State Of The Art: Medical Digital Libraries

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 1

August 21, 2008

State of the Art: Medical Digital Libraries H6603 Information Storage & Retrieval Term Paper Assignment

By: Nurhazman Bin Abdul Aziz (G0601254G) Nanyang Technological University Master of Science (Information Studies) Thursday, August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 1

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 2

August 21, 2008

State of the Art: Medical Digital Library Nurhazman Abdul Aziz (G0601254G), Semester 1, Academic Year 2006/07

Abstract The advent of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools has made a tremendous change in the operation landscape of today’s healthcare industry, especially for medical libraries. Most of the library’s operation offers at least an automated library system, such the cataloguing system or the inter-library loaning system, for their patrons to fully-utilise and seek the relevant resources. In the healthcare industry, medical library has come a long way in their landscape for their operation services. These include healthcare and medical students, researchers, and also the current workers related to the industry, which frequently utilised the library's service to gain their knowledge. Furthermore, the development of medical digital library is also always strategically aligned to the e-learning terminology in both education and research industry to leverage the information literacy. This is done through a number of means, right from the administration and communication up to the user experience in receiving a good information service. Therefore, the purpose of this term paper will discuss the developments and influences that have been implemented and the future of states of the art: medical libraries in offering a new stage of possibilities for their daily operation.

Keywords Medical Digital Library, State of the Art, Digital Library, e-Learning, Dynamic Collection Management

Introduction There has been a steady growth with a rapid advancement in the area of digital libraries and a decline in cost using the state of the art technology. Digital libraries in the Medical industry can be broadly defined as “the use of innovative technologies to provide medical information and services” for research to evolve and continue to grow in size and quality (Robu et al, 2006). This trend of information has been transformed by the current state of hybrid web development, where the continual changes are highly evolved in the structure of complexity and architecture. In addition, most of the medical digital libraries are based on the concept of the Semantic Web. In a related research, Robu et al (2006) have introduced a number of web technologies (such as Resource Description Framework (RDF)1 and Web Ontology Language (OWL)2) that are commonly used and designed for the core of today’s digital libraries. In addition, two out of the four organisations mentioned in the article have successfully used and stretched their information resources to another level using this web technologies. They are MedCIRCLE and Nation Cancer Institute (NCI), Furthermore, NCI has also claimed the “proof of how an answer” is derived from the pool of resource (Robu et al, 2006). As a result, this is one of the benefits from the project implemented using this technology. In general, these four organisations have experienced the logic added by the Semantic Web. This is to obtain accurate and precise information from the queries system which are built in the retrieval component of the digital libraries.

1

RDF is a method of requirement for metadata model that is used as an application of XML under the surpervision of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) 2 OWL is a another type of markup langiage for publishing and sharing of data using ontologies on the world wide web and also a vocabulary extension for RDF.

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 2

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 3

August 21, 2008

With this demand, further research has to be an on-going process to explore the state of the art technology and even concepts behind the digital library. This will leverage up the information literacy of the system too, which will lead and align to the relationship on e-learning.

The Relationships in Medical Digital Library & e-Learning’s Terminology Medical Digital Libraries have been one of the contributing factors in the rapid development since the e-learning’s implementation is introduced into an institution. In brief, digital libraries have formed one of the key drivers that support the e-learning terminology strategically in a constant alignment (Sharifabadi, 2006). This is due to their ubiquity3, abundant of resources, ability to rapidly and cost-effectively in supporting the education and research areas in the health industry, especially for SingHealth’s cluster4 and a number of medical schools around the world (Manos-Jones, 2006). To prove this article today, Liew et al (2000) have conducted a study to identify the frequency of usage in the journals available on the database in the digital libraries by graduate students to aid their assignments and researches. In general, this is due to the preferred medium and other associated factors, such as good retrieval searching, navigation, the intelligent, easy to use user interface, accuracy and level of authority that have been well built and integrated into the system. Basically, as a whole, the role of digital libraries acts as a facilitator in organising, providing resources and knowledge to their potential users (Sharifabadi, 2006). In additional, it also acts as an institutional repository for the community of practice to fully utilise the services. Moreover, this is due to the association that both e-learning environment and digital libraries are designed in such an innovative way to enhance the learning and teaching process strategically. For instance, in a local setting, Singapore General Hospital has implemented this development to improve the hospital staff’s training deliveries. This is done by implementing an e-learning platform that is strategically aligned with the digital libraries, in which the latter are connected to a number of online database providers, such as New England Journals and Ovid (Manos-Jone, 2006). However, in another scenario, Athens Medical School in Greece has leveraged the idea to a new level of learning experience. They have benefited in using medical digital libraries for education purposes (Nakolaidou et al, 2005). In fact, Athens has created an integration of an online tutorial and presentation to the digital libraries. On top of this, Athens has also designed a complex workflow which compromises of an initial Collection Repository, Collection Management and Provided Services to streamline every materials and resource strategically and efficiently into the robustness of the system. Hence, with this state of the art, the amount of resources in the medical digital library will increase rapidly in terms of depth and range (Online Newsletter, 2000). For instance, Ovid has been contributing actively in the contents to Harvard Medical School’s core digital library. In addition, it also has added the support for CrossRef to its Ovid OpenLink’s service. As interviewed in the newsletter, Judith Messerie, Harvard’s medical librarian, also stated that interlinked bibliographic database and full text are two of the key components that have leveraged the students’ learning experience. As a result, Warren and Alsmeyer (2005) discovered further that today digital libraries has becoming an intelligent content management that play a vital role in the supply of information flow. In another related article, Perley (2006) also discovered that many 3

Ubiquity means the ability to be present everywhere (24x7) and present at several places at once. (Source: Oxford English Dictionary) 4

SingHealth Cluster consists of Singapore General Hospital, Changi General Hospital, Kadang Kerbau Women’s & Children Hospital and other medical centre, where they have adopted the concept of e-learning in their training their human resource development programme.

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 3

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 4

August 21, 2008

physicians have obtained and constructed the knowledge of curbside consultation through a vigorous work with the help of librarians in locating, diffusing and dissemination clinical information within the system capability. As a whole, the importance of having a digital library is to support the main purpose of learning and training, especially when an organisation has adopted the e-learning terminology. University of Wollongong in Australia has emphasis strongly to her learning community through the idea of e-learning@UoW. (University of Wollongong, 2006) This is one of the state of the art technologies which are capable in delivering and providing a new level of learning experience, an innovation of their resources. On the hand, this will also lead to the management the collection of resource in a medical library will be a big complex task.

Streamlining the Collection Management in Medical Digital Library With the state of the art technology introduced and implemented, there are a number of positive changes in the workflow, especially for collection management in Athens Medical School (AMS). The main objective is the possibility to streamline each and every process that is happening in cycle of information management and dissemination. One example is the workflow in the collection management that plays a vital role in each library’s operation. Here, the collection management is not only related to the collection medical books and periodicals which are existed in both formats; printed and electronic version. For Athens Medical School Digital Library (AMS DL), they are also providing raw materials (such as images and videos) to support the teaching material in the hospital university (Nikolaido et al, 2003). On top of that, the system must be robust to allow students to locate for the materials with ease to the relevant, specific subject. Therefore, the metadata management in this system will be more complicated, as combinations of different metadata schemes are considered. They are Dublin Core and IEEE Learning Object Metadata5 which are used to describe the collection, as paraphrased in the article and proceeding (Nikolaido et al, 2003, 2005). This is due to the AMS DL which will be accessed for two different purposes, research and educational. Thus, from the initial flow, the system must be able to identify and catalogue properly within the early stages of supply chain. In addition, as AMS DL was built based on a modular architecture, the collection management allows the workflow to operate or function dynamically. This dynamic collection management is able to facilitate an integration of heterogeneous collection in terms of material structure and metadata support. Furthermore, there is no programming skills needed to create and administrate new collections, allowing the simplification of system to exist (Nikolaido et al, 2005). Hence, two workflows services are being adopted in this system. They are Medical Object Processing and Cataloging and THE Create Presentation/Tutorial Service as illustrated in the figure below by the Nikolaido et al (2005).

5

IEEE Learning Object Metadata stands for Institute of Electronic, Electrical Engineering’s Learning Object Metadata.

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 4

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 5

August 21, 2008

Workflow Services in the Collection Management, Athens Medical School Digital Library (Nikolaido et al, 2005) On top of this workflow services in the dynamic collection management, AMS DL is able to define the collection further through the state of the art technology. (Nikolaido et al, 2005). This is due to the ability of the collection search service to support from a simple search on specific metadata fields to combine search on multiple metadata fields. Other factors such as metadata storage and indexing policy also improve the search performance. As for this case, the system has defined and identified two areas that support the learning and research resource in the system. They are Medical Collection and Histological Collection. Medical Collection will consists of 3 sub-collections; compound object (medical image object), medical video object and presentation collection. This is based on the generic Medical Collection, while the latter defines laboratory specific collection where the indication of advantages is listed. In addition, the illustration of the metadata’s workflow explained the details below, as paraphrased by Nikolaido et al (2005).

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 5

August 21, 2008

Overview of Metadata for Medical Collection & Histological Collection, Athens Medical School Digital Library (Nikolaido, et al 2005)

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 6 August 21, 2008

Page 6

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 7

August 21, 2008

As an example, this case study has discussed briefly on the state of the art technology and concept introduced into new medical digital library for AMS. This has developed an efficient and effective administration workflow. These results can be obtainable through the searching of material based on the standard of metadata that is used commonly in the medical areas. Therefore, the search performance will greatly improve and become more manageable in multiple collections too. On top of this implementation, the learning and research experience have great positive impact in the medical school to support the success of e-learning terminology.

Personalisation, Information & Library Services in Medical Digital Libraries One of the milestones in the development of medical digital libraries is the personalisation of information retrieved from the medical digital libraries for the end users. In an article on the present and future of digital library and reference services, Chowdhury (2002) has investigated the definition between digital libraries and personalized services. Here, he has cited that digital libraries are regarded as a point of access to digital information due to a number of factors that strengthen and build the points of supporting e-learning terminology. These include (i) a service, (ii) an architecture and (iii) the information resources available (Chowdhury, 2002). In contrast, he has compared the relationship from the broad view of requirement and the nature of personalised services, as paraphrased in the article. With this research, this prevails that today’s medical digital libraries are able to provide and deliver such services like personalisation. For instance, today, Blackwell Synergy (2006), Emerald Fulltext (2006) and New England Journal of Medicine (2006) have demonstrated such functions in their database services to aid the medical databases’ service operations. In addition, medical digital libraries are also developing towards multi-lingual and personalised information for the users’ experience (Rozic-Hristovski et al, 2003). In Slovenia, the University of Ljubljana’s library offers the ability of Web portal that enable users to receive content based on the profile that they have created (Rozic-Hristovski et al, 2003). Furthermore, users are also able to change their profile according to their interests, allowing the system to analyse the user’s cognitive behavior and provide different content. This is done with most of the user is able to built a personalised login profile in their site. In one of the case study reviews on an academic medical library in Lebanon, The Saab Medical library (SML) has changed tremendously from a brick and mortar to a state of the art’s operation. SML has adopted this technology due to the ability of access and evaluation of information effectively and efficiently in the areas of information literacy (Farha, 2001). Through SML’s live lecture user education programs, users are able to select different formats of the program or subjects according to their area of interest or subject specialised. This is done through a process of upon requesting. On the other hand, a number of problems arise from the live instruction between the user and reference librarian. SML has solved these problems by introducing a webbased instruction tool for the user to read. This solution has a great advantage due to the ubiquity structure. Hence, users are able to self-service the information as and when they are required. The same solution is applied for handling information for their databases resource too. Besides medical libraries, there is a tremendous change using the technology as seen today in the other libraries. One of the libraries, such as in Singapore, has benefited from a proposal on an Integrated Web-based Inter-Library Loan proposed by Foo and Lim in 1998. Both have researched on the advantages in web technologies today is able to solve the traditional procedure in the inter-library loan. Today, with their foundation in concept idea laid in 1998, libraries in Singapore have gone a milestone to aid the personalisation information services for the user, such as the Virtual Union Catalogue (NLB, 2006). This is where users are able to find the location of

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 7

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 8

August 21, 2008

the desired books from a single point access. In other words, this would be a good tool for medical researchers to aid their material through this technology.

The Brief Communication in Medical Digital Libraries One of the areas that have also seen a big shift is the brief communication found in the medical digital libraries. One of these is related to alerting services on the medical subject for the researchers. These alerting services are designed in a number of forms of communication, either via the email or Really Simple Syndication (RSS)’s feeds6. Users and researchers can just simply subscribe these services through a single click according to their interest topic from the database providers in the digital libraries. On the other hand, Vercellesi et al (2006) have raised number of questions on the selection of topics and the coverage. These include the information received (i) may not be accurate, (ii) depict in the actual findings, (iii) hidden the real facts of the patients and (iv) only corresponded to the requirements of the subscriber (Vercellesi, 2006). To combat this, they have drawn out a number of criteria used to judge the level of authority. They are such as (i) the qualities of the original sources, (ii) expertises of the author and (iii) reviews and comments delivered by an expert on the subject (Vercellesi, 2006). In addition, Wulff and Nixon (2004) have also identified similarities in using quality markers in the medical libraries. This is due to the users’ ability to bypass the library services such as catalogue, and straight to the actual sources. On top of this, a number of databases also provide the ranking of relevancy of their journals. For these cases, even though the technologies have aid users in process of pushing the information, there are still a number of questions that has risen on the relevancy. Although there are flexibilities and robustness in the system improvement can be made to strengthen the information. In short, in relation to the previous sub-topic, the state of the art technology has leverage up the information and library services in medical digital libraries, as well as other digital libraries. Basically, the main objective of the services is to provide a user-centric experience, where users are the key drivers’ requests for information. Furthermore, the personalisation does not change on the surface of the service, but also influence right into the databases and even the communication between the system and the users. This improvement has been a great milestone in the development of the medical digital libraries comparing five to ten years ago.

Future of the Medical Digital Library In the future, medical digital library will be working forward into the mobile solution, such as into the areas of accessing from the mobile gadgets. Garrison et al (2003) have explored and discovered in supporting and delivering the feasibility of using Personal Digital Assistance (PDAs) for Duke University Medical Center Library. PDAs can be the alternative tools to increase the productivity of the staffs and also the efficiency of the services as claimed in the articles (Garrison et al, 200). In addition, Peters et al (2003) have discussed in the strategic of relationship between PDAs and Medical libraries. They also mentioned about the convergence of new technologies in ICT tool that lead high level of integration and interactivity.

6

RSS is a simple electronic format that allows users (readers/subscribers) to subscribe to their favourite website (e-journal / database).

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 8

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 9

August 21, 2008

Moreover, further integration with other information system, such as medical-geographical information system may be introduced into the library services for medical personnel. Thus, this would be the next generation phase in the development of medical digital libraries.

Conclusion The advent of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools has made a tremendous change in the operation landscape of today’s medical library. This is a fact as medical libraries have grown with a rapid advancement and a decline in cost using the state of the art technology from the ICT tools. Furthermore, in this paper, a major case study has been discussed, together with examples to support on the topic of State of the Art: Medical Digital Libraries. This paper has also shown the evolution from a proposed idea into a big project that enhances the user centric experience. This is important to any libraries’ operation as the main objective is to provide users with relevant information. In general, improving the medical digital library is related strategically with the alignment in elearning terminology planning. Without both, technologies and development concept will not reach as far as this point. Therefore, today’s medical digital library has brought us to a new level of information literacy.

References Blackwell Synergy, (2006). Home, [Online]; Url: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com.ezlibproxy1.ntu.edu.sg/, Accessed on October 23, 2006 Byrd, S., Courson, G., Roderick, E. Taylor, J. M., (2001), Cost/Benefit analysis for digital library projects: the Virginal Historical Inventory Project (VHI), [Electronic Version], The Bottom Line: Managing Library Finances, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 65-75. EmeraldInsight, (2006). Home, [Online] Url: http://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezlibproxy1.ntu.edu.sg, Accessed on October 23, 2006 Chowdhury G. G. (2002), Digital libraries and reference services: present and future, [Electronic Version], Journal of Documentation, Vol. 58. No. 3, pp. 258-283 Farha A., (2001). End user training in a virtual medical library setting – a case study of an academic medical library in Lebanon, [Electronic Version], Library Management, Vol. 22, No. 8/9, pp351-356 Foo S., Lim E., (1998), An Integrated Web-Based ILL system for Singapore libraries, [Electronic Version], Interlending & Document Supply, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp10-20 Garrison, J. A., Anderson, T. L., MacDonald, M. H., Schardt, C. M., Thibodeau, P. L., (2003), Supporting PDAs, the experience of a health sciences library, [Electronic Version], Library Hi Tech, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 412-418 Gulari, A. (2004), Use of information and communication technology in the libraries and information centre: an Indian scenario, [Electronic Version], The Electronic Library, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 335-350. Information Intelligent Online Newsletter (2000), Ovid to contribute content to Harvard Med School’s core digital library, [Electronic Version], ABI/Inform Trade & Industry, 21, 12, pp6.

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 9

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 10

August 21, 2008

Jones, R. A., (2005), Empowerment for digitization lessons learned from the Making of Modern Michigan, [Electronic Version], Library Hi Tech, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 205-219 Koehler. W., (2004), Digital libraries, digital containers, “library patrons”, and vision for the future, [Electronic Version], The Electronic Library, vol. 22, no. 5, pp 401-407. Liew C. L., Foo. S., Chennupati K. R. (2000), A study of graduate student end users’ use and perception of electronic journals, [Electronic Version], The Online Information Review, vol. 24, no. 4, pp302.315 Liu, Q. Y. (2004), Best practices, standards and techniques for digitizing library materials: a snapshot of library digitization practices in the USA, [Electronic Version]. Online Information Review, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 338-345. Mason-Jones D., (2006), eLearning & KBE (eLearning is set to emerge as a key factor in Singapore’s ability to rapidly adjust to new commercial challeges), [Magazine], HRM Singapore, Url: http://www.hrmsingapore.com/detail_article.cfm?articleID=444, Last Accessed: August 21, 2008 McCulloch, E., Shiri, A., Nicholson, D., (2005), Challenges and issues in terminology mapping: a digital library perspective, [Electronic Version], The Electronic Library, vol. 23, no.6, pp. 671677. National Library Board, Singapore (2006), Virtual Union Catalogue – Beta Version, [Website], Url: http://www.nlb.gov.sg/CPMS.portal;jsessionid=F7jJqqH92Qhs82L9W0SQCh7HQ7MQmL2GT N0hfnc09BR11kz42VK3!833202438!1217123311?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=CPMS_page_VUCatalogue, Last accessed: August 21, 2008 New England Journal of Medicine, (2006), Research & Review Articles on Diseases & Clinical Practice, [Online], Url http://content.nejm.org/, Accessed on October 23, 2006 Nikolaido, M., Anagnostopoulus, D., Hatzopoulos, M. (2005), Development of a medical digital library managing multiple collections, [Electronic Version], The Electronic Library, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 221-236. Nikolaido, M., Anagnostopoulus, D., Hatzopoulos, M. (2003), Using a Medical Digital Library for Education Purposes, [Electronic Version], Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Symposiumon Computer Based Medical System (CBMS’03) Perly C. M., (2006), Physician use of the curbside consultation to address information needs: report on a collective case study.[Electronic Version], Journal of Medicine Library Association, 94(2), pp137-144 Peters, T. A., Dorsch, J., Bell, L., Burnette, P. (2003), PDAs and health sciences libraries, [Electronic Version], Library Hi Tech, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 400-411.

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 10

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 11

August 21, 2008

Rhyno, A. (2003), From library systems to mainstream software: how Web technologies are changing the role of the system librarian, [Electronic Version], Library Hi Tech, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 289-296 Rozi-Hritovski, A., Humar, Iztok, Hritovski, D., (2003), Developing a multilingual, personalized medical library portal: use of MyLibrary in Slovenia, [Electronic Version], Electronic Library and Information System, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 146-157. Robu I., Robu V., Thirion B. (2006), An introduction to the Semantic Web for health sciences librarians, [Electronic Version], Journal of Medicine Library Association, 94(2), pp194-206 Sharifabadi S. R. (2006). How digital libraries can support e-learning, [Electronic Version], The Electronic Library, Vol. 24, No.3, pp309-401. Vercellesi, L., Centemeri, C., Miranda, G. F., Rotta, B., Bruno, F., (2006), How to provide an alerting service on health topics for medical journals selecting papers from scientific journals, [Electronic Version], Health Information and Libraries Journal, no. 23, pp 223-228. University of Wollongong, (2006), elearning@UOW, [Online] Url: http://www.uow.edu.au/student/elearning/netiquette.html, Last accessed: August 21, 2008 Warren, P., Alsmeyer, D. (2005), The digital library: a case study in intelligent content management, [Electronic Version], Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 28-29. Wuff, L. J., Nixon, N. D., (2004), Quality markers and use of electronic journals in an academic health science library, [Electronic Version], Journal of Medical Library Association., vol. 91, no. 3, pp 315-22

-------------------------------------- End of Term Paper --------------------------------------

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 11

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 12

August 21, 2008

Extra Notes: List of references (that is used in this paper) 1. Chowdhury G. G. (2002), Digital libraries and reference services: present and future, [Electronic Version], Journal of Documentation, Vol. 58. No. 3, pp. 258-283  

This article explains the relationship of digital libraries and references service in the present and future. This article is used to related to the reason why personalised information services in digital libraries is existed today

2. Farha A., (2001). End user training in a virtual medical library setting – a case study of an academic medical library in Lebanon, [Electronic Version], Library Management, Vol. 22, No. 8/9, pp351-356   

This article describes Saab Medical Library; American University of Beirut, in Lebanon has adopted end user training in the virtual medical library setting. The article has discussed that the library have a bank of live lectures and facing instructional problems for user to utilise. Therefore, the Library has a designed web-based library instruction to aid the reference librarian on duty.

3. Foo S., Lim E., (1998), An Integrated Web-Based ILL system for Singapore libraries, [Electronic Version], Interlending & Document Supply, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp10-20  

This article has proposed on an idea to convert manual system of inter-library bank loans. This article is used as a platform that an organisation has built today technology, “mother of all cataloguing” based from the idea of this initiative.

4. Garrison, J. A., Anderson, T. L., MacDonald, M. H., Schardt, C. M., Thibodeau, P. L., (2003), Supporting PDAs, the experience of a health sciences library, [Electronic Version], Library Hi Tech, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 412-418   

This article has discussed that Duke University Medical Center Library has adopted in the use of mobile technology. The article has focused in supporting the technology in a number of mean in communication, such as via web site, Listserv and User Group. This article is used to illustrate that digital library has the capability of going into mobile areas.

5. Information Intelligent Online Newsletter (2000), Ovid to contribute content to Harvard Med School’s core digital library, [Electronic Version], ABI/Inform Trade & Industry, 21, 12, pp6.  

This short newsletter report illustrated a collaboration work between the database and the institution’s library to ensure that newest contents are always flush in. From here, this report will illustrated today web can be built into intelligent content management.

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 12

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 13

August 21, 2008

6. Liew C. L., Foo. S., Chennupati K. R. (2000), A study of graduate student end users’ use and perception of electronic journals, [Electronic Version], The Online Information Review, vol. 24, no. 4, pp302.315   

This article reviews the rate of graduate student using electronic journals to aid their assignment. This also discussed the future of e-journal. This article is use to demonstrate the link between e-learning and digital library relationship.

7. Mason-Jones D., (2006), eLearning & KBE (eLearning is set to emerge as a key factor in Singapore’s ability to rapidly adjust to new commercial challeges), [Magazine], HRM Singapore, Url: http://www.hrmsingapore.com/detail_article.cfm?articleID=444, Last Accessed: August 21, 2008  

This magazine’s article illustrates and brief that e-learning is rising in the industrial sector as an alternative training platform. The Healthcare sector has taken this strength to deliver in a strategic matter to train their staffs, that includes having a digital library as an resource too.

8. Nikolaido, M., Anagnostopoulus, D., Hatzopoulos, M. (2003), Using a Medical Digital Library for Education Purposes, [Electronic Version], Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Symposium on Computer Based Medical System (CBMS’03) 

This is a proceeding paper that to illustrate the idea to catalogue the training material in a Dynamic Collection Management.

9. Nikolaido, M., Anagnostopoulus, D., Hatzopoulos, M. (2005), Development of a medical digital library managing multiple collections, [Electronic Version], The Electronic Library, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 221-236.  

This article review of the proceeding paper that have been presented before. This article explains the cost benefit of the Dynamic Collection Management and how it functions

10. Perly C. M., (2006), Physician use of the curbside consultation to address information needs: report on a collective case study.[Electronic Version], Journal of Medicine Library Association, 94(2), pp137-144 

This article explained that physician use the curbside to obtain and built knowledge with the librarian to locate and disseminating clinical information in a medical library environment.

11. Peters, T. A., Dorsch, J., Bell, L., Burnette, P. (2003), PDAs and health sciences libraries, [Electronic Version], Library Hi Tech, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 400-411. 

This article explores the opportunities and issues that surrounding to the use of PDA by the healthcare professionals and how the library is able to support.

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 13

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 14

August 21, 2008

12. Rozi-Hritovski, A., Humar, Iztok, Hritovski, D., (2003), Developing a multilingual, personalized medical library portal: use of MyLibrary in Slovenia, [Electronic Version], Electronic Library and Information System, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 146-157.  

This article reviews how Central Medical Library in the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia has development a multilingual platform to personalised the library portal. Personalisation is one of the key drivers that mean the user search experience.

13. Robu I., Robu V., Thirion B. (2006), An introduction to the Semantic Web for health sciences librarians, [Electronic Version], Journal of Medicine Library Association, 94(2), pp194-206 

This article is about a number of web technologies that have been introduced to the medical library site. 14. Sharifabadi S. R. (2006). How digital libraries can support e-learning, [Electronic Version], The Electronic Library, Vol. 24, No.3, pp309-401. 

This article described what is e-learning and how digital library can support this environment.

15. Vercellesi, L., Centemeri, C., Miranda, G. F., Rotta, B., Bruno, F., (2006), How to provide an alerting service on health topics for medical journals selecting papers from scientific journals, [Electronic Version], Health Information and Libraries Journal, no. 23, pp 223-228. 

This article described the available of the alerting service provided by the databases and how useful and the weight of the information pushes to the subscriber.

16. Warren, P., Alsmeyer, D. (2005), The digital library: a case study in intelligent content management, [Electronic Version], Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 28-29. 

This article is a case study that how digital library has become an intelligent content management from the result of semantic web and other web technologies adopted.

17. Wuff, L. J., Nixon, N. D., (2004), Quality markers and use of electronic journals in an academic health science library, [Electronic Version], Journal of Medical Library Association., vol. 91, no. 3, pp 315-22 

This article is about collection development practices quality markers and the patterns of use in electronic journals .

List of Website References (use in this paper) 1. Blackwell Synergy, (2006). Home, [Online]; Url: http://www.blackwellsynergy.com.ezlibproxy1.ntu.edu.sg/, Accessed on August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 14

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz  

Page 15

August 21, 2008

This site is a database that provide and links to a number of journals. On the site, they have many functions to retrieve journals

2. Emerald Insight, (2006). Home, [Online] Url: http://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezlibproxy1.ntu.edu.sg, Accessed on August 21, 2008  

This site is a database that provide and links to a number of journals. On the site, they have many functions to retrieve journals

3. National Library Board, Singapore (2006). Virtual Union Catalogue – Beta Version, [Website], Url:http://www.nlb.gov.sg/CPMS.portal;jsessionid=F7jJqqH92Qhs82L9W0SQCh7HQ7 MQmL2GTN0hfnc09BR11kz42VK3!833202438!1217123311?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=CPMS_page_VUCatalogue, Last accessed: August 21, 2008 

This site is the getaway to the Virtual Union Catalogue host by National Library Board.

4. New England Journal of Medicine, (2006), Research & Review Articles on Diseases & Clinical Practice, [Online], Url http://content.nejm.org/, Accessed on October 23, 2006  

This site is a database that provide and links to a number of journals. On the site, they have many functions to retrieve journals

5. University of Wollongong, (2006), elearning@UOW, [Online] Url: http://www.uow.edu.au/student/elearning/netiquette.html, Last accessed: August 21, 2008  This site is an explanation on why University of Wollongong has adopted elearning strategically.  Library with it digital resources are parted of the plan.

List of References (to built up the knowledge & understanding for this paper) 1. Byrd, S., Courson, G., Roderick, E. Taylor, J. M., (2001), Cost/Benefit analysis for digital library projects: the Virginia Historical Inventory Project (VHI), [Electronic Version], The Bottom Line: Managing Library Finances, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 65-75. 2. Gulari, A. (2004), Use of information and communication technology in the libraries and information centre: an Indian scenario, [Electronic Version], The Electronic Library, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 335-350. 3. Jones, R. A., (2005), Empowerment for digitization lessons learned from the Making of Modern Michigan, [Electronic Version], Library Hi Tech, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 205-219 4. Koehler. W., (2004), Digital libraries, digital containers, “library patrons”, and vision for the future, [Electronic Version], The Electronic Library, vol. 22, no. 5, pp 401-407.

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 15

August 21, 2008

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 16

August 21, 2008

5. Liu, Q. Y. (2004), Best practices, standards and techniques for digitizing library materials: a snapshot of library digitization practices in the USA, [Electronic Version]. Online Information Review, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 338-345. 6. McCulloch, E., Shiri, A., Nicholson, D., (2005), Challenges and issues in terminology mapping: a digital library perspective, [Electronic Version], The Electronic Library, vol. 23, no.6, pp. 671-677. 7. Rhyno, A. (2003), From library systems to mainstream software: How Web technologies are changing the role of the system librarian, [Electronic Version], Library Hi Tech, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 289-296

Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

Page 16

August 21, 2008