J∏ vmhz¯u / ˜\¯¡¯Ø® ˆ£÷Ƙ£ıx/ ¬sn®§USƘ£ıx |ı[P“ G[PŒfl CªUPı⁄ ˜u¯¡®£kÆ ˜|µÆ £ÿ‘ E[P–USz ˆuõ¬®˜£ıÆ. C. ¬£µ©ıP ¬vP“ ©ÿ÷Æ {£¢u¯⁄P“, E[P“ Pı∫k ˆuı¯ª¢x˜£ı⁄ı¿, u¡”ıP® £Øfl£kzu®£mhı¿ E[P“ PnUQ¿ Hÿ£kÆ |Ëh[P–US }[P“ ˆ£ı÷®£ıSÆ {¯ª ©ÿ÷Æ E[P“ Pı∫¯h £Øfl£kzx¡x \Æ£¢u©ı⁄ Cuµ uP¡¿ Ehfl E[P“ \∫√Ï ¯Pk/ ˆ©Æ£∫ ¶zuPu¯u≤Æ A˜uık E[PŒfl ïu¿ Pı∫¯h≤Æ A›®¶˜¡ıÆ. D. }[P“ E[P“ Pı∫kUPı⁄ A‘U¯P∞¿ S‘®§mk“Õ J∏ £õ¡∫zu¯⁄¯Ø Hÿ÷UˆPı“Õ ©ımj∫P“ G¤¿, |ı[P“ }[P“ ˜PmSÆ£m\zv¿ E[P–US Tku¿ ¬¡µ[P“ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. ]ª `«¿PŒ¿, |ı[P“ E[P“ P∏z¯u HÿP¬¿¯ª G¤¿, }[P“ ˜P“¬ G ®¶Æ ¬¡ıuzxUSõØ £õ¡∫zu¯⁄US \ıfl÷ AŒ®˜£ıÆ. 8.14.2. Qˆµim Pı∫k / §fl ¡«[Su¿ A. }[P“ AŒzu u£ı¿ ïP¡õ ©ıÿ÷ ïP¡õUS (G[PÕı¿ u£ı¿ ïP¡õUS A›®£®£h ïiج¿¯ª G¤¿) ©mk˜© |ı[P“ E[P“ QˆµimPı∫¯h/ §fl&I A›®¶˜¡ıÆ. CuÿS ©ıÿ”ıP, }[P“ ¬∏Ƨ⁄ı¿ |ı[P“ E[P“ Qˆµim Pı∫¯h/§fl&I G[P“ Q¯ÕPŒ¿ ˆhº¡õ ˆ\¥˜¡ıÆ. B. Qˆµim Pı∫k ¡«[P®£h E[P“ ¬£µ[P¯Õ £õ^ºzu§fl uS¢ux G⁄ |ı[P“ P∏v⁄ı¿, |ı[P“ i&BUi˜¡m (£Ø⁄£kzu uØı∫ {¯ª∞¿ C¿ªıux) Qˆµim Pı∫¯h ¡«[PªıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ Azu¯PØ i&BUi˜¡hm Pı∫k }[P“ ˆ\Ø¿£kzu ˜¯¯¡≤“Õ |h¡iU¯PP¯Õ Gkzu§fl ©ÿ÷Æ S‘®§h®£kÆ Cuµ {£¢u¯⁄P¯Õ® ˆ£ı÷zx ©mk˜© ˆ\Ø¿£hz x¡[SÆ. C. E[PŒfl J®¶u¿ Ehfl ©mk˜© |ı[P“ E[P“ Pı∫k ´x Phfl/ Qˆµim ¡\v/ Qˆµim ¡µÆ¯£ AvPõzu¿ ˆ\¥˜¡ıÆ. D. §fl (ˆ£∫\⁄¿ IˆhfliL§˜PÂfl |Æ£∫) G®˜£ıx JxUP®£mhıæÆ \õ, |ı[P“ A¯u E[P“ u£ı¿ ïP¡õUS u¤ØıP A›®§ ¯¡®˜£ıÆ. 8.14.3. Qˆµim Pı∫k A‘U¯PP“ A. E[P“ Qˆµim Pı∫k PnU¯P {∫¡QUP ©ÿ÷Æ Qˆµim Pı∫k £Øfl£kzv ˆ\¥Ø®£mh ˆPı“ ïu¿P“ / £nÆ Gkzu¿ ¡¯µ \õ£ı∫UP, |ı[P“ ©ıuı¢vµ u£ı¿ ¡»ØıP˜¡ı A¿ªx }[P“ ¬∏Ƨ⁄ı¿ Cflh∫ˆ|m ⪩ıP˜¡ı Qˆµim Pı∫k £õ¡∫zu¯⁄ ¬£µ[P¯Õ® ˆ£” Cª¡\©ıP ¡\v
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