Students-book-answer-keys.pdf

A2

A2

Student’s Book answer key 4 1 Amy, English, 16  ​2 Catrin, 15, Australian 5a

Starter unit Vocabulary  p6

Students’ own answers

1a

5b

1 board  2 board rubber  3  CD player 4 chair  5 computer  6  desk 7 dictionary  8 notebook  9  pen 10 pencil  11  pencil sharpener 12 rubber  13 ruler  14 textbook

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  p8

1b

Students’ own answers

2a

Students’ own answers

2b

Students’ own answers

3 1 CD player  ​2 board  ​3 dictionary  ​ 4  computer, pen  ​5 board rubber, pencil  ​ 6 ruler  ​7 chairs  ​8 desk, pencil sharpener  ​ 9 rubber  ​10 textbook  ​ 11  notebook

Speaking  p6 1a Students’ own answers

1 a ’m/am  ​b ’s/is  ​c ’m/am not  ​d Are  ​ e  am  ​f ’m/am not 2 1 is  ​2 ’m/am  ​3 are/aren’t  ​4 are  ​ 5  is/isn’t  ​6 is/isn’t  ​7 aren’t  ​ 8  ’m/am not 3 Storm

4

Students’ own answers

5 1 d  ​2 b  ​3 e  ​4 a  ​5 g  ​6 f  ​7 c 6 a My  ​b your  ​c Their  ​d They  ​ e  Our  ​f Her  ​g She  ​h Its  ​i It

Speaking  p9

1b

1 1 o’clock  ​2 half  ​3 quarter  ​4 to  ​ 5  five past  ​6 twenty-five past three 2

Students’ own answers

2 1 F-O-U-R  2 T-W-E-L-V-E  ​ 3 T-W-E-N-T-Y  ​4 E-I-G-H-T  ​ 5 T-H-I-R-T-E-E-N 3 1 4  ​2 12  ​3 20  ​4 8  ​5 13 4

Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

Vocabulary  p9

Students’ own answers

4 Jake: beard, blue eyes, fair hair, glasses, long hair, moustache, tall Carl: brown eyes, dark hair, short, short hair, thin

5

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp10–11 1 a has got  ​b hasn’t got  ​c Has … got  ​ d  has 2 1 have/haven’t got  ​2 have/haven’t got  ​ 3  has/hasn’t got  ​4 have/haven’t got 3 1 Has … got  ​2 Has … got   ​3  Have … got  ​4 Has … got 4 1 Yes, she has.  ​2 No, she hasn’t.  ​ 3  No, they haven’t.  ​4 Yes, she has. 5 1 add ’s  ​2 just add an apostrophe (’) 6 1 Smith’s  ​2 mother’s  ​3 parents’  ​ 4  Willow’s  ​5 grandparents’  ​ 6  children’s  ​7 Jada’s brother’s 7a Students’ own answers

7b 1 This  ​2 Those  ​3 These  ​4 That

Language checkpoint: Starter

1a

Grammar revision  p13

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Vocabulary  p7

Days: 2 Tuesday 3 Wednesday 4 Thursday 7 Sunday Months: 2 February 3 March 5 May 6 June 7 July 9 September 10 October 11 November Ordinal numbers: 2nd second 3rd third 5th fifth 6th sixth 7th seventh 9th ninth 10th tenth 11th eleventh

1 a Are  ​b ’m/am not  ​c ’m/am  ​d Is  ​ e  isn’t/is not  ​f ’s/is 2 a Have … got  ​b have  ​c ’ve/have got  ​ d  Has … got  ​e hasn’t  ​f hasn’t got 3 1 My  ​2 Her  ​3 They  ​4 These  ​ 5  boy’s  ​6 Becky’s

5

1b

1a Students’ own answers

1b 1 the United Kingdom (UK)  ​2 Ireland  ​ 3  American  ​4 Canadian  ​5 Australian 2 Suggested answers New Zealand, South Africa, Belize, Singapore, India, parts of the Caribbean (Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago etc.), many African countries (Kenya, Botswana, Ghana, Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda, etc.)

Speaking  p7 1 I’m (a) Jayden. (b) J-A-Y-D-E-N. He’s (c) 18.

2

Students’ own answers

3a

Students’ own answers

2 1 sixteenth  ​2 nineteenth  ​ 3 twenty-first  ​4 twenty-second  ​ 5  twenty-third  ​6 twenty-fifth  ​ 7  thirtieth  ​8 thirty-first 3 1 It’s the first of January.   2–6  Students’ own answers

Vocabulary  p10 1 Students’ own answers

2 1 sister  ​2 nephew  ​3 aunt and uncle  ​ 4  grandfather  ​5 granddaughter 3

Vocabulary revision  p13 1 1 ruler  ​2 rubber  ​3 notebook  ​ 4  board  ​5 pencil sharpener   ​   CD player 6 2 1 third  ​2 Tuesday  ​3 June  ​4 eighth  ​ 5  Saturday 3 1 uncle  ​2 grandmother  ​3 cousin  ​ 4  mother  ​5 grandson/granddaughter  ​ 6  nephew/niece 4 a short  ​b long  ​c blue  ​d beard  ​ e  glasses

Students’ own answers

3b 1 d  ​2 c  ​3 a  ​4 b

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Student’s Book answer key Grammar in context  p 16–17

Unit 1

1a

Vocabulary  p14

Affirmative: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 Negative: 3, 5, 6

1a

1b 1 he, she, it  ​2 without -s  ​3 both 2a 1 starts, likes, asks (b)  ​2 studies, plays, goes (c)  ​ 3 finishes, watches, relaxes (a) 2b

a maths  b chemistry  c PE  d geography  e history  f ICT

1b

Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

3

Suggested answers 3 have breakfast  ​4 go to school (by bike/bus/car/train/on foot)  ​ 5 start school  ​ 6  have a break  ​7 have lunch  ​8 finish school  ​ 9 go home  ​10 do homework  ​ 11  have dinner  ​12 go to bed

4 Students’ own answers

5a

Students’ own answers

5b

a read  b draw  c  play the guitar/piano d  take photos

6 1 c  ​2 b  ​3 e  ​4 g 7

3a 1 listen  ​ 2 goes  ​3 have  ​4 gets  ​ 5  finishes  ​6 watch  ​7 takes 3b 1 I don’t listen to music when I do my homework. 2 My friend doesn’t go to school by bus. 3 We don’t have lunch at school. 4 His sister doesn’t get up at 7.30 am. 5 Our last class doesn’t finish at 5 pm. 6 They don’t watch films in their Spanish lessons. 7 Dylan doesn’t take photos in his free time.

4 a studies  ​b doesn’t study  ​c take  ​ d  draw  ​e says  ​f work  ​g gets  ​ h  doesn’t think  ​i loves 5a

Students’ own answers

8

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Reading  p15

5b

1 Example answers 1 I can see some students sitting on the floor. They are wearing dance or sports clothes. 2 It doesn’t look similar to my school. It hasn’t got desks and chairs and they don’t have a school uniform.

2

Students’ own answers

6 1 on  ​2 at  ​3 in  ​4 on  ​5 in  ​6 in  ​ 7  at 7a a at  ​b on  ​c in  ​d in  ​e at  ​f At  ​ g  in  ​h on 7b

1c Students’ own answers

2 1 C  ​2 A  ​3 D  ​4 B 3 1 sleep  ​2 breakfast  ​3 time, plan  ​ 4  food  ​5 pet  ​6 exams 4 What makes me stressed Kieran Doing school work on time and the social life at school. Amelia Working in a café at weekends. No time for homework or friends. George Parents want me to go shopping and look after my brother and sister.

Suggested answers From text: do sport and exercise, talk to people about how you feel, make a plan/ timetable, eat breakfast, do things you love (chatting to friends, surfing the Internet, reading), be positive Other ideas: breathe deeply, don’t compare yourself to others, limit your time on social networks and have real relationships

5b

Students’ own answers

5c

Students’ own answers

3 1 F (They study the usual subjects …)  ​ 2  NM  ​3 NM  ​4 T  ​ 5 T  ​6 F (… they learn to use new technology …)  ​ 7 T 4

Listening  p20

Vocabulary  p17

1

1a

Students’ own answers

Example answers Advantages: a forum can give you useful information and advice/you can contact people in other countries/you can read other people’s opinions/people can say what they want/you can make friends Disadvantages: the information isn’t always true/can have hackers and give you spam/official websites have more detail

Students’ own answers

5 1 a friend of mine  ​2 awesome  ​3 guys  ​ 4  industries 6 Students’ own answers

a library  b  sports centre   c theatre  d  swimming pool

1b

2a

Students’ own answers

2b 2 It’s a shopping centre.  ​3 It’s a cinema.  ​ 4  It’s a fast-food restaurant.   ​5  It’s a library.  ​ 6 It’s a sports centre.  ​ 7  It’s a theatre.  ​8 It’s a stadium.  ​ 9  It’s a museum.  ​10 It’s a park. 3 Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills  pp18−19 1a 1 b  ​2 a  ​3 c  ​4 e  ​5 d 1b 1 b  ​2 a  ​3 e  ​4 d  ​5 c

Doing sport, going for a run or swimming. Playing a video game with a friend.

5a

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

How I deal with stress Taking photos, playing the piano and the guitar. Walking in the park or to school or work.

2 1 g  ​2 b  ​3 d  ​4 f  ​5 c 3 a Sam  ​b Sophia  ​c Matthew  ​d Ben  ​ e  Isabel

Grammar in context  pp20–21 1a 2 hardly ever  ​3 sometimes  ​4 often  ​ 5  usually  ​6 always 1b 1 after  ​2 before 2 Example answers 2 I sometimes go to the theatre.  ​3 I am never late for class.  ​ 4 I always do my homework.  ​ 5 I often go out with my friends on Friday.  ​ 6 I am usually relaxed.  ​ 7  I often watch football on TV.

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Student’s Book answer key 4

3a

Contrast: but … but in general I don’t like science subjects much. Reason: because … because my parents don’t like it. Consequence: so … so my favourite subject is art./… so I really like PE too.

Students’ own answers

3b

Students’ own answers

3c

Students’ own answers

4a 1 Yes  ​2 No  ​3 No  ​4 Yes 4b 1 True  ​2 True  ​3 True  ​4 False 5a

5

Students’ own answers

Example answers 1 I don’t like maths because it’s difficult. 2 I’ve got a sister, but I haven’t got a brother. 3 I hate sport, so I don’t play in any school team. 4 I love music, but I don’t play a musical instrument. 5 I speak English and I speak French, too. 6 I walk to school because it is a nice walk. 7 My English teacher is very good, so I speak good English.

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

5b 1 Do  ​2 Does  ​3 Does  ​4 Does  ​ 5  Do  ​6 Does The intonation goes up: questions that can be answered with a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer (often referred to as ‘Yes/No questions’) usually end in rising intonation.

5c

6a

6

6b

7a

7b 1 What  ​2 When  ​3 Where  ​4 Which  ​ 5  Why  ​6 How  ​7 When The intonation goes down: questions that begin with Wh- words usually end in falling intonation.

7c

Students’ own answers

8

Students’ own answers

9a 1 What time do you get up on Sunday? 2 When do you go to bed on Saturday? 3 Where do you have lunch on Saturday? 4 What do you eat on Sunday? 5 Who do you go out with at the weekend? 6 How many hours of TV do you watch? 9b Students’ own answers Students’ own answers

Developing Speaking  p22 1 a 2  b 5  c 3  d 1  e 4 2 1 Tell us something about yourself. What’s

3a a 5  b 2  c 4  d 3  e 1 3b

Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p23 1 Name: Liam Bryon Age: 14 Lives: Newcastle, UK Brothers and sisters: a brother and a sister Favourite subjects: biology, chemistry Free-time activities: plays guitar in a band, swimming

2 1 Paragraph B  ​2 Paragraph D  ​ 3  Paragraph A  4 Paragraph C 3a 5 with times

3b

Students’ own answers

4 1 I have French and Spanish on Tuesdays. 2 My family and I live in Puebla in Mexico. 3 In the UK, school finishes on

9c

your name and where are you from? 2 Tell us about your family. 3 What about school? What are your favourite subjects? 4 What subjects don’t you like? 5 And what do you do after school?

7

Wednesday 23rd July this year. 4 My brother Jamie plays the guitar and I play the piano. 5 Olga and I go to a music school in Moscow called Borodin.

5 Hi! I’m, I’ve got We’re not bad soon, wishes

6

Language checkpoint: Unit 1 Grammar revision  p25 1 a does  ​b finishes  ​c Do  ​d don’t  ​ e  do  ​f Why  ​g Does  ​h hates 2 1 in  ​2 on  ​3 in  ​4 at  ​5 at  ​6 on 3 a She never plays tennis. (6) b I usually surf the Internet. (2) c We sometimes walk to school. (4) d They hardly ever do sport. (5) e My sister is always happy. (1) f My friends are often late. (3)

Vocabulary revision  p25 1 1 maths  ​2 history  ​3 PE (physical education)  ​ 4 geography  ​5 dressed  ​ 6  breakfast  ​7 break  ​8 home 2 1 takes  ​2 play  ​3 listens  ​4 go  ​ 5  reads  ​6 draw 3 1 library  ​2 fast-food restaurant  ​ 3  shopping centre  ​4 stadium  ​ 5  museum  ​6 swimming pool

Unit 2 Vocabulary  p26 1a Students’ own answers

1b

Students’ own answers

1c 1 kitchen  ​2 bathroom  ​3 garden  ​ 4  hall  ​5 garage  ​6 living room  ​ 7  bedroom  ​8 dining room 2 Students’ own answers

3a

a window  b armchair   c painting/poster  d shelf/shelves e sofa  f lamp/light  g table

3b

Students’ own answers

3c

Students’ own answers

4

Kitchen: microwave, fridge Bedroom: four posters, bed, computer Living room: TV, CD player, armchair, sofa, small table

5

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

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Student’s Book answer key Reading  p27

Vocabulary  p29

1

1a a take the rubbish out  ​b make the bed  ​ c  lay the table  ​d do the washing   ​e  do the ironing  ​ f tidy up 1b

Students’ own answers

2 1 In Washington DC 2 The President of the United States 3 167 4 The room where the President works 3 1 an old  ​2 isn’t  ​3 is  ​4 work  ​ 5  sometimes  ​6 listens to music 4

Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills  pp30–31

Example answer The text generally expresses facts.

1a Students’ own answers

5

bill = paper money main = most important wood = it comes from a tree and is used for making things such as furniture study = a room where you can work or read walls = the upright sides of rooms in a building

6

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp28–29 1 a (1) There’s a large kitchen. b (2) There are 132 rooms. c (4) There aren’t 150 seats. d (5) Is there a cinema? e (6) Yes, there is. f (3) No, there aren’t. 2 1 is/isn’t  ​2 are/aren’t  ​3 are/aren’t  ​ 4  is/isn’t  ​5 is/isn’t  ​6 are/aren’t 3a Students’ own answers

3b

Students’ own answers

4 1 e  ​2 a  ​3 f  ​4 b  ​5 g  ​6 d  ​7 h  ​ 8  c 5 1 C  ​ 2 B  ​3 B  ​4 A  ​5 A  ​6 A  ​7 C 6 1 under  ​2 next to  ​3 near/in front of  ​ 4  on  ​5 behind/near  ​6 in 7 Suggested answers In picture B, there isn’t a cat under a chair. There’s a ball under the table. In picture B, there aren’t two books on the table. There are three. In picture B, there are two cats behind the fridge. In picture B, there’s a CD player and a phone on two shelves. In picture B, there’s a radiator on the wall. There are some shelves above the radiator.

1b

Students’ own answers

2 1 shampoo or shower gel that isn’t natural – bad – they contain hundreds of synthetic chemicals which pollute water 2 reuse or recycle empty containers – good – we throw away billions of containers a year 3 food or drink with plastic packaging – bad – we produce too much rubbish, which is bad for the environment 4 organic food – good – bad farming habits have a negative impact on the environment 5 canned drinks or food – bad – we produce a lot of rubbish 6 leave the tap running when you brush your teeth – bad – uses 18 or 19 litres of water

3 2 we use approximately 50 litres of water per person each day for personal washing/50% of our main rivers are seriously polluted or without enough water 3 plastic packaging kills up to one million seabirds a year 4 we use up to 18 or 19 litres of water if we leave the tap running when we brush our teeth 5 a five-minute shower uses 35 litres of water 6 we throw away 45,000 tonnes of plastic packaging each year 7 we throw away five billion shower gel or shampoo containers every year

4 1 Making your own sandwiches is a good idea because there isn’t any packaging. 2 Using a glass of water when you brush your teeth can save a lot of water. 3 Buying organic food helps the environment because there are no synthetic chemicals. 4 Having short showers saves litres of water. 5 Buying locally-produced food reduces the need for long-distance transport and saves energy.

6 Using natural products in the bathroom helps reduce water pollution.

5 Example answers walk to school, use ecological light bulbs, plant trees, turn devices off, open your curtains and make use of natural light, wear more clothes and turn the heating down, use your own re-useable cup, use rainwater to water your plants

6

Students’ own answers

7a a F (If you don’t turn off electrical equipment completely, it still uses electricity. It’s called standby power.)   ​b  F (I always wear a jumper around the house in winter … think of the energy and money you save!)  ​ c T  ​d T  ​e T  ​ f  F (Do you know that in the UK televisions consume £190 million worth of electricity waiting on standby every year?)

7b 1 b  ​2 c  ​3 a  ​4 f  ​5 d  ​6 e 8 Students’ own answers

Listening  p32 1 1a I can see two girls outside a night club. 1b I can see a girl talking on the phone. 2a I can see two boys playing computer games. 2b I can see two people watching TV. 3a I can see a boy laying the table. 3b I can see a boy cooking. 4a I can see a computer with a celebrity website. 4b I can see a computer with a studycentre website.

2 1 b  ​2 b  ​3 b  ​4 b 3 1 She’s at home. She’s taking the rubbish out. 2 She thinks that the boys are playing computer games and she doesn’t like that. 3 He says he isn’t a great cook, but he isn’t bad at cooking. 4 He wants to use the computer to find some information on the Internet for his biology homework.

Grammar in context  pp32–33 1 1 be  ​2 things that are happening now 2 Answers Most verbs: add -ing do – doing; eat – eating; study – studying; tidy – tidying; wash – washing Verbs ending in consonant + e: take away e and add -ing dance – dancing; have – having; take – taking

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Student’s Book answer key Verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant: double the consonant and add -ing chat – chatting; put – putting; sit – sitting

3a

The stress is on the first syllable (playing).

3b

Students’ own answers

4a 1 Dexter is drawing. 2 Mum is washing the dishes. 3 Lucas and Harry are playing computer

4 1 oh six four nine, double four five, six seven double seven 2 nine eight double six, three two eight, double eight double two 3 nine two one nine, double oh four two, six five one nine 4 seven five double one, double one six five, oh eight six two

5 Students’ own answers

6

games. 4 Dad is doing the ironing. 5 Megan is brushing her teeth. 6 Billy is doing his homework.

Hello, is that Ann? (C) Yes, speaking./No, it’s Isabel. (A) Is Katy there? (C) Sorry, you’ve got the wrong number. (A) Hang on a minute. I’ll get him/her. (A) Can I leave a message? (C) Do you want to leave a message? (A)

4b 1 What is Billy doing? 2 What is Dexter drawing? 3 Are Lucas and Harry playing golf? 4 Is Mum taking the rubbish out? 5 What is Megan doing? 6 Who is doing the ironing? 5 1 He’s doing his homework. 2 He’s drawing a sun. 3 No, they aren’t. They’re playing

7a

Students’ own answers

7b

Students’ own answers

7b

computer games. 4 No, she isn’t. She’s washing the dishes. 5 She’s brushing her teeth. 6 Dad is doing the ironing.

6 1 present simple: a and d; present continuous: b and c 2 routine actions: a and d; actions that are happening now: b and c

7 a are (you) doing  ​b ‘m/am cooking  ​ c  Do (you usually) cook  ​d wash  ​e ‘m/ am helping  ​ f makes  ​g ‘s/is working  ​ h  does (your mum) do 8 Students’ own answers

Developing Speaking  p34 It’s possible for Jessica to speak to Tom in Conversation 2. In Conversation 1, Tom is having a piano lesson. In Conversation 3, Jessica calls the wrong number.

3a Students’ own answers

3 1 ’s/is having  ​2 ’s/is taking; takes  ​ 3  aren’t watching; don’t watch  ​ 4  Is … washing; is

Vocabulary revision  p37 1 1 kitchen  ​2 dining room  ​3 bathroom  ​ 4  hall  ​5 living room  ​6 garage 2 1 take  ​2 do  ​3 up  ​4 lay  ​5 make  ​ 6  wash  ​7 do 3 a shelf  ​b cupboard  ​c chair  ​ d  microwave  ​e washing machine  ​ f  fridge  ​g cooker

Gateway to exams: Units 1–2 Reading  p38

Developing writing  p35

1 1 The school is a special football academy. 2 Students’ own answers 2 1 NM  ​2 F (His parents take him to the academy.)  ​ 3 T  ​4 F (But his mum and

1 Example answer I can see a typical English house in the country. It is old and it’s got a lovely garden with flowers in front of the house. In the other photo, I can see a modern luxury flat with a swimming pool. I prefer this one because I can live like a famous footballer or a Hollywood star.

2 1 It’s the house with the swimming pool. 2 Location: it’s in a warm country, near

the sea; Special rooms or features in the house: it has a spectacular swimming pool, windows not walls, enormous living room, a cinema to watch favourite films; Household objects and furniture: colourful lights, pictures of film stars, comfortable sofas and chairs next to the swimming pool spectacular, bright, comfortable, colourful, enormous

4

dad don’t stay because the teachers don’t want parents to watch the lessons.)  ​ 5 T  ​ 6  F (But from 2.30 to 3.30 they have a football match.)  ​ 7 F (Then it’s time to have a shower and go home.)  ​ 8 NM

3 Students’ own answers

4a a book – reading  ​b digital camera – photography  ​ c CD – listening to music  ​ d  pencils – drawing  ​e DVD – watching films  ​ f comics – reading/collecting  ​ g  computer game – playing games  ​ h  ball – football/tennis/basketball 4b 1 e  ​2 f  ​3 a  ​4 b  ​5 g 5 Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

2

Conversation 1: a 3  ​b 1  ​c 2  ​d 4 Conversation 2: a 3  ​b 1  ​c 2 Conversation 3: a 3  ​b 1  ​c 2

sofa.)

Students’ own answers

3

1

2 1 T  ​2 F (The games console is under the table.)  ​ 3 T  ​4 F (The lamp is next to the sofa.)  ​ 5 T  ​6 F (The armchair is near the

Language checkpoint: Unit 2 Grammar revision  p37

Use of English  p39 6 1 A  ​2 B  ​3 A  ​4 B  ​5 C  ​6 A  ​7 A  ​ 8  C 7 Students’ own answers

1 1 There is  ​2 There aren’t  ​3 There isn’t  ​ 4  There are  ​5 There aren’t  ​6 There is  ​ 7  There is

3b

Students’ own answers

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Student’s Book answer key Unit 3 Vocabulary  p40 1a 1 head  ​ 2 face  ​ 3 ear  ​ 4 nose  ​ 5 mouth  ​ 6 neck  ​ 7 shoulder  ​ 8 chest  ​ 9 back  ​ 10 stomach  ​ 11  arm  ​ 12 elbow  ​ 13 wrist  ​ 14 hand  ​ 15  finger  ​ 16 leg  ​ 17 knee  ​18 ankle  ​ 19 foot  ​ 20 toe

1b

Students’ own answers

2 1 ears  ​2 head  ​3 necks  ​4 stomach  ​ 5  ankle  ​6 toes  ​7 wrist  ​8 fingers 3 a skate  ​b dive  ​c hit  ​d kick 4 1 dive  ​2 run  ​3 kick  ​4 ride a horse  ​ 5  ride a bike  ​6 swim 5a 2 run, dive, swim, ride a bike, rest 3 jump, kick, run, fall, rest 4 ski, skate 5 dive, swim, jump, fall 6 fall, hit, jump, kick 5b Students’ own answers

4

3a

Example answers Famous people appear in TV programmes like Splash! because it is good publicity and it can make them more popular. Famous people also love the attention and sometimes get paid money to appear on TV.

Students’ own answers

Suggested answers 1 basketball, baseball, tennis, table tennis, football, golf, volleyball, rugby 2 basketball, football, volleyball, baseball, rugby 3 ice skating, skiing 4 swimming, sailing, diving 5 gymnastics, cycling, fishing, golf, horseriding, running, diving, skiing, climbing, swimming 6 all sports are Olympic except fishing, climbing, baseball

Grammar in context  pp42–43

3b

5 1 impression  ​2 hurt  ​3 train  ​4 sign  ​ 5  state 6

1 1 True  ​ 2 False  ​3 True 2a

students’ own answers

can’t

Gateway to life skills  pp44–45

2b 1 ✓    ​2  ✓    ​3  ✗    ​4  ✗    ​5  ✓ 2c Students’ own answers

3 1 can’t cook  ​2 can play  ​3 can’t play  ​ 4  can swim  ​5 can’t hit  ​6 can ride 4a Students’ own answers

4b

6

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Reading  p41 1 b Cliff-diving – a dangerous sport 2 1 b (… the divers train hard for hours and hours to be able to do it safely.) 2 a (… the divers must always enter with their feet first, to protect their arms …) 3 a (The weather and the state of the sea make a difference … When the sea is moving a lot … the competition stops.) 4 c (Some people say the programme is dangerous because it gives the impression that diving is easy.) ​5 c (Professor Splash is famous because he dives from a height of 11 metres or more into a small plastic swimming pool for kids.)

3 Suggested answers 1 Small mistakes can be important because divers hit the water very fast, so the consequences can be terrible. 2 Cliff-divers enter the water with their feet first to protect their arms, shoulders and neck. 3 Some people say Splash! is dangerous because it makes diving look easy. 4 Careful preparation and over 25 years of experience help Professor Splash do his dives.

5 1 how we do something  ​ 2  with other verbs  ​3 -ly  ​4 irregular 6 a fast  ​b hard  ​c well  ​d badly  ​ e  slowly  ​f carefully  ​g patiently 7

4 Students’ own answers

1 Students’ own answers

2 1 F  ​2 T  ​3 F  ​4 T  ​5 F  ​6 F 3 1 She talks about types of exercise that are good for the heart (aerobic), strength and flexibility. 2 An expert. 3 To explain how different types of exercise do different things for your body. 4 It’s formal, whereas Celia’s blog is informal. It gives facts, whereas Celia’s gives her opinion.

4 Three different types of exercise

Students’ own answers

Vocabulary  p43 1

1 Aerobic exercise

Indoor: gymnastics, judo, table tennis Outdoor: baseball, cycling, fishing, football, golf, horse-riding, rugby, sailing, skiing Indoor and outdoor: basketball, climbing, diving, ice skating, running, swimming, tennis, volleyball

2a

Students’ own answers

2b

O golf Oo baseball, climbing, cycling, diving, fishing, football, judo, rugby, running, sailing, skiing, swimming, tennis Ooo basketball, horse-riding, ice skating, volleyball oOo gymnastics OoOo table tennis

2 Exercise to build your strength

3 Exercise to improve your flexibility

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What exactly does it do for you? It makes your heart efficient at sending oxygen to your muscles, and builds stamina. You can do exercise for a long time. It gives you strong muscles. That makes you active and full of energy and helps to protect your body. It gives you flexibility. You can move easily in many different positions.

Example sports/ activities Swimming, basketball, cycling and dancing.

Running, cycling and skating (for legs). Gymnastics (for arms and stomach). Gymnastics, yoga and martial arts.

6 of 22

A2

Student’s Book answer key 5 Golf 1 * 2 ** 3** Judo 1 ** 2 *** 3 *** Running 1*** 2** 3** Walking quickly 1 ** 2 * 3*

6 1 Kieran  ​2 George, Molly  ​3 Amelia  ​ 4  George  ​5 Molly  ​6 George  ​ 7  George 7 Students’ own answers

Listening  p46 1 Suggested answers I think you touch the ball with your feet. Perhaps you play Sepak Takraw like volleyball but with your legs and feet.

places you must wear white. The ball can only hit the ground once. You mustn’t shout at the umpire even if you disagree. Table tennis: You must/have to hit the ball with the bat. You mustn’t touch the ball with your hand or foot. The ball must only hit the table once, except on a serve when it has to hit the table on both sides of the net. Volleyball: There have to be six players in a team. You mustn’t bounce the ball. You have to hit the ball with your hands. A team must win a set by a two-point lead. Players mustn’t hit the ball twice in a row. You don’t have to wear shoes if you play beach volleyball.

3a Students’ own answers

3b a Malaysia/Asia  ​b kick  ​c hands/arms   ​d arms/hands  ​e three/3  ​f isn’t  ​ g  flexible  ​h three/3  ​i fifteen/15  ​ j  chest/head  ​k head/chest  ​l soccer 4

5b

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 3 Grammar revision  p51

Vocabulary revision  p51

Students’ own answers

7b

1 Students’ own answers

2 a 17  ​b Wednesdays  ​c 6/six   ​d 4.50  e racket 3a Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp46–47

Students’ own answers

3b

Suggested answers Sepak Takraw: You must/have to kick the ball. You mustn’t touch the ball with your hands or arms. You mustn’t touch the net. Two teams must play the game. Football: You have to/must use your foot or your head to move the ball. You mustn’t use your hands. You can kick the ball or touch it with your head. You don’t have to run a lot if you are the goalkeeper. You must play for at least 90 minutes. Two teams must play the game. Tennis: You must/have to hit the ball with the racket. In most places you don’t have to wear a particular colour, but in some

Students’ own answers

Developing Speaking  p48

6 1 have to  ​2 must/have to  ​3 don’t have to  ​ 4 have to/must  ​5 mustn’t  ​ 6  doesn’t have to  ​7 mustn’t 7a

Students’ own answers

1 1 must, have to  ​2 don’t have to  ​ 3  mustn’t 2 1 have to  ​2 doesn’t have to  ​3 have to  ​ 4  don’t have to  ​5 don’t have to  ​ 6  has to  ​7 don’t have to 3 1 mustn’t  ​2 mustn’t  ​3 must  ​4 must  ​ 5  must  ​6 mustn’t 4 1 NN  ​2 N  ​3 NP  ​ 4 N  ​5 NP  ​6 N  ​ 7  NN 5a

5a

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Suggested answers a name of a country  ​b adjective/noun   ​c  part of the body  ​d part of the body  ​ e  a number  ​f to be (negative or affirmative?)  ​ g adjective  ​h a number  ​ i  a number  ​j part of the body  ​ k  part of the body  ​l name of a sport

The School Tai Chi Club: come, join, bring, wear, call, visit Dylan’s Street Dance Club: come, learn, call, don’t sit, call

1 1 Can you ski?  ​2 I can’t come.  ​3 I can’t play golf.  ​ 4 She can run marathons.  ​ 5  They can’t swim.  ​6 Can you walk?  ​ 7  I can ride a bike. 2 1 patiently  ​2 well  ​3 badly  ​4 fast  ​ 5  slowly  ​6 carefully  ​7 hard 3 1 mustn’t  ​2 must/have to  ​3 don’t have to  ​ 4 mustn’t  ​5 must/have to  ​ 6  don’t have to  ​7 must/have to

5b

2

4

4

like (A) • help (G) • tell (A) • much (A) your (A) • You’re (G) • Thank (G)

5a

1 a nose  ​b toe  ​c finger  ​d chest  ​ e  ankle  ​f neck  ​g stomach 2 a ride  ​b swim  ​c jump  ​d ice skate  ​ e  dive 3 1 judo  ​2 volleyball  ​3 rugby  ​ 4  ice skating  ​5 sailing  ​6 fishing  ​ 7  baseball

Unit 4

Students’ own answers

Vocabulary  p52

Students’ own answers

1a a Italy  ​b Turkey  ​c Egypt  ​d Peru 1b

5b 6

Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p49 1 Students’ own answers

2 The School Tai Chi Club: 1 school gym  ​ 2  Wednesday 5 pm  ​3 learn to relax and control body and mind  ​ 4 call Charlotte or visit website

Dylan’s Street Dance Club: 1 sports hall  ​ 2  Friday 6 pm  ​3 create dance routines, video them and prepare for shows  ​ 4 call Dylan

3 Are you mad about street dance? We usually meet on Friday at 6 pm, in the sports hall. Bring an open mind. Call him now! Don’t sit there!

Students’ own answers

2a

Students’ own answers

2b

Students’ own answers

3a

Students’ own answers

3b

Argentina – Argentinian Mexico – Mexican Brazil – Brazilian Peru – Peruvian China – Chinese Poland – Polish Czech Republic – Czech Russia – Russian Egypt – Egyptian  Scotland – Scottish France – French Slovakia – Slovak the UK – British Spain – Spanish Greece – Greek  Switzerland – Swiss Ireland – Irish Turkey – Turkish Italy – Italian Ukraine – Ukrainian Japan – Japanese the US – American

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7 of 22

A2

Student’s Book answer key 4 1 luggage  ​2 guidebook  ​3 travel agency  ​ 4 passport  ​5 trip/excursion  ​ 6  book  ​7 sightseeing  ​8 tickets  ​ 9  package holiday  ​10 souvenir 5 1 passport  ​2 package holiday  ​ 3  guidebook 6 Students’ own answers

Reading  p53 2 Suggested answers The text is about tourists writing graffiti on famous monuments: a crime in most countries.

3

Suggested answers 1 It was on a 3,500-year-old monument in Luxor, Egypt. 2 Because his message wasn’t imaginative or clever. 3 It is a serious crime and you can go to prison for a year. 4 There is an example of graffiti from 1244 BC. 5 He was an Egyptologist. 6 There is graffiti in lots of languages because in the 19th century Europeans could travel around the world easily. 7 Chinese tourists must behave in a civilised way.

4 Example answers Tourist graffiti is a crime in some countries because it candamage tourism. It isn’t civilised: people don’t want tosee modern writing on ancient monuments.

5 1 crime  ​2 temple  ​3 monument  ​ 4  amuse himself  ​5 discovery  ​6 hunt  ​ 7  civilised

Grammar in context  pp54–55 1 a was  ​b were  ​c wasn’t  ​d weren’t  ​ e  Was  ​f was  ​g wasn’t  ​h were  ​ i  weren’t 2 a were  ​b weren’t  ​c was  ​d was  ​ e  Were  ​f were  ​g Was  ​h wasn’t  ​ i  was 3 1 was  ​2 was  ​3 wasn’t  ​4 weren’t  ​ 5  wasn’t  ​6 were  ​7 wasn’t  ​8 were 4 2 Where were your parents at 10 pm last night? 3 Where was your family last July? 4 Where was your best friend yesterday? 5 Where were you in 2012?

5 Students’ own answers

6 1 the infinitive without to 2 could goes before the subject 7 1 Tourists/They couldn’t book tickets online. 2 They could write graffiti on monuments. 3 They could sail from England to America. 4 They couldn’t travel by car at 160 kph. 5 They couldn’t fly non-stop from England to Japan. 6 They could stay in hotels. 7 They could go on excursions. 8 They couldn’t travel around the world in a week.

8 Students’ own answers

Vocabulary  p55 1 a coach  ​b lorry  ​c ship  ​d tram  ​ e  underground  ​f moped  ​g van 2 Road: bus, car, coach, lorry, moped, motorbike, taxi, van Rail: train, underground Air: helicopter, plane Sea: boat, ship

2 1 is  ​2 festivals  ​3 road 3 1 F (It’s actually not that big …)  ​2 T  ​ 3  NM  ​4 F (There were a lot events in the streets too.)  ​ 5 F (August is a great time to go.)  ​ 6 T  ​7 F (Originally it was for ships to know the time but now I think they probably do it for tourists.)  ​ 8 F (Do you know what shortbread is? It’s a type of biscuit …)  ​ 9 NM  ​10 T

4 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp58–59 1a List A: loved, visited, climbed, walked, wanted List B: bought, ate, went, saw, spoke, understood

1b

List A is regular. List B is irregular.

1c 2 d  ​3 a  ​4 c 1d 1 liked  ​2 cried  ​3 chatted  ​4 wanted  ​ 5  arrived  ​6 worked 2a The three pronunciations for -ed endings are /t/, /d/, /ɪd/.

Gateway to life skills  pp56–57

2b

1

2c

Suggested answers The photo is of two people when they were young. I think they are the creators of a product.

2 1 Maureen and Tony Wheeler.  ​2 Lonely Planet.  ​ 3 Because they created the company Lonely Planet.  ​ 4 Because their books are about travelling all over the world.

3 1 c  ​2 d  ​3 b  ​4 e  ​5 g  ​6 a  ​7 f 4 1 Before Tony and Maureen wrote their guidebook, there weren’t any guidebooks about travelling cheaply. Friends asked them lots of questions about how they did it. 2 Adventurous young travellers. 3 Over five million people!

5a 1 cap  ​2 on the beach  ​3 Half  ​4 isn’t  ​ 5  cheap  ​6 more than one 5b Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

Listening  p58 1 Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers /d/: listened, loved, played, stayed /t/: liked, washed, watched, worked /ɪd/: hated, decided, needed, started, wanted

3 a went  ​b visited  ​c took  ​d used  ​ e  saw  ​f ate  ​g bought  ​h walked  ​ i  spoke  ​j understood 4a 1 had  ​2 made  ​3 caught  ​4 did  ​ 5  swam  ​6 taught  ​7 came  ​8 bought 4b Students’ own answers

5a

Students’ own answers

5b

Students’ own answers

Developing Speaking  p60 1 a 1  ​b 4  ​c 6  ​d 5  ​e 7 2 Students’ own answers

3a

Students’ own answers

3b 1 Barcelona 2 Went with family – mum, dad and brother 3 Went by plane from London (2 hours)

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A2

Student’s Book answer key 4 At Porta Fira Hotel near centre 5 Went sightseeing to Sagrada Familia,

Language checkpoint: Unit 4

shopping on Las Ramblas and to Camp Nou football stadium 6 Paella 7 I love Barcelona T-shirt

Grammar revision  p63

4 a to  ​b by  ​c with  ​d at  ​e to 5a Example answer Last year I had a brilliant holiday. I went to Rio de Janeiro with my family – my mum and my two brothers. We went by plane. It took 13 hours to get there from London! We stayed at a fantastic hotel called the Copacabana Palace. It was near the beach. We went to the beach every day. The water was beautiful. We did some sightseeing, too. We went by train to the top of the Corcovado mountain. Wow! When we looked down on Rio and Sugar Loaf Mountain, it was really spectacular! The food was really good in Rio, too. I loved all the fruit. They had lots of tropical fruit, you know, like pineapples, mangoes and papayas. Delicious! I bought a few things when I was there. Oh yeah, I bought a Brazilian football shirt for a friend of mine who loves football. I had a great time in Rio. I loved everything about it. I want to go back one day!

5b

Students’ own answers

6a

Students’ own answers

6b

Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p61 1a Students’ own answers

1b

Students’ own answers

2a

the food, sightseeing, shopping

2b

the food: We’re sitting in a café having a burger and a milkshake … sightseeing: Yesterday we went sightseeing. We went to the top of the Empire State Building! We also saw the Statue of Liberty and Times Square. shopping: This morning we did some shopping near the hotel. I bought a cool T-shirt, and a little present for you.

3 a Hi  ​ b How  ​c hope  ​d present  ​ e  past  ​f here  ​g Love 4a Students’ own answers

4b

Students’ own answers

1 1 was, could  ​2 wasn’t, was  ​ 3  couldn’t, were  ​4 weren’t 2 1 walked  ​2 studied  ​3 stopped  ​ 4  wanted  ​5 decided  ​6 hated 3 2 He bought CDs and books. 3 I took a pen to the class. 4 We did a lot of sport on Friday. 5 Mrs Jones taught maths. 6 My friend came to school by bus. 7 My dad caught the train to work. 8 They got back home late on Saturday.

Vocabulary revision  p63 1 1 Polish  ​2 Egyptian  ​3 Greece  ​ 4  Turkey  ​5 Scottish  ​6 Switzerland  ​ 7  Chinese 2 1 guidebook  ​ 2 luggage  ​ 3 sightseeing  ​ 4  book  ​5 travel agency  ​6 trip  ​ 7  package holiday 3 1 lorry  ​2 tram  ​3 van  ​4 moped  ​ 5  underground  ​6 coach

Gateway to exams: Units 3–4 Reading  p64 1a Students’ own answers

1b

Students’ own answers

2 1 a (You play underwater, so you have to be able to swim well to play.) 2 b (The game has two halves. Each half is 15 minutes. In the middle the game stops …) 3 b (One team usually wears white and the other team wears blue or black.) 4 c (Only six people from each team can be in the water.) 5 b (To score a goal, you must put the ball in the basket.)

3 Example answers I wouldn’t like to play underwater rugby because it’s very difficult and tiring. I’d like to play underwater rugby because it’s exciting and different.

4

was/were • bought • ate • got • went hated • had • liked • loved • made • read saw • spoke • stayed • took • understood visited • walked • wanted

5 Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

7 1 F (It was with my primary school … )  ​ 2 NM  ​3 F (I could say some simple things.)  ​ 4 NM  ​5 F (My friend … just wanted to eat in fast-food restaurants.)  ​ 6  NM  ​7 F (But when I listened carefully, I understood some things …)

8 Students’ own answers

9

Students’ own answers

Unit 5 Vocabulary  p66 1a a factory  ​b outdoors  ​c garage  ​ d  office  ​e studio 1b Students’ own answers

2

A doctor works in a clinic or hospital. An engineer works in an office, outdoors or in a factory. A farmer works outdoors. A mechanic works in a garage. A nurse works in a hospital or a clinic. A secretary works in an office. A shop assistant works in a shop. A singer works in a studio or a restaurant. A teacher or professor works in a school or university. A waiter or waitress works in a restaurant.

3 1 journalist  ​2 builder  ​3 dentist  ​ 4  cleaner  ​5 actor/actress  ​6 artist  ​ 7  hairdresser  ​8 cook

bus/taxi/lorry driver, footballer and writer/ author do not have definitions.

4a Students’ own answers

4b

Column 1: Ooo bus driver businessman footballer hairdresser journalist secretary Column 2: oOo assistant mechanic professor Column 3: ooO engineer

5

Suggested answers An actor or actress usually works in a theatre or television studio. An artist usually works in a studio. A builder usually works outdoors. A bus/taxi/lorry driver usually works outdoors, in a bus/taxi/lorry. A cleaner usually works in an office or a house.

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9 of 22

A2

Student’s Book answer key A cook usually works in a restaurant. A dentist usually works in a clinic. A footballer usually works outdoors. A hairdresser usually works in a hair salon. A journalist usually works in an office or outdoors. A writer or author usually works at home.

6 1 taxi driver  ​2 dentist  ​3 actor  ​ 4  businesswoman 7 Students’ own answers

Reading  p67 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3a 1 B  ​ 2 MM  ​3 DA  ​4 DA  ​5 MM  ​ 6  DA  ​7 B  ​8 MM 3b 1 Michael Morpurgo studied English and French at university. David Almond studied literature at university. 2 Michael Morpurgo’s first job was as a primary teacher. David Almond’s first job was in a hotel. 3 David Almond’s hobbies include running and football. 4 David Almond always wanted to be a professional writer. 5 The film version of War Horse was popular, but Skellig wasn’t a success. 6 David Almond once worked as a builder. 7 Michael Morpurgo has won prizes and David Almond won the Hans Christian Andersen Award in 2010. 8 Michael’s first book was a collection of the stories he told to his students. David’s first books were for adults.

4

5 Johnny Depp didn’t drive a taxi. He played in a rock band. 6 Julia Roberts didn’t make ice cream. She was a shop assistant in an ice cream shop. 7 JK Rowling didn’t teach French. She taught English.

3 a was  ​b didn’t like  ​c left  ​d worked  ​ e  didn’t have  ​f went  ​g had  ​h wrote  ​ i  needed  ​j gave  ​k asked  ​l didn’t want  ​ m became  ​n left  ​o started  ​ p  won 4a (If the sentences are not true, they should be rewritten as follows:) 1 I didn’t like coffee when I was 11. 2 I didn’t play with toy cars when I was five. 3 I didn’t go to another country last summer. 4 I didn’t win a prize before the age of 12. 5 I didn’t do sport last weekend. 6 I didn’t go out last night. 7 I didn’t have a party at my house for my last birthday.

4b Students’ own answers

5 1 infinitive  ​2 don’t repeat 6a 1 did, star  ​2 did, create  ​3 did, make  ​ 4  did, play  ​5 did, give 6b 1 Pirates of the Caribbean   ​2  The Simpsons  ​3 The Moonwalk  ​ 4  tennis  ​5 the Statue of Liberty 7a Students’ own answers

7b

Students’ own answers

7c

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

5 1 award  ​2 ambition  ​3 charity  ​ 4  reading out  ​5 suggested 6

Vocabulary  p69 1a a Shakespeare – he was a playwright, actor and poet b Mozart – he was a composer and musician

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp68–69

1b

1 1 a, c, d  ​2 didn’t 2a

actor • composer • dancer • director musician • novelist • painter • playwright poet • singer • writer

Students’ own answers

2b 1 Beyoncé helped her mother, who was a hairdresser. 2 Bruce Willis didn’t work in a fast-food restaurant. He worked in a factory. 3 Brad Pitt wanted to be a journalist. But he didn’t finish his university studies in journalism. 4 Jennifer Aniston didn’t work as a secretary. She worked as a waitress.

2

Students’ own answers

3

Suggested answers ballet – dancer/composer, classical music – composer/musician, film – actor/ director, literature – novelist/writer, opera – composer/director/singer, poetry – poet, theatre – actor, director, playwright

4

Gateway to life skills  pp70–71 1 Students’ own answers

2

Suggested answers You can improve your language skills. It’s a good way to relax. Stories are interesting. You can learn about new subjects.

3

Students’ own answers

4a 1 When we read or continue reading something because we want to. 2 Because they think reading doesn’t look cool.

4b Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

6 1 Do  ​2 Don’t  ​3 Do  ​4 Do  ​5 Don’t  ​ 6  Do  ​7 Do 7a Students’ own answers

7b

Students’ own answers

Listening  p72 1a Students’ own answers

1b 1 British  ​2 19th century  ​3 the city  ​ 4  were  ​5 liked 2a Students’ own answers

2b a 7th February 1812  ​b prison  ​ c  factory  ​d terrible  ​e theatre  ​ f  journalist  ​g America/the US  ​h talks  ​ i  58 3 a 1812  ​b He moved to London.  ​ c  He went to work in a factory  ​ d 1836–1837  ​ e He went to America for the first time.  ​ f He went to America for the second time.  ​ g 1870 4 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  p72 1 1 activities in progress  ​2 short completed actions  ​ 3 blue – past simple, red – past continuous  ​ 4 -ing form  ​ 5  while 2a a wasn’t raining  ​b was running   ​c  was wearing  ​d wasn’t wearing  ​ e  was shouting  ​f were buying   ​g  were watching  ​h weren’t looking  ​ i  was taking  ​j was sleeping 2b Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

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10 of 22

A2

Student’s Book answer key 3 2 My mum was waiting for me when I got home. 3 She saw an accident while she was waiting for the bus. 4 He was walking in the park when he had an idea for a novel. 5 They heard a knock on the door while they were watching TV. 6 We weren’t listening when the teacher gave the answer. 7 They were dancing when he stood on her toe!

4 a wrote  ​b was studying  ​c had  ​ d  was travelling  ​e didn’t have   ​f  were travelling  ​g didn’t ask  ​h went  ​ i  was living  ​j had 5a Students’ own answers

5b

Students’ own answers

Developing Speaking  p74 1 Suggested answers I think they are photographs of a famous writer with some fans. She’s signing autographs in books she wrote. She looks very happy. Some people are taking photographs.

2 1 A year ago. 2 In a bookshop in Miami. 3 Her sister. 4 They couldn’t find the bookshop and

they were going round and round in circles for ages. 5 When they arrived, hundreds of people were waiting. 6 When they met her, Veronica Roth signed her book. 7 Yes, it was. Veronica Roth was very kind and patient and they made lots of friends while they were waiting.

3 That’s incredible! • Wow! • Cool! • Oh, no! Did she?

4a

Students’ own answers

4b

Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

7

Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p75 1 Students’ own answers

2 1 D  ​2 B  ​3 A  ​4 C

3

2b

past simple, past continuous, present simple Two months ago, Then, Next, In the end

apple • biscuit • burger • butter • chicken coffee • fizzy • ice cream • lemon • melon milkshake • orange • pizza • salad strawberry • sugar • water • yoghurt

5

3a

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

6a

3b

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

4

6b

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 5 Grammar revision  p77 1 1 didn’t go  ​2 didn’t finish  ​3 didn’t have  ​ 4 didn’t read  ​5 didn’t swim  ​ 6  didn’t write  ​7 didn’t buy 2 1 arrived  ​2 was sitting  ​3 appeared  ​ 4  got  ​5 was shining  ​6 broke 3 1 Did you go to school last Monday? Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 2 Did Mozart play the piano? Yes, he did. 3 What did Tolkien write? He wrote Lord of the Rings. 4 Where did you go last summer? (Students’ own answers) 5 Did JK Rowling draw comics? No, she didn’t. 6 What time did you go to bed last night? I went to bed at … 7 Did it rain yesterday? Yes, it did./No, it didn’t.

Vocabulary revision  p77 1 1 garage  ​2 restaurant  ​3 office  ​ 4  outdoors  ​5 clinic 2 1 teacher  ​2 cleaner  ​3 builder  ​ 4  waiter  ​5 engineer  ​6 journalist  ​ 7  hairdresser  ​8 businesswoman 3 1 ballet  ​2 opera  ​3 literature  ​ 4  poetry  ​5 painter  ​6 director  ​ 7  theatre

Unit 6 1a a beans  ​b egg  ​c fish  ​d banana  ​ e  melon  ​f orange juice  ​g soft drink/ fizzy drink  ​ h nuts  ​i meat  ​j chicken  ​ k  strawberry  ​l apple  ​m lemon  ​ n  milkshake 1b Students’ own answers

2a

4 a pizzas  ​b tomato  ​c cheese  ​ d  chicken  ​e white coffee  ​f black  ​ g  salad  ​h burger  ​i chips  ​j cheese and tomato  ​ k chicken and egg 5 Students’ own answers

Reading  p79 1 Students’ own answers

2 a A chicken burger has chicken, tomato, cheese, salad, salt, sugar, preservatives, antioxidants, chemical flavours, hormones and water. b A strawberry milkshake has milk, sugar, special flavours and chemicals.

3 1 F (Chicken burgers and milkshakes have got chemical additives.)  ​ 2 F (There is some chicken in a chicken burger.)  ​ 3  T  ​4 F (There are over 4,500 possible chemical flavours to choose from.)  ​ 5 T  ​ 6  F (They cost a lot of money and they go bad. Also modern consumers don’t think that the flavour of strawberries is strong or sweet.)  ​ 7 T

4 Example answers The writer uses a, c and d, e.g. a The real ingredients in the food; Chicken burgers are 45% water; can contain 60 chemicals c Chicken burgers are 45% water; there aren’t usually any real strawberries in strawberry milkshake. d What’s in your food? (title) But have you got any idea what exactly is inside the food you’re eating? (sub-heading) But what’s inside that? (paragraph 2)

5 chemical additives = extra ingredients in food that are not natural flavour = something that has taste preservatives = chemicals that keep food fresh for longer choose = decide hormones = chemicals that make animals grow consumers = people that buy things

6

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

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A2

Student’s Book answer key Grammar in context  pp80–81

2

1a Students’ own answers

1b

List A: uncountable; List B: countable

2

Countable: biscuit, burger, egg, tomato Uncountable: bread, butter, cheese, meat, rice, sugar

3 1 b  ​2 c  ​3 a 4 1 some  ​2 an  ​3 any  ​4 some  ​5 any  ​ 6  some  ​7 a 5 a any  ​b any  ​c a  ​d any  ​e any  ​ f  some 6a 1 isn’t any  ​2 is some  ​3 is a   ​4  are some  ​5 isn’t any  ​6 is some  ​ 7  is an  ​8 aren’t any 6b First fridge: there’s some orange juice, there’s a banana, there’s an apple, there’s some fish, there’s some cheese, there’s some pizza/there’s a pizza, there’s some milk, there are some tomatoes, there isn’t any lemonade, there isn’t any chicken, there isn’t any water Second fridge: there isn’t any orange juice, there isn’t a banana, there isn’t an apple, there isn’t any fish, there isn’t any cheese, there isn’t any pizza, there’s a tomato, there’s some milk, there’s some lemonade, there’s some/a chicken, there’s some yoghurt, there’s some water

7

It is useful because it makes healthy eating easy to understand by showing the types and quantities of foods we need to have a healthy and well-balanced diet. It shows how much of what you eat should come from each food group. You use it by trying to eat the right quantities from each group.

3

Fruit and vegetables – They give us vitamins, fibre and energy. Bread, rice, potatoes, pasta – They give us fibre, energy and important nutrients./ People might not eat enough because they think they make them fat. Milk and dairy products – They give us protein, vitamins and calcium./They contain a lot of fat and this can be bad for our hearts. Meat, fish, eggs and beans – They are a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals. Oily fish contains omega 3 fatty acids which are good for the heart./Meat also contains fat. Fat and sugar – They give us energy./ Eating a lot gives us more energy than we need or can use.

4

Students’ own answers

5a

Students’ own answers

5b

Students’ own answers

6 1 b  ​2 c  ​3 d  ​4 a 7a

Students’ own answers

7b

Students’ own answers

Vocabulary  p81 1a a a can of fizzy drink  ​b a bottle of water  ​ c  a glass of milk  ​d a carton of orange juice  ​ e a cup of coffee  ​f a slice of pizza  ​ g a packet of biscuits 1b Students’ own answers

2 2 glass, bottle, can  ​3 carton, bottle, glass  ​ 4 cup  ​5 packet  ​6 packet  ​ 7  bottle, carton, glass, can 3a

Suggested answers 1 Very healthy – Fruit has a lot of vitamins and milk has calcium. 2 Quite healthy – Milk and cheese are good for you but they are also high in fat. 3 Quite healthy – Some cereals can be very high in sugar and salt but she tries to eat healthy cereals and not too many cereal bars. 4 Very healthy – He adds fresh fruit to plain yoghurt, which is low in sugar.

7c Students’ own answers

Listening  p84

Students’ own answers

He wanted to stop New York restaurants, cinemas and stadiums from serving supersize fizzy drinks.

Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills  pp82–83 1 1 a  ​2 e  ​3 c  ​4 d  ​5 b

2

Other foods visible on the plate: 1 crackers, cereal, corn, oats  ​2 apples, grapes, red, green and yellow peppers, cherries, tomatoes, mushrooms, cucumber, melon  ​ 3 cakes (various)  ​4 chicken, salmon, peanuts  ​ 5 cheese (various), yoghurt

Grammar in context  pp84–85 1 1 True  ​2 True  ​3 True  ​4 True 2 1 a lot of  ​2 much/a lot of  ​ 3 a lot of  ​ 4  many/a lot of  ​5 much/a lot of  ​ 6  a lot of 3 Suggested answers There’s a lot of orange juice. There aren’t many bananas. There are a lot of strawberries. There aren’t any nuts. There aren’t many biscuits. There are some grapes. There isn’t much lemonade.

4a 1 How many  ​2 How many  ​ 3  How many  ​4 How much  ​ 5  How many  ​6 How much   ​7  How many  ​8 How much 4b Students’ own answers

5 1 is  ​2 isn’t 6 1 should  ​2 shouldn’t  ​3 shouldn’t  ​ 4  should  ​5 shouldn’t  ​6 shouldn’t 7 2 She should wash her hands. 3 She should open the window. 4 He should move the knife. 5 She should put the ice cream in the fridge. 6 They shouldn’t play there.

8a Students’ own answers

8b

Students’ own answers

Developing Speaking  p86 1 Students own answers

2a 1 six pounds fifty or six fifty 2 four pounds seventy-five or four seventy-five

2b

1

3b

who can’t stop drinking these enormous drinks. We need to make it impossible for those people to buy them.)  ​4  e (They should make and sell normal-size healthy drinks – you know, juices and stuff …)

Sam and Natalie agree with Mr Bloomberg.

3

1  d (But in my opinion the government … should explain to people why they’re bad.)  ​ 2  a (… they should let people make their own decisions and live with the consequences.)  ​ 3  c (There are people

Fish and chips: six pounds fifty or six fifty Chicken club sandwich: four pounds seventy-five or four seventy-five Cheeseburger: seven pounds ten or seven ten Vegetarian pizza: six pounds eighty-five or six eighty-five Garlic bread: three pounds twenty or three twenty Greek salad: four pounds ninety-five or four ninety-five Chips: one pound eighty or one eighty

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A2

Student’s Book answer key Rice: one pound fifty or one fifty Cheesecake: four pounds seventy-five or four seventy-five Chocolate brownie: four pounds thirty or four thirty Ice cream: three pounds thirty or three thirty Fruit salad: three pounds ninety or three ninety Milkshake: two pounds ninety-five or two ninety-five Juice: two pounds ten or two ten Regular lemonade: two pounds twenty or two twenty Large lemonade: two pounds ninety or two ninety

3

Jamie: a cheeseburger and chips, a milkshake Becky: a chicken club sandwich, regular lemonade

4a

3a Students’ own answers

3b

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 6 Grammar revision  p89 1 1 U  ​2 U  ​3 U  ​4 C  ​5 U  ​6 U  ​ 7  C  ​8 U 2 1 is some  ​2 aren’t any  ​3 is an   ​4  are some  ​5 is some  ​6 isn’t any 3 1 a lot of  ​2 much  ​3 a lot of/much  ​ 4  many  ​5 a lot of 4 1 You should write carefully in exams. 2 Young children shouldn’t watch very violent films. 3 You should look before you cross the road. 4 People should help their friends. 5 You shouldn’t talk when the teacher is talking. 6 Everyone should eat a balanced diet. 7 You shouldn’t speak on your mobile phone in the cinema.

Students’ own answers

4b a 2  ​b 8  ​c 7  ​d 1  ​e 4  ​f 6   ​   3 (5 not used) g 5 Students’ own answers

6 a ready  ​b get  ​c meal  ​d total  ​ e  Here’s  ​f have  ​g ’ll  ​h like 7

Vocabulary revision  p89

Students’ own answers

1 1 milk  ​2 chips  ​3 meat  ​4 juice  ​ 5  eggs  ​6 ice cream 2 1 sugar  ​2 milkshake  ​3 rice  ​4 nuts  ​ 5  salad  ​6 grapes 3 1 a slice of pizza  ​2 a glass of water  ​ 3  a packet of biscuits  ​4 a cup of tea  ​ 5  a carton of juice  ​6 a can of lemonade

Developing writing  p87 1a Photo 1: There are six people having a picnic in a park/ in the countryside, they are eating pizza and drinking soft drinks. Photo 2: There are five people inside a house sharing a pizza, drinking orange juice.

1b

Photo 1 – Invitation c Photo 2 – Invitation b

Gateway to exams: Units 5–6

1c

Invitation a 1 Max  ​2 His final exam  ​3 Dinner at a fast-food restaurant and the cinema  ​ 4  Fosters, the fast-food restaurant on Green Street  ​ 5 Saturday at seven o’clock  ​ 6  – Invitation b 1 Alice.  ​2 New house.  ​3 A party.  ​ 4  The new house.  ​5 Next Friday at seven o’clock.  ​ 6 Some food – pizzas, sandwiches or something. Invitation c 1 Dan.  ​2 (To celebrate that) the summer holidays are here.  ​ 3 A picnic.  ​4 The park.  ​ 5 Wednesday afternoon at one o’clock.  ​ 6 Soft drinks and a ball.

2 a inviting  ​b like  ​c know  ​d make  ​ e  Hope  ​f bring  ​g bring  ​h Don’t

Reading  p90 1 Students’ own answers

2

The photos are of Oprah Winfrey and Angelina Jolie. Oprah Winfrey is a TV presenter and businesswoman, and Angelina Jolie is an actress. They are both American and very rich and famous. Both use their money and fame to help others.

3 1 AJ (Thanks to all her charity work, Jolie

was the first person to win the Citizen of the World award.)  ​ 2 OW (In 2007, she began a school in South Africa to help poor girls to get a good education.)  ​ 3 OW (Oprah Winfrey is one of the most famous TV presenters in the world. She was also an

actress … she’s an important and successful businesswoman too.)  ​ 4 B (… she went there to help them in person./She often visits these places to help the people.)  ​ 5  OW (But her life as a child was difficult and she knew all about being poor.)  ​ 6 AJ (… she doesn’t sleep in five-star hotels. She works and lives in the same conditions as the people who work for UNHCR.)  ​ 7  OW (She became the first ever AfricanAmerican billionaire … as a child … she knew all about being poor.)

Listening  p90 4 Students’ own answers

5 a Donald Duck  ​b art  ​c 1940   d  22 Oscars  ​e California  ​f 65  ​ g  long cartoon film  ​h three fingers

Use of English  p91 6 2 B  ​3 F  ​4 H  ​5 A  ​6 D (C and E not used)

7 Students’ own answers

8 1 Jonathan Smith 2 A friend is arriving from the US 3 A barbecue 4 Jonathan’s garden 5 Saturday at six o’clock 6 Something to drink 7 Formal. The salutations and register are formal, e.g. Dear Mr Franklin, Please inform me … , etc. The constructions are complex, e.g. … it is not necessary … There are no contractions, informal words or phrasal verbs.

Unit 7 Vocabulary  p92 1a a a wolf’s eye  ​b a shark’s mouth  ​ c  a bee  ​d a lizard’s skin 1b Students’ own answers

2a

Land: alligator, bear, lizard, scorpion, snake, spider, tiger, wolf Water: alligator, jellyfish, shark, snake Air: bee, eagle

2b

Students’ own answers

3

Bite: alligator, bear, shark, snake, spider, tiger, wolf Sting: bee, jellyfish, scorpion

4a a sky  ​b mountain  ​c valley  ​d hill  ​ e  river  ​f waterfall  ​g island  ​h lake  ​ i  forest  ​j field  ​k flowers  ​l grass 4b Students’ own answers

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A2

Student’s Book answer key 5 1 tiger  ​2 river  ​3 bee  ​4 eagle  ​ 5  waterfall  ​6 snake 6

4 Brandon and Sam are going to build a

Students’ own answers

5a 2 What’s Jacob going to do? 3 Are Brandon and Sam going to jump

Students’ own answers

down a waterfall? 4 Is Zak going to buy a pet spider? 5 What’s Lily going to do? 6 Is Katie going to make a TV series about wildlife? 7 Who’s going to build a house in the country?

Gateway to life skills  p96–97

house in the country. 5 Zak’s going to live on an island. 6 Lily’s going to jump down a waterfall.

Reading  p93 1a Suggested answers I can see a man climbing in the mountains. He looks strong. I think this man must be an expert on survival in dangerous places.

1b

Bear Grylls’ new TV series

5b 1 No, they aren’t. They’re going to make

2 1 c (… he isn’t going to be alone in the wild.)  ​ 2 b (The contestants are going to have to make fires and a shelter, go through obstacles, keep safe and dry at night, and, of course, find food.)  ​ 3  c (Bear chose New Zealand’s South Island because … for the contestants it’s going to be a difficult test …)  ​ 4 a (… he wants to see how ordinary people can become heroes.)  ​ 5 b (… he does exercise for about 60 minutes a day, six days a week.)  ​ 6 b (… his friends don’t go to his house for dinner when they know that he’s cooking!)

3 Example answer Angelina Jolie – because she is a successful working mother and helps many people with her important humanitarian work.

4

contestants = the players in a TV game show shelter = a place where people are protected from bad weather and danger chose = selected/picked from a number of options extreme = unusual, difficult and unexpected parachute = a large piece of cloth attached by strings to someone who jumps out of a plane to help them land

5

A packet of biscuits is going to be useful for eating. A knife is going to be useful for cutting things or making a shelter. Some string is going to be useful for making a shelter or tying something if it gets broken. A notebook and pencil aren’t going to be useful. A mobile phone is going to be useful for calling for help. A blanket is going to be useful for keeping warm or building a shelter. A box of matches is going to be useful for making a fire. A plastic bag is going to be useful for keeping things dry.

6b

1 the infinitive

2b

Students’ own answers

2a

carnivorous = describes an animal that eats meat fell = got smaller in number rising = increasing in number endangered species = a type of animal or plant that may soon disappear from the world

2b 1 T  ​2 T  ​3 T  ​4 F (it rose)  ​5 F (it’s remaining steady)  ​ 6 F (they live near

mountain rivers 400–700 metres above sea level)  ​ 7 T

3 1 Visual presentations of information. 2 They can give lots of information in a fast, clear, direct and memorable way. 3 Egyptian hieroglyphics, the London Underground map, NASA’s space infographics.

4 1 They help to make information attractive and interesting and more memorable. 2 We can use graphs, pie charts, maps, colour coding, diagrams, icons and tables. 3 It takes a complex network of train lines and transforms them into a colourful, clear, attractive diagram which is easy to use. 4 They took infographics into space so that if people on different planets found the pictures, they could understand all the basics about our planet without needing any translation.

5 1 Garamba National Park,

Students’ own answers

6

Vocabulary  p95

3 a is  ​b are  ​c do  ​d isn’t  ​e to  ​ f  are  ​g am  ​h not  ​ i have 4 2 Rose and Tyler are going to make a TV

1

7a

Students’ own answers

‘Going to’ is pronounced ‘gonna’.

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

7b

2a

3b

Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa.  ​ 2  Approximately 2,500 kilos.  ​3 Grey.  ​ 4  Grass.  ​5 Critically endangered.  ​ 6  2,000.  ​7 Four.

6c

Grammar in context  p94–95

series about wildlife. 3 Jacob’s going to write a book about bees.

6a

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

a TV series about wildlife. 2 He’s going to write a book about bees. 3 No, they aren’t. They’re going to build a house in the country. 4 No, he isn’t. He’s going to live on an island. 5 She’s going to jump down a waterfall. 6 No, she isn’t. She’s going to buy a pet spider. 7 Brandon and Sam are going to build a house in the country.

2 1 rainy/raining  ​2 sunny  ​3 windy  ​ 4  snow  ​5 storms  ​6 fog  ​7 cloudy 3a

1a a cloudy  ​b wet/rainy  ​c windy  ​ d  snowy  ​e stormy  ​f foggy  ​g cold  ​ h  warm  ​i hot  ​j icy  ​k sunny  ​l dry 1b cloud – cloudy • fog – foggy • ice – icy rain – rainy • snow – snowy • storm – stormy sun – sunny • wind – windy

Students’ own answers

Listening  p98 1 Suggested answers 1 Students’ own answers 2 Students’ own answers 3 In a zoo or a wildlife centre, you can walk around and see different animals, birds, reptiles and insects, etc., and you can hear talks about some animals. In a safari park, you can drive around and see animals in places similar to their natural habitat.

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A2

Student’s Book answer key 2 1 Green Forest Wildlife Centre.  ​2 Yes.  ​ 3  Seven days a week.  ​4 £12. 3 1 T  ​2 T  ​3 F (And you can even go for a relaxing ride on our old train.)  ​ 4 T  ​ 5  F (TV explorer Jenny Smith is coming to open it …)  ​ 6 F (We’re open seven days a week, from 10 am to 5 pm.)  ​ 7 F (… adults between 16 and 60 pay 17 pounds.)

Grammar in context  p98–99 1 1 ’ll and won’t  ​2  the infinitive (without to)

2a 1 Polar bears will disappear soon. 2 The weather will change a lot in the future. 3 Next summer, it won’t be very hot. 4 Lots of people will drive electric cars in 20 years. 5 There won’t be food for everybody in the future. 6 The ice at the North Pole will disappear in the next 25 years. 7 People won’t eat meat in the future.

2 a zoo, a shopping centre, an art gallery,

6

an aquarium, a swimming pool, a theatre, a stadium (football match/concert), a theme park, etc. 3 At the cinema, you can see films. You can meet your friends there. You can eat popcorn. At the skatepark, you can do tricks and jumps. You can ride a bike. At the museum, you can see exhibits. You can learn things. At the water park, you can go down a water slide. You can swim. You can have fun with your friends.

Students’ own answers

2 1 They are going to the cinema. 2 They are going on Thursday. 3 They are meeting outside the cinema. 4 They are meeting at half past five. 3 a see a film  ​b Wednesday  ​ c  Wednesday  ​d safari park  ​ e  Thursday  ​f outside the cinema  ​ g  5.30 4 Do you want to, Great, Sorry, I can’t

5a

Students’ own answers

5b

Students’ own answers

2b

7

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 7 Grammar revision  p103 1 2 On Tuesday, he isn’t going to do the shopping. 3 On Tuesday, he’s going to do his homework. 4 On Wednesday, is he going to tidy his bedroom? 5 Yes, he is. 6 On Thursday, he’s going to go for a run. 7 What’s he going to do on Friday? 8 On Friday, he isn’t going to have a party.

2 a will  ​b Will  ​c won’t  ​d won’t  ​ e  will  ​f won’t  ​g will 3 1 Why are you crying? P 2 We aren’t playing tennis tomorrow

Students’ own answers

6

3

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p101

morning. F 3 This summer, we’re flying to London. F 4 I’m going to university when I finish school. F

1

Vocabulary revision  p103

4a

Students’ own answers

what time they’re meeting; what American football game they’re going to see; if they will invite Ben

4b

Students’ own answers

4c

2

Students’ own answers

5 a 2  ​b 1  ​c 1  ​d 2 6 1 are, doing  ​2 ’m going  ​3 Are, taking  ​ 4  ’m making  ​5 ’m not doing  ​ 6  ’re helping 7a 1 What are you doing tonight? 2 What are you doing after school tomorrow? 3 Where are you going on Saturday? 4 Are your parents eating out this weekend? 5 Are you and your friends meeting on Sunday? 6 What time are you finishing school today?

Yes and yes

3

Example of: subject + verb + object: I saw Ben the other day question: auxiliary + subject: Shall we invite adjective + noun: great news adverb of frequency + main verb: He never goes out during the week. be + adverb of frequency: He’s usually free at the weekend.

4 1 My friends and I always go to the lake at

7b Students’ own answers

Developing Speaking  p100 1 Answers/Suggested answers 1 a cinema  ​b skatepark  ​c museum  ​ d  water park

the weekend. 2 Where will your friends go on Saturday morning? 3 I think that Jo lives in Lima. 4 In my opinion, this is a very normal place to live. 5 We are never ready for changes in the weather. 6 When we got to the safari park the rain started.

5 about the weather in August; about the area where you live; if they will do any sport

1 1 wolf  ​2 jellyfish  ​3 spider  ​4 bee  ​ 5  snake  ​6 alligator  ​7 lizard 2 1 icy  ​2 clouds  ​3 dry  ​4 foggy  ​ 5  storm  ​6 rains  ​7 hot 3 a island  ​b grass  ​c river  ​ d mountain/hill  ​e waterfall  ​f lake  ​ g  field  ​h flower

Unit 8 Vocabulary  p104 1a Answers/Suggested answers 1 a excited/happy  ​b confused  ​ c  surprised/happy  ​d tired  ​ e  frightened/excited 2 a Because a friend is arriving.  ​ b  Because they are lost.  ​c Because she is receiving a present/it’s her birthday.  ​ d  Because he didn’t sleep last night.  ​ e  Because the ride is frightening/scary.

1b Students’ own answers

1c

angry (B) • bored (B) • confused (B) disappointed (B) • excited (G) frightened (B) • happy (G) • interested (G) relaxed (G) • sad (B) • stressed (B) surprised (D) • tired (D) • worried (B)

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A2

Student’s Book answer key 2 1 relaxed  ​2 excited  ​3 tired  ​ 4  worried  ​5 disappointed 3a

7  Jake23 (In richer countries, kids feel bad

Example answers I feel angry when my sister takes my things. I feel bored when my friends go away. I feel confused when I don’t understand the teacher. I feel disappointed when my favourite football team loses. I feel excited when I go to a concert. I feel frightened when I see a big spider. I feel happy when my cousins come to stay with us. I feel interested when I read about other countries. I feel relaxed when I watch a good DVD. I feel sad when I watch the news. I feel stressed when I have a lot of homework. I feel surprised when my teacher doesn’t give us homework. I feel tired when I go to bed late. I feel worried when I get low marks in an exam.

3b

Students’ own answers

4 1 kind /kaɪnd/  ​2 intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒ(ə) nt/  ​ 3  lazy /ˈleɪzi/  ​4 cheerful /ˈtʃɪə(r) f(ə)l/  ​ 5 responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəb(ə) l/  ​ 6 quiet /ˈkwaɪət/  ​7 serious /ˈsɪəriəs/  ​ 8  hard-working /hɑː(r)d ˈwɜː(r)kɪŋ/ 5a Students’ own answers

5b

Students’ own answers

Reading  p105

if their mobile phone is older than their friend’s.)  ​ 8 Luke52 (I think the report is fine, but then newspapers make the results sound so negative.)

3 Example answers Jake23 thinks that we should be worried about young people in poorer countries instead of teenagers who have everything. (opinion) June8 explains that there are a lot of poor families in supposedly richer countries like the US and the UK. Reports show that education and health is worse for some children there than in poorer countries. (fact) Marion11 agrees that teenagers in the Netherlands are happy. She thinks that they are more positive about life than kids in the UK and US who feel disappointed that their lives aren’t perfect like on television. (fact/ opinion) Luke52 thinks that young people are healthier now than in the past as they learn at school about exercise, eating well and the dangers of smoking. He thinks that the reality is different from that shown in newspapers. (opinion based on personal experience)

4

care = be interested in gadgets = electronic devices like mobile phones or MP3 players lucky = good things happen because of chance dangers = things that might cause harm or damage relationship = the way people behave towards and are involved with each other

5

1a

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp106–107

1b

1a a older  ​b sadder  ​c happier  ​ d  more important  ​e better  ​f worse 1b

Students’ own answers

1c

Students’ own answers

2 1 Luke52 (Maybe things could be better

than

here in the UK, but they could also be a lot worse.)  ​ 2 June8 (… education isn’t always better there. The results in tests were worse in the US and in the UK … and some kids are more unhealthy in the US …)  ​ 3 Marion11 (Maybe one problem is that in the UK and the US, television and newspapers make kids feel disappointed because their lives aren’t perfect.)  ​ 4 Jake23 (I don’t care if Dutch children are happier than British kids or if American teenagers are sadder than Swedish teenagers.)  ​ 5 June8 (We usually think that the US and the UK are super-rich countries … Reports like this are useful because they show that things aren’t always what they seem.)  ​ 6 Marion11 (I’m 15 and I’m from the Netherlands. It’s true that we’re generally very happy here.  ​

2 2 more beautiful  ​3 higher  ​4 kinder  ​ 5  more hard-working  ​6 lazier  ​ 7  friendlier  ​8 thinner 3a Students’ own answers

3b

Students’ own answers

4a 2 Luke is more worried than Jake. 3 Holly is happier than Amy. 4 Ben is more confused than Max. 5 Harry is more relaxed than Jack. 6 Isabelle is more intelligent than Emma. 7 Charlie is worse at French than Adam. 4b Students’ own answers

5a Students’ own answers

5b 1 Turkey is smaller than Mexico. 2 The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is taller than the Empire State Building. 3 In July, it is hotter in Kiev than in London. 4 It’s more expensive to live in Trondheim, Norway than to live in London, UK. 5 The Great Pyramid of Giza is older than the pyramid at Chichén Itzá. 6 Mexico City is more modern than Istanbul. 7 Egypt is bigger than Spain.

6a Example answers 1 I think ice hockey is better than football. 2 Maths is more difficult than French. 3 In my opinion, a little brother is worse than a big brother. 4 Saturn is bigger than Earth. 5 I think English is easier than science. 6 Adam Sandler is funnier than Ben Stiller.

6b Students’ own answers

7a

Life in New York is more exciting/faster/ more stressful than in Ljubljana. Life in Ljubljana is easier/quieter/more relaxed/slower than in New York. People in New York are angrier/more worried than people in Ljubljana. People in Ljubljana are friendlier/happier/ healthier/more relaxed than people in New York.

7b

Students’ own answers

Vocabulary  p107 1a Suggested answers a poverty  ​ b pollution  ​ c unemployment  ​ d  poverty, homelessness, hunger

1b Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills  p108–109 1 Suggested answers 1 Helps children make their wishes come true. 2 Protects animals. 3 Helps children to complete their education.

2 Make-A-Wish Foundation 1) Helps children suffering from a medical condition. 2) It makes a perfect experience by making dreams come true. 3) Wishes include meeting a famous person, going to the zoo/a famous city, being a doctor/police officer for the day.

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Student’s Book answer key PETA 1) It protects animals. 2) It rescues suffering animals and educates the public. 3) Ryan Gosling supports PETA. Get Schooled 1) Children that leave school before they graduate. 2) It asks celebrities to visit schools and talk to students directly. 3) One Direction and Nicki Minaj talk to schools. Get Schooled uses the Internet to connect with young people.

3

Students’ own answers

4a

Students’ own answers

4b

Students’ own answers

5a

Example answers You could try to raise money by selling things you don’t want/making things and selling them/offering a service e.g. teaching English to young children for a donation. You could give some of your money. You could volunteer to work with the charity e.g. talking to lonely old people.

3 One- or two-syllable adjectives ending

6

in -y – omit -y and add -iest. 4 Adjectives with two syllables or more – put the most before the adjective.

Suggested answers 1 The people are in the boy’s bedroom. 2 The woman is standing next to the boy. 3 The boy is sitting at a desk. 4 The pencil case is on the right of the boy. 5 The books are on the shelves on the right of the picture. 6 The phone is next to the pencil case.

1b a the  ​b in 2 1 the most expensive  ​2 the best  ​ 3  the fastest  ​4 the worst  ​5 the most important  ​ 6 the furthest/farthest  ​ 7  the biggest 3 1 bigger, Abu-Dhabi  ​2 Istanbul, the biggest  ​ 3 Abu-Dhabi, the smallest  ​ 4  drier, Istanbul  ​5 Abu-Dhabi, the driest  ​ 6 Istanbul, the wettest  ​ 7  more expensive, Istanbul   ​8  Abu-Dhabi, the most expensive 4a Example answers 2 I think hunger is the biggest problem in the world. 3 I think Lady Gaga is the most famous singer in this country. 4 I think maths is the most difficult subject at school. 5 I think Big Brother is the worst programme on TV. 6 I think Disneyland is the best place in the world.

5b

Students’ own answers

6 1 her friends  ​2 a table outside  ​ 3  music, comedy and magic  ​ 4 played the guitar  ​ 5 seriously ill  ​6 easy and quick  ​ 7 the park (near her school)  ​ 8  six

4b Students’ own answers

Listening  p110 1 Students’ own answers

2 1 hunger  ​2 homelessness  ​3 violence  ​ 4  unemployment 3 1 b (People are leaving their homes and moving to camps to look for food.)  ​ 2  a (They are particularly worried because next month will be the coldest month of the year.)  ​ 3 a (According to the latest statistics, 4 in every thousand people are without a home.)  ​ 4 c (Last year 277 people died as a result of knife attacks. But the police expect the number to be smaller this year.)  ​ 5 a (… the public continues to see knife crime as one of the biggest and most important problems in the country today.)  ​ 6 a (Men between the ages of 25 and 50 are the biggest group to lose jobs.)  ​ 7 b (Workers in construction and car manufacturing are having a particularly difficult time …)

5 1 c  ​2 a  ​3 b  ​4 d 6 a a  ​b an  ​c The  ​d more  ​e most  ​ f  than  ​g the  ​h in

Developing Speaking  p112

Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p113 1 Suggested answers 1 I can see a girl playing a computer game. She looks like she’s having fun. 2 Students’ own answers 3 Students’ own answers

2 Students’ own answers

3

The writer agrees with the editorial because he thinks computers stop teenagers from thinking and from doing other things.

4 1 d  ​2 a  ​3 c  ​4 b 5 a Sir/Madam  ​b I am writing about your editorial  ​ c opinion/view  ​d view/ opinion  ​ e faithfully 6 Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 8

1

Grammar revision  p115

Suggested answers In both photos there is an older person with younger people. In both photos, they are at home. In both photos, the older people look relaxed. In both photos, I can see computers.

1 1 hotter  ​2 sillier  ​3 more beautiful  ​ 4  better  ​5 longer 2 1 Tom is the tallest.  ​2 Richard is the shortest.  ​ 3 Harry is the oldest.  ​ 4  Tom is the youngest.  ​5 Harry is the

2

Photo a

3 a three  ​b two children  ​c a woman  ​ d  pictures  ​e the computer  ​ f  a computer game  ​ g well  ​h excited 4 1 This is a picture of … ; I can see … 2 The words in blue are prepositions and

1a a coldest  ​b hottest  ​c driest  ​ d  most important  ​e best  ​f worst 1 One-syllable adjectives – add -est. 2 One-syllable adjectives ending in one

expressions to indicate place. They are important because they tell us the location of the people and things in the photo. 3 The verbs in green are in the present continuous tense. 4 The words and expressions in red are used when we are making a guess.

vowel and one consonant – double the consonant and add -est.

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp110–111

7

5

most intelligent.

3 1 worse  ​2 the  ​3 most  ​4 than  ​5 in  ​ 6  – 4 1 the  ​2 a  ​3 –  ​4 The  ​5 an  ​6 –

Vocabulary revision  p115 1 1 sad  ​2 interested  ​3 surprised  ​ 4  relaxed  ​5 tired  ​6 worried  ​ 7  excited  ​8 bored 2 a kind  ​b lazy  ​c cheerful  ​ d hard-working 3 1 poverty  ​2 homelessness  ​ 3  unemployment  ​4 crime  ​5 hunger  ​ 6  pollution

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Student’s Book answer key Gateway to exams: Units 7–8 Speaking  p116 1 2 a  ​3 c  ​4 b  ​5 d  ​6 a  ​7 c 2

2 He’s wearing an orange T-shirt and trainers, jeans and a cap. 3 His cap is his favourite item of clothing because he bought it in New York and it reminds him of the great time he had there.

5 Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Reading  p119

Writing  p116

1

3 1 if you want to write something for the

Students’ own answers

2

A 3  B 4  C 1  D 2

school newspaper 2 if you know anyone else who may be interested

Students’ own answers

3 1 the design, the colours  ​2 find their way (in London)  ​ 3 hundreds of times  ​4 a concert (of Adele)  ​ 5 letters   ​6  her brother  ​7 an important message 4

Use of English  p117

5

4 Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

6 1 She went to a concert. 2 She liked it because a lot of her

Students’ own answers

6

favourite groups and singers were there, and the concert was to help poor people in Africa. 3 She didn’t like one new singer and the fact that she couldn’t always see very well.

7 a a  ​b of  ​c The  ​d in  ​e the  ​f than  ​ g  didn’t  ​h her  ​i front  ​j did

Speaking  p117 8 List A: We use these words to say what we think is happening in a photo. List B: We use these words to say where things and people are in a photo.

9

Vocabulary  p118 1a 1 shirt  ​2 tie  ​3 jacket  ​4 suit  ​ 5  trousers  ​6 shoes  ​7 top  ​8 skirt  ​ 9  tights  ​10 boots  ​11 jumper/sweater  ​ 12  jeans  ​13 trainers 1b

Students’ own answers

3a

Students’ own answers

3b

Head: cap, hat Eyes: glasses, sunglasses Neck: jewellery, scarf Body: belt, jewellery Arm: jewellery, watch

4 1 He usually wears bright, colourful clothes at the weekend.

Students’ own answers

1 a have  ​b have  ​c -ed  ​d have  ​ e  main verb (past participle) 2

Unit 9

2

7

Grammar in context  pp120–121

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

designer = the person who designs clothes design = pictures or patterns that decorate something reminds me of = makes me remember/ think of live = performing in front of an audience (as opposed to recorded in a studio) go with = to match or look nice with bright = strong (colours) sentimental value = valuable for emotional reasons cotton = a material made from the cotton plant and used to make T-shirts and other clothes

be – been • break – broken • buy – bought do – done • drink – drunk • eat – eaten give – given • go – gone/been have – had • make – made • see – seen take – taken • think – thought wear – worn • win – won • write – written

3a

Example answers 2 My friend and I haven’t appeared on TV. 3 I’ve travelled by plane. 4 I’ve eaten sushi. 5 My parents and I haven’t been to the US. 6 I haven’t written a song. 7 I’ve seen my favourite band/singer in concert. 8 I haven’t bought jewellery for my pet.

3b Students’ own answers

4a 1 Have you bought any clothes this week? 2 Have you played sport this week? 3 How many text messages have you sent this week? 4 Have you had any exams this week? 5 Have you written an email this week? 6 Have you eaten in a restaurant this week? 7 What have you watched on TV this week? 8 How many emails have you sent this week?

4b Students’ own answers

4c

Students’ own answers

5 1 Ever  ​2 Never  ​3 before 6a Suggested answers 2 has/has never made  ​3 has/has never read  ​ 4 has/has never seen  ​5 has/ has never won  ​ 6 has/has never broken  ​ 7  has/has never written

6b Students’ own answers

Vocabulary  p121 1 1 sports shop  ​2 shoe shop  ​ 3  chemist’s  ​4 stationery shop  ​ 5  supermarket  ​6 bank  ​7 post office   ​8 newsagent’s  ​9 butcher’s  ​ 10  greengrocer’s  ​11 bookshop  ​ 12  jeweller’s  ​13 bakery  ​ 14 electrical goods shop  ​ 15  clothes shop  ​16 department store 2 Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills  pp122–123 1 Suggested answers 1 The first photo shows someone sewing. The second photo shows a rack of T-shirts on hangers. 2 The first photo shows someone making clothes. The second photo shows the finished product. 3 Not very good.

2 1 D  ​2 B  ​3 E  ​4 C  ​5 A 3 1 T (Some people estimate that 250 million children between 5 and 14 work in sweatshops.)  ​ 2 F (Sometimes we don’t know it, but many of the things we buy come from sweatshops.)  ​ 3 T (Coffee, chocolate, bananas and toys may all depend on sweatshop labour.)  ​ 4 T (It isn’t only cheap products that come from sweatshops.)  ​ 5 T (You buy the shirt … for $140 … But the women making the shirt

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Student’s Book answer key may only receive 24 cents for each shirt.)  ​ 6  F (… everybody knew that the building was in terrible condition.)  ​ 7 T (They also say that sweatshops can make poor countries richer.)

4 Suggested answers Shopper 1 1 A T-shirt and jeans.  ​2 No.  ​ 3 No – didn’t know about it; just buys nice, inexpensive clothes. Shopper 2 1 A dress and a top.  ​ 2 Yes. 3 Yes – bad conditions in sweatshops, Fairtrade clothes made of natural, organic materials. Shopper 3 1 A shirt.  ​2 Yes (not cheap). 3 Yes – knows her money goes to help the people who make the clothes.

5

1 Students’ own answers

2 1 A computer.  ​2 A department store.  ​ 3  His dad. 3 1 b  ​2 a  ​3 c  ​4 a  ​5 c  ​6 c 1 before the past participle

Students’ own answers

7b

Example questions 1 Have you seen The Amazing SpiderMan 2 yet? 2 Have you seen Believe yet? 3 Have you played FIFA 14 yet? 4 Have you heard Coldplay’s new CD yet? 5 Have you read The Book Thief yet?

7c Students’ own answers

Suggested answer I can see a woman looking at some paper or card. It looks like she might be in a stationery shop as there is lots of card on the walls, which looks like calendars, and also sheets of wrapping paper.

2 1 Dialogue 1 2 The first customer buys a card and two

3 a 3  ​b 2  ​c 4  ​d 1  ​e 5 4a

2 2 I’ve/I have just lost them. 3 Somebody has just stolen my mobile

Yes, they sound polite.

phone. 4 Yes, the class has just started. 5 The film has just finished. 6 No, we’ve/we have just eaten. 7 I’ve/I have just broken a glass. 8 No, I’ve/I have just switched it off.

4b

Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

6

3a Students’ own answers

3b

4 1 True  ​2 True  ​3 False  ​4 True 5 2 Have you read the news yet? 3 We haven’t done our homework yet. 4 Have you already had your dinner? 5 She’s/She has already decided what to

She’s already written an email to Lisa. She hasn’t sent a birthday card to Sarah yet.

7a

blue pens. 3 The second customer wants to buy a large rugby shirt.

Grammar in context  p124–125

6a

Students’ own answers

1

Listening  p124

wear. 6 Has the bus arrived yet? 7 We’ve/We have already finished this exercise. 8 We haven’t corrected it yet.

6b

Developing Speaking  p126

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

She’s already run 5K. She hasn’t phoned Jack yet. She hasn’t taken the dog for a walk yet. She’s already had her piano lesson. She hasn’t made a cake for dinner yet.

I’ll take it/them. (C) Excuse me. How much is this? (C) Anything else? (SA) That’s (£5). (SA) Here’s your change. (SA) I’d like this. (C) Would you like a bag? (SA) Do you sell (pencils)? (C) You’re welcome. (SA) Sorry. We haven’t got any at the moment. (SA)

7 1 c  ​2 a  ​3 b  ​4 c  ​5 b 8 Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p127 1 Students’ own answers

2 1 f  ​2 d  ​3 a  ​4 h  ​5 b  ​6 c  ​7 k  ​ 8  l  ​9 e  ​10 j  ​11 g  ​12 i

3 1 Gender: M/F  ​2 Date of birth  ​ 3  Signed  ​4 Skills  ​5 Surname  ​ 6  Previous employment 4 Students’ own answers

5a

Students’ own answers

5b

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 9 Grammar revision  p129 1 a has done  ​b has made  ​c has met  ​ d  Has, worked  ​e hasn’t made  ​f has won  ​ g have helped  ​h have written 2a 1 Have you ever appeared in a film? 2 Have you ever driven a car? 2b Example answers 1 I’ve (never) appeared in a film. 2 I’ve (never) driven a car.

3 1 has just had  ​2 has just lost  ​ 3  have just been  ​4 have just passed 4 1 yet  ​2 already  ​3 already  ​4 yet  ​ 5  yet  ​6 yet

Vocabulary revision  p129 1 1 trousers/jeans  ​2 top/blouse  ​3 skirt  ​ 4  dress  ​5 socks  ​6 jacket 2 1 watch  ​2 scarf  ​3 belt  ​4 cap/hat  ​ 5  glasses 3 Example answers 1 a notebook  ​2 a bed  ​3 medicine  ​ 4  sausages  ​5 cakes  ​6 a newspaper  ​ 7  stamps

Unit 10 Vocabulary  p130 1a a MP3 player  ​b smartphone  ​c tablet  ​ d  laptop (computer)  ​e digital camera  ​ f  printer  ​g satnav 1b Students’ own answers

2a

Suggested answers digital camera – You can use it to take photos. laptop – You can use it like a desktop computer but you can carry it around. MP3 player – You can use it to listen to music. smartphone – You can use it to phone friends, listen to music, go online or find places.

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Student’s Book answer key tablet – You can use it like a computer, but it is very light and easy to carry.

2b

Students’ own answers

3a

Suggested answers CD player – You can play CDs to listen to music. DVD player – You can play DVDs to watch films. dishwasher – You can clean the plates, cups, knives and forks/do the washing up. fridge – You can keep food cold. microwave – You can cook or heat food. washing machine – You can wash your clothes.

3b

Students’ own answers

4c

create creator creation design designer design discover discoverer discovery invent inventor invention produce producer product Students’ own answers

6a

Students’ own answers

6b 1 Marconi  ​2 the telephone  ​ 3  computer  ​4 radioactivity  ​ 5  Alexander Fleming  ​ 6 2010  ​7 car 6c radio – 1897, telephone – 1876, basic computer – 1822, radioactivity – 1900s, penicillin – 1928, tablet – 2010, car – 1886 The oldest is the basic computer from 1822.

1b

Students’ own answers

2 1 a computer language, c 2 windscreen wipers, d 3 a substance for creating Kevlar, a 4 a dishwasher, b 3 a Charles Babbage  ​b the 1950s  ​ c  tram  ​d New York  ​e Charlotte Bridgwood  ​ f bullet-proof jackets  ​ g  skis  ​h helmets  ​i her plates and glasses  ​ j private homes 4 Example answers In countries where men and women have equal access to advanced education,

Vocabulary  p133 1 Verbs: create, imagine, invent Nouns: creation, imagination, invention

2 1 action  ​2 description  ​3 explain  ​ 4  expression  ​5 imagine  ​6 information  ​ 7  investigate  ​8 organise 3a action description explanation expression imagination information investigation organisation

3b

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

4 1 imagination  ​2 description  ​ 3  expression  ​4 investigation  ​ 5  organisation  ​6 information  ​ 7  explanation

Grammar in context  pp132–133

Gateway to life skills  pp134–135

in the past 4 use the past of be (was/were) and the past participle 5 the action

5

Students’ own answers

collaborated with = worked with someone to produce something pioneer = one of the first people to do something important fibre = type of material helmets = hard hats you wear to protect your head servants = people whose job is to clean or work in someone else’s house

1 1 c and f active; a, b, d and e passive 2 be 3 a and e are in the present; b and d are

Students’ own answers

1a

5

6

4a a design  ​b invent  ​c discover  ​ d  build 4b

Reading  p131

nowadays they have equal opportunities to become inventors. However this has only happened in Europe for about 100 years, and in some parts of the world, girls still don’t receive any education at all. In the past, women finished school and then stayed at home and looked after children. Therefore women had less time to invent.

2 1 are  ​2 is  ​3 are  ​4 are  ​5 is  ​6 are  ​ 7  is 3 1 was produced  ​2 was/were created  ​ 3  was built  ​4 was played  ​5 were invented  ​ 6 were worn  ​7 was made 4 1 True  ​2 True  ​3 True 5 1 Corn Flakes were invented by Dr John H Kellogg in 1894. 2 The book The Hunger Games was written by Suzanne Collins. 3 Cars are built by robots in many factories. 4 The molecular structure of DNA was discovered by Francis Crick and James Watson in 1953. 5 The Xbox is made by Microsoft. 6 Rolling in the deep is sung by Adele. 7 The first telephone call was made by Alexander Graham Bell.

6 a was made  ​b were  ​c built  ​ d  was sold  ​e by  ​f by  ​g are 7a 1 Gustave Eiffel  ​2 Microsoft  ​ 3  Daniel Radcliffe  ​4 Skoda 7b Students’ own answers

7c

Students’ own answers

1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3 1 They are at the bottom of the sea in the area of the Bermuda Triangle. 2 Dr Verlag Meyer. 3 The bases are 300 metres wide and they are 100 metres tall. 4 No. Two others have been found, one by Arl Marahall’s expedition near Cay Sal and the other by Tony Benik’s expedition.

4 Students’ own answers

5a

Students’ own answers

5b

Suggested answers 1 Check these people: Dr Verlag Meyer, Cheops, Arl Marahall, Tony Benik 2 The text says ‘Japanese scientists’. Not very specific! 3 Not clear who the author of the text is. Investigate source: ‘source of article can be found HERE’. 4 Check ‘Cosmic News’ website: what can we find out about it and who created it. 5 Check places in the text: Bermuda Triangle, Atlantis, Cay Sal 6 Uses ‘pseudo’ scientific language: preliminary results, new discovery, experts, conference, high resolution data, ‘energy field’, ‘quantum vacuum’, pulsating crystal, etc. 7 Photographic evidence: lots of pictures and high resolution data but no photos. Investigate photographs of large pyramid discovered by Arl Marahall 1977 and huge pyramid discovered by Tony Benik. 8 Source of the article: not official or clear scientific source – mentions American and French scientists, news discussed

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Student’s Book answer key 6 1 A schoolfriend.  ​2 Fiction.  ​3 A pizza. 7 1 Dr Verlag Meyer only appears in articles about the glass pyramids. 2 The stories in Cosmic News are not very scientific; they are about UFOs and the supernatural. 3 Bermuda exists, but the Bermuda Triangle is not a serious geographic name. 4 The photos that appear look like the Pyramid of Cheops in green. 5 There is no source, just copies of the text on other sites. The name of the author isn’t mentioned.

Listening  p136 1 Students’ own answers

2 1 d  ​2 a  ​3 b  ​4 c 3 1 F (The ones that were played classical music were the best.)  ​ 2 T  ​ 3 T  ​ 4  F (But even in one or two seconds, some types of food can attract bacteria.)  ​ 5  F (They didn’t actually drop a penny from a skyscraper …)  ​ 6 F (… the shape of the penny slows it down. If it hits you, it can hurt …)  ​ 7 T

Grammar in context  pp136–137 1 1 things that are generally true, like scientific rules 2 the present simple 3 the present simple

Students’ own answers

7b

5

1 1 the wheel  ​2 the radio  ​3 the printing press  ​ 4 the aeroplane  ​5 the telephone

6a

For reasons why see Cultural Information below.

Students’ own answers

2 1 Students’ own answers 2 The internet. It brings the world

together, it is fast and cheap, you can find information on any subject, it’s good for relaxing (watch videos, find pictures, listen to music, read about the things you like), it helps you in your regular life (you can find the times of buses, or trains, or films, you can try to find a job or look for information about universities).

3 Let me explain why. For example, Firstly, Secondly, Another thing is that … Last but not least, To sum up,

4 1 DO  ​2 DO  ​3 DO  ​4 DON’T  ​ 5  DON’T 5 6

4 1 to talk about specific possible situations  ​ 2  present simple  ​3 the future with will 5 1 will study  ​2 spend  ​3 will go  ​4 is  ​ 5  will help  ​6 passes 6 Suggested answers a If you kick the ball, you’ll break a window. b If you use your mobile phone in class, the teacher will get angry. c If we don’t catch the bus, we’ll be late for school. d If your handwriting is really bad in an exam, you’ll get low marks. e If you go to bed late, you’ll be tired in the morning. f If you use your mobile phone while driving, you’ll have an accident. g If you don’t turn the music down, your neighbours will complain.

Developing Speaking  p138

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

2 1 c, you get pink  ​2 f, the answer is four   ​3  e, the rain makes you wet  ​ 4 b, it breaks  ​ 5  d, it makes you thirstier than before  ​ 6  a, it becomes glass 3 Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Linkers: addition: and (B,C,D), also (C) contrast: but (A,C) reason: because (A,D)

7a

Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p139 1 Students’ own answers

2 2 f  ​3 d  ​4 h  ​5 e  ​6 g  ​7 b  ​8 a 3 1 Paragraph D  ​2 Paragraph B  ​ 3  Paragraph A  ​4 Paragraph C 4 Suggested answers (Paragraphs in brackets) Time markers: on February 24th 1955, when he was very small (A); When he was a boy, At the age of 16 (B); In 1976, in 1985, Later, In 1997 (C); in 2011 (D) Past simple for main events: Steve Jobs was born (passive) (A); adoptive father taught him, met Steve Wozniak (B); Jobs and Wozniak started Apple Computers (C); Jobs died (D) Past continuous: Wozniak was studying (B); The company was doing well (C) New paragraphs: Steve Jobs was born (A); When he was a boy (B); In 1976 (C); Jobs died (D)

Students’ own answers

6b

Language checkpoint: Unit 10 Grammar revision  p141 1 1 was written  ​2 are worn  ​3 was taken  ​ 4  is made  ​5 was sung  ​6 were built  ​ 7  are spoken 2 1 by  ​2 was  ​3 painted  ​4 are 3 1 walk  ​2 don’t switch  ​3 goes  ​4 is  ​ 5  don’t ring 4 1 If I see Tom, I’ll give him the message. 2 If the bus doesn’t come, I’ll walk. 3 If my pen doesn’t work, I’ll buy another one. 4 If my team wins, I’ll be happy. 5 If there is no water, I’ll buy some. 6 If I don’t do my homework, my teacher will be angry.

Vocabulary revision  p141 1 1 printer  ​2 fridge  ​3 MP3 player  ​ 4  satnav  ​5 laptop  ​6 tablet  ​ 7  smartphone 2 1 building  ​2 invention  ​3 designers  ​ 4  producer  ​5 created  ​6 discovery 3 1 description  ​2 imagination  ​ 3  organisation  ​4 expression  ​ 5  explanation

Gateway to exams: Units 9–10 Writing  p142 1 1 c  ​2 d  ​3 a  ​4 b 2 Paragraph 1: Neil Armstrong … he was just five years old. Paragraph 2: Neil Armstrong’s career began … work for the US Navy. Paragraph 3: Eight years later, … to walk on the Moon. Paragraph 4: Neil Armstrong died in 2012. … all over the world.

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Student’s Book answer key

A2

Use of English  p142 3 Suggested answers 1 A customer in a clothes shop. 2 Someone talking to a friend about plans to go out. 3 A customer in a fast-food restaurant. 4 A person phoning or visiting somewhere for information, e.g. a tourist office, a train station, etc. 5 Someone phoning Mrs Johnson on the telephone.

4 1 b  ​2 b  ​3 a  ​4 c  ​5 b 5 Example answers 1 Have you got a medium? Yes, I have. Here it is. 2 What about Sunday? OK. Let’s go to the cinema. 3 Yes, please. And a fruit juice, please. Coming right up! 4 What time does the museum open? It opens at 10 o’clock. 5 Hello. I’d like to tell you about our Internet service. Not today, thank you.

Listening  p143 6 Students’ own answers

7 1 c  ​2 b  ​3 b  ​4 b  ​5 a 8 Students’ own answers

Speaking  p143 9 1 c  ​2 b  ​3 a  ​4 e  ​5 d 10 Students’ own answers

11

Students’ own answers

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B1

Student’s Book answer key Grammar in context p8

Unit 1 Vocabulary p6 1 All ages are approximate. a child, 4–12 b senior citizen, 65+ c teenager, 13–19 d middle-aged adult, 35–64 e baby, 0–3 approximately f young adult, 20–34

2

1a 1 present continuous 2 present simple 3 present simple 4 present simple 1b 1 d 2 b 3 c 4 a 1c Present simple: studies; doesn’t study; Does … study? Present continuous: is studying; isn’t studying; Is … studying?

2

baby, 0–3 child, 4–12 teenager, 13–19 young adult, 20–34 middle-aged adult, 35– 64 senior citizen, 65

Suggested answers The dad is reading a book. The mum is watching TV. The grandfather is sleeping.

3

birth childhood adolescence middle age old age death

4

Male: husband stepfather brother-in-law grandfather nephew uncle grandson Female: daughter aunt niece wife Male or Female: cousin

5 2 uncle 3 stepfather 4 niece 5 grandson 6 brother-in-law 6 Students’ own answers.

7 1 single 2 only child 3 partner 4 divorced 5 one-parent 6 born 8 1 a child big 2 a teenager small father cousin 3 twelve married 9

3 a are/doing b go c Are/watching d is watching e watches f Is/crying g Does/cry h doesn’t i Do/know j is doing k don’t l is listening m hates n is sleeping o sleeps 4 2 never = present simple 3 normally = present simple 4 on Wednesdays = present simple 5 now = present continuous 6 right now = present continuous 7 usually = present simple 5 1 ’m helping 2 are/shouting 3 works 4 don’t understand 5 Do/need 6 is lying

3 Students’ own answers.

4

Grace: She looks after her brother Louis: He takes the dog for walks every evening. Jessica: She visits her grandmother every day

5 1 Louis 2 Louis 3 Grace 4 Grace 5 Louis 6 Jessica 6a Students’ own answers.

6b

Students’ own answers.

6c

Students’ own answers.

LIFE TASK Students’ own answers.

Listening p12 1

Students’ own answers.

2 1 D 2 G 3 E 4 A 5 F 6 B 3 1 70 2 All over the country 3 Whatever’s in the fridge 4 Quite late (in the evening) 5 Two children and three grandchildren 6 At the weekend 7 At a school meeting 8 The TV is always on and nobody says anything

6 2 3 4 5

4 Students’ own answers.

2

What’s your mum doing at the moment? Where do your uncle and aunt live? Is your cousin studying at university? What do your grandparents do in the mornings? 6 What do your family (usually) do at the weekend?

Students’ own answers.

7

The is pronounced with a schwa (/ə/) before words beginning with consonants (List A) and with the /i:/ sound before words beginning with vowels and proper nouns (List B). When the is stressed, it also has the /i:/ sound.

Students’ own answers.

Reading p7 1 Students’ own answers.

3

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

Vocabulary p9

4

Students’ own answers.

5 1 b 2 a 3 a 6

4 c

5 b

Students’ own answers.

7

interrupts: stops someone by disturbing them turn my music down: make music less loud loud: a strong sound, easy to hear switch it off: stop an electronic device realise: to know and understand something convenient: the right one because it suits your timetable make sure: plan and check reasonable volume: not too loud

8

Students’ own answers.

2 2 movement 3 improvement 4 retire 5 concentration 6 inform 7 description 8 discuss 9 different 10 adolescent 11 independent 12 confidence 3a 1 improve 2 independent 3 confidence 4 differences 5 discussions 3b Students’ own answers.

Gateway to life skills p10 1a Students’ own answers.

1b

Students’ own answers.

2 a

Grammar in context p12 1 2 a/an 3 the 4 the 5 a/an 2a

3 1 7 4 a g 5 1 2 3 4

the, – –, – A –

b – h a

2 the 3 – 4 –

c The d – i The j –

5 – 6 the

e An f –

I’m a vegetarian. I never eat meat. My mum is a doctor in a big hospital. Could you pass me the potatoes? I had a cat but the cat disappeared last month. 5 He’s a student at the University of Edinburgh. 6 She’s got a brother and a sister. 7 I haven’t got a watch – can you tell me the time?

6a 1 – 2 –, an 3 –, – 6 the 7 the 6b

4 –, –

5 –

Students’ own answers.

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B1

Student’s Book answer key Developing speaking p14

3 1 a, the 2 A, The 3 –, a

1 Students’ own answers.

4 a, –

Vocabulary revision p17

2

1 a e h 2 1 3 5 7

Students’ own answers.

3

Emma and Liam

4 a Have you got any brothers or sisters? b How old is he? c Does he live at home? d How often do you see him? e What do you usually do at the weekend? f What about you? 5a

single b aged c only d cousin birth f wife g grandmother grandson improvement 2 description concentration 4 excitement differences 6 adolescents information 8 independent

Unit 2

Diagram A: a, c Diagram B: b, d, e, f

5b

Have you got any brothers or sisters? [intonation goes up at end] How old is he? [intonation goes down at end] Does he live at home? [intonation goes up at end] How often do you see him? [intonation goes down at end] What do you usually do at the weekend? [intonation goes down at end] What about you? [intonation goes down at end]

6

Students’ own answers.

7a

Students’ own answers.

7b

Students’ own answers.

Vocabulary p18 1 1 4 7 2 1 4 8 4 1 4 5 1 3 5 7 6

theft 2 burglary 3 robbery Vandalism 5 Shoplifting 6 Piracy Mugging 8 Fraud burglar 2 mugger 3 fraudster pirate 5 robber 6 shoplifter 7 thief vandal robbery 2 vandalism shoplifting

3 piracy

investigate a case 2 question a suspect arrest a suspect 4 charge a suspect accuse a suspect 6 collect evidence prove something 8 analyse evidence

Alanna wants to fi nd an international e-pal.

arrest (v) arrest (n), charge (v) charge (n), collect (n) collection (v), investigate (v) investigation (n), prove (v) proof (n), question (v) question (v)

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

Developing writing p15 1 2 3

7

Reading p19

Contraction: I’ve Emoticon:  Change of subject: anyway Finishing an informal email or letter: all, back, wishes

1 1 c 2 b 4 a 2 Students’ own answers.

3

4 1 basic personal information 2 family 3 main interest or hobby 4 favourite subject at school 5 asking for a reply 5

Story A: title 1, picture c Story B: title 4, picture a Story C: title 2, picture b

4 1 They pretended to be part of the fashion display. 2 One of them moved. 3 A bottle of melted Antarctic ice water 4 An

Students’ own answers.

Language checkpoint: Unit 1 Grammar revision p17 1 1 has, having 2 lies, lying 3 writes, writing 4 cries, crying 5 gets, getting 6 watches, watching 7 does, doing 8 sits, sitting 2 1 c 2 c 3 d 4 d 5 c 6 a 7 d 8 b

art thief took it or someone drank it or someone threw it away. 5 The bank was open, but banks don’t usually open on Saturday afternoons. 6 Their son Oliver discovered the problem and they called the police. 7 They opened an account for him.

5 Suggested answers The robbery in A is very serious because even though no one was hurt, there are implications for the shop’s business. And the robbers had committed crimes before.

The crime in B is less serious because it was just a bottle of water so the consequences aren’t as bad and it might have been a mistake. The punishment for the crime in A should be much more serious than for the crime in B.

6

luxury = expensive and high quality smart = not casual, suitable for a special occasion, work or a party worth = with a value of display = arrangement of things for people to look at melted = something solid that becomes liquid unprotected = with nothing to keep them safe lock = close with a key account = a ‘place’ with a number where you put or save your money in a bank

7

Students’ own answers.

Grammar in context p20 1a a past simple b past simple c present simple d past simple e past simple f present simple g past simple h past simple

1b 2 h 3 a 4 e 5 b 6 g 1c b wasn’t /didn’t walk /didn’t go c Was/ Did/Did d –/walk/go 2a List A: /t/ List B: /id/ List C: /d/

2c

verbs that end in –t or –d

3

Students’ own answers.

4 a was b mugged c stole d ran e didn’t know f got g wasn’t h took i emailed j printed k went l found m arrested n had o were 5 1 did/mug 2 did/steal 3 Did/know 4 Was 5 did/do 6 Did/help 7 Was 8 did/end 6 Students’ own answers.

7a

Students’ own answers.

7b

Student A: When was Conan Doyle born? In 1859 What did Conan Doyle do? He was a doctor. What was the title of the first Sherlock Holmes story? A study in scarlet What was the name of Conan Doyle’s teacher? Joseph Bell How many novels did Sherlock Holmes appear in? Four How old was Conan Doyle when he died? 71

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B1

Student’s Book answer key Where does Sherlock Holmes continue to appear? Films, TV series and novels Student B: Where was Conan Doyle born? In Edinburgh, Scotland. When did he begin writing stories? When he was at university. When did his Conan Doyle write his first Sherlock Holmes novel? In 1886 Which other interesting character did Conan Doyle create? Doctor Watson How many stories did Sherlock Holmes appear in? Over 50 What did Conan Doyle try to do in 1893? He tried to kill the character of Sherlock. What happened in 1903? Conan Doyle started writing more Sherlock Holmes stories.

Developing vocabulary p21 1 2 come across (non-separable) 3 work out (separable) 4 look for (nonseparable) 5 find out (separable) 6 turn up (non-separable) 2 2 The CIA began to look into the case. 3 The came across the keys by accident in the garden. 4 The shoe turned up in the garden. 5 Sherlock Holmes worked out crimes. 6 After their investigation, they soon found out where the thief was.

3 I looked for the key. I looked for the answer. I looked for the identity of the criminal. I found out the answer. I found out the identity of the criminal. I came across the key. I came across the answer. I came across the identity of the criminal. I worked out the answer. I worked out the identity of the criminal.

Gateway to life skills p22 1 Students’ own answers.

2 A2 B 7 C 4 D 3 E 1 F 5 G 6 3 1 It’s normal and we need to respect that right. 2 The world becomes a cold and difficult place. 3 Taking someone’s things, copying another student’s work and piracy 4 It brings more violence. 5 When we lie people lose confidence in us. 6 It belongs to all of us and we shouldn’t damage it. 7 Never do things that you believe are wrong.

4a Suggested answers Picture a: The girl is copying the answers. She didn’t study for her exam

Picture b: The window is broken. Someone kicked a football through the window.

4b

James: Picture b, Value 1: Don’t lie, always tell the truth. Jessica: Picture a, Value 6: Stand up for what you think is right.

5 1 his 2 mum 3 Oliver 4 friends 5 history 6 didn’t 7 fair, teacher 8 Kayla 6a Students’ own answers.

6b

Students’ own answers.

7

Students’ own answers.

LIFE TASK Students’ own answers.

Listening p24 1 Students’ own answers.

2

They represent what happened to Daniel the previous evening.

3 1 T 2 NM 3 T 4 F Daniel stopped watching because he heard a loud noise in the kitchen. 5 T 6 T 7 F The cat was ‘crying’ in the kitchen. 8 NM

Grammar in context p24 1a 1 c 2 d 3 a 4 b 1b be

2 1 Rachel and Kate were buying clothes. 2 Joe’s dad wasn’t making the dinner. 3 Kim was running in the park. 4 We weren’t watching TV. 5 We were doing homework. 6 Becky was swimming. 7 Sam and Beth were sitting in the kitchen.

3 1 Were Rachel and Kate swimming? 2 Was Joe’s dad making dinner? 3 What

How many bags was she carrying? Two What was the young man doing? He was running? What was he wearing? He was wearing sports clothes.

6

Students’ own answers.

7

Students’ own answers.

Developing speaking p26 1 Example answers Picture (a) a woman standing on a teenager’s foot by accident. The woman probably feels guilty or sorry, the teenager probably feels in pain. Picture (b) a teenager apologising to teacher for arriving late. The teenager probably feels guilty or a bit scared. The teacher probably feels angry or annoyed. Picture (c) a teenager apologising to her mum and dad for breaking a plate. The teenager probably feels guilty, sorry and a bit scared. The parents probably feel annoyed or angry.

2

Students’ own answers.

3 1 He drank the girl’s bottle of water. Yes 2 Dylan forgot to bring a book for the lesson. No

4 1 sorry 2 doesn’t 3 only 4 Let 5 make 6 last 7 feel 5 Making apologies: expressions 1, 4, 5, 7 Responding to apologies: expressions 2, 3, 6

6

Students’ own answers.

7a

Students’ own answers.

7b

Students’ own answers.

7c

Students’ own answers.

Developing writing p27

was Kim doing? Was Becky swimming? Were Sam and Beth sitting? 1 No, they weren’t. 2 No, he wasn’t. 3 She was running in the park. 4 Yes, she was. 5 They were sitting in the kitchen.

1

4

4

Students’ own answers.

5

What was the businessman doing? He was getting into a taxi. What was the old man doing? He looking at the shop window. What was he carrying? He was carrying a stick. What was the woman with red hair doing? She was carrying shopping.

Students’ own answers.

2

Students’ own answers.

3

At first, Then, Suddenly, In the end Students’ own answers.

5

Students’ own answers.

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B1

Student’s Book answer key Language checkpoint: Unit 2 Grammar revision p29 1 1 Richard and I were students at this school. 2 What was the problem? 3 We left school at 5 o’clock. 4 She caught the bus at that stop. 5 What time did you finish work? 6 She didn’t teach English. 7 Running made me tired. 8 They had a problem. 2 1 was reading 2 were, listening 3 wasn’t writing 4 Were, sleeping 5 was tidying 6 weren’t waiting 7 were, sitting 8 was crying 3 1 was travelling, rang 2 stole, was looking 3 was driving, remembered 4 broke, ran

Vocabulary revision p29 1 1 mug 2 steal 3 Thief 4 Burglary 5 vandal 6 piracy 2 1 accusation 2 proof 3 analyse 4 questioned 3 a for b up c across d into e out f out

Gateway to exams: Units 1–2 Reading p30 1 In an emergency, for a fire, an accident or a crime.

2

1

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

They used data collected from a social network. A map of London.

8

Writing p31 9 Students’ own answers.

Unit 3 Vocabulary p32 1 Students’ own answers.

2 1 Argentinian Spanish 2 Austrian German 3 Brazilian Portuguese 4 Bulgarian Bulgarian 5 Egyptian Arabic 6 Japanese Japanese 7 Mexican Spanish 8 Polish Polish 9 Russian Russian 10 Swiss Romansh Italian German French 11 Thai Thai 12 Turkish Turkish 3 Students’ own answers.

4a 1 Argentina Argentinian Spanish 2 Austria Austrian German 3 Brazil Brazilian Portuguese 4 Bulgaria Bulgarian Bulgarian 5 Egypt Egyptian Arabic 6 Japan Japanese Japanese 7 Mexico Mexican Spanish 8 Poland Polish Polish 9 Russia Russian Russian 10 Switzerland Swiss Romansh Italian German French 11 Thailand Thai Thai 12 Turkey Turkish Turkish 5 Students’ own answers.

6

7

3

Students’ own answers.

5 b

Listening p31 5 1 F The popular name is MI6. 2 T 3 F The director is called ‘C’. 4 T 5 F It is next to the River Thames. 6 T 7 F There is a secret tunnel under the River Thames.

6 1 The popular name is MI6. 3 The director is called ‘C’. 5 It is next to the River Thames. 7 There is a secret tunnel under the River Thames.

Reading p33

7

memorise – memory; practise – practice; revise – revision; translate – translation/ translator

Suggested answers Only in a real emergency! 911 in the US for emergencies only

4 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 a

Speaking p31

Suggested answers English: do (also study, learn, speak, write, listen to) an essay: do (also write, compose, check, read) an exam: do (also sit, take, pass, fail, study for, revise for) an : do (also try, repeat, complete) homework: do (also start, finish, hand in, mark, forget) a mistake: make (also correct, notice, apologise for)

8

Students’ own answers.

2

3 1 NM 2 T 3 T 4 F 7 NM 8 T 4

5 T 6 F

Students’ own answers.

5

fascinating (adj) = very interesting to look at or learn about closely (adv) = in a careful way co-exist (verb) = live or be there together in the same place at the same time concentrated (adj) = all together, mostly detailed (adj) = with a lot of information

6

Students’ own answers.

Grammar in context p34 1a 1 countable 2 uncountable 3 uncountable 4 countable 5 countable 6 countable Both time and colour can be countable or uncountable.

1b b some, any, many, a lot of, a few c any, many, much, a lot of d much, many, a lot of e a few, a little 2a a any b some c any d any e any f some g some h some i some j any k some 2b All these words have been taken from other languages to become part of the English language.

3 a many b a lot c many d many e a few f Some g many h much i lots of j some k a lot of l a lot of m a lot of n a few o a little p many 4 Students’ own answers.

5a

Students’ own answers. (Egypt) There aren’t many animals. There isn’t any snow and there isn’t much water. There’s a lot of tourism and there are a lot of monuments.

5b

Suggested answers Is there any snow there? Is there a lot of snow? Are there any animals? Do many people live there? Are there many monuments/modern buildings/ old buildings/offi ces? Are there a lot of mountains? Is there a lot of water? Is therea lot of tourism?

5c

Students’ own answers.

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B1

Student’s Book answer key Vocabulary p35 1 They are all negative words with prefixes. By removing the prefix, you can make the opposite word: illegal – legal; impossible – possible; incorrect – correct; informal – formal; invisible – visible; irregular – regular; unhappy – happy; unusual – usual.

2 1 an irregular 2 happy 3 incorrect 4 invisible 5 formal 6 illegal 7 impossible 3a

Japanese is a very difficult language. It uses symbols not words. People in Japan speak it. It’s a little bit like Korean. Klingon is the language of the Klingons from the Star Trek series.

2

Speaker 1: Esperanto Speaker 2: Spanish Speaker 3: Japanese Speaker 4: Klingon

3 1 B, H 2 A, D 3 C, G 4 E, F 4 Students’ own answers.

Grammar in context p38

illegal impossible incorrect informal invisible irregular unhappy unusual

1a a who, that b which, that d where e when 1b

3b 4a

Students’ own answers.

c whose

We can omit who, which or that when a noun or a pronoun comes immediately after.

4b

Students’ own answers.

2

Gateway to life skills p36

The relative pronoun can be omitted in sentences 2, 3 and 7.

1a Students’ own answers.

1b 1 B 2 A 3 A 1c

Students’ own answers.

2 2

3 1 Gestures do not mean the same in every country. 2 We can understand a lot without words. 3 Because they are lying. 4 Good. It is a sign of sincerity and confidence. 5 Because they use different gestures to other countries. 6 In some countries it’s good, and in some countries it makes people uncomfortable. 7 You can learn and practise it.

4 Students’ own answers. Students’ own answers.

6 1 Stand 2 hands 3 up 4 Don’t 5 stopping 6 interested 7 prepare 7 Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

Listening p38 1 Example answers Spanish is a European language. People in Spain and many people in South America speak it. It’s a latin or romance language. It’s quite difficult. Esperanto is a made up language. It was supposed to become a universal language. French is a European language people speak it in France and in some parts of Africa. It’s quite difficult.

1 Suggested answers a You can visit London and speak English with native speakers in shops and restaurants. b The Hunger Games DVD is good if you have the subtitles on – you can hear natural English and it’s enjoyable. c You can listen to songs in English on your MP3 player and download the lyrics. d You can chat to an epal in English online, or surf sites in English on the net. e The reader is good for people who like literature – you learn lots of interesting words in a different context. f An English course helps you study grammar and vocabulary, and all the skills you need.

2 Students’ own answers.

3 2 b (who) 3 a (when) 4 e (whose) 5 g (which/that/–) 6 f (which/that) 7 c whose 4a

Paragraph 1 My name is Celia …. I can speak English. Paragraph 2: I started learning English … we practised speaking. Paragraph 3: At the moment … sometimes on the computer. Paragraph 4: Outside school …to London for example. Paragraph 5: I like learning English … revise them from time to time.

Students’ own answers.

5

Students’ own answers.

6

Students’ own answers.

7 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 A 7 D 8 C 9 A

Developing speaking p40 1 1 I think it’s a good place to learn English

2

LIFE TASK

Developing writing p41

Grammar in context p39

in the summer because it’s a small school so they can give students personal care. It looks as if there are fun activities to do. 2 Some important factors are: course dates, cost, age of students, quality of teaching, other activities, size of school, distance to nearest town, accommodation, food.

5

6b Students’ own answers.

3

4

Students’ own answers.

5

Students’ own answers.

Language checkpoint: Unit 3 Grammar revision p43 1 1 a few 2 any 3 a little 4 much 5 many/any/a lot of 6 much 7 some/ a lot of 8 a few 2 1 David Silva is a football player who speaks Spanish and English.

Course begins: 10th July Course lasts: two weeks Price: £815 Other activities: excursions, discos, sports activities including sailing

2 The park is a beautiful place where you

Sorry, did you say …? Could you repeat that?

5 This is a great book which/that they want

3

4 a Cardiff

b 10th July c the 10th of July d two weeks e Yes f do g two-week h £815 i £815 j excursions k discos l sailing 6a Students’ own answers.

can go at the weekend.

3 Last year was a special year when a lot of important things happened.

4 That’s the teacher whose classes are brilliant. to translate into English.

6 Piraha is an unusual language which/that only 400 people speak.

7 George R.R. Martin is an American author who writes fantasy novels.

8 We go to the cinema on Wednesdays when there’s a special price.

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B1

Student’s Book answer key Vocabulary revision p43

Grammar in context p46

1 1 4 2 1 4 7 3 1 4 7

1a 1 a 1b

translation 2 revision 3 practise make 5 practice 6 do 7 8 do

2 c

3 b

past participle

Thailand 2 Portuguese 3 Turkish German 5 Polish 6 Argentinian Arabic 8 Egyptian

1c

Affirmative: has seen/visited Negative: hasn’t seen/visited Question: Has … seen/visited

unhappy 2 incorrect 3 impossible informal 5 irregular 6 illegal unusual 8 invisible

Unit 4 Vocabulary p44 1a Students’ own answers.

1b 1 forehead 2 cheek 3 chin 4 throat 5 back 6 wrist 7 thumb 8 neck 9 shoulder 10 chest 11 elbow 12 hip 13 thigh 14 knee 15 heel 16 ankle 3 1 arm, ankle, leg, finger, toe, wrist, neck 2 ear, (a) head, stomach, back 3 any part of the body 4 any part of the body 4 a flu b coughs/is coughing c sore d temperature e pain f virus 5 1 stomach ache 2 a (bad) cough 3 headache 4 toothache 6

1d 1 ever 2 never 1e 1 Ever 2 Never 3 before 2 2 has met 3 have studied 4 haven’t had 5 Has, worked 6 has become 3 1 Have you ever had hot soup to stop a cold? 2 I’ve never felt sick in a car. 3 She’s never taken antibiotics. 4 Has your dad ever helped anyone in an accident? 5 Sam and I have never written a story about doctors. 6 Have you ever done first aid?

4 1 Have you ever stayed in bed because of flu? 2 Have you ever had very high temperature? 3 Have you ever slept in a hospital? 4 Have you ever made soup? 5 Have you ever taken medicine that tastes really bad? 6 Have you ever visited a friend in hospital? 7 Have you ever broken your arm? 8 Have you ever watched a hospital drama on TV?

5a

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

Reading p45

Students’ own answers.

5b

6a a since b for 6b

1 Students’ own answers.

2 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 C 8 C 3

6 B 7 A

Students’ own answers.

4

increase = there will be more than usual, the number will grow skin = this is the material or substance that covers our bodies bandage = a long piece of cloth you wrap around an injured part of your body tight = the opposite of loose, holding with pressure or strength obsession = feeling very strongly that something is important and wanting it in a desperate way remedy = a cure or solution that makes you better get rid of = make go away or disappear

5

Students’ own answers.

duration

7

For: an hour, five years, ten seconds, three days, Since: 6 o’clock, 7th February, 2014, Friday, the age of five, the day I met you

8

Example answers 1 have known, three years 2 have lived, 2004 3 have had, nine months 4 have been, I was six 5 have lived, two months

9a Students’ own answers.

Vocabulary p47 1 2 heart attack (e) 3 health centre (d) 4 waiting room (a) 5 food poisoning (f ) 6 first aid (c) 3a

3b Students’ own answers.

4 1 health centre 2 waiting room 3 food poisoning 4 heart attack 5 first aid 6 painkiller

Gateway to life skills p48 1a broken plate, hot water, wet floor, sharp knife balanced near the edge of the table top

1b 1 Switch off the cooker. 2 Move the saucepan of hot water. 3 Carefully move the electrical appliance. 4 Clean the water from the floor. 5 Look after the boy. 6 Call the emergency services. 2 1 Because it helps you to help somebody. 2 Students’ own answers. 3 1 dangers 2 999 3 conscious 4 breathing 5 airway 6 recovery 7 ambulance 4 Students’ own answers.

5 2 e 3 c 4 a 5 b 6 1 a 2 b 3 d 4 e 7

5 c

Students’ own answers.

8 1 No, it isn’t. 2 Before putting them in the recovery position.

LIFE TASK Students’ own answers.

Listening p50 1 Students’ own answers.

2

Jackie Chan and Daniel Craig because they do their own stunts.

3 1 T 2 F (He has injured himself making lots of fi lms.) 3 T 4 F (He hit his head on a rock.) 5 T 6 F (He does some of the stunts.) 7 F (He has broken a finger.) 8 T 4 Students’ own answers.

Grammar in context p50 1a 1 just 2 yet 3 already 1b 1 negative 2 before

In nouns 1– 5 (noun + noun), the first word is stressed, e.g. painkiller, heart attack. In noun 6 (adjective + noun), the second word (the noun) is stressed, e.g. first aid.

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B1

Student’s Book answer key 2 Suggested answers 1 He’s just hurt himself. He’s just had an accident. He’s just fallen off his skateboard. 2 She’s just run a race. She’s just done some exercise. 3 He’s just won the lottery. He’s just become rich. He’s just become a millionaire. 4 He’s just broken his racket. He’s just lost the match.

3a Students’ own answers.

3b

Students’ own answers.

3c

Language checkpoint: Unit 4

Unit 5

Grammar revision p55

Vocabulary p58

1 1 taken 2 Have 3 since 4 ever eaten 5 never 6 for 7 long 2 1 She’s just washed the dishes. 2 She’s already bought the bread. 3 She hasn’t taken the rubbish out yet. 4 She hasn’t rung her mum at work yet. 5 She’s just made the beds. 6 She’s already made something for dinner.

Students’ own answers.

4 1 present perfect 2 general experience 3 past simple 4 a specific moment in the past

5 a Have, broken b have c went d broke e have, broken f have had g have crashed h Did, fall i didn’t j fell 6 1 Have you ever broken your arm? 2 Have you ever ridden a motorbike? 3 Have you ever met a famous person? 4 Have you ever visited the UK? 5 Have you ever swum in the sea? 6 Have you ever been in a race?

Developing speaking p52 1

3 1 ✗ Danny went to Bulgaria last year. 2 ✗ Did you see the Eiffel Tower when you were in Paris? 3 ✗ Has your sister ever ridden a horse? 4 ✓ 5 ✗ My brother’s 18. He has been to the US three times. 6 ✓

Vocabulary revision p55 1 1 5 2 1 4 3 1 5

cheek 2 chin 3 throat 4 shoulder elbow 6 thumb 7 wrist temperature virus

waiting 2 aid 3 poisoning health 6 attack

Reading p56

Photo b

1

3

Students’ own answers.

4

Errr … Well … The thing is … I’m not really sure but … Maybe … I think … I imagine that …

5

4 pain

4

Students’ own answers.

5

awful (-) boring (-) cool (+) exciting (+) funny (+) informative (+) interesting (+) moving (+) popular (+) scary (+/-)

6 2 scary 3 awful 4 popular 5 funny 6 moving 7 1 documentary 2 cartoon 3 sports programme 4 chat show 5 game

2 1 b 2 C 3 A 3 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 C 8 A 9 B 4

8b

Students’ own answers.

Reading p59 1a I would prefer to watch the music programme because it’s popular and sometimes it’s funny. I love music, too. The programme about the train is boring. I would prefer to watch the programme about the train because it’s informative.

1b 6 C

Students’ own answers.

Use of English p57

Students’ own answers.

Advert, cartoon, chat show, comedy, documentary, drama, film, cookery programme, game show, reality show, soap, sports programme, the news

8a

Students’ own answers.

1, 2, 3, 4 (only man), 5, 6 and 9

3a

Students’ own answers.

2a 2b

Students’ own answers.

show

2 broken 3 sore

Gateway to exams: Units 3–4

The connection is people being ill or injured and how to help them..

1 a sports programme b cookery programme c documentary d chat show e drama/film/soap f the news 2

7 B

Students’ own answers.

3 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 b 5 a 4 1 Because it was the 100th anniversary of the train journey. 2 Slow TV is more

5 1 A 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 B 6 D 7 A

relaxing than modern programmes. It makes people feel in contact with nature. 3 Sleep showed a man sleeping for six hours. It was also Slow TV.

2

Speaking

5

asap; sorry to hear that; Get well soon!

6

Developing writing p53 1 Students’ own answers.

3 2 e.g. = for example 3 NB = please pay special attention 4 asap = as soon as possible 5 i.e. = that is, this is exactly what I mean 6 etc. = and other things of the same type

4a Students’ own answers.

4b

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

Writing 7 Students’ own answers.

Suggested answers I agree because the people who go on reality shows sometimes just want to be famous. Sometimes they just have young people or loud people so it’s not really like real life. I disagree because some people on reality TV forget there’s a camera there so they act as they do in real life. Reality TV shows show all parts of life now: airports, hotels, shops, so you can see how things really are.

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7 of 19

B1

Student’s Book answer key 6

8a

5

railway = a system of trains and tracks cheap = doesn’t cost a lot, not expensive ended up = to do something without expecting it wool = a natural substance used for making warm clothes burning = on fire stressful = something that makes you feel stress, worry and anxiety editing = cutting of a film to remove the sections you don’t want

Students’ own answers. Students’ own answers.

Molly: Yes. A singer and songwriter. Kieran: Yes. An actor. George: No. A doctor. Amelia: No. A writer.

Vocabulary p61

Students’ own answers.

7

Students’ own answers.

Grammar in context p60 1a a 4 b 2 c 3 d 1 e 5 1b 1 crazier, the craziest 2 worse, the worst 3 more boring, the most boring 4 shorter, the shortest 5 sadder, the

8b

1 1 exciting, excited 2 interesting, interested To describe how somebody feels, we use the -ed ending.

1c 1 than 2 in 2a 1 red 2 content words, i.e. nouns, main verbs, adverbs and adjectives 3 function words, i.e. auxiliary verbs, prepositions, articles, etc.

3a 1 more interesting than 2 better than 3 worse than 4 more exciting than 5 funnier than 3b

Suggested answers pop music = moving, makes me feel relaxed reading = interesting, makes me feel relaxed spiders = frightening, make me feel scared sport = boring, makes me feel tired theme parks = exciting, make me feel a bit frightened watching documentaries = interesting, makes me feel moved

1 Students’ own answers.

2

Suggested answers 2 Jennifer Lawrence is a lot younger than Meryl Streep. 3 House is slightly more popular than CSI. 4 The Simpsons is far funnier than South Park. 5 The BBC news is much more informative than CNN. 6 Spiders are a bit scarier than snakes.

Suggested answer It’s about a boy called Murat. He is quite clever but he doesn’t go to school because he believes one day he will be famous. Lots of students in the UK believe this. They don’t want to study because being famous will make them rich.

6a

goes to Turkey to have an operation on his nose. He thinks he doesn’t need school. 3 The chances are 30 million to one. 4 They want to let everyone know who they are and they want to appear attractive. 5 They have money but no qualifications. 6 She enjoyed being clever, going to school and working hard.

6b

Students’ own answers.

6c

Students’ own answers.

7 2 the most difficult 3 the funniest 4 the happiest 5 the best

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

Gateway to life skills p62

Suggested answers He looks more/less attractive in photo b. His hair is darker in photo b. He looks better/worse in photo b than in photo a. He looks older in photo b, and his clothes are smarter. His hair is curlier in photo a.

7

LIFE TASK

Students’ own answers.

4 1 far 2 slightly 3 a lot 4 a bit 5

Students’ own answers.

bored, confused, disappointed, embarrassing, excited, frightening, interested, moved, relaxing, surprising, tiring

4b

Students’ own answers.

6b

2

3 1 surprised 2 embarrassing 3 confusing 4 moved 5 disappointed 6 boring 7 relaxing 4a

saddest

6a

3 1 He doesn’t mind; he wants to be a model, a singer or an actor. 2 He

4a 1 reality show 2 attractive 3 enjoy/ celebrity 4 money/qualifications 5 study 4b

Listening p64 1 Students’ own answers.

2 1 f 2 d 3 e 4 a 3 1 Harry 2 Olivia 3 Lily 4 Tyler 5 Lily 6 Harry 7 Olivia 8 Tyler 4 Students’ own answers.

Grammar in context p64 1a Students’ own answers.

1b 1 T 2 T 3 T 2 2 Game shows are as interesting as soaps. 3 TV programmes are less popular than/ not as popular as computer games with today’s teenagers. 4 Football programmes on the radio are as exciting as on TV. 5 Watching horror films at home is not as scary as/less scary than watching them in the cinema. 6 TV documentaries are less informative than/ not as informative as books.

3 Students’ own answers.

4b 1 c 2 a 3 b 4c 1 too comes before the adjective 2 enough comes after the adjective 3 enough comes before the noun 5 a as b too c enough d not e as f than g young h serious 6 2 is too easy 3 isn’t original enough 4 isn’t good enough 5 ’s too hot 6 is too confusing 7 wasn’t scary enough 7a Students’ own answers.

7b

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

4c

Students’ own answers.

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8 of 19

B1

Student’s Book answer key Developing speaking p66

Developing writing p67

Vocabulary revision p69

1

1

Example answer A: What’s on TV tonight? B: There’s a new science fiction drama series at 9 pm and a game show at 8 pm where you can get rich. A: I’d like to see the drama series. Game shows are too boring.

Students’ own answers.

1 1 the news 2 chat show 3 game show/quiz show 4 documentary 5 advert 6 reality show 2 1 awful (-) 2 boring (-) 3 cool (+) 4 informative (+) 5 moving (+) 6 popular (+) 7 relaxing (+) 8 scary

2a

Paragraph 1: title, channel and time of day Paragraph 2: a description of the programme Paragraph 3: why the writer likes the programme Paragraph 4: a recommendation to watch/ not to watch the programme

2a

✓: drama series, documentary ✓ ✓: cookery programme

2b

drama: one of the girls doesn’t like drama and especially not science fiction documentaries: too serious and too scary, not relaxing. cookery programmes: a bit boring

3

✓: Shall we, OK, Why don’t we …? Let’s …? I know what you mean, but …, Fine

4

Students’ own answers. Suggested answers a watching a fi lm/DVD at home Good: cheap, stop the film when we want, talk if we like Bad: don’t get to talk much, screen is small b playing computer games Good: entertaining, makes you think Bad: gets boring, too repetitive, not healthy c going to the cinema Good: watch a film on big screen/in 3D, eat popcorn, see new film Bad: expensive, diffi cult to find a film everyone likes d going bowling Good: competition is good, keeps you fit Bad: expensive, difficult to get to a bowling alley e dancing Good: keeps you fit, listen to good music Bad: tiring, music is loud so you can’t talk f eating out Good: chat with friends, try different food Bad: cheap fast food is usually bad for you, some restaurants are expensive Students’ own answers.

famous singers choose a voice for their team then they compete to find the winner. 5 Likes the programme because the writer likes music, game shows and reality shows. The Voice is fairer because you can’t see the singers.

3 In my opinion, I think, I would recommend, far as I’m

4a

5

6

2b 2 BBC1, BBC3 3 Saturdays at 7 (BBC1), repeated on Sundays at 7 (BBC3) 4 Four

Students’ own answers.

4b

Students’ own answers.

5

(+/-)

3 1 disappointed 2 surprising 3 embarrassing 4 frightened 5 relaxed 6 tired

Unit 6 Vocabulary p70 1 Suggested answers Miami Beach, Gobi Desert, The Black Forest, North/South Pole, Easter Island, Amazon Jungle/Rainforest, Lake Michigan, Mont Blanc, The Alps, The Mediterranean Sea, The Pacific Ocean, The River Thames, Death Valley.

2

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

6

3

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

Language checkpoint: Unit 5 Grammar revision p69 1 1 My school is bigger than this school. 2 You look thinner than the last time I saw you. 3 Some people think that watching sport is more boring than playing it. 4 The Volga is the longest river in Europe. 5 Ethan is much worse at German than Jake. 6 Do you think this exercise is the most difficult in the book? 7 That’s the silliest thing you’ve said today.

2 1 Spain isn’t as big as the US. 2 A kilo of sugar is as heavy as a kilo of iron 3 To become a doctor, philosophy is less important than anatomy. 4 Jamie isn’t as old as Brad. 5 I’m less good at maths than my best friend. I’m not as good at maths as my best friend. 6 Playing tennis is less dangerous than parachuting.

3 1 It’s too high 2 He isn’t old enough 3 My legs aren’t strong enough 4 I haven’t got enough money 5 She’s too young 6 It isn’t warm enough 7 It’s too slow

4 1 4 7 9 5

greenhouse effect 2 melt 3 drought ozone layer 5 pollution 6 flood global warming 8 nuclear disaster oil spill

Suggested answers a You can recycle bottles here. It’s good for the environment. b This is a flood. It has rained a lot. c This is the ozone layer. It protects us from the sun’s rays. d There is a drought in this place. It is very dry.

6 1 b 2 c 3 a 7

4 d

Suggested answers 1 very hot summers, less rain, some areas becoming desert 2 floods in low-lying and coastal areas in spring and autumn, droughts in the summer 3 have baths instead of showers, leave lights and the TV on 4 switch off the tap when I brush my teeth, switch off lights, TV and computer when not using them 5 plastic, glass, cans, food waste and clothes

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9 of 19

B1

Student’s Book answer key Reading p71

5

1a They both contain seeds.

1b

Students’ own answers.

2

The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is the most important building in the world because it stores seeds and protects our food source for the future.

3 1 don’t pay (D) 2 won’t (E) 3 the

Example answers 2 I think there will be more reality TV programmes. 3 I think green politicians will win the next election. 4 We will see new products made from recycled materials. 5 France will win the next World Cup. 6 We will find a cure for Aids in the near future.

6

altitude and temperature will protect the seeds (E) 4 a wide variety (C) 5 doesn’t have (C) 6 possible environmental disasters (B) 7 might (A)

Students’ own answers.

7a

Suggested answers 2 100% certain 3 50% certain 4 50% certain 5 50% certain 6 50% certain 7 70% certain 8 100% certain

4 Students’ own answers.

5

impact = effect, cause problems vault = a safe place to keep or store things survive = stay alive in difficult circumstances/ catastrophe – a major disaster peas = a small round green vegetable like a small bean level = how high or low something is remote = far away and difficult to reach

7b In sentences 1 and 2 the adverbs come after will. In sentences 7 and 8 the adverbs come before won’t.

8 2 will definitely become 3 The consequences will perhaps be

4 definitely won’t end 5 probably won’t change their 6 It’s possible that the situation

6

9

Students’ own answers.

Example answers 1 I think summers will definitely get hotter. 2 In my opinion, polar bears will probably become extinct. 3 From my point of view, cars of the future definitely won’t use petrol. 4 I’m pretty sure that we won’t have another ice age. 5 I think it’s possible that natural disasters will become more common. 6 I think the south of Europe might become a desert one day.

Grammar in context p72 1b 2 b 2a

3 a 4 e

5 d

The words in bold are stressed because they are the content words. The other words are unstressed because they are function words.

2b

The words in bold are pronounced longer and louder and have a higher pitch. The pronunciation of be going to is unstressed and the words are contracted.

2c

Students’ own answers

3 1 will disappear 2 ’s going to be 3 ’ll open 4 will be 5 are going to write 6 will cause 7 ’ll come 4 Example answers 2 I’m going to decorate my bedroom. 3 I’m going to apply for work experience at the local radio station. 4 I’m going to play in a football match on Friday. 5 I’m going to visit my cousins this weekend. 6 I’m going to go out with my friends after school.

10 Students’ own answers.

Developing vocabulary p73 1 1 c 2 e 3 d 4 a 5 b 2 1 red 2 thin 3 ready 4 worse 5 late 6 dark get means become in each sentence.

3 2 You get tired. 3 You get presents. 4 You get home late. 5 You get bread. 6 You get an email with news. 4a Students’ own answers.

Gateway to life skills p74 1 Students’ own answers.

2

Text A: 1 It is the impact each person has on the environment when they create greenhouse gases. 2 The things you are directly responsible for are the primary footprint (electricity and travelling). The things you are indirectly responsible for are the secondary footprint. (emissions from factories that make the things we buy). 3 Yes, packaged food and travelling by train or plane. 4 They can use less electricity e.g. watch less TV, switch off the lights, unplug phones or play outside. Text B: 1 The amount of water we use every day. 2 The primary footprint is the water we use directly e.g for washing and drinking and the secondary footprint is the water we use indirectly e/g the water used for growing food or making things. 3 Yes, meat and washing dishes. They are bad for the environment because they need a lot of water. 4 The text says the food we eat makes a difference.

3

Students’ own answers.

4

Suggested answers Collect water from the sinks in the bathrooms. Sell special food in the school canteen. Use less paper. Try to use less electricity. Grow our own vegetables. Travel to school by train or coach in big groups instead of using cars.

5

Students’ own answers.

6 1 recycling 2 11 3 cans/plastic bottles 4 paper 5 little 6 forgot 7 12 7 Students’ own answers.

LIFE TASK Students’ own answers.

Listening p76 1a Students’ own answers.

1b

Students’ own answers.

2

There is a corridor in a school which produces sustainable energy. When students run in the corridor it produces enough energy to charge mobile phones.

3 1 T 2 F

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3 F

4 T 5 F 6 F

7 T

10 of 19

B1

Student’s Book answer key 4 2 The idea came from someone who used to study at the school. 3 They

4 Are you up to anything at the weekend? Do you fancy verb + -ing? What time shall we meet? Why don’t we meet at …? Sure/OK/Fine/Good idea. Not really

could charge one mobile for two and a half years. 5 He had the idea when he was watching people at Victoria Station. 6 He used the technology at a dance festival and at the Paris Marathon and in a station in London during the Olympic Games.

5a

To show enthusiasm, the voice starts high, then goes down and then goes up again.

5b

5

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

6

Students’ own answers.

Grammar in context p76

7a

1a

Students’ own answers.

things that are generally true

7b

1b 1 present tense, present tense 2 No.

Students’ own answers.

It can come second with no difference of meaning. 3 We use a coma when if is in the first part of the sentence.

2 1 go 2 doesn’t rain 3 are 4 die 5 is 6 shines 3a

3b Students’ own answers.

4a

possible

4b 1 present simple 2 will or won’t 5 1 don’t, will need 2 cut, will disappear 3 will be, disappear 4 are, will become 5 will die, becomes 6 a don’t do b will create c continues d will need e won’t be f don’t have g forget h will use 7 Students’ own answers.

Developing speaking p78 1 Students’ own answers.

2 1 They’re going to go to the beach. 2 They’re going to meet at 11 o’clock at the station. 3 They’re going to bring some sandwiches. 4 They will go somewhere else.

3 a good b beach c 11 o’clock d station e sandwiches f have lunch on the beach g rains h ring on your mobile i Liz j 11

1 1 desert 2 rainforest 3 mountain range 4 beach 5 lake 6 ice cap 7 island 2 a Global warming b ozone layer c floods d droughts e waste f save g recycle 3 1 bought 2 arrive 3 bring 4 received 5 became 6 received

Gateway to exams: Units 5–6 Listening p82

Developing writing p79

1

1

2 1 E 2 B 3 A 4 D 3 1 Dan 2 Amanda 3 Jerry 4 Sarah 5 Dan

Harry Macdonald thinks climate change is real. He thinks there is evidence with colder winters and hotter summers.

2

Suggested answers 2 your eyes get sore 3 you feel tired in the morning 4 my parents argue 5 I listen and participate 6 I get good marks at school

Vocabulary revision p81

Students’ own answers.

3

The reader agrees with Harry Macdonald.

4

Sequence: Next, Finally Addition: What is more Contrast: Nevertheless

5 1 What is more/Furthermore 2 Firstly, Finally 3 However/Nevertheless 6a Students’ own answers.

6b

Students’ own answers.

Language checkpoint: Unit 6 Grammar revision p81 1 1 The students are going to go on an excursion. 2 What are your plans? What are you doing /going to do tomorrow?

3 They say it’s going to rain next week. 4 I can’t meet you tomorrow because I am going to do an exam.

2 1 definitely 2 may 3 Perhaps 4 probably 5 won’t 6 will 3 1 If you mix blue and yellow, you get green. 2 If you study hard for an exam, you get a good mark. 3 If you never

Students’ own answers.

Writing p82 4 Students’ own answers.

5

Students’ own answers.

Use of English p83 6 1 isn’t as hot as 2 is not as important as 3 will be too cold for 4 is more serious than 5 may become 6 will definitely die 7 things will probably get

Speaking p83 7 Suggested answers Making suggestions: Why don’t we …? Do you fancy …? Let’s … How about …? Shall we …? Responding to suggestions: Sure/OK/Fine/Great/Good idea; Not really/ Sorry, I can’t/I prefer …

8a

Students’ own answers.

8b

Students’ own answers.

brush your teeth, they go bad and fall out. 4 If you eat too much, you feel sick.

4 1 shines 2 finishes 3 you’ll get 4 comes 5 is 6 won’t bring

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11 of 19

B1

Student’s Book answer key Unit 7 Vocabulary p84 1 a vet b plumber c fashion designer d receptionist 3a Students’ own answers.

3b

Suggested answers architect, babysitter, baker, chef, dentist, doctor, editor, fashion designer, fi refi ghter, graphic designer, helicopter pilot, IT consultant, judge, kindergarten teacher, librarian, manager, mechanic, nurse, offi ce manager, painter, pharmacist, reporter, researcher, salesperson, taxi driver, teacher, umpire, vet, web designer, writer, zookeeper.

4

Suggested answers 2 gardeners, farmers, builders 3 lawyers, office workers, immigration officers 4 miners, carpenters, plumbers 5 waiters/waitresses, flight attendants, hairdressers 6 bankers, accountants, tax inspectors

Grammar in context p86

Developing vocabulary p87

1b 2 a 3 d 4 c, f 1c a verb in the infinitive (without to) 2b 1 Firefighters should be calm. 2 You mustn’t talk to the bus driver. 3 Discipline can be important. 4 My

1 1 part 2 easy 3 badly 4 full 5 well 6 blue/brown/green 7 right/ left 8 good 9 well 10 well 3a

science teacher comes to school at half past eight. 5 Fashion designers shouldn’t copy other people’s designs. 6 He works as a guide at the castle on the island.

3 1 You should learn French and English/ foreign languages. (You should read about other countries.) 2 You should practice cooking at home. (You should do the cooking for your family.) 3 You should study a lot/work really hard. (You should do a first aid course.) 4 You shouldn’t play computer games all the time. (You should get a science kit.)

4 1 3 6 5 2

5 2 caring, sensitive, patient, calm 3 fit, strong 4 clever/bright, creative 5 reliable, hard-working 6 sociable 7 confident 8 ambitious 6 1 builder 2 fashion designer 3 receptionist 4 shop assistant 7

must/have to 2 don’t have to mustn’t 4 have to 5 must/have to has to 7 doesn’t have to 8 deal

Builders must/have to wear hard hats here. 3 Frank should work in the summer. 4 In our school, teachers mustn’t wear jeans. 5 You shouldn’t wear informal clothes for a job interview. 6 Our receptionists don’t have to speak French. 7 Karen has to/must be calm in her job.

6a

Students’ own answers.

equipment = objects needed to do a specialised activity heights = high places like the top of buildings, mountains or bridges sorts = different types or varieties spy = a person who watches and gathers important information secretly treat = way of behaving towards another person mixture = combining more than one thing shout at = speak loudly, rudely and aggressively to people

Suggested answers a A doctor/nurse: You have to be good at listening to people. You should be confident. You shouldn’t get nervous in an emergency. You have to work as part of a team. You mustn’t make mistakes. b A police officer. You have to be fit. You must understand the law. You have to be honest. You should have good people skills. You must work as part of a team. You don’t have to be tall. You shouldn’t be impatient. You have to stay calm in difficult situations. c A football player: You have to be brilliant. You must be fit and strong. You don’t have to have any qualifications. You should be good at working in a team. You have to train a lot. d A teacher: You should be calm and patient. You have to know your subject. You don’t have to wear a suit to work. You mustn’t shout at the children. You don’t have to work in the summer. e A model: You should be good-looking or beautiful. You have to wear special clothes.

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

Reading p85 1 A1 Ryan O’ Connor. This person prepares people for bungee-jumps. B3 Grace Simmons. She’s a mystery shopper. C2 Gavin Henderson. He’s a rickshaw driver.

2 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 T 8 T 9 F 10 T 3

5 T 6 F

7 F

Students’ own answers.

4

5

Students’ own answers.

3b

Students’ own answers.

4

Suggested answers 1 I’m right-handed and easy-going. My dad is left-handed and brown-eyed. 2 He isn’t easy-going! 3 He’s lefthanded, easy-going, well-paid, browneyed and good-looking.

Gateway to life skills p88 1 Suggested answers They both need to be hard-working. They both need to pay attention to detail. They both need to be good at working as a team and working individually. They both need to be good at communicating.

2

Transferable skills are skills that can be used in different jobs, not just one specific job. They are important because people change jobs and careers and employers want people with good transferable skills.

3 1 Because people did the same job for life. 2 Everybody, because we use technology everywhere. 3 Good

communication, teamwork and leadership, working well with others; creating a good personal impression is essential. 4 waiters, bankers and shop assistants 5 problem solving 6 ambitious people, to keep learning and improving the company

4 Students’ own answers.

6b

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12 of 19

B1

Student’s Book answer key 5a and 5b Suggested Key 5a and 5b Amelia

1 Friendly and caring

Kieran

Molly

✓ The girls like her. She wants to know how they feel.

2 Good communication skills

✓ I want people to understand what I’m telling them.

3 Good at motivating others

✓ They enjoy coming she tries to motivate them.

4 Good at organising others

✓ I’ve made a timetable, we’ve got training sessions and matches.

5 ICT skills

✓ A computer expert

6 Leadership

✓ I help train our youngest team.

✓ I had an idea.

7 Maths and money

✓ I had an idea to get some money. We had a raffle and a lottery.

8 Patience

✓ I’m good at staying calm and explaining as many times as necessary.

9 Problem solving

✓ Usually know what to do

10 Teamwork

Students’ own answers.

LIFE TASK Students’ own answers.

Listening p90 1 Suggested answers Bad: You don’t get paid much money. You spend a lot of time standing around. You have to be really patient. It’s probably boring. Good: You see famous people. You can work in the film industry. You wear interesting costumes.

2

Students’ own answers.

5 b

She is calling about the shop assistant job.

3 a played b looked c ate d did e was f put 4a Example answers 1 If I were you, I’d get a part-time job. 2 If I were you, I’d learn to speak English really well. 3 If I were you, I’d start recycling at home. 4 If I were you, I’d start going to bed earlier. 5 If I were you, I’d try yoga. 6 If I were you, I’d check your spelling in a dictionary.

5a

Students’ own answers.

5b

1a a possible and probable b the present or future c give advice 1b 1 the past simple 2 would(n’t) + infinitive 3 can 2 2 If he could see well, he would be a pilot. 3 She would repair computers if she knew how to.

2

more languages. 6 If we were happy, we wouldn’t want to leave this company. 7 She would take part in the concert if she could sing well.

Students’ own answers.

Grammar in context p90

4 If I was fast enough, I would be a

5 I would work as an interpreter if I spoke

4b

Students’ own answers.

professional athlete.

✓ I really like working with others.

✓ I enjoy being with the girls and I think I have a good relationship with them.

6

3 1 c 2 b 3 a 4 a 4

✓ There were some problems

Students’ own answers.

Developing speaking p92 1a Students’ own answers.

1b

Suggested answers Do I have to wear a uniform? Do I get a discount on clothes? Is there any training? Do I need any special qualifications? What hours do I have to work? Do you get any time to visit the country? What sports do they do? How old are the children? How big are the groups?

3 1 Could I ask for some information first? 2 Could you tell me if the job is full-time or part-time? 3 Can you tell me what the wages are?

4 Could you tell me/Could I ask/Can you tell me … if you need experience?/what we have to do?/what the wages are?/when the job starts?/when I can apply?/ how I can apply?/how much we have to do?/what sort of person you are looking for?

5a

Students’ own answers.

5b

Students’ own answers.

Developing writing p93 1 US Au pairs, because she talks about experience with children and says she’s patient and caring.

2 1 5 3 2 3

letter CV

2 letter 3 both 4 CV

She is caring, patient and hard-working. 34 Norton Road, Stoke SO3 6HT, 034 2455212, 632 123456, [email protected] 4 cookery, surfing, computers 5 She has experience of working with children as a part-time kindergarten teacher and as a helper at a summer camp.

4 Students’ own answers.

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13 of 19

B1

Student’s Book answer key 5 6

Qualities: hard-working, sociable, friendly Skills: good people skills, able to work in a team, numeracy, responsible Experience: previous jobs in other fast food restaurants

7a

Students’ own answers.

7b

Students’ own answers.

Language checkpoint: Unit 7 Grammar revision p95 1 1 mustn’t 2 must/have to 3 don’t have to 4 have to/must 5 mustn’t 6 doesn’t have to 7 mustn’t 2 a look for b Should I c would send d shouldn’t e would 3 1 If I saw a bear, I’d take a photo of it. 2 If my brother was angry, he would shout. 3 If my parents won the lottery, they’d give me a present. 4 If I didn’t have a pen, I’d ask my friend for one. 5 If we didn’t have a TV, we’d talk more. 6 If he wasn’t very good at football, he wouldn’t play in the first division. 7 If I lived in Italy, I’d speak Italian. 8 If we had wings, we’d be able to fly.

Vocabulary revision p95 1 1 4 7 2 1

Grammar in context p98

Unit 8

Ms, look forward, sincerely, contractions

journalist 2 builder 3 plumber shop assistant 5 receptionist 6 vet fashion designer 8 mechanic

Alex is very ambitious because he wants to have his own company in five years. 2 He’s very reliable. He is always on time. 3 She’s very caring. Do you remember when she looked after you when you were ill? 4 Dean is very sociable. He always chats to people. 5 When you’re creative, you have lots of great ideas. 6 If you are very bright, you can do your work easily.

3 1 paid 2 going 3 known 4 handed 5 looking 6 time

1a

Vocabulary p96 1 2 2 1 8 3 1 6 5

i

The actions in green (past perfect) happened before the actions in red (past simple).

3 a/b

g 2 i 3 j 4 c a 9 b 10 d

1b 5 h

of 2 to 3 with, up on, with 7 out

6 e

7 f

4 out 5 in

6

Students’ own answers.

7 1 fear 2 boredom 3 excitement 4 anger 5 happiness 8 Students’ own answers.

Reading p97 1 Yes, they are.

2 1 g 2 a 3 d 4 j 5 f 6 h 7 i 8 c 9 b 10 e 3 1 Sometimes they had arguments about school. 2 He was angry because Nadeem was talking about his mark in a test. 3 A part of the river bank broke because of the rain. 4 Nadeem couldn’t swim. 5 A sharp stone. 6 You should forget arguments but you should remember kindness.

4 Example answer The message of the story is to forgive the bad things your friends do, but to remember the good things as these are more permanent and more important.

5

competitive = wanting to be better than other people wet = the opposite of dry, the way the countryside looks when there is rain kept on = continue doing slapped = hit hard with an open hand shocked = very surprised because of an unexpected event river bank = the sides of a river safety = a place where there is no danger sharp = pointed like a knife so that it can cut Students’ own answers.

1c

Have, past participle

Adjectives: afraid angry bored excited happy lonely sad Nouns: anger boredom excitement fear happiness loneliness sadness

6

before

2a 1 ’d 3 ’d 4 ’d 6 ’d 2b 1 He’d known him since he was five 2 They went to live in another town. 3 She’d gone to the shops. 4 We’d seen him that morning. 5 She took her phone with her. 6 I’d given him my pen. 3a 1 b 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 e 6 c 3b 2 When/After I had finished the shopping, I carried it home. 3 When/After they had finished their lunch, they left the restaurant. 4 When/After he had got out of the pool, he dried himself with a towel. 5 When/After we had finished the test, we gave it to the teacher. 6 When/After I had found my keys, I opened the door.

4 Example answers 2 I was feeling ill because I’d eaten too many sweets. 3 They were very happy because they had passed all their exams. 4 She was bored because her friends had gone on holiday. 5 We were angry because we had lost the football match. 6 He was feeling sad because he had had an argument with his girlfriend. 7 Yesterday I was excited because my friend had invited me to stay. 8 They were afraid because he had switched off all the lights.

5 a had learned/had learnt b had passed c had given d hadn’t made e had been f had met g hadn’t seen h had taken 6 1 Had you begun to learn English by the age of seven?

2 Had you travelled to a different country by the age of seven?

3 Had you learnt to read by the age of seven?

4 Had you swum in the sea by the age of seven?

5 Had you started to ride a bike by the age of seven?

6 Had you been on holiday without your parents by the age of seven?

7 Had you used a computer by the age of seven?

7 a habits b infinitive

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B1

Student’s Book answer key 8 1 used to 2 didn’t use to 3 used to 4 didn’t use to 5 used to 6 didn’t use to 9a

5c 1 He left his door open so that people would come and say hello. 2 Students came to eat her chocolate brownies. 3 He knocked on people’s doors and asked them to play sports. 4 She joined the photographic society and met people with similar interests and made her best friend.

Students’ own answers.

9b

Students’ own answers.

6 a 2 b 1 c 4 d 3 e 2 f 4 7

Vocabulary p99 1 boredom, freedom, friendship, happiness, illness, kingdom, leadership, loneliness, madness, relationship, sadness, weakness

3 1 madness 2 Leadership 3 weakness 4 freedom 5 relationship 6 illness 7 happiness 8 boredom 4a 1 ship 2 ness 3 dom 4 iness 5 dom 6 dom 7 ness 4b Example answers 1 I think it’s important to always tell the truth and be loyal. 2 I am quite impatient sometimes. 3 I think I have a lot of freedom. My parents let me stay out late and do what I want. 4 The secret of happiness is to enjoy the present and not worry about the future. 5 You can stop boredom if you always carry a good book with you. 6 Yes, I’d love to go there to study English in the summer. 7 Yes, I once bought a really expensive pair of jeans that I didn’t really need.

Gateway to life skills p100

LIFE TASK Students’ own answers.

Listening p102 1 Students’ own answers.

3 1 section 4 2 Jessica doesn’t agree but Jack does.

4 1 what they saw 2 waiting 3 how long 4 doesn’t agree 5 quality of the food 6 never

Grammar in context p102

1b

Example answers When we change schools. When things aren’t going well with old friends. When we move to a new town. When we join a club. When there is someone new at school or in the neighbourhood.

2

3 1 F, line 14 2 T, line 15 3 F, line 19 4 F, line 17 5 T, line 20 6 F, line 23 4 Students’ own answers.

5a

Suggested answers If you make cakes, you can share them. If you do sports or team games, you will meet people when you play. If you join a club, you will meet the other members. If you leave your door open, people will come in.

3 football

1a Students’ own answers.

1b

Suggested answers Picture a: This picture shows friends at a sport event (probably a football match). They are all shouting and cheering for their team. I like doing active things with friends. Picture b: This picture shows some boys at a barbecue/ party. In the background, there are some trees. The boys look relaxed and happy. I like parties with my friends because I always have a good time.

2 1 Because he had passed his driving test. 2 At his parents’ holiday home in the country. 3 It was the best part of

the party because one of Mike’s friends was a DJ and he played really cool music. 4 About 50 5 Joe’s parents 6 Oliver

3 1 c, ii 2 d, iii 3 b, iv 4 a, i 4 Students’ own answers.

5

Students’ own answers.

1b

Gerund: 1, 5, 6, 7 Infinitive: 2, 3, 4

2

Section 5: 3, 7, 2, 4, 6 Section 6: 7, 5, 3, 1, 6

4 a to make b to make c being d to know e showing f falling g to make h to argue i listening j to hear k doing l accepting m to spend n Defending o Getting 5

Developing writing p105 1 She doesn’t have a lot in common with an old friend and she needs some advice.

2

Suggested answers Rachel should talk to her friend and find things they still have in common. She should spend more time with her because they’ve been friends for a long time. She shouldn’t lie to her friend.

3

Students’ own answers.

4

Students’ own answers.

First of all, Next, After that, Lastly

William Hanna and Joseph Barbera were the creators of popular cartoons. They were responsible for create creating Tom and Jerry, The Flintstones, and Scooby-Doo. Hanna and Barbera had different skills. Hanna, for example, liked singing and play playing music. Barbera was very good at think thinking of funny situations for the characters. Hanna used to go walk walking and he enjoyed to be being outdoors. Barbera relaxed by go going to the beach. Eat Eating good food was another of his hobbies. They had different personalities but they got on really well. They were always excited about work working together. They remained partners and friends for over 60 years.

Suggested answers Problem: He is worried about his friend. Advice: Try talking to him. Call him and try to chat. Speak to his parents. Ask a teacher. Ask some of his other friends.

6

Students’ own answers.

Developing speaking p104

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

1a

3

1a

5b 1 open door 2 brownies 4 photography

Students’ own answers.

8b

7

Students’ own answers.

8a

Students’ own answers.

5a

5b

Students’ own answers.

6

Students’ own answers.

Language checkpoint: Unit 8 Grammar revision p107 1 1 had finished, brushed 2 had done, said 3 dried, had washed 4 took, had had 5 arrived, had started 6 had written, sent 7 went, had bought

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15 of 19

B1

Student’s Book answer key 2 1 used to 2 didn’t use to 3 didn’t use to 4 used to 3 1 to buy (infinitive to explain why

fiction

2

sentence)

Students’ own answers.

4 fishing (gerund with go to talk about physical activities) 5 cycling (gerund after verbs of liking and disliking) 6 to listen (infinitive after certain verbs like want) 7 opening (gerund after prepositions) 8 to help (infinitive immediately after adjectives)

Vocabulary revision p107 1 1 d 2 e 3 a 4 b 5 c 6 g 7 f 2 1 sadness (-) 2 fear (-) 3 loneliness (-) 4 boredom (-) 5 anger (-) 6 excitement (+) 7 happiness (+) 3 1 weakness 2 loneliness 3 madness 4 relationship 5 illness 6 freedom 7 leadership

1 1 grapes 2 factory 3 jam 4 recipe 2 Fraser Doherty has become a millionaire by inventing and selling his own unusual jams.

3 1 T, lines 4–6 2 F, lines 8–9 3 T, lines 7–8 4 F, lines 11–12 5 F, lines 21– 23 6 T, lines 23–27 7 T, lines 34–36 8 T,

5

Students’ own answers.

Listening p109 6 A job working as an au pair in New York

7 1 c 2 a 3 a 8

4 a

Students’ own answers.

Speaking p109 9

5 c

Students’ own answers.

4 2 manual 3 autobiography 4 biography 5 cookbook 6 atlas 7 newspaper 8 textbook 9 magazine 10 Encyclopaedia 5a 1 atlas, cookbook, guidebook, textbook 2 newspaper 3 magazine 4 biography 5 autobiography, encyclopaedia

Reading p108

Students’ own answers.

3

5c 1 horror, science fiction, thriller, comic, graphic novel 2 fairy tale, fantasy 3 – 4 historical 6 1 crime novel 2 guide book 3 comic/ graphic novel 4 encyclopaedia 5 biography 7

Gateway to exams: Units 7–8

4

Students’ own answers

1 a play b romance c crime novel d fantasy e science fiction f historical

somebody does something)

Writing

1a

Vocabulary p110

2 seeing (gerund after prepositions) 3 Smoking (gerund as the subject of a

lines 15–17

Grammar in context p112

Unit 9

Students’ own answers.

Reading p111 1 1 c 2 d 3 a 4 b 2 1 f 2 b 3 e 4 a 5 h 6 c 8 g 3

7 d

Suggested answers a Walliams swam 225 kilometres of the River Thames for charity. b 30,000 copies of one of his new books fell in the sea near China. c He was a judge on the reality show Britain’s Got Talent. d He won an award for his 2nd book.

1b 1 The tense of the verbs changes when they go into reported speech; they usually go one tense ‘back’. 2 In reported speech, pronouns and possessive adjectives often have to change because the person who said it is different to the person who is reporting it. 3 Tell is always followed by a personal object, whereas say does not need one. 4 We do not need to use that after say and tell.

2 1 8 3 2 4 7 4 1 6 5 2

f 2 b g

3 c

4 c

said 2 told 3 told said (Superman)

7 e

4 said 5 said

‘I came to Earth from a different planet.’ 3 ‘I can fly.’ 4 ‘I am working as journalist.’ 5 ‘I don’t like kryptonite.’ 6 ‘I’ve got an ‘S’ on the front of my costume.’

6 2 here 3 today 4 yesterday 5 tomorrow 6 tonight 7 next (week/ month/year) 8 last (week/month/year) 9 a (week/month/year) ago 7 2 She said (that) she was 17 years old. 3 She said (that) she had already written two novels. 4 She said (that) she’d started writing when she was 14. 5 She said (that) she lives in California but she was born in Hong Kong. 6 She said (that) the first language she spoke was Japanese. 7 She said (that) apart from writing, she was a regular teenage girl. 8 She said (that) her next novel will be out that summer.

8a

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

5

8b

youth = a young person, usually teenager judge = someone who decides on the winner in a competition award = a prize or reward for achieving something on sale = available to buy chills = feeling of fear or excitement raising = to collect money for a cause publisher = person who manages the writing and production of books

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

6 a

past continuous 3 past perfect past perfect 5 would 6 could might 8 had to

4

6

5 d

8c

Students’ own answers.

Vocabulary p113 1 Students’ own answers.

2 1 e 2 a 3 d 4 f 5 c 6 g 7 b 3 a flick b on c look d over e out f cross

Students’ own answers.

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B1

Student’s Book answer key Gateway to life skills p114

Grammar in context p116

1

1a 1 RQ 2 RQ 3 DQ 4 DQ 5 RQ 6 DQ 7 DQ 8 RQ 1b 1 change 2 don’t use 3 don’t use 4 don’t put 5 use 2 1 who 2 what 3 if/whether 4 if/whether 5 if/whether 6 why 7 if/whether 3 1 Journalist: Are you making a fi lm at

Suggested answers 1 A teenage girl with wings, a city that looks like New York, an electric storm 2 fantasy or perhaps science fiction 3 I think it might be about angels.

2 1 Fantasy/science fiction/thriller 2 It tells you that the writer was created as part of an experiment where you only end up 98% human.

3 1 lives with his family (five other kids), he’s special, he is 98% human and 2% other, he grew up in a science lab/school, he has special abilities 2 there are five other people, Fang, Iggy, Nudge, the Gasman, and Angel, they’re not related by blood, they’re all cool and smart, all part of the experiment 3 also part of an experiment, tough and smart, part human part wolf, they are guards for the school, they want to kill the other part of the experiment

4 2 They want to kill us. 3 Keep reading. Don’t let anyone stop you. 4 Welcome to out nightmare. 5 The six of us – me, Fang, Iggy, Nudge, the Gasman, and Angel – were made by the worst, most horrible ‘scientists’ you could possibly imagine. 6 We’re – well, we’re kind of amazing. 7 I’m risking everything that matters by telling you – but you need to know.

5 Students’ own answers.

6a

the moment? Film director: No, I’m not, but I’m going to start a new one soon. 2 Writer: Did you enjoy my book? Man: I think it is the most beautiful thing I’ve ever read. 3 Reporter: Why won’t you answer any of my questions? Singer: I only want to talk about my new CD and I’m not going to talk about anything else. 4 Teacher: Can you write an essay for tomorrow? Students: We can’t because we have to study for an exam and we won’t have enough time. 5 Julie: How many times have you read your comic? Me: I’ve read it three times.

Students’ own answers.

Developing speaking p118 2

F

2 F

3 T 4 T 5 F

6 F

Use adjectives and adverbs to make your writing more descriptive: falling softly and slowly from the trees. Use a variety of past tenses: It was autumn and the golden leaves were falling. Use words and expressions of time and sequence: It was autumn, Soon after, When

6

Students’ own answers.

Language checkpoint: Unit 9

concert the following week.

2 Daniel told the teacher that he was sorry but he would be late the following day.

3 Holly said it was her dictionary. 4 Sylvia said she had always wanted to write stories.

5 They told us there was going to be a concert in that room.

6 They said the play would start at seven

2 1 She asked if I was from Mexico. 2 Jo asked Paul when he was going to leave.

3 I asked Katie why she was crying. 4 The teacher asked me whether I had

Students’ own answers.

week b science fiction c year Occasionally e are thinking f friends look different

2 i 3 f

article the previous day.

Students’ own answers.

LIFE TASK

2 a d g 3 1

4 1 h 5

hadn’t read any of his/her books.

5d

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

adverbs and adjectives; yes, as there is more detail

8 The journalist said he had written the

Students’ own answers.

1

1

3

o’ clock the following day.

5c

Listening p116

Students’ own answers.

7 The students told the writer that they

5b

Students’ own answers.

2

1 1 My sister said she was going to a

Speaker 1: Romeo and Juliet; Speaker 2: White Fang; Speaker 3: Frankenstein

7

Students’ own answers.

Grammar revision p121

Students’ own answers.

Romance, 1; A serious message, 1; Simple sentences, 2; Interesting relationships, 3; Fascinating characters, 2; An unexpected story, 3

1

Keira asked Matt what he had done the night before. Matt said he hadn’t done much. He had just watched TV with his parents. Keira asked Matt if he had studied for the literature exam. Matt asked Keira when they had the exam. Keira replied they were doing it that day. Matt asked Keira why she hadn’t reminded him. Keira said she had told him but he hadn’t been listening. She asked him why he never paid attention to her.

6b 6c

Developing writing p119

4

5a

Students’ own answers.

5a Students’ own answers.

ever read that book.

Holes, Louis Sachar, Crime novel 1 It’s clever. 2 The descriptions are very realistic. 3 The characters are likeable. 4 There are lots of dialogues. 5 It’s easy and fast to read. 6 It’s funny. 7 It has a happy ending.

5 Tom asked her if she would help him the

3

8 I asked Jo how many pages it had.

like … begin, of all, more, true, but not least, up

4 1 e 5a

2 d 3 c 4 f 5 b

following day.

6 Abigail asked her dad if the doctor had seen Sam the previous day.

7 Our teacher asked us if we knew the answer to that question.

6 a

Students’ own answers.

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B1

Student’s Book answer key Vocabulary revision p121 1 1 4 7 2 1 4 7 9 3 1

5

fantasy 2 thriller 3 play romance 5 fairy tale 6 historical graphic novel 8 horror atlas 2 autobiography 3 cookbook manual 5 guidebook 6 newspaper textbook 8 encyclopaedia magazine g

2 c

3 f 4 e

5 b 6 d 7 a

6

Unit 10

Students’ own answers.

Vocabulary p122

Grammar in context p124

1 a printer b headset (headphones/ microphone) c webcam d monitor/ screen e speaker f hard drive g USB port h USB cable i tablet j scanner k keyboard l mouse m flashdrive/pendrive n mouse mat 3 1 d 2 a 3 c 4 e 5 f 6 b 4

1a Passive: 1, 4 Active: 2, 3

broadband = a type of connection between a computer and the Internet that allows you to send or receive a large amount of information in a short time online = connected to the Internet surf the Net = to go on the Internet and look at different websites websites = a set of pages on the same domain homepage = the main page of a website search engine = a computer program that is used for searching for information on the Internet

5a 1 verb 2 noun 5b 1 I want to download this song. 2 The download didn’t work.

5c 1 second 2 first 6a 6b

by hundreds of thousands of people. 6 More than $83,000 is spent in just one big Internet store. 7 Correct

4 1 A lot of silicon chips are made in India. 2 Many people are employed in the computer industry. 3 Amazing new technology is invented every day. 4 Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft create most new games consoles. 5 Computer games are played by millions of kids every day. 6 The use of the Internet is controlled by some governments. 7 A password is not needed to enter this site.

olives, tomatoes and grapes are grown. 3 Tropical fruits are not grown in Italy. 4 Pizza is eaten in Italy. 5 Rugby and winter sports are played in Italy. 6 Cars, food, wine, glass and planes are exported from Italy. 7 Cricket is not played in Italy.

Students’ own answers.

Reading p123 1 Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

1b 1 T 2 T 3 T 1c 1 be 2 by 2 1 is found 2 is refined 3 is heated, (is) made 4 are cut 5 are added 6 are put 7 are worn 8 are sent 3 1 More than 240 million emails are sent. 2 Around 20 million photos are seen. 3 More than 1.3 million videos are watched. 4 Correct 5 Music is played

5a 1 Pizza, wine, olive oil, glasses, cars and planes are made. 2 Lemons, oranges,

Students’ own answers.

2 1 Sir Tim Berners-Lee 2 1989 than 600 million 4 1993 3 1 c 2 a 3 a 4 c 5 c 4

old-fashioned = not modern, from the past graduate = a person who has just completed a degree at university browser = something you use to access information on the Web e.g. Internet Explorer or Firefox mine = a rich source of something (such as information) principles = Ideas and beliefs, things you feel strongly about server = a system which delivers web pages

3 more

Gateway to life skills p126 1a Suggested answers You can upload photos. You can send messages. You can post information about yourself. You can write a blog.

1b

Students’ own answers.

2 1 How social networking can affect getting a job in the future.

2 Sometimes good and sometimes bad. It depends. You have to be careful what you put, some things can help getting a job some things make getting a job more difficult.

3 1 43 percent 2 It usually has a negative effect. 3 The candidate posted inappropriate photos or information.

4 If the qualifications are real. 5 It

can make you look professional, show your personality and interests, it can show if you are creative and have good communication skills. It can also show what people think of you. 6 They want to get an idea of a candidate’s behaviour and personality outside the interview. 7 Think carefully before you post anything online so your social media profile sends out the correct message.

4 Suggested answers a Choose a good password, one that’s difficult to guess. b Don’t share private information. c Think carefully before posting things. d Don’t use social networking sites with an older age limit. e Don’t post nasty comments about people.

5 1 d 2 c 3 e 4 b 5 a 6 1 You should be honest about your age. If you’re too young for a site, don’t use it.

2 You should think carefully before you post them. 3 A phone number is private information so you shouldn’t put it online.

4 A good password has a combination of letters, words and symbols. 5 Don’t be unfriendly or cruel. If you haven’t got anything nice to say, don’t say it.

7 Students’ own answers.

5b

LIFE TASK

Students’ own answers.

Students’ own answers.

Developing vocabulary p125

Listening p128

1 1 h 2 f 3 e 2 2 bounced back 3 address 4 check(ing) 5 forward 3

1

Students’ own answers.

Suggested answers Wikipedia is an online encyclopaedia, which is written by the public. It’s written in many different languages.

2

Students’ own answers.

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18 of 19

B1

Student’s Book answer key 3a Wikipedia is the fifth most popular website in the world. It has about 365 million readers. It was started in 2001 by two Americans but it isn’t written by them. Their original website became a ‘wiki’, a website that visitors can change and add information to. In 2007, approximately 1,700 articles were being added every day. ‘Wiki Wiki’ is a Hawaiian expression which means ‘quick’. Wikipedia articles can change quickly when things change in the world. Some people think this is a problem, because articles aren’t always correct. Culture and Arts are the most popular topic. 14% of articles on Wikipedia are about geography and places. There are more than 280 different language versions of Wikipedia. The English version has a total of over four million articles.

4

Students’ own answers.

Grammar in context p128 1a 1 past simple 2 past continuous 3 present perfect 4 present continuous 1b the verb to be

2 1 Traditional encyclopaedias have been transformed by Wikipedia. 2 Wikipedia wasn’t started by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. 3 Wikipedia articles are being changed at this moment. 4 Most of the articles on Wikipedia have been written by ordinary people. 5 Some Wikipedia articles have been ruined by ‘Vandals’. 6 A new Wikipedia for children was being created. 7 The article has been copied from Wikipedia. 8 A Wikipedia article was written by a famous scientist last year.

3 a were b which c by d have/had e been f of g can h in i there j being 4a 1 3 2 Brazil 3 Katy Perry 4 Microsoft 5 1st century 4b Students’ own answers.

4c

Students’ own answers.

5 a somebody else does an action for us b past participle c are d by e can 6 2 She had her hair cut. 3 He had his eyes tested. 4 She had a dress made. 7a 1 Correct 2 Have you ever had your computer fixed? 3 Correct 4 When was the last time you had your eyes tested?

7b Students’ own answers.

Developing speaking p130 1 Suggested answers Similarities: There are people using the computers together in each picture. There are two girls in each picture. Differences: In one picture they’re at school/college/ university, the other is probably an Internet café. At school they’re using the computer for study whereas in the other picture it’s for personal reasons. There’s a teacher in the first picture, but not in the second.

2

Students’ own answers.

3

Comparing: Both of the photos show … Contrasting: In this photo … but/whereas in the other photo … She uses all the expressions except Another thing they have in common …

4 1 similarity 2 Both 3 whereas 4 However 5 common 6 contrast 5a Students’ own answers.

5b

Students’ own answers.

Developing writing p131 1 1 8 2 2 3 2 3

j 2 e 3 k 4 l 5 d 6 g b 9 a 10 i 11 h 12 c e

7 f

Language checkpoint: Unit 10 Grammar revision p133 1 1 Computers are used everywhere. 2 A lot of chocolate is eaten in the UK. 3 Shoes aren’t worn in mosques. 4 Portuguese is spoken in Brazil. 5 Fish isn’t sold at the butcher’s. 6 Cars are made by robots in this factory. 7 This programme is watched by thousands of people. 8 The New Year is celebrated in many countries.

2 1 was sung 2 was won 3 visited by 4 was invented 5 are made 6 was seen 7 has been stolen 8 was hit 3 1 They had/got it painted. 2 He has/ gets it repaired. 3 We had/got it built. 4 I had/got it corrected. 5 She has/gets it done.

Vocabulary revision p133 1 1 2 1 4 3 1 4

f

2 b 3 a 4 c 5 e

6 d 7 g

surf 2 search engine 3 blog online 5 download 6 homepage reply 2 forward 3 delete bounce 5 address 6 check

3 c 4 d 5 a

OK. Sarah and Matt are coming, too. Great. What time? 4 We can’t come before eight. 5 OK. See you at eight. Please bring your laptop. See you later.

4 be, because, homework, late, message, speak, thanks, today, tomorrow, weekend, excellent.

5 2 THX 4 helping me with my HMWK. 3 Can U come 2MORO 2 fix my computer? 4 U should B happy BCZ YR exam results R XLNT. 5 Don’t forget 2 send me a MSG L8R 2nite. 6 I want 2 C U n Jo B4 I SPK 2 the teacher 2MORO.

Gateway to exams: Units 9–10 Reading p134 1 The text is about students ‘buying’ essays online.

2 1 C 2 A 3 E 4 D 3 1 c 2 a 3 c 4 c 5 b 4 Students’ own answers.

Use of English p135

Students’ own answers.

5 1 in 2 by 3 on 4 written 5 who 6 the 7 been 8 through 9 look

Students’ own answers.

Speaking p135

6a 6b

6a Students’ own answers.

6b

Students’ own answers.

Listening p135 7 1 1992 2 Short Message Service 3 160 4 Merry Christmas 5 different phone company 6 1999 7 Teenagers 8 cheaper

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B1+

B1+

Student’s Book answer key 4

Unit 1

Students’ own answers

5

Vocabulary p6

hold his breath = deliberately stop breathing lungs = organs in your chest you breathe with highly = hugely prove = show gradually = slowly

1 Build: overweight, strong, well-built Height: medium-height, tall Hair: bald, blonde, curly, dark, fair, long, medium-length, spiky, straight, wavy General: cute, good-looking, pretty

2

Build thin overweight strong well-built Height short medium-height tall Hair short bald blonde curly dark fair long medium-length spiky straight wavy General attractive cute good-looking pretty

6

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp8–9

Students’ own answers

Negative: … she isn’t teaching them in the same way as her father. Question: Are we expecting another record attempt?

Suggested answers Photo a (Laura Trott): She’s thin. She’s got long blonde hair. She’s very pretty. Photo b (Eddie Redmayne): He’s tall and quite good-looking. He’s got short, fair hair. Photo c (Usain Bolt): He’s well-built and strong. He’s got dark hair and brown eyes.

4 1  d  2 e  3 a  4 c  5 f  6 b  7 g 5 1  reliable  2 selfish  3 nice  4 clever   5  shy  6 arrogant  7 bossy  8 confident 6 1 Rose – lazy 2 William – arrogant 3 Jessica – tidy 4 Brandon – impatient 7a and 7b

Students’ own answers

4 1  old, elderly  2 attractive/good-looking   3  cheerful  4 thin  5 hard/difficult   6  clever/bright 5

1a 1  c  2 f  3 b  4 e  5 g  6 d  7 a 1b

3

3b Ooo: beautiful, difficult, elderly, sociable oOo: attractive, good-looking, outgoing 3c

2 1  is playing  2 play  3 is becoming   4  need  5 is studying  6 changes   7  wear 3 1  after  2 before  3 present simple   4  always, present continuous 4 a  ’s always using  b doesn’t usually play   c  ’s becoming  d ’s making  e doesn’t usually wear  f has got  g often say   h  play  i is changing  j don’t often play   k  always do  l is finishing  m usually plays 5a and 5b Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

7

Students’ own answers

6

Gateway to life skills  pp10–11 1a In English, the expression ‘glass half full’ is often used to describe someone optimistic with a positive outlook on life, e.g. His glass is always half full: when his flight was delayed he was happy because he had more time to visit the shops in the airport!

1b

Students’ own answers

2 1  ✓  2 ✓  3 ✓  4 ✗  5 ✓ 3a, 3b and 3c Students’ own answers

4

Students’ own answers

5a

Callum: computer games Naomi: listening to people Rachel: art and making things Toby: tennis

5b 1  F  2 T  3 T  4 T  5 F  6 F   7  T  8 F 6 Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary  p9

Reading  p7

1

Listening  p12

1

All these words describe someone’s appearance in a positive way: attractive – used for describing men and women who are pleasant to look at beautiful – extremely attractive (usually used of women) cute – attractive, usually small and easy to like good-looking – used for describing adults of both sexes and older children who are nice to look at handsome – usually used for a man or boy (= good-looking) pretty – usually used for young women and girls who have nice faces

1

Suggested answers In the first photo there is a man or boy under water. He isn’t moving. Perhaps he’s been there for a long time. Maybe he’s special because he can stay under water or hold his breath for a really long time. In the second photo there is a woman playing chess. Chess is a very difficult game and people who play it well are very intelligent.

2

Students’ own answers

3 1 F (lines 3–5) 2 F (lines 9–11) 3 F (lines 11–14) 4 T (lines 18–19) 5 T (lines 29–33) 6 F (lines 35–36) 7 F (lines 36–38) 8 F (lines 47–52)

2

cheerful – happy – glad difficult – hard elderly – old friendly – sociable – outgoing slim – thin

3a

attractive, beautiful, good-looking, difficult, elderly, outgoing, sociable

Students’ own answers

2 1  the sun  2 a face  3 a football   4  an eye  5 a flower 3 a  Speaker 2  b Speaker 1  c  Speaker 3   d  Speaker 4  e  Speaker 3  f  Speaker 5   g  Speaker 4  h  Speaker 5 4 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp12–13 1a They all describe states and situations.

1b

They are all in the present simple because action verbs can be used in continuous tenses, but verbs that describe states and situations can’t.

1c 1  love, like  2 don’t believe, know, think   3  looks, smell  4 have

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Student’s Book answer key 2 1  am looking, Do you know  2 looks   3  has got  4 is having  5 Do you know   6  don’t understand  7 believe   8  don’t like, want 3 1  sounds  2 smells  3 seem  4 looks   5  tastes  6 feels 4a and 4b Students’ own answers

5 a  sound  b ’m having  c ’m staying   d  remember  e has  f belongs  g lets   h  wants  i are (you) doing  j ’m getting   k  cooks  l ’s making  m smells   n  ’re making  o need  p ’s calling 6 Students’ own answers

1 Megan’s hobby: basketball Ellie’s hobbies: swimming, rock music, playing the guitar

2 a  first  b basketball  c swimming   d  rock  e guitar  f good 3 Students’ own answers

4 1  subject pronouns  2 auxiliary verbs and ‘to be’  3 negative, affirmative 5 1  haven’t you  2 can you  3 doesn’t she   4  isn’t she  5 is he  6 does he   7  can’t they 6 Answers on pages 147 and 148

7a, 7b and 7c

Students’ own answers

1 a  Rose  b Mia  c Olivia  d Brad 2

Students’ own answers

7 1 This is on the platform at the train station. 2 He is in a bed and breakfast. 3 She is at a ticket office. 4 They are in a caravan. 8

1 a are (you) wearing  b don’t usually wear   c  ’m going  d ’m starting  e work   f  ’re saving 2 1  I don’t usually go to school by bus.   2  (correct)  3 My friends and I sometimes play football after school.  4 Adam is often late.  5 (correct)  6 He never eats meat. 3 1  need  2 Do you know  3 Are you having  4 owns  5 don’t seem  6 prefer   7  are you looking  8 belongs 1 1  attractive (general)  2 well-built (build)   3  medium-height (height)  4 straight (hair)   5  cute (general)  6 overweight (build)   7  bald (hair) 2 1  noisy  2 untidy  3 serious   4  clever/intelligent/bright  5 unfriendly   6  lazy  7 impatient 3 1  clever/intelligent  2 good-looking/ handsome  3 hard  4 cheerful   5  sociable  6 elderly

Unit 2 Vocabulary  p18 1 and 2 Land transport: motorbike, bike Air transport: rocket, hot-air balloon Water transport: ferry

Students’ own answers

3 1  tired  2 an actress  3 he needs a holiday  4 normal  5 extreme  6 softer 4

5a and 5b

Grammar revision  p17

3 a  catch  b ticket office  c single   d  return  e fare  f luggage  g platform   h  miss  i delay  j cancel  k arrivals   l  departures 4

Developing writing  p15

Suggested answers 1 clever, long hair 2 happy, mad 3 nice person, friendly 4 shy, he’s quite serious

5 A campsite is a place where people

Vocabulary revision  p17

Developing speaking  p14

Brad: totally mad, makes people laugh Rose: extremely clever and helpful Olivia: always cheerful

Language checkpoint: Unit 1

5 a  hostel  b campsite, caravan, tent   c  bed and breakfast  d hotel  e motel 6 1 A motel is a type of hotel. It’s next to a big road. People usually stay there when they drive a long distance and just want to rest and sleep. 2 A hostel is a cheap place where travellers can stay for a short period of time. A hotel is more expensive and has more facilities. 3 A bed and breakfast is a small hotel or private house that provides a room for the night and a meal the next morning. 4 A tent is a structure made of cloth that you sleep in when camping. A caravan is used for living in on holiday and it is pulled behind a car.

on holiday can stay in tents or other temporary structures.

Students’ own answers

Reading  p19 1 Students’ own answers

2 1  trains, buses 2  Exeter to Barnstaple, then back to Exeter 3 1  a  2  c  3  a  4  b  5  b 4 Students’ own answers

5

collected = taken, gone to get announcements = information you hear loudly about trains or other important events for the benefit of = to help ritual = something a person always does in the same way conductor = the person in charge at the train station or on a bus timetable = the official times and destinations of trains or buses

6

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  p20 1a a past perfect, past simple b past simple, past simple c past continuous, past simple 1b 1 past perfect, a 2 past simple, b 3 past continuous, c 1c 1  He didn’t sit down. Did he sit down?   2  He wasn’t eating his sandwich. Was he eating his sandwich?  3 He hadn’t eaten his sandwich. Had he eaten his sandwich?

2a 1 was shining 2 caught 3 was riding 4 were waiting 5 bought 6 was looking 7 was snowing 8 heard 2b

past continuous

3 1 was watching 2 was leaving

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Student’s Book answer key 7 a  food  b plants  c soil  d contaminate   e  rubbish  f Toi Iho  g environmentally friendly  h kiwi fruit 8

3 came 4 were driving 5 were shopping 6 met 7 were talking 8 were doing 4 2 Because somebody had stolen it. 3 Because they had had the old one for

Students’ own answers

Listening  p24

15 years. 4 Because I’d never flown before. 5 Because it had snowed the night before. 6 Because she hadn’t studied much. 7 Because he had lost his passport. 8 Because he had spent it. 9 Because she hadn’t left on time.

Developing vocabulary  p21 1 1  b  2 h  3 g  4 f  5 d  6 e   7  a  8 c 2a 1  verb  2 noun  3 verb  4 noun   5  verb  6 noun 2b The stress in phrasal verbs is usually on the preposition. If they have a noun counterpart, however, the stress is usually on the first part.

Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills  pp22–23 1

2 1  F  2 C  3 E  4 A 3 Before you travel: 1  D  2  A  3  G When you’re there: 1  B  2  H  3  K   4  E  5  C  6  F  7  J  8  I 4 1  it depends – You need to check

laws about buying historic artefacts first.  2 bad  3 it depends – You can use it so long as you turn it off when you’re not in the room.  4 it depends – Ask permission before you take someone’s photograph.  5 good  6 it depends – If your destination is less than 500 km, use a train. If you need to fly, choose airlines that have energy-efficient planes.  7 bad

6

Students’ own answers

3

20 – 17 1522 – 1519 1870 –1872 engineer – businessman fast – took a long time just over two days – less than 32 hours

Could you tell me the time of the next train to Canterbury? … can you tell me which platform it is for the train to London? Pardon? Sorry, I didn’t catch that.

4 1 Could you tell me if it’s possible to pay by debit card? 2 Could you tell me what the cheapest fare is? 3 Could you tell me if it’s a direct train? 4 Could you tell me what time it is? 5 Could you tell me what time the train arrives?

5 Students’ own answers

6

Grammar in context  pp24–25

Students’ own answers

1a 1  b  2 c  3 a 1b

Developing writing  p27

They didn’t use to travel by horse across the US. Did they use to travel by horse across the US?

2

Suggested answers They didn’t use to play football. They didn’t use to ride motorbikes, they used to ride horses. They didn’t use to listen to MP3 players. They didn’t use to use tablets. They used to use pen and paper and books. They didn’t use to wear sunglasses, they used to wear hats. They didn’t use to eat take away pizza. They didn’t use to fly helicopters. They used to have hot air balloons.

Suggested answers Photo 2 because they are not damaging the environment – they’re on bicycles. Photo 4 because the girl is using a guidebook, which means she’s showing interest in the local culture and perhaps she’s learning some of the language.

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

2 1  used to  2 Did people use to  3 didn’t use to  4 used to  5 didn’t use to  6 Did people use to  7 used to  8 Did people use to  9 didn’t use to  10 used to 3 1  went  2 used to go  3 cycles   4  didn’t use to like  5 used to play   6  didn’t use to go 4

3 a  away  b off  c into  d down   e  out of  f on  g in  h off 4a and 4b

5

1 1  b  2 a  3 c  4 a 2

3

5 a  can  b can’t  c can  d can’t 6 1  would  2 would  3 no change   4  no change  5 would  6 no change 7a and 7b Students’ own answers

Developing speaking  p26 1 1 London  2  Oxford  3  22nd September   4   One adult  5  Single  6  Standard   7   £24.00 2 1  Canterbury  2 Today  3 3.55 pm   4  Change trains at London St Pancras   5  Return, coming back next Wednesday   6  £41  7 Debit card  8 Platform 9

1 Students’ own answers Students’ own answers

3 1 It was long. It took seven hours. They watched films and played video games. 2 It was his favourite attraction. They spent hours there on the rides. 3 It’s one of the biggest in the world. There was an aquarium. There was a spectacular show in the evening. 4 Dubai’s indoor snow park is enormous.

4 a  brilliant place  b long  c a great time   d  did like 5 1 What a busy city! 2 It was such a great flight. 3 We were so tired when we arrived. 4 I do love New York. 5 We did have a good time. 6 We were so happy to get back. 7 What a great holiday! 8 It’s such a fantastic place for shopping. 6 Students’ own answers

7

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 2 Grammar revision  p29 1 1  stopped  2 was waiting  3 put   4  got  5 were crying  6 were watching   7  dropped 2 1 By the time she arrived at their house, they had already left. 2 When he had finished using the computer, he switched it off.

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Student’s Book answer key 3 After they had bought their tickets, they went into the cinema. 4 As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.
 5 When we had eaten our meal, we paid the bill. 6 They went into the house after they had unlocked the door.

3 1  use  2 didn’t use to  3 usually   4  won  5 used to  6 used to/would   7  would take

Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

Listening  p31 6 7

Speaker 1  d  Speaker 2  a  Speaker 3  e   Speaker 4  c

Writing  p31

1 1 a type of transport that goes on the

8

road and takes a lot of people from one city to another 2 the place where you stand to catch a train 3 the situation when something happens later than planned 4 the money that you pay for a journey 5 a type of sea transport that takes people and cars on journeys that are not very long 6 a ticket for a journey where you go and come back to the same place as you started 7 when you arrive too late for a bus, train or other type of transport 8 when you stop something that was going to happen

2 1 motel  2 bed and breakfast 3 campsite  4 tent  5 caravan 6 (youth) hostel 3 1  in  2 off  3 in  4 into  5 down   6  away

Students’ own answers

Unit 3 Vocabulary  p32

Chris Hadfield is an astronaut. 1 Moscow – favourite city 2 Barbados – a scuba diving holiday with family 3 Tintagel – his favourite place in the British Isles, he did a trip there 4 Portugal – his best holiday 5 The Caribbean – the next holiday

5

Students’ own answers

6

growing = getting bigger urgent = is important and must happen quickly accommodate = to give someone a home, make space for someone increase in size = become larger nearby = close, not far away

7

Students’ own answers

past participle

3

Suggested answers kitchen, bedroom, study, lounge (or living room), bathroom, dining room, hall, garage, attic, office

5

1

industry is growing and people are moving to the cities to get jobs.  3 They live in large blocks of flats. That means the cities are very crowded.  4 They are building eco-cities.  5 They use solar power, they collect rainwater and the walls have green plants living on them which clean the air.

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Reading  p30

4 1  They live in the countryside.  2 Because

1 a semi-detached house b terraced house c detached house/bungalow d cottage 2

4

Gateway to exams: Units 1–2

Students’ own answers

4

Students’ own answers

Vocabulary revision  p29

2 1 T (lines 1–3) 2 T (line 8) 3 F (lines 19–21) 4 F (lines 26–27) 5 F (line 35) 6 F (lines 47–48) 7 T (lines 55–58) 8 F (lines 62–63) 3

Speaking  p31

Suggested answers a This is a city centre. You can see some very tall skyscrapers in the background. In the foreground you can see the town hall. b This is on the outskirts of the city but it doesn’t show the suburbs. You can see the port and some factories.

6 1  port  2 inner city  3 city centre   4  square  5 suburbs  6 outskirts 7a 1  historic  2 quiet  3 dirty  4 lively   5  busy  6 crowded 7b noisy, clean

8 1 a block of flats  2 a bungalow 3 the suburbs  4 the inner city/city centre

9 Students’ own answers

Reading  p33 1 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp34–35 1a 1 past simple (sentences 1, 4) 2 present perfect (sentences 2, 3) 1b 2 1  grew  2 has gone  3 has changed   4  built  5 has designed  6 has been   7  was  8 have visited  9 has reached   10  have built 3a 1 ever  2 just  3 already  4 never 5 for, since, for, since  6 yet 3b 1 already, ever, just, never  2 for, since 3 yet 4 2 ’ve never lived  3 ’s already visited 4 ’ve had, for  5 Has (it) just rained 6 ’ve loved, since  7 Have (you) ever lived

5 1  B  2 A  3 D  4 D  5 A  6 B   7  B  8 C  9 B  10 A

Developing vocabulary  p35 1 1  h  2 g  3 a  4 c  5 f  6 d  7 j   8  i  9 b  10 e 2 1 c  2 a/b  3 d  4 a/b 3 1  stunning  2 ancient  3 hot   4  packed  5 dirty  6 silent 4a We stress extreme adjectives more.

4b

2

Students’ own answers

The text is about megacities (very large cities) in China.

Students’ own answers

3 1  e  2 b  3 d  4 a  5 c

5a 5b

Students’ own answers

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Student’s Book answer key Gateway to life skills  pp36–37 1 1  –0.3 degrees Celsius  2 24.9 degrees Celsius  3 higher  4 by subway  5 yes 2 Students’ own answers

3 1  D  2 B  3 A  4 C 4 1  rising  2 a quarter  3 over   4  Approximately  5 slightly   6  stays the same  7 increased steadily 5a and 5b a 4 The average temperature stays

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp38–39 1a Present perfect continuous: 1, 4 Present perfect simple: 2, 3

1b 1  b  2 c  3 a  4 d 1c

approximately the same between July and August. b 2 Just over a third of New Yorkers use the subway. c 3 Under a quarter of New Yorkers travel to work by car. d 6 One in ten New Yorkers walk to work. e 1  About two thirds of people in New York don’t travel to work by subway. f 5 The number of tourists going to New York is rising. / The temperature in New York is rising.

5c Students’ own answers

6 1 Age 25–34, maybe because they use the technology more frequently. 2 55–64, maybe because they are older and they don’t know the technology. 3 women

7 Students’ own answers

8 1 F (About two thirds of users are between 13 and 34.) 2 T 3 F (Over a quarter ...) 4 F (... between the ages of 55 and 64) 5 T 6 T 7 F (... falls quite dramatically ...) 8 F (... slightly more women than men.)

9 Students’ own answers

Listening  p38 1 Suggested answers The photo shows a group of young people sitting around a table. Some of them are eating and drinking. In the foreground, there are two bowls of food. Everyone looks really happy. I think this might be lunchtime at college. They all look happy and as if they’re enjoying themselves.

2 1  Turkey  2 Salamanca, Spain   3  English and Spanish

3 a  October  b May  c famous  d lively   e  concerts  f different countries   g  typical dish  h physics  i exams 4

been + verb + -ing

2 1  She’s been running.  2 They’ve been shopping.  3 He’s been studying all night. / He’s been working on the computer.  4 She’s been decorating/ painting her house.  5 They’ve been playing tennis.

2 1  photo a  2 skyscrapers, busy, packed, dangerous, interesting, lively, noisy, dirty, crowded  3 He wouldn’t like to live there because he thinks big cities are too noisy, dirty and crowded.

3

In the photo I can see ... On the right ... In the background ... In the foreground ... In the middle ... In the top right corner of the photo ...

4 1 In the photo I can 2 right 3 background 4 bottom left 5 middle 5

Students’ own answers

3 1 I’ve cut my finger. (The action is very

6

short.) 2 Correct. (The emphasis is on the duration of the activity.) 3 Correct. (The emphasis is on an action finished very recently.) 4 She’s read this book three times. (The emphasis is on how many times the action happens.) 5 My brother has been painting his bedroom, but he hasn’t finished. (The emphasis is on an action that is incomplete.) 6 Correct (The emphasis is on the duration of the action.) 7 I’ve broken the window. (The emphasis is on the result of the action.) 8 Correct (The action is complete.)

Developing writing  p41

4 1 been singing 2 done 3 had 4 been looking 5 been doing 6 made 7 been working 8 been playing 5 a  have you been living  b ’ve been studying  c haven’t finished  d have you been studying  e ’ve been working   f  have you been living  g ’ve made   h  ’ve been living 6 Students’ own answers

Developing speaking  p40 1 Photo a: busy, crowded, noisy, dirty, inner city, town centre Photo b: historic, quiet, clean, terraced houses, village

Students’ own answers

1 1  T  2 T  3 T  4 T  5 T 2 Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

4 a  Hi  b name  c your last email   d  to hear from you  e they’ve   f  Thank you  g Oh  h !  i  way   j  back soon  k Love 5 Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 3 Grammar revision  p43 1 a ’ve lived  b for  c has changed d has got  e ’ve built  f started g haven’t finished  h yet  i just j wanted 2 1 Have (you) switched  2 ’ve been studying  3 ’ve been fixing  4 ’s broken 5 has been studying  6 ’ve been building   7  ’s made  8 Have (you) been waiting   9  ’ve been walking  10 ’ve finished

Vocabulary revision  p43 1 1 detached  2 cottage  3 town hall 4 port  5 inner city  6 suburbs 7 terraced  8 block of flats 2 1  crowded  2 dirty  3 historic   4  quiet  5 lively  6 busy

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Student’s Book answer key 3 1  beautiful  2 hot  3 dirty  4 bad   5  big  6 busy/crowded

nutrients = important food groups that make the body work well, found in fruit, vegetables and grain powder = light, dry substance, you can dissolve it in water benefits = advantages developing = improving; becoming more advanced or better fad = popular for a short period

Unit 4 Vocabulary  p44 1 chicken, cream, olive, pea, pie, rice, sweetcorn, tuna

6

2

Students’ own answers

Fruit: peach, plum Vegetables: carrot, lettuce, olive, pea, sweetcorn Meat/Fish/Seafood: chicken, lamb, prawn, tuna, turkey Dairy products: cream, semi-skimmed milk Sweets/Bakery products: pancake, pie Other: oil, rice

Grammar in context  pp46–47

3a

Suggested answers Photo a: dessert Photo b: main course, dish Photo c: starter, snack

3b

on the first syllable: except dessert (the stress is on the second syllable)

3c

Students’ own answers

3d

Students’ own answers

4 1  spicy  2 tasty  3 raw  4 healthy/ unhealthy  5 frozen  6 fried  7 boiled   8  baked  9 roast  10 fresh  11 fast   12  stale 5 Suggested answers healthy – semi-skimmed milk roast – chicken

6 1  fried  2 raw  3 spicy  4 fast/ unhealthy  5 stale  6 roast 7 Students’ own answers

1a 1  b  2 a  3 c  4 d 1b 1 will (sentence d) 2 will (sentence c) 3 the present simple (sentence a) 4 be going to (sentence b) 2 1 comes, will order  2 will call, finishes 3 will do, makes  4 go, will ... buy 5 come, will make  6 gets, will clean 7 have, will eat  8 won’t take, is 9 come, will make  10 boils, will add 3 Suggested answers 1 She’s going to cut herself. 2 He’s going to drop the plates. 3 His food is going to burn. 4 She’s going to catch a (lot of) fish.

4 Suggested answers It’s starting at 6 pm. The first speaker is talking about her new film. They are showing the preview at 7 pm. The second speaker is explaining his solution to the food crisis at 8 pm. They’re having a snack at 8.30 pm. At 9 pm, they’re holding the prize-giving ceremony. On Friday 12th at 7 pm, a programme about the talk is being shown on Channel 8.

5

Reading  p45

1b Correct  2a Correct  3a Correct   4a is correct because it’s a prediction based on evidence.  4b is correct because it’s a general prediction.  5a Correct  6a is correct because the present simple is used for timetables.  6b is correct because the present continuous is used for confirmed plans. There’s no difference in meaning between 6a and 6b.

1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3 1 T (lines 4–5) 2 T (lines 16–20) 3 F (lines 30–31) 4 T (lines 33–35) 5 T (lines 40–43) 6 T (lines 63–65) 7 F (lines 70–72) 8 F (lines 76–77) 4

6a and 6b

Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary  p47 1a 1  undercooked  2 recooked   3  precooked  4 overcooked 1b

Students’ own answers

Prefixes change the meaning of the word.

5

wasting = throwing something useful away when you could use it for something else

2 1  e  2  f  3  d  4  h  5  c  6  g  7  a  8  b 3 1  inter  2 re  3 mis  4 dis  5 over   6  under  7 co 4a 1  misunderstood  2 disadvantages   3  precooked/recooked  4 international 4b Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills  pp48–49 1 Students’ own answers

2 1  H  2 E  3 D  4 J  5 G  6 A  7 C   8  B  9 I  10 F 3 a 5 (… eating out is nearly always more expensive than eating at home.) b 8 (… make your friends happy and show them your skills …) c 4 (… give you a great sense of freedom.) d 7 (You can have a great time just by being imaginative and creative in the kitchen.) e 10 (Maybe you’ll become a professional chef, …) f 3 (… limit the amount of sugar and fat in each meal.) g 1 (… with just a few basic, natural ingredients you can make delicious meals …) h 9 (Cooking … can teach you about different countries …) i 2 (… when you cook dishes yourself, you know exactly what they contain, …) j 6 (Just increase the quantities and you’ll have enough to freeze and eat another day.)

4 Students’ own answers

5

Jasmine: special fried fish Ben: Italian salad

6

Suggested answers olive oil – oil is slippery when it’s on the floor, you could slip with a knife or hot food in your hands (Ben) apron and hair – hygiene, hair must be tied back or covered and wear an apron because it keeps you and food clean (Jasmine) jewellery – you can’t wash your hands and make them 100% clean if you are wearing jewellery (Jasmine) knife and chopping board – wash knife and chopping board after cutting meat, don’t cut salad in same place as meat, get food poisoning (Ben)

7

Students’ own answers

Listening  p50 1 Students’ own answers

2 1  d  2 c  3 a  4 b

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6 of 18

B1+

Student’s Book answer key 3 a 2  b 1  c 4  d 2  e 3  f 4   g  3  h 2 4

5 Classmate’s house: cheap, comfortable,

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

can have music and move about, but a house is small and it isn’t very special

3b

Grammar in context  pp50–51 1a 1  future perfect  2 future continuous   3  future continuous  4 future perfect 1b 1  future continuous  2 future perfect    3  by 1c 1 continuous, -ing 2 perfect, past participle 2a 1  will be having  2 won’t be driving   3  won’t be eating  4 will be working   5  will be speaking  6 will be doing   7  won’t be growing 2b Students’ own answers

3

Suggested answers 1 won’t have found 2 will have stopped 3 will have become 4 will have disappeared 5 will have landed 6 won’t have invented 7 will have got 8 will have changed

4 1  C  2 B  3 A 5

Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p53 1a Could you come a bit earlier? Are you doing anything then? (on Sunday) Write back to tell me if you can come or not.

1b

Students’ own answers

2

Reading  p56

Students’ own answers

3 1  f  2 d  3 c  4 e  5 b  6 a  7 g

4

Suggested answers Informal – The emails use contracted forms and informal expressions.

5

Suggested answers Invitations: Nina can make it, to see you, back Replies: Thanks, sorry, Would, looking forward

Students’ own answers

4b 1 will have got up  2 will be running 3 will be having  4 will have had 5 will be going  6 will have filmed 7 will have eaten  8 will be talking 4c

6a and 6b

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 4

Students’ own answers

5

Grammar revision  p55

Students’ own answers

6a and 6b

Students’ own answers

Developing speaking  p52 1 Students’ own answers

2

Which of these five places do you think is the best place for your end-of-term meal? the outdoor picnic area

3a 2 School canteen: we eat there every day, we should choose somewhere we don’t usually go 3 Outdoor picnic area: good idea – could go to park or somewhere special, picnics aren’t expensive, easy for a larger group 4 Exclusive restaurant: food and service are good, but they’re expensive, most people won’t want to spend a lot of money on the meal

1 1  lettuce (vegetable)  2 turkey (meat)   3  carrot (vegetable)  4 plum (fruit)   5  cream (dairy product)  6 prawn (fish/seafood)  7 pancake (sweet) 2 1  fresh  2 stale  3 fried  4 boiled   5  spicy  6 raw 3 1 dis, ‘the opposite’ 2 re, ‘again’ 3 co, ‘with’ 4 under, ‘not enough’ 5 inter, ‘between’ 6 mis, ‘wrong’ 7 over, ‘too much’

Suggested answers Say ‘Hi!’ Say how he is. Can he bring his MP3 player? Can he come earlier – what time? Can he help? Yes or no? Is he free on Sunday? Say something nice about the party.

3

4a

Vocabulary revision  p55

1 a  does (your train) leave  b arrive   c  will look  d Will (you) remember   e  get  f ’ll call 2 1 ’m having, ’ll call  2 going to rain 3 will get  4 will be  5 will win   6  ’m going 3 1 I will have done my homework 2 she will be studying English 3 I will be sleeping 4 I will have left the dentist 5 we will have given him the money 6 I will be running 7 he will have read the book

Gateway to exams: Units 3–4 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

Speaking  p56 4 Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

Use of English  p57 6 Students’ own answers

7 1  C  2 A  3 B  4 C  5 A  6 B   7  C  8 A

Writing  p57 8 Students’ own answers

Unit 5 Vocabulary  p58 1 Nursery: music Primary: maths, PE (physical education) Secondary: chemistry, drama, geography, history, literature, physics University: business studies, computer science, engineering, law, media studies, medicine, psychology

2a

architecture, biology, business studies, chemistry, computer science, drama, engineering, English, geography, history, literature, media studies, medicine, music, physical education, physics, psychology

2b

Students’ own answers

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7 of 18

B1+

Student’s Book answer key 3 1  drama  2 chemistry  3 biology   4  maths 4 Students’ own answers

5 1  essay  2 mark/grade  3 resit   4  timetable  5 scholarship  6 fail   7  terms  8 coursework  9 assignment   10  assessment 6a and 6b Students’ own answers

Reading  p59 1

3 1  shouldn’t study all night  2 had better look for a job there  3 ought to use a dictionary  4 should walk to school   5  had better/should get ready to go   6  shouldn’t go out without an umbrella   7  ought to rest and have a coffee 4 Students’ own answers

5 a  have to  b should  c shouldn’t   d  have to  e don’t have to  f ought   g  had 6a Students’ own answers

6b

How growing plants in the classroom has changed students’ lives.

Students’ own answers

2

Developing vocabulary  p61

Students’ own answers

1

3 1 They were surprised and excited. 2 They wanted to do something to

people

improve the area where they lived. 3 They created an edible indoor wall. 4 Attendance improved. It went up from around 40% to 93% because students felt responsible for the plants. 5 As they started to grow their own vegetables, they became more interested in following a healthy diet instead of eating fast food. 6 He believes young people ought to start learning about healthy diets as early as possible so that they don’t pick up bad habits which are difficult to change. 7 They have learnt about responsibility. They have also learnt that they need to eat well to stay healthy and that you don’t have to be a farmer in the country to grow plants.

4

2 1 professor  2 instructor  3 employer 4 technician  5 journalist  6 trainee 3a director, employee, farmer, instructor, scientist, technician, electrician, employer, journalist, librarian, photographer, physicist, professor, trainee -ee (employee, trainee) is the only noun suffix we stress

3b

Students’ own answers

4

5

Gateway to life skills  pp62–63

5

bulbs = small round plant seeds that grow into flowers neighbourhood = the area where you live spots = places or areas edible = can be eaten pick up = learn

6

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp60–61 1a 1 must, have to  2 don’t have to 3 mustn’t, can’t  4 should, ought to, had better  5 can 1b 1  T  2 T  3 F  4 T 2a 1  have to be  2 have to go  3 can’t vote   4  don’t have to be  5 must be   6  can’t change  7 have to be 2b

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

7a 1  b  2 a  3 d  4 c 7b

Suggested answers 1 an encyclopaedia that is written by experts 2 as an example to show that copying it doesn’t mean you understand it 3 It is plagiarism and it’s stealing unless you write whose words they are. 4 Teachers can detect plagiarism by the ideas, the writing style and they also use special online services to see where the material comes from.

Listening  p64 1a Students’ own answers

1b a  break dance/street dance  b quidditch   c  cookery  d capoeira 2 1  d capoiera  2 b quidditch   3 a dance   4  c cookery 3 a  dance  b Thursdays  c timetable (yet)   d  football pitch  e run  f relax   g  biggest  h Beginners  i modern   j  street  k can’t  l eat out  m together (afterwards)

wildlife photographer company director university professor computer technician driving instructor Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

5

1 Students’ own answers

2 1 It means thoughtful, asking questions, and not just believing everything we read or hear immediately. 2 Because anybody can put anything on the Internet, just because it is there it doesn’t mean it is true. 3 It can show you the country the website originated from, and whether it is a government agency, a charity or non-profit organisation, an academic institution, or a commercial organisation or a company.

3 Students’ own answers

4 1  T  2 F (you should check the information using a different source)  3 T  4 T  5 T   6  F (you should always look for the contact

4

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp64–65 1a 1  second conditional  2 first conditional   3  second conditional  4 zero conditional 1b 1  S  2 F  3 Z  4 F  5 Z  6 S   7  A  8 S 2 1  doesn’t come, ’ll ring  2 don’t go, calls   3  is, ’ll lend  4 have , ’ll go   5  don’t get, fail  6 arrive, will get 3 a  would you do  b were  c would spend   d  did  e would get  f didn’t go   g  would have 4 a  don’t like  b limits  c were   d  would play  e don’t have  f are   g  weren’t/wasn’t  h would think  i were   j  wouldn’t cost  k show   l pay  m visit   n  ‘ll be able to  o have  p ’ll talk 5a and 5b Students’ own answers

6a and 6b

Students’ own answers

details for the website creator)

Students’ own answers

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8 of 18

B1+

Student’s Book answer key Developing speaking  p66

3 1 ’d tell  2 will buy  3 would … say 4 give  5 asked  6 were/was 7 don’t go  8 had

Reading  p71

a bad idea

Vocabulary revision  p69

I’m going to talk about … I’d like to begin by saying … Firstly, First of all, Secondly, Another thing is that … It’s also true that … What’s more, For example, For instance, Take … To sum up, The point (that) I’m trying to make is …

1 1  physics  2 medicine  3 media studies   4  architecture  5 law  6 engineering   7  drama 2

from copper pipes. 3 Smaller because we begin with small numbers to the left. 4 Cows with names because they feel more relaxed.

1 Students’ own answers

2 3

Suggested answers 1 a way to see your progress like an exam 2 money for being a very good student in order to go to a good school 3 when you don’t pass 4 when you have to do an exam again 5 a piece of coursework, or homework, such as a project 6 a plan showing the times and days of each lesson at school 7 the percentage or number you get for a test or an assignment, showing how good you are

4 1  d  2 e  3 b  4 g  5 f  6 a  7 c 5a and 5b Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p67 1 a special interest in British history, would like to study in England, must have good grades, be active in extracurricular activities such as sports and debating, have an interest in travel

2

He is a good candidate because: his best subjects are English and history, he wants to study in the UK and find out more about the country, his grades have been very good, he loves sports – especially football: he is captain of his school football team, he organises social activities to raise money for the team

3 a  Sir  b Madam  c faithfully   d  contractions  e I would be very grateful to receive the chance ...  f look forward 4a, 4b and 4c Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 5 Grammar revision  p69 1 1 I can’t go to the match. 2 Students don’t have to wear a uniform. 3 You mustn’t make a loud noise. 4 You have to/must write your name here. 5 You can’t/mustn’t copy in exams. 6 I must/have to leave now. 7 My little brother can ride his bike alone. 2 1 They shouldn’t go out at the weekend. 2 You had better walk to school. 3 I think you ought to go to the dentist. 4 (correct) 5 (correct)

3 1 scientist  2 instructor  3 technician 4 employee  5 employer  6 librarian

Unit 6 Vocabulary  p70 1a and 1b

1 1 You stop talking. 2 If you wash your hair with hot water

2 Students’ own answers

3 1  A  2 D  3 B  4 C  5 F  6 A   7  D  8 E 4 Students’ own answers

5

aware of = know about journal = a special magazine with articles from experts turned = changed, became copper = type of metal that has an orange colour but goes green with heat or oxygen analysed = studied to find out what is in it taps = the way water comes into the home from outside reacting with = changing when it touches a substance

6

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp72–73

Students’ own answers

1a

Students’ own answers

1b 1  action  2 isn’t  3 don’t always know 1c 1 present simple, past simple, future (will),

2 3

Students’ own answers

4 a  select a programme  b connect X to Y   c  press a button  d charge/recharge (a battery)  e switch/turn on/off  f plug in   g  insert  h tap (the screen) 5 Students’ own answers

6 1 vacuum cleaner  2 mobile phone 3 dishwasher 7a Suggested answers 1 Firstly, press power to switch it on. Then press open. Wait for the tray to come out. Put the CD in the tray. Press close. Wait for the tray to go in. Press play. 2 First of all, press the button to open the microwave door. Then, put the food in the microwave. Close the door. Select a programme (for example: full power) and the time and press start. Lastly, take the food out of the microwave. 3 Plug in the lead to charge the mobile phone. Turn the mobile on. Select ‘camera’. Take a photo. Connect the mobile phone to the computer and download the photo.

7b

Sentence  3 (past simple, active)

present continuous, present perfect 2 the verb to be 3 by

2a 1 The gadget was invented last year. 2 The new phones are sold here. 3 Ten prizes were given. 4 The disc was inserted. 5 Emails are sent every day. 2b The verb to be is not stressed, the words can’t be heard clearly.

2c

Students’ own answers

3 2 have (present perfect) 3 will (future will) 4 were (past simple) 5 are (present simple) 6 watched (past simple) 7 was (past simple) 4 1 Dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel in 1867. 2 The first Nobel prizes were given in 1901.

Students’ own answers

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9 of 18

B1+

Student’s Book answer key 3 The first electric-powered washing machine was produced by the Hurley Machine Company of Chicago in 1908. 4 This invention has been used since 1908. 5 This invention is being used right now. 6 Perhaps electricity won’t be used in the future. 7 The first photo was taken by Joseph Niépce in 1826. 8 A lot of photos are taken on holidays.

5a 1 prizes for an award ceremony, what/who

4 1 We’re having the kitchen painted on

should the prizes be for, what the prizes could be, how should the ceremony be 2 yes

Saturday. 2 My sister is going to have her car serviced next week. 3 She has her mobile phone bills paid by her parents. 4 My friend had a swimming pool built in her/his garden last summer. 5 We had our computer fixed last week. 6 He had the operating system reinstalled on his computer. 7 I had my files rescued by a computer specialist.

5b Suggested answers They listened to everybody. They didn’t criticize. They wrote everything down. They developed their ideas at the end.

5 1  are built  2 gave  3 have been won   4  was made  5 discovered  6 is being watched  7 will be spent  8 has created 6 a  are found  b are being used  c put   d  were invented  e made   f  was introduced  g have been sold   h  designed  i was inspired  j will be 7a 1 Germany 2 Suzanne Collins 3 Queen 7b and 7c

6a

Students’ own answers

6b

Suggested answers Student A: a prize for each subject, one overall prize to the best boy or girl in the class, prizes for sports, music and art, prize for other things people do at school not just academic work, prize for student who tries the hardest, prize for the best teacher Student B: like an Oscar, book or e-reader, money, MP3 player Student C: like the Oscar ceremony, get a famous actor or TV presenter to present and give prizes, have a red carpet, a photographer, post photos on school website, get the local newspaper to cover the story

Developing vocabulary  p73

Students’ own answers

1

Listening  p76

aware of, interested in, ready for

1

2 1  b/d  2 a/e  3 f  4 a  5 a  6 b   7c  8 c/g  9 e/f 3 1  at  2 in  3 of  4 of  5 with  6 for   7  of  8 to, from  9 about  10 for   11  with/of 4

Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3 1  c  2 b  3 c  4 a  5 c  6 c 4 Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp76–77

Gateway to life skills  pp74–75

1a In all three sentences, somebody/ something else does the action.

1a Suggested answers A brick: to keep a door open, to hold books in place on a shelf, to stop papers blowing away A coffee mug: for holding pencils and pens, as a vase, for storing safety pins

1b

Students’ own answers

2 1  C  2 A  3 D  4 B 3 1  F  2 F  3 T  4 F 4 1 The secretary makes notes of all the ideas. 2 They should not laugh at anybody or criticise anybody for their ideas. 3 All the ideas are written down. 4 The group evaluates the ideas they have collected. 5 It’s different because you decide which ideas are good and bad, reject some and develop others.

5a and 5b Students’ own answers

6 1  b (gerund)  2 f (infinitive)  3 a (gerund)   4  c (gerund)  5 e (infinitive)  6 d (gerund) 7 1  cycling  2 learning  3 reading   4  playing  5 to learn  6 to get 8 Students’ own answers

Developing speaking  p78 1 Students’ own answers

2

The second lesson because it’s more exciting to do things than listen.

3 1  Both  2 whereas  3 difference   4  similarity 4 Comparing: Both of the photos show, One other similarity between the photos is that Contrasting: whereas in the second photo, Another important difference between the photos is that

5a and 5b

1b 1 the object of the sentence (i.e. the noun) 2 past participle 3 Yes – in sentence 1 have is in the present

Students’ own answers

simple, in 2 have is in past simple and in 3 get is in the future with will 4 by introduces the agent

2

2 b He had his car fixed. c She had her eyes tested. d She had her bedroom painted. e She had a dress made. f He had a pizza delivered. 3 1 How often do you get your hair cut? 2 Can you fix your computer yourself? 3 Have you ever had a pizza delivered to your house? 4 When was the last time you had your eyes tested? 5 Do you like having your photo taken? 6 Have you ever had clothes made for you?

Developing writing  p79 1 Students’ own answers Students’ own answers

3

Paragraph 1: Introduction – state the topic of the essay Paragraph 2: Arguments for/Advantages – justifications and reasons Paragraph 3: Arguments against/ Disadvantages – justifications and reasons Paragraph 4: Conclusion – gives the writer’s opinion

4 a  Secondly,  b Furthermore,   c  What’s more,  d However,   e  To sum up, 5a and 5b Students’ own answers

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10 of 18

B1+

Student’s Book answer key Language checkpoint: Unit 6

Vocabulary  p84

Grammar revision  p81 1 1  were stolen  2 is taught  3 is visited   4  will be built  5 was invented   6  will be played  7 has been translated   8  is spoken 2 1 She had it decorated by professionals.   2 He will have it fixed at a garage.   3 She has it done at the hairdresser’s.   4 We had it painted.   5 They had it built by an expert.   6 He had it translated by a friend.   7 They haven’t had it tested by an optician. 3 1  listening  2 to read  3 to see   4  watching  5 Fixing 1 1  dishwasher (H)  2 headphones (P)   3  vacuum cleaner (H)  4 washing machine (H)  5 MP3 player (P)   6  microwave oven (H)  7 remote control (P)

2 a  plug … in  b turn … on  c insert   d  select  e press  f switch … off 3 1  with  2 about  3 to  4 of  5 of   6  for  7 at

Speaking  p82 3 Students’ own answers

Listening  p82 4 1  b  2 a  3 a  4 a  5 c 5 Students’ own answers

Writing  p83 6 Students’ own answers

7

Students’ own answers

football, ice hockey, rugby, volleyball 2 individual sports: athletics, climbing, cycling, diving, golf, gymnastics, horseriding, ice-skating, sailing, skiing, snowboarding, swimming, tennis, weightlifting 3 ball sports: baseball, basketball, football, golf, rugby, tennis, volleyball 4 water sports: sailing, swimming 5 winter sports: ice hockey, ice-skating, skiing, snowboarding 6 combat sports: judo, karate 7 indoor sports: gymnastics, ice hockey, judo, karate, weightlifting

2a

2b

Students’ own answers

3 1  pool  2 gym  3 slope  4 court   5  pitch  6 rink  7 track  8 course 4

Gateway to exams: Units 5–6 1 A  3  B 1  C 2  D 4 2 1  C  2 D  3 A  4 B  5 D  6 C   7  A  8 B

1 1 team sports: baseball, basketball,

O golf Oo baseball, climbing, cycling, diving, football, judo, rugby, sailing, skiing, swimming, tennis Ooo basketball, horse-riding, ice hockey, ice-skating, snowboarding, volleyball, weightlifting oOo athletics, gymnastics, karate

Vocabulary revision  p81

Reading  p82

Unit 7

ball, net, racket, trainers

5

Suggested answers You need a ball to play baseball, basketball, football, golf, rugby, tennis, volleyball … You need a bat to play baseball, table tennis … You need boots to go skiing, play football … You need a club to play golf … You need a goal to play football, ice hockey … You need goggles to go swimming, play water polo, go diving … You need a net to play tennis, table tennis, volleyball … You need a racket to play tennis … You need skates to go ice-skating, rollerblading, skating … You need skis to go skiing … You need trainers to do athletics, play tennis, volleyball …

6

bounce – basketball, catch – baseball, head – football, hit – baseball, kick – football, pass – rugby, throw – athletics

7 1  beat  2 won  3 both  4 drew   5  scored  6 point

8 1  volleyball  2 ice hockey  3 football   4  diving 9 Students’ own answers

Reading  p85 1 Suggested answers A belief that certain things that you do, or that happen to you, will bring good or bad luck.

2

Laurent Blanc: France, kissed the goalkeeper’s head at the start of every match Pelé: Brazil, needed a lucky shirt Kolo Touré: Ivory Coast, had to arrive last on the pitch Pepe Reina: Spain, always fills car with petrol on the way to each match, eats the same kind of sandwich the night before a match, touches the pitch, goal posts and crossbar after warming up Kim Little: Scotland, always puts her left sock and boot on before her right

3 1  F (lines 8–10)  2 T (lines 14–22)   3  F (lines 41–44)  4 F (lines 54–55)   5  F (lines 65–67)  6 F (lines 71–73) 4 Students’ own answers

5

changing room = the place where players put on or take off their sports clothes irrational = without logic or reason hosted = received or managed something gave away = offered to someone for free teammates = other players in the same team refused = said no, did not agree crossbar = the metal pole across the top of the goal post

Grammar in context  pp86–87 1a 1  who, that  2 that, which  3 whose   4  where  5 when 1b 1 The purpose of a defining relative clause is to define clearly who or what we are talking about. Without this information, it would be difficult to know who or what is meant. 2 The relative pronoun can be omitted when it is the object of the clause.

2 1 which/– 2 where 3 who 4 whose 5 when 6 who/that 7 which 3 a  that/which  b whose  c but  d to   e  which  f the  g where  h whose

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11 of 18

B1+

Student’s Book answer key 4 1 d The winner in a gymnastics

3 Students’ own answers

competition is the person whose mark is the highest. 2 g A referee is the person whose job is to control football matches. 3 e 2024 is a year when there will be the Olympic Games. 4 h A dojo is the place where you do judo. 5 f Time out is a moment in a basketball match when the players stop playing. 6 a A black belt is a thing you get when you are really good at judo or karate. 7 b In football, goalkeepers are often the players whose shirt has a number 1  on the back. 8 c The puck is the thing –/that/which you hit in an ice hockey match.

5 Suggested answers 2 A net is something which marks the middle of the court in tennis. 3 Wimbledon is a place where you can watch a famous tennis tournament. 4 Summer is the season when you do athletics at school. 5 PE is a subject which you study at school. 6 The ice rink is a place where you can skate or place ice hockey. 7 Swimming is an activity which you can do in a pool or in the sea. 8 2014 was the year when the Winter Olympics were in Russia.

6a 1  instructor  2 campsite  3 check in 6b Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary  p87 1 1  e  2 a  3 g  4 d  5 b  6 c  7 f 2 1 take up 2 knocked (us) out 3 join in 4 gives in 5 go for 6 warm up 7 work out 3 1 work 2 join 3 go, give 4 knocked 5 warm 6 take

Gateway to life skills  pp88–89 1a and 1b Students’ own answers

2 1  d  2 a  3 e  4 c  5 b

4 Things we can change: 1 B stop smoking 2 C eat the right foods and relax; reduce our salt intake 3 D lose weight 4 G do more exercise 5 H eat the right foods with low cholesterol 6 I try to rest and relax

Things we can’t change: 1 A family history 2 E Gender 3 F Age 5 and 6 Your heart rate: how many times your heart beats per minute Beats per minute: BPM – the number of times your heart beats in one minute A heart-rate monitor: a device with sensors which measures your heart rate electronically The radial artery: the artery on the inside of the wrist where you can see a heartbeat The carotid artery: the artery on the side of your neck

2 2 who is a Formula 1 world champion 3 whose brother Jamie also plays tennis 4 when Liverpool won the Champions League 5 where two different teams play 6 whose grandmother is Queen Elizabeth II

3 1  D  2 B  3 D  4 A  5 B  6 B  7 B   8  C  9 D  10 B 4 3 Petra Kvitová, who is from the Czech Republic, is a great tennis player. 4 The athlete who broke the world record won the race. 5 Last Saturday, when my team won the final, was great. 6 Anna, whose mum is a PE teacher, is good at lots of sports. 7 The swimming pool where I go at the weekend is great.

5a and 5b Students’ own answers

Developing speaking  p92 1 Students’ own answers

2

7 1 You take your pulse when you have

Students’ own answers

been resting for 15 minutes. 2 You do moderate to high intensity activity like running or cycling or playing a competitive sport for a short while. You stop and take your pulse immediately then wait 60 seconds and take it again. The second number minus the first gives you your recovery heart rate. 3 Your recovery heart rate tells you how fit you are.

Students’ own answers

Listening  p90 1 and 2 1  T  2 F  3 T  4 F  5 T  6 T   7  F  8 T 3 1  He had 14 days.  2 Because of the cold winters in Massachusetts.  3 They didn’t have holes in the bottom so they had to stop the game each time someone scored.   4  A game lasted 35 minutes.  5 It was played at universities.  6 To invent a sport that people would enjoy, and above all to keep people fit and healthy.

4

Students’ own answers

3 4

but

5

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

7a, 7b and 7c

Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p93 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3a a  Personally,  b convinced  c see   d  view  e far 3b Personally, I think I’m convinced that As I see it My view is (that)/It is my view (that) As far as I’m concerned

4

Grammar in context  pp90–91

Paragraph 1 b  Paragraph 2 a Paragraph 3 d  Paragraph 4 c

1 1 sentences a, d, e, f 2 non-defining clauses 3 No, we can’t. 4 a comma

Suggested answers 1 By asking questions. 2 By encouraging the reader to try some sports.

5

6 Students’ own answers

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12 of 18

B1+

Student’s Book answer key Language checkpoint: Unit 7 Grammar revision  p95 1 1  –  2 whose  3 who  4 when  5 –   6  where 2 1 The driver, whose car wasn’t very fast, never won a race. 2 This sport, which was invented two years ago, is becoming very popular. 3 correct 4 That house, which I lived in when I was small, now belongs to my uncle. 5 correct 6 My neighbours, who are really nice, have got a big garden.

3 Students’ own answers

1 Students’ own answers

2

Article 1 – photo 2  Article 3 – photo 1

3

Students’ own answers

4 1  b  2 b  3 c  4 a  5 a  6 b 5

fascinating = extremely interesting, makes you want to know more blends into = becomes a part of something so that it doesn’t show passers-by = people walking past in the street airtight = does not allow air in or out gigs = live concerts usually with a band playing accurate = with the correct information and detail

7

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp98–99

Unit 8 Vocabulary  p96 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3

Art: drawing, sketch, self-portrait, still life, abstract painting, exhibition, gallery, masterpieces, sculptures, landscapes Theatre: lighting, performance, play, stage, scene, main character Music: lighting, tune, lyrics, performance, stage, orchestra, concert

6 1 an orchestra 2 one musician (guitarist) 3 an audience (clapping) 4 an actor performing

Reading  p97

6

1 1  golf  2 tennis  3 gymnastics   4  football  5 ice hockey   6  snowboarding  7 athletics 2 1  bat  2 boots  3 goggles  4 club   5  draw  6 beat  7 nil 3 1 warm up – c 2 knock out – b 3 join in – a 4 give in – d 5 go for – f 6 take up – e

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Vocabulary revision  p95

4 1  actor  2 musician  3 conductor   4  director  5 performer   6  vocalist, guitarist, drummer   7  composer  8 singer-songwriter   9  artist, painter, sculptor 5

5 a conductor 6 a band on stage 7 a sculptor 8 a portrait painter 9 the cast of a play 1  0 a composer 7

5 ‘The actress is making a new film next month.’ 6 ‘The exhibition is going to be a great success.’ 7 ‘They took/have taken away my paper.’

6 1 Banksy said that people either loved him, or they hated him, or they didn’t really care. 2 James Dean said that being an actor was the loneliest thing in the world. 3 Sylvia Plath said she wrote only because there was a voice within her that would not be still. 4 Andy Warhol said that in the future everyone would be world-famous for 15 minutes. 5 Oscar Wilde said that he was so clever that sometimes he didn’t understand a single word of what he was saying. 6 Van Gogh said the only time he felt alive was when he was painting. 7 Damien Hirst said he had wanted to be stopped, but no one would stop him. 8 Sir Ian McKellen said that he was only an actor and that all he had ever done was learn the lines and say them.

7a and 7b Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary  p99 1 1 Amazing (i.e. adjectives ending in -ing) describes why someone feels this way. 2 Amazed (i.e. adjectives ending in -ed) describes how someone feels.

2

1a 1  c  2 g  3 b  4 d  5 a  6 e  7 f 1b 1  Pronouns  2 change  3 don’t need   4  need  5 don’t always need 2 2 present continuous – past continuous 3 present perfect – past perfect 4 past simple – past perfect 5 will – would 6 can – could 7 may – might 8 must/have to – had to 3 1  that  2 here  3 today  4 the day before  5 tomorrow  6 that night   7  the following (week/month/year)   8  the previous (week/month/year)   9  a (week/month/year) ago 4 1  –  2 reporters  3 told  4 said  5 –   6  said  7 me 5 2 ‘I’m going to play a concert on the moon.’ 3 ‘I’ve just finished a new picture of New

Positive (+): amazed, excited, fascinated, inspired, interested, relaxed, surprised (can also be negative) Negative (–): bored, confused, depressed, disappointed, disgusted, embarrassed, frightened, tired, uninspired, worried

York.’ 4 ‘I hope you won’t let the band out of the box.’

Students’ own answers

3a

disappointed, disgusted, excited, fascinated, interested

3b

the letter ‘t’

3c

Students’ own answers

4 1  inspired  2 disgusting  3 tiring   4  confused  5 boring  6 embarrassed   7  disappointing  8 excited 5a, 5b and 5c Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills  pp100–101 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3

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13 of 18

B1+

Student’s Book answer key 4

2

4 She said that when she had finished she

Olivia: painting 3   Jack: painting 2   Luke: painting 1

Suggested answers a The picture shows a group of children at an art exhibition. There is a guide next to the paintings. b A group of young people are in the audience in a theatre or cinema. They are clapping and looking happy. c An orchestra with a conductor on a stage. d A girl is taking a photo of two friends in Paris. The Eiffel Tower is behind her.

would choose the actors herself. 5 She told me she was inspired by a trip to California the previous year. 6 She said she might go to the US again the following year. 7 She said she had to go then because her manager was waiting for her.

5 1 Jack  2 Luke  3 Olivia  4 Jack 5 Olivia  6 Luke  7 Olivia  2 Jack   9  Luke 6a and 6b Students’ own answers

Listening  p102 1

3

Students’ own answers

Pictures b and c

2

4

Students’ own answers

3 1  c  2 a  3 c  4 a  5 b  6 b 4 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp102–103 1 1  T  2 T  3 T  4 F  5 T 2 1  where he was  2 if  3 he had   4  he worked  5 had  6 he would do 3 1  She asked him if he (had) liked the exhibition.  2 She wanted to know who his favourite artist was.  3 She asked him if he often visited galleries.  4 She

5

At first (×3), Next, Then, Later, Later on, After about half an hour, After a minute or two, Finally, In the end (×2)

6

asked him if he would recommend the exhibition to other people.  5 She wanted to know why he had decided to see the exhibition.  6 She wanted to know if he was going to buy anything in the shop.  7 She asked him if he had ever bought an original painting.

4a, 4b and 4c

5 1 The most common verbs are ask and tell. Ask is a request and tell is an order. 2 We use to + infinitive in the reported command (i.e. the imperative changes to the infinitive). 3 Not comes before to + infinitive, i.e. not to do.

6 1 The teacher told the class to pay attention. 2 The man at the entrance asked them to give him their tickets. 3 His mum told him not to shout. 4 The guide asked the visitors not to take photos inside the museum. 5 His dad told him not to come home late. 6 The art teacher told Jake to use a bigger brush. 7 The teacher asked the students to write a description of the painting for homework. Students’ own answers

Developing speaking  p104 1 Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

7a and 7b

Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p105 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

7

Suggested answers Where we went: to see a play in English with English teacher What happened at first: the play was quite boring, but after about half an hour, two musicians came on stage Something special that happened: went up on the stage to sing, everyone clapped and kept asking for more songs How I felt and why: frightened because it was embarrassing; nervous then more relaxed; enjoyed myself

The writer liked the plot, but generally he/ she loved everything about the film – an inspiring film, with great characters and excellent actors. The writer recommends the film to people who like emotional stories about characters you care for.

3 1  c  2 b  3 d  4 a 4 1 present simple tense  2 no 3 no  4 yes 5 1  b  2 c  3 a  4 d 6 Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 8 Grammar revision  p107 1 1 She said she was happy to be there that day. 2 She told me she was writing a play. 3 She said she had never written a play before.

2 1 ‘What are you doing here?’ 2 ‘When did you arrive?’ 3 ‘Do you know what the answer is?’ 4 ‘Have you ever written a poem?’ 5 ‘What will you do with the money?’ 6 ‘How many pages has the book got/ does the book have?’ 7 ‘Is that bag yours?’

3 1 ‘Get out of the car!’ 2 ‘Don’t panic!’ 3 ‘Do the exercise carefully!’ 4 ‘Please don’t sing that song!’ 5 ‘Get ready!’ 6 ‘Don’t interrupt me!’ 7 ‘Give me the bag, please!’

Vocabulary revision  p107 1 1  conductor  2 drummer   3  singer-songwriter  4 composer   5  sculptor  6 vocalist 2 1 the countryside 2 we sing 3 perform in a play or a film 4 is drawn quickly in pencil 5 the people who watch a play or a concert 6 a person 7 actors or bands perform 3 1  tired  2 embarrassing  3 confused   4  disappointing  5 surprised   6  disgusting

Gateway to exams: Units 7–8 Use of English  p108 1 Students’ own answers

2a

The sport is Chess Boxing. The rules are: there is a round of chess, then boxing, then more chess and more boxing. The winner is the person who gets checkmate or knocks out their opponent first.

2b a  by  b whose  c who  d is  e the   f  out  g where  h and  i is  j up   k  them  l to 3 Students’ own answers

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14 of 18

B1+

Student’s Book answer key Listening  p108

4 Suggested answers democracy – Sweden republic – Republic of Ireland monarchy – Saudi Arabia constitutional monarchy – The United Kingdom

4 Suggested answers The photo shows a woman running down a corridor. She is wearing running clothes (trainers and a tracksuit), but the place looks like a public building, perhaps a museum or art gallery.

5

The two people are in an art gallery watching a work of art by the artist Martin Creed where runners run, as fast as possible, from one end of the gallery to the other.

6 1  T  2 T  3 F  4 T  5 F  6 T   7  F  8 F 7

5 1  general elections  2 member   3  political parties  4 run  5 laws   6  policies  7 vote  8 campaigns 6 Students’ own answers

Reading  p111 1 Students’ own answers

Suggested answers I think it gets people talking about what art is. I think it’s a publicity stunt for a sports clothes company. I think it’s a very interesting idea and you are free to think what you want.

2

Speaking  p109

Suggested answers 1 Elizabeth 1 was born in 1533 and died in 1603. She reigned for almost fifty years. During the time her government was stable and England became an international power. 2 So that they formed links with other nations. 3 Elizabeth was staying at a house called Over Court in Bisley to avoid the plague. 4 Henry did not visit his daughter often and Elizabeth was quiet and uncomfortable in front of her father. 5 A boy from the village of Bisley took Elizabeth’s place because Elizabeth had died after falling ill. There was only one boy with red hair, so they dressed him up as a girl and lied. 6 Because perhaps they were literally true. 7 She always wore a lot of make-up and wigs. 8 A coffin was found in Bisley. Inside it there was a young girl dressed in very fine clothes. Nobody in the village could have had such fine clothes, only a princess.

There is a conspiracy theory that Elizabeth I was really a boy from the village of Bisley. The real Elizabeth died unexpectedly and they were too afraid to tell the king so they used the boy from Bisley to pretend to be her.

3

8 1 Past continuous – describes a past action in progress. 2 Past perfect – expresses an action in the past before another action in the past. 3 Past simple – expresses the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.

9 Students’ own answers

10

Students’ own answers

Writing  p109 11 Students’ own answers

12

Students’ own answers

Unit 9 Vocabulary  p110 1 a  currency  b flag  c royal family   d  capital city  e national anthem   f  prime minister/president 2

4

Suggested answers The capital city of the US is Washington DC (though each state also has its own capital). The currency of the United States is the dollar. The flag of the United States is red, white and blue. The US national anthem is ‘The StarSpangled Banner’. The president in 2015 was Barack Obama.

3 1 republic  2 democracy  3 monarchy 4 constitutional monarchy

Suggested answers Conspiracy theories exist to explain strange behaviour. There are lots of conspiracy theories because they are exciting and interesting and in history we never really know the whole truth.

5

reigned = ruled/was the leader of the country in the position of queen or king stable = stays the same and doesn’t change the plague = a dangerous illness like the flu which is very catching skin = the covering on your body speech = important words said at an important moment

wigs = pretend hair, you put it on your head to cover baldness coffin = wooden box for dead bodies that is used for burying the body

6

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp112–113 1 a  must  b can’t  c might/may/ could  d infinitive without to 2 Country 1 1  can’t  2 might  3 must Country 2 1  could  2 may  3 must 3 Flag 1 1  may/might  2 can’t  3 must Flag 2 1 can’t 2 may/might/could, may/might/could 3 must 4 Students’ own answers

5 a  must  b can’t/couldn’t   c  may/might/could  d past participle 6a 1 strong form of have: /hæv/ 2 weak form of have: /əv/ 6b the weak form

6c

Students’ own answers

7 1 may/might have existed 2 must have been 3 can’t have used 4 must have liked 5 can’t have disappeared 6 could/may/might have lived 7 must have believed 8 may/might/could have taken, may/ might/could have received

Developing vocabulary  p113 1 Nouns: aristocracy, care, comfort, fame, luck, science, terror Adjectives: aristocratic, careful, careless, comfortable, famous, lucky, scientific, terrible, uncomfortable

2

careful, careless, comfortable, famous, lucky, scientific, terrible, uncomfortable

3

-y: hungry -able: enjoyable -ible: sensible -ful: helpful, useful -less: helpless, senseless, useless -al: natural, official -ous: dangerous, mysterious

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15 of 18

B1+

Student’s Book answer key 4 a  official  b mysterious   c  terrible/terrifying  d uncomfortable   e  careful  f dangerous  g unlucky   h  sensible

Gateway to life skills  pp114–115 1 1 a political party for young people 2 people between 11 and 18 who are interested in issues that affect society 3 Students’ own answers

2 1  The UK Youth Parliament provides opportunities for young people to bring about social change. 2 MYPs are members of the Youth Parliament and they are elected every year. They organise different events and projects and they run campaigns.

3 1  T  2 T  3 F  4 F  5 F  6 T  7 F 4

Olivia: letting 16-year-olds vote in general elections Jack: bullying in school Luke: changing the school curriculum Chloe: fighting youth unemployment

3 1 hadn’t thought, wouldn’t have been   2 would have taken, had found   3 hadn’t defended, would have become   4 hadn’t been, wouldn’t have taken   5 had been, would have kept   6 would speak, had remained   7 hadn’t been, would be 4 2 If I hadn’t studied a lot, I wouldn’t have got ten in the exam. 3 The road wouldn’t have been wet if it hadn’t been raining. 4 I would have bought you a present if I had had some money. 5 I wouldn’t have known her secret if you hadn’t told me. 6 If we had known they were such horrible people, we wouldn’t have become their friends. 7 If he had trained, he wouldn’t have done badly in the race. 8 She wouldn’t have arrived on time if she hadn’t got up early that morning. 9 If my dad hadn’t given my brother £20, he wouldn’t have had enough money to buy the tickets.

3 1  d  2 e  3 a  4 b  5 c 4 1 past simple: When Amy finished reading the email, she thought … 2 past continuous: Amy was waiting nervously at home … 3 past perfect: A few months ago, Amy had entered a competition. 4 used to: Amy used to dream of a moment like this … 5 must/may/might/can’t have: She thought the email must have been a mistake or a joke.

5 Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 9 Grammar revision  p121 1 1  can’t  2 must  3 must  4 may   5  can’t  6 may 2 1  can’t have seen  2 might have been   3  must have come  4 must have rained   5  can’t have snowed  6 might have done   7  can’t have eaten 3 1  had passed  2 would have bought   3  had died  4 had cooked  5 had shone   6  would have sent  7 had played

5

5

Olivia: e, f Jack: b, d Luke: a, h Chloe: c, g

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

1

Vocabulary revision  p121

Suggested answers Who can you see in the picture? What do you think the man is doing? Why do you think he is there? How do you think he feels? Who are the other people in the photo? How long have the people been waiting? Would you like to be there?

1 1  capital city  2 national anthem   3  flag  4 president  5 monarchy, king   6  currency 2 1 general elections – occasions when you

6a and 6b

Students’ own answers

Developing speaking  p118

6a, 6b and 6c

Listening  p116 1 1995 Rugby World Cup final; Nelson Mandela, the South African president, appeared at the match wearing a South African rugby top.

2 1  1995  2 27 years  3 white South Africans  4 England  5 One Country   6  new national anthem  7 the whole nation  8 ill  9 their hotel 3 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp116–117 1 1 We use the past perfect in the if clause. 2 We use would have + the past participle of the verb. 3 No, it can come second. 4 We know ’d is had if it is in the if clause. 5 We use the third conditional for imaginary situations in the past.

2 1  ended, have  2 had landed, have   3  have survived, hadn’t  4 thought, hadn’t fallen  5 have, had  6 hadn’t, would have

2

Students’ own answers

3

I imagine …, I’m not sure but …, It must be …, The people on the right might be …, It’s probably …, It looks as if …, It looks like …, They must have been …

4a and 4b

Students’ own answers

Developing writing  p119 1 1 She won the chance to meet the Prime Minister after entering a competition where she had had to write ten things she would do if she were the Prime Minister. 2 10 Downing Street in a big black car 3 excited and happy

2 Suggested answers A few months ago, At first, On Wednesday, after school, After about 40 minutes, By the end,

can vote for a government 2 run a country – manage the way a country works 3 political party – a group of people with similar political ideas 4 prime minister – the person who leads the government that is in power 5 constitutional monarchy – a country ruled by a king of queen whose powers are limited by a set of basic laws

3 1  hungry  2 careless  3 artistic   4  sensible  5 comfortable  6 natural   7  enjoyable  8 mysterious

Unit 10 Vocabulary  p122 1 Students’ own answers

2 1 Shoe shop: They want to buy some comfortable shoes or trainers. 2 Department store: They want to buy a birthday present/a watch.

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16 of 18

B1+

Student’s Book answer key 3 Clothes shop: The man wants to buy a jacket. 4 Post office: He wants to buy some stamps to post some letters to Australia.

3 cashier, checkout, cash/debit card, queue

4 1  debit card  2 cashier  3 cash   4  checkout  5 queue  6 afford   7  discount  8 bargain  9 receipt   10  refund  11 trolley  12 changing room 5 a  trolley  b discount  c bargain   d  queue  e checkout   f cashier   g  debit card  h refund  i cash  j receipt 6 Students’ own answers

5 1 adjectives and adverbs 2 nouns (with or without adjectives) 3 that 6a

1 Students’ own answers

2 1  a  2 b  3 c  4 c  5 a 3 Making shopping trolleys bigger Offering cheap prices on basic items like eggs and milk Putting red stickers on products so shoppers think they are at a discount Putting things like milk at the back so the shopper has to pass all the shelves Putting the expensive products at eye-level and the cheap ones lower Putting slow music to make you relaxed and move slower Creating queues at the checkout to make you buy from checkout shelves while you wait

4

Students’ own answers

5

pop into = go inside very quickly items = the things you intend to buy tendency = something we usually do or choose to do naturally deliberately = on purpose, done with a reason stickers = labels that supermarkets stick to food eye-level = the height where people’s eyes are

Students’ own answers

7 1  such  2 so  3 such  4 such  5 so   6  so  7 so 8a and 8b Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary  p125 1 1  win  2 waste  3 borrow  4 donate   5  earn  6 lend  7 spend  8 save   9  make  10 raise  11 owe 2 1  earn/make  2 spends  3 borrow   4  won  5 donates  6 lent  7 made   8  saving  9 wasted  10 owe  11 raised

Students’ own answers

2a and 2b

Students’ own answers

3a a Do you get an allowance? Toby ✗, Callum ✗, Naomi ✓, Rachel ✗ b Do you ever borrow money from others? Toby ✗, Callum ✓, Naomi ✗, Rachel ✓

Grammar in context  pp124–125

somesomebody/someone anyanywhere

6b

1

Students’ own answers

1b 1  c  2 a  3 b  4 d 1c

The words so and such are stressed.

Gateway to life skills  pp126–127

6

Students’ own answers

2 1  everything  2 somebody  3 anywhere   4  No-one  5 anything  6 Everybody   7  everyone, anyone  8 anybody 3 a  something  b Anything  c something   d  anything  e everywhere  f nothing   g  Somebody/Someone   h  anyone/anybody 4a 1  anywhere  2 anything  3 anybody   4  anybody  5 anywhere  6 anything 4b Students’ own answers

Reading  p123

1a

nonothing, nowhere everyeverything, everywhere

3b Toby: spend half of money and save rest Rachel: avoid designer clothes Naomi: look for the best price Callum: think before buying, only buy important things

4 1 Rachel and Callum  2 Naomi 3 Naomi  4 Callum  5 Toby 6 Naomi  7 Rachel  8 Callum 5 Students’ own answers

Listening  p128 1 Suggested answer I can see a boy shopping. He’s looking at some trousers on a clothes rack. Behind him I can see lots of shirts. He seems to like the clothes he’s looking at. He’s probably buying something.

2 a 4  b 2  c 1  d 3 3 1 4  2 1  3 2  4 3  5 4  6 3   7 1  8 2 4 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context  pp128–129 1 1 past simple, present 2 past perfect, past 3 would, wants 2 2 He wishes he were/was taller. 3 She wishes she had a cat. 4 She wishes she were/was on a beach. 5 He wishes he had long hair. 6 He wishes he could ski well. 3 Students’ own answers

4 1  hadn’t told  2 ’d chosen  3 ‘d treated   4  ‘d studied  5 ‘d learnt  6 hadn’t listened  7 hadn’t said  8 ‘d paid 5 Suggested answers 1 I wish you’d come to the class on time! 2 I wish you wouldn’t watch such frightening films! 3 I wish you’d tidy your room up!

6a Suggested answers a I wish he would share his food with me. b I wish the lesson was more exciting. c If only I had brought my umbrella. d I wish I was back in the sea. e I wish I could cook better. / I wish I had taken them out of the oven earlier.

6b Students’ own answers

Developing speaking  p130 1 Suggested answer There’s a woman in a clothes shop who is wearing an orange shirt. She might be shopping for more shirts in different colours for herself. Or she could work in the shop and they could be men’s shirts.

2

hoodie, blue, size large

3 1  e  2 a  3 c  4 g  5 d  6 f  7 b 4 Students’ own answers

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17 of 18

Student’s Book answer key 5 1 The hoodie shrank when it was washed. 2 The shop assistant offers to replace it or give her a refund. 3 She gets a refund because she has the receipt.

6 1 I’d like to make a complaint. It shrank the first time I washed it. It’s faulty. 2 Sorry about that. 3 Can I help you? How about this/these? We can replace it. 4 Yes, I’m looking for … No, thanks. I’m just looking. 5 What size are you? What seems to be the problem? Have you got anything in blue/green/medium/large? Can I bring it back? Can I have a refund? 6 I like it/them. I’ll take this one/these. It’s the wrong size.

Language checkpoint: Unit 10 Grammar revision  p133 1 1  anything  2 anywhere  3 something   4  Somebody  5 Everybody  6 anyone 2 1 This is such a big country. 2 The students are so good. 3 It was such a difficult exam. 4 It was such bad weather that we stayed in. 5 The film was so loud that my ears hurt. 6 My headache is so bad. 7 It’s such a dangerous road. 8 It was such a painful experience. 3 1  had  2 would  3 understood   4  had met  5 would stop  6 hadn’t failed

7a and 7b

Vocabulary revision  p133

Students’ own answers

1 1  butcher’s  2 greengrocer’s  3 electrical goods store  4 department store   5  stationery shop  6 bakery 2 1  cash  2 cashier  3 queue  4 afford   5  bargain  6 receipt  7 changing rooms   8  discount 3 1  borrow  2 earn  3 (correct)  4 waste   5  (correct)  6 lend

Developing writing  p131 1 Students’ own answers

2 1 Oliver bought an e-reader. 2 The screen was broken. 3 He took it back to the store. 4 The shop assistant didn’t change it because he didn’t have the original box. When he went back with the e-reader in the original packaging, there was a new assistant who said he couldn’t have a refund as he had broken the screen himself. 5 He wants a full refund and a written apology for the treatment he received.

3 1  c  2 e  3 a  4 d  5 b 4

Gateway to exams: Units 9–10 Reading  p134 1 Students’ own answers

2 1  B  2 A  3 C  4 D 3 1  b  2 c  3 b  4 c 4

I am writing to complain about … When, As a result, However, I demand a full refund. I would like a … If I do not … I will … I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

5 a  since  b In the end  c However   d  As a result  e Furthermore 6

6 1 ship which brought 500 Caribbean

Suggested answers 1 As a result, I would like to ask for a full refund. 2 Furthermore, she was rude to me in front of other customers and staff. 3 However, the service today was terrible. 4 I would like a full refund since I brought the product back in perfect condition. 5 In the end, I received an apology.

7 a  Jamaica  b Britain  c 500  d work   e  the weather  f Commonwealth countries   g  India  h 14%  i food  j music 8 a  dangerous  b interested  c historian   d  inspiring  e employee  f tiring   g  uncomfortable  h helpful   i  cooperates  j multinational/international   k  official  l excited  m surprising   n  director

7a and 7b Students’ own answers

B1+

people to Britain in 1948. 2 It created modern multicultural Britain.

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B2

B2

Student’s Book answer key 5 1  a  ​​2  f  ​​3  e  ​​4  c  ​​5  d  ​​6  b  ​​7  g 6a 1  activities  ​​2  facilities  ​​3  friends  ​​ 4  independent  ​​5  abroad  ​​6  residence  ​​ 7  loan

Unit 1 Vocabulary p6 1a Students’ own answers

1b

Reading p7

anthropology, archaeology, art, science (biology, chemistry, physics), economics, languages (English, French, Spanish, German, etc.), geography, history

1 Students’ own answers

2 and 3

undergraduate (noun) /ˌʌndə(r)ɡrædʒʊət/ – a student who is studying for a first degree at a college or university. A student who already has a first degree is a graduate. graduate (verb) /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ – to complete your studies at a university or college, usually by getting a degree degree (noun) /dɪˈɡriː/ – a course of study at a university, or the qualification that you get after completing the course master’s (noun) /ˈmɑːstə(r)z/ – a university degree that students get if they study for one or two years after their first degree lecture (noun) /ˈlektʃə(r)/ – a talk to a group of people about a particular subject, especially at a college or university tutorial (noun) /tjuːˈtɔːriəl/ – a lesson in which a student or a small group of students discusses a subject with a tutor, especially at university or college term (noun) /tɜː(r)m/ – one of the periods of time into which the year is divided for students. In the UK, there are usually three terms: the autumn term, the spring term and the summer term. continuous assessment (noun) /kənˈtɪnjʊəs əˈsesmənt/ – a way of judging a student by looking at the work that they do during the year instead of or in addition to looking at their examination results coursework (noun) /ˈkɔː(r)sˌwɜː(r)k/ – school work that a student must do as part of a course of study, with the mark that they achieve forming part of their exam result assignment (noun) /əˈsaɪnmənt/ – work that you must do as part of a course of study or as part of your job tutor (noun) /ˈtjuːtə(r)/ – a teacher in a college or university grade (noun) /ɡreɪd/ – a letter or number that shows the quality of a student’s work mark (noun) /mɑː(r)k/ – a school score notes (noun plural) /nəʊts/ – details from something such as a lecture or a book that you write down so that you can remember them resit (verb) /ˌriːˈsɪt / – to take an examination again after failing it previously

4 1  veterinary medicine  ​​2  lecture  ​​ 3  mark  ​​4  undergraduate  ​​5  tutor  ​​ 6  coursework/assignment  ​​7  psychology  ​​ 8  resit it

2 a 3  ​​b 1  ​​c 4  ​​d 2  ​​e 5 3 1 d  ​​2  c  ​​3  b  ​​4  a  ​​5  e  ​​6  c 4 Example answer I think these subjects aren’t too specialised. It’s a good idea to study something unusual because you are more likely to be interested and study more. Also they often give you very specific skills that are more useful in the workplace. Furthermore, an unusual degree could make your CV stand out in a competitive marketplace. In my opinion, these subjects are too specialised and they are a bad thing because your employment options are very narrow when you finish your degree. You can’t transfer your skills easily to another subject area. Also, they are often not very academically rigorous so they don’t show what you are intellectually capable of.

5

uni = short form of ‘university’ drives me mad = makes someone feel extremely angry or upset in great depth = in a very detailed way and giving a lot of information implications = possible results or effects hands-on = hands-on experience or training involves you doing something rather than just reading about it or watching other people do it specialise = to be an expert in a particular part of a subject or profession

6

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context pp8–9 1a 1  present simple  ​​2  present continuous  ​​ 3  present simple  ​​4  present continuous  ​​ 5  present simple 1b a  1  ​​b 3  ​​c 5  ​​d 2  ​​e 4 2 1 understand  ​​2  goes  ​​3  is coming  ​​ 4  are getting  ​​5  usually walks, is going  ​​ 6  Do you wear  ​​7  don’t agree  ​​ 8  sounds 3a 1 constantly  ​​2  always  ​​3  forever  ​​ 4  continually 3b Students’ own answers

4a 1  ’s forever playing  ​​2  studies  ​​ 3  ’re always leaving  ​​4  ’s constantly saying  ​​ 5  coach 4b Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

6a 1 a  ​​2  b  ​​3  d  ​​4  c 6b 1  present perfect continuous  ​​ 2  present perfect simple Present perfect simple: subject + has/have + past participle Present perfect continuous: subject + has/have been + verb + -ing

6c 1  present perfect simple  ​​2  present perfect continuous  ​​3  present perfect simple  ​​4  present perfect continuous 7 1 For goes with periods of time, like three hours, ten minutes, a long time. It goes just before the time period. 2  Since goes with points in time, like 1990, Christmas, last week. It goes just before the time period. 3  Ever means ‘sometime before now’. It is used in questions, e.g. Have you ever/ Haven’t you ever …?, and in negative statements, e.g. Nobody has ever travelled there before. It goes between have and the past participle. 4  Never means ‘at no time before’ and it is used in negative statements, e.g. I’ve never been to New York before. It goes between have and the past participle. 5  Just means ‘not so long ago’. It comes between have and the past participle, e.g. They have just gone out. 6  Already shows an action has been completed. It comes between have and the past participle: I have already heard that song. 7  Yet means ‘up to a specified time’ and is used only in the negative and question forms of the present perfect tense. It is normally placed at the end of a sentence, e.g. I haven’t been to the supermarket yet.

8 1  She’s failed  ​​2  since 2012  ​​ 3  We went  ​​4  I’ve been doing  ​​ 5  has just had  ​​6  has painted   ​​7  for five hours  ​​8  I’ve lost   ​​9  I haven’t done  ​​10  I’ve been waiting 9a

Example answers 1  How long have you lived here? 2  How long have you been watching TV? 3  Have you ever done a bungee jump? 4  How many times have you eaten sushi? 5  What have you been doing all day? 6  Have you just had your lunch?

9b

Students’ own answers

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B2

Student’s Book answer key Developing vocabulary p9

Listening p12

1

1

do – a course, an assignment, an exam, chores, homework, the shopping, the washing, well make – a cake, a decision, a noise, friends, the dinner

Suggested answers Useful ideas are 1, 2 (as long as all the students are focused on revising), 3, 4, 6, 8 (breaks should be short and involve drinking water and taking some exercise), 9.

2 1 do  ​​2  do  ​​3  make  ​​4  do  ​​ 5  make  ​​6  do 3 a made  b made  c do  d  is doing e  is making  f do  g do  h  are making i do  j do  k make  l make  m do n do 4a Students’ own answers

4b

Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills pp10–11 1a Students’ own answers

1b

Students’ own answers

2

3 1 D  ​​2  A  ​​3  B  ​​4  F  ​​5  G  ​​6  E  ​​7  C 4 1  Students are busy people. 2  The sooner you start, the earlier you finish. 3  It can encourage you to continue. 4  Your phone, social media networks, friend’s posts, videos, your family. 5  No, you have to be prepared for potential problems. 6  Start at the date you need to finish and calculate how long you need to do each step, and you will find the date you need to start.

5

Suggested answers Sam: He wants advice on managing free time and study time. Vanessa: She wants to know more about study buddies and if they do help. Bea: She wants to know how to schedule her time in a more balanced way. Chris: He wants advice on any tools or resources to help with time management.

6

Suggested answers Sam: prioritise tasks and make a timetable Vanessa: study buddies help you focus, and help you to understand difficult concepts and your position Bea: prioritise your work, set yourself a timer Chris: talk to your teacher, use websites and books, use a timer and set yourself half-hour working time and five-minute breaks Students’ own answers

The boy mentions ideas 7, 5 and 10. He hasn’t prepared well for the exam.

3 1 b  ​​2  a  ​​3  b  ​​4  c  ​​5  a 4 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context p12–13 1 2  g  ​​3  f  ​​4  c  ​​5  d  ​​6  b  ​​7  e  ​​8  i  ​​ 9  h  ​​10  e 2a a to think  b revising  c  to use   d keeping  e doing  f Leaving   g to check  h to get  i  to have j singing  k singing  l cycling   m to help  n to keep  o listening 2b Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

7

2

3 1  to pass  ​​2  studying  ​​3  correct  ​​ 4  to find  ​​5  to pass  ​​6  correct  ​​ 7  failing  ​​8  studying 4 1  to finish  ​​2  Starting  ​​3  taking  ​​ 4  creating  ​​5  leaving, to check  ​​ 6  to complete  ​​7  answering 5a Example answers 1  Do you enjoy going out in the evening? 2  When you sleep, do you ever dream of falling? 3  Have you ever thought of being famous? 4  Do you find it difficult to study? 5  Have you ever considered changing schools? 6  Do you think that you are brave enough to jump out of a plane? 7  Would you like to be the first person to live on Mars? 8  Are you interested in studying Surf science and technology? 9  At the weekend, do you ever go mountain biking? 1  0  Next year do you want to study another language?

5b

Students’ own answers

Developing speaking p14 1 1 a  ​​2  d  ​​3  c  ​​4  b  ​​5  b  ​​6  c 2 Student A: question 2 Student B: question 4 Student C: question 5

Student D: question 3 Student E: question 6 Student F: question 1

3

All the students answer the questions well except Student C who does not give reasons or personal details to support their answer. It’s a good idea to give reasons and personal details because it helps promote further conversation. A short response can indicate that you are annoyed, uninterested or very shy.

4

Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

6 1  playing, doing  ​​2  go, walk  ​​ 3  not to stay  ​​4  writing  ​​5  write, do  ​​ 6  to go, (to) fly 7a Students’ own answers

7b

Students’ own answers

Developing writing p15 1 What have you been dong recently? Which month do you think is better, July or August? What do you think is the best way for me to do that? Please let me know what type of things you’d like to do here.

2

informal words Hi! as a greeting simple sentences contractions (I’ve, I’d, etc.) Best wishes at the end

3 a  3 (Hello …, Hey …) b  4 (Great to hear from you. Thanks for telling me all your news. I just wanted to get in touch about …) c  5 (What have you been up to? What have you been doing recently/lately? How have you been?) d  1 (On another note …, That reminds me …) e  2 (I’ll be in touch soon. See you!)

4

Students’ own answers

5

Paragraph 2: Describe the best time to visit my country/ the best way to learn my language Paragraph 3: Describe things I’d like to do in England Paragraph 4: Say goodbye

6

Students’ own answers

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B2

Student’s Book answer key Language checkpoint: Unit 1 Grammar revision p17 1 1 don’t  ​​2  are  ​​3  start  ​​4  always/ constantly/forever  ​​5  always/constantly/ continually/forever  ​​6  asking 2 1 switched  ​​2  for  ​​3  been standing  ​​ 4  seen  ​​5  been staying  ​​6  been reading  ​​ 7  finished 3 1  risk failing  ​​2  go cycling  ​​3  can’t stand getting up  ​​4  consider joining  ​​5  having a valid passport  ​​6  the first to finish  ​​ 7  ’d love to see

Vocabulary revision p17 1 1 resit  ​​2  grades  ​​3  notes  ​​4  tutor  ​​ 5  degree  ​​6  undergraduate  ​​7  lecture 2 1 abroad  ​​2  loan  ​​3  facilities  ​​ 4  independent  ​​5  hall  ​​6  Extracurricular 3 1 do  ​​2  make  ​​3  do  ​​4  make  ​​ 5  make  ​​6  make  ​​7  do

Unit 2 Vocabulary p18

employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ – someone who is paid regularly to work for a person or an organisation earn /ɜː(r)n/ – to receive money for work that you do salary /ˈsæləri/ – a fixed amount of money that you earn each month or year dangerous conditions /ˈdeɪndʒərəs kənˈdɪʃ(ə) nz/ – situation or environment that is likely to harm or kill someone, or to damage or destroy something indoors /ɪnˈdɔː(r)z/ – in a building do paperwork /duː ˈpeɪpə(r)ˌwɜː(r)k/ – do the part of a job that involves producing reports, keeping records and writing letters manual work /ˈmænjʊəl wɜː(r)k/ – a job which involves physical work using your hands well paid /ˌwel ˈpeɪd/ – a well-paid person receives a good amount of money for work skilled /skɪld/ – having the ability and experience to do something well training /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/ – the process of training people or of being trained for a profession or activity experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ – knowledge and skill that is gained through time spent doing a job or activity

4 1  school caretaker  ​​2  software engineer  ​​ 3  personal assistant (PA)  ​​4  physiotherapist 5 Students’ own answers

1  Suggested answers A – architect, B – builder, C – chef, D – doctor, E – engineer, F – farmer, G – grocer, H – historian, I – investigator, J – judge, K – karate instructor, L – lawyer, M – mechanic, N – novelist, O – ophthalmologist, P – photographer, Q – quantum physicist, R – receptionist, S – shop assistant, T – teacher, U – umpire, V – violinist, W – waiter, X – X-ray technician, Y – yachtsman, Z – zoo-keeper

2 a taxi driver  b  police officer 3

6 1 e  ​​2  b  ​​3  g  ​​4  a  ​​5  f 7 Suggested answers 1  in a normal office job 2  people with a lot of responsibility and who are well paid often work long hours, e.g. managers, directors 3  in a stressful job when there is a lot of work to do; when you can earn extra money; when there is a chance of promotion

8a

Students’ own answers

qualifications /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)nz/ – something such as a degree or a diploma that you get when you successfully finish a course of study deal with /diːl wɪð/ – to take action to do something, especially to solve a problem be responsible for /biː rɪˈspɒnsəb(ə)l fə(r)/ – someone who is responsible for someone or something is in charge of them and must make sure that what they do or what happens to them is right or satisfactory stressful /ˈstresf(ə)l/ – involving or causing a lot of pressure or worry outdoors /ˌaʊtˈdɔː(r)z/ – not in a building good conditions /ɡʊd kənˈdɪʃ(ə)nz/ – favourable work situation or environment self-employed /ˌself ɪmˈplɔɪd/ – working for yourself instead of for an employer and paid directly by the people who you provide a product or service to

8b 2  apply for a job  ​​3  be offered a job  ​​ 4  sign a contract  ​​5  get a promotion 9 1 a  ​​2  e  ​​3  d  ​​4  c  ​​5  b 10 Students’ own answers

Reading p19 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers 3  1 T  ​​2  F  ​​3  NM  ​​4  T  ​​5  T  ​​6  T  ​​ 7  F  ​​8  NM

4

Students’ own answers

5

trials = the process of testing a product, plan or person over a period of time all-inclusive = including everyone or everything, especially all the costs, charges and services that make up the total price of something drawback = a feature of something that makes it worse than it could be defying = to happen in a way that is different from what usually happens or what you expect put up with = to accept someone or something unpleasant in a patient way still = without movement at a time = continuously for this period of time spot = the particular place where someone or something is

6

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context pp20–21 1a 1  past simple  ​​2  past continuous  ​​ 3  past simple  ​​4  past continuous, past simple  ​​5  past continuous, past simple 1b 1 PS  ​​2  PC  ​​3  PC  ​​4  PS  ​​5  PC 1c past continuous

2a

cried, developed, happened, hated, mentioned, occurred, planned, preferred, stepped, stopped, studied, travelled, tried, visited

2b

/d/: cried, happened, mentioned, occurred,

planned, preferred, studied, travelled, tried /t/: developed, stepped, stopped /ɪd/: hated, visited

3 1  made  ​​2  correct  ​​3  correct, was raining   ​​4  spent  ​​5  correct, was doing, correct  ​​ 6  was walking  ​​7  was crying 4a 1  What did you do when you got home after school yesterday? 2  Were you watching TV at 9 o’clock last night? 3  What were your parents doing yesterday at 10 am? 4  Where did you go last summer? 5  Were you listening to music while you were doing your homework yesterday? 6  What did you do last Saturday? 7  What were you doing at 6 o’clock this morning?

4b

Students’ own answers

5a 1  a, b, c  ​​2  d 5b 1  used to, would  ​​2  the past simple  ​​ 3  would

resort = a place where many people go for a holiday

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B2

Student’s Book answer key 6 1  used to  ​​2  lived  ​​3  didn’t use to  ​​ 4  both  ​​5  met  ​​6  both  ​​7  used to 7 a  lived  b didn’t have  c  used to work   d would do  e  would write   f  used to love   g jumped  h died  i saved

2

Developing vocabulary p21

Students’ own answers

1 1 d  ​​2  g  ​​3  h  ​​4  b  ​​5  c  ​​6  a  ​​7  f  ​​ 8  e 2 1  Keep at  ​​2  get ahead  ​​3  fill in  ​​ 4  turned, down  ​​5  set up  ​​6  keep up with  ​​7  work on  ​​8  took, over 3a 1 on  ​​2  up with  ​​3  ahead  ​​4  up

Grammar in context pp24–25

Gateway to life skills pp22–23 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3 Suggested answers 2  salary, well paid 3  enjoy, salary isn’t … important 4  in-service training, chance to keep on learning, interesting, new opportunities 5  working with others, team, deal with people 6  long holidays, flexibility to work from home, fewer hours 7  outdoor, connected with the environment or nature 8  travel, different countries, see the world 9  prospects, getting ahead, more responsibility, getting a promotion, challenging

4a

Speaker 1: C Speaker 2: B Speaker 3: F Speaker 4: E Speaker 5: A

3

1a a  I finished school. 1b before

1c

subject + had/hadn’t + past participle

2 1  had written  ​​2  had started  ​​3  stepped  ​​ 4  hadn’t spoken  ​​5  blew  ​​6  had seen  ​​ 7  had eaten 3 Suggested answers 1  someone had locked it. 2  she had answered the questions well. 3  I hadn’t done my homework. 4  she had missed the bus. 5  he had dropped his ice cream. 6  someone had seen a shark. 7  he had eaten too much pizza. 8  they hadn’t taken an umbrella with them.

4a 1  past perfect continuous  ​​2  past perfect simple  ​​3  past perfect continuous  ​​ 4  past perfect simple 4b Sentences 1 and 3 with the past perfect continuous give more importance to duration. Sentences 2 and 4 with the past perfect simple give more importance to the completion of the action.

4c

Students’ own answers

had + been + verb + -ing

4b

The example shows most important = inservice training, least important = outdoors

4c

Students’ own answers

5

Deana: Yes James: No Tope: Yes

6 1  D  ​​2  T  ​​3  D  ​​4  J  ​​5  D, J  ​​6  D, T  ​​ 7  J  ​​8  J

5 1  been waiting  ​​2  had  ​​3  eaten  ​​ 4  written  ​​5  lost  ​​6  been crying  ​​ 7  been talking 6 2  He hadn’t studied hard enough. 3  She’d been working all morning in the garden. 4  She’d been studying for hours. 5  He’d read it twice before. 6  He hadn’t paid attention to his teacher all year.

7a

Listening p24 1 Example answers I think a gap year sounds good because you can have a break from studying before you go to university. I think a gap year is a bad thing because many people don’t do anything useful or interesting, and they get out of the habit of studying.

She kept working even though she was a millionaire; to set a good example to her children.

7b a been  b  had  c for  d  up  e  didn’t   f  made  g  were  h  doing  i  earned   j  have 7c

Developing speaking p26 1 Students’ own answers

2 1  how dangerous the different jobs are 2  decide which of these jobs you think is the most dangerous 3  firefighter 4  Students’ own answers

3 1 yes  ​​2  yes  ​​3  no  ​​4  yes  ​​5  no 4 Suggested answers 1  Asking your partner’s opinion 2  Agreeing 3  Disagreeing

5

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

Developing writing p27 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3

Yes, it follows the paragraph plan in exercise 2.

4 a  As far as I’m concerned  b  To begin with   c  Furthermore  d  On the other hand   e  I agree with this  f  To sum up 5 Expressing opinions As far as I’m concerned, I agree with this Adding opinions To begin with, Furthermore Contrasting opinions On the other hand Concluding To sum up

6a

Students’ own answers

6b

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 2 Grammar revision p29 1 a  got  b  looked  c  was shining   d  was looking  e  saw  f  were playing 2 1  used to  ​​2  studied  ​​3  usually  ​​4  had  ​​ 5  use  ​​6  both correct  ​​7  didn’t use to 3 1  had been waiting  ​​2  had been painting  ​​ 3  had written  ​​4  correct  ​​5  had eaten  ​​ 6  correct  ​​7  had finished

Students’ own answers

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B2

Student’s Book answer key Vocabulary revision p29 1 1 for  ​​2  dealing  ​​3  employee  ​​ 4  earn  ​​5  skilled  ​​6  shift  ​​7  overtime  ​​ 8  qualifications 2 1  set up = start a new business, office, etc. 2  get ahead = progress faster than other people 3  turn down = not accept an offer, request or application 4  work on = spend time working or improving something 5  fill in = add information on a document 6  take over = take control of something

3 a  look  b  applied  c  redundant   d  unemployed  e  fired/sacked/dismissed   f  offered

Gateway to exams: Units 1–2

Paragraph 3: ideas for party Paragraph 4: suggest a time to meet on Thursday; say goodbye

7

Students’ own answers

8

Example answers ‘Helicopter’ parents and ‘lawnmower’ parents are good because they support their children. I think ‘helicopter’ and especially ‘lawnmower’ parents are a bad thing because children don’t learn to become independent and take care of themselves.

Listening p31 9 Speaker 1: C Speaker 2: F Speaker 3: B Speaker 4: A Speaker 5: D

10

Reading p30

Students’ own answers

1 Example answers On an Erasmus exchange, students spend at least three months studying in a university in one of the 30 countries involved in the programme. Some of the advantages of this exchange could include: it looks good on your CV, you learn life skills, you make an international network of friends and have fun, you discover a different culture, and you learn another language.

2 1  Students’ own answers 2  Nelly Samuels – modern history, John

Vaughan – business, Teresa Lopez – media studies, Keith Johnson – politics

3 1 B  ​​2  C  ​​3  A  ​​4  C  ​​5  D  ​​6  A  ​​ 7  D  ​​8  C 4 Students’ own answers

Writing p31 5

Speaking p31 11 Students’ own answers

12

Students’ own answers

Unit 3 Vocabulary p32 1 Students’ own answers

2 1  crew  ​​2  traffic jam  ​​3  the Underground/ subway/tube  ​​4  spacecraft  ​​5  take off  ​​ 6  land  ​​7  gate 3 1  stand away from the edge of the platform  ​​ 2  shouldn’t  ​​3  shouldn’t  ​​4  a, West  ​​ 5  need  ​​6  bags 4 1 trip  ​​2  voyage  ​​3  Travel  ​​4  journey  ​​ 5  trips  ​​6  voyages  ​​7  travel  ​​8  trip 5 Students’ own answers

Students should answer these questions in their reply: How are you? What do you think (about the welcome home party)? Could you come and give me a hand getting things ready on Thursday afternoon? Apart from food, is there anything that you can think of that would make the party really special?

6

Suggested answer Paragraph 1: greeting, say how I am, mention pizza place Paragraph 2: the party is a good idea; yes, I can help

Reading p33 1 Students’ own answers

2 1  Hyperloop 2  electric car, sports car, high-speed train, planes, supersonic air travel, self-driving car, flying cars, drones, elevator

3 1  c  ​​2  b  ​​3  f  ​​4  a  ​​5  e  ​​6  d 4

Example answers I think the Hyperloop is very useful as it is much faster than ordinary transport and more ecological.

I think the self-driving car is useful because while you are on the move you can do anything you want. I think drones are very useful because they can do dangerous work more cheaply and safely than humans can. I think the lunar space elevator is a fascinating idea, but it’s not very useful.

5

boldest = riskiest capsule = the part of a space vehicle in which people travel currently = at the present time sharp increase = sudden rise self-driving = an autonomous or driverless vehicle norm = something that is normal or expected drawing up = to prepare or write something

6

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context pp34–35 1a a  be going to  b  present continuous   c  be going to  d  will  e  present simple 1b 1  be going to  ​​2  be going to  ​​3  will  ​​ 4  the present continuous  ​​5  the present simple

1c 1  will  ​​2  will  ​​3  the present simple 2 1  future fact  ​​2  sudden decision  ​​ 3  prediction based on opinion  ​​ 4  prediction based on expectations  ​​ 5  future fact  ​​6  sudden decision 3 1 starts  ​​2  ’ll  ​​3  ’s going to rain  ​​ 4  correct  ​​5  ‘s talking  ​​6  are going  ​​ 7  are, doing  ​​8  ’m going to eat  ​​ 9  correct  ​​10  ’s going to drop 4a 1  will land, am  ​​2  will be/is  ​​ 3  are meeting  ​​4  are, going to do  ​​ 5  will snow  ​​6  ’s going to have   ​​7  ’ll open  ​​8  get, ’ll switch  ​​9  ’m seeing  ​​ 10  ’s going to rain 4b Students’ own answers

5 a have  b  are going to become   c are   d will be  e off  f will be  g won’t   h  are talking

Developing vocabulary p35 1a 1  mis  ​​2  post  ​​3  under  ​​4  over  ​​ 5  inter  ​​6  dis  ​​7  re  ​​8  co  ​​9  sub-  ​​ 10  super 2 1  disappeared  ​​2  underpaid  ​​ 3  misunderstood  ​​4  sub-zero  ​​5  rewrite  ​​ 6  overbooked  ​​7  superhuman

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B2

Student’s Book answer key 3a Students’ own answers

3b

disadvantage, disagree, unbelievable, incapable, incomplete, unexpected, unlikely, illogical, unnecessary, disobey, impatient, impossible, irregular, irresponsible, unsuccessful, invisible

3c

Students’ own answers

4a

Students’ own answers

4b

1a From Turkey to Thailand to the US – approximately 22,000km/14,000 miles

1b

The distance food travels from where it is produced to our table.

2 3

Text A 1  They weren’t in season then. 2  They produce 25% of CO2 emissions. 3  They are responsible for 11% of carbon emissions. 4  They are an example of unnecessary food travel. 5  We need to produce more food locally and buy locally produced food Text B 1  We need to keep them cool for a year or buy them from another country. 2  Buying them from another country as the energy used in keeping them fresh for ten months is worse for the environment. 3  Because they have conditions to grow tomatoes all year and if they are produced in the UK, you need energy to heat the greenhouses. 4  The workers and economy of these countries depend on selling fruit, etc. to other markets. 5  Food miles are not good, but sometimes they are better than the alternatives

4 5

Students’ own answers

6a

6b 1 running  ​​2  to fork  ​​3  cold storage  ​​ 4  seasonally  ​​5  sustainable  ​​6  market 6c

Students’ own answers

2

1a 1  future continuous  ​​2  future continuous  ​​ 3  future perfect simple  ​​4  future perfect simple  ​​5  future perfect continuous Future continuous: will/won’t + be + verb-ing Future perfect simple: will/won’t + have + past participle Future perfect continuous: will/won’t + have + been + verb + -ing

1b 1  future perfect simple  ​​2  future continuous  ​​ 3  future perfect continuous  ​​4  future perfect simple, future perfect continuous

2 1a  At 7 o’clock, the activity is in progress. 1b  At 7 o’clock, the activity has finished. 2a  In half an hour the activity will start. 2b  In half an hour, the activity will be finished. 3a  This action will happen sometime before 2050. 3b  This action will happen in 2050. 4a  I have a plan to have lunch at 1 pm tomorrow. 4b  At 1 pm tomorrow, lunch will be in progress.

3a 1  will be having  ​​2  will have eaten  ​​ 3  will have arrived  ​​4  will have been going  ​​ 5  will be having  ​​6  will have seen   ​​7  will be watching  ​​8  will have been

Students’ own answers

1

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context p38–39

Students’ own answers

Listening p38

Positive points: patrolling parks/ protecting wild animals; examining sites of natural disasters; taking medicine, water or food to victims; making movies; filming sports events Negative points: privacy – spying on ordinary people; create laws on why/how/ when/who can use them Example answers I think drones will change the world in a good way. They can save lives and do dangerous jobs. Moreover, drones will generate a lot of money and jobs. I think drones will change the world in a bad way. It’s possible for terrorists to take control of drones and use them against us.

Gateway to life skills pp36–37

Students’ own answers

5a

5

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

3 1 Aerial  ​​2  negative  ​​3  stop  ​​4  aerial images  ​​5  offers us new reporting possibilities  ​​6  quite possible  ​​7  thinks 4

watching

3b

Students’ own answers

5b

Students’ own answers

5c

Developing speaking p40 1 Students’ own answers

2 1  Students’ own answers  ​​2  yes  ​​3  yes 3 a  Both photos show   b  In the first photo   c whereas  d  One big difference between the photos is that   e while  f Compared with  g  Another important difference   h  One similarity 4 Students’ own answers

5a

Students’ own answers

5b

Students’ own answers

5c

Students’ own answers

Developing writing p41 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

4 1  f  ​​2  d  ​​3  a  ​​4  g  ​​5  c  ​​6  e  ​​7  b 5 Variety of past tenses: past continuous: … We were soon preparing for landing; past simple … I learnt that …, past perfect simple: … I had flown …, past perfect continuous: … I had been waiting …, past with ‘would’: … we would observe …, future with ‘will’: I’ll never forget Participle clauses: Having collected my luggage, I immediately saw … Linkers of time and sequence: Four months ago, Luckily Adjectives and adverbs: excited and nervous, brilliant, immediately, amazing

6a

Students’ own answers

6b

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 3

Students’ own answers

3c

Students’ own answers

4 a  will, be doing   b  will, be working   c  will have finished   d  will have left   e  won’t be living   f  will have learnt   g  will have bought   h  will be saving

Grammar revision p43 1 1 comes  ​​2  ’ll help  ​​3  ’m going to do  ​​ 4  are getting  ​​5  will take  ​​6  leaves 2 a 4  ​​b 5  ​​c 6  ​​d  3  ​​e 2  ​​f  1

Students’ own answers

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B2

Student’s Book answer key 3 1  I can’t go out at 7 o’clock because I’ll be doing my homework then. 2  ✓ 3  ✓ 4  I can write a summary of the book tomorrow because I’ll have read it by then. 5  At 5 o’clock next Saturday I’ll be playing basketball. 6  I can’t give you my assignment tomorrow because I won’t have finished it. 7  ✓ 8  ✓

Vocabulary revision p43 1 1  platform  ​​2  crew  ​​3  landed  ​​ 4  traffic jam  ​​5  gate  ​​6  high-speed  ​​ 7  space station  ​​8  launch 2 1 trip  ​​2  travel  ​​3  voyage  ​​4  journey  ​​ 5  trip 3 1 misunderstand  ​​2  unexpected  ​​ 3  incapable  ​​4  overbooked  ​​ 5  unnecessary  ​​6  disobey  ​​7  postgraduate

Unit 4 Vocabulary p44

Students’ own answers

friendly – unfriendly, kind/outgoing hard-working – lazy, diligent patient – impatient, considerate polite – impolite/rude, courteous quiet – noisy, reserved reliable – unreliable, dependable serious – fun-loving, solemn tidy – untidy/messy, neat

Reading p45 1 Suggested answer In one photo, I can see Dynamo walking on water. In the other photo, he is holding a pack of cards.

2

2

No he didn’t have an easy childhood. He had a serious stomach illness and was bullied for being weak and shy.

Students’ own answers

3

big-headed – modest, down-to-earth good-natured/easygoing – bad-tempered immature – mature narrow-minded – broad-minded outgoing – shy, reserved self-confident – insecure tactless – tactful, sensitive gifted = with an impressive natural ability talented = someone who is talented is very good at something Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

6 1  ambitious +/pushy – 2  self-confident +/arrogant – 3  bossy –/assertive + 4  frank +/brusque – 5  stubborn –/determined + 7 1  bossy/self-confident  ​​2  tactless/ big-headed  ​​3  stubborn/slow

Example answers 1  A professional musician needs to be gifted and play at least one instrument extremely well. To be a professional musician, you have to be very ambitious as it is very difficult to succeed as a musician. 2  The director of an international bank needs to be clever, because you need to understand complex numerical operations. You need to be self-confident, serious, reliable and assertive because you are the leader. 3  To be the President, you need to be very self-confident and determined because you receive a lot of criticism. You need to be hard-working and serious because there are many difficult situations that you have to face. 4  A Formula 1 driver has to be hardworking and talented. You also need to be self-confident as drivers deal with the media a lot. They work in teams so it helps to be outgoing and friendly. 5  A TV presenter needs to be outgoing and friendly. It usually involves many hours in the studio so you need to be hardworking, patient and ambitious to succeed in this job. Because you are in the public eye, you need to be self-confident

8b

1

4

8a

3 1 b  ​​2  a  ​​3  c  ​​4  c  ​​5  c 4

Example answer I think Dynamo is successful because he works hard. He spent thousands of hours practising tricks when he was younger.

5

pack of cards = a box containing cards for playing games talked his way = to persuade someone to let you do something surface = the top layer or outside part of something begging = asking for something in a way that shows you want it very much distraction = something that gets your attention and prevents you from concentrating on anything else

6

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context pp46–47 1a comparative: 1, 3, 4, 7 superlative: 2, 5, 6

1b

adjectives: 2, 4, 7 adverbs: 1, 3, 5, 6

2

Adjective

Comparative Superlative

long

longer

the longest

slow

slower

the slowest

big

bigger

the biggest

thin

thinner

the thinnest

friendly

friendlier

the friendliest

tidy

tidier

the tidiest

ambitious

more ambitious

the most ambitious

hard-working more hardworking

the most hard-working

good

better

the best

bad

worse

the worst

far

farther/further the farthest/ furthest

little (determiner)

less

the least

Rules For one-syllable adjectives, add -er to make the comparative and -est to make the superlative. (If an adjective ends in -e, this is removed before adding -er/-est, e.g. wide, wider, widest.) If a one-syllable adjective ends in a single vowel letter followed by a single consonant letter, the consonant letter is doubled before adding -er/-est, e.g. big, bigger, biggest. If an adjective ends in a consonant followed by -y, -y is replaced by -i when adding -er/est, e.g. friendly, friendlier, friendliest. For many two-syllable and all three-syllable adjectives, form the comparative with more and the superlative with most. (For some two syllable adjectives, both -er and more forms are possible.)

3a 1 b  ​​2  c  ​​3  a 3b a  better, worse, less b  more carefully, more quietly, more easily, more beautifully, more often c  faster, harder, earlier, later, longer, sooner, nearer

4 1  In my opinion, Caleb is the friendliest person in this class. 2  I think Emma is slightly taller than Claire. 3  That is definitely the silliest thing I’ve heard today! 4  You can write much quicker on a computer than by hand. 5  Sorry I couldn’t come sooner. 6  Is it much further to your house?

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B2

Student’s Book answer key 7  You need to try harder if you want to be a professional illusionist. 8  Houdini was one of the most famous illusionists in the world. 9  That film was terrible! It’s the least interesting film I’ve ever seen. 10  She did better than me in the test.

5a

Students’ own answers

5b

Students’ own answers

6 a  We use as … as to say two things are the same. b  We use not as … as or, not so … as or less … than to say that the second person or thing is more … than the first one. c  Students’ own answers

7 1  is as enjoyable as playing  ​​2  is less healthy than  ​​3  faster you walk, the  ​​ 4  is not as good as  ​​5  as quickly as  ​​ 6  much less difficult to write  ​​7  taller you are, the easier  ​​8  better and better 8 2  c  ​​3  a  ​​4  g  ​​5  e  ​​6  b  ​​7  d

Developing vocabulary p47 1 actor, artist, politician, writer

2

actor, action appearance confidence creator, creation difference education, educator electricity, electrician employment, employer happiness improvement, improver invention, inventor investigation, investigator madness musician, musicality relevance scientist

1 Suggested answers Garry Kasparov, Marie Curie, William Shakespeare, Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein

2a

Students’ own answers

2b

Students’ own answers

3 1  doesn’t mean  ​​2  isn’t  ​​3  can’t  ​​ 4  doesn’t stay  ​​5  affect

Grammar in context pp50–51

shows you are clever, but this is only one type of intelligence. 2  Because people are good at different things. 3  It is difficult to measure intelligence because it depends on what type of intelligence you are talking about. 4  Children who have access to musical instruments can become great musicians if they start early; bilingual or multilingual children.

Students’ own answers

5 a 5  ​​b 4  ​​c  1  ​​d 3  ​​e  7  ​​f 2  ​​g  6 6 Students’ own answers

7

Intelligence 1: use flashcards for difficult concepts, extensive notes Intelligence 2: organise notes in alphabetical/numerical order Intelligence 3: use graphs or mind maps Intelligence 4: use music to remember concepts and words Intelligence 5: use real-life examples to relate to concepts Intelligence 6: set up a study group, talk to a classmate Intelligence 7: keep a journal, study in a quiet area

8

Students’ own answers

Listening p50 1 Example answers 1  I would like to try rock climbing, but I think it looks very risky. 2  People who like doing extreme sports. 3  I think you have to train a lot to do this and be very fit.

3 a scientists  b importance  c electricity d creation  e inventor  f improvements g  disappearance  h ability  i difference

Gateway to life skills pp48–49

4 1  That some people believe this is what

2 1  T  ​​2  T  ​​3  F  ​​4  NM  ​​5  T  ​​6  F  ​​ 7  NM  ​​8  T 3 1 900 2  nine 3  She’s a grandmother and very busy. 4  60 metres 5  it is surrounded by water; bad weather 6  one in 400 7  how to watch body language and to

notice typical things we say when we’re nervous 8  It’s a pity to spend our lives not realising we have a special talent.

4

Example answers 1  I think I would like to watch this TV series because it is different from ordinary talent shows. I love watching other people be good at things. 2  I would love to do tests to see if I have a hidden talent because it could change my life.

1 2 1  a, a programme  ​​2  b, the programme, the series  ​​3  d, the world  ​​4  e, the best diver, the first  ​​5  c, nurses, patients, emergencies

3 1  –, – 2  a, a, a 3  the, – 4  – 5  The, the 6  a, –, – 7  an, the, a 8  –, the 4 a a  b an  c an  d –  e a  f the   g the  h a  i the  j the 5 One of the most interesting episodes of Hidden Talent was about a boy called James Whinnery. He was only 19. They discovered that the boy had a special talent for (1) the languages. He learnt (2) the Arabic in just 19 weeks. He did a test working in (3) a Turkish restaurant for a day talking to the waiters in Arabic. Then, for his training, they say he learnt (4) the new words – one hundred words each day! At the end of the episode, he travelled to Jordan and they interviewed him in Arabic on a special programme. Of course, nobody can really learn (5) a new language in just 19 weeks. But James learnt a lot of things in that time. It seems that sometimes (6) the TV programmes can have (7) a positive effect on people and their lives.

6 1 too  ​​2  enough  ​​3  such  ​​4  so  ​​ 5  too, enough  ​​6  so, such 7 1 too  ​​2  a  ​​3  enough  ​​4  to  ​​5  –  ​​ 6  so  ​​7  enough  ​​8  such  ​​9  so 8 1  are so good that everyone  ​​2  too cold to  ​​ 3  are good enough to  ​​4  such a cold day that  ​​5  isn’t self-confident enough to  ​​ 6  sing well enough 9a Suggested answers 1  they could go all day without seeing each other! 2  she built herself a golden palace. 3  he ended up without any friends. 4  get up in the morning and spent every day in bed. 5  climb that mountain. 6  I’ll pass all my exams first time. 7  he can do university level maths.

9b

Students’ own answers

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B2

Student’s Book answer key Developing speaking p52

2 1  I met a friend yesterday in the city centre. 2  The most important thing in life are

1 A  Martin Luther King – US civil rights campaigner B  Marie Curie – scientist famous for work on radioactivity C  Cristiano Ronaldo – international football player D  Emma Watson – actress (in Harry Potter movies); UN Ambassador

2

Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

4

The student disagrees with the statement and believes there are celebrities who can be called heroes.

good friends. 3  Experts say the government is having problems. 4  When I’m bored I pick up a book and read. 5  I like listening to actors and the things they say about life in Hollywood. 6  The programmes I watch are all on late at night.

3 1  h (too)  ​​2  f (so)  ​​3  e (enough)  ​​ 4  a (too)  ​​5  b (such)  ​​6  d (enough)  ​​ 7  g (so)  ​​8  c (such)

Vocabulary revision p55

Students’ own answers

1 1 tactless  ​​2  down-to-earth  ​​ 3  broad-minded  ​​4  insecure  ​​5  pushy  ​​ 6  stubborn  ​​7  immature  ​​8  gifted  ​​ 9  frank/honest 2 1 musician  ​​2  improvement  ​​ 3  confidence  ​​4  education  ​​5  darkness  ​​ 6  creator  ​​7  electrician  ​​8  appearance

Students’ own answers

Reading p56

5

I’d like to begin by saying, First of all, Furthermore, What’s more, It’s also true that, To sum up, In short

6

Students’ own answers

7

8a 8b

1

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

2

Developing writing p53

Suggested answer To become a genius you have to work hard and have opportunities.

1 Students’ own answers

2

He writes great songs and performs concerts on his own. He’s modest, funny and friendly. He plays and sings in lots of different styles. He can write lyrics. He makes brilliant videos. He’s a talented dancer.

3 1 G  ​​2  D  ​​3  F  ​​4  C  ​​5  A  ​​6  E  ​​ 7  H  ​​8  B 4

Unit 5 Vocabulary p58 1 Example answers baker’s, bank, bookshop, butcher’s, charity shop, clothes shop, DIY/hardware shop, department store, electrical goods store, greengrocer’s, jeweller’s, music shop, newsagent’s, post office, shoe shop, sports shop, stationery shop, supermarket, travel agent’s

2 a afford /əˈfɔː(r)d/  b sale /seɪl/   c  discount /ˈdɪsˌkaʊnt/  d  bargain /ˈbɑː(r)ɡɪn/ e  value for money /ˈvæljuː fə(r) ˈmʌni/ f cash /kæʃ/  g change /tʃeɪndʒ/   h receipt /rɪˈsiːt/  i waste /weɪst/ j  refund /ˈriːfʌnd/ 3 Example answers 1  Yes, I have a few coins and a couple of notes. It’s useful for simple, everyday transactions. 2  They usually pay by credit card. 3  We often go to the sales to buy coats and shoes. 4  I always keep the receipt in case I need to exchange my purchase or get a refund. 5  My dad asked for a refund on a fridge that didn’t work. 6  Students get special discounts on public transport and at many leisure centres. 7  I wasted my money on some fake designer trainers. They were really bad quality. 8  I bought some boots in a second-hand shop last year and they were a real bargain and great value for money.

6 a importance  b scientific  c unusually   d scientist  e underestimate  f ability   g physicist  h mathematician   i connection  j unsuccessfully

4 1  overdraft  ​​2  savings account  ​​ 3  lend money/give somebody a loan  ​​ 4  bank charges/fees  ​​5  current account  ​​ 6  withdraw money  ​​7  interest  ​​8  bill  ​​ 9  ATM/cashpoint  ​​10  get into debt 5 1 £45  ​​2  £7  ​​3  no  ​​4  yes  ​​5  yes  ​​ 6  £4  ​​7  yes  ​​8  no 6a

5

Speaking p57

Students’ own answers

7

6b

3

D, A, C, B 4  Suggested answers doesn’t look very special, he tends to wear …, incredibly special, what I love most about him …, most important talents, great talents, he shows that, great singer, most exciting thing

6a

Students’ own answers

Use of English p57 5 Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

8

6b

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

9

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 4 Grammar revision p55 1 1 hard  ​​2  than  ​​3  the hotter it gets  ​​ 4  faster  ​​5  as  ​​6  most  ​​7  earlier  ​​ 8  carefully

Writing p57 10

All the words have a silent letter. answer /ˈɑːnsə(r)/ business /ˈbɪznəs/ climb /klaɪm/ debt /det/ doubt /daʊt/ eight /eɪt/ half /hɑːf/ honest /ˈɒnɪst/ knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ listen /ˈlɪs(ə)n/ litre /ˈliːtə(r)/ psychological /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ receipt /rɪˈsiːt/ talk /tɔːk/ through /θruː/ written /ˈrɪt(ə)n/

Reading p59

Students’ own answers

1

Students’ own answers

2 1  The objects were all used as money over

11

Students’ own answers

the years. 2  Not now, because their value changes.

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B2

Student’s Book answer key 3 1  We exchange items for services. 2  You have to find the right person to barter with. 3  You don’t have to find ‘the right person’. 4  Their uses gave them a basic value. 5  They last for such a short time. 6  They maintained their value over time, can be easily translated into prices and were widely accepted. 7  They were heavy to carry around. 8  The first paper money was a type of receipt or note. 9  The cash we carry around with us. 10  It leads to higher prices and money loses its value.

4

Example answer I think society will become more collaborative and we will share our things. The more you share, the more points you will get.

5

barter = exchange goods or services for other goods or services instead of using money medium = a way of communicating information and ideas, especially to a lot of people standardising = keeping something the same widely = by a lot of people, in a lot of places worthless = having no value, or not useful

6

Example answers I think many people are thinking about giving up money. Money is the cause of unemployment, wars, crime, terrorism, pollution, etc. A lot of people are beginning to share resources and build a better world for everyone. I think people in general are motivated by money and profits. We have been doing this for so long that it seems like a very important part of our lives.

Grammar in context pp60–61 1a 1  have to/must/need to  ​​ 2  don’t have to/doesn’t need to/needn’t  ​​ 3  mustn’t/aren’t allowed to/can’t  ​​ 4  ought to/should/’d better 1b 1  to + infinitive: ought, have/don’t have to, allowed, need/don’t need the infinitive without to: should, must/ mustn’t,’d better, needn’t, can’t 2  Do we all have to use money? 3  It shouldn’t be something that maintains its value. You’d better not keep your money in your pocket. 4 You need to carry it all with you. 5 had

2 1  You mustn’t  ​​2  Do you have to  ​​ 3  You needn’t open  ​​4  She’d/had better  ​​ 5  We ought to  ​​6  don’t need to have

3 1 had  ​​2  has  ​​3  ought  ​​4  aren’t  ​​ 5  needn’t  ​​6  mustn’t 4 Suggested answers You can’t use your mobile phone at school. You don’t have to wear a school uniform. You had better not talk in Mrs Williams’ class – she’s very strict. You must start learning our language because most of our lessons aren’t in English. You mustn’t chew gum in the class. You needn’t buy textbooks – the school will lend them to you. You ought to buy a big rucksack to carry your books.

5a 1  had to/ needed to 2  needn’t have  ​​ 3  didn’t have to, didn’t need to  ​​ 4  weren’t allowed to/couldn’t  ​​ 5  should/ought to have/shouldn’t have 5b have + past participle

6 1  You should have asked them for advice. 2  She had to arrive on time every morning. 3  Did you have to go to the meeting? 4  We weren’t allowed to wear jeans and T-shirts. 5  I needn’t have got up early (but I did). 6  She didn’t need to wear a uniform (so she didn’t). 7  We ought to have worked as a team.

7 1  I had to do the exercises last night. 2  We needn’t have taken food to the

party, but we did. 3  She ought to have revised for the exam. 4  They weren’t allowed to go into the office. 5  The plane needed to land. 6  I didn’t have to show my receipt to the shop assistant. 7  I shouldn’t have got angry with you yesterday.

8a

Example answers I didn’t have to wear a tie, but I had to wear short trousers. I couldn’t run in the corridors. I had to arrive on time. I needed to go to the school doctor a couple of times. I needn’t have worried about secondary school, but I did. I ought to have studied more. I shouldn’t have talked so much in class. I wasn’t allowed to leave before 3 o’clock.

8b

Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary p61 1 1 b  ​​2  c  ​​3  a  ​​4  g  ​​5  f  ​​6  d  ​​ 7  h  ​​8  e

2 1  Can you pick up some milk on the way home? 2  That coat is expensive, but I’m going to splash out on it. 3  We need to cut back on luxury items. 4  We haven’t got much money, but we get by. 5  I can’t go to the concert because I need to set money aside for the summer holidays. 6  You should buy the game now because they’re selling out fast. 7 I’ll pay back the money you lent me tomorrow. 8  The book was £10 and the magazine was £2.50 so the total came to £12.50.

3 1 aside  ​​2  back  ​​3  out  ​​4  out  ​​5  by  ​​ 6  up 4 Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills pp62–63 1 1 b  ​​2  a  ​​3  d  ​​4  c 2 Students’ own answers

3 1  £750 a month for accommodation 2  Credit card debt £3,657 3  38% splash out more often than they should 4  Average overdraft £1,509

4 1 T  ​​2  F  ​​3  T  ​​4  T  ​​5  T  ​​6  F  ​​ 7  T  ​​8  F 5 1  Both – students are often influenced to spend more than they have; banks throw credit at students 2  payday loans, store cards, not enough financial education at school or at home 3  Students’ own answers 4  withdraw cash and only spend that; resist temptation to use debit card; avoid accounts with overdraft facilities; check bank account regularly; discuss money with friends; use discount card

6 1  developing budgeting skills as a

teenager will help you in the future 2  before you buy anything, ask if it is an essential purchase; only take out the cash you need from the cashpoint 3  look at your income; look at how much you’re spending; look how much money you have left 4  to trace where your money is going in order to better plan your money 5  contactless payment means that sometimes we spend more money than we want to

7

Students’ own answers

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10 of 25

B2

Student’s Book answer key Listening p64 1 Suggested answer Someone is touching a screen. There is a logo or financial symbol above the words ‘touch to begin’.

2

Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

4 a digital  ​​b files  ​​c real  ​​d mining  ​​ e difficult  ​​f governments  ​​g dramatically  ​​ h criminals  ​​i California  ​​j 64  ​​ k identity  ​​l billion 5 Example answers I wouldn’t like to buy or use Bitcoins because I think it is a sort of pyramid operation run by cybercriminals. I would like to buy or use Bitcoins because it is going to be very popular. Just like gold, the more people want it, the higher the price goes.

Grammar in context pp64–65 1 1  We use might, may and could when there is a 50% possibility that something is or will be true. The negative forms are may not and might not. We cannot use the negative form of could when there is a 50% possibility that something isn’t true. 2  We use must when we are 90% certain that something is true. 3  We use can’t when we are 90% certain that something isn’t true. 4  When we are speculating and making deductions, the opposite of must is can’t.

2 A  a dollar bill/bank note  ​​B  a calculator  ​​ C  a wallet  ​​D  a credit or debit card  ​​ E  a receipt 3 1 can’t  ​​2  must  ​​3  might not/may not  ​​ 4  may/might  ​​5  must  ​​6  can’t  ​​7  must  ​​ 8  may/might, may not/might not 4 1  We use may have, might have and could have when there is a 50% possibility that something was true, but we cannot use could have + past participle in the negative form with this meaning. 2  We use must have when we are 90% certain that something was true. 3  We use can’t have when we are 90% certain that something wasn’t true.

5 1  It’s only lunchtime and you look terrible.

You must have had a bad morning. 2  Somebody’s unlocked the door. It can’t have been Mike because he hasn’t got a key. 3  I think Josh might have sent me an email last night. 4  Emma hasn’t replied to my email. She might not have received it.

5  William isn’t here. He must have gone

5

already. 6  Let’s not buy her that DVD. I’m not sure, but I think she might have bought it already. 7 You can’t have read that book already! It’s 600 pages long and you only started yesterday! 8 It can’t have rained last night because all the streets are dry.

Students’ own answers

6 a  must have been   b  can’t have left   c  must have had   d  may/might not have been   e  may/might have worked   f  must have moved   g  may/might have had 7a Suggested answers 1  He must have won the lottery. He might have been successful in his business. 2  She might have been tired. She can’t have studied enough. 3  He must have done something wrong. He might have missed school. 4  He can’t have been concentrating on driving. He must have been tired. 5  She must have been playing a better player. She might have been ill that day. 6  They must have lost the game. The team might have played really badly. 7  She must have gone on a fitness programme. She might have started a new sport. 8  She might have gone to an Englishspeaking country. She must have practised a lot.

7b

Students’ own answers

Developing speaking p66 1 In both photos, … In the first photo …, but in the second photo … One similarity/big difference is … Another important difference is … Compared with …

2

Students’ own answers

3 1  Students’ own answers 2  No, just briefly and then she moves on to compare them. 3  Which kind of shopping is more successful? or What kind of shopping do you enjoy more?

4

Speculating (when you are not exactly sure what is happening in the photo) Comparing (to compare and contrast two photographs) Using fillers (when you are trying to find a word or need time to think) Describing (to give a general and then more specific description of the photo(s) at the beginning of the speaking exam) Giving opinions (to respond to a task which asks you to state your opinion or preference)

6a

Students’ own answers

6b

Students’ own answers

Developing writing p67 1 1 d  ​​2  e  ​​3  a  ​​4  b  ​​5  f  ​​6  c 2 Students’ own answers

3 1  He is writing to complain to the bank about bad customer service after the cash machine took his card. 2  He wants a new card urgently, without paying bank fees for the issue of this card. 3  If there is no solution, he will consider moving his current account to another bank.

4 2  caused me a great deal of inconvenience  ​​ 3  selected  ​​4  wished  ​​5  sufficient  ​​ 6  informed  ​​7  I shall be forced to 5 ■ Dear Sir or Madam; Yours faithfully, Jonathan Squire ■ I am writing; I am disappointed; I have received; The incident has left; I would also like ■ has caused me a great deal of inconvenience; through no fault of my own; I shall be forced to ■ insert (put in); withdraw (take out); contact (call up) ■ The incident has left me without my debit card and has caused me a great deal of inconvenience. ■ Anderson Street; Sunday 21st December ■ I am writing to complain about; I look forward to hearing from you very soon.

6a

Students’ own answers

6b

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 5 Grammar revision p69 Grammar

1 1  needn’t 2  both correct 3  don’t have to 4  both correct 5 Should 6 mustn’t 2 1  had to talk 2  needn’t have worried 3  mustn’t write 4  ought to have read 5  shouldn’t have lied 6  didn’t need to get 7  don’t have to write

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11 of 25

B2

Student’s Book answer key 3 1 b  ​​2  c  ​​3  a  ​​4  g  ​​5  e  ​​6  d  ​​7  f

Vocabulary revision p69 1 1  refund  ​​2  receipt  ​​3  change  ​​4  value for money  ​​5  sale  ​​6  bargain  ​​7  afford 2 1  g  ​​2  f  ​​3  e  ​​4  a  ​​5  b  ​​6  d  ​​7  c 3 1  Last week we spent a lot of money on lunch in a restaurant. 2  They only spend £500 a month. 3  People are spending less money on holidays abroad this year. 4  The bill reaches a total of £24. 5  I couldn’t get that new game because there weren’t any left. 6  I need to buy something for dinner tonight.

veins and arteries /ˈveɪnz n ˈɑː(r)təriz / – A tube that returns blood to your heart is called a vein. A tube that carries blood away from your heart is called an artery. wrist /rɪst/ – the part of your body between your hand and your arm

2

Suggested answers 1  Someone with a bandaged hand and wrist in a sling 2  A healthy meal/salad 3  An unhealthy meal/junk food 4  A woman with a headache/temperature

3 1 D  ​​2  A  ​​3  B  ​​4  C 4a a balanced  b allergic  c  putting on d addicted  e infection  f prescription   g dislocated  h painful 4b

Unit 6 Vocabulary p70 1 ankle /ˈæŋk(ə)l/ – the part at the bottom of your leg where your foot joins your leg bone /bəʊn/ – one of the hard parts that form a frame inside the body of a human or animal brain /breɪn/ – the organ inside your head that allows you to think and feel, and controls your body chest /tʃest/ – the upper front part of your body between your neck and your stomach chin /tʃɪn/ – the centre of the bottom part of your face, below your mouth and above your neck forehead /ˈfɒrɪd/ – the upper part of your face between your eyes and your hair heart /hɑː(r)t/ – the organ in your chest that makes blood flow around your body heel /hiːl/ – the back part of your foot, below your ankle hip /hɪp/ – one of the two parts at either side of your body between your waist and the top of your legs kidney /ˈkɪdni/ – one of the two organs in your body that clean your blood and remove waste liver /ˈlɪvə(r)/ – the organ in your body that cleans your blood and produces bile (= a liquid that helps your body process fat) lungs /lʌŋz/ – one of the two organs in your chest that fill with air when you breathe skin /skɪn/ – the outer layer of a person’s or animal’s body thigh /θaɪ/ – the top part of your leg, above your knee throat /θrəʊt/ – the area at the back of your mouth and inside your neck toe /təʊ/ – one of the five individual parts at the end of your foot. Your big toe is the largest and your little toe is the smallest tongue /tʌŋ/ – the long soft piece of flesh fixed to the bottom of your mouth that you use for tasting, speaking, etc.

work out – to do physical exercise as a way of keeping fit check-up – a medical examination, especially one taken at regular intervals to verify a normal state of health or discover a disease in its early stages blood pressure – the pressure at which blood flows from your heart around your body. Blood pressure that is either very high or very low can be dangerous to your health. injection – a drug or another substance that is injected into your body relieves – makes pain or another bad physical feeling less unpleasant symptoms – the unpleasant effects of an illness fatty food – food that contains fat processed food – food that has had chemicals or other substances added to it to keep it fresh for a long time high in – have a large amount of in danger of – at risk of obese – too fat, in a way that is dangerous for your health increasing the risk of heart disease – multiplying the possibilities of developing a serious medical condition in your heart a temperature – the feeling of being hot because you are ill dizzy – feeling as if you or the things around you are spinning, especially when you think you are going to fall shivering – shaking slightly, for example, because you are cold or frightened treated – cured got over – recovered from injured myself – did damage to myself/hurt myself twisted – injured a part of your body by bending it in the wrong direction sprained – injured a joint such as your wrist by suddenly stretching or turning it too much fracture – to crack a bone (but not completely break it) break – to crack or separate a bone into two pieces operation – surgical intervention

5a addicted /əˈdɪktɪd/ allergic /əˈlɜː(r)dʒɪk/ balanced /ˈbælənst/ dislocated /ˈdɪsləkeɪtɪd/ infection /ɪnˈfekʃ(ə)n/ painful /ˈpeɪnf(ə)l/ prescription /prɪˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n/ putting on /ˈpʊtɪŋ ɒn/

5b

Students’ own answers

6

Example answers 1  I go to a local gym three times a week. It makes me feel good and I enjoy seeing the changes in my body. 2  I am allergic to peaches. I have to have an injection at the hospital if I eat one accidentally. 3  I injured myself when I was playing hockey. I broke my arm. 4  I’m not afraid of injections, but I don’t like them very much! 5  I don’t feel dizzy when I see blood, but I know a lot of people who do.

Reading p71 1 Students’ own answers

2

A says that ‘drinking eight glasses of water is good’ is a myth. Our bodies adjust, and drinks don’t have to be water. B says action films make you eat more (junk food). C says feeling pain is better than not feeling pain. D says brain freeze is painful but disappears fast.

3 1 F  ​​2  F  ​​3  T  ​​4  T  ​​5  T  ​​6  T 4

Example answers I don’t believe everything I read because a lot of what people say is marketing not science. I always check the website to find out what kind of domain it is (.edu, .gov, .org, .net, .com), as well as finding out who the author is and when the article was published. I check who the organisation is, who is paying for the article and what they want to sell. I try to crosscheck information using at least three independent resources if I have a doubt. I ask myself about authority, objectivity and reliability.

5

adjusts = to change something slightly in order to make it better sponsored = paid for as a way to advertise products or services marketing = the ways in which a company encourages people to buy its products lack = a situation in which you do not have any, or enough, of something that you need or want

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12 of 25

B2

Student’s Book answer key 9

disorder = an illness or medical condition prevents us from = to stop us from doing something roof (of mouth) = the hard top part of the inside of your mouth

Suggested answers 1  your computer breaks down. 2  she finishes all her homework. 3  he hears you. 4  you are over 18. 5  I am sensible. 6  the TV is switched off.

6

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context pp72–73

Developing vocabulary p73

1a 1  zero conditional 2  second conditional 3  first conditional 1b

1a a  2  ​​b 4 1b 1  c  ​​2  g  ​​3  b  ​​4  e  ​​5  a  ​​6  f  ​​7  d 2 1  back on your feet  ​​2  keeps in shape  ​​ 3  pull through  ​​4  black out  ​​5  under

zero conditional: 3, 5 first conditional: 2, 4 second conditional: 1, 6

2

the weather

Suggested answers 1  If you drink too much coffee, your heart beats really fast. 2  If you never do any exercise, you are unfit. 3  If you only sleep a few hours a night, you get sick. 4  If you eat a lot of junk food, you risk your health. 5  If you sit in front of a computer all day, you get bad eyesight.

3 1  If I were/was the prime minister, I would

ban junk food. 2  We’ll go to the concert if the tickets aren’t too expensive./ We’d go to the concert if tickets weren’t too expensive 3 correct 4 What will you do if it rains all day tomorrow? 5  If I had a million pounds, I’d travel around the world. 6  If you mix blue and yellow, you get green. 7 correct 8  What will you do if you lose the match?/ What would you do if you lost the match?

4 1  would, live  ​​2  had  ​​3  go  ​​ 4  would, meet 5a Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills pp74–75 1 Students’ own answers

2

Short-term benefits of healthy eating: appearance (skin, hair), energy Long-term benefits of healthy eating: prevent chronic diseases British teenagers eat too much/many…:, saturated fats, added sugars British teenagers eat too little/few…: dietary fibre, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, calcium, magnesium, etc.

3 1  slightly better 2  teenage girls 3  children from families with higher incomes 4  none 5  No, it is highest in socially deprived children. 6  School needs to highlight the importance of good nutrition and provide healthy food and drink in schools 7  Quite positive – there have been improvements, but there is still room for improvement

6

5b

Students’ own answers

3 1 keep  ​​2  out  ​​3  down  ​​4  under 4

6 a  unless  b  Provided/Providing that, As long as  c  in case 7 1  in case  ​​2  as long as  ​​3  unless  ​​ 4  as long as  ​​5  providing  ​​6  in case  ​​ 7  as long as 8 1  unless you want to lose  ​​2  provided (that) you bring  ​​3  if I were/was tall  ​​ 4  if you don’t switch it  ​​5  as long as you promise  ​​6  unless I meant  ​​7  would go if I were/was  ​​8  in case it

Sam: (healthy options at uni) fruit and vegetables at cafés, no posters or campaigns; (UK government) campaigns for younger children; (encourage healthy eating) change school menu, water more available Vanessa: (healthy options at uni) salad bar in Students’ Union but next to fast-food place; (UK government) schools and canteens more healthy options, students – limited budget, unhealthy foods; (encourage healthy eating) try something new, exotic fruits Bea: (healthy options at uni) fresh produce, salads; (UK government) sugar tax, dentists, supermarkets, conflicted agenda; (encourage healthy eating) change general attitude, good relationship with food

Chris: (healthy options at uni) fast-food chains; (UK government) individual’s own choice; (encourage healthy eating) knowledge about what’s in food

Listening p76 1 a  scuba diving  b  surfing  c  pilates/gym 2 Speaker 1: swimming Speaker 2: basketball Speaker 3: water sports Speaker 4: pilates Speaker 5: diving 3 Speaker 1: D Speaker 2: F Speaker 3: C Speaker 4: E Speaker 5: A 4 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context pp76–77 1 1  past perfect  ​​2  would (not) have + present perfect  ​​3  the past 2 1  ’d practised  ​​2  would have become  ​​ 3  ’d been  ​​4  would have got  ​​ 5  hadn’t explained  ​​6  wouldn’t have learnt  ​​ 7  ’d injured 3 1  She wouldn’t have caught a cold if she hadn’t gone running in the rain. 2  If I had known how to play tennis properly, I wouldn’t have injured myself last week. 3  The stadium would have been full if the match had been important. 4  She would have won the race if she hadn’t twisted her ankle. 5  If we had drunk water before the race, we wouldn’t have been so thirsty. 6  If the sun had shone, we would have swum in the sea. 7  If he had needed extra vitamins, he would have taken them.

4 2  If he’d had enough time yesterday, he

would have done sport./He would have done sport yesterday if he’d had enough time. 3  If she hadn’t got up late, she wouldn’t have missed the bus./She wouldn’t have missed the bus if she hadn’t got up late. 4  If the water hadn’t been cold, I would have swum./I would have swum if the water hadn’t been cold. 5  If we’d had rackets, we would have played./ We would have played if we’d had rackets. 6  If I’d had some sun cream, I would have sunbathed./I would have sunbathed if I’d had some sun cream. 7  If he hadn’t been afraid of water, he would have learnt to surf./He would have learnt to surf if he hadn’t been afraid of water.

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13 of 25

B2

Student’s Book answer key 8  If her knee hadn’t hurt, she would have

5

gone for a run./She would have gone for a run if her knee hadn’t hurt.

Introducing and sequencing arguments Firstly, Adding arguments What is more, Furthermore, In addition, Making contrasts On the other hand, despite … However, Expressing consequences As a result, Expressing opinions I think that Concluding All in all,

5 1  the past perfect  ​​2  about a past situation  ​​ 3  the past simple  ​​4  a present situation  ​​ 5  would + infinitive  ​​6  habitual behaviour that we want to change

6 1  had gone  ​​2  would listen  ​​3  knew  ​​ 4  would make  ​​5  had seen  ​​6  had 7 a  only  b  hadn’t  c  wouldn’t  d  Unless e  didn’t  f  long  g  wouldn’t  h  take 8 1  I wish I was/were on a beach right now. 2  I wish you wouldn’t interrupt me when I’m talking. 3  If only I had studied more last night. 4  correct 5 correct 6  If only I could pass my exams without studying.

6

Students’ own answers

7

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 6

9a

Students’ own answers

9b

Grammar revision p81

Students’ own answers

1 1  wouldn’t eat (second conditional) 2  had known (third conditional) 3  would have called (third conditional) 4  is (zero conditional) 5  Will, give (first conditional) 6  had gone (third conditional) 7  will, tell (first conditional) 8  would get (second conditional) 2 1  They’ll let you in providing that you have

Developing speaking p78 1 See Exam success (Speaking: Negotiating and collaborating) on page 144.

2

Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

4a a  choice  b  choose  c  best  d  better e  Let’s 4b See Speaking bank on page 26.

5

Students’ own answers

Developing writing p79 1 Example answers The photo shows a stressed-out woman eating fast food, speaking on the phone, and driving, all at the same time. It shows the stress of modern life and how people need to do too many things.

2

Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

4a 1 Paragraph 1: Introduce the topic Paragraph 2: Arguments for Paragraph 3: Arguments against Paragraph 4: Conclusion 2  In for-and-against essays, the arguments are objective and equally balanced. An opinion essay is subjective as you only give your side of the argument.

your ID card. 2  Take your mobile phone in case you need to call me. 3  We will win the match provided we do our best. 4  They won’t need Danny in the team unless someone is ill. 5  We’ll be able to make sandwiches as long as Kate remembers to bring the bread. 6  You won’t finish in time unless you hurry.

3 1  I wish I was/were fit. 2  I wish my sister would take less time in the bathroom. 3  If only I’d bought the concert tickets yesterday. 4  If only my parents would let me have parties at home. 5  I wish I hadn’t eaten such a big lunch. 6  I wish I wasn’t/weren’t allergic to cats.

Vocabulary revision p81 1 1hip  ​​2  lungs  ​​3  thigh  ​​4  kidney  ​​ 5  brain  ​​6  forehead  ​​7  tongue 2 1 dizzy  ​​2  allergic to  ​​3  prescription  ​​ 4  pressure  ​​5  fractured  ​​6  over  ​​ 7  relieve

3 1  pulled  ​​2  weather  ​​3  shape  ​​4  top  ​​ 5  down  ​​6  feet

Speaking p82 1 To describe: at the top, in the background To compare and contrast: in both photos, whereas To speculate: can’t be, might have To give personal opinion: personally

2

Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

4

Students’ own answers

5

Example answers Personally, I like the second photo more than the first. I prefer going away for the weekend for long walks or climbs more than just being lazy on a beach. I love water sports and the sea and I’d love to learn how to windsurf. I think yoga makes you feel calm and peaceful, but I would prefer to do windsurfing.

Listening p82 6 Students’ own answers

7 a  minerals  b  might  c  ten/10   d  dehydrates  e  basketball  f  drivers g  teaspoons  h  Taurine  i  waste  j  diet 8 a  minerals  b  might  c  ten  d  dehydrates e  basketball  f  drivers  g  teaspoons   h  Taurine  i  waste  j  diet

Writing p83 9a 1 for  ​​2  against  ​​3  for  ​​4  against 9b Students’ own answers

10

Paragraph 1: State the topic of the essay using general statements Paragraph 2: Make points for (or against) Paragraph 3: Make points against (or for) Paragraph 4: Conclusion – restate the most important arguments and give your own opinion

11

Students’ own answers

Use of English p83 12 1  unless I really needed  ​​ 2  wish I’d drunk  ​​ 3  provided (that) you eat   ​​4  ’d better not go  ​​ 5  were allowed to drink  ​​ 6  picked up some orange juice  ​​ 7  look under the weather  ​​ 8  as long as you come

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14 of 25

B2

Student’s Book answer key 5

Unit 7 Vocabulary p84 1  Example answers Music: alternative, blues, classical, country, dance, folk, funk, heavy metal, hip hop, house, indie, jazz, pop, punk, rap, rock, ska, soul, techno, world Films: action, adventure, animated, biographical, comedy, crime, documentary, drama, fantasy, historical, horror, martial arts, musical, mystery, romance, science fiction, sports, spy, thriller, war, western.

2 a gig  ​​b  live  ​​c stage  ​​d  crowd   ​​e recorded  ​​f tracks  ​​g lighting  ​​h lyrics  ​​ i  starred  ​​j role  ​​k performance  ​​l  acting  ​​ m plot  ​​n scene  ​​o  soundtrack 3 1  gig  ​​2  lyrics  ​​3  live  ​​4  crowd  ​​ 5  tracks  ​​6  scene  ​​7  record  ​​ 8  soundtrack 4 1 download  ​​2  stream  ​​3  live streams  ​​ 4  mobile device  ​​5  purchase  ​​ 6  file-sharing sites  ​​7  peer-to-peer  ​​ 8  transfer 5 Students’ own answers

Reading p85 1 Students’ own answers

2

legal streaming of songs because songwriters aren’t paid fairly for their songs which are streamed

3 1  Power to capture people’s emotions

master his craft = become good at the skill needed for his profession high-end = more expensive and more advanced devalued = reduce the value spins = in radio broadcasting, a spin is a single play of a song royalties = a payment that someone such as a writer or musician gets each time their work is sold or performed is it any wonder that = an expression that means that something isn’t surprising or that the following conclusion is obvious. You can replace it with ‘I think it’s obvious why …’ given way to = to be replaced by something, especially something newer or better imbalanced = unevenly or unfairly arranged

6

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context pp86–87 1 1  The tense of the verbs usually goes one tense ‘back’ in reported speech. Some tenses cannot go any further back and stay the same. 2  If the reporting verb is in the present simple or present perfect (i.e. He says/He has said), the tense does not change. 3  I changes to he in the reported speech. 4  When we use say, we do not need a personal object to say who you are saying something to. With tell, we must use a personal object to say who we are saying something to. 5  No, we do not always need to use that after say and tell.

2

and imaginations, to transcend traditional barriers of age, language and culture, and to generate positive social change. 2  She wants to be fairly paid for her work. 3  They have more control over their work. 4  It was the most streamed song on Spotify and 13th most played song on Pandora. 5  Streaming services make big profits, but songwriters don’t. 6  Buy albums and encourage streaming services to respect the value of song writing.

4

Example answers I don’t agree with Aloe Blacc’s arguments. Artists and musicians make enough money as it is, and downloading a few songs won’t hurt them much. True fans will still buy their albums or support them in other ways. People already download music for free, so let’s just leave it as it is. I agree with Aloe Blacc. Music isn’t going to be around much longer. I wouldn’t like to work and not get paid. When we download music for free we are essentially doing this to the musician. We are, in effect, stealing their music.

6 1  Yes, they do. 2  No, we don’t. 3  Yes, the subject goes before the verb in reported questions (i.e. normal word order). 4  No, reported questions are not real questions and therefore do not need question marks. 5  Questions that do not begin with a question word are reported by using ask + if/whether.

7

Olivia wanted to know if Tom had ever been to a music festival. Tom said he had and that he had been to one the previous year. Olivia asked who had been the best band. Tom told her that he had really enjoyed the Foo Fighters and that he was going to see them again later that year. Olivia said she might go if it wasn’t too expensive. She asked him when they were playing. Tom said he thought the concert would be in July and asked her if she was going to able to go. Olivia said she thought so. She told him that she had been saving up money to go to the US, but she still hadn’t got enough. Tom wanted to know when Olivia thought she would be able to go. Olivia said she was probably going to go the following year and that she would love to go to a festival there.

8a

Students’ own answers

8b

Students’ own answers

8c

Students’ own answers

Most tenses move one tense back, but some tenses (i.e. past perfect/would) can’t go any further back and stay the same. 1  past continuous  ​​2  past perfect  ​​ 3  past perfect continuous  ​​4  past perfect  ​​ 5  past perfect  ​​6  would  ​​7  would  ​​ 8  could  ​​9  might  ​​10  had to

3 1 there  ​​2  that day  ​​3  the day before  ​​ 4  the next/following day  ​​5  that night  ​​ 6  the following (week/month/year)  ​​ 7  the previous (week/month/year)   ​​8  a (week/month/year) before 4 1 said  ​​2  said  ​​3  told  ​​4  told  ​​5  said  ​​ 6  said 5 1  Steve says (that) he never buys DVDs. 2  Sam told us (that) we had to leave if we wanted to get to the cinema on time. 3  Emma said (that) those books were hers. 4  Alicia said (that) she was going to record a new album. 5  Juliet said (that) the crowd had been screaming throughout the concert. 6  Dave told Simon (that) he would see him the next day.

Developing vocabulary p87 1 Nouns: download, file-sharing, marketplace, songwriter, soundtrack Adjectives: brand-new, fast-moving, thought-provoking

2

In compound nouns, the stress usually falls on the first word. For compound adjectives, we usually pronounce both parts with equal stress. download, file-sharing, marketplace, songwriter, soundtrack brand-new, fast-moving, thought-provoking

3 1 c  ​​2  b  ​​3  g  ​​4  h  ​​5  f  ​​6  e  ​​7  d  ​​ 8  a 4 1 blockbuster  ​​2  outcome  ​​3  pageturner  ​​4  drawback  ​​5  feedback  ​​6  box office  ​​7  turnout  ​​8  screenplay

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B2

Student’s Book answer key Gateway to 21st century skills pp88 and 89

2 1  Superfans are people who devote most of their time to their passion. 2  Very important – they would be nothing without the passion of their fans. 3  Sarah M is the world’s most famous superfan.

1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3 1 f  ​​2  c  ​​3  a  ​​4  d  ​​5  g  ​​6  h  ​​ 7  b  ​​8  e 4 b  Some examples of successful projects

3 1  F  ​​2  T  ​​3  F  ​​4  T  ​​5  NM  ​​6  T  ​​ 7  NM  ​​8  F  ​​9  T  ​​10  NM 4

include a video game and a digital music player. c  Crowdfunding can work well for albums, books, films, video games, new technology, or even charities. d  The artist or creator can make the item as they want to make it without commercial pressures, for example. e  You have to decide what you want to achieve and offer in return, and then you can make a video explaining the project and the rewards. f  A way to raise money for a project from a large number of people, usually via the Internet. g  They usually get rewards, and they feel part of the project. h  It’s very successful – in 2013 it was worth over $5.1 billion.

5

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

7

He used crowdfunding to fund a short film that he had written. Eighty people (backers) were involved in funding his project

8 1  He chose the host for his campaign

because it was the biggest and most well-known host, and it offered international backers. 2  The money was mainly used for hiring equipment and locations, and actors. 3  James’s crowdfunding video was a simple and personal video of James talking directly to the camera. 4  It was a very effective video because James reached his target of £3,500. 5  If he did it again, he would have allowed more time for getting all the information ready before beginning the crowdfunding campaign. 6  Yes, he does. Because you get to keep creative control of the project and there aren’t many other ways to get the funding.

Listening p90 1 Suggested answers The photo shows a group of fans holding out paper and pens for a celebrity to sign their autograph. Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context pp90–91 1a Reporting verbs that have a person: warn, remind Reporting verbs that don’t have a person: explain, claim

1b

explain – to tell someone something in a way that helps them understand it better warn – to make someone conscious of a possible problem or danger so that they will not be hurt remind – to help someone to remember something that they have forgotten or not considered claim – to say that something is true, even though there is no definite proof

2a a announced  ​​b  claimed  ​​c agreed  ​​ d admitted  ​​e  added  ​​f complained  ​​ g warned  ​​h promised 2b b  ‘Critics have destroyed my career.’ c  ‘I deserve criticism for my last film.’ d  ‘I didn’t put much effort into the role.’ e  ‘And it was made too quickly.’ f  ‘Critics have been making personal insults about me in their reviews.’ g  ‘I will do something if they continue.’ h  ‘I will take legal action against them.’

3 1  Tom complained that the film was too short. 2  Andy admitted that he wasn’t very good at remembering film titles. 3  Danny promised that he would remember to give me my DVD back. 4  The Prime Minister announced that the government was going to spend more money on the arts. 5  Jack claimed that he hadn’t known it was illegal to download the film. 6  Kate warned Josh that it was dangerous to sit too close to the screen. 7  Jamie reminded Dave that the match started at 7 pm.

4a 1 refuse  ​​2  ask  ​​3  suggest  ​​ 4  apologise for  ​​5  criticise somebody for 4b Students’ own answers

5 1 seeing  ​​2  arriving  ​​3  for watching  ​​ 4  to go  ​​5  not to tell  ​​6  liking  ​​7  to buy  ​​ 8  knowing 6 1  Connor apologised to Emma for not waiting for her. 2  She warned Ashley not to come that way because it was dangerous. 3  She accused Ella of taking the book from the library. 4  Elizabeth promised to tell her mum exactly what had happened. 5  Taylor denied taking the CD. 6  William’s dad told him not to go out with his friends that weekend. 7  Cathy and Lucas agreed to help Lara with her homework the next day. 8  The actor refused to let them take his photo.

7

Example answers 1  Once somebody accused me of taking something in a shop. 2  I once refused to go to school. 3  When I was small, my parents insisted on visiting my relatives every week. 4  Once I promised to cook dinner for my mum. 5  If you want to take up a new hobby, I suggest you join the sports club. 6  Somebody once congratulated me on scoring a goal in a football match. 7  My parents have always warned me not to walk home alone at night. 8  At school, they always tell you to work harder.

8

Students’ own answers

Developing speaking p92 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3

Girl: films don’t give enough importance to women; the movie business needs more female writers and directors; female stars can be just as successful as male stars; examples are Sandra Bullock in Gravity and Anne Hathaway in Interstellar. Boy: agrees that there are not enough female heroes in films, but he thinks the situation is changing e.g. The Hunger Games. They should use the test to evaluate a new film when writing the screenplay.

4

Giving emphasis Don’t forget that … There’s no doubt in my mind that … I really do think that … I’m totally convinced that … You can’t deny that …

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Student’s Book answer key Giving examples For instance, Take …, for example What about the case of …? Look at … You only have to

Language checkpoint: Unit 7 Grammar revision p95 1 1  he wasn’t able to  ​​2  me I had to  ​​ 3  was on TV that night  ​​4  that he had not passed  ​​5  was sure those were their  ​​ 6  maybe they had made 2 1  Charlie asked Holly where she had just

5

Students’ own answers

6a

Students’ own answers

6b

Students’ own answers

6c

Students’ own answers

Developing writing p93 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3

Paragraph 1: introduction; facts about the book and overview Paragraph 2: plot Paragraph 3: opinion Paragraph 4: summary and recommendation

4

The use of adjectives good is limited and repeated.

Vocabulary revision p95

Students’ own answers

5b

Most are positive. The negative adjectives are: awful, clichéd, predictable, scary (could be positive), stupid, terrible, unconvincing, uninspiring

6

Suggested answer Legend is a really amazing book for teenagers written by an American writer called Marie Lu. The plot of the story is very gripping because you’re never really sure what is going to happen next. One clever thing about the book is both June and Day are narrators, so you know exactly what each of them think. There are some convincing scenes where June and Day’s feelings for each other change and the plot takes lots of spectacular turns that you don’t expect. In my opinion, this book is really appealing for teenagers because there is action and romance, but it also makes perceptive points about loyalty to family, friends and your country. I also like the brilliant descriptions of how our world might be in the future. If you’re a fan of stories that combine action, realistic characters and vivid descriptions, you’ll love Legend. Students’ own answers

7b

Students’ own answers

7c

Students’ own answers

3 a  promised to do  ​​b  accused one man of making  ​​c  refused to answer  ​ d admitted doing  ​​e  confessed to copying  ​​ f  apologised for causing  ​​g  told him not to do it

5a

7a

been. 2  He asked Jo if she wanted to go out that night. 3  Lucy asked the boy if he could speak English. 4  Dave wondered if it would rain the following week. 5  Sophie wanted to know how they had done that stunt. 6  Grace asked Jack if he was going to buy a car. 7  Mum asked us what we had been doing that morning.

1 1  live  ​​2  scene  ​​3  lyrics  ​​4  starred  ​​ 5  stage  ​​6  role 2 1  c, noun  ​​2  f, noun  ​​3  a, adjective  ​​ 4  g, noun  ​​5  b, adjective  ​​6  e, noun  ​​ 7  d, noun 3 1  live stream  ​​2  mobile device  ​​ 3  transfer  ​​4  stream, download  ​​ 5  purchase  ​​6  file-sharing sites

Unit 8 Vocabulary p96 1a a earthquake  ​​b landslide  ​​c  flood  ​​ d  volcanic eruption  ​​e drought 1b 1  epidemic /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ 2  tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ 3  avalanche /ˈævəˌlɑːntʃ/ 4  forest fire /ˈfɒrɪst ˈfaɪə(r)/ 5  hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ 2 avalanche, drought, earthquake, epidemic, flood, forest fire, hurricane, landslide, tsunami, volcanic eruption

3

Suggested answers avalanches: snowy mountainous regions, e.g. the Alps droughts: usually happen between 15 and 20 degrees latitude

tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes: 80–90% of these happen in the Pacific Ocean’s ‘Ring of Fire’ epidemics: can occur anywhere, but most likely to occur in countries with poor health and hygiene standards floods: most common in countries with monsoons (periods of very heavy rainfall) such as India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka forest fires: common in the western USA and Australia, sometimes in Mediterranean countries hurricanes: the Atlantic Ocean (these same tropical storms are known as cyclones in the northern Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, and as typhoons in the western Pacific Ocean) landslides: can occur anywhere in the world, but they are most likely to happen in places at the bases of steep slopes, at the bases of drainage channels and on developed hillsides

4

casualties – people who are injured or killed in an accident or military action aftershock – a small earthquake (= occasion when the Earth shakes) that happens after a bigger one victims – people who have been affected by a bad situation, such as an accident or an illness survivors – people who are still alive after an event that could have killed or destroyed them injuries – physical damage done to a person or a part of their body collapsing – suddenly falling down put out – to make something stop burning tremors – movements in the Earth caused by an earthquake ash – the grey powder that remains after something has burnt molten lava – rock in the form of hot liquid heading towards – moving in the direction of panic – a sudden strong feeling of fear or worry that makes you unable to think clearly or calmly spreading – affecting more people as it is passed from one person or place to another refugees – people who leave their country or their homes, especially during a war or other threatening event torrential (rain) – rain that falls fast and in large amounts swept across – moved or spread quickly through an area burst their banks – if a river bursts its banks, water rises above its sides and spreads over the surrounding area evacuated – made to leave a building or area because it is not safe mud – very soft wet earth destruction – damage that is so severe that something stops existing or can never return to its normal state

5 1 evacuate  ​​2  sweeping  ​​3  heading  ​​ 4  spreading  ​​5  ash  ​​6  survivors

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Student’s Book answer key 6

4  I have been given information about 1

2

3

Type of disaster

landslide

forest fires

tsunami caused by earthquake

Where

north-east Peru

Spain

Samoa

Casualties

28 people dead 25 people missing 50 people injured

four firefighters dead

none

Damage

120 houses

serious damage to many houses

no material damage

7

Grammar in context pp98–99

Students’ own answers

1a 1  Yes, they are all passive. 2  a  past simple passive (was/were + past

Reading p97 2 1  a Survival Capsule 2  to increase the chance of survivors being able to survive a tsunami; to protect people from both fire and flood

3 1  b (… had evacuation towers … The

tsunami was much higher than expected …) 2  c (… many coastal areas with beaches have a similar landscape, with long, gradual slopes … it’s impossible to get to sufficiently high ground fast enough.) 3  b (… (PSS) is designed to protect survivors not only in tsunamis, but also in hurricanes, earthquakes and tornadoes. … There are currently five versions of the capsule. They range in size from a basic two-person model … to one capable of holding ten adults …) 4  b (If the sea rises, the line tying the capsule to the ground gets longer.) 5  c (This is a small price to pay if, as Sharpe hopes, the Survival Capsules increase people’s chances of surviving the next tsunami.)

4

Example answers I think a Survival Capsule is a good idea because it can save lives in many types of disastrous situations. I think it’s a bad idea, because you can get trapped in the capsule. I also think they are very expensive and many people will not be able to afford to buy one.

5

in anticipation of = if you do something in anticipation of an event, you expect it to happen and you prepare yourself for it slopes = a straight surface that has one end higher than the other range in size = vary in size debris = the broken pieces that are left when something large has been destroyed, especially by an explosion, fire or accident storage = space where things can be stored recedes = moves back from a high point or level

6

Students’ own answers

participle) b  present simple modal passive (modal + be + past participle) c  present simple passive (am/is/are + past participle) d  present perfect passive (have + been + past participle) 3  subject + (modal) + be + past participle (+ by + agent) 4  by introduces the agent of an action, i.e. the person or the thing that does the action.

1b 1  T  ​​2  T  ​​3  T 2 1  was hit  ​​2  have been destroyed  ​​ 3  will be controlled  ​​4  be seen  ​​ 5  is measured  ​​6  be built  ​​7  were not warned

surviving earthquakes by my teacher. 5  Perhaps the casualties will be offered medical help. 6  She was told the news when she arrived. 7  The refugees are not going to be refused entrance into the country. 8  The scientists have been promised money for research by the government.

7

Students’ own answers

8

Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary p99 1 1  on  ​​2  from 2 1 to  ​​2  with  ​​3  in  ​​4  on  ​​5  for  ​​ 6  about  ​​7  of  ​​8  for  ​​9  to  ​​10  on 3 Example answers 1  I occasionally spend money on designer clothes. 2  I hate waiting for the bus. 3  For the future, I dream of travelling around Peru. 4  I know I can rely on my family and friends. 5  I never listen to heavy metal. 6  Once I had to apologise for being late for school. 7  I nearly always agree with what that TV presenter says. 8  I don’t usually complain about having a headache.

3 1  Some areas of Africa have been affected

4

by a terrible drought./Some areas of Africa are being affected by a terrible drought. 2  Twenty people were saved in the mountains by a rescue team yesterday. 3  A huge landslide hit a small town in Peru last week. 4  Some people think that one day the Earth will be destroyed by a big meteorite. 5  Our house was damaged by torrential rain last year. 6  More hurricanes have been predicted for this summer. 7  Have any people been injured in the fire? 8  In rescue situations I think children must be helped first.

Gateway to life skills pp100–101

4a

Students’ own answers

4b

It is more common to use the person (the indirect object) as the subject of passive sentences – 2b.

5 1 a  ​​2  b  ​​3  a  ​​4  b  ​​5  b 6 2  The president of the company was paid $40,000 for two Survival Capsules. 3  The survivors are being offered financial aid.

Students’ own answers

1 Students’ own answers

2 1  Ebola is a haemorrhagic fever. It is highly infectious and deadly, so patients need to be treated in isolation by staff wearing special protective clothing. 2  MSF has set up three specialised treatment centres in the worst-hit areas. 3  In the rest of the poster, there will be detailed information about how the treatment centres are set up.

3 1  (see text on poster) 2  Purple route = high-risk zone for

confirmed cases: On the purple route, staff change into protective clothing, enter the wards in the high-risk zone to monitor suspected cases and treat confirmed cases in the treatment wards. They then leave the high-risk zone and go to the laundry, to wash and recycle their clothes. 3  They want people to know that the special equipment is a significant cost and they want people to know what they are going to buy with their donations.

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Student’s Book answer key 4  The poster helps people understand

7  T (… her organisation has become a

how complex treating Ebola is, what the process involves and to visualise how donations will be used.

specialist in helping out two or three months after a disaster strikes.) 8  NM (There is no reference to this in the listening text.)

4 1  Staff are not allowed to touch each other to prevent infection. 2  They plan exactly what they are going to do and what equipment they need. 3  They remove their suits and disinfect themselves. 4  To prevent the spread of Ebola to people who have other diseases with similar symptoms. 5  They have to have had two negative lab tests in a row, they shower in chlorinated water and receive clean clothes and a food/vitamin pack. 6  They continue to get support from psychologists and health promoters.

5

Example answer I think it is a successful poster because it is very informative on a general and specific level about what Ebola is and how it can be cured,

6

Sam: - Bea: a, c, d Vanessa: a, b Chris: a, d

7

Sam: spent a day raising money for an environmental charity at his school, sold cakes, held events, a fun day Bea: has done a lot of fundraising for different charities, cancer and disaster charities, organised fun runs and cake schools with her school, a few summers of door-to-door fundraising, fantastic Vanessa: a fundraising event for a health charity, children from local village did a bake sale and put on a performance Chris: dressed in fancy dress with a few friends and sung Christmas carols in a local shop, a lot of fun, raised quite a lot of money for a care home for the elderly

Listening p102 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3 1  T (Her friend’s body was only found three months later.) 2  T (The idea of this organisation is to rebuild schools in areas around the world …) 3  T (It’s thought that Tilly saved around a hundred lives …) 4  NM (The text says that Petra’s known to have been very impressed by Tilly, but it doesn’t say that she has met her.) 5  F (She uses her status as a supermodel to get support from big companies that work in the world of beauty and fashion.) 6  NM (There is no reference to this in the listening text.)

4 1  (She was … with a friend of hers …) 5  F (Petra uses her contacts in beauty and fashion to raise money.)

Grammar in context pp102–103 1a 1  It is the subject in the first part of these sentences. 2  We use the passive in the first part of the sentence because we want to make a general statement about people’s views, beliefs or opinions. 3  The different tense shows if we are talking about a present or past belief, thought, claim, expectation or knowledge.

5 a  have died  ​​b  it was  ​​c reported  ​​ d  thought  ​​e  Some animals are known  ​​ f  that animals are  ​​g is  ​​h claimed 6 Example answers 1  People from my country are said to have a good sense of humour. 2  It’s well known that eating too much salt is bad for your health. 3  In the past, it was believed that the sun revolved around the Earth. 4  Last week in the news it was reported that the number of robberies had gone up. 5  Students are expected to do their homework. 6  Sometimes I’m known to be a bit forgetful.

7

Students’ own answers

1b

Developing speaking p104

believe – to think that a fact is true claim – to say that something is true, even though there is no definite proof expect – to think that something will happen know – to have learnt or found out about something report – to provide information about something that exists or has happened say – to think something, or to have a particular opinion think – to believe something based on facts or ideas

1 1 T  ​​2  F  ​​3  T  ​​4  T  ​​5  T  ​​6  F 2a

2 2  It was thought that the Earth was flat. 3  It is claimed that natural disasters are

becoming more frequent. 4  It has been said that an asteroid will destroy the world one day. 5  It is expected that a big volcano will erupt in Iceland soon. 6  It is known that volcanic ash can have a terrible effect on planes. 7  It was reported that people heard the eruption of Krakatoa over 3,000km away. 8  It is said that one day an enormous earthquake with strike Los Angeles.

3 1  T  ​​2  T  ​​3  T  ​​4  T  ​​5  T 4 1  Toads are said to sense earthquakes. 2  Bees are known to be very important for the environment. 3  Global warming is claimed to be responsible for many natural disasters. 4  Many people were reported to have gone missing after the eruption. 5  The Titanic was believed to have been unsinkable. 6  Everest wasn’t known to be the highest mountain until 1852. 7  Pompeii is said to be the one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy. 8  A meteorite is believed to have caused the extinction of dinosaurs.

Students’ own answers

2b 1  25%  ​​2  1/5  ​​3  1/10  ​​4  2/3  ​​5  50%  ​​ 6  4/5 3 rose gradually – went up slowly a sharp increase – a very quick rise tripled – multiplied by three fell sharply – went down quickly and by a large amount a slight increase – a small rise fluctuated – changed frequently stayed the same – did not change a dramatic rise – a large increase a significant decrease – an important fall

4 1  rise, increase 2  rise significant(ly)/sharp(ly)/dramatic(ally) 3  fall significant(ly)/sharp(ly)/dramatic(ally) 4  a third 5  steadily 6  significant 7  significant(ly), sharp(ly), dramatic(ally) 8  the majority 5a Suggested answer The pie chart shows different types of natural disasters. If we relate the effects of these disasters to the population of a place, we can say that over one third of people were affected by storms. Over one quarter of people were affected by droughts and a similar number of people were affected by floods. Over one in twenty people were affected by earthquakes. Only about three in every hundred people were affected by extreme temperatures and just over one per cent by epidemics

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Student’s Book answer key 5b Suggested answer This graph shows how the number of floods around the world rose gradually between 1980 and 1999. Then there was a sharp increase in the number of floods between 2000 and 2003. Between 2000 and 2004, the number of floods increased by over 50%. In 2004 there was a significant decrease, but in 2005, the number of floods rose sharply. The highest point was in 2006 when there were over 200 floods around the world. The number of floods then dropped and fluctuated between 2006 and 2008.

5c

Students’ own answers

Developing writing p105 1 Students’ own answers

2 2  I was given a camera for my birthday. They gave me a camera for my birthday. 3  They are being shown a film about natural disasters. They are showing them a film about natural disasters. 4  Young children are often told stories by their parents. Parents often tell their young children stories. 5  The actor has been paid a million dollars. They have paid the actor a million dollars. 6  I was lent some money by my sister. My sister lent me some money. 7  We were taught mathematics by a new teacher. A new teacher taught us mathematics. 8  He has been offered a job by the government. The government has offered him a job.

3 1  It is often claimed that Paris is one of

2

Students’ own answers

3

Paragraph 1: Introduction. General statement on the topic and opinion Paragraph 2: First and most important reason for opinion Paragraphs 3 and 4: One or two other reasons for opinion Paragraph 5: Summary and conclusion. Restate opinion

4

Expressing opinions: In my opinion, I believe that Adding ideas: What is more, Another thing to bear in mind is that, Furthermore Putting ideas in order: The first point to make is that Contrasting ideas: However, Although Concluding: In conclusion

5

Students’ own answers

6a

Students’ own answers

6b

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 8 Grammar revision p107 1 1  The boy and girl were rescued by a boat. 2  The damaged towers are going to be rebuilt by a Japanese company. 3  A famous architect had designed the airport. 4  The port won’t have been destroyed by the waves. 5  The awards are being presented by Petra N˘emcová tonight. 6  A report should have been written about the catastrophe. 7  A local politician might open the school.

2  a (On the Monday we contacted all those on our Volcano Hotline and started making travel plans for those wanting to see the eruption.) 3  a (Ten days later I found myself on a plane bound for Keflavik with two of my children Ben (16) and Gemma (13) – we had also been bitten by the volcano bug.) 4  b (Just after lunch the next day we took one of the helicopters based at the hotel for the most amazing flight I have ever experienced in my life.) 5  b (All too soon it was time to go and the helicopter returned to collect us.) 6  b (Driving Superjeeps is an Icelandic art and our driver, Ragnar, was both skilled and great company.)

Listening p109 3 1  F (It’s basically a private jet company. …

the most beautiful cities in the world./Paris is often claimed to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world. 2  Galileo Galilei is said to have invented the telescope. 3  An accident was reported to have started the fire./The fire was reported to have been started by an accident. 4  Avalanches are said to be caused by loud noises. 5  A long time ago the Moon was believed to be made of cheese 6  The eruption of Krakatoa is thought to have turned the skies orange in 1883.

you hire a plane…) 2  NM 3  T 4  NM 5  T 6  T 7  F (They promise to supply you with generator-produced electricity … So that if you have a business, you can keep it running despite the storm.)

Vocabulary revision p107

6

1 1  If water floods a place, it covers it. 2  a situation in which a disease spreads very quickly and infects many people 3  a heavy fall of earth and rocks down the side of a mountain or steep slope 4  a long period of time when there is little or no rain and crops die 5  when a large area of land and trees is burnt

2 1 torrential  ​​2  casualty  ​​3  put out  ​​ 4  spread  ​​5  head towards  ​​6  evacuate  ​​ 7  collapse  ​​8  ash 3 1 e  ​​2  b  ​​3  d/g  ​​4  a  ​​5  f  ​​6  c  ​​ 7  d/g

Gateway to exams: Units 7–8 Reading p108 1 Students’ own answers

2 1  b (By 9 o’clock on Sunday morning our team was in the office, making sure everyone travelling with us in Iceland and those who were about to travel were fully briefed on the situation.)

4

Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers Students’ own answers

7

Giving emphasis: You have to remember that …; I really do think that …; You can’t deny that … Giving examples: Take …, for instance; You only have to think of …

8

Students’ own answers

9

Students’ own answers

Unit 9 Vocabulary p110 1 1  f dishwasher – a machine that washes dishes 2  j washing machine – a machine that washes clothes 3  l webcam – a camera connected to a computer that produces images that can be seen on a website 4  a remote control – a piece of equipment that you use for controlling a machine, such as a television or stereo system, from a short distance away 5  e headphones – a piece of equipment that you wear over your ears to listen to something without other people hearing it

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Student’s Book answer key 6  k flash drive – a small plastic disk drive that stores information and that you can carry around with you. You connect the flash drive to a computer when you want to use the information 7  c microwave – an oven that cooks food very quickly by passing electricity through it, instead of using heat 8  g vacuum cleaner – a piece of electrical equipment that cleans floors by sucking up dirt 9  b food processor – a piece of electrical equipment used for cutting food into very small pieces or mixing different foods together 10  i digital camera – a camera that takes and stores pictures in the form of electronic signals 11  h satnav – satellite navigation: a system for finding the best way to a place using information from satellites. It is often found in cars 12  d keyboard – a piece of computer equipment with keys on it, used for putting information into a computer

2 1  device  ​​2  network  ​​3  touch screen  ​​ 4  charger  ​​5  broadband  ​​6  wireless  ​​ 7  coverage  ​​8  drop-down menu  ​​ 9  glitch  ​​10  plug 3 1  both correct 2  gone dead (recharge – to put more

power into a battery) 3  insert (plug in – connect a piece of equipment to an electricity supply) 4  both correct 5  upgrade (install – to put a new program or piece of software into a computer so that you can use it) 6  set (delete – to remove information stored in a computer) 7  select (adjust – to change something slightly in order to make it better, more accurate or more effective) 8  pinching (swipe – to move your finger across the screen of a smartphone or tablet) 9  disconnect (connect – to join two things together) 10  hold (tap – to touch something gently)

4

The instructions are for setting the day, date and time on a computer.

5

Example answer Turn the mobile on. Type in your pin code and wait for the phone to get a signal. Select your friend’s name from your contacts list and press the ‘call’ button. Put the phone to your ear and wait for your friend to answer.

6

Students’ own answers

7

Students’ own answers

Reading p111 1a Example answers I can see a group of young people relaxing while using different technology. I think a screenager is a teenager who spends a lot of time online.

1b

Students’ own answers

2 1 E  ​​2  C  ​​3  B  ​​4  F  ​​5  A  ​​6  G  ​​7  D 3 Example answers I agree with the description of Gen Z. We can quickly sort through and assess enormous amounts of information. If we are interested in something, we are very committed and focused. I don’t agree with everything in the text. It implies that we are very different from previous generations, but I think we still have to be able to communicate clearly in person, and this is the number-one skill for our future success. This is the same for every generation.

4

at the heart of = the most important or basic part of something the norm = something that is usual or expected ingenious = uses new and clever ideas recession = period of time when trade and industry are not successful and there is a lot of unemployment burying their heads in = to give all your attention to something

5

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context pp112–113 1 1  a, c, d. They do not have commas. 2  b, e, f. They have commas. 3  We use which with things. We use who with people. 4  We use whose for possessions, when for times, where for places and why for reasons. 5  Yes, we can replace which with that in defining relative clauses. 6  No, we can’t replace which with that in non-defining relative clauses. 7  No, we can’t omit the relative pronoun in non-defining relative clauses. 8  No, we can’t omit the relative pronoun in sentences a or d because which and who are followed by verbs. 9  Yes, we can omit the relative pronoun in sentence c because it is followed by a noun/pronoun.

2 1  My tablet, which I bought last week, is

already broken! 2  I think that’s the phone that I saw it. 3 correct 4 correct 5  They’re the two people whose invention became really popular.

6 correct 7 correct 8  This is the friend who/that/– I told you about.

3

The relative pronouns can be omitted in: a, d, h and l, because these are all defining relative clauses where the relative pronoun is followed by a noun or pronoun. (b, c, e, i, j, k are also defining relative clauses but the relative pronouns are followed by a verb. f and g are non-defining relative clauses.)

4 1  The inventor of the remote control,

whose name was Robert Adler, didn’t like watching TV. 2  Remote controls, which first appeared in 1956, were originally called ‘space commands’. 3  Robert Adler went to university there in Vienna, where he was born./Robert Adler, who was born in Vienna, went to university there. 4  Adler, who invented more than 180 different things, was a brilliant physicist./ Adler, who was a brilliant physicist, invented more than 180 different things. 5  Adler, whose most successful invention was the remote control, was especially proud of his work on touch screens. 6  His remote control, which was replaced by infrared systems in the 1980s, used ultrasonic frequencies. 7  In 2007, when he was ninety-three, Robert Adler died./ Robert Adler died in 2007, when he was ninety-three./ Robert Adler, who was ninety-three, died in 2007. 8  Adler wasn’t very interested in his own invention, which changed the way we live. /Adler, whose invention changed the way we live, wasn’t very interested in it himself.

5

The boy in the photo is Adam Cudworth. He sent a camera up into space. The photos that Adam took look like they could be images from NASA.

6 1 B  ​​2  B  ​​3  D  ​​4  B  ​​5  B  ​​6  C  ​​7  B  ​​ 8  C  ​​9  A  ​​10  B

Developing vocabulary p113 1 1  g  ​​2  b  ​​3  e  ​​4  h  ​​5  d  ​​6  c  ​​7  j  ​​ 8  a  ​​9  f  ​​10  i 2 1  to scroll up/down  ​​ 2  to print something out  ​​ 3  It zooms in.  ​​ 4  It isn’t picking up a signal. 5  The battery’s running out.  ​​ 6  The alarm is going off.

Gateway to academic skills pp114 and 115 1 Students’ own answers

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Student’s Book answer key 2 Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

4

Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

information down … lazy … students will forget how to write … take photos or video teachers, or other students … cheat in exams.

juice

5a

4 1  I have to go back home because I forgot

6

Students’ own answers

7

Sam: 1 university has online system of resources, types up essays and communicates with lecturer on computer; 2 variety of resources online; 4 doubt face-to-face teaching will disappear – people learn more from human teachers; 5 a reliable digital word- or essay-checker to improve writing and take work away from teachers Vanessa: 1 phone, but mostly laptop; 2 saving copies, editing documents, sending information; 3 too reliant on the internet; 4 face-to-face interaction is how we thrive; 5 a gadget to allow data to be downloaded straight into your brain Bea: 1 internet, university’s database; 2 all the information at your fingertips; 3 spelling and grammar suffer; 4 face-to-face teaching will continue; 5 a virtual helmet for an immersive learning experience Chris: 1 coding course – software and hardware he needs; 2 access presentation slides after lectures; 3 no disadvantages; 4 face-to-face teaching won’t disappear – certain things need experts for; 5 free wi-fi for everybody

8

Students’ own answers

Listening p116 1 Students’ own answers

2

Speaker 1: b Speaker 2: c Speaker 3: d Speaker 4: a

3 1 b  ​​2  d  ​​3  a  ​​4  c  ​​5  d  ​​6  d  ​​7  b  ​​ 8  a  ​​9  a  ​​10  d 4 Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

to switch the oven off. 2  Can you remember to bring me my book tomorrow because I need it? 3 correct 4  Stop playing that song because it’s awful. 5  I like to get up early when I have an exam 6 correct 7  I’ll always remember meeting you for the first time last summer. 8 correct

5

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

Developing speaking p118 1 Students’ own answers

2a

Students’ own answers

2b

Example answers For: ■ Times have changed and schools should be making the most of modern technology. ■ It is more important for pupils to use the latest technology than learn dates in history: use smartphones to create apps or record videos. ■ In class we should use the good things that smartphones can offer – applications and access to the Internet. ■ It’s fun: smartphones motivate students. ■ Students look after smartphones. ■ Not every classroom offers students access to a computer, so devices like smartphones, even if you have to pair up, are very useful. Against: ■ Smartphones are easily lost or stolen. ■ They distract students’ attention. ■ There can be a misuse of technology: cyberbullying, texting friends in class, etc.

3

Grammar in context pp116–117 1a sentences 2a and 2b

3 1  forgot to send that email  ​​2  likes to wear a tie  ​​3  stop interrupting me  ​​ 4  I remembered to send  ​​5  like making  ​​ 6  work to have  ​​7  remember losing  ​​ 8  remember to meet me  ​​9  stopped talking  ​​10  never forget spilling orange

1b 1 a  ​​2  b  ​​3  b  ​​4  a  ​​5  a  ​​6  b  ​​7  b  ​​ 8  a 2 1  playing  ​​2  to do  ​​3  to go  ​​4  to eat  ​​ 5  to bring  ​​6  to give  ​​7  eating  ​​8  to get

The man is for the idea of students taking mobile phones into class and the woman is against it. Man: They’re a part of daily life now … use your phone as a dictionary in English lessons … Or … connect to a map if you’re studying geography … smartphone … like a pen. Woman: They can do that at the weekend … take a photo instead of copying the

4 1  checking whether your partner has

understood you 2  asking your partner to clarify something The circles mark where the stress falls in the sentence.

5b

Students’ own answers

5c

Do you get what I’m saying? Are you following me? Are you with me? What I mean is … Yes, that’s exactly what I mean. No, that’s not quite what I mean. Are you saying that …? If I understand you correctly, … In other words … What do you mean when you say …? I’m not sure what you mean by … Could you go over that again? Sorry, I’m not with you. I don’t understand what you’re getting at.

5d

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

7

Students’ own answers

Developing writing p119 1 Students’ own answers

2

The style is formal because it is a report for the head of the school.

3

The report is in a formal style.

4 1 Each student thinks that it is important. 2 correct 3 None of the students wanted to visit the website. 4  correct 5  A good website needs a lot of/lots of time and effort. 6 correct 7 correct 8  Most of the people in our class find the website boring.

5

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 9 Grammar revision p121 1 1  who  ​​2  when  ​​3  which  ​​4  which  ​​ 5  that/–  ​​6  whose

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Student’s Book answer key 2 

2

Example answers 1  Argentina is a country where you can find lots of natural wonders. 2  2014 was the year when Germany won the World Cup. 3  Caviar is a type of food which/that comes from a fish called a sturgeon. 4  Ice hockey is a sport that/which is played in Canada. 5  Marie Curie was a scientist who created the theory of radioactivity. 6  Tea is a drink which can be drunk hot or cold. 7  Glass is a material which/that breaks easily if it’s dropped.

Students’ own answers

3 1  to switch  ​​2  painting  ​​3  writing  ​​ 4  to go  ​​5  seeing  ​​6  to do  ​​7  playing

Vocabulary revision p121 1 1 network  ​​2  drop-down menu  ​​ 3  webcam  ​​4  headphones  ​​ 5  broadband  ​​6  wireless 2 1 press  ​​2  pinch  ​​3  insert  ​​4  freeze  ​​ 5  adjust  ​​6  delete  ​​7  recharge 3 1  up  ​​2  pick  ​​3  out  ​​4  popped  ​​5  on  ​​ 6  in  ​​7  off

Unit 10 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

4 1 a  ​​2  c  ​​3  d  ​​4  b 5 a  A (new) government plan has been supported by universities. b  A football star has resigned after a disagreement with his manager. c  People are worried about a new virus. d  Police are holding an investigation into possible/suspected corruption. e  There is a connection between a spy mystery and an explosion in the city centre. f  The government is taking a step towards making fast-food advertising illegal. g  An important politician has been involved in a tense situation in a plane.

Students’ own answers

Reading p123 1 Students’ own answers

may get rid of their stress with a petting zoo, these zoos actually cause stress for the animals in them.) 3  T (They believe that if students knew the facts, these zoos wouldn’t have become so popular on campuses.) 4  T (Travel, confinement to small cages and rough handling cause animals intense stress.) 5  F (The students got excited. Reese already had plans – he was going to buy a car for his mum, and a boat!) 6  T (The students knew that they hadn’t earned the money …) 7  NM

4

Example answer The texts outline the events as they happened and appear not to judge people’s actions. In the first text, it is clear that PETA disapproves of petting zoos and there are no arguments in favour so we are encouraged to criticise wrong behaviour. However, in the second text, we are encouraged to value the college students’ right behaviour.

5

a bad bet = a bad idea confinement = forced to stay in a place, especially in a prison or a cage, and not allowed to leave bouncy castles = large plastic structures filled with air, and often in the shape of a castle. Children play on them by jumping up and down, for example at a party or a funfair. smelly = with an unpleasant smell pick = select empty-handed = without getting anything for your effort

Vocabulary p122

6 1 c  ​​2  b  ​​3  d 7

3 1  NM 2  F (PETA argue that although students

6

Text 1: It’s really cruel. I think we should start a campaign to boycott petting zoos. Text 2: They did the right thing. Your actions, whether good or bad, will often have consequences that you can’t predict.

Grammar in context pp124–125 1 1  were about to  ​​2  was going to  ​​3  was to turn to  ​​4  would have  ​​5  was opening 2 a  playing  ​​b about  ​​c  going to  ​​ d would  ​​e to  ​​f  would survive  ​​g were 3 1  They sky went black and it looked like it was about to rain very soon. 2 correct 3  They were to get an incredible surprise the day after. 4  They thought it would snow/was going to snow the next day, but it didn’t.

5 correct 6  They went to bed early because the next day was going to be be very busy.

4a

Suggested answers 1  I knew it was going to be a great day because the sun was shining. 2  I was going to do my homework when the phone rang. 3  I never thought it would happen, but one day it did. 4  I was meeting my friends the next day, but I came down with a cold. 5  I was going to call my parents when suddenly they called me. 6  The car was about to hit the dog when it swerved at the last moment.

4b

Students’ own answers

5 1  Mixed conditionals are a mixture of second and third conditionals. 2  a 3  b

6 1  b, c (In b, the speaker would currently take photos; in c, they would have taken photos in the past, but not now.) 2  b, c (In b, the speaker doesn’t like science fiction movies now; in c, they didn’t like science fiction movies at that time in the past.) 3  b, c (In b, she currently/regularly takes the medicine that helps her; in c, she took the medicine in the past.) 4  b, c (In b, it focuses on the present situation – people would still be dying; in c, it refers to people in the past.) 5  b, c (In b, the speaker is talking about a hypothetical future; in c, it refers to a possible lie in the past.)

7 1  If Jenna didn’t love taking photos, she

wouldn’t have joined a camera club. 2  If Sam hadn’t spent lots of time studying, he wouldn’t be a journalist now. 3  If they hadn’t spent years making their new film, it wouldn’t be great. 4  If they knew where the key was, they would have opened the door. 5  If they could speak English, they would have interviewed the actor. 6  If I had known you were coming, I would have something for you to eat. 7  He wouldn’t have a new phone if he hadn’t lost his old one. 8  If I had remembered to do my homework yesterday, I wouldn’t have to do it now.

Developing vocabulary p125 1 Students’ own answers

2 a  news item  ​​b  hold a press conference  ​​ c  make the headlines  ​​d  news updates  ​​ e  breaking news  ​​f front-page-news  ​​

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Student’s Book answer key Grammar in context pp128–129

g newsflash  ​​h  turn of events   ​​i  keep you informed 3a 1  informed  ​​2  newsflash  ​​3  press  ​​ 4  front  ​​5  headlines  ​​6  items  ​​ 7  breaking 3b

1a a  What did the man look like? b  What did he do then? c  What was your reaction when you found

Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills pp126–127 1a Example answer I agree with this statement. Some newspapers run stories without checking if they are true or not. There are people who make a living by inventing stories and selling them to newspapers. Many newspapers print them and then other newspapers print the same story. That’s how stories spread around the world very quickly, whether they are true or not.

out? d  Why did he give you the picture? e  Would you sell it? f  What will you do with the money?

2

Students’ own answers

3a

Students’ own answers

3b

Students’ own answers

4

Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

7 1  live feeds  ​​2  reliable  ​​3  many sources  ​​ 4  shot  ​​5  personal gain  ​​6  jump to conclusions  ​​7  speculation

in this area. 2  Can you tell me what you think of graffiti? 3  Have you any idea what you’re going to do this summer? 4  Can I ask how often you watch the news on TV? 5  I wonder if you could tell me if you’re interested in sport. 6  Do you know how many people read showbiz news? 7  I’d like to ask if you’ve ever met somebody famous.

4

Students’ own answers

5a

Students’ own answers

Listening p128

5b

1

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3 1  b (His clothes certainly weren’t very smart. I specially remember that his jacket was small and didn’t go over his arms.) 2  b (… it was a print … He signed it … And he added colours at the top.) 3  a (He actually said to me ‘This will be worth about £20,000.’ I didn’t really believe that at first, which is why I looked him up on the Internet when I got home.) 4  a (But what we’ve decided to do now is … my mum is going to take the picture and get some experts to examine it, and see what they say.) 5  b (It’s great to see somebody getting an immediate reward for a simple act of kindness.)

6 1 T  ​​2  T  ​​3  T  ​​4  T  ​​5  F  ​​6  T 7 1  h  ​​2  b  ​​3  a  ​​4  g  ​​5  e  ​​6  c  ​​7  f  ​​ 8  d 8 Students’ own answers

9 1  don’t they  ​​2  aren’t I  ​​3  shouldn’t we  ​​ 4  won’t it  ​​5  aren’t we  ​​6  didn’t you  ​​ 7  does she  ​​8  haven’t we 10a 1  falling intonation on question tag 2  rising intonation on question tag The speaker sounds more certain in sentence 1 (falling intonation).

10b

➘

7  She never comes late, does she?

➚

8  We’ve got homework tonight, haven’t we? 10c 11a

1b 1  The subject comes before the verb (like

2 1  long it took you  ​​2  know whether he was talking  ​​3  any idea why he doesn’t  ​​ 4  wonder what other artists think  ​​ 5  if this is the  ​​6  why you decided to give  ​​ 7  he does each year 3 1  I’d like to know how long you have lived

Students’ own answers

6  You read the news yesterday, didn’t you?

Students’ own answers

in a statement). 2  We use question marks when the first part of the sentence is a question. 3  Indirect questions are usually more formal and polite.

1b

➚ ➘

5  We’re going to be on TV one day, aren’t we?

➚

1  Everybody likes the summer, don’t they?

➘

4

2  I’m right, aren’t I?

Students’ own answers

3  We should use question tags, shouldn’t we?

➘

Students’ own answers

11b

Students’ own answers

11c

Students’ own answers

Developing speaking p130 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

4

There’s no denying that … You can’t argue with the fact that … Let’s not forget that … Having said that,

5

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

7

Suggested asnwers Introducing and sequencing arguments: I’d like to begin by saying; Firstly; Secondly; Finally Stating your opinion/making main points: I think (that); I don’t think (that); Personally, I think …; As far as I’m concerned; In my opinion; From my point of view Adding arguments: Furthermore; What’s more; In addition Making contrasts/presenting and responding to opposing points: On the one hand; On the other hand; In contrast; However Concluding: In conclusion; To sum up

8

Students’ own answers

Developing writing p131 1a Students’ own answers

1b

Students’ own answers

2

… who or what, in your opinion, people are talking about right now. … why you think people are talking about them … …. give us your own opinion …

3

Yes, it includes the necessary information.

➚

4  The news will be on soon, won’t it?

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Student’s Book answer key 4 a  Despite the fact that  ​​b  At first  ​​ c since  ​​d However  ​​e  as  ​​f  As far as I’m concerned  ​​g as 5 2 f  ​​3  a  ​​4  b  ​​5  e  ​​6  c 6 2 b  ​​3  a  ​​4  d  ​​5  c  ​​6  f 7

7  T (Thanks to another offer, the taxi driver

Students’ own answers

Listening p135

B2

could have recorded an album if he was interested in starting a music career.) 8  F (Immediately after finding the money, Gori began to look for the couple. … He always knew he wouldn’t take the money for himself.)

4

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 10

5 Students’ own answers

6 1 b  ​​2  c  ​​3  a  ​​4  c  ​​5  a  ​​6  b  ​​7  a

Grammar revision p133 1 1  would  ​​2  going  ​​3  to  ​​4  was  ​​5  to 2 1  would be  ​​2  had passed  ​​3  would have called  ​​4  had won  ​​5  would have finished

Use of English p135 7 Example answer Criminals Beware! GPS tracking app catches gang of robbers

8 1 D  ​​2  B  ​​3  D  ​​4  C  ​​5  A  ​​6  D  ​​ 7  C  ​​8  D

3 1  Can you tell me what you want? 2  I would like to know how you are. 3  Do you know what time it is? 4  Have you any idea whether he drinks

Writing p135 9

coffee? 5  I want to know how you did that.

Suggested answer Introduction Findings My opinion Conclusion

4 1  do they  ​​2  do  ​​3  hasn’t  ​​4  am  ​​ 5  there

Vocabulary revision p133 1 1 obituaries  ​​2  gossip  ​​ 3  weather forecast  ​​4  entertainment  ​​ 5  have your say  ​​6  features 2 1 f  ​​2  e  ​​3  c  ​​4  h  ​​5  a  ​​6  g  ​​7  b 3 1  press conference  ​​2  events  ​​ 3  news item  ​​4  updates  ​​5  informed  ​​ 6  front page

Gateway to exams: Units 9–10 Reading p134 1 Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3 1  NM 2  F (After looking at Cent’s records they found out …) 3  T (… because we are of Polish origin, his story really stuck with us.) 4  NM 5  NM 6  T (A website set up in his honour has so far received donations of over $14,580 to reward him.)

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25 of 25

B2+

B2+

Student’s Book answer key look out for = think or care about bond = develop a connection or feeling of friendship

Unit 1 Reading pp6–7 1a 1 give someone the cold shoulder 2 pull someone’s leg 3 lend someone a hand 4 do something behind someone’s back 5 stick your neck out for someone 6 be under someone’s thumb 7 see eye-to-eye with someone 8 get something off your chest 1b 1 hand  ​​2 back  ​​3 leg  ​​4 eye, eye  ​​ 5 thumb  ​​6 neck  ​​7 chest  ​​8 shoulder 2 A  3  ​​B  2  ​​C  4  ​​D  1 3 1  D  ​​2  A  ​​3  B  ​​4  C  ​​5  B  ​​6  A  ​​7  D  ​​ 8  C  ​​9  B  ​​10  C  ​​11  A  ​​12  D 4 Example answers The method for the first experiment in A was quite good, but it was only done with one group for each situation and was only done in one city, Chicago. It would be better if they did it with lots of groups and in different cities to see if the results were consistent. The result isn’t surprising to me as I think all social interactions can contribute to our happiness. The method for the experiment in text C was also quite good, but as with the experiment in A, the psychologists should have expanded the experiment. For example, they should have swapped the roles of each group because it could be that some people are naturally more collaborative than others. The results they found are quite surprising as you wouldn’t think walking in step with someone would have such a big effect later on. I think the method that Robert Provine used in text D was good as he studied people in a normal environment not a lab. He also looked at over 2,000 cases over ten years, so his research is likely to be accurate. I don’t think the results are that surprising because I think I laugh a lot more with other people than when I’m on my own.

5 commuters = people who travel regularly to and from work kept to themselves = stay alone and not talk to other people amass = collect a lot of something over a period of time like-minded = with similar tastes, interests and opinions hunter-gatherer = people who live by killing animals and finding food synchronise = moving or happening at the same time or speed in step = with feet moving at exactly the same time

6 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context p8 1a 1 past simple, past perfect continuous 2 past continuous 3 present perfect 4 past perfect 5 present perfect continuous 6 These forms have no name, but they are examples of future in the past: was/ were about to + infinitive, was/ were going to + infinitive

1b a past simple  ​​b  past continuous c was/were about to + infinitive, was/ were going to + infinitive d present perfect  ​​e  past perfect f present perfect continuous g past perfect continuous

2 1 made (finished action, specified time in the past) 2 ’ve (action that began in the past and has continued up to now – it’s incomplete) 3 chatted (finished past action) 4 read (past action with a present result – we use the simple form because the actions are complete) 5 was (finished past state) 6 ‘d forgotten (happened before another time in the past – one action, not a continuous action) 7 had (happened for a period of time leading up to another past action – ongoing and continuous) 8 were leaving (action in progress at a point in time in the past); went (single past action) 9 have always seen (started in the past and still true now) 1  0 arrived (single past action – the continuous form would suggest that the action was repeated over and over again)

3 1 called, had gone/was going 2 have had, have taken/took 3 looked, was, had been snowing/had snowed 4 have been waiting 5 have been studying/have studied, haven’t made 6 had forgotten 7 has been barking

4

Corrected answers a  have been interested   ​​b  did  ​​ g  had finished

5 Students’ own answers

6 Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary p9 1 Noun – abstract/concrete: -ence, -ness, -ion, -ment, -ity Noun – person: -or, -ant, -ist, -er

2 1  scientist  ​​2  argument  ​​3  description  ​​ 4  intelligence  ​​5  sincerity  ​​6  invention/ inventor  ​​7  similarity  ​​ 8  frequency  ​​ 9  speaker  ​​10  loneliness 3 1  c  ​​2  a  ​​3  b  ​​4  e  ​​5  d 4 a  Researchers  ​​b  conclusion  ​​ c  difference  ​​d  activity  ​​e  protection  ​​ f  explanation  ​​g  popularity  ​​ h  psychologist  ​​i  decency 5 Students complete the words in the questions with a suffix. Check students’ answers in open class. Answers 1  reaction  ​​2  appearance  ​​3  failure  ​​ 4  participant  ​​5  description  ​​ 6  personality

6 Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills pp10−11 1 Students’ own answers

2 1  Struggling to find the right words, or emotions getting in the way.

2 Tip 1: Think of answers to questions and rehearse them. Tip 2: Speak your mind without being rude. Tip 3: Listen and ask questions. Tip 4: Be aware of body language.

3 Example answers 1 It’s a good idea to think before you speak because you might panic and say something while you’re angry or upset that you don’t really mean. 2 Pausing before giving an opinion gives you time to organise your thoughts and think of the right words. 3 It’s good to express your opinions and be assertive and not be scared of what other people think about you. 4 To stop you getting angry and upset and possibly saying something that might offend other people. 5 Asking questions helps you understand what the other person is saying and proves that you’ve been listening. 6 You need to listen to others as you can then learn what the other people’s points of view are. 7 More than half of communication is non-verbal, so it’s important to give the right signals.

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1 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key Developing speaking p13

8 Facial expressions reflect what a person is thinking, so if you smile and relax it gives a positive message.

1

4

Suggested answers In pair one, Hector communicates more effectively than Robert. In pair two, both students show areas for improvement in their communication skills, although perhaps Anna communicates more effectively than Aisha overall. Robert and Hector communicate more effectively than Anna and Aisha.

5 Suggested answers Effective communication Robert: Listened to the other person well. Hector: Listened to his partner and paused to think before he spoke. Stayed calm. Anna: Speaks her mind. Asks questions. Aisha: Pauses and thinks about what words to use. Listens to others. Areas for improvement Robert: Needs to keep calm and not lose his temper. Hector: Could ask more questions. Anna: Interrupted her partner and didn’t let her speak – she needs to listen. Needs to stay calm and not get upset. Aisha: Needs to improve her body language. Needs to think before speaking and listen to others.

6 Students’ own answers

Listening p12 1 Students’ own answers

2 Students’ own answers

3 They are social groups of men and women who form a society. Their characteristics include: using Greek letters in their society name, having secret rituals for new members, advocating social change and forming an often lifelong bond with other members.

4 1  F  ​​2  T  ​​3  T  ​​4  NG  ​​5  NG  ​​6  F  ​​ 7  T  ​​8  F  ​​9  NG  ​​10  T 5 Students’ own answers

6 1  e  ​​2  b  ​​3  d  ​​4  c  ​​5  f  ​​6  a Present habit (neutral) a, c Present habit (annoying) e Past habit (neutral) b, d Past habit (annoying) f

7 2 would/’d/used to 4 will/’ll 5 would/’d/used to 8

Language learning: 6 (Past) Friends, family and relationships: 3 (Present), 7 (Past), 8 (Present), 10 (Past) Holidays: 9 (Present), 12 (Past) Free time: 2 (Present), 4 (Present), 5 (Present), 11 (Present)

2 a

Speaker 1

Speaker 2

Speaker 3

10

3

9

b more than one c Yes. By giving a lot of information and by using expressions like let me see, for example and to my mind.

3 Playing for time: 2, 4 Adding examples and ideas: 5 Expressing opinions: 1, 3

4 Students’ own answers

5 Students’ own answers

6 Suggested answers Language learning: What aspect of learning English do you enjoy the most and why? What has been your favourite lesson so far this year? Studies: How do you keep notes and revise what you are learning? Which subject did you used to like when you were younger? Friends, family and relationships: Which person in your life inspires you and why? Is it better to have lots of good friends or a few very close friends? Holidays: Where would you most like to go on holiday? Why? What is the most amazing thing you have ever done on holiday? Free time: Which sports are you interested in? How did you spend last Sunday afternoon?

7 Students’ own answers

Developing writing pp14–15 1 Suggested answers 3 interesting to read believable characters an exciting plot a surprising ending – a ‘twist in the tale’

2

Students’ own answers

4b 1  h  ​​2  c  ​​3  f  ​​4  b  ​​5  i  ​​6  e  ​​7  a  ​​ 8  g  ​​9  d  ​​10  j 5 Students’ own answers

6 Students’ own answers

7a a  5 sighed /saɪd/  ​​b  6 gasped /ɡɑːspd/  ​​ c  2 yelled /jeld/  ​​d  7 whined /waɪnd/  ​​ e  1  shrieked /ʃriːkd/  ​​f  3 whispered /ˈwɪspə(r)d/  ​​g  8 muttered /ˈmʌtə(r)d/  ​​ h  4 groaned /ɡrəʊnd/

7b

Suggested answers 1  sighed  ​​2  yelled  ​​3  shrieked  ​​ 4  muttered  ​​5  whined  ​​ 6  groaned/gasped

8 Suggested answers Using a variety of past tenses: He immediately returned to the park to look for it; Greg was flicking through …; The person who had found it …; Greg was about to leave … Using a variety of adjectives and adverbs: a new camera; a pleasant afternoon; immediately returned Short sections of direct speech using a variety of verbs expressing different ways of speaking: ‘Oh no!’ he groaned; ‘I’ll never find my camera or see my photos again,’ he sighed. Similes: as white as a sheet; get on like a house on fire Linkers and expressions of time and sequence: After a pleasant afternoon; One day; A few weeks later

9 Students’ own answers

10 Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 1 Grammar revision p17 1 1  been waiting  ​​2  have been  ​​3  ’d  ​​ 4  read  ​​5  was 6 was  ​​7  stepped  ​​ 8  had had 2 1 My parents buy me presents every week. 2 When he was five, he had/used to have a bike. 3 ✓ 4 ✓ 5 I went to Brazil once for a holiday. 6 I love films so I usually go to the cinema once a week.

3

Vocabulary revision p17

Students’ own answers

1 1  importance  ​​2  loneliness  ​​3  ✓  ​​ 4  freedom  ​​5  invention  ​​6  ✓  ​​ 7  safety  ​​8  intelligence

4a 1  dream  ​​2  sheet  ​​3  flash  ​​ 4  house on fire

Students’ own answers

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2 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key 2 Students read the definitions and complete the idioms with parts of the body. Answers 1  back  ​​2  thumb  ​​3  leg  ​​4  shoulder  ​​ 5  neck  ​​6  chest

3 1  fresh  ​​2  quick  ​​3  quiet  ​​4  solid  ​​ 5  white  ​​6  cold 4 1  whisper  ​​2  gasp  ​​3  yell  ​​4  shriek  ​​ 5  mutter  ​​6  whine

Unit 2 Reading pp18–19 1a 1 d motorways  ​​2 i seat belt  ​​ 3 f driving licence  ​​4 b road signs  ​​ 5 a speed limit  ​​6 j steering wheel  ​​ 7 g traffic lights / c traffic jam  ​​ 8 c traffic jam / g traffic lights  ​​ 9 e roundabout  ​​10 h petrol station 1b 1  seat belt  ​​2  speed limit  ​​3  traffic jams  ​​ 4  steering wheel  ​​5  road signs  ​​ 6  motorways  ​​7  traffic lights  ​​ 8  driving licence 2 1 New Zealand 16, the US 14 (in some states), UK 17 2 It will probably rise.

facts rather than his/her opinion. However, I think the writer thinks that teenage drivers aren’t very safe as he/she uses words like ‘careless’, ‘rash’ and ‘impetuous’. I think the main aim of the article is to inform people as the majority of the text is facts and statistics. However, the writer seems to want to persuade people that having a licence at an older age is better because he/she says that the statistics are ‘horrifying’.

6 requirements = things that a rule or law says that you must do toughen up = make stricter gone down = been received or accepted bothered = make the effort to do something impulsive, rash, impetuous = acting or done too quickly, without considering the effects of your actions show off = behave in a way that is intended to attract people’s attention and make them admire you implementing = making an idea, plan or law start to work and be used lowering = reducing something in number, value or strength

7 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context p20 1a

3 1  E  ​​2  G  ​​3  C  ​​4  B  ​​5  D  ​​6  H  ​​ 7  A  ​​8  F 4 Answers Reasons in the text: a part of the brain that helps to control impulsive behaviour … only fully develops by the age of 25; a lot of development happens between the ages of 16 and 18; there is a scientific reason why teenagers can at times be more careless and rash; Sixteen-year-old drivers are … involved in thousands of fatal accidents each year; accidents are more likely when a teenage driver is accompanied; teenagers are more likely to take risks and break speed limits when driving with their friends; young motorists only have an average of 29.9 hours of professional lessons before taking and passing their test Other possible reasons: Teenagers drive cars that aren’t very roadworthy and they don’t look after their cars; Teenagers are more likely to be distracted by mobile phones, music on the radio, etc.; Teenagers are impatient and lose their temper; Teenagers panic and make bad decisions when driving because of their inexperience; Teenagers often drive when they are tired – coming home from a party, for example.

5 Example answers It’s hard to know the opinion of the writer, because a lot of the article is statistics and

• had to (+ infinitive): an obligation or rule in the past • shouldn’t have (+ past participle): regret about or criticism of the past • are not allowed (to + infinitive): prohibition in the present • need to (+ infinitive): obligation in the present • should (+ infinitive): advice in the present • must (+ infinitive): obligation in the present

1b 9 have to be/must be: have to be is better here because we tend to use must to talk about personal obligations when the speaker feels that something is necessary (I must get up earlier at the weekends.) whereas we use have to to talk about obligations when the situation makes something necessary (You have to be 17 to drive because that’s the law.). 10  shouldn’t pass: in the present this form expresses mild obligation or strong advice, whereas in the past it expresses a regret or criticism 11  were not allowed 12  needed to/had to: both forms express a past necessity 13  should have had: this form expresses regret that the advice was not taken 14  had to: the past form of must for obligation is had to

2 1 No: didn’t need to means there was no necessity to go – it does not say whether the speaker went to school or not; needn’t have gone means the speaker went to school then discovered it was unnecessary. 2 No: don’t have to expresses a lack of obligation or necessity – the speaker means to say that you can eat the food or not depending on whether you want to or not; mustn’t expresses a prohibition – the speaker is prohibiting you from eating the food. (Note that some European speakers get confused between these forms because in their L1 a form that looks similar to must not is used to express a lack of obligation.) 3 Yes: ought to, like should, expresses advice or mild obligation; ’d (had) better means the same but is stronger – it is used to say what is the best thing to do in a situation. 4 Yes: but have got to is considered less formal and is generally only used in spoken English. 5 No: wasn’t allowed to is a prohibition; in the present; may not + infinitive is used to prohibit (You may not go out looking like that!), but it cannot be used in a past form in this way – the form may + have + past participle is only used to form the past of may to express possibility, so this sentence effectively means ‘It is possible that I didn’t stay up late when I was smaller’. 6 No: had to + infinitive expresses a past obligation or rule; must + have + past participle can’t be used to form the past of must for obligation – this form expresses the past of must to express likelihood, so it effectively means ‘I am certain that I wore …’ 7 Yes: the basic meaning is the same although shouldn’t + infinitive is used to give strong advice or a mild obligation, and be supposed to is used when we talk about the normal or correct way of doing something. 8 Yes: they are not expressing obligation. They are being used to make a request for quiet. The speaker is also showing annoyance.

3 1 mustn’t send/aren’t allowed to send 2 had to walk/needed to walk 3 shouldn’t have written 4 needn’t have got up/didn’t have to get up 5 wasn’t allowed to wear 6 should find/ought to find/had better find

4 1 should have told you 2 aren’t/weren’t allowed to go 3 have got to buy 4 shouldn’t have driven 5 needn’t have worried about 6 shouldn’t have gone to the party 7 ought to have got

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3 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key Developing speaking p25

5 Students’ own answers

1

6

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary p21 1 1  A  ​​2  B  ​​3  C 2 take

make

do

an apology an attempt a call changes a choice a comment a complaint a decision a difference an improvement a mistake a suggestion use of something

business a course harm household chores research a test your best

3 1  make an apology  ​​2  correct  ​​ 3  take offence  ​​4  do business  ​​ 5  make a formal complaint  ​​6  correct 4 1  B  ​​2  B  ​​3  C  ​​4  D  ​​5  A  ​​6  B  ​​7  C  ​​ 8  D  ​​9  A 10 B

Gateway to life skills pp22−23

He describes the first and third photos. He does perform all parts of the task.

Students’ own answers

3 a

4 1  F  ​​2  F  ​​3  T  ​​4  T  ​​5  F  ​​6  T  ​​7  T  ​​8  F 5 Students’ own answers

6 Yes – she identifies the issue (how to spend the summer) and describes the two options she has (the invitation to go away with her cousins or the offer of a summer job in her dad’s architectural studio). She talks about the pros and cons of the first option and then the pros and cons of the second option, although she mentions the disadvantages first for the second option. She doesn’t reach her decision on the video, although she says she would be mad to turn down the chance to gain work experience.

Listening p24

6 Students’ own answers

The writer believes that it is a good idea to lower the legal age for obtaining a driving licence to 16 in the UK.; Students’ own answers

3 Suggested answers Paragraph 1: The idea of lowering minimum age to 16 is a sensitive one. The writer believes it should be lowered. Paragraph 2: A driving licence is essential. 16-year-olds are at a disadvantage if they can’t drive. Paragraph 3: 16-year-olds are capable drivers – their reactions are quicker than older people’s. Paragraph 4: Safety is a problem, but accidents usually happen in the driver’s first year at any age. There should be ways to prevent accidents. Paragraph 5: The majority of 16-year-olds are mature and sensible enough to drive and it would benefit them to do so.

4

1 Students’ own answers

2 1  C  ​​2  A  ​​3  C  ​​4  A  ​​5  B  ​​6  A  ​​7  B 3

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

4

4 1  can’t  ​​2  may/might/could  ​​ 3  may/might  ​​4  can’t/mustn’t  ​​ 5  must  ​​6  might not/may not 5

Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

the past. It is used to express a logical deduction – the situation is very likely or certainly true given the evidence. 2 could + infinitive: in the present. It is used to express possibility. 3 can’t have + past participle: in the past. It is used to express a logical deduction – the situation is impossible or highly unlikely given the evidence. 4 might have + past participle: in the past. It is used to express possibility. 5 may well have + past participle: in the past. It is used to express a strong possibility.

1

Students’ own answers

6 Students’ own answers

Developing writing pp26–27

1

Students’ own answers

2 3 1 must have + past participle: in

a call control a course cover a decision effect an interest offence place power a risk a test

5

Expressing strong opinions: I certainly believe that …; To my mind, there is no question that …; I am convinced that … Expressing opposing views and giving counterarguments: Whilst it is true that …, … Giving general opinions: It is widely accepted that …

7

Language checkpoint: Unit 2 Grammar revision p29 1 1  ought  ​​2  had  ​​3  supposed  ​​ 4  had to go  ​​5  didn’t need to go  ​​ 6  Do we have  ​​7  needn’t  ​​ 8  needn’t have bothered  ​​ 9  didn’t have to dress  ​​10  can’t park 2 1  can’t be  ​​2  may not have remembered  ​​ 3  ✓  ​​4  could/may/might have been  ​​ 5  must have made  ​​6  ✓  ​​7  must be  ​​ 8  must earn  ​​9  ✓  ​​10  may/might not be

Vocabulary revision p29 1 1  makes  ​​2  made  ​​3  took  ​​4  do  ​​ 5  make  ​​6  take  ​​7  made 2 1  driving licence  ​​2  motorway  ​​ 3  petrol station  ​​4  roundabout  ​​ 5  seat belt  ​​6  steering wheel  ​​ 7  traffic lights 3 1  traffic lights  ​​2  steering wheel  ​​ 3  seat belt  ​​4  driving licence  ​​ 5  motorway  ​​6  Roundabouts

Gateway to exams: Units 1–2 Reading p30 1 1  B  ​​2  C  ​​3  A  ​​4  A  ​​5  B  ​​6  B  ​​7  C  ​​ 8  C  ​​9  A

Use of English p31 2 1  B  ​​2  A  ​​3  C  ​​4  B  ​​5  D  ​​6  A  ​​7  D  ​​ 8  C  ​​9  B  ​​10  B

Listening p31 3 1  B  ​​2  C  ​​3  B  ​​4  A  ​​5  A  ​​6  B

Writing p31 4 Students’ own answers

Unit 3 Reading pp32–33 1a Students’ own answers

1b Students’ own answers

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4 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key 2

Verb + -ing form or to-infinitive with little or no change in meaning: begin, bother, can’t stand, continue, start

Students’ own answers

3 The ability to perform complex calculations; speak multiple languages; play any piece of music or recall any song ever heard; remember historical dates over thousands of years, and use a photographic memory to recall detailed landscapes seen only once.

4 1  a  ​​2  c  ​​3  c  ​​4  d  ​​5  c  ​​6  d 5 Example answers I think hard work is probably more important. If you have a talent, for example being musical or good at sport, but you don’t train then you won’t get better and someone with less natural talent could end up being better than you because they have trained every day. In my opinion, it would be better to have good social skills as it could be lonely if you don’t know how to make friends. However, you would feel really special if you had an exceptional talent and people might want to get to know you because of it.

6 lightning speed = something that happens very quickly devised = to invent a method of doing something groundbreaking = using new methods or achieving new results flawlessly = perfectly clap of thunder = the loud sound that thunder makes assigned = to give someone/something a job or use running into = hitting something by accident spanning = to last for a particular period of time, especially a long period locked up = to fasten something such as a door or container, usually with a key, so people can’t open it layer = an amount or sheet of a substance that covers a surface or that lies between two things or two other substances

7 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context p34 1 a, c, e and f can be used with both forms. There is a change in meaning with f (remember).

2 Verb + -ing form: admit, avoid, consider, deny, feel like, finish, include, keep on, recommend, risk, suggest, take up Verb + to-infinitive: afford, agree, decide, expect, help, manage, promise, refuse, volunteer

3 a  to understand   ​​b  to drive   ​​c  flying  ​​ d  doing  ​​e  hugging  ​​f knocking  ​​ g to sit  ​​ h to sign  ​​i eating  ​​j  to be 4 1a  remember to = active – you have agreed to do it 1b  remember putting = state – I did it and now have a memory of it 2a/b  similar in meaning (though the tense is different) 3a  stopped to = we saw each other then we stopped what we were doing in order to chat 3b  stopped running = we were running then we did something else (sat down) 4a  means = state – signifies or involves something 4b  mean to = intend to 5a  went on to talk = finished talking about one thing and started talking about something else 5b  went on talking = talked continuously for a long time 6a/b  are similar in meaning, although a slight difference might be: like to = it’s a habit you choose to do; like meeting = state – it’s something I enjoy

5 1  stopped to buy bread  ​​2  correct  ​​ 3  went on talking  ​​4  correct  ​​5  correct  ​​ 6  mean to be rude  ​​7  stopped buying newspapers  ​​8  remember leaving  ​​ 9  stopped to have   ​​10  correct 6 Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary p35 1 1  c  ​​2  a  ​​3  b  ​​4  e  ​​5  h  ​​6  f  ​​ 7  g  ​​8  d 2 In sentences 1–7, all of the verbs have an object. In sentence 8 catch on is an intransitive verb and therefore does not take an object. With come up with and hit on, the object or object pronoun comes after the phrasal verb. Pick up is separable so the object can go before or after the particle. If the object is a pronoun, it must go between the verb and particle.

3 and 4 Two-part phrasal verb (inseparable): hit on Two-part phrasal verb (separable): pick up, piece together, talk through Three-part phrasal verb (inseparable): come up with, keep up with, leap out at

1 look for – try to find stand out – be easy to notice because they are different fit in – be accepted by a group of people get on with – have a good relationship with take up – start a hobby or activity look down on – think you are better than work out – to calculate or find the answer to write down – to write on paper Two-part phrasal verb (no object): stand out, fit in Two-part phrasal verb (inseparable): look for Two-part phrasal verb (separable): take up, work out, write down Three-part phrasal verb (inseparable): get on with, look down on

2 1  picked it up  ​​2  look for patterns  ​​ 3  leapt out at him  ​​4  talk it through  ​​ 5  correct  ​​6  hit on a new way  ​​ 7  take it up  ​​8  keep up with me 3 Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills pp36−37 1 Students’ own answers

2 Students’ own answers

3 Yes, he says anyone can have a memory like his. He says you have to exercise your mind every day, just like doing physical exercise.

4 1 It takes about eight seconds of intense concentration to take in information. 2 After an hour and a half no more new information is taken in. 3 He uses linking words and pictures, making up a story or linking numbers with a word or picture. He uses them for lists, words, names and numbers. 4 In sets, as it expands short-term memory. 5 Because we store information in related groups in our memory. 6 You are 50% more likely to remember it.

5

Students’ own answers

6 Suggested answers Easy to remember: creative things, quotations (Sam); song lyrics (Chloe); numbers and images (Nancy) Difficult to remember: images (Chloe); words, strings to words (Nancy)

7 Suggested answers Techniques included: summaries (organise); mind maps (organise); repeating information out loud (repeat); visualising using audiobooks; rephrasing quotations in

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5 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key your own words (repeat); using gestures; chunking (chunking); colour-coding notes (organise); putting sticky notes around the house (practice)

8 Students’ own answers

4 Beginning your presentation: 1 Ordering your arguments: 3, 6 Presenting opposing points of view: 4, 8 Responding to opposing points of view: 2, 5 Concluding your presentation: 7, 9

5

Listening p38

Students’ own answers

1 Suggested answers 1 A game of sudoku. 2 People often do this while travelling to and from work or school, or during a break from work. They do sudoku to pass the time, relax or keep their brain sharp (especially older people).

2

6 Students’ own answers

7 Students’ own answers

Developing writing pp40–41 1 Students’ own answers

2

Task 1: 1  D  ​​ 2  C  ​​3  A  ​​4  H  ​​5  F Task 2: 6 B  ​​ 7  C  ​​8  A  ​​9  G  ​​10  D

Students’ own answers

3

3

The reviewer is very positive and calls the film a ‘masterpiece’ so it is likely that he or she would give it four or five stars.

Students’ own answers

4 Students’ own answers

4a

5 verb + object + -ing form: hear, catch verb + object + to-infinitive: ask, encourage, allow, teach verb + object + infinitive without to: make, hear

6 verb + object + -ing form: feel, find, notice, overhear, see, watch verb + object + to-infinitive: advise, beg, choose, force, inspire, invite, order, persuade, remind, teach, tell, warn verb + object + infinitive without to: feel, let, overhear, see, watch

7 1  advise, to do  ​​2  asked, to help  ​​ 3  let, rest  ​​4  overhear, say/saying  ​​ 5  caught, solving  ​​6  force, to read  ​​ 7  feel, blowing  ​​8  encourages, to learn

Developing speaking p39 1 Carr thinks that our increasing dependence on the Internet is altering the way our brains work and making us shallower and less able to think deeply about things. Sir Tom Stoppard and President Barack Obama agree with him.

2 Students’ own answers

3 She thinks that the Internet has brought changes mainly for the better. Her arguments are (a) that the human brain adapts to change, (b) that the Internet has improved our minds and the way we think because we can concentrate on useful things and not just on memorising things, and (c) that we can still read books in addition to using the Internet. (She also mentions that we read things more superficially on the Internet.)

Students’ own answers

4b 1  f  ​​2  g  ​​3  h  ​​4  j  ​​5  d  ​​6  a  ​​7  e  ​​ 8  i  ​​9  l  ​​10  b  ​​11  k  ​​12 c  ​​13  m 4c 1  co-starred  ​​2  sub-plot  ​​3  underage  ​​ 4  post-production  ​​5  unrealistic  ​​ 6  misinterpreted  ​​7  remake  ​​ 8  overcritical 5 Suggested answers Disappointing is a negative adjective which can describe, e.g. a film, a plot, a performance, special effects, an adaptation (not as good as you had hoped for or expected). Disjointed is a negative adjective which can describe, e.g. a film, a plot, action (the parts don’t join together clearly). Epic is a positive adjective which can describe, e.g. an epic battle scene with thousands of people in it, a film, a plot, a performance, a soundtrack (something that is on a very large scale). Far-fetched is a negative adjective which can describe, e.g. a plot, action (unbelievable). Fast-moving is a positive adjective which can describe, e.g. a thriller, a film, a plot, action (moves in a fast and exciting way). Flawed is a negative adjective which can describe, e.g. a film, a plot, a performance, a character, a screenplay (having mistakes). Gripping is a positive adjective which can describe, e.g. a thriller, a film, a plot, a performance, a portrayal, a soundtrack, special effects (exciting or thrilling). Inspiring is a positive adjective which can describe, e.g. a film, a plot, a performance, a soundtrack (makes you feel very positive about life, yourself, the future, etc.).

Intriguing is a positive adjective which can describe, e.g. a film, a plot, a performance, a character, a soundtrack, an adaptation (very interesting in that you don’t know what’s happening, but you really want to find out). Light-hearted is usually a positive adjective which can describe, e.g. a film, a plot, a performance, an adaptation (gentle, funny or not serious). Low-budget is a neutral (or sometimes negative) adjective which can describe, e.g. a film, special effects (didn’t cost very much to make). Memorable is a positive adjective which can describe, e.g. a film, a plot, a performance, a character, a soundtrack, special effects (so good you will remember it). Mesmerising is a positive adjective which can describe, e.g. a film, a plot, a performance, a character, a soundtrack, special effects (so interesting and/or complicated that you can’t stop watching even though you are being carried along without knowing what’s happening). Mind-blowing is a positive adjective which can describe, e.g. a film, a plot, a performance, a soundtrack, special effects (really amazing). Moving is usually a positive adjective which can describe, e.g. a film, a plot, a performance, a portrayal, a soundtrack (makes you feel very sad or sentimental). Risqué is an adjective that can be positive or negative and can describe, e.g. a film, a plot, a performance, a soundtrack, an adaptation (a little bit controversial or daring). Thought-provoking is a positive adjective which can describe, e.g. a film, a plot, a performance, a soundtrack (makes you think seriously about something). Up-and-coming is a positive adjective which can describe, e.g. an actor, a director (a person who doesn’t have much experience of something but who is talented and likely to get better or become more well known).

6 1  risqué  ​​2  a box-office flop  ​​3  bombed  ​​ 4  up-and-coming  ​​5  sequel  ​​6  grossed  ​​ 7  hit the big screen  ​​8  cliché  ​​ 9  received rave reviews  ​​ 10  twists and turns  ​​11  far-fetched  ​​ 12  gripping, mesmerising 7 Students’ own answers

8 Students’ own answers

9 Students’ own answers

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6 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key Language checkpoint: Unit 3 Grammar revision p43 1 1  to help  ​​2  to listen  ​​3  dedicating  ​​ 4  eating  ​​5  both  ​​6  doing  ​​7  both  ​​ 8  both  ​​9  to bring  ​​10  preparing 2 a  reading  ​​b  to give  ​​c  do  ​​d  to play  ​​ e  to meet  ​​f to use  ​​g doing  ​​h to share  ​​ i  to understand/understand  ​​j  do/doing

Vocabulary revision p43 1  ​​ 1  it together  ​​2  through the presentation  ​​ 3  pick up  ​​4  out at me  ​​5  up with  ​​ 6  up  ​​7  on it 2 1  memorise  ​​2  bewildered  ​​ 3  articulate  ​​4  have a gift for  ​​ 5  perceive … as  ​​6  grasp 3 1  miscalculate  ​​2  sub-zero  ​​3  overrated  ​​ 4  underpaid  ​​5  supersonic  ​​ 6  co-producer  ​​7  reconsider

Unit 4 Reading pp44–45 1a 1  transmit (a disease)  ​​2  species  ​​ 3  parasite  ​​4  resistant  ​​5  prevalent  ​​ 6  genetic engineering   ​​7  contract (a disease)  ​​8  chromosome  ​​ 9  enzyme  ​​10  genetically modified 1b 1  chromosomes  ​​2  genetically modified  ​​ 3  transmit  ​​4  resistant  ​​5  contracted  ​​ 6  genetic engineering  ​​7  Enzymes  ​​ 8  Parasites  ​​9  species  ​​10  prevalent 2 Students’ own answers

3 Suggested answers Malaria is still prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa with a child dying every minute. Genetically modified mosquitoes could lead to an end to malaria by eliminating the female mosquitoes which transmit the disease.

4 1  D  ​​2  E  ​​3  B  ​​4  C  ​​5  F  ​​6  A 5 I-Ppol: the enzyme used in the DNA cutting process – essential for the process Dr Nikolai Windbichler: lead researcher from the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London – leading the research programme 627,000: deaths from malaria per year – high figure, large proportion of health care spent on malaria cases GMEP: a previous programme, halted through lack of funding – research could have come earlier

$12 billion: lost productivity due to malaria – economic implications of this Pirbright Institute: say mosquitoes not vital to ecosystems – shows there shouldn’t be any long-term negative effects

6 Example answers No, I don’t think humans have the right to do it, even though it might benefit our species and may make things better for us. Also, if you eliminate a whole species such as mosquitoes, other animals who relied on mosquitoes for food may also become extinct.

4 If I had known you were at home last night, I would have called you for help with my homework. 5 If you don’t water plants, they die. 6 If scientists had more funding, they could/would do more research. 7 If I hadn’t read this article, I wouldn’t have known/ wouldn’t know about this breakthrough. 8 You’ll enjoy this film if you like sci-fi. 9 If people read stories in the newspapers, they usually believe them. 10  If I wanted to do research on animals, I’d be a scientist.

7

4

wipe out = to destroy, get rid of offspring = the baby or babies of an animal die out = to become weaker or less common and then disappear completely paves the way = to create a situation that makes it possible or easier for something to happen rebound = to return to a better level or position keystone = something that is very important setback = a problem that delays or that stops progress niche = a small hole or space tackling = to make an organised and determined attempt to deal with a problem self-sustaining = independently providing the conditions in which something can happen

Students’ own answers

8 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context p46 1 1 zero = if + present simple, present simple first conditional = if + present simple, will + infinitive second conditional = if + past simple, would + infinitive third conditional = if + past perfect, would have + past participle 2 zero for situations that are generally or always true; first conditional to talk about possible and probable situations in the future, and their consequences; second conditional to talk about imaginary or improbable situations and their consequences; third conditional to talk about imaginary or impossible situations in the past and their consequences 3 a first conditional  ​​b  second conditional  ​​ c  zero conditional  ​​ d  third conditional

2 1  would not have appeared  ​​2  is  ​​ 3  weren’t  ​​4  should/will get  ​​ 5  hadn’t been  ​​6  will help  ​​7  would be  ​​ 8  hadn’t been/weren’t 3 Suggested answers 3 If my brother gets good marks, he will be able to study medicine next year.

5 1 providing/provided that you 2 Unless they succeed, they may lose 3 I wish we had seen 4 Suppose we can stop the situation 5 in case you need me 6 as long as you have 6 Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary p47 1 1  g  ​​2  f  ​​3  b  ​​4  h  ​​5  a  ​​6  e   ​​7  c  ​​8  d 2 1 e, 2 words, compound adjective 2 f, 1 word, compound noun 3 g, hyphenated, compound adjective 4 a, 1 word, compound noun 5 b, 1 word, compound adjective 6 c, 1 word, compound noun 7 h, 1 word, compound noun 8 d, 1 word, compound adjective 3 1  outset  ​​2  outcome  ​​3  crackdown  ​​ 4  outbreak  ​​5  cutback  ​​6  outlook  ​​ 7  feedback  ​​8  drawbacks 4 a  breakthrough  ​​b  genetically modified  ​​ c  offspring  ​​d  outset  ​​e  drawback  ​​ f  lifetime  ​​g worthwhile  ​​h  high-risk  ​​ i  crackdown  ​​j  outcome

Gateway to life skills pp48−49 1 Students’ own answers

2 1 Franz Messerli of Columbia University, as part of a study looking at the link between chocolate and intelligence. He tested the theory by comparing Nobel Prize winners and national chocolate consumption. 2 He found a clear correlation between intelligence and chocolate consumption, in most cases. 3 Sweden donates the prize and has more winners despite low chocolate consumption so he suggests a possible bias.

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7 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key 4 Other studies have found that chocolate is beneficial for the mental and physical health both of people and animals.

3

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

4 Students’ own answers

5 1 the news outlet: The quality and purpose of reporting will vary depending on the outlet. 2 the source and quotes: Good reporting happens when reporters have time to speak to the source. Sometimes journalists will “parrot” (repeat) information from a press release instead of doing their own research. 3 the references to scientific research: If research has been done by a reputable scientist and published in a respected journal, there is reason to believe that it is reliable. You can research these things online. Sometimes you can link from a journalist’s article to the original published research, to see if the conclusions match up. 4 the context and purpose: Good reporting is when the author talks to a range of scientists to try to get different perspectives. Sometimes scientific content is repurposed across lots of different channels. Each outlet has its own agenda. If there is no context then people don’t have enough information to understand the research. 5 correlation and causation: Correlation is not cause. We don’t know what other influencing factors are, and so we can’t draw a conclusion from a correlation.

6

the news outlet: while information is given about the scientist and university, no information is given about the news outlet to judge the quality and purpose of the reporting. the source and quotes: there are no direct quotes in the article the references to scientific research: the research was done by a reputable scientist, but there are no links or references in the article to see where it was published or what source it came from the context and purpose: the only context given for the research was that the scientist had read studies stating that cocoa was good for health, no other scientists are mentioned correlation and causation: the article suggests a strong correlation between chocolate consumption and intelligence, and concludes that chocolate is beneficial for health. However, no other influencing factors are considered

Listening p50 1 Students’ own answers

2 1  c  ​​2  a  ​​3  c  ​​4  a  ​​5  c  ​​6  b 3 4 1  Mixed  ​​2  a, b  ​​3  c 5 1  choose  ​​2  be  ​​3  have gone  ​​4  feel  ​​ 5  hadn’t lived  ​​6  speak  ​​7  be  ​​ 8  hadn’t lost 6 Students’ own answers

Developing speaking p51 1 1  A  ​​2  C  ​​3  D  ​​4  B  ​​5  C  ​​6  B   ​​7  D  ​​ 8  A, B, C 2 Students work in pairs to carefully read the phrases in the Speaking bank and to check any they are not sure of in their dictionaries. Elicit which words can be used to describe each of the charts and graphs.

3 Suggested answers Image A is a bar chart. It shows a diagrammatic comparison of statistics … The blue line in graph B shows that in 2008 13% strongly agreed that scientists made …. In the table in D we can see that 34% of 16–24-year-olds obtained information about science from the TV news …

4 Students’ own answers

5 Students’ own answers

6 Students’ own answers

Developing writing pp52–53 1 Students’ own answers

2 Students work in pairs to read the task, discuss the question and prepare the paragraph plan. Suggested answer Paragraph 1: introduction saying what the argument is about Paragraph 2: arguments to support the idea that creating viruses will help save lives in the future Paragraph 3: counterarguments, supporting the idea there will be devastating consequences if viruses are created Paragraph 4: students’ own opinion with reasons and examples

3 1  Yes  ​​ 2  Students’ own answers  ​​ 3  Students’ own answers 4a and 4b 1 Introducing and sequencing arguments Last but not least

2 Adding arguments Moreover A further criticism of 3 Making contrasts On the other hand Despite the fact that 4 Expressing consequences 5 Expressing your and other people’s opinions Some scientists claim There are people who argue that My own view is that 6 Concluding To sum up

7 1  given rise  ​​2  both  ​​3  in turn  ​​4  both  ​​ 5  side  ​​6  both  ​​7  both  ​​8  sparked off  ​​ 9  to change   ​​10  both 8 Students’ own answers

9 Example answers Positive: can avoid droughts; can stop crops dying because of heat or lack of rain; can make sure that key national events or sports events are not ruined by bad weather; can make sure we always have a white Christmas; could have a guaranteed week of sun every August Negative: could be bad for global warming; could affect weather patterns in a bad way; by changing the weather in one place it could affect the weather in a bad way in another place; firing rockets sounds dangerous and bad for the environment; the weather should be unpredictable

10 Suggested answer Paragraph 1: introducing the argument Paragraph 2: arguments for changing the weather Paragraph 3: arguments against changing the weather Paragraph 4: personal opinion with reasons and examples

11 Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 4 Grammar revision p55 1 1  would have done  ​​2  was/were  ​​ 3  don’t see  ​​4  catch  ​​5  ‘ll walk  ​​ 6  had seen  ​​7  wouldn’t be able 2 1  long  ​​2  case  ​​3  Supposing  ​​4  only  ​​ 5  Providing  ​​6  Unless 3 • If you had helped me, I wouldn’t be annoyed today. • If we didn’t have an exam today, we could have gone out last night.

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8 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key • If I wasn’t afraid of heights, I’d have gone to the top. • If I knew French, I could have translated it. • If he had taken his medication, he wouldn’t be sick (now). • If we were old enough, they’d have let us in. • If she had got the job, she’d be happy now.

Vocabulary revision p55 1 Students complete the compound nouns or adjectives. Answers 1  crackdown  ​​2  cutbacks  3  feedback  ​​ 4  outset  ​​5  worthwhile  6  breakthrough  ​​ 7  drawbacks  ​​8  lifetime

2 Suggested answers • to make something happen • because • to cause something to happen • because of • as a result of something that is related • result from

3 1  prevalent  ​​2  species  ​​3  contracted  ​​ 4  transmitted  ​​5  parasites  ​​6  resistant

Gateway to exams: Units 3–4 Reading p56 1 1  C  ​​2  B  ​​3  A  ​​4  E  ​​5  F  ​​6  D

Speaking p57 2

4 Students’ own answers

Writing p57 5 Students’ own answers

Use of English p57 6 1 would force us to learn 2 provided (that) there are strict regulations 3 wish we had studied anatomy 4 kept on working 5 I did manage to finish it 6 Supposing time travel was/were possible 7 doing research into 8 would be able to find

1a Students’ own answers

h will, reduce

6

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

3 1  T  ​​2  F  ​​3  NG  ​​4  F  ​​5  NG  ​​6  T  ​​ 7  NG  ​​8  NG 4 Example answers I would say that no-one had been hurt and that nothing had been destroyed or ruined as a result of the action, so it wouldn’t be worth taking to court financially. Suggested punishments would be a small fine for putting feet on seats in public transport if the person continues to do it after a warning. For skateboarding, I don’t think they should be punished and should be encouraged to do exercise in designated areas. Loud music is annoying on public transport, so maybe as a punishment people should be asked to leave the train or the station if they are listening to music too loudly.

5 forthcoming = happening or coming soon summons = an official document that orders someone to appear in court repercussions = a bad effect that something has charged = officially accuse someone of committing a crime magistrates = a judge in a court for minor offences slammed = criticise severely (informal) careering = move forwards quickly in an uncontrolled way nuisance = something that is annoying

Grammar in context p60

Students’ own answers

f  starts/will start   ​​g  are going to hand  ​​

2

Students’ own answers

3

Reading pp58–59

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

Unit 5

1b

1 1  f  ​​2  c  ​​3  e  ​​4  a  ​​5  b  ​​6  d 2 1  leaves  ​​2  are going to  ​​3  am meeting  ​​ 4  ‘ll have  ​​5  going to rain  ​​6  is going to  ​​ 7  ‘m going to  ​​8  ‘ll 3 1  ‘ll call  ​​2  starts  ​​3  Are, doing  ​​ 4  ‘m going to be  ​​5  ’re going to visit  ​​ 6  ‘ll feel  ​​7  getting  ​​8  ‘m going to try/’m trying

4 1 Oh no! It’s going to crash. 2 I’m sorry. I’m seeing the dentist. 3 Excuse me. What time does the train get in? 4 I think the crime rate will improve. 5 I’m sorry. I ‘m going to go to bed. 6 What time does the library close? 7 Don’t worry. I’ll lend you mine. 8 I think we’re going to lose.

5 a  are going to patrol  ​​b  will pay  ​​ c  will cause  ​​d  will cross   ​​e  are holding  ​​

Developing vocabulary p61 1  ​​ 1  addition  ​​2  aid  ​​3  account  ​​4  means  ​​ 5  strength  ​​6  touch  ​​7  behalf  ​​8  process 2a 1  on account of  ​​2  by means of  ​​ 3  on behalf of 2b Students’ own answers

4 1  out of touch with  ​​2  on behalf of  ​​ 3  on account of  ​​4  in the process of  ​​ 5  by means of  ​​6  on the strength of  ​​ 7  in aid of  ​​8  in addition to 5 The argument for a ban on smoking outdoors is less clear than for a ban on smoking indoors. The article gives both sides of the argument.

6 a  addition  ​​b  in  ​​c  has  ​​d  whole  ​​e  on  ​​ f  of  ​​g  being  ​​h  out  ​​i  on  ​​j  well  ​​ k  against  ​​l  of  ​​m  on  ​​n  in  ​​o reason 7 Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills pp62−63 1 Students’ own answers

2 Students’ own answers

3 Suggested answers Easy to forget you have an audience, not being polite can disrupt online groups and spoil the atmosphere. Easy for misunderstandings to occur from the written word without any non-verbal clues. Also the written word is permanent so you should reflect before sending angry communications.

4 1 Fine to use emoticons and abbreviations in informal communications, but use more formal language and check grammar and spelling for more formal ones. 2 Without non-verbal clues what you’ve written can be misunderstood. 3 Make sure it reflects the content. 4 You should never forward them without the author’s permission. 5 To provoke a response. The sender may be busy or unable to reply immediately. 6 No, unless it’s essential that they read it.

5

Students’ own answers

6 Students’ own answers

7 Students’ own answers

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9 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key 8 Suggested answers 1 Have you ever had an experience of ‘bad netiquette’? What was it? • Using abbreviations that are hard to understand. • People being too informal in emails. 2 Which rules of netiquette do you follow? Which behaviour could you improve? • Yuvraj is careful to use the correct form of address in his emails. • Chloe is careful about her tone and always tries to be polite. • Sam doesn’t say anything online that he would not say in person. • Emily thinks she uses too many exclamation marks and capital letters. 3 Are there any other rules of netiquette you would like people to use? • Yuvraj and Bea would like to see correct spelling, grammar and punctuation. • Chloe likes when people respond to every point and question in her emails. • Ousama likes people to say online what they would say in person. 4 What do you think are the three most important rules? Some examples: • Know your audience. / Think about who you are writing to. • Don’t use emoticons or abbreviations where they’re not appropriate. • Be polite and only say what you would say in a face-to-face conversation. • Be careful about your tone so that you’re not misinterpreted. • Answer every question you are asked. • Only criticise if it’s constructive. • Remember that anything you say online is permanent, and will be there forever.

Listening p64 1 Students’ own answers

2 Suggested answers 1 people 2 by analysing past behaviour 3 to make money 4 parents don’t trust them 5 learn from their mistakes​ 6 give the quickest route 7 as a safety precaution 8 They accept it. 8 companies and their employees 9 check the privacy policy

3

Students’ own answers

4 1  c  ​​2  b  ​​3  d  ​​4  a

5 1  finishing  ​​2  have been  ​​3  be doing  ​​ 4  have started work  ​​5  of starting  ​​ 6  have been  ​​7  have got  ​​8  be living 6 Students’ own answers

2 and 3 Students’ own answers 9 Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 5

Developing speaking p65

Grammar revision p69

1

1 1  is going to  ​​2  ‘m leaving  ​​3  end  ​​ 4  ‘ll go  ​​5  ‘re going  ​​6  will fall 2 1  making  ​​2  will have been working  ​​ 3  will be having  ​​4  will have fixed  ​​ 5  will have been running  ​​6  will be lying  ​​ 7  will have been married 3 1 a representative from the company will

Students’ own answers

2 Students’ own answers

3 Students’ own answers

4 Students’ own answers

Developing writing pp66–67 1 1 to improve language skills, develop soft skills 2 The school has received strong support.

2

Students’ own answers

3 The writer is opposed to the ban as she thinks it wouldn’t work, and would be difficult to enforce. She thinks there are more important things to focus on.

4 Students’ own answers

5a 1  a number of  ​​2  the vast majority of  ​​ 3  merely  ​​4  highly  ​​5  numerous  ​​ 6  providing 5b Suggested answers 10 It is highly inappropriate … 11 Numerous schools … 12 … a number of complaints 13 The vast majority of students … 14 This is merely another way … 15 The school provides …

6

I am writing to complain/protest about … To make matters worse, I should like to draw your attention to … Might I suggest (that) you …? Yours faithfully

7 The letter uses: fixed formal expressions: Dear Sir/ Madam, Yours faithfully, I am writing to … conjunctions usually found in written English: On the one hand, In conclusion, etc. modal verbs to add distance and be polite: I should like to, might I suggest that you, etc. rhetorical questions at the end of paragraphs words in full – no contractions: I am writing to, etc.

8 1 The manager asked Michelle and her friends to wait outside the cinema because she said they had caused problems in the cinema on previous occasions.

be waiting 2 I’ll have been going 3 ✓ 4 I’ll have read 5 it’s going to rain 6 ✓ 7 you’ll still be living

Vocabulary revision p69 1 1  on  ​​2  to  ​​3  on  ​​4  in  ​​5  by  ​​6  with  ​​ 7  of​​ 2 1  issued, non-  ​​2  lodge  ​​3  suspended  ​​ 4  judge, community  ​​5  banned 3 Suggested answers 1 I have a lot of/lots of friends. 2 Some students are absent. 3 Most of his fans like his new look. 4 This manoeuvre can be very dangerous. 5 The hotel will give us a hot meal. 6 This is just a joke.

Unit 6 Reading pp70–71 1a 1  landlord/landlady  ​​2  move in  ​​ 3  tenant  ​​4  flat-/house-hunt  ​​ 5  do up (a property)  ​​6  fully-furnished  ​​ 7  put down a deposit  ​​8  flat/house share  ​​ 9  squatter  ​​10  lodger 2 A Lives with an elderly person. To help with chores and benefit from quiet and comfortable accommodation. B Lives in a room in a flat. It’s in the area he wanted – he found speed flatsharing convenient and easy. C Lives in a former hospital to save money and live somewhere central. D Lives on a barge as it cost about the same to buy the barge as it would to pay for three years’ accommodation.

3 1  A/D  ​​2  D/A  ​​3  D  ​​4  A  ​​5  C  ​​6  B  ​​7  C  ​​ 8  D  ​​9  A  ​​10  D  ​​11  B  ​​12  B  ​​13  C

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10 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key 4 Example answer I would prioritise having friendly people to live with and a clean house because I’m a tidy person. I would want a property that’s fully-furnished, too, because it would be expensive to buy lots of new furniture when you’re a student. Location wouldn’t be a big priority, but I would want to live somewhere safe and with good public transport.

1b

her room 2 threatened to call our parents 3 asked Anita if she was doing 4 accused Sandra of always making excuses 5 ordered Sarah to pay her/the bill 6 suggested Matt spoke to his

6

Students’ own answers

7

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

5 ground rules = the limits or boundaries in terms of behaviour a bit of a nightmare = difficult, unpleasant turn up unannounced = visit without telling someone in advance in the same boat = in the same difficult situation beats trawling = it’s better than looking through a lot of information handy with DIY = able to do repairs it’s worth the hassle = the benefits compensate for the difficulties mod cons = modern conveniences, e.g. fridge, microwave pokey = small and uncomfortable dodgy = not reliable or safe

6 Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary p73 1 Students’ own answers

2 1  a  ​​2  g  ​​3  d  ​​4  h  ​​5  e  ​​6  c  ​​7  f  ​​ 8  b 3 1 … it wasn’t anything to write home about. 2 … like home from home. 3 … homed in on them. 4 … brings it home to you. 5 … is (quite) at home with it. 6 … home truths. 7 … home and dry (yet). 4 1  B  ​​2  C  ​​3  A  ​​4  D  ​​5  B  ​​6  B  ​​7  D  ​​ 8  D  ​​9  C  ​​10  A  ​​11  D  ​​12  A 5 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context p72 1a a He said, ‘I didn’t do it.’ b A friend said, ‘Why don’t you try speed flatsharing?’ c He said, ‘I won’t repair it.’ d They said, ‘We were wondering if you would like to live on a boat.’

1b 3  wonder  ​​4  refuse  ​​6  deny  ​​8  suggest 2 a  4  ​​b  5  ​​c  1  ​​d  6 3 Suggested answers 2 criticised ‘You’ve left the house in a mess,’ he told us. 3 reminded ‘Don’t forget to take your keys,’ my landlady said. 4 offered ‘Shall/Can I cook dinner?’ I asked Edith. 5 wanted to know ‘Do we have to pay a deposit?’ we asked.

4 1  that I try/on me trying  ​​2  to have/that they had  ​​ 3  going/that he had gone  ​​ 4  to pay  ​​5  all correct  ​​6  to visit/they would visit

5 1 congratulated Cathy on/for painting

Gateway to life skills pp74−75 1 In photo 1, one housemate has left all the dirty dishes in the sink. In photo 2, one boy is trying to study while the girl is playing the drums and making a lot of noise.

2 Students’ own answers

3 Students’ own answers

4 Suggested answers 1  It is normal. 2 Pay attention when there are signs that your flatmate may be annoyed with you. 3 Find a time when neither of you are busy. 4 Talk about behaviour, not personality traits. 5 Have another talk and find a solution both of you are happy with. 6 Don’t talk about the problem behind your flatmate’s back. 7 Don’t leave messages, speak to the other person. 8 Be respectful and listen to each other instead of losing your temper and shouting. Take time to cool off.

5

​​Suggested answers Mark: Feels he has to nag Asha and Ethan to look after their guinea pig.

Clare: Feels as though she is constantly tidying up after the rest of the family. Asha: Wants to watch TV while Ethan wants to use the TV to play on his games console. Ethan: Gets into trouble with his dad for leaving lights on and wasting energy.

6 Suggested answers The family are not very good at resolving conflict at the moment, because they get cross and shout, or nag each other. However they have good ideas for resolving conflict in the future. For example, Mark and Asha suggest rotas so that cleaning out the guinea pig and screentime are shared. Clare suggests being patient, consistent and willing to compromise. Ethan suggests that he should try harder to remember his chores.

Listening p76 1 Students’ own answers

2 Students’ own answers

3 1  one billion dollars  ​​2  27  ​​3  a mythical island  ​​ 4  three helicopter pads  ​​ 5  repairing and maintaining  ​​6  oil  ​​ 7  exterior/(opulent) appearance  ​​ 8  (about) nine  ​​9  local materials 4 Students’ own answers

5a The sentences in exercise 5a are passive because the person who is saying, reporting, claiming, etc. is not known or not important, and/or because the writer does not want the reader to think that he/ she is expressing his/her own opinion.

5b Pattern A: c, e, f Pattern B: a, b, d

5c 1  a, b, d, e  ​​2  c, f  ​​3  a, d, e  ​​4  b, c, f 6 1 It is suggested that the house took years to build. 2 It is estimated that the house is worth 15 times more. 3 The house is known to have three helicopter pads. 4 It has been reported that he is living in New York now. 5 The house is believed to have been updated.

7 1 The house is said to have a lot of space. 2 The gardens are reported to be indoors. 3 It has been suggested that there is a yoga room. 4 Celebrities are known to have visited (the house). 5 It is said that another house is being built.

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11 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key Developing speaking p77 1 Example answer There’s a teenage boy wearing a blue hoody working at his desk. He’s probably doing his homework because he looks as if he’s concentrating! In the background there’s a window with a view of a garden and to the right of his desk there’s a poster on the wall. I think the room is his bedroom because it looks like a teenager’s room.

2 The examiner asks: Can you describe the picture? Do you think the boy is happy having such an untidy bedroom? What jobs do you do around the house? What’s your bedroom like? The student answers all four questions.

3 Presumably (at start); Obviously (at start); carelessly (end); probably (middle); Luckily (start); To be honest (start); personally (start); Generally speaking (start); definitely (middle)

4 Suggested answers 1 To be honest/Honestly/(Quite) Frankly … 2 Apparently … 3 Personally … 4 Undoubtedly/Obviously/Clearly … 5 Apparently/Presumably … 6 foolishly/He foolishly agreed to help. (change in word order) 7 definitely 8 Sadly/Unfortunately …

5a

Students’ own answers

5b Students’ own answers

2 steeped in, vibrant, welcoming,

2 well-connected = having good

historic, bustling, well-connected 3 Students’ own ideas

transport connections; well-off = rich 3 ✓ 4 ✓ 5 hilly = with hills; sprawling = spread out over a wide area 6 ✓ 7 ✓

6

The text has an attention-grabbing headline: Looking for quality of life? Look no further! including a direct question. It addresses the reader directly, using: you and your If … is (more) your scene Imagine …

7 Students’ own answers

8 Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 6 Grammar revision p81 1 1 They accused me of stealing the laptop. 2 ✓ 3 My friend denied having done anything wrong. 4 The police wanted to know what the group of teenagers had been doing in the street. 5 The authorities advised against driving in the snow./ The authorities advised us/ them/people not to drive in the snow. 6 Ed suggested learning to play the guitar./Ed suggested that I (should) learn to play the guitar. 7 ✓ 8 Ben apologised for waking everybody up. 9 She insisted on paying for the meal, even though she didn’t have much money. 10  The neighbours threatened to call the police.

2 1 It was claimed that nobody could build

Developing writing pp78–79 1 Students’ own answers

2 Students’ own answers

3 Students’ own answers

4 Students’ own answers

5a 1  quaint  ​​2  bustling  ​​3  welcoming  ​​ 4  sprawling  ​​5  run-down/shabby  ​​ 6  cosmopolitan  ​​7  steeped in  ​​ 8  renowned for 5b 1 Negative words: crowded, filthy, isolated, run-down, shabby, sprawling, touristy Positive words: atmospheric, bustling, cosmopolitan, magnificent, picturesque, quaint, spotless, steeped in, thriving, vibrant, welcoming, well-connected, well-off Neutral words: hilly, historic, industrial, renowned for

such a tall building. 2 Johnson was known to have been at the scene of the crime. 3 The houses are believed to be unsafe. 4 At first, it was said that the telephone was a useless invention. 5 The burglar was thought to have known exactly what he was looking for. 6 The car was believed to be his. 7 It is said that home is where the heart is. 8 It has been suggested that the family owns three houses elsewhere.

Vocabulary revision p81 1 1  from  ​​2  truths  ​​3  dry  ​​4  anything  ​​ 5  brought  ​​6  in  ​​7  takes​​  ​​ 2 1  deposit  ​​2  landlord  ​​3  move  ​​ 4  furnished  ​​5  share/mate  ​​6  squatters  ​​ 7  doing  ​​8  tenants 3 1 bustling = busy and lively; thriving =

Gateway to exams: Units 5–6 Listening p82 1 1  1414  ​​ 2  the Queen  ​​3  the French   ​​4  English … French  ​​5  blue  ​​ 6  description  ​​7  ID cards  ​​8  First World War  ​​9  1988  ​​ 10  immigration control  ​​11  fingerprints  ​​12  holograms  ​​ 13  Golden Eye  ​​14  £15,525

Use of English p82 2 Students read the text and complete the gaps with one word. Answers a  on  ​​b  be  ​​c  every  ​​d  truth  ​​ e  estimated  ​​f  in  ​​g  which  ​​h What  ​​ i only  ​​ j than  ​​ k to  ​​ l are  ​​ m  or  ​​n but  ​​ o may/might

Speaking p83 3 Students’ own answers

Writing p83 4 Students’ own answers

Unit 7 Reading pp84–85 1a Students’ own answers

1b a  brand name   ​​b  banner(s)  ​​c  freebies  ​​ d  word-of-mouth publicity  ​​e  cold calls  ​​ f  endorse  ​​g  billboards  ​​h  launch a marketing campaign

2 Students’ own answers

3 Suggested answers The main picture shows a video blogger. The article says that video bloggers particularly influence young people, so are useful to advertisers. The images of the girl taking a selfie, the smartphone and the mouse represent the article’s comments on social media and how it is breaking down the barriers between advertisers and buyers and how social media is likely to be the future of marketing.

4 1  d  ​​2  a  ​​3  d  ​​4  c  ​​5  b  ​​6  c

successful

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12 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key 5 Example answer I agree to some extent as advertising is designed to make you act impulsively and without thinking. Most of the time you can resist and people are aware of the methods advertisers use.

6 purchasing = to acquire by the payment of money savvy = knowing a lot about something and able to make good judgments about it relatable = something you can understand and feel connected to followings = people who support or admire the work of another person to hold sway = to be the main influence on people’s opinions or behaviour buzz = a sense of excitement or interest created around or about someone or something challenged = invited by someone to compete or fight retailer = a person or company that sells goods directly to the public for their own use

7

photo both mean that Suzie played a part in achieving the result (the photo being taken). The structure get something done is less formal than have something done.

6 1  tested  ​​2  to give  ​​3  fix  ​​4  to do  ​​ 5  made

Developing vocabulary p87 1 1  -ic  ​​2  -ible  ​​3  -al  ​​4  -ant  ​​5  -ive  ​​ 6  -y  ​​7  -able  ​​8  -less  ​​9  -ful  ​​10  -ish 2 effective, funny, helpful/helpless, optimistic, original, predictable, resistant, sensitive/senseless/sensible, thoughtful/ thoughtless, youngish

3 effectively, funnily, helpfully, helplessly, optimistically, originally, predictably, sensitively, senselessly, sensibly, thoughtfully, thoughtlessly

Grammar in context p86 1 1 a 2 e 3 b = past simple, c = future with will, d = present perfect 4 the action 5 No, because the agent is not always known, or it is not important or necessary to know who did the action.

2 a  are exposed   ​​b  are shown   ​​c  are asked  ​​ d  are analysed   ​​e  has been used   ​​ f  be read  ​​g  being brainwashed 3 1 two (1a – celebrities, huge sums of money; 2a – visitors to the shop, a $10 coupon) 2 the person

4 1 We are/get sold a load of things we

5

No. In all three sentences, Suzie’s friend took the photo of Suzie. In a, we don’t know whether Suzie asked her friend to take her photo. All we know is that her photo was taken by her friend. In b and c, Suzie is active in causing the friend to take her photo. She got a friend to take her photo and she had a friend take her

Students’ own answers

2 Students’ own answers

3 Suggested answers 1 Probably more disadvantages currently, however, there is hope that some of the disadvantages can be overcome as knowledge and awareness increase. 2 The skills they will need to become successful in business are changing. Academic qualifications may become less important than knowledge of the world and global issues.

4

Advantages For industrialised countries

Economic growth

Global warming

For developing Industrial countries growth

Low wages and poor conditions

5 Students’ own answers autograph = a) self collectable = b) adjective creative = b) adjective criticism = b) noun endorsement = b) noun famous = b) adjective imagination = b) noun instantaneous = b) adjective intensify = b) verb likelihood = b) noun modernise = b) verb multi-purpose = a) many officially = b) adverb originality = b) noun post-concert = a) after powerful = b) adjective pre-concert = a) before readiness = b) noun Suggested answers nationality, (inter)national, (inter)nationalist, (inter)nationalise, (inter)nationalisation; ability, ably, unable, inability, disable, disabled, disability, disablement, disabling; product, production, (un)productive, productivity, producer, by-product; (in)action, (in)active, (in)activity, (in)activate, (in)actively, activist, actor, actress, actuary, actual, actually, actuality, enact, enactment, re-enact; cookery, cooker, cookbook, (un)cooked, cooking, cookie

8 a  increasingly  ​​b  existence  ​​c  variety  ​​ d  attention  ​​e  unpredictable  ​​ f  Unfortunately  ​​g  discoveries  ​​ h  effectively  ​​i standardise  ​​j  accessible

Disadvantages

Cheap goods Issues if supply Wide choice is disrupted

It makes the answer less definite, it’s an approximation for numbers and descriptions.

7

don’t really need. 2 I was bought a present by my friends. 3 You are going to be offered a refund. 4 He was taught some new marketing strategies. 5 I was shown a great new advert on the Net (by my sister). 6 You may be promised a free gift.  ​​

1

4

6

Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills pp88−89

Ethical considerations for workers in developing countries

Employment

5 Students’ own answers

6 Suggested answers 1 Their job – Jana: Finance and business analyst at a publishing house. Analyses market and product data to generate reports for senior management. – Andy: IT Support and Development Officer. Supports the company’s IT needs, builds websites, designs software. – Cey: CEO and Producer/Director at a video production company. Produces video for creative and promotional purposes. 2 The positive effects of globalisation – Working with people from all around the world. – Getting information very quickly about how global economies have changed. 3 The negative effects of globalisation – Jana: The company has to change strategies if countries’ economies start performing differently. – Andy: changes in global exchange rates can mean that buying hardware becomes more expensive. – Cey: It can be tricky to make sure that staff across the world are being paid fairly. 4 The methods of communication they use – email; video calling/conferencing, e.g. Skype; instant messaging; phone; summarising with an email after a voice conversation. – face-to-face meetings if possible

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13 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key 5 The skills needed in the global workplace – language skills, especially English – communication skills: written and verbal – awareness of other cultures, openmindedness about other cultures and people from different backgrounds

Listening p90 1 Example answers 1 The logo on the left is possibly on items of food or household items that are ecologically friendly. The logo on the right is probably on containers and materials that are recyclable. 2 Students’ own answers 3 Greenwashing probably means washing clothes or dishes in a way that is kind to the environment. Ask students to check whether this answer is correct during their first listening.

2 1  c  ​​2  b  ​​3  c  ​​4  b  ​​5  d 3 Students’ own answers

Developing speaking pp90–91 1 Students’ own answers

2 They choose the car advert because the message is simple and clear, and the image is attractive.

3 1 Yes 2 No, not always (they disagreed about liking chocolate and about the phone ad) 3 Yes 4 Yes, more or less

4

Suggested answers Asking your partner’s opinion: So what do you reckon?/ Do you have an/any idea which/what/how …?/What’s your opinion of …? Making suggestions: How about …-ing?/ Shall we …?/ We could …/Perhaps we’d better … Agreeing with your partner: I see your point./Sure./ You’re right. Partially agreeing with your partner: I see your point, but …/OK, but …/I can see what you’re saying, but …/I know what you mean, but …

5 Students’ own answers

6 Students’ own answers

Developing writing pp92–93 1 Students’ own answers

2 Suggested answers 1  The most commonly used media for advertising  ​​2  The positive and negative aspects of advertising  ​​ 3  Recommendations

3 1  T  ​​2  T  ​​3  F (A number of goes with plural countable nouns.)  ​​4  T  ​​ 5  T  ​​ 6  T  ​​7  T 4 1  each advert  ​​2  correct  ​​3  correct  ​​ 4  correct  ​​5  all day/every day  ​​ 6  Every one of the actors has …  ​​ 7  I have no interest …  ​​8  have worked 5 Students’ own answers 1  for a large multinational company  ​​ 2  more formal  ​​3  no  ​​4  because these impersonal structures are more formal and add distance  ​​5  also (addition), Consequently (consequence), However (contrast), Moreover (addition). They are formal words and help to structure the report.

6a 1 chic/classic/glamorous/smart/ sophisticated/trendy  ​​4  scruffy  ​​ 3  tight  ​​ 4  baggy/loose  ​​5  plain  ​​6  check 6b Example answers The woman in the photo on the left is wearing bright red tights with black shoes. She has a bag that’s the same colour as her tights. Her dress is a black and white pattern and she’s wearing a long blue necklace. She’s very stylish and chic. The man on the right is wearing smart trousers with braces and a plain white loose shirt. He’s wearing quite a smart hat. His braces and hat are oldfashioned, but he looks trendy. He also looks quite casual and relaxed.

6c Students’ own answers

7 Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 7 Grammar revision p95 1 1 ✓ 2 Don’t worry, the money has been received. 3 After being seen by the doctor, she left the hospital. 4 I was told the truth. (The original is grammatically correct but an unusual use.) 5 This is the apartment that we are staying in. (The original is grammatically correct but an unusual use.) 6 The packages are being sent by airmail next week. 7 I’m being met by two friends at the airport.

2 1 has his hair cut 2 picked up by her mum 3 are getting their house decorated 4 them deliver 5 was thought to have known exactly what he was looking for 6 got/had the present wrapped by 7 have them print

3 1  each  ​​2  None  ​​3  All  ​​4  no  ​​5  one  ​​ 6  has

Vocabulary revision p95 1 1  sensibly  ​​2  misunderstanding  ​​ 3  pointless  ​​4  originality  ​​ 5  unpredictable  ​​6  increasingly  ​​ 7  immediately 2 1  freebie  ​​2  endorse  ​​3  calls  ​​ 4  campaign  ​​5  word-of-mouth  ​​ 6  brand  ​​7  billboard 3 Suggested answers 1 not smart; everyday (clothes) 2 start a new fashion 3 would never wear that 4 go together because of the colour, pattern or style 5 not tight, not fitting closely 6 having a pattern of lines of different colours

Unit 8 Reading pp96–97 1a 1  f iii  ​​2  e vi  ​​3  c i  ​​4  b vii  ​​5  j viii  ​​ 6  i x  ​​7  h ii  ​​8  g ix  ​​9  d iv   ​​10  a v 1b 1  neck  ​​2  heart  ​​3  ear  ​​4  hair  ​​ 5  mind  ​​6  nail 1c Students’ own answers

2 1  B  ​​2  D  ​​3  E  ​​4  A  ​​5  F  ​​6  C 3 1 The cord snapped, she was still tied to the bungee cord with her ankles strapped together, so she was dragged under the water when the cord got caught. There were crocodiles in the river and the water was dirty. The paramedics got lost and then she was pulled out of the water by a man with no medical training. Her lungs had partially collapsed. She ended up in Zimbabwe without a passport. 2 She put her hands over her head so that her head was protected. The river was full after recent rain. She managed to dive down and free the rope. She wedged her arm between rocks to stop being swept away. She knew enough first aid to put herself in the recovery position.

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14 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key 4 Example answer I think after this kind of experience you would be very cautious about doing a bungee jump or something similar again. However, you might also feel extremely lucky to be a survivor and appreciate life more.

5 give it a go = to try something gorge = a deep valley with high sides where a river has cut through rock blur = not clearly visible, usually when moving very fast rush = a feeling of sudden, intense excitement slapped = hit, usually with the palm of the hand wedge = fix in a small space between two objects clinging = holding tightly strapped = held together with a narrow piece of material zoomed = moved very fast and with great energy jolt = a sudden violent movement

Developing vocabulary p99 1 1a clear = obvious 1b clear = without clouds, rain, etc. 2a fair = pleasant and not raining 2b fair = reasonable/just 3a cover = put (something) over (something) 3b cover = travel a certain distance 4a pick up = gain or improve (pick up speed = accelerate) 4b pick up = meet and take somebody (in a vehicle) 5a since = from (a point in time) until now 5b since = because

2 1  e  ​​2  f  ​​3  a  ​​4  d  ​​5  g  ​​6  c  ​​7  b (point is a verb here)

3 1 understand your argument 2 say what you want to say quickly and

1 1 present participle: b, c, d and f (in b,

precisely 3 made a convincing argument 4 failed to understand the argument 5 about to 6 partly but not completely 7 have a strong argument (but I don’t necessarily agree with it) 8 a time/place/stage when you have to continue something because you can’t stop and go back or start it again

having finished = present perfect form); past participle: a and e 2 past participle 3 having done 4 yes

Students’ own answers

6 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context p98

2 1  the boat  ​​2  Being  ​​3  both  ​​ 4  climbing  ​​5  this story is one of my favourites  ​​ 6  Blamed 3 1  Walking  ​​2  learning  ​​3  Taught/ Having been taught  ​​4  Having learnt  ​​ 5  qualifying  ​​6  Having been caught 4 1 knowing much about animals 2 making sure (that) 3 Hit by the car/Having been hit by the car 4 performed in 2005 5 since she is totally fearless 6 fearing (that) there was no solution/ fearing no solution would be found 7 Not being able to see where/Being unable to see where 8 given the chance to play

5

​​E xample answers 2 what do you still find hard? 3 what do you do to relax your muscles? 4 do you prefer making notes or doing practice papers? 5 how do you pass the time? 6 what do you do together? 7 how do you get someone’s attention? 8 are you still interested in politics?

4 1  spot  ​​2  tip  ​​3  account  ​​4  hard  ​​ 5  clear  ​​6  break  ​​7  draw  ​​8  catch 5 6 Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills pp100−101 1 Students’ own answers

2 Suggested answer The author used books to help him understand the world around him.

3 Suggested answer Like the author of the quote in exercise 2, the article says that reading fiction is more than just a hobby, it’s a way to experience life and the lives of other people and therefore understand it better.

4 1 we don’t know yet. 2 it helps us to experience the lives of other people and understand them better. 3 reading fiction affects your personality. 4 empathise with people. 5 understand the thoughts and feelings of other people. 6 areas such as politics, business and education.

5

Students’ own answers

6 Students’ own answers

7 Students’ own answers

Listening p102 1 Students’ own answers

2 Students’ own answers

3 1  G  ​​2  B  ​​3  C  ​​4  D  ​​5  E  ​​6  B  ​​7  F  ​​ 8  C  ​​9  E  ​​10  A 4 1 Speaker 1: ran in a race, Speaker 2: gave a speech, Speaker 3: organised a sports competition, Speaker 4: went hiking, Speaker 5: went sailing 2 and 3  Students’ own answers

Developing speaking pp102–103 1 Students’ own answers

2 The task does not ask students to describe the photos. It is asking them to choose one of the three activities that they think is most suitable for the visiting British friend, and to explain why they chose that activity and why they rejected the other options.

3 She chooses walking because you can chat and catch up on news as you walk. The other questions she answers are: Is it important to get outdoors? Why do you think young people spend less time outdoors nowadays?

4 The expressions allow the speaker to pause and to take some time to think about what they are going to say next. Suggested title: Useful expressions to give you more/ extra thinking time

5 1 We use less with uncountable nouns and fewer with plural countable nouns. 2 Yes, we can replace so with as with no change in meaning. We can’t use so in affirmative sentences. 3 as 4 They emphasise how big (or small) the difference is between things that are being compared. 5 With normal comparatives: a great deal, considerably, significantly, far and more and more With superlatives: by far and easily With (not) as/so … as: nearly

6 1  far more  ​​2  as  ​​3  as  ​​4  better  ​​ 5  fitter  ​​6  fewer  ​​7  darker  ​​8  easily 7 Students’ own answers

8 Students’ own answers

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15 of 20

B2+

Student’s Book answer key Developing writing pp104–105 1a 1  up  ​​2  lift  ​​3  air  ​​4  moon  ​​ 5  world, cloud, seventh 1b 1  lit  ​​2  bright  ​​3  tunnel  ​​4  brightened 1c Being low or falling: 3, 4, 6, 7 Darkness or dark colours: 1, 2, 5

1d Students’ own answers

2 Students’ own answers

3 Students’ own answers

4 Both essays are on the same topic – the question of whether money can make us happy. Essay 1 is an opinion essay. It asks you to agree or disagree with the statement and to express your opinion. Essay 2 is a for-and-against essay. It asks you to give both sides of the argument and to express your opinion at the end.

5 Suggested answers 1 Essay 1, the opinion essay 2 Paragraph 1: to introduce the topic and give the writer’s opinion Paragraph 2: to give the main reason for the writer’s opinion Paragraph 3: to give an additional reason to support the writer’s opinion Paragraph 4: to counter an argument against the writer’s opinion and give further reason to support the writer’s view Paragraph 5: a conclusion and summary of the writer’s opinion 3 To write the other type of essay, the essay needs to be planned as follows. Paragraph 1: an introduction that expresses the two opposing views without expressing the writer’s opinion Paragraph 2: expands on the view that money can buy happiness and provides more arguments for the notion that happiness can be bought Paragraph 3: includes the writer’s points against the notion that money can buy happiness Paragraph 4: a conclusion and summary of the writer’s opinion

6 Suggested answers a  However  ​​b  certainly  ​​c  foremost  ​​ d  Moreover  ​​e  convinced  ​​f result   ​​g All

7 Title 1: opinion essay Title 2: for-and-against essay

Language checkpoint: Unit 8

Writing p109 3

Grammar revision p107

Students’ own answers

1 1  Having written  ​​2  hurt  ​​3  using  ​​ 4  Given/Having been given  ​​ 5  Having eaten  ​​6  Practising  ​​ 7  Not knowing  ​​8  Being washed 2 1 … as easy as skateboarding. 2 ✓ 3 … getting faster and faster. 4 … the same problems as young people

Speaking p109

in the 1950s. 5 … they take fewer risks … 6 The earlier you leave, the sooner you’ll get there.

Vocabulary revision p107 1 Suggested answers 1 point = reason 2 cover = travel a distance 3 clear = obvious 4 account = description or report 5 spot = place 6 break = opportunity 7 catch = hear Students’ own answers for the further explanations

2 Suggested answers 1  soul-destroying/heart-breaking  ​​ 2  breakneck  ​​3  hair-raising  ​​4  nail-biting  ​​ 5  heartwarming  ​​6  eye-catching  ​​ 7  ear-splitting

3 1  a – on air  ​​2  e – in seventh heaven  ​​ 3  f – in the dumps  ​​4  d – at the end of the tunnel  ​​ 5  c – over the rest of the evening  ​​ 6  b – of the world 3 1 This is by far the most exciting holiday I’ve ever had. 2 He was slightly faster than me because he … 3 Russia is far bigger than Ireland. 4 Running isn’t nearly as dangerous as paragliding. 5 The economy has grown twice as fast as predicted … 6 Gold is a great deal more valuable than steel.

Reading p108 1 1  A  ​​2  B  ​​3  D  ​​4  C  ​​5  D

Use of English p109 2 a  passionate  ​​b  spectacular  ​​ c  theoretically  ​​d  consciousness  ​​ e  further  ​​f  Unsurprisingly  ​​g  dangerous  ​​ h  illegally  ​​i  memorable  ​​j  heights

4 Students’ own answers

Unit 9 Reading pp110–111 1a 1  l  ​​2  c  ​​3  k  ​​4  b  ​​5  d  ​​6  f  ​​7  g  ​​ 8  h 1b a follow in (someone’s) footsteps = have the same career/life/ambition as someone else e settle in = get used to (something) i has lots of aspirations and drive = ambitious and willing/eagerness to work hard/succeed j get on in life = be successful m never looked back = had no regrets, was happy doing what he had decided to do n the top of his game = the best you can be at something o end up (doing something) = do something after you have done lots of other things

1c 1  drive  ​​2  feet  ​​3  hand  ​​4  serve  ​​ 5  enrol  ​​6  footsteps  ​​7  setbacks  ​​ 8  hold 2 A costume maker  ​​B  marketing person  ​​ C  PR person  ​​D  software developer 3 1  C  ​​2  D/B  ​​3  D/B  ​​4  A  ​​5  D  ​​6  A/B  ​​ 7  B/A  ​​ 8  C  ​​9  D  ​​10  A  ​​11  B  ​​12  D 4 Example answer I think chance is quite important, because you can’t control what job opportunities will be there at a particular time. However, I think that hard work and perseverance are much more important.

5 drifted = to do something or happen in a way that is not planned pressing = the action of making clothes smooth with an iron fell apart = to break because of being old or badly made stumbled upon = to find something by accident trial = to test a product, plan or person over a period of time ground to a halt = to move slowly until it finally stops turned down = to not accept an offer or request swung it = to succeed in achieving the result that you want, especially by persuading someone to let you do something that they do not usually let people do skip = to avoid doing or having something

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Student’s Book answer key 6

3

3 I think both ways of learning are useful

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

depending on what type of career you want to do. If you want a more practical job it is probably more useful to learn in the actual environment. For some careers, for example being a doctor, you need to learn a lot of theory first, so it’s necessary to learn in a classroom environment.

4

Grammar in context p112 1 1  b  ​​2  e  ​​3  f  ​​4  h  ​​5  a  ​​6  i  ​​7  g  ​​ 8  c and d 2 1  a  ​​2  the  ​​3  The  ​​4  a  ​​5  –  ​​6  the  ​​ 7  –  ​​8  an  ​​9  the  ​​10  an 3 a  an  ​​b  a  ​​c  –  ​​d  the  ​​e  a  ​​f a  ​​g the  ​​ h –  ​​i  The  ​​ j the  ​​ k the  ​​ l –  ​​m a  ​​n  – 4 1  don’t use  ​​2  use 5 1  –  ​​2  the  ​​3  –  ​​4  the  ​​5  –, –  ​​6  the 6 1 … your chances of becoming a millionaire? 2 Do you have (any) aspirations? … 3 What are the biggest problems … 4 Do you think unemployment is … 5 What is the university … 6 What are the challenges …

7

Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary p113 1 1  c  ​​2  d  ​​3  a  ​​4  e  ​​5  b  ​​6  f 2 Suggested answers 2 embarked on a career/took up a position 3 gain insight into/undertake a survey of 4 gaining confidence 5 overcome a lot of obstacles/overcome many problems 6 gained insight into/an understanding of 7 took up the post of/the position of 8 experience a similar situation/anything like it/another situation like it

3 1  c  ​​2  d  ​​3  g  ​​4  h  ​​5  f  ​​6  e  ​​7  b  ​​ 8  a 4 a  embarked  ​​b  take up  ​​c  weighed  ​​ d  suffered  ​​ e  stand  ​​f  voice  ​​g  cause  ​​ h  paid  ​​i  overcome  ​​j  speak  ​​k  gained  ​​ l  experience 5 1  confidence  ​​2  mind  ​​3  opinions  ​​ 4  attention  ​​5  setbacks  ​​6  trouble  ​​ 7  pressure  ​​8  pros and cons 6 Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills pp114−115 1 Students’ own answers

2 3  Do  ​​4  Don’t  ​​5  Do  ​​6  Do  ​​7  Do  ​​ 8  Don’t  ​​9  Don’t  ​​10  Don’t  ​​11  Do  ​​ 12  Don’t  ​​13 Don’t  ​​14  Do

Suggested answers 1 a panel interview, a group interview 2 by studying the job description and the person specification 3 You can show that you are being proactive by taking steps to overcome your weaknesses. 4 because how you look and sound far outweigh what you say when your interviewer is forming their opinion of you 5 to see if you are right for the company and whether the company is right for you 6 They are all things that can cause a bad impression to a potential employer.

5

Suggested answers ■ his clothes: Hector looks smart and professional. He is not wearing a suit but this is probably appropriate for a music production company. ■ his body language: Hector looks very nervous but he does try to keep eye contact. ■ the language he uses: Hector is polite and uses professional language ■ how prepared he is to answer questions: Quite prepared, although he can’t always provide examples because he does not have a lot of experience.

6 Can you tell me a little bit about yourself? What would you describe as being your strengths – the things that you’re particularly good at? Why do you want this particular job? Can you describe a situation when you had to organise something? What’s your usual role in a team? What would you say has been your greatest achievement? Where do you see yourself in five years? Do you have any questions?

Listening pp116–117 1 Students’ own answers

2 Example answers 1 In the first photo there are two young people working with a man. They are possibly doing an internship. They are looking at a plan on a large piece of paper so they could be doing an internship in architecture or construction. In the second photo a group of young people are in a lecture – they are listening and taking notes. 2 Both photos show young people learning, however, in the first photo they are learning in a practical way. In the second photo they are in more of an academic environment, whereas in the first photo they are learning while doing the job.

3a

Students’ own answers

3b 1  f  ​​2  h  ​​3  b  ​​4  d  ​​5  e  ​​6  g  ​​7  a  ​​ 8  c 4 Students’ own answers

5 1  a humanitarian organisation  ​​2  to learn  ​​ 3  help and guidance  ​​4  contacts  ​​ 5  prove yourself  ​​6  from interns  ​​ 7  well-off  ​​8  his student loan 6 Students’ own answers

Developing speaking p117 1 Students’ own answers

2 Students’ own answers

3 No, students are expected to discuss but not come to the same decision.

4 Example answer They say that being an artist would be a satisfying job because it’s creative and involves doing something you love. I agree with them because I’m really creative, too. I agree that being a doctor would be satisfying too because you’re helping other people and you have a good salary.

5 Students’ own answers

Developing writing pp118–119 1 Students’ own answers

2 Yes, the letter contains all the information required.

3 1  paragraph 2  ​​2  paragraph 1  ​​ 3  paragraph 5  ​​4  paragraph 4  ​​ 5  paragraph 3 4 I am writing in response to … I am particularly interested in … I would welcome the opportunity to … I believe that I am well-suited for … I have experience of working … I consider myself to be … I would be delighted to … … at your earliest convenience. I enclose my curriculum vitae.

5a 1a and 2a are more formal.

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Student’s Book answer key 5b No, we can’t use that when a preposition goes just before a relative pronoun. We change who to whom when immediately preceded by a preposition.

5c Students’ own answers

6 Students’ own answers 2 The recruitment officer is the person to whom I spoke. 3 She is the teacher in whose class I studied. 4 They are the colleagues with whom I worked. 5 The director was a person for whom I had great respect. 6 There are some things over which we have no control.

7 2 I will be available until June, at which

point I will resume my studies. 3 I have had several jobs, the last of which was working in a department store. 4 I have worked with a number of chefs, the first of whom was a famous French chef. 5 You may decide you need another referee, in which case I will send you the details upon request. 6 I have two sisters, one of whom runs her own company.

8

Students’ own answers Students’ own answers

1 1 get the wrong end of the stick 2 talk at cross purposes 3 offend someone unintentionally 4 make a gaffe 5 make a (witty) remark 6 understand nuances 2 Example answers A Multinational companies have to be very careful when creating slogans and advertising straplines, that the message crosses international boundaries. The slogans may need careful translation to fit the local culture. B Translating the words for colours doesn’t always work. Many languages use different ways of describing colours – likening an object to another or describing a colour as an object with that colour – while others simply don’t have the words at all. C Translation between languages is a vital part of international affairs and it is important that even the most trivial communication between different countries is correctly translated to avoid serious diplomatic repercussions.

3 a  a minimum  ​​b  trivial things  ​​

4

Language checkpoint: Unit 9 Grammar revision p121

Suggested answers a  no word  ​​b  sky, leaves  ​​c  four words  ​​ d  red  ​​e  darkness, coal   f​​   range of

5 1  NG  ​​2  T  ​​3  F  ​​4  T  ​​5  F  ​​6  NG 6

1 1 ✓ 2 ✓ 3 the best idea 4 head of marketing 5 ✓ 6 It’s the only chance we have. 7 I don’t believe (that) books will disappear because of new technologies.

2 1  –  ​​2  –  ​​3  the  ​​4  the  ​​5  –  ​​6  the 3 1  for which  ​​2  in which case  ​​3  on whom  ​​ 4  all of whom  ​​5  at which point   ​​6  for whom  ​​7  at which 1 1  f  ​​2  b  ​​3  e  ​​4  g  ​​5  a  ​​6  d  ​​7  c 2 1  find  ​​2  hold  ​​3  on  ​​4  hand  ​​ 5  footsteps  ​​6  apprenticeship  ​​7  up 3 1  reached  ​​2  stand  ​​3  make  ​​ 4  passing  ​​5  taking  ​​6  get

Reading pp122–123

c  the same  ​​ d  one banking giant   ​​ e  a translator/an interpreter/a company executive  ​​f  men

9

Vocabulary revision p121

Unit 10

Example answer I think language can change the way we express ourselves but not necessarily the way we think. If someone thinks of something and there isn’t a way to express it in their language, I think they would borrow a term from another language or create a way of saying it. That’s how language evolves.

7 Answers mistranslating = to translate incorrectly statement = something that you say or write that states a fact or gives information in a formal way leading = to cause someone to do something sour = with a taste like a lemon convey = to communicate ideas or feelings indirectly treaties = official written agreements between two or more countries. When national leaders negotiate a treaty, they

discuss it before reaching agreement; and when they ratify a treaty, they give it their formal approval, usually by signing it or voting for it behind the scenes = secretly rather than publicly worthy = deserving something

8 Students’ own answers

Grammar in context p124 1a Students’ own answers

1b 2 infinitive e  ​​3  infinitive b  ​​4  gerund a  ​​ 5  gerund d  ​​6  gerund h  ​​7  infinitive f  ​​ 8  infinitive g 2 1  keeping  ​​2  to speak  ​​3  to reclaim  ​​ 4  Reviving  ​​5  learning  ​​6  to teach  ​​ 7  to be  ​​8  to know 3 a  being  ​​b  Calling  ​​c  to find out  ​​ d  having  ​​e  to appear   ​​f  adapting  ​​ g  To do  ​​h  to see  ​​i  to be   ​​j  worrying 4 Students’ own answers

5 Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary p125 1 1  j  ​​2  i  ​​3  b  ​​4  g  ​​5  a  ​​6  d  ​​7  e  ​​ 8  f  ​​9  h  ​​10  c 2 2 Would you please stop cutting in! 3 Don’t talk down to me! 4 I’m going to spell out my opinion. 5 I’d like to bring up the issue of how the Internet influences language. 6 Then I’d like to turn to the topic of teenage slang. 7 She isn’t afraid of speaking out against all forms of censorship. 8 Speak up, please, because I can’t make out what you’re saying. 9 Can I just point out that this wasn’t my idea? 10  I’d like to pick up on what my colleague has just said.

3 a  which  ​​b  at  ​​c  the  ​​d  out  ​​e  be  ​​ f  out  ​​ g  which  ​​ h  on  ​​i  to  ​​j  an  ​​ k  each  ​​ l  As

4 Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills pp126−127 1 Students’ own answers

2 Good ideas: 1, 4, 5, 6

3 Students’ own answers

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Student’s Book answer key 4 1 to refresh memory and get ready 2 space to review and organise your notes on the left; write your notes on the right 3 key concepts 4 phrases the teacher says to highlight what is important, and summaries at the beginning and/or end of the class 5 as soon as the lesson finishes to highlight, colour, circle or underline key concepts; again within 24 hours to transfer them from your short-term to your long-term memory. 6 If they are clear, it isn’t necessary.

5

3

5 Both are formal. They should both be

When he went to England, just over two years ago. He couldn’t understand anything one boy said. He thought his English was bad. The boy was from Newcastle and had a strong regional accent. He now listens to regional accents on the radio and podcasts on the Internet and his listening has improved.

divided into sections with headings. They should finish by making recommendations or suggestions.

4a 1  … go to the UK.  ​​2  … ask him.  ​​ 3  … listen to other accents.  ​​4  … been to England.

4b

Students’ own answers

To avoid repeating something we have already said and already know and to sound more natural.

6 Students’ own answers

7 1  f  ​​2  k  ​​3  b  ​​4  e  ​​5  g  ​​6  j  ​​7  d  ​​ 8  a  ​​9  c  ​​10  i  ​​11  l  ​​12  h 8 Students’ own answers

Listening p128 1 Example answers 1 and 2 Students’ own answers 3 Advantages: You can watch foreign language films and understand them (providing you understand the language of the subtitles). Dubbing is sometimes distracting if it’s done badly. With subtitles you can hear the original actors’ voices. You can hear the sound of the original language so your listening skills may improve. Disadvantages: You don’t see all the visual detail of the film because you are reading. The subtitles might not be accurate. You don’t get to hear intonation because you are reading, not listening.

5 1 My friend speaks with a strong accent, but I don’t. (speak with a strong accent) 2 I don’t have problems understanding accents now, but I used to. (have problems understanding accents) 3 I was going to point out some useful expressions, but I forgot to. (point out some useful expressions) 4 My older sister stopped learning English when she left school. When I finish school next year, I won’t because I enjoy it. (stop learning English) 5 He’s never studied German, but one day he’d like to. (study German) 6 I never dared to do this exam. Now I’m ready to. (do the/that/this exam) 7 I don’t really know if I’ll go to the US one day. I think I might. (go to the US one day) 8 We don’t want to translate this text, but the teacher says we have to. (translate this text)

6

Students’ own answers

2 a  printed text  ​​b  (Paris in) 1929  ​​ c  adapt the script  ​​d  (about) 12 characters  ​​ e  digital media  ​​f  create and edit  

7

​​g fans (can)  ​​ h  around 200  ​​ i  over 700 million  ​​j  accurate (and appropriate)  ​​ k  Taiwanese TV drama  ​​l  expanding (rapidly)

8b

3 4 1  doesn’t make any  ​​2  doesn’t matter 5 1  whenever  ​​2  wherever  ​​3  however  ​​ 4  whichever  ​​5  whoever  ​​6  Whatever 6

Developing speaking p129 1 Students’ own answers

2

8a Students’ own answers Students’ own answers

Developing writing pp130–131 1

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

2 Students’ own answers

3 Students’ own answers

4 1 teachers, headteacher, maybe governors 2 formal 3 lack of colloquial language; phrases like

5

Introduction The aim of this proposal is … Outlining the current situation In the light of … Suggestions An effective way to do this would be to … Adding information Additionally, … Also worth of mentioning is … Conclusions To sum up, …

6 Students’ own answers

7 Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 10 Grammar revision p133 1 1  waiting  ​​2  crying  ​​3  to wake  ​​4  to see  ​​ 5  to open  ​​6  arguing  ​​7  thinking  ​​ 8  losing 2 1 However busy I am, I always have time for you. 2 Whenever I go to your house, you’re always wearing your pyjamas! 3 ✓ 4 Whatever you wear, you always look great. 5 ✓ 6 She always believed whatever he told her. 7 However hard I try, I never seem to please them.

3 1 … even though I should have. 2 … but my friends hadn’t. 3 … because she was too tired (to). 4 … but she can’t now. 5 … but we’ve started to. 6 … but they shouldn’t have. 7 … but I don’t think I’ll be able to.

Vocabulary revision p133 1 1  in  ​​2  out  ​​3  up  ​​4  to  ​​5  through  ​​ 6  out  ​​7  down to  ​​8  up on 2 1  gaffe  ​​2  puzzling  ​​3  stick  ​​ 4  remark  ​​5  purposes  ​​6  offended  ​​ 7  implied  ​​8  nuances  ​​9  literally  ​​ 10  misinterpreted

‘With regard to’, ‘to sum up’ 4 introduction, activities proposed, conclusion

Students’ own answers

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Student’s Book answer key

B2+

Reading p134 1 a  (yet) exist   ​​b  athletes  ​​c  repairs  ​​ d  surgeons  ​​e  robotic  ​​f  local residents  ​​ g  new crops  ​​h  Internet/Web/virtual world  ​​ i  criminal acts  ​​j  (leading) companies  ​​k  treatment  ​​l  ethical

Speaking p135 2 Students’ own answers

Writing p135 3 Students’ own answers

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