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4.2 NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES LP 32 RATIONALE Conventional energy sources are depleting day by day. Before we face the alarming deterioration, non-conventional energy sources should be harnessed. Non-conventional energy sources like solar, wind, bio-gas etc. should be used to the extent possible. A diploma holder in Agricultural Technology must know various types of non-conventional energy sources gadgets and their use and maintenance. Hence this subject. DETAILED CONTENTS 1. Introduction (3 hrs) Conventional and Non conventional sources of energy. Need, importance and scope of non conventional and alternate energy resources. 2. Biogas and Bio-mass (15 hrs) Bio-gas, Benefits of bio-gas. Technology of biogas. Principles, feedstock, types and design of biogas plants, comparison of designs. Main parts of biogas plants, digester, gas holder, pressure gauge, gas controlling cocks and meter. Selection of biogas model and size. Site selection of biogas plants. Appliances of biogas plant - burner, heating plate, lamps. Operation, trouble shooting and maintenance of biogas plant. Safety measures in biogas plant. Introduction to biomass and farm residue, management and briquetting. 3. Wind Energy Technology (6 hrs) 3.1. Introduction, scope and significance. 3.2. Type and constructional details of windmill - vertical and horizontal axis. Data required for windmill installation such as meterological data, geohydrological, agricultural and socio- economic data. Site selection of windmill. Maintenance and performance of windmill. 4. Solar Energy Technology (12 hrs) Introduction, significance of solar energy, solar spectral and green house effect. Principles of thermal collection and storage. Comparison of flat type collector and concentration or focussing type collectors. Introduction to SPV module, its principle and applications. 86 5. Solar Thermal Systems (6 hrs) Operation, constructional details and maintenance of solar cooker, solar water heater, solar still, solar water pump, SPV system, solar crop dryer etc. 6. Energy Conservation (6 hrs) 6.1. Principles of energy conservation. Familiarization with the different energy conservation appliances and practices, improved cooking stoves, benefits of improved cooking stoves over the traditional cooking stoves. 6.2. Scope of energy conservation in the domestic, commercial and agricultural sector. Visits Visits should be made to following places: - Solar energy appliances manufacturing units. - Energy parks/ Schools of energy at Agricultural Universities.

- Community/ Institutional biogas plants. LIST OF PRACTICALS 1. Demonstration/study of solar cooker 2. Demonstration/study of solar water distillation 3. Demonstration/study of solar water heater 4. Demonstration/study of solar photovoltic lighting system 5. Demonstration/study of water pumping system 6. Visit to biogas plants, domestic community/institution for study and demonstration of biogas plants 7. Demonstration/study of the working of a windmill 8. Study of energy saving appliances and their applications LIST OF BOOKS 1. Advance in Biogas Technology by O.P.Chawla; Publications & Information Div. 1 CAR, New Delhi. 2. Solar Energy by S.P.Sukhatme; Tata McGraw-hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. 3. Solar Energy Utilization by G.D.Rai; Khanna Publishers, New Delhi. 87 4. Bio Gas Technology by K.C.Khandelwal & S.S. Mahdi; Tata McGraw-hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. 5. Biomass Energy by OECD; Oxford & IBH Publication Co. 6. Wind Energy For water Pumping by Srivastava; Oxford & IBH Publication Co. 7. Cook Stoves For Masses by N.S.Grewal; PAU Ludhiana. 8. Energy in Agricultural Engineering by ISAE; Jain Brothers, Delhi. 9. Non Conventional Energy Sources by G.D.Rai; Khanna Publishers,New Delhi. 10. Renewable & Conventional Energy by S. Rao.

5.4(b) Elective-II NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES LTP 4-RATIONALE Energy is a crucial input in the process of economic, social and industrial development. High energy consumption has traditionally been associated with higher quality of life, which in turn is related to Gross National Project ( GNP). Since the conventional energy resources are under depletion, it is high time to tape the non conventional energy sources. The electrical diploma holder will have to face this challenges in future life. Therefore this subject is offered in diploma programme for future benefit. DETAILED CONTENTS 1. Introduction: (6 hrs)

Importance of Non conventional sources of energy, Present Scenario, Future Prospects, Economic Criteria 2. Solar Energy: (10 hrs) Physical Principal of the conversion of Solar radiation into heat, Photovoltaic cell, Electricity generation, Solar water heaters, Solar Furnaces, Solar cookers, Solar Stills solar pumping. 3. Hydro Energy: (8 hrs) Hydro-electric Power Plants, Mini and Micro hydro-electric power generation. Magneto Hydro Dynamic (MHD) Power Generation. 4. Bio-energy: ( 8 hrs) Bio-mass Conversion Technologies- wet and dry processes. Methods for obtaining energy from Biomass. Power Generation by using gassifiers 5. Wind Energy: (6 hrs) Wind Energy Conversion, Wind mills, Electricity generation from windTypes of wind mills, local control, energy storage 6. Geo-thermal and Tidal Energy: ( 10 hrs) Geo-thermal sources, Ocean thermal electric conversion, open and closed cycles, hybrid cycles. Prime movers for geo-thermal energy conversion. Steam Generation and electricity generation. 7. Chemical Energy Sources: ( 10 hrs) Design and operating principles of a fuel cell, conversion efficiency, work output and emf of fuel cells, applications storage battery characteristics, types, applications, maintenance of batteries. 111 8. Thermo Electric Power: ( 6 hrs) Basic principle, performance analysis of thermo electric power generation, thermoelectric materials and their application. RECOMMENDED BOOKS : 1. Solar Energy – Principles of thermal collection and Storage SP Sukhatme, Tata McGraw Hill Publication, New Delhi. 2. Solar Energy Utilization; GD Rai ; Khanna Publishers, New Delhi. 3. Reviews of Renewable Energy Sources, Vol. 3, Edited by MS. Sodha, S.S. Mathur, MAS Malik, TC Kandpal ; Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.

4. Renewable Energy Sources and Conversion Technology by NK Bansal,Manfred Kleemann, Michael Meliss, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd New Delhi. 5. Energy Today and Tomorrow; Maheshwar Dayal; Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, New Delhi. 6. Energy Technology (non-conventional, renewable and conventional) by S Rao and BB Parulekar, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi

EE404 Energy Resources & Generation Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme

: 04 L + 01 T Total 05 : 15 CT1 + 15 CT2 +10 TA+ 60 ESE

Credit : 05 Total Marks :100

Thermal and Hydro Power plant: Selection of site, working of various parts: Economizer, air preheater, condenser, cooling tower, coal handling system, ash handling system, Classification of hydro power plant according to available head, nature of load, functions of different components and their working. Nuclear and Diesel Power plant: Methods of producing nuclear reactions, functions of different components of nuclear plant, functions of different components of diesel plant Solar Energy and its measurement: Solar constants, solar radiation at earth’s surface, solar radiation geometry, solar radiation measurement, estimation of average solar radiation, solar radiation on tilted surface, principle of solar energy conversion in to heat, flat plate collectors, energy balance equation and collector efficiency Fuel cells: Chemistry applied to fuel cells, principle and operation ,classification and types of fuel cells, performance characteristics of fuel cells, classification of fuel cells system Wind Energy: Basic principle of wind energy conversion, wind data and energy estimation, selection of site, basic components of wind energy conversion system (WECS), classification of WEC systems, generating system, energy storage, application of wind energy. Ocean and tidal energy: Ocean energy resources, ocean energy routes, ocean thermal energy conversion, progressive wave, wave data collection, Basic principle of tidal power, components of tidal power plants, operation methods of utilization of tidal energy, estimation of power and energy in simple single basin tidal system Other non- conventional energy resources: Operating principle of energy from biomass, energy from biogas, geothermal energy, MHD power generation, energy from urban and rural waste, mini and micro hydroelectric power generation, principle and operation of fuel cells, classification and types of fuel cells, performance characteristics of fuel cells.

Textbooks: 1. 2.

Conventional Energy Technology ByS.B.Pandya, Non Conventional Energy Resources ByG.D.Rai,

Tata Mc-GrawHill 2005 Khanna Publishers 2001

Reference book: 1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

Energy and Atmosphere Solar Energy Conventional Energy Resourses http://www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/ www.ocw.mit.edu

Code EE35

By I.M.Campbell, By S.P.Sukhatme, By B.H.Khan,

Wiley, New York 2006 Tata Mc-GrawHill 2006 Tata Mc-GrawHill 2003

Name of Paper NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES

Lecture Tutorial Practical 3 2/2 -

RATIONALE The conventional sources of energy are depleting day by day and will not be sufficient to meet the future demand of energy. Therefore, there is a need for generation of energy by using non-conventional sources. With this in view diploma holders should be conversant with basic knowledge and practical applications of non-conventional sources of energy in rural, cottage and small industries. For rural development it is desirable to ensure the living conditions of the people in villages. For this purpose technology transfer to meet the rural needs, with the facilities available is essential, i.e. appropriate technology.

CONTENTS 1. Sources of Energy : 1.1 Different sources 1.2 Application of sources with reference to Rajasthan 2. Solar Energy : 2.1 Application 2.2 Unit of solar power and solar energy 2.3 Historical review and future prospects 2.4 Schematic diagram of a solar thermal power plant 2.5 Solar central receiver thermal power plant 2.6 Solar pond thermal plant 2.7 Solar thermal power supply system for space station 2.8 Introduction to photo voltaic system

2.9 Merits and limitation of solar PV system 2.10 Principle of photo voltaic cell 2.11 V-I characteristics of solar cell 2.12 Efficiency of a solar cell 2.13 Transparent, insulating and absorbing materials 2.14 Building heating by active and passive system 2.15 Solar still, solar dryer and solar cooker 2.16 Solar seasoning of timber 3. Wind Energy : 3.1 Introduction to wind energy 3.2 Merits and demerits of wind energy 3.3 Wind power and energy pattern factor 3.4 Wind machine 3.4.1 Horizontal axis wind machine 3.4.2 Vertical axis wind machine 3.5 Site selection of a wind machine 3.6 Maintenance of a wind machine 3.7 Efficiency of a wind machine 3.8 Application of a wind machine 4. Bio-Gas Energy : 4.1 Introduction to bio-gas energy 4.2 Properties of bio-gas 4.3 Principle of bio-gas production 4.4 Chemical and microbiological processors 4.5 Factors which affects bio-gas production 4.6 Different feed stocks for bio-gas production 4.7 Classification of bio-gas plant 4.7.1 Fixed dome type 4.7.2 Floating type 4.8 Comparison between fixed dome and floating type bio-gas plant 4.9 Site selection of bio-gas plant 4.10 Selection of size and specification of bio-gas plant 4.11 Water removing devices 4.12 Maintenance of bio-gas plants 4.13 Bio gas lamp and chulha 4.14 Bio gas storage and transportation 4.15 Purification of bio-gas 4.16 Environmental effect of bio-gas plant

4.17 Visit to a bio-gas plant 4.18 Preparation of a project report on a bio-gas plant 5. Ocean Energy : 5.1 Introduction to ocean energy 5.2 Types of ocean energy 5.2.1 Open cycle 5.2.2 Closed cycle 6. Appropriate Technology : 6.1 Introduction to appropriate technology 6.2 Concepts of appropriate technology 6.3 Need of appropriate technology 6.4 Merits and demerits 6.5 Comparison between appropriate and modern technology 6.6 Application

REFERENCE BOOKS : 1. Energy technology : S.Rao & B.B. Parulekar 2. Non-conventional Energy Sources : A.N. Mathur & N.S.Rathore 3. Non-conventional Sources of energy and appropriate technology : D.M. Agrawal & S.K. Bhatnagar 4. Non-conventional Energy Sources : G.D.Rai 5. Solar Energy : Garg & Prakash

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