Sterilisation
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Sterilisation as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 1,677
- Pages: 16
Coursework title: Hospital Sterile Service Enterprise Software Engineering Development (COMP1471) Coordinator: Miltos Petridis
Student ID: 000542704
1
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Index
Page number
Introduction
3
Stage A: STRUCTURED ANALYSIS- DESIGN A1. Entity Relationship Diagram
Unnormalised form to First Normal form First Normal form to Second Normal Form Second Normal form to Third Normal Form Entity Relationship Diagram Structural constrains (cardinality and participation constrains)
4 5 6 7 7
A2. Data Flow Diagram A2.1 Level 0 (Context diagram)
8
A2.2 Level 1 diagram
8
A3. Data Dictionary
9
Stage B: OO Analysis and Design. B.1: Conceptual and Design UML class diagrams
10
B.2: Use Case Analysis
11
B.3: Interaction Diagram for each of the main use cases
12
B.4 Statechart diagrams for all major classes
13
Conclusion.
14
Reference.
14
2
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Introduction: Every hospital has its own sterilisation department who is responsible for sterilising as cleaning all surgical and other medical equipments. This sterilisation process includes a number of steps and there are several units that need a sterilisation process. 1. Sterilization of room or compartments: in cases like operation theatre, intensive care unit, infants care units are recommended for the sterilization. In this case the mostly used sterilization process is UV radiation and some chemical smoke to kill the bacteria. Normal disinfectants are used as well. 2. Sterilization of equipments: like blades, catheter, knife etc used in operation theatre are sterilized by moist heat. That is also called as Autoclaving. That is the whole heat stable things are put into Pressure cooker like machine (autoclave) and heat at 121 degree centigrade at 15 lb-wt pressure for 15 minutes. 3. The glasswear like diagnostic plates, test tubes etc are sterilized by dry heat, that is in a oven, the things are baked at 180 degree centigrade for 2 hours. 4. The hospital wastes are sterilized to prevent the spreading of germs. To do so, two different techniques are useda. The autoclaving for the bacterial or viral media, bloods, solution or things that are wet or plastic components. b. Things that are dry, like used cotton, bandage, gauge, cloths etc are sterilized by burning them, commonly named as Incineration. those things are burned in a closed tank to ash. 5. To sterilize the non disposable clothing. They are washed in hot water with disinfectants and then sterilized by chemical fume or UV radiation. This is actually the usual sterilization procedure for hospital. There are many choices depending on budget and need. Out Software Consultant Company has been approached to automate the current process that is largely paper based. In our client hospital, all trays have a unique identification number ( UIN) which they are recognised by. Trays contain all surgical or other medical instruments. When an operation is about to take place in any operation theatre, there is a medical procedure to follow. An operation might require different sets of trays. So the operator delivers all the required trays to a trolley and keeps record of all UIN. After the operation, all trays are taken to the sterilisation department. Some or all instruments may need to be either sterilised or disposed of. The operator has to follow a medical procedure to make sure all instruments have come back from the operation theatre. First of all the operator will check briefly if the trays contain all instruments, then might want to check all trays individually. The sterilisation process begins with sorting out the equipments – which need to be sterilised for reuse and which need to be disposed of and will be replaced by a brand new one. The trolley with all trays goes through a number cleansing and sterilisation procedure to sterilise them. Stage A: STRUCTURED ANALYSIS- DESIGN
3
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
A1. Entity Relationship Diagram: it shows all entity types in 3NF form, their attributes including primary key attributes and the relationships. 3NF form for Sterilisation procedure – Unnormalised form Paitent Paitent Name Paitent ID Date of birth Age Doctors Name Doctors Id Operation ID Name of Operation Date of operation Medical history Doctor assigned Trays Trays number Instruments contains Insruments Names Tray type
First Normal form Paitent Paitent Name Paitent ID Date of birth Age
Trollye Trolley no. Trays contain Trolly operator
Trollye Trolley no. Trays contain Trolly operator
Sterillisation Machine ID Trolly number Number of trays on trolly Sterilise machine identification Time Date Operator name Operator ID Operator age storeroom Number of Sterillised Trays
Sterillisation Machine Name Machine ID Time of sterillisation Date of sterillisation Trolly number Number of trays on trolly Operator name Operator ID Date of birth Store Room Number of Sterillised Trays
•
Doctor Doctor Name Doctors Id Name of the Operation Date of the operation Trays Trays Id Instruments contains Insruments Names Tray type
Unnormalised form to First Normal form
4
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
•
First Normal form to Second Normal Form
First Normal form
Second Normal Form
Paitent Paitent Name Paitent ID Date of birth Age
Paitent Paitent ID Paitent Name Date of birth Age
Doctor Doctor Name Doctors Id Name of the Operation Date of the operation
Doctor Doctors Id Doctor Name Name of Operation Date of operation
Trays Trays Id Instruments contains Insruments Names Tray type
Trays Trays Id Instruments contains Insruments Names Tray type
Trollye Trolley no. Trays contain Trolly operator
Trollye Trolley no. Trays contain
Sterillisation Machine Name Machine ID Time of sterillisation Date of sterillisation Trolly number Number of trays on trolly Operator name Operator ID Date of birth Store Room Number of Sterillised Trays
Sterillisation Machine Name Machine ID Time of sterillisation Date of sterillisation Number of trays on trolly Operator name Operator ID Store Room Number of Sterillised Trays
•
Second Normal form to Third Normal Form
5
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Second Normal Form
Third Normal Form
Paitent Paitent ID Paitent Name Date of birth Age
Patient: ID Name D.O.B Medical history Doctor assigned
Doctor Doctors Id Doctor Name Name of Operation Date of operation
Trays:
Trays Trays Id Instruments contains Insruments Names Tray type Trollye Trolley no. Trays contain
Tray number Tray type Instruments contain Trolleys: Trolley number Trays contain Sterilisation: Operator name Sterilisation machine identification Date Time Operation / Medical procedure: Operation type Tray type Trays required
Sterillisation Machine Name Machine ID Time of sterillisation Date of sterillisation Number of trays on trolly Operator name Operator ID Store Room Number of Sterillised Trays
Entity Relationship Diagram:
6
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
patient
operation
requires trays
contain
instrum ents
go for
sterilisation
for contain
trollyes
Diagram 1 – Entity relationship diagram.
Structural constrains (cardinality and participation constrains):
pateint
operation
trays
instrum ents
trolleys
sterilisation
Diagram 2 – Structural constrains.
7
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
A2. Data Flow Diagram:
A2.1 Level 0 (Context diagram)
a patient goesfor
post operation
1 system
sterilisedinstruments
c sterilisation
usedinstruments
usedinstrum entsandotherm aterials
a patient
d waste
Diagram 3 – Level 0 diagram (context diagram). A2.2 Level 1 diagram
8
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
1
1 medical procedure
need operation 1.1 operation 1.4 patient
instruments 1.2 trays
trays delivered
patents go to
1.7 operation table
required instruments delivered to operation name 1.3
trays after operatro tionlleys
1.6 trays with instrumen tsrilisation ste
Diagram 4 – Level 1 diagram. A3. Data Dictionary: Patient: ID Name D.O.B Medical history Doctor assigned
integer text Date/time text text
Operation / Medical procedure: Operation type Tray type Trays required
text text integer
Trays: Tray number Tray type Instruments contain Trolleys: Trolley number Trays contain
integer text text integer text
Sterilisation:
9
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Operator name text Sterilisation machine identification text Date date Time time
Stage B: OO Analysis and Design. B.1: Conceptual and Design UML class diagrams:
10
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
patient
1 needs
operations 0..* 0..1
trays 1..*
1..*
go to
go to
0..11..* trollyes
1..* instruments 0..* 0..* sterilisation 0..* 0..* waste
0..* 0..* reuse
Diagram 5 – UML class diagram. ✔ Legends for Diagram 5 – 1= exact one 0..* = many ( zero or more ) 1..* = one or more 0..1 = zero or one.
B.2: Use Case Analysis:
11
Actors
Use Case
Patient
Requires operations C
W- Hospital Sterile Services
Operations
Requires instruments Doctors Nurses Patients
Trays
Contains instruments Used instruments.
Trolleys
Sterilisation
Contain trays
Sterilised instruments Prepare trays after sterilisation.
12
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
patient
required operation required instruments
operations
doctors nurses sterilised instruments
Tray
sterilised instrument used instrumetns prepare tray
trollyes
trays
sterilisation
Diagram 6 – Use Case diagram.
B.3: Interaction Diagram for each of the main use cases
Operation
operation table
[if operation needed} operation Patients
Operation name
trolley
trays
medical procedure
[operation name] select procedure Operation
Instrument on trays
13
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Trays on trolleys
Trolley on tables
Operation name
trolley
sterilisation
Instrument on trays Sterilisati on
Trays on sterilisation.
Diagram 7 – Sequence diagram
B.4 Statechart diagrams for all major classes.
14
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
6 0 operation
7 0 medical procedure
Patient operation name operation name
instruments
trays delivered
5 0 trolleys
instruments
used instruments
8 trays
0
9 0 sterilisatoin Start Date
ʘ Sterilised
Diagram 8 – Statechart diagram.
15
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Conclusion: This is a preliminary design using all traditional, structured methodologies after extracting the initial requirements from the client. Our company also provides a demo version of sterilisation software to the client to make sure all the requirements they want are covered. This will be a first -cut design only as a demo version of the software. This prototype is based on all the basic methodologies such as- ERD diagram, DFD diagram, Data dictionary, UML class diagram, Use Case analysis, Interaction diagram as well as the Statechart diagram. The actual up and running sterilisation software will be delivered only after providing the demo version of this software and providing all the necessary requirements the client asked for.
Reference: 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology) 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoclave 3. http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/briefings/autoclaving.pdf
4. Lecture notes.
16
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Student ID: 000542704
1
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Index
Page number
Introduction
3
Stage A: STRUCTURED ANALYSIS- DESIGN A1. Entity Relationship Diagram
Unnormalised form to First Normal form First Normal form to Second Normal Form Second Normal form to Third Normal Form Entity Relationship Diagram Structural constrains (cardinality and participation constrains)
4 5 6 7 7
A2. Data Flow Diagram A2.1 Level 0 (Context diagram)
8
A2.2 Level 1 diagram
8
A3. Data Dictionary
9
Stage B: OO Analysis and Design. B.1: Conceptual and Design UML class diagrams
10
B.2: Use Case Analysis
11
B.3: Interaction Diagram for each of the main use cases
12
B.4 Statechart diagrams for all major classes
13
Conclusion.
14
Reference.
14
2
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Introduction: Every hospital has its own sterilisation department who is responsible for sterilising as cleaning all surgical and other medical equipments. This sterilisation process includes a number of steps and there are several units that need a sterilisation process. 1. Sterilization of room or compartments: in cases like operation theatre, intensive care unit, infants care units are recommended for the sterilization. In this case the mostly used sterilization process is UV radiation and some chemical smoke to kill the bacteria. Normal disinfectants are used as well. 2. Sterilization of equipments: like blades, catheter, knife etc used in operation theatre are sterilized by moist heat. That is also called as Autoclaving. That is the whole heat stable things are put into Pressure cooker like machine (autoclave) and heat at 121 degree centigrade at 15 lb-wt pressure for 15 minutes. 3. The glasswear like diagnostic plates, test tubes etc are sterilized by dry heat, that is in a oven, the things are baked at 180 degree centigrade for 2 hours. 4. The hospital wastes are sterilized to prevent the spreading of germs. To do so, two different techniques are useda. The autoclaving for the bacterial or viral media, bloods, solution or things that are wet or plastic components. b. Things that are dry, like used cotton, bandage, gauge, cloths etc are sterilized by burning them, commonly named as Incineration. those things are burned in a closed tank to ash. 5. To sterilize the non disposable clothing. They are washed in hot water with disinfectants and then sterilized by chemical fume or UV radiation. This is actually the usual sterilization procedure for hospital. There are many choices depending on budget and need. Out Software Consultant Company has been approached to automate the current process that is largely paper based. In our client hospital, all trays have a unique identification number ( UIN) which they are recognised by. Trays contain all surgical or other medical instruments. When an operation is about to take place in any operation theatre, there is a medical procedure to follow. An operation might require different sets of trays. So the operator delivers all the required trays to a trolley and keeps record of all UIN. After the operation, all trays are taken to the sterilisation department. Some or all instruments may need to be either sterilised or disposed of. The operator has to follow a medical procedure to make sure all instruments have come back from the operation theatre. First of all the operator will check briefly if the trays contain all instruments, then might want to check all trays individually. The sterilisation process begins with sorting out the equipments – which need to be sterilised for reuse and which need to be disposed of and will be replaced by a brand new one. The trolley with all trays goes through a number cleansing and sterilisation procedure to sterilise them. Stage A: STRUCTURED ANALYSIS- DESIGN
3
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
A1. Entity Relationship Diagram: it shows all entity types in 3NF form, their attributes including primary key attributes and the relationships. 3NF form for Sterilisation procedure – Unnormalised form Paitent Paitent Name Paitent ID Date of birth Age Doctors Name Doctors Id Operation ID Name of Operation Date of operation Medical history Doctor assigned Trays Trays number Instruments contains Insruments Names Tray type
First Normal form Paitent Paitent Name Paitent ID Date of birth Age
Trollye Trolley no. Trays contain Trolly operator
Trollye Trolley no. Trays contain Trolly operator
Sterillisation Machine ID Trolly number Number of trays on trolly Sterilise machine identification Time Date Operator name Operator ID Operator age storeroom Number of Sterillised Trays
Sterillisation Machine Name Machine ID Time of sterillisation Date of sterillisation Trolly number Number of trays on trolly Operator name Operator ID Date of birth Store Room Number of Sterillised Trays
•
Doctor Doctor Name Doctors Id Name of the Operation Date of the operation Trays Trays Id Instruments contains Insruments Names Tray type
Unnormalised form to First Normal form
4
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
•
First Normal form to Second Normal Form
First Normal form
Second Normal Form
Paitent Paitent Name Paitent ID Date of birth Age
Paitent Paitent ID Paitent Name Date of birth Age
Doctor Doctor Name Doctors Id Name of the Operation Date of the operation
Doctor Doctors Id Doctor Name Name of Operation Date of operation
Trays Trays Id Instruments contains Insruments Names Tray type
Trays Trays Id Instruments contains Insruments Names Tray type
Trollye Trolley no. Trays contain Trolly operator
Trollye Trolley no. Trays contain
Sterillisation Machine Name Machine ID Time of sterillisation Date of sterillisation Trolly number Number of trays on trolly Operator name Operator ID Date of birth Store Room Number of Sterillised Trays
Sterillisation Machine Name Machine ID Time of sterillisation Date of sterillisation Number of trays on trolly Operator name Operator ID Store Room Number of Sterillised Trays
•
Second Normal form to Third Normal Form
5
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Second Normal Form
Third Normal Form
Paitent Paitent ID Paitent Name Date of birth Age
Patient: ID Name D.O.B Medical history Doctor assigned
Doctor Doctors Id Doctor Name Name of Operation Date of operation
Trays:
Trays Trays Id Instruments contains Insruments Names Tray type Trollye Trolley no. Trays contain
Tray number Tray type Instruments contain Trolleys: Trolley number Trays contain Sterilisation: Operator name Sterilisation machine identification Date Time Operation / Medical procedure: Operation type Tray type Trays required
Sterillisation Machine Name Machine ID Time of sterillisation Date of sterillisation Number of trays on trolly Operator name Operator ID Store Room Number of Sterillised Trays
Entity Relationship Diagram:
6
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
patient
operation
requires trays
contain
instrum ents
go for
sterilisation
for contain
trollyes
Diagram 1 – Entity relationship diagram.
Structural constrains (cardinality and participation constrains):
pateint
operation
trays
instrum ents
trolleys
sterilisation
Diagram 2 – Structural constrains.
7
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
A2. Data Flow Diagram:
A2.1 Level 0 (Context diagram)
a patient goesfor
post operation
1 system
sterilisedinstruments
c sterilisation
usedinstruments
usedinstrum entsandotherm aterials
a patient
d waste
Diagram 3 – Level 0 diagram (context diagram). A2.2 Level 1 diagram
8
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
1
1 medical procedure
need operation 1.1 operation 1.4 patient
instruments 1.2 trays
trays delivered
patents go to
1.7 operation table
required instruments delivered to operation name 1.3
trays after operatro tionlleys
1.6 trays with instrumen tsrilisation ste
Diagram 4 – Level 1 diagram. A3. Data Dictionary: Patient: ID Name D.O.B Medical history Doctor assigned
integer text Date/time text text
Operation / Medical procedure: Operation type Tray type Trays required
text text integer
Trays: Tray number Tray type Instruments contain Trolleys: Trolley number Trays contain
integer text text integer text
Sterilisation:
9
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Operator name text Sterilisation machine identification text Date date Time time
Stage B: OO Analysis and Design. B.1: Conceptual and Design UML class diagrams:
10
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
patient
1 needs
operations 0..* 0..1
trays 1..*
1..*
go to
go to
0..11..* trollyes
1..* instruments 0..* 0..* sterilisation 0..* 0..* waste
0..* 0..* reuse
Diagram 5 – UML class diagram. ✔ Legends for Diagram 5 – 1= exact one 0..* = many ( zero or more ) 1..* = one or more 0..1 = zero or one.
B.2: Use Case Analysis:
11
Actors
Use Case
Patient
Requires operations C
W- Hospital Sterile Services
Operations
Requires instruments Doctors Nurses Patients
Trays
Contains instruments Used instruments.
Trolleys
Sterilisation
Contain trays
Sterilised instruments Prepare trays after sterilisation.
12
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
patient
required operation required instruments
operations
doctors nurses sterilised instruments
Tray
sterilised instrument used instrumetns prepare tray
trollyes
trays
sterilisation
Diagram 6 – Use Case diagram.
B.3: Interaction Diagram for each of the main use cases
Operation
operation table
[if operation needed} operation Patients
Operation name
trolley
trays
medical procedure
[operation name] select procedure Operation
Instrument on trays
13
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Trays on trolleys
Trolley on tables
Operation name
trolley
sterilisation
Instrument on trays Sterilisati on
Trays on sterilisation.
Diagram 7 – Sequence diagram
B.4 Statechart diagrams for all major classes.
14
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
6 0 operation
7 0 medical procedure
Patient operation name operation name
instruments
trays delivered
5 0 trolleys
instruments
used instruments
8 trays
0
9 0 sterilisatoin Start Date
ʘ Sterilised
Diagram 8 – Statechart diagram.
15
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Conclusion: This is a preliminary design using all traditional, structured methodologies after extracting the initial requirements from the client. Our company also provides a demo version of sterilisation software to the client to make sure all the requirements they want are covered. This will be a first -cut design only as a demo version of the software. This prototype is based on all the basic methodologies such as- ERD diagram, DFD diagram, Data dictionary, UML class diagram, Use Case analysis, Interaction diagram as well as the Statechart diagram. The actual up and running sterilisation software will be delivered only after providing the demo version of this software and providing all the necessary requirements the client asked for.
Reference: 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology) 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoclave 3. http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/briefings/autoclaving.pdf
4. Lecture notes.
16
C W- Hospital Sterile Services
Related Documents
Sterilisation
June 2020 6
Surgery Lecture - 02 Sterilisation
June 2020 12