Structure Of Chloroplasts And Overview Of Photosynthesis

STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLASTS AND OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS By: Tori Larson Jessica Warrior Nurin Ludin Nathan Sandidge

Origins Of Chloroplast 

Endosymbiotic Theory Some organelles are membrane based  Were once prokaryotes  Brought into larger Eukaryotic cells by endocytosis 

Chloroplast Membrane 

Have a double membrane structures Known as the chloroplast envelope. Outer membrane is permeable to various ions and metabolites.  Inner membrane contains transport proteins  

 Where light absorption and ATP synthesis

occurs.  Has a lot of proteins

 involved in the electron transport chain. 

Harvest solar energy 

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Contains its own DNA 

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excite electrons which then travel down the electron transport chain. involved in the electron transport.

Structure Of Chloroplast   

Where photosynthesis occurs. Double-membrane bound organelles Surrounded by extra membranes 

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A.K.A. thylakoids.

The disc-shaped thylakoids contain an interior space. The thylakoids that are stacked up, which forms grana The grana is floating in the stroma of the chloroplasts.

Structure of Chloroplast

Processes of Chloroplast 

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Take  the carbon dioxide and water through the roots of the plant and the leaves. Traps the light Plants use the energy from light to combine carbon dioxide and water to make food for the cell. Mixture of the two makes glucose 

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A simple sugar, which gives off oxygen.

Overview of Photosynthesis 

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Photosynthesis means putting together with light. Balanced chemical equation: 6H2O + 6CO2 + light energy  C6H12 O6 + 6O2

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2-Step Process 

1. Light Reactions  A.K.A. known as the light-dependent reactions  Converts light energy to chemical energy

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2. Calvin Cycle  A.K.A. dark reactions  Uses chemical energy to synthesize sugars.

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Eg: Glucose

Picture of Photosynthesis

Light Absorbtion 

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Form of energy known as electromagnetic energy Different wavelengths ranging from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer Visible light ranges from about 380 to 750 nm Photons are the basic unit of light that contains energy Substances that absorb visible light are called pigments

Light Reactions 

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Converts solar energy to potential energy Produces oxygen gas and converts ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ATP and NADPH Occur in the thylakoid membrane

Calvin Cycle   

A.K.A - Light independent reaction or Carbon Fixation Takes place in stroma of the chloroplasts During photosynthesis, light energy generates chemical free engery 

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stored in the glucose.

The calvin cycle uses the energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into the organic compounds that the organism uses.  The set of reactions is also known as carbon dioxide.

Sources                

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www.inovio.com/glossary/ http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbioac/plants/chloro.htm http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Chloroplasts.html http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/atp.html#c1 http://biologyofcells.blogspot.com/2007/12/chloroplast.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast_membrane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_cycle http:// www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/chloroplast.html http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Endosymbiosis_theory.gif http:// www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/tca/tca.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_reaction http://warrensburg.k12.mo.us/ew/photosynth/heidi.html Images copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Photosynthesis guided reading Mr. Hyne’s Photosynthesis PowerPoint