Talk, Action, Silence, Interruption And Their Implications In Buginese Society (soppeng Regency)

TALK, ACTION, SILENCE, INTERRUPTION AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN BUGINESE SOCIETY (SOPPENG REGENCY) ANDI ASRIFAN – KURAN PUASA – AGUS SARY HENY – HADRAH NUR

Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Program Studi Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris Universitas Negeri Makassar

Abstract This paper aims to study about talk, action, silence, interruption and their implications in Buginese society especially Soppeng regency Analytical method done is to analyze the historical of Buginese Language by seeing, interview and analyze to how buginese society in Soppeng to talk, action, silence, interruption. Keywords: Brief historical of Buginese Language and society, Talk, action, silence, interruption, Nonverbal communication. Resopa Temmangngingi Makkuraga Temmappettu Naletei Pammase Puang Allahu Taala 1. Introduction According To Chambers and Trudgill (1980), the language composes by a group of dialect that is interconnected each other. Buginese Language also recognized as Basa Ugi or Ugi. This language is applied by ethnic of Bugis in South Sulawesi, and Bahasa Indonesia is used as a National Language. According To Wikipedia Indonesia (Bugis Wikipedia, 2006), This language spread over extends around in South Sulawesi and its surroundings Maros, Pangkep, Barru, Pinrang, Enrekang, Majene, Luwu, Bone, Sinjai, Bulukumba, and Bantaeng. Their native amount to 4 million people that is most of them is in South Sulawesi and Malaysia. 1 | Page

According To Rhiza S. Sadjad (2005), philosophy of UNHAS in graduate program express that Buginese Language is not creation or made in Buginese Society. Buginese Language actually comes from clump of Austronesia, Melayu- west Polynesia. Buginese society has traditional writing named aksara Lontara ( Bugis wikipedia, 2006). Examples of Lontara and alphabet: Consonant Lontara

Lontara is original alphabetic applied by Bugis-Makassar societies. The original Alphabetic do not assimilate or not to mention receiving cultural influence and external element, including India is Sanskrit and Islam is Jawi. According to Prof Mattulada, the form of Lontara Alphabetic comes from "Sulapa Eppa Wala Suji". Wala suji comes from words “wala” = pemisah/pagar/penjaga and suji = putri. Wala Suji is conspecific of bamboo fence in event of ritual which is in the form of rhomb. Sulapa eppa (four sides) be mystical form of trust of classic Bugis-Makassar to symbolize for universe, fire-water-wind-ground. 2. What are talk, action, silence and interruption?

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Talk is to utter words; esp., to converse familiarly; to speak, as in familiar discourse, when two or more persons interchange thoughts. (Anonym: 2009c). Juergen Haas (2009) define talk is a communication program which copies lines from one terminal to the terminal of another user. Anonym (2009a) stated that action is a process or condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest; the doing of something; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another; agency; activity; operation; as, the action of heat; a man of action. Anonym (2009e) stated that silence as the state of being silent; entire absence of sound or noise; absolute stillness. The other explanation are forbearance from, or absence of, speech; taciturnity; muteness; Secrecy; as, these things were transacted in silence. Anonym (2009d) shown that silence are: –

The state of being silent (as when no one is speaking); "there was a shocked silence"; "he gestured for silence"

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The absence of sound; "he needed silence in order to sleep"; "the street was quiet"

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Hush: cause to be quiet or not talk; "Please silence the children in the church!"

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Muteness: a refusal to speak when expected; "his silence about my contribution was surprising"

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Keep from expression, for example by threats or pressure; "All dissenters were silenced when the dictator assumed power"

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Secrecy: the trait of keeping things secret Anonym (2003) stated that Interruption are the act of interrupting, or

breaking in upon; obstruction caused by breaking in upon course, current, progress, or motion; stop; hindrance; as, the author has met with many interruptions in the execution of his work; the speaker or the argument

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proceeds without interruption; temporary cessation; intermission; suspension. Anonym (2009b) defined interruption: –

In computing, an interrupt is an asynchronous signal from hardware indicating the need for attention or a synchronous event in software indicating ...

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Interrupted - discontinued temporarily; "we resumed the interrupted discussion"

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Interrupted - fitful: intermittently stopping and starting; "fitful (or interrupted) sleep"; "off-and-on static"

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This is an attack on availability

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Discontinuous; in an inflorescence, having clusters of flowers interspersed with bare areas of stem.

3. Buginese language

3.1 History The word Buginese derives from the word Bahasa Bugis in Malay. In Buginese, it is called Basa Ugi while the Bugis people are called To Ugi. Ugi in Buginese means The First King which refers to the first king of the ancient Bugis kingdom, Cina. Little is known about the early history of this language due to the lack of written records. The earliest written record of this language is Sureq Galigo, the epic creation myth of the Bugis people. Another written source of Buginese is Lontara, a term which refers to the traditional script and historical record as well. However the earliest historical record of Lontara dates to around the 17th century and cannot be accepted as a reliable source of history since it was influenced by myths. Prior to the Dutch arrival in the 18th century, a missionary, B.F. Matthews, translated the bible into Buginese, which made him the first European to acquire knowledge of the language. He was also one of the first Europeans to master Makassarese. The dictionaries and grammar

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books compiled by him and the literature and folk fore texts he published remain basic sources of information about both languages. Upon colonization by the Dutch, a number of Bugis fled from their home area of South Sulawesi seeking a better life. This led to the existence of small groups of Buginese speakers throughout the Malay Archipelago. The Bugis still distinguish themselves according to their major precolony states (Bone, Wajo, Soppeng and Sidenreng) or groups of petty states (around Pare-Pare, Sinjai and Suppa.) The languages of these areas, with their relatively minor differences from one another, have been largely recognized by linguists as constituting dialects: recent linguistic research has identified eleven of them, most comprising two or more subdialects. These are part of the list of Buginese dialect: Bone (Palakka, Dua Boccoe, Mare), Pangkep (Pangkajane), Camba, Sidrap (Sidenreng, North Pinrang, Alitta), Pasangkayu (Ugi Riawa), Sinjai (Enna, Palattae, Bulukumba), Soppeng (Kessi), Wajo, Barru (Pare-Pare, Nepo, Soppeng Riaja, Tompo, Tanete), Sawitto (Pinrang), Luwuk (Luwuk, Bua Ponrang, Wara, Malangke-Ussu). 3.2 Dialects and sub-dialects

The Bugis still distinguish themselves according to their major precolony states (Bone, Wajo, Soppeng and Sidenreng) or groups of petty states (around Pare-Pare, Sinjai and Suppa.) The languages of these areas, with their relatively minor differences from one another, have been largely recognized by linguists as constituting dialects: recent linguistic research has identified eleven of them, most comprising two or more subdialects. These are part of the list of Buginese dialect:Bone (Palakka, Dua Boccoe, Mare), Pangkep (Pangkajane), Camba, Sidrap (Sidenreng, North Pinrang, Alitta), Pasangkayu (Ugi Riawa), Sinjai (Enna, Palattae, Bulukumba), Soppeng (Kessi), Wajo, Barru (Pare-Pare, Nepo, Soppeng

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Riaja, Tompo, Tanete), Sawitto (Pinrang), Luwuk (Luwuk, Bua Ponrang, Wara, Malangke-Ussu).

4. How does Buginese society to talk, action, silence and interruption?

Talk: In habitual, former society in Buginese respects in communicating. Especially, parents and children. They are educated to apply languages to communicate politely. For instance: iye ' puang” as an expression in Buginese Society. It is also influenced by dialect which explained above. Buginese ociety in Sidrap Regency of course harshly to communicate each other compared Bone, soppeng and Wajo. Their style to talk is influenced by the area where they live, nature and society where they reside. Silence: Silence has different interpretation in Buginese society that explained as follows: A. Educational environment:

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They understand

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They do not understand

B. Family environment –

Annoyed or angry. Sometime these expressions appear when the parents are bored to advice their children.

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Agree. This one is often met at the girl personality, when someone comes to propose marriage to her and her parents ask her about it, if the girl is only silence and smile, it means she agree.

C. Society environment –

Mad or has disparity of mental and spiritual

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Intellectual or leader. In Buginese sometime called " Malebbi"

Interruption: 6 | Page

Interrupt has become absorption in Buginese Language. But, there are some disagreement expression expressed as follows: –

Aga saba’na nariaseng …? / Why is it called …? (see the CD)

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Uanseng iya … / I think …

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De’kapang namakkoro … / may be it is wrong …

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Aja’jolo assimaturusi ada sisumpengetta …/ do not concur our agreement …

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Salapahakki … aga tapuada/ you misunderstand … what do you say

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Ta rengnga waktu maelo makkutana … / give me time please, I want to enquire

5. Talk, action, silence and interruption and Nonverbal communication

Actually, there are many expression of Talk, action; silence and interruption in Buginese society are signed as Nonverbal communication. Whenever we perceive information that is not written or spoken, we comprehend something that is nonverbal. Humans have the capability of receiving information besides what is written or spoken. Our senses of touch, taste, seeing, hearing, smells, signs, symbols, colors, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and intuition are the primary sources of the non-verbal messages we receive. It is a silent language not formally taught, and which has existed before language was invented. The only humans who do not have the capacity for perceiving non-verbal communication are those who are autistic. One of the foremost experts of autism is Simon Baron-Cohen who teaches at Trinity College in England. She says: It’s a developmental disability that begins in childhood with the inability to put yourself in someone else’s shoes and see the world from someone’s else’s perspective; but also the inability to figure out what they might be thinking. So these children literally cannot interpret what a frown or raised eyebrow might mean. Calero, Hendry H (2005, P.161) state that the nonverbal world is full of signs, symbols and colors that many people take for granted. The number of signs you see during the course of a single day is vast. They identify groups, 7 | Page

organizations, products, companies, etc.; they range from the explicit to the subliminal. But, conditioned to look and listen for words, we pay less attention to signs and symbols. That’s bad, because nonverbal signs can be so much more efficient than words. A key element to mastering nonverbal communication is distinguishing between symbols and signs: a. A sign is an event or thing that directs attention or is indicative of other events or things. Essentially, anything that represents something else is a sign. b. A symbol represents something in an arbitrary way. The connection between signifier and signified depends entirely on the observer—it may have a different meaning or no meaning to anyone else. Symbols are subjective, established either by social convention or by habit Philosophically, symbols are a subset of signs. But, in the history of nonverbal communication, symbols are more important (because, frankly, signs are more often verbal). Symbols are older than words. In fact, they are the forefathers of words. The earliest form of writing—the pictograms of ancient Egypt and China—were signs, pictures representing objects. These were gradually replaced by more stylized symbols called ideograms, which remain the basis of Chinese and other Asian languages today. The symbols that make up the characters of modern Asian languages not longer look so literally like the things they represent. But their origins were in pictures. Calero, Hendry H (2005, P.162-163)

6. Conclusion

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a. Buginese language is applied by ethnic of Bugis in South Sulawesi, and

Bahasa Indonesia is used as a National Language. Chambers and Trudgill (1980) b. Talk, silence, action and interruption are the forms of communication

which each tribe surely differed. Makassarnese of course differs in talking, silence, action and interruption compared Buginese has. References Anonym. 2003. Interruption (Online), (http://knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Interruption / retrieved April 30, 2009) Anonym. 2006. Bugis (http://www.brainyquote.com/words/si/silence219647.html April 30, 2009)

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(Online), retrieved

Anonym. 2009a. Definition of Action (Online), (http://www.brainyquote.com/words/ac/action127132.html/ retrieved April 30, 2009) Anonym. 2009b. Definition of Interruption (Online), (http://www.google.co.id/search?hl=id&defl=en&q=define:interruption&e i=5I_5ScaqBo2BkQX6wdTsBA&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title/ retrieved April 30, 2009) Anonym. 2009c. Definition of thought (Online), (http://www.brainyquote.com/words/ac/action127132.html/ retrieved April 30, 2009) Anonym. 2009d. Definition of silence (Online), (http://www.google.co.id/search?hl=id&defl=en&q=define:silence&ei=BJ D5Sc3REdeCkQWrvLnpBA&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title/ retrieved April 30, 2009) Anonym. 2009e. What is silence? (http://www.brainyquote.com/words/si/silence219647.html April 30, 2009)

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(Online), retrieved

Calero, Hendry H. 2005. The power of Nonverbal communication: how you act is more important than what you say. Silver Lake Publishing. 111 East Wishkah Street Chamber, J.K. dan P.Trudgill (1980). Dialectology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hudson, Richard Anthony. 1980. Sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press Juergen Haas. 2009. Talk (Online), (http://www.tldp.org/LDP/LinuxDictionary/html/index.html/ retrieved April 30, 2009)

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