Surgery
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SURGERY
ABDOMINAL SURGERY
TYPES: LAPAROTOMY “coeliotomy”
APPENDECTOMY
DEFINITION broadly covers surgical procedures that involve opening the abdomen.
This refers to the opening of the abdominal cavity for direct examination of its contents. It may or may not be followed by repair or removal of the primary problem. •
•
HYSTERECTOMY Types of HYSTERECTOMY • Radical hysterectomy:
Diseases affecting abdominal cavity.
• •
•
An emergency procedure during acute appendicitis. Appendectomy is the surgical removal of the vermiform appendix.
• Is the surgical removal of the uterus
RISK FACTOR AND COMPLICATION
INDICATION
To locate a source of bleeding or trauma. Therapy for patients who have peptic ulcer and colon cancer. In cases of pelvic sepsis.
• • • • •
Bleeding Infection Post-surgical adhesions Shock Paralytic ileus
• • • •
Bleeding Infection Shock Paralytic ileus
•
Pneumoperitoneum
•
Earlier than the average menopause Cardiovascular disease
Appendicitis
• •
Uterine fibroids (myomas) Endometriosis (growth of tissue
•
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
•
complete removal of the uterus, upper vagina and parametrium. Subtotal hysterectomy: removal of the fundus of the uterus, leaving the cervix in situ
•
• • •
•
Total hysterectomy: complete removal of the uterus including the corpus and cervix. LAPAROSCOPY
•
• • •
Minimally invasive Performed through small incisions Belong to the field of endoscopy
• • •
outside of the uterine cavity.) Adenomyosis (uterine lining has grown through the uterine wall.) Vaginal prolapsed Heavy or abnormal vaginal bleeding Uterine, advance cervical and ovarian cancer. Obstetrical hemorrhage.
• • • •
Osteoporosis Fractures Urinary incontinence Ectopic pregnancy
hemorrhage blood transfusion and pain medication reducing the risk of infection,
•
are from trocar injuries to either blood vessels or small or large bowel. The risk of such injuries is increased in patients who are obese or have a history of prior abdominal surgery. Hypothermia Coagulation disorders Dense adhesions
• • •
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
e.g. CHOLECYSTECTOMY
is the surgical removal of the gallbladder
•
carcinoma
• •
Injury to the common bile duct. Infection
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Emphysema
• •
INFECTION BLEEDING
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
•
Rejection of the transplanted lung The medicine you must take will suppress your immune system, thus you will be prone to severe and life threatening infections
THORACIC SURGERY LUNG VOLUME REDUCTION SURGERY
LUNG TRANSPLANT
•
•
a large area of damaged lung is removed to allow the remaining lung tissue to expand when you breathe in.
•
Is a surgical procedure of transferring lungs from newly diseased person to a lung-ill individual
•
•
•
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
BULLECTOMY
•
Surgical removing of the enlarged air-sac
• •
When there is bullae Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
•
LUMPECTOMY
•
common surgical procedure designed to remove a discrete lump, usually a tumor, benign or otherwise, from an affected man or woman's breast
•
TUMOR
•
3 to 5 years after surgery, lung function deteriorates to the level it was before surgery Infections
MASTECTOMY
•
•
Breast Cancer
•
infections
CARDIAC SURGERY
•
is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely is surgery on the heart and/or great vessels performed by a cardiac surgeon. Frequently, it is done to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, coronary artery bypass grafting), correct congenital heart
•
Coronary artery bypass Other heart failure diseases
• • • •
Neurological damage Stroke Post-perfusion syndrome Blood clotting
•
hemolysis
•
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
disease, or treat valvular heart disease created by various causes including endocarditis. It also includes heart transplantation.
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
BACK SURGERY
Back surgery is an procedure in which a specially trained doctor (the surgeon) uses instruments to make incisions to repair damaged spinal tissues.
SPINAL FUSION
•
designed to help limit pain caused by the joints.
LAMINECTOMY
•
is a spine operation to remove the portion of the vertebral bone called the lamina.
•
•
•
Lumbar spine fusion surgery is generally not recommended until a patient has tried 6 to 12 months of adequate nonsurgical care
Treatment of severe spinal stenosis by relieving pressure in the spinal cord or nerve roots. Assess to a tumor or other mass lying in or around the spinal cord. • Step in tailoring the contour of the vertebral column to correct a spinal deformity such as kyphosis
•
•
•
The biggest risk for spine fusion procedure is continued pain, meaning that the surgery did not substantially reduce or eliminate the patient’s pain. The number one reason this occurs is that the fused disc was improperly identified as the cause of the patient’s pain, so fusing the disc was unnecessary and irrelevant. This is why getting an accurate diagnosis is critical. Nerve root damage (1 in 1000) or bowel or bladder incontinence (1 in 10000). Paralysis would be extremely unusual since the spinal cord stops at about the T12 or L1 level, and surgery is usually done well below this level. Cerebrospinal fluid leak (1 to 3% of the time) may be encountered if the
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
dural sac is breached. This does not change the outcome of the surgery, and generally a patient just needs to lie down for about 24 hours to allow the leak to seal.
•
Infections happen in about 1% of any elective cases, and although this is a major nuisance and often requires further surgery to clean it up along with IV antibiotics, it generally can be managed and cured effectively.
•
Bleeding is a possible but uncommon complication as there are no major blood vessels in the area.
•
Postoperative instability of the operated level (5 to 10% of cases) can be encountered. This complication can be minimized by avoiding the pars interarticularis during surgery, as this is an important
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
•
structure for stability at a level. Weakening or cutting this bony structure can lead to an isthmic spondylolisthesis after surgery. Also, the natural history of a degenerative facet joint may lead it to continue to degenerate on its own and result in a degenerative spondylolisthesis. Either of these conditions can be treated by a spinal fusion surgery for the affected joint at a later date. General anesthetic complications such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), blood clots, stroke, pneumonia or pulmonary embolism can happen with a lumbar laminectomy as with any surgery.
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
EXTREMITIES SURGERY BONE GRAFTING
HAND SURGERY
UNICOMPARTMENTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone with material from the patient's own body, an artificial, synthetic, or natural substitute. •
•
deals with both surgical and nonsurgical treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity (commonly from the tip of the hand to the shoulder) is a surgical procedure used to relieve arthritis in one of the knee compartments in which the damaged parts of the knee are replaced.
•
• • • • • • • • •
Repairing fractures
hand injuries carpal tunnel syndrome carpometacarpal bossing rheumatoid arthritis dupuytren’s contracture congenital defects Joint diseases Poor bone density
• • • • • •
•
•
Acquired bowel herniation Infection Seroma Urethral injury hematoma infections
Contraindicated for the patients that has active and suspected infection in the knee joint. Contraindicated to those have bone infections or disease that result in an inability to support
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
•
or fixate the new implant to the bone Risk for: blood clots, infection,
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
EPIPHYSIODESIS
•
CRANIAL SURGERY CRANIOTOMY
•
“opening of the skull” •
is a Pediatric surgical procedure in which the epiphyseal (growth) plate of a bone is removed
• • •
Refers to surgical procedure A so called “bone • flap” is removed in • order to have access to the brain • Performed under • general anesthesia • •
DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY
•
is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed
•
• • •
lengthening of the short abnormal leg shorten an abnormally long leg limiting the growth of a normal leg to allow a short leg to grow to a matching length done into the skull Brain lesions Traumatic brain injury Parkinson’s disease Epilepsy Cerebellar tremors For procedures such as: brain imaging and recording.
• •
bleeding infection
•
infections
to those who had traumatic brain injury stroke lowering intracranial pressure improving cerebral perfusion pressure
•
infections such as meningitis brain abscess
•
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
ASSIGNMENT PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C SUBMITTED TO: MR. C.J BARRIAS
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
ABDOMINAL SURGERY
TYPES: LAPAROTOMY “coeliotomy”
APPENDECTOMY
DEFINITION broadly covers surgical procedures that involve opening the abdomen.
This refers to the opening of the abdominal cavity for direct examination of its contents. It may or may not be followed by repair or removal of the primary problem. •
•
HYSTERECTOMY Types of HYSTERECTOMY • Radical hysterectomy:
Diseases affecting abdominal cavity.
• •
•
An emergency procedure during acute appendicitis. Appendectomy is the surgical removal of the vermiform appendix.
• Is the surgical removal of the uterus
RISK FACTOR AND COMPLICATION
INDICATION
To locate a source of bleeding or trauma. Therapy for patients who have peptic ulcer and colon cancer. In cases of pelvic sepsis.
• • • • •
Bleeding Infection Post-surgical adhesions Shock Paralytic ileus
• • • •
Bleeding Infection Shock Paralytic ileus
•
Pneumoperitoneum
•
Earlier than the average menopause Cardiovascular disease
Appendicitis
• •
Uterine fibroids (myomas) Endometriosis (growth of tissue
•
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
•
complete removal of the uterus, upper vagina and parametrium. Subtotal hysterectomy: removal of the fundus of the uterus, leaving the cervix in situ
•
• • •
•
Total hysterectomy: complete removal of the uterus including the corpus and cervix. LAPAROSCOPY
•
• • •
Minimally invasive Performed through small incisions Belong to the field of endoscopy
• • •
outside of the uterine cavity.) Adenomyosis (uterine lining has grown through the uterine wall.) Vaginal prolapsed Heavy or abnormal vaginal bleeding Uterine, advance cervical and ovarian cancer. Obstetrical hemorrhage.
• • • •
Osteoporosis Fractures Urinary incontinence Ectopic pregnancy
hemorrhage blood transfusion and pain medication reducing the risk of infection,
•
are from trocar injuries to either blood vessels or small or large bowel. The risk of such injuries is increased in patients who are obese or have a history of prior abdominal surgery. Hypothermia Coagulation disorders Dense adhesions
• • •
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
e.g. CHOLECYSTECTOMY
is the surgical removal of the gallbladder
•
carcinoma
• •
Injury to the common bile duct. Infection
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Emphysema
• •
INFECTION BLEEDING
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
•
Rejection of the transplanted lung The medicine you must take will suppress your immune system, thus you will be prone to severe and life threatening infections
THORACIC SURGERY LUNG VOLUME REDUCTION SURGERY
LUNG TRANSPLANT
•
•
a large area of damaged lung is removed to allow the remaining lung tissue to expand when you breathe in.
•
Is a surgical procedure of transferring lungs from newly diseased person to a lung-ill individual
•
•
•
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
BULLECTOMY
•
Surgical removing of the enlarged air-sac
• •
When there is bullae Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
•
LUMPECTOMY
•
common surgical procedure designed to remove a discrete lump, usually a tumor, benign or otherwise, from an affected man or woman's breast
•
TUMOR
•
3 to 5 years after surgery, lung function deteriorates to the level it was before surgery Infections
MASTECTOMY
•
•
Breast Cancer
•
infections
CARDIAC SURGERY
•
is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely is surgery on the heart and/or great vessels performed by a cardiac surgeon. Frequently, it is done to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, coronary artery bypass grafting), correct congenital heart
•
Coronary artery bypass Other heart failure diseases
• • • •
Neurological damage Stroke Post-perfusion syndrome Blood clotting
•
hemolysis
•
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
disease, or treat valvular heart disease created by various causes including endocarditis. It also includes heart transplantation.
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
BACK SURGERY
Back surgery is an procedure in which a specially trained doctor (the surgeon) uses instruments to make incisions to repair damaged spinal tissues.
SPINAL FUSION
•
designed to help limit pain caused by the joints.
LAMINECTOMY
•
is a spine operation to remove the portion of the vertebral bone called the lamina.
•
•
•
Lumbar spine fusion surgery is generally not recommended until a patient has tried 6 to 12 months of adequate nonsurgical care
Treatment of severe spinal stenosis by relieving pressure in the spinal cord or nerve roots. Assess to a tumor or other mass lying in or around the spinal cord. • Step in tailoring the contour of the vertebral column to correct a spinal deformity such as kyphosis
•
•
•
The biggest risk for spine fusion procedure is continued pain, meaning that the surgery did not substantially reduce or eliminate the patient’s pain. The number one reason this occurs is that the fused disc was improperly identified as the cause of the patient’s pain, so fusing the disc was unnecessary and irrelevant. This is why getting an accurate diagnosis is critical. Nerve root damage (1 in 1000) or bowel or bladder incontinence (1 in 10000). Paralysis would be extremely unusual since the spinal cord stops at about the T12 or L1 level, and surgery is usually done well below this level. Cerebrospinal fluid leak (1 to 3% of the time) may be encountered if the
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
dural sac is breached. This does not change the outcome of the surgery, and generally a patient just needs to lie down for about 24 hours to allow the leak to seal.
•
Infections happen in about 1% of any elective cases, and although this is a major nuisance and often requires further surgery to clean it up along with IV antibiotics, it generally can be managed and cured effectively.
•
Bleeding is a possible but uncommon complication as there are no major blood vessels in the area.
•
Postoperative instability of the operated level (5 to 10% of cases) can be encountered. This complication can be minimized by avoiding the pars interarticularis during surgery, as this is an important
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
•
structure for stability at a level. Weakening or cutting this bony structure can lead to an isthmic spondylolisthesis after surgery. Also, the natural history of a degenerative facet joint may lead it to continue to degenerate on its own and result in a degenerative spondylolisthesis. Either of these conditions can be treated by a spinal fusion surgery for the affected joint at a later date. General anesthetic complications such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), blood clots, stroke, pneumonia or pulmonary embolism can happen with a lumbar laminectomy as with any surgery.
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
EXTREMITIES SURGERY BONE GRAFTING
HAND SURGERY
UNICOMPARTMENTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone with material from the patient's own body, an artificial, synthetic, or natural substitute. •
•
deals with both surgical and nonsurgical treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity (commonly from the tip of the hand to the shoulder) is a surgical procedure used to relieve arthritis in one of the knee compartments in which the damaged parts of the knee are replaced.
•
• • • • • • • • •
Repairing fractures
hand injuries carpal tunnel syndrome carpometacarpal bossing rheumatoid arthritis dupuytren’s contracture congenital defects Joint diseases Poor bone density
• • • • • •
•
•
Acquired bowel herniation Infection Seroma Urethral injury hematoma infections
Contraindicated for the patients that has active and suspected infection in the knee joint. Contraindicated to those have bone infections or disease that result in an inability to support
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
•
or fixate the new implant to the bone Risk for: blood clots, infection,
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
EPIPHYSIODESIS
•
CRANIAL SURGERY CRANIOTOMY
•
“opening of the skull” •
is a Pediatric surgical procedure in which the epiphyseal (growth) plate of a bone is removed
• • •
Refers to surgical procedure A so called “bone • flap” is removed in • order to have access to the brain • Performed under • general anesthesia • •
DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY
•
is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed
•
• • •
lengthening of the short abnormal leg shorten an abnormally long leg limiting the growth of a normal leg to allow a short leg to grow to a matching length done into the skull Brain lesions Traumatic brain injury Parkinson’s disease Epilepsy Cerebellar tremors For procedures such as: brain imaging and recording.
• •
bleeding infection
•
infections
to those who had traumatic brain injury stroke lowering intracranial pressure improving cerebral perfusion pressure
•
infections such as meningitis brain abscess
•
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
ASSIGNMENT PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C SUBMITTED TO: MR. C.J BARRIAS
PREPARED BY: DE LA ROSA, KAREN N. BSN III-C
