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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
What is Sustainability? “Sustainability is generally used to contrast with a lack of sustainability which is seen as something which breaks down or does not continue. In some cases, sustainability is used simply to mean that the longterm result of some action or set of actions is consistent with desired outcomes” - Hardoy, Mitlin and Satterwaite (1992)
Social sustainability It “suggests that institutions, customary behaviour, and relationships should be sustained” - Hardoy, Mitlin and Satterwaite (1992)
Cultural sustainability It is “relating the need to develop within human society shared values, perceptions and attitudes which help to contribute to the achievement of sustainable development” - Hardoy, Mitlin and Satterwaite (1992)
Ecological sustainability It refers to the knowledge that natural resources are needed to achieve economic development but that they also have limits - Hardoy, Mitlin and Satterwaite (1992)
Criteria of Sustainability “The activity does not damage natural resources… as if the project had never happened.” “The activity does damage some natural resources but it has positive impacts on other natural resources.” “The activity does not damage the natural resources required for completing the activity itself.”
Degrees of Sustainability A.WEAK SUSTAINABILITY (Substitutability Paradigm) “as long as total capital stays constant, sustainable development can be achieved” B. STRONG SUSTAINABILITY (Non-substitutability Paradigm) “in order for sustainable development to be achieved, natural capital has to be kept constant independently from man-made capital”
Consumption of renewable resources More than nature's ability to replenish Equal to nature's ability to replenish Less than nature's ability to replenish
State of environment Environmental degradation Environmental equilibrium Environmental renewal
Sustainability Not sustainable Steady-state Economy Sustainable development
Source: Wikipedia (Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development)
What is Sustainable Development? It the “management of human activities—one concentrating on development goals, the other controlling or limiting the harmful impacts of human activities on the environment” - Hardoy, Mitlin and Satterwaite (1992) It is the use of resources to meet certain human needs with the goal of preserving the environment so as not to compromise the needs of the future generations - Wikipedia
Areas under Sustainable Development Agriculture, International law, Atmosphere, International Cooperation for Enabling Environment, Biodiversity, Biotechnology, Institutional Arrangements, Capacity-building, Land Management, Climate change, Major Groups, Consumption and Production Patterns, Mountains, Demographics, National Sustainable Development Strategies, Desertification and Drought, Disaster Reduction and Management, Oceans and Seas, Education and Awareness, Poverty, Energy, Sanitation, Finance, Science, Forests, SIDS, Fresh water, Sustainable Tourism, Health, Technology, Human Settlements, Indicators ,Toxic Chemicals, Trade and Environment Industry, Transport, Information for Decision Making and Participation, Waste (Hazardous), Waste (Radioactive), Integrated Decision Making, Waste (Solid), Water
Minimizing use of nonrenewable resources
Goals of Sustainable Development
Sustainable use of renewable resources
Sustainable Development
Keeping within absorptive capacity of local and global sinks for wastes
Access to adequate livelihood Meeting human needs
Access to adequate Shelter and healthy environment (including basic services)
Choice Participation in national and local politics and respect of human rights
Progress towards Sustainable Development A.World Conservation Strategy - published in March 1980 which consists of the work of many scientists, specialist advisers, government agencies and conservation organizations - The main point of the Strategy is that “conservation and development need each other”
Progress towards Sustainable Development B. World Commission on Environment and Development - established in 1983 and was later known as Brundtland Commission - Product: report titled Our Common Future, also known as Brundtland Report, published in April 1987
Progress towards Sustainable Development OUR COMMON FUTURE: Key concepts 1. “The basic needs of humanity…must be met” 2. “The limits to development are not absolute but are imposed by present states of technology and social organization and by the impacts upon environmental resources and upon the biosphere’s ability to absorb the effects of human activities. But technology and social organization can be both managed and improved to make way for a new era of economic growth”
Progress towards Sustainable Development OUR COMMON FUTURE: Objectives for Sustainable Development 1. Reviving economic growth 2. Changing the quality of growth 3. Meeting essential needs for jobs, food, energy, water, sanitation 4. Ensuring a sustainable level of population 5. Conserving and enhancing the resources base 6. Reorienting technology and managing risk 7. Merging environment and economics in decision-making processes
Progress towards Sustainable Development OUR COMMON FUTURE: Priority areas 1. Getting at the Sources 2. Dealing with the Effects 3. Assessing Global Risks 4. Making Informed Choices 5. Providing the Legal Means 6. Investing in our Future
Progress towards Sustainable Development C. Caring for the Earth -Released by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and World Wide Funds (WWF) in 1991 -“the
aim of Caring for the Earth is to help improve the condition of the world’s people, by defining two requirements. One is to secure a widespread and deeply-held commitment to…the ethic for sustainable living, and to translate its principles into practice. The other is to integrate conservation and development”
Progress towards Sustainable Development D. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development -The Rio Declaration of Environment and Development -Agenda 21 -Statement of Principles -The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change -The Convention on Biological Diversity
Progress towards Sustainable Development E. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment -a 2,500-page report released in March 25 which gave an update on the situation of the environment BBC summarized the Assessment in the following examples: “Airlines do not pay for the carbon dioxide they put into the atmosphere.” “The price of food does not reflect the cost of cleaning waterways that have been polluted by runoff of agrochemicals from the land.”
Issues involving Sustainable Development A. Corporate Interests and People’s Welfare -During the Earth Summit in 1992, many business leaders were opposed to actions towards sustainable development but after ten years they were the ones who are pushing for sustainable development by “providing proposal for ‘partnership initiatives’ to enhance sustainability” -Businesses are “draping themselves in the blue of the United Nations in order to get themselves some brownie points to look good to governments” when they may be the ones having activities which has adverse effects to the environment
Issues involving Sustainable Development A. Corporate Interests and People’s Welfare -Wealthy countries improve at the expense of poorer nations -The existence of these NGOs suggests that the states and markets have failed to meet the needs of these people and thus they are turning to the NGOs for support -The Human Development Report 1998 Overview of UNDP showed that “globally, the 20% of the world’s people in the highest-income countries account for 86% of total private consumption expenditures- the poorest 20% a miniscule 1.3%”
Issues involving Sustainable Development B. Poverty and Environment -Poorer countries are stripping their resources in order to survive or pay off debts to richer countries -“a planet could sustain a high population…but it is a combination of things like how we use resources, for what purpose, how many, how the use of those resources change over time, etc., that defines whether they are used inefficiently or not and whether we will run out of them or not”
Issues involving Sustainable Development B. Poverty and Environment -“to understand why people go hungry, you must stop thinking about food as something farmers grow for others to eat, and begin thinking about it as something companies produce for other people to buy”
Issues involving Sustainable Development C. Water and Development -Around one-third of the world’s population is experiencing either water scarcity or water shortage -Some don’t have access to clean water thus there are deaths due to water-borne diseases such as diarrhea -There were concerns raised about upcoming wars over water but experts disagree on this because according to them scarcity is not the problem but the mismanagement of water resources
Areas covered by Sustainable Development
Poverty - … still remains the world’s most prominent factor in sustainable development.
- … is linked to overpopulation and its mismanagement.
- TRIVIA: If trend persists, only 25% of African population can be fed. - Sudden population boom makes a region exceed its capacity.
Energy - Globe is at its peak of fossil fuel (ff) usage.
- Over 40% of the globe relies on ff for energy production.
- New sources of renewable energy have been discovered recently. - One good example is the Maria Cristina Falls Hyderoelectric Plant in Iligan City, Mindanao.
Ecotourism - … otherwise known as Ecological Tourism.
- … is a kind of tourism which focuses on volunteering, personal growth, and, of course, tourism per se.
- … includes programs to reduce negative effects of conventional tourism to the environment. - It includes RRR, H2O conservation, and promotion of indigenous integrity.
Sanitation - In estimation, five million (5,000,000) people around the world die annually from easily-treatable water-borne infections as a result of inadequate sanitation and hygiene practices.
- Due to overflowing landfills and dump sites, local governments are now implementing incineration of solid wastes as a mean of proper disposal. - . In the said process, CFCs are produced. Such compounds destroy the atmosphere which leads to grave, macabre consequences.
Capacity Building - … refers to the process of assisting mostly developing countries to develop a specific skill or capacity, both financial and social.
- … is, however, not limited to international programs and social reforms concept.
Public Health - … is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals.
- There are three main categories of public health: epidemiology, biostatics, and health services. - Environmental health is also one of the core subfields of public health.
Present actions taken to achieve sustainable development -
-
-
Agenda 21 Social and Economic Dimension Conservation and Management of Resources for Development Strengthening the Role of Major Groups Means and Implementation
-
Prius Effect Toyota Prius ‘Environmental’ awareness of Toyota Masking
SOURCES Hardoy, Jorge E., Mitlin, Diana and David Satetrhwaite (1992). Environmental problems in Third World cities. London: Earthscan Publications Limited. Palmer, Joy A. (1998). Environmental Education in the 21st Century. London: Routledge. Shah, Anup (2005 Feb 12). Poverty and the Environment. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Development/PovertyEnv. asp. Shah, Anup (2005 May 26). Sustainable Development. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Development/Intro.asp. Shah, Anup (2007 Sept 1). Water and Development. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Development/water/. Shah, Anup (2002 Sept 7). World Summit on Sustainable Development. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Development/WSSD.asp Sustainability. Retrieved July 2, 2008 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_sustainability. Sustainable Development. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development.
REPORTERS: Lorelynn Therese Y. Felix Miguel Nathan M. Tolibas Environmental Science 1
What is Sustainability? “Sustainability is generally used to contrast with a lack of sustainability which is seen as something which breaks down or does not continue. In some cases, sustainability is used simply to mean that the longterm result of some action or set of actions is consistent with desired outcomes” - Hardoy, Mitlin and Satterwaite (1992)
Social sustainability It “suggests that institutions, customary behaviour, and relationships should be sustained” - Hardoy, Mitlin and Satterwaite (1992)
Cultural sustainability It is “relating the need to develop within human society shared values, perceptions and attitudes which help to contribute to the achievement of sustainable development” - Hardoy, Mitlin and Satterwaite (1992)
Ecological sustainability It refers to the knowledge that natural resources are needed to achieve economic development but that they also have limits - Hardoy, Mitlin and Satterwaite (1992)
Criteria of Sustainability “The activity does not damage natural resources… as if the project had never happened.” “The activity does damage some natural resources but it has positive impacts on other natural resources.” “The activity does not damage the natural resources required for completing the activity itself.”
Degrees of Sustainability A.WEAK SUSTAINABILITY (Substitutability Paradigm) “as long as total capital stays constant, sustainable development can be achieved” B. STRONG SUSTAINABILITY (Non-substitutability Paradigm) “in order for sustainable development to be achieved, natural capital has to be kept constant independently from man-made capital”
Consumption of renewable resources More than nature's ability to replenish Equal to nature's ability to replenish Less than nature's ability to replenish
State of environment Environmental degradation Environmental equilibrium Environmental renewal
Sustainability Not sustainable Steady-state Economy Sustainable development
Source: Wikipedia (Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development)
What is Sustainable Development? It the “management of human activities—one concentrating on development goals, the other controlling or limiting the harmful impacts of human activities on the environment” - Hardoy, Mitlin and Satterwaite (1992) It is the use of resources to meet certain human needs with the goal of preserving the environment so as not to compromise the needs of the future generations - Wikipedia
Areas under Sustainable Development Agriculture, International law, Atmosphere, International Cooperation for Enabling Environment, Biodiversity, Biotechnology, Institutional Arrangements, Capacity-building, Land Management, Climate change, Major Groups, Consumption and Production Patterns, Mountains, Demographics, National Sustainable Development Strategies, Desertification and Drought, Disaster Reduction and Management, Oceans and Seas, Education and Awareness, Poverty, Energy, Sanitation, Finance, Science, Forests, SIDS, Fresh water, Sustainable Tourism, Health, Technology, Human Settlements, Indicators ,Toxic Chemicals, Trade and Environment Industry, Transport, Information for Decision Making and Participation, Waste (Hazardous), Waste (Radioactive), Integrated Decision Making, Waste (Solid), Water
Minimizing use of nonrenewable resources
Goals of Sustainable Development
Sustainable use of renewable resources
Sustainable Development
Keeping within absorptive capacity of local and global sinks for wastes
Access to adequate livelihood Meeting human needs
Access to adequate Shelter and healthy environment (including basic services)
Choice Participation in national and local politics and respect of human rights
Progress towards Sustainable Development A.World Conservation Strategy - published in March 1980 which consists of the work of many scientists, specialist advisers, government agencies and conservation organizations - The main point of the Strategy is that “conservation and development need each other”
Progress towards Sustainable Development B. World Commission on Environment and Development - established in 1983 and was later known as Brundtland Commission - Product: report titled Our Common Future, also known as Brundtland Report, published in April 1987
Progress towards Sustainable Development OUR COMMON FUTURE: Key concepts 1. “The basic needs of humanity…must be met” 2. “The limits to development are not absolute but are imposed by present states of technology and social organization and by the impacts upon environmental resources and upon the biosphere’s ability to absorb the effects of human activities. But technology and social organization can be both managed and improved to make way for a new era of economic growth”
Progress towards Sustainable Development OUR COMMON FUTURE: Objectives for Sustainable Development 1. Reviving economic growth 2. Changing the quality of growth 3. Meeting essential needs for jobs, food, energy, water, sanitation 4. Ensuring a sustainable level of population 5. Conserving and enhancing the resources base 6. Reorienting technology and managing risk 7. Merging environment and economics in decision-making processes
Progress towards Sustainable Development OUR COMMON FUTURE: Priority areas 1. Getting at the Sources 2. Dealing with the Effects 3. Assessing Global Risks 4. Making Informed Choices 5. Providing the Legal Means 6. Investing in our Future
Progress towards Sustainable Development C. Caring for the Earth -Released by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and World Wide Funds (WWF) in 1991 -“the
aim of Caring for the Earth is to help improve the condition of the world’s people, by defining two requirements. One is to secure a widespread and deeply-held commitment to…the ethic for sustainable living, and to translate its principles into practice. The other is to integrate conservation and development”
Progress towards Sustainable Development D. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development -The Rio Declaration of Environment and Development -Agenda 21 -Statement of Principles -The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change -The Convention on Biological Diversity
Progress towards Sustainable Development E. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment -a 2,500-page report released in March 25 which gave an update on the situation of the environment BBC summarized the Assessment in the following examples: “Airlines do not pay for the carbon dioxide they put into the atmosphere.” “The price of food does not reflect the cost of cleaning waterways that have been polluted by runoff of agrochemicals from the land.”
Issues involving Sustainable Development A. Corporate Interests and People’s Welfare -During the Earth Summit in 1992, many business leaders were opposed to actions towards sustainable development but after ten years they were the ones who are pushing for sustainable development by “providing proposal for ‘partnership initiatives’ to enhance sustainability” -Businesses are “draping themselves in the blue of the United Nations in order to get themselves some brownie points to look good to governments” when they may be the ones having activities which has adverse effects to the environment
Issues involving Sustainable Development A. Corporate Interests and People’s Welfare -Wealthy countries improve at the expense of poorer nations -The existence of these NGOs suggests that the states and markets have failed to meet the needs of these people and thus they are turning to the NGOs for support -The Human Development Report 1998 Overview of UNDP showed that “globally, the 20% of the world’s people in the highest-income countries account for 86% of total private consumption expenditures- the poorest 20% a miniscule 1.3%”
Issues involving Sustainable Development B. Poverty and Environment -Poorer countries are stripping their resources in order to survive or pay off debts to richer countries -“a planet could sustain a high population…but it is a combination of things like how we use resources, for what purpose, how many, how the use of those resources change over time, etc., that defines whether they are used inefficiently or not and whether we will run out of them or not”
Issues involving Sustainable Development B. Poverty and Environment -“to understand why people go hungry, you must stop thinking about food as something farmers grow for others to eat, and begin thinking about it as something companies produce for other people to buy”
Issues involving Sustainable Development C. Water and Development -Around one-third of the world’s population is experiencing either water scarcity or water shortage -Some don’t have access to clean water thus there are deaths due to water-borne diseases such as diarrhea -There were concerns raised about upcoming wars over water but experts disagree on this because according to them scarcity is not the problem but the mismanagement of water resources
Areas covered by Sustainable Development
Poverty - … still remains the world’s most prominent factor in sustainable development.
- … is linked to overpopulation and its mismanagement.
- TRIVIA: If trend persists, only 25% of African population can be fed. - Sudden population boom makes a region exceed its capacity.
Energy - Globe is at its peak of fossil fuel (ff) usage.
- Over 40% of the globe relies on ff for energy production.
- New sources of renewable energy have been discovered recently. - One good example is the Maria Cristina Falls Hyderoelectric Plant in Iligan City, Mindanao.
Ecotourism - … otherwise known as Ecological Tourism.
- … is a kind of tourism which focuses on volunteering, personal growth, and, of course, tourism per se.
- … includes programs to reduce negative effects of conventional tourism to the environment. - It includes RRR, H2O conservation, and promotion of indigenous integrity.
Sanitation - In estimation, five million (5,000,000) people around the world die annually from easily-treatable water-borne infections as a result of inadequate sanitation and hygiene practices.
- Due to overflowing landfills and dump sites, local governments are now implementing incineration of solid wastes as a mean of proper disposal. - . In the said process, CFCs are produced. Such compounds destroy the atmosphere which leads to grave, macabre consequences.
Capacity Building - … refers to the process of assisting mostly developing countries to develop a specific skill or capacity, both financial and social.
- … is, however, not limited to international programs and social reforms concept.
Public Health - … is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals.
- There are three main categories of public health: epidemiology, biostatics, and health services. - Environmental health is also one of the core subfields of public health.
Present actions taken to achieve sustainable development -
-
-
Agenda 21 Social and Economic Dimension Conservation and Management of Resources for Development Strengthening the Role of Major Groups Means and Implementation
-
Prius Effect Toyota Prius ‘Environmental’ awareness of Toyota Masking
SOURCES Hardoy, Jorge E., Mitlin, Diana and David Satetrhwaite (1992). Environmental problems in Third World cities. London: Earthscan Publications Limited. Palmer, Joy A. (1998). Environmental Education in the 21st Century. London: Routledge. Shah, Anup (2005 Feb 12). Poverty and the Environment. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Development/PovertyEnv. asp. Shah, Anup (2005 May 26). Sustainable Development. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Development/Intro.asp. Shah, Anup (2007 Sept 1). Water and Development. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Development/water/. Shah, Anup (2002 Sept 7). World Summit on Sustainable Development. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Development/WSSD.asp Sustainability. Retrieved July 2, 2008 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_sustainability. Sustainable Development. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development.
REPORTERS: Lorelynn Therese Y. Felix Miguel Nathan M. Tolibas Environmental Science 1
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