Star 0622

Volume 44

Issue 22 November 7, 2006

NASA STI Program ... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. The NASA scientific and technical information (STI) program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain this important role.

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CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected papers from scientific and technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other meetings sponsored or co-sponsored by NASA.

The NASA STI program operates under the auspices of the Agency Chief Information Officer. It collects, organizes, provides for archiving, and disseminates NASA’s STI. The NASA STI program provides access to the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database and its public interface, the NASA Technical Report Server, thus providing one of the largest collections of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. Results are published in both non-NASA channels and by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types:

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SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, technical, or historical information from NASA programs, projects, and missions, often concerned with subjects having substantial public interest.

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TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English-language translations of foreign scientific and technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission.

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TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of NASA Programs and include extensive data or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and information deemed to be of continuing reference value. NASA counterpart of peer-reviewed formal professional papers but has less stringent limitations on manuscript length and extent of graphic presentations. TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, working papers, and bibliographies that contain minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis. CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and technical findings by NASA-sponsored contractors and grantees.

Specialized services also include creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, and organizing and publishing research results. For more information about the NASA STI program, see the following: •

Access the NASA STI program home page at http://www.sti.nasa.gov

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E-mail your question via the Internet to [email protected]

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Fax your question to the NASA STI Help Desk at (301) 621-0134

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Phone the NASA STI Help Desk at (301) 621-0390

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Write to: NASA STI Help Desk NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Introduction Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) is an online information resource listing citations and abstracts of NASA and world wide aerospace-related STI. Updated biweekly, STAR highlights the most recent additions to the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database. Through this resource, the NASA STI Program provides timely access to the most current aerospace-related Research & Development (R&D) results. STAR subject coverage includes all aspects of aeronautics and space research and development, supporting basic and applied research, and application, as well as aerospace aspects of Earth resources, energy development, conservation, oceanography, environmental protection, urban transportation and other topics of high national priority. The listing is arranged first by 11 broad subject divisions, then within these divisions by 76 subject categories and includes two indexes: subject and author. STAR includes citations to Research & Development (R&D) results reported in: • • • • • •

NASA, NASA contractor, and NASA grantee reports Reports issued by other U.S. Government agencies, domestic and foreign institution, universities, and private firms Translations NASA-owned patents and patent applications Other U.S. Government agency and foreign patents and patent applications Domestic and foreign dissertations and theses

The NASA STI Program The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program was established to support the objectives of NASA’s missions and research to advance aeronautics and space science. By sharing information, the NASA STI Program ensures that the U.S. maintains its preeminence in aerospace-related industries and education, minimizes duplication of research, and increases research productivity. Through the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI), the NASA STI Program acquires, processes, archives, announces and disseminates both NASA’s internal STI and worldwide STI. The results of 20th and 21st century aeronautics and aerospace research and development, a worldwide investment totaling billions of dollars, have been captured, organized, and stored in the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database. New information is continually announced and made available as it is acquired, making this a dynamic and historical collection of value to business, industry, academia, federal institutions, and the general public. The STI Program offers products and tools that allow efficient access to the wealth of information derived from global R&D efforts. In addition, customized services are available to help tailor this valuable resource to meet your specific needs. For more information on the most up to date NASA STI, visit the STI Program’s website at http://www.sti.nasa.gov.

NASA STI Availability Information NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) Through NASA CASI, the NASA STI Program offers many information products and services to the aerospace community and to the public, including access to a selection of full text of the NASA STI. Free registration with the program is available to NASA, U.S. Government agencies and contractors. To register, contact CASI at [email protected]. Others should visit the program at www.sti.nasa.gov. The ‘search selected databases’ button provides access to the NASA Technical Reports Server (TRS) – the publicly available contents of the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database. Each citation in STAR indicates a ‘Source of Availability’. When CASI is indicated, the user can order this information directly from CASI using the STI Online Order Form or contact [email protected] or telephone the CASI Help Desk at 301-621-0390. Before ordering you may access price code tables for STI documents and videos. When information is not available from CASI, the source of the information is indicated when known. NASA STI is also available to the public through Federal information organizations. NASA CASI disseminates publicly available NASA STI to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) and to the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) through the Government Printing Office (GPO). In addition, NASA patents are available online from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The National Technical Information Service serves the American public as a central resource for unlimited, unclassified U.S. Government scientific, technical, engineering, and business related information. For more than 50 years NTIS has provided businesses, universities, and the public timely access to well over 2 million publications covering over 350 subject areas. Visit NTIS at http://www.ntis.gov.

The Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) The U.S. Congress established the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) to ensure access by the American public to U.S. Government information. The program acquires and disseminates information products from all three branches of the U.S. Government to nearly 1,300 Federal depository libraries nationwide. The libraries maintain these information products as part of their existing collections and are responsible for assuring that the public has free access to the information. Locate the Federal Depository Libraries http://www.gpoaccess.gov/index.html.

The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office provides online access to full text patents and patent applications. The database includes patents back to 1976 plus some pre-1975 patents. Visit the USPTO at http://www.uspto.gov/patft/.

Table of Contents Subject Divisions/Categories Document citations are grouped by division and then by category, according to the NASA Scope and Subject Category Guide.

Aeronautics 01

Aeronautics (General) ...................................................................................................... 1

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Aerodynamics .................................................................................................................. 1

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Air Transportation and Safety .......................................................................................... 4

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Aircraft Communications and Navigation ....................................................................... 11

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Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance ..................................................................... 13

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Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation ............................................................................ 24

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Aircraft Propulsion and Power ....................................................................................... 25

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Aircraft Stability and Control .......................................................................................... 30

09

Research and Support Facilities (Air) ........................................................................... 32

Astronautics 12

Astronautics (General) ................................................................................................... 32

13

Astrodynamics ............................................................................................................... 35

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Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space) .......................................................... 36

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Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations ...................................................................... 36

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Space Transportation and Safety .................................................................................. 44

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Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking ......... 46

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Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance ............................................................... 47

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Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics .................................................................... 60

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Spacecraft Propulsion and Power ................................................................................. 61

Chemistry and Materials 23

Chemistry and Materials (General) ............................................................................... 63

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Composite Materials ...................................................................................................... 78

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Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry .................................................................. 80

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Metals and Metallic Materials ........................................................................................ 97

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Nonmetallic Materials .................................................................................................. 105

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Propellants and Fuels .................................................................................................. 111

Engineering 31

Engineering (General) .................................................................................................. 112

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Communications and Radar ........................................................................................ 115

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Electronics and Electrical Engineering ........................................................................ 125

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Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics ....................................................................... 141

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Instrumentation and Photography ............................................................................... 149

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Lasers and Masers ...................................................................................................... 156

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Mechanical Engineering .............................................................................................. 159

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Quality Assurance and Reliability ................................................................................ 166

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Structural Mechanics ................................................................................................... 167

Geosciences 42

Geosciences (General) ................................................................................................ 168

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Earth Resources and Remote Sensing ....................................................................... 169

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Energy Production and Conversion ............................................................................. 173

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Environment Pollution .................................................................................................. 184

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Geophysics .................................................................................................................. 188

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Meteorology and Climatology ...................................................................................... 193

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Oceanography ............................................................................................................. 200

Life Sciences 51

Life Sciences (General) ............................................................................................... 201

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Aerospace Medicine .................................................................................................... 255

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Behavioral Sciences .................................................................................................... 258

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Man/System Technology and Life Support .................................................................. 258

Mathematical and Computer Sciences 59 Mathematical and Computer Sciences (General) ....................................................... 280 60 Computer Operations and Hardware .......................................................................... 291 61 Computer Programming and Software ........................................................................ 294 62 Computer Systems ...................................................................................................... 317 63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics .......................................................... 329 64 Numerical Analysis ...................................................................................................... 341 65 Statistics and Probability ............................................................................................. 361 66 Systems Analysis and Operations Research .............................................................. 372 67 Theoretical Mathematics .............................................................................................. 388

Physics 70 Physics (General) ........................................................................................................ 71 Acoustics ...................................................................................................................... 72 Atomic and Molecular Physics .................................................................................... 73 Nuclear Physics ...........................................................................................................

396 407 413 414

74 Optics ........................................................................................................................... 414 75 Plasma Physics ........................................................................................................... 417 76 Solid-State Physics ...................................................................................................... 418 77 Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields ................................................................ 420

Social and Information Sciences 80

Social and Information Sciences (General) ................................................................. 423

81 Administration and Management ................................................................................. 423 82 Documentation and Information Science .................................................................... 425 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation ..................................................... 441

Space Sciences 88 Space Sciences (General) ........................................................................................... 89 Astronomy .................................................................................................................... 90 Astrophysics ................................................................................................................. 91 Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration ............................................................

442 446 447 450

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Solar Physics ............................................................................................................... 459

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Space Radiation .......................................................................................................... 461

General 99

General ........................................................................................................................ 461

Indexes Two indexes are available. You may use the find command under the tools menu while viewing the PDF file for direct match searching on any text string. You may also select either of the two indexes provided for linking to the corresponding document citation from NASA Thesaurus terms and personal author names.

Subject Term Index Personal Author Index

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration VOLUME 44, NOVEMBER 6, 2006 01 AERONAUTICS (GENERAL) Includes general research topics related to manned and unmanned aircraft and the problems of flight within the Earth’s atmosphere. Also includes manufacturing, maintenance, and repair of aircraft. For specific topics in aeronautics, see categories 02 through 09. For information related to space vehicles see 12 Astronautics.

20060048307 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA Aeroacoustic Study of a 26%-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel Horne, W. Clifton; Burnside, Nathan J.; Soderman, Paul T.; Jaeger, Stephen M.; Reinero, Bryan R.; James, Kevin D.; Arledge, Thomas K.; October 2004; 216 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): UPN 781-00-00 Report No.(s): NASA/TP-2003-212802; A-0410923; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy An acoustic and aerodynamic study was made of a 26%-scale unpowered Boeing 777 aircraft semispan model in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel for the purpose of identifying and attenuating airframe noise sources. Simulated approach and landing configurations were evaluated at Mach numbers between 0.12 and 0.24. Cruise configurations were evaluated at Mach numbers between 0.24 and 0.33. The research team used two Ames phased-microphone arrays, a large fixed array and a small traversing array, mounted under the wing to locate and compare various noise sources in the wing high-lift system and landing gear. Numerous model modifications and noise alleviation devices were evaluated. Simultaneous with acoustic measurements, aerodynamic forces were recorded to document aircraft conditions and any performance changes caused by the geometric modifications. Numerous airframe noise sources were identified that might be important factors in the approach and landing noise of the full-scale aircraft. Several noise-control devices were applied to each noise source. The devices were chosen to manipulate and control, if possible, the flow around the various tips and through the various gaps of the high-lift system so as to minimize the noise generation. Fences, fairings, tip extensions, cove fillers, vortex generators, hole coverings, and boundary-layer trips were tested. In many cases, the noise-control devices eliminated noise from some sources at specific frequencies. When scaled to full-scale third-octave bands, typical noise reductions ranged from 1 to 10 dB without significant aerodynamic performance loss. Author Boeing 777 Aircraft; Wings; Semispan Models; Aerodynamic Characteristics; Aerodynamic Forces; Aeroacoustics; Noise Generators; Airframes 02 AERODYNAMICS Includes aerodynamics of flight vehicles, test bodies, airframe components and combinations, wings, and control surfaces. Also includes aerodynamics of rotors, stators, fans, and other elements of turbomachinery. For related information see also 34 Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics.

20060048929 Air Force Research Lab., Eglin AFB, FL USA Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Issues for Explosively Formed Penetrators Vanden, Kirk; Ellison, Steve; Wilson, James; Case, Ben; Aug 2006; 22 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2307 Report No.(s): AD-A453699; AFRL-MN-EG-TP-2006-7405; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The technology of hypersonic projectiles is becoming mature from a metal physics perspective but there are still unsolved 1

challenges relating to flight characteristics and aero dynamic stability. These projectiles deform under explosive loads and accelerate to hypersonic speeds in 2x10-6 seconds. In addition, these projectiles operate at sea-level conditions, a high-speed flight regime not commonly studied. The objective of this effort is to study the aerodynamics characteristics of deformable projectiles flying at hypersonic speeds and sea-level conditions. Because aerodynamic stability is critical for proper performance it is important to know what shapes should be avoided and which ones are acceptable. Since this was a short one-year IDP task the effort only focused on static body geometries, no deformable body calculations were attempted. DTIC Aerodynamic Stability; Hypersonic Flow; Penetration; Unsteady Flow; Warheads 20060048934 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Joined Wing Scissor Morphing Dike, Christopher; Jun 2006; 128 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453708; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J02; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy The Air Force Research Laboratory’s Munitions Directorate has been looking to extend the range of its small smart bomb. Corneille [6] has conducted tests to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of joined wings on a missile and determine if joined wings are more beneficial than a single wing configuration. The concept of retrofitting wings on the bomb introduced an interesting problem: storage before deployment. This study conducted steady-state low speed wind tunnel testing of a joined wing configuration that morphed from a compact configuration for storage to a full extension. These steady-state tests examine differing sweep angles of the same joined wing configuration. The lift and drag as well as pitching moments and rolling moments were determined and analyzed for the effects of morphing. DTIC Joined Wings; Variable Sweep Wings; Wind Tunnel Tests; Wings 20060049238 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Experimental Investigation of the Aerodynamic Ground Effect of a Tailless Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing Flaps Mostaccio, Jason T; Jun 2006; 209 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453970; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453970; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This experimental study adequately identified the ground effect region of a lambda-shaped unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV). The lambda planform used in this study was originally tested in a previous experiment to determine the stability and control characteristics generated out-of-ground-effect. The following study extends the existing database by analyzing the inherent aerodynamic behavior that is produced by employing trailing edge flap deflections while flying in-ground-effect (IGE). To accomplish this objective, static ground effect tests were performed in the AFIT 3? x 3? subsonic wind tunnel where a ground plane was used to simulate the forces and moments on the UCAV IGE. Removable aluminum flap pieces were attached to the model, in a split flap configuration, along the midboard and outboard trailing edges of the UCAV, and the corresponding IGE data was collected for symmetric and asymmetric deflections of +10o and +20o. Based on the results of this study, the ground effect region for the lambda UCAV, with flaps deployed was characterized by an increase in the lift, a reduction in the induced drag but an increase in the overall drag, and an increase in the lift-to-drag ratio. These trends were noted in previous ground effect studies for aircraft with trailing edge flaps, and similar aspect ratios and wing sweep. Additionally, a flow visualization analysis revealed that a vortical flow pattern, that is characteristic of delta wing configurations, developed over the upper surface of the wing at high angles of attack. DTIC Aerodynamic Characteristics; Aerodynamics; Aircraft; Ground Effect (Aerodynamics); Wing Flaps; Wings 20060049266 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics Bortz, D M; Rubio, A D; Banks, H T; Cain, A B; Smith, R C; Jul 19, 2000; 26 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0180 Report No.(s): AD-A454028; CRSC-TR00-18; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454028; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Aircraft with internal carriage of weapons or surveillance systems require active control strategies to limit high amplitude open bay acoustic resonances and to facilitate optimization of structure requirements and weapon/surveillance reliability. This paper focuses on communicating an investigation of the use of numerical simulation combined with Proper Orthogonal 2

Decomposition (POD) model reduction methods to optimize an active control system for aircraft open cavity applications. Issues ad- dressed include characterizing shear layer and wake resonant responses, optimal steady blowing rates, the effect of open loop harmonic perturbations, use of POD for post-processing data to reduce storage requirements, and the use of the Nelder-Mead optimization procedure. Comparison of the wake and shear layer responses reveals why a wake response in aircraft is undesirable. This study has focused primarily on a freestream flow at M=0.85 with a cavity of aspect ratio l/d = 4.5. The results include the use of steady blowing injection up to M = 0.9 and harmonic forcing perturbations ranging in amplitude from M=0.005 to M=0.45. In the parameter space examined, fluid displacement had the largest effect. The best observed forcing reduced the buffet loading metrics by approximately 17 db. DTIC Acoustic Resonance; Acoustics; Aerodynamic Noise; Cavities; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Mathematical Models; Noise Reduction

20060049404 Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA USA Performance Analysis of a Wing With Multiple Winglets Smith, M J; Komerath, N; Ames, R; Wong, O; Pearson, J; Jan 2001; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-00-C-3017 Report No.(s): AD-A454384; AIAA-2001-2407; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454384; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This effort examined the potential of multi-winglets for the reduction of induced drag without increasing the span of aircraft wings. Wind tunnel models were constructed using a NACA 0012 airfoil section for the untwisted, rectangular wing and flat plates for the winglets. Testing of the configurations occurred over a range of Reynolds numbers from 161,000 to 300,000. Wind tunnel balances provided lift and drag measurements, and laser flow visualization obtained wingtip vortex information. The Cobalt60 unstructured solver generated flow simulations of the experimental configuration via solution of the Euler equations of motion. The results show that certain multi-winglet configurations reduced the wing induced drag and improved lift by 15-30% compared with the baseline 0012 wing. A substantial increase in lift curve slope occurs with dihedral spread of winglets set at zero incidence relative to the wing. Dihedral spread also distributes the tip vortex. These observations supplement previous results on drag reduction due to lift reorientation with twisted winglets set at negative incidence. DTIC Aerodynamic Configurations; Drag Reduction; Reliability Analysis; Winglets; Wings

20060049612 Surrey Univ., Guildford, UK Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation for Small Satellites Valpiani, James M; Palmer, Philip L; Aug 2006; 17 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454632; CI04-188D; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A novel method for efficient high-accuracy satellite attitude estimation is presented to address the increasing performance requirements of resource-constrained small satellites. Symplectic numerical methods are applied to the nonlinear estimation problem for Hamiltonian systems, leading to a new general solution that exactly preserves state probability density functions and conserves invariant properties of the dynamics when solving for the state estimate. This nonlinear Symplectic Filter is applied to a standard small satellite mission and simulation results demonstrate orders of magnitude improvement in state and constants of motion estimation when compared to extended and iterative Kalman methods particularly in the presence of nonlinear dynamics and high accuracy attitude observations. Based on numerous simulations, the authors conclude that this new method shows promise for improved attitude estimation onboard high performance, resource-constrained small satellites. DTIC Artificial Satellites; Attitude (Inclination); Nonlinearity; Probability Density Functions

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03 AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY Includes passenger and cargo air transport operations; airport ground operations; flight safety and hazards; and aircraft accidents. Systems and hardware specific to ground operations of aircraft and to airport construction are covered in 09 Research and Support Facilities (Air). Air traffic control is covered in 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation. For related information see also 16 Space Transportation and Safety and 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.

20060048280 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft Baxley, Brian T.; Barmore, Bryan E.; Abbott, Terence S.; Capron, William R.; [2006]; 11 pp.; In English; 6th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration and Operations Conference (ATIO), 25-27 Sep. 2006, Wichita, KS, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 931-02-07-07; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The predicted tripling of air traffic within the next 15 years is expected to cause significant aircraft delays and create a major financial burden for the airline industry unless the capacity of the National Airspace System can be increased. One approach to improve throughput and reduce delay is to develop new ground tools, airborne tools, and procedures to reduce the variance of aircraft delivery to the airport, thereby providing an increase in runway throughput capacity and a reduction in arrival aircraft delay. The first phase of the Merging and Spacing Concept employs a ground based tool used by Air Traffic Control that creates an arrival time to the runway threshold based on the aircraft s current position and speed, then makes minor adjustments to that schedule to accommodate runway throughput constraints such as weather and wake vortex separation criteria. The Merging and Spacing Concept also employs arrival routing that begins at an en route metering fix at altitude and continues to the runway threshold with defined lateral, vertical, and velocity criteria. This allows the desired spacing interval between aircraft at the runway to be translated back in time and space to the metering fix. The tool then calculates a specific speed for each aircraft to fly while enroute to the metering fix based on the adjusted land timing for that aircraft. This speed is data-linked to the crew who fly this speed, causing the aircraft to arrive at the metering fix with the assigned spacing interval behind the previous aircraft in the landing sequence. The second phase of the Merging and Spacing Concept increases the timing precision of the aircraft delivery to the runway threshold by having flight crews using an airborne system make minor speed changes during enroute, descent, and arrival phases of flight. These speed changes are based on broadcast aircraft state data to determine the difference between the actual and assigned time interval between the aircraft pair. The airborne software then calculates a speed adjustment to null that difference over the remaining flight trajectory. Follow-on phases still under development will expand the concept to all types of aircraft, arriving from any direction, merging at different fixes and altitudes, and to any airport. This paper describes the implementation phases of the Merging and Spacing Concept, and provides high-level results of research conducted to date. Author Air Traffıc; Air Traffıc Control; Flight Crews; Spacing; Flight Paths; Airspace; Aircraft Approach Spacing; Aircraft Maneuvers; Approach Control

20060048290 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Throughput and Traffic Delays Using Self Separation Procedures Consiglio, Maria C.; Sturdy, James L.; [2006]; 8 pp.; In English; ICAS 2006 - 25th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, 3-8 Sep. 2006, Hamburg, Germany; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 23-786-10-10; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy This paper presents the results of three simulation studies of throughput and delay times of arrival and departure operations performed at non-towered, non-radar airports using self-separation procedures. The studies were conducted as part of the validation process of the Small Aircraft Transportation Systems Higher Volume Operations (SATS HVO) concept and include an analysis of the predicted airport capacity using with different traffic conditions and system constraints under increasing levels of demand. Results show that SATS HVO procedures can dramatically increase capacity at non-towered, non-radar airports and that the concept offers the potential for increasing capacity of the overall air transportation system. Author Air Traffıc; Air Transportation; Monte Carlo Method; Airports 4

20060048294 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts Viken, Jeff; Dollyhigh, Samuel; Smith, Jeremy; Trani, Antonio; Baik, Hojong; Hinze, Nicholas; Ashiabor, Senanu; [2006]; 29 pp.; In English; 6th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration and Operations Conference (ATIO), 25-27 Sep. 2006, Wichita, KS, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 931-02-07-07-01 Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2006-7761; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The current work incorporates the Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) to predict the future demand for airline travel. TSAM is a multi-mode, national model that predicts the demand for all long distance travel at a county level based upon population and demographics. The model conducts a mode choice analysis to compute the demand for commercial airline travel based upon the traveler s purpose of the trip, value of time, cost and time of the trip,. The county demand for airline travel is then aggregated (or distributed) to the airport level, and the enplanement demand at commercial airports is modeled. With the growth in flight demand, and utilizing current airline flight schedules, the Fratar algorithm is used to develop future flight schedules in the NAS. The projected flights can then be flown through air transportation simulators to quantify the ability of the NAS to meet future demand. A major strength of the TSAM analysis is that scenario planning can be conducted to quantify capacity requirements at individual airports, based upon different future scenarios. Different demographic scenarios can be analyzed to model the demand sensitivity to them. Also, it is fairly well know, but not well modeled at the airport level, that the demand for travel is highly dependent on the cost of travel, or the fare yield of the airline industry. The FAA projects the fare yield (in constant year dollars) to keep decreasing into the future. The magnitude and/or direction of these projections can be suspect in light of the general lack of airline profits and the large rises in airline fuel cost. Also, changes in travel time and convenience have an influence on the demand for air travel, especially for business travel. Future planners cannot easily conduct sensitivity studies of future demand with the FAA TAF data, nor with the Boeing or Airbus projections. In TSAM many factors can be parameterized and various demand sensitivities can be predicted for future travel. These resulting demand scenarios can be incorporated into future flight schedules, therefore providing a quantifiable demand for flights in the NAS for a range of futures. In addition, new future airline business scenarios are investigated that illustrate when direct flights can replace connecting flights and larger aircraft can be substituted, only when justified by demand. Author Civil Aviation; Systems Analysis; Airline Operations; National Airspace System; Forecasting; Air Transportation; Mathematical Models

20060048493 Civil Aerospace Medical Inst., Oklahoma City, OK, USA A Human Factors Review of the Operational Error Literature Schroeder, David; Bailey, Larry; Pounds, Julia; Manning, Carol; August 2006; 66 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AM-HRR-524 Report No.(s): DOT/FAA/AM-06/21; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report reviews available documents concerning research and initiatives to reduce operational errors (OEs). It provides a brief history of OE investigation and reporting. It describes 154 documents published from 1960-2005 and 222 OE reduction initiatives implemented from 1986 to 2005. Materials are classified by 1) type of study and 2) human and other contributing factors (using the JANUS taxonomy). An analysis of the literature identified several consistent findings. OEs were related to the amount of traffic (measured nationally rather than by position, early time on position, and pilot/controller miscommunications (especially hearback/readback errors). Initiatives included developing national and local QA activities, providing resources to supervisors to help them perform their jobs, and skills training to address controller mental processes. Many ATO initiatives involved controller training, teamwork, and communications. Research and operations seemed to focus on the same 6 areas: a) training and experience, b) teamwork, c) pilot-ATC communications, d) Human Machine Interaction (HMI) and equipment, e) airspace/surface, and f) traffic. This review concluded that, historically, much (sometimes redundant) research was conducted that generated little new information about why OEs occurred. Similarly, many initiatives were implemented, but the lack of a systematic follow-up prevented us from learning which were effective. This cycle will continue unless relevant data are obtained that can address underlying causal dimensions typically associated with human errors. Better data will allow conducting more informative, theory-based analyses. ATO must also continually assess the effectiveness of OE mitigation strategies. Research efforts, operational initiatives, and program outcomes must be monitored to avoid wasting resources by repeatedly conducting the same analyses, re-discovering the same intervention strategies, and addressing only the easy problems. Development of a safety culture requires obtaining better data about circumstances surrounding OEs; 5

identifying individual, supervisory, and organizational contributions; and measuring the effectiveness of interventions. Author Air Traffıc Control; Human Factors Engineering; Aircraft Accidents; Mental Performance; Operator Performance; Literature 20060048496 Civil Aerospace Medical Inst., Oklahoma City, OK, USA Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Cargo Industry Caldwell, Douglas C.; Lewis, Russell J.; Shaffstall, Robert M.; August 2006; 8 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AM-B-05-TOX-204 Report No.(s): DOT/FAA/AM-06/19; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Dry ice is used as a refrigerant for the shipment of perishable goods in the aviation industry. The sublimation of dry ice can, however, lead to incapacitating levels of carbon dioxide in the aircraft cabin environment, as exemplified by the National Transportation Safety Board s (NTSB s) probable cause determination in a 1998 Brownsville, Texas, incapacitation incident. This incident prompted the NTSB to request that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) revisit the dry ice sublimation rate published in FAA Advisory Circular AC 103-4. The sublimation rate used in AC 103-4 to calculate permissible dry ice loads was based on a study conducted by Pan American Airlines where a single, large piece of dry ice (100 lb block) was used. Today, the majority of dry ice shipments contain smaller amounts of dry ice obtained in pellet form (approximately 5 lb). This study focuses on the sublimation rate of dry ice packed in such commonly encountered amounts. In this study, approximately 5 lb of dry ice, in pellet form, was added to each of 20 pre-weighed TheromoSafe shipping containers. The boxes were then weighed to obtain preflight weights and placed in an altitude chamber located at the FAA’s Civil Aerospace Medical Institute. The chamber was depressurized to an altitude of 8000 ft at a rate of 1000 ft/min. The total flight time was 6 h. The containers were then removed and immediately weighed to obtain post-flight measurements. Using the differences in weight as well as the total flight time, an average sublimation rate of 2.0 +/- 0.3%/h was determined. Results indicate that the sublimation rate is greater when dry ice is packaged in pellet form in small quantities. These results contrast the Pan American Airlines study that employed one solid 100-lb block of dry ice. The current study improves air cargo safety by providing a sublimation rate for dry ice shipped in small, more representative quantities. The updated sublimation rate can be used to calculate safe dry ice loads for containers commonly used today. Author Air Cargo; Carbon Dioxide; Sublimation; Refrigerants; Solidified Gases; Amount 20060048600 Illinois Univ., Urbana-Champaign, IL USA Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload Analysis Dixon, Stephen R; Wickens, Christopher D; Jan 2003; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): MAAD6021-000-01 Report No.(s): AD-A446844; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA446844; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Fifty-four licensed pilots carried out multiple surveillance missions on two high-fidelity simulations representing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In Experiment 1, pilots were required to operate a single UAV through three different mission conditions: a baseline condition, one that offloaded relevant information to the auditory channel, and one that provided automation of flight path control. In Experiment 2, pilots operated two UAVs simultaneously through the same three mission conditions. Pilots were responsible for the following tasks: (1) mission completion, (2) target search, and (3) systems monitoring. Results of the experiment suggest that automation and auditory offloading can be beneficial to performance by reducing interference between tasks, and thus alleviating overall workload. DTIC Drone Vehicles; Flight Simulation; Loads (Forces); Pilots; Workloads (Psychophysiology) 20060048669 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, The Hague, Netherlands Overview of Sortie-Numbers in Various Operations (Overzicht Sortie-Aantallen in Diverse Operaties) Boots-Theunissen, E A; Halfhide, Y F; Mar 2005; 61 pp.; In Dutch; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453295; TNO-DV1-2004-A254; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453295; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report describes the results of the research of the contribution of the F-16 aircraft of the Royal Netherlands Air Force to air force operations the past ten years. Several sources of information were used: books written by the Air Force, information systems, internet sites and articles in military journals. In case of inconsistency between sources of information, 6

all the information and sources are mentioned. The report gives the number of sorties and number of flying hours for the F-16 aircraft of the RNLAF for eight air force operations. It also includes the number of sorties of all the participating air forces both for these eight air force operations and for two additional operations. DTIC F-16 Aircraft; Fighter Aircraft; Military Operations 20060048927 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Aviation Security-Related Findings and Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Elias, Bart; Mar 30, 2005; 21 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453685; CRS-RL32541; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The 9/11 Commission found that al Qaeda operatives exploited known weaknesses in U.S. aviation security to carry out the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. While legislation and administration actions after September 11, 2001 were implemented to strengthen aviation security, the 9/11 Commission concluded that several weaknesses continue to exist. These include perceived vulnerabilities in cargo and general aviation security as well as inadequate screening and access controls at airports. The 9/11 Commission issued several recommendations designed to strengthen aviation security by: enhancing passenger pre-screening; improving measures to detect explosives on passengers; addressing human factors issues at screening checkpoints; expediting deployment of in-line baggage screening systems; intensifying efforts to identify, track, and screen potentially dangerous cargo; and deploying hardened cargo containers on passenger aircraft. In addition to these specific recommendations, an overarching recommendation for transportation security policy asserts that priorities should be set based on risk, and the most practical and cost effective deterrents should be implemented assigning appropriate roles and missions to federal, state, and local authorities, as well as private stakeholders. DTIC Airline Operations; Commercial Aircraft; Security; Terrorism 20060048936 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues Shea, Dana A; Morgan, Daniel; Feb 7, 2005; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453711; CRS-RS21920; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the USA, known as the 9/11 Commission, recommended that Congress and the Transportation Security Administration give priority attention to screening airline passengers for explosives. The key issue for Congress is balancing the costs of mandating passenger explosives trace detection against other aviation security needs. Passenger explosives screening technologies have been under development for several years and are now being tested for suitability in airport operation. Their technical capabilities have not been fully established, and operational and policy issues have not yet been resolved. Critical factors for implementation in airports include reliability, passenger throughput, and passenger privacy concerns. Presuming the successful development and deployment of this technology, certification standards, operational policy, and screening procedures for federal use will need to be established. This topic, which was addressed by Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-458), continues to be of congressional interest in the 109th Congress. DTIC Air Transportation; Airline Operations; Detection; Explosives; Explosives Detection; Security; Terrorism 20060048956 Boeing Phantom Works, Saint Louis, MO USA Air Vehicle Technology Integration Program (AVTIP) Delivery Order 0015: Open Control Platform (OCP) Software Enabled Control (SEC) Hardware in the Loop Simulation - OCP Hardware Integration Paunicka, James L; Jun 2005; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-00-D-3052-0015; Proj-A008 Report No.(s): AD-A453784; BOEING-STL2004P0023; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Boeing Phantom Works collaborated with Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) researchers at the Aerospace Vehicles Technology Assessment and Simulation (AVTAS) Laboratory and with Northrop Grumman to conduct the Open Control Platform (OCP) Hardware-In-The-Loop (HITL) project sponsored by the DARPA Software Enabled Control (SEC) Program. The purpose of this project is to develop the capability to be an OCP test-bed and to evaluate the OCP controls and simulation environment for a specific test case. The OCP, developed by Boeing, provides an open, middleware-enabled software framework and development platform for developers of distributed and embedded software applications. The middleware 7

isolates the programmer from the details of the operating system and provides a mechanism for communication with other OCP software components. A Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) was chosen as a representative flight controls application to exercise OCP. The programmatic approach taken by the OCP-HITL project was a series of simulation experiments with increasing complexity. DTIC Computer Programming; Control Simulation; Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation; Software Engineering 20060049241 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Control of Acoustics and Store Separation in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow Sahoo, Debashis; Feb 2005; 141 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-00-2-0384 Report No.(s): AD-A453973; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453973; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy The supersonic flight community is currently faced with two cavity-under-cross-flow related problems, one being the high noise levels inside the cavity and the other being the return of a store into the cavity after being released from inside. This thesis provides a systematic framework to understand the dominant physics in both problems and to provide solutions for ameliorating the problems. For the first problem, an innovative cavity acoustics model is developed that rigorously explains the role of leading edge microjets in cavity noise suppression and predicts the magnitude of noise reduction for a given control input (that is the steady pressure at which the microjets are fired). The model is validated through comparison of its noise reduction predictions with experiments done using the Florida State University cavity and wind tunnel for different microjet pressures and under Mach 2.0 and Reynolds number 3 million flow, with the microjets being of diameter 400 microns. The second problem that the thesis is concerned with, is that of unsuccessful store drops from an external bay of an aircraft in flight. A group of researchers under the DARPA-funded HIFEX Program is currently developing an effective control mechanism to ensure safe release of a slender axi-symmetric store from a rectangular cavity under supersonic external cross-flow. In this thesis, a suitable low-order model is developed with separate components to predict the pitch and plunge motion of the store when it is inside the cavity, when it is passing through the shear layer at the mouth of the cavity and when it is completely outside the cavity. The model is based on slender axi-symmetric body aerodynamics, thin shear layer at the cavity mouth, high Reynolds number external cross-flow, plane shock waves associated with the microjet actuators, no-flow condition inside the cavity and inconsideration of the cavity acoustic field. DTIC Acoustics; Cavity Flow; Cavity Resonators; External Stores; Supersonic Flow 20060049243 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Simulation of Weapons Release from Cargo Aircraft Wilson, Paul M; Mar 2006; 212 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453975; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-M33; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453975; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The purpose of this study is to develop a computer simulation capable of providing an accurate flight history of an air-dropped munitions dispenser system in order to conduct proof of concept testing. The simulation is intended to serve as an adaptable tool for the development and testing of any cargo aircraft based weapons dispenser system. The simulation allows the user to conduct low-cost, time efficient, and effective tests of various design concepts in determining their operational feasibility and performance envelope. The munitions dispenser system is intended to provide a retrofit combat capability to the USAF C-17 aircraft, delivering massive amounts of precision guided ordnance where needed, when needed, while remaining outside the threat envelope. The dispenser concept was developed and modified through use of the simulation by determining the most favorable parachute system, harness configuration, and munition release sequence which ensure the desired behavior and performance of the twenty-munition dispenser system. The developed dispenser system was subjected to various adverse flight conditions, disturbances, and system malfunctions to determine the dispenser’s reaction to such inputs. Overall, the developed dispenser configuration has proven to be a viable weapons release platform for a cargo aircraft. DTIC Aircraft; Cargo; Cargo Aircraft; Computerized Simulation; Dispensers; Parachutes; Simulation 20060049245 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Wireless Sensor Network Applications for the Combat Air Forces Melloy, John R; Jun 13, 2006; 94 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations 8

Report No.(s): AD-A453978; AFIT/IC4/ENG/06-05; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453978; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The main objective of this research is to examine the capabilities and limitations of wireless sensor networks with a focus on applications in an operational Air Force setting. The topography of such networks can be varied to suit applications across the spectrum of military operations. Sensor networks have certain inherent advantages, such as scalability, inconspicuousness, self-healing capability, and deployability. Possible uses include perimeter monitoring, mine field detection, aircraft health, search and rescue, target location, and others. Despite such potential capabilities, much study is needed to ensure their feasibility and utility. There are issues relating to network structure, data flow, power supplies, and methods of deployment. This paper covers some likely USAF applications and the unique problems which must be overcome. Implemented smartly, these devices can provide a new source of information in the ever-changing realm of information warfare, and can significantly improve the real-time battlespace picture. DTIC Armed Forces (United States); Combat; Networks; Warfare; Wireless Communication

20060049276 Naval Research Advisory Committee, Arlington, VA USA Aging Naval Aircraft Study Young Jr, John J; Sep 26, 2002; 51 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454056; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454056; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy No abstract available Logistics Management; Military Aircraft; Military Aviation

20060049378 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Military Airlift: C-17 Aircraft Program Bolkcom, Christopher; May 30, 2006; 23 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454339; CRS-RL30685; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454339; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The C-17 Globemaster III is a long-range cargo/transport aircraft operated by the U.S. Air Force since 1993. Congress approved development of the aircraft in the late 1970s, when it was recognized that the Air Force did not have enough airlift capability. In 1981, the McDonnell Douglas C-17 emerged as winner of a competition with Boeing and Lockheed to develop a next-generation aircraft to replace C-130s and C-141s. Full-scale development of the C-17 got underway in 1986, but technical problems and funding shortfalls delayed the program, leading to slipped schedules and increased costs. Despite those difficulties, the C-17 has retained broad congressional support and enjoys strong Air Force and Army backing. Defense officials view the C-17 as essential because of its ability to fly long distances with large payloads yet still use smaller bases in remote areas. DTIC C-17 Aircraft; Transport Aircraft

20060049426 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Air Force Aerial Refueling Methods: Flying Boom Versus Hose-and-Drogue Bolkcom, Christopher; Jun 5, 2006; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454450; CRS-RL32910; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454450; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Decisions on the composition of the Air Force aerial refueling fleet were made decades ago, when the primary mission was to refuel long-range strategic bombers. Modifications have been made to many of these tanker aircraft (KC-135s and KC-10s) to make them more effective in refueling fighter aircraft. This report, which will be updated, examines the balance between two different refueling methods in today’s refueling fleet - ‘flying boom’ and ‘hose-and-drogue’ DTIC Air to Air Refueling; Hoses; Refueling; Towed Bodies 9

20060049436 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Air Force Aerial Refueling Bolkcom, Christopher; Sep 19, 2005; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454466; CRS-RS20941; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454466; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Aerial refueling aircraft are key to air operations. The U.S. tanker fleet is large and effective, but old. Modernizing or replacing the current fleet of tankers presents the Department of Defense (DOD) with difficult choices in terms of desired capabilities, force structure, and budget. How this fleet will be maintained or replaced, and on what schedule, has proven controversial. This report will be updated as events warrant. DTIC Air to Air Refueling; Refueling 20060049451 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues Shea, Dana A; Morgan, Daniel; Aug 9, 2006; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454492; CRS-RS21920; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454492; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the USA, known as the 9/11 Commission, recommended that Congress and the Transportation Security Administration give priority attention to screening airline passengers for explosives. The key issue for Congress is balancing the costs of mandating passenger explosives trace detection against other aviation security needs. Passenger explosives screening technologies have been under development for several years and are now being deployed in selected airports. Their technical capabilities have not been fully established, and operational and policy issues have not yet been resolved. Critical factors for implementation in airports include reliability, passenger throughput, and passenger privacy concerns. Presuming the successful development and deployment of this technology, certification standards, operational policy, and screening procedures for federal use will need to be established. This topic, which was addressed by Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-458), continues to be of congressional interest in the 109th Congress. This report will not be updated. DTIC Airline Operations; Commercial Aircraft; Detection; Explosives; Explosives Detection; Passengers 20060049579 Stottler Henke Associates, Inc., San Mateo, CA USA FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Framework for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems Ramachandran, Sowmya; Remolina, Emilio; Fu, Daniel; Jan 2006; 4 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-5317 Report No.(s): AD-A454585; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy The need for rapid and cost-effective development of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) with flexible pedagogical approaches has led to a demand for authoring tools. The authoring systems developed to date provide a range of options and flexibility, such as authoring simulations, or authoring tutoring strategies. This paper describes FlexiTrainer, an authoring framework that enables the rapid creation of pedagogically rich and performance-oriented learning environments with custom content and tutoring strategies. FlexiTrainer provides tools for specifying the domain knowledge and derives its power from a visual behavior editor for specifying the dynamic behavior of tutoring agents that interact to deliver instruction. The FlexiTrainer runtime engine is an agent-based system in which different instructional agents carry out related actions to achieve instructional goals. FlexiTrainer has been used to develop an ITS for training helicopter pilots in flying skills. DTIC Computer Assisted Instruction; Education; Flight Simulation; Flight Training; Knowledge Based Systems; Software Development Tools 20060049779 Institut de Medecine Aerospatiale du Service, Armees, France Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach Hourlier, Sylvain; Meehan, James; Leger, Alain; Roumes, Corinne; Apr 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454885; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Auditory Signals; Helmet Mounted Displays; Human Factors Engineering; Pilots; Resources Management; Situational Awareness; Voice Communication; Workloads (Psychophysiology) 10

20060049829 Swedish Defence Research Establishment, Stockholm, Sweden Swedish Projects Borgvall, Jonathan; Lif, Patrik; Dec 1, 2005; 17 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454948; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Computerized Simulation; Flight Simulators; Sweden; Virtual Reality 20060050235 Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC, USA National Airspace System Modernization: Observations on Potential Funding Options for FAA and the Next Generation Airspace System [2006]; 27 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Report No.(s): GAO-06-1114T; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The transition to the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NGATS) a system intended to safely accommodate a possible tripling of air traffic by 2025 will become one of the federal government s most comprehensive and technically complex undertakings, and a preliminary estimate indicates it will also be expensive. However, the current approach to managing air transportation is becoming increasingly inefficient and operationally obsolete. In 2003, Congress authorized the creation of the Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) to coordinate the efforts of several federal partner agencies including the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in which JPDO is housed to plan for and develop NGATS. GAO s testimony addresses (1) the current estimate and uncertainties over NGATS costs, (2) advantages and concerns that stakeholders have raised about the current approach to collecting revenues from national airspace users to fund FAA, (3) the advantages and disadvantages of adopting alternative funding options for FAA, and (4) the advantages and disadvantages of authorizing FAA to use debt financing for capital projects. This testimony is based in part on GAO s analysis of FAA and JPDO documents and interviews with officials of those two agencies. Derived from text Air Transportation; National Airspace System; Revenue; Civil Aviation

04 AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION Includes all modes of communication with and between aircraft; air navigation systems (satellite and ground based); and air traffic control. For related information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation; 17 Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking; and 32 Communications and Radar.

20060048293 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Human Factors Considerations for Area Navigation Departure and Arrival Procedures Barhydt, Richard; Adams, Catherine A.; [2006]; 10 pp.; In English; ICAS 2006 - 25th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, 3-8 Sep. 2006, Hamburg, Germany Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 727-01-00; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048293; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Area navigation (RNAV) procedures are being implemented in the USA and around the world as part of a transition to a performance-based navigation system. These procedures are providing significant benefits and have also caused some human factors issues to emerge. Under sponsorship from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has undertaken a project to document RNAV-related human factors issues and propose areas for further consideration. The component focusing on RNAV Departure and Arrival Procedures involved discussions with expert users, a literature review, and a focused review of the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) database. Issues were found to include aspects of air traffic control and airline procedures, aircraft systems, and procedure design. Major findings suggest the need for specific instrument procedure design guidelines that consider the effects of human performance. Ongoing industry and government activities to address air-ground communication terminology, design improvements, and chart-database commonality are strongly encouraged. A review of factors contributing to RNAV in-service errors would likely lead to improved system design and operational performance. Author Human Factors Engineering; Air Traffıc Control; Area Navigation; Radio Navigation; Systems Engineering; Human Performance; Flight Safety 11

20060048296 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing Control Policies and the Dynamic Service-Time Performance of a CapacityConstrained Air Traffic Management Facility Conway, Sheila R.; [2006]; 8 pp.; In English; ICAS 2006 - 25th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, 3-8 Sep. 2006, Hamburg, Germany; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 759-07-23; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048296; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Simple agent-based models may be useful for investigating air traffic control strategies as a precursory screening for more costly, higher fidelity simulation. Of concern is the ability of the models to capture the essence of the system and provide insight into system behavior in a timely manner and without breaking the bank. The method is put to the test with the development of a model to address situations where capacity is overburdened and potential for propagation of the resultant delay though later flights is possible via flight dependencies. The resultant model includes primitive representations of principal air traffic system attributes, namely system capacity, demand, airline schedules and strategy, and aircraft capability. It affords a venue to explore their interdependence in a time-dependent, dynamic system simulation. The scope of the research question and the carefully-chosen modeling fidelity did allow for the development of an agent-based model in short order. The model predicted non-linear behavior given certain initial conditions and system control strategies. Additionally, a combination of the model and dimensionless techniques borrowed from fluid systems was demonstrated that can predict the system s dynamic behavior across a wide range of parametric settings. Author Air Traffıc Control; Dynamic Characteristics; Airline Operations; Schedules; Policies; Time Dependence 20060048772 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Optimal Geometric Deployment of a Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation System to Track a Landing Aircraft Crawford, Matthew P; Jun 2006; 127 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453577; AFIT/GAE/ENG/06-02; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453577; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy With much of the military and civilian communities becoming dependent on GPS technology to navigate it has become imperative that the navigation systems be tested in situations in which GPS does not work. This testing is especially necessary for precise tasks such as landing an aircraft. Currently, research is being conducted into using a pseudolite-based reference system to use as a truth model for the GPS jamming test. Pseudolite systems have been proven to provide sub-centimeter level accuracy in the horizontal plane; however in the vertical plane the position error is still in the decimeter to meter level range. This is largely due to the fact that the geometry of a ground based pseudolite system provides poor slant angles in the vertical plane, which contributes to large positioning errors. The goal of this research is to study the effects of system geometry on the vertical plane solution. The results of this effort show that elevation angles of greater than 20o-30o are necessary to attain resonably good positioning solutions. Multiple pseudolite deployments, while effective at reducing the geometry errors, are very cost ineffective and the geometries pose significant risks to a landing aircraft. The best geometry involved using an orbiting aircraft, with a pseudolite transmitter and receiver attached, as an elevated pseudolite to create better slant angles and thus better positioning solutions. DTIC Air Navigation; Aircraft Landing; Deployment; Navigation; Radar Tracking 20060049094 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Simulation and Performance of Data Communication using AMSS Ripamonti, Claudio; Konangi, Vijay K.; Kerczewski, Robert J.; [2006]; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources This paper reports the findings of a simulation of the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS) to be used in the ATN (Aeronautical Telecommunications Network). The models of the protocols used in this simulation were designed to be compliant with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARP). The focus of this research is on the data communication capabilities of the AMSS. The simulated performance characteristics for a region of the AMSS are presented. The results are analyzed to determine the efficiency, limitations, and behavior of this service for the foreseen data communication Author Aeronautical Satellites; Data Transmission; Simulation; Ground-Air-Ground Communication; Aircraft Communication 12

05 AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE Includes all stages of design of aircraft and aircraft structures and systems. Also includes aircraft testing, performance and evaluation, and aircraft and flight simulation technology. For related information see also 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance and 39 Structural Mechanics. For land transportation vehicles see 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.

20060048494 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA A Generic Multibody Parachute Simulation Model Neuhaus, Jason Richard; Kenney, Patrick Sean; [2006]; 12 pp.; In English; AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit, 21-24 Aug. 2006, Keystone, CO, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 922-07-10 Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2006-6622; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048494; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Flight simulation of dynamic atmospheric vehicles with parachute systems is a complex task that is not easily modeled in many simulation frameworks. In the past, the performance of vehicles with parachutes was analyzed by simulations dedicated to parachute operations and were generally not used for any other portion of the vehicle flight trajectory. This approach required multiple simulation resources to completely analyze the performance of the vehicle. Recently, improved software engineering practices and increased computational power have allowed a single simulation to model the entire flight profile of a vehicle employing a parachute. Author Parachutes; Mathematical Models; Flight Simulation; Software Engineering; Aircraft Design

20060048499 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Bays Schiller, N. H.; Fuller, C. R.; Cabell, R. H.; [2006]; 12 pp.; In English; ACTIVE 2006: 6th International Symposium on Active Noise and Vibration Control, 18-20 Sep. 2006, Adelaide, Australia; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 781-10-13 Report No.(s): AIAA Paper a06_032; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper presents a numerical investigation of an active structural acoustic control strategy for coupled aircraft-style bays. While structural coupling can destabilize or limit the performance of some model-based decentralized control systems, fullycoupled centralized control strategies are impractical for typical aircraft containing several hundred bays. An alternative is to use classical rate feedback with matched, collocated transducer pairs to achieve active damping. Unfortunately, due to the conservative nature of this strategy, stability is guaranteed at the expense of achievable noise reduction. Therefore, this paper describes the development of a combined control strategy using robust active damping in addition to a high-authority controller based on linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) theory. The combined control system is evaluated on a tensioned, two-bay model using piezoceramic actuators and ideal point velocity sensors. Transducer placement on the two-bay structure is discussed, and the advantages of a combined control strategy are presented. Author Active Control; General Aviation Aircraft; Bays (Structural Units); Numerical Analysis; Coupling

20060048565 NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA, USA Making Robot Planes Useful for Scientific Investigation of Earth Jennison, Chris; January 2006; 23 pp.; In English; ION National Technical Meeting 2006, 18-20 Jan. 2006, Monterey, CA, USA; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048565; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This viewgraph slides presentation reviews the program to use unmanned aerial vehicles to gather information to study the Earth, the changes to the climate, and to protect the Earth. Several robot planes are shown, and cooperative programs with other agencies of the U.S. Government are highlighted. Including one with the USA Forest Service, that is planned to assist in locating fires CASI Pilotless Aircraft; Research Aircraft; NASA Programs; Earth (Planet) 13

20060048729 Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA USA Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico Austin, John K; Brown, G M; Cunningham, Maureen; DeVine, Linda; Dischner, Dave; Doering, Bill; Dougherty, Jerry; Druss, Claudia; Fikel, Michele; Freeman, Kimberly; Sep 2001; 211 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453394; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453394; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy The 27th Fighter Wing (27 FW) at Cannon Air Force Base (AFB) is an integral part of the USA Aerospace Expeditionary Force (AEF). The AEF concept integrates fighters, bombers, support aircraft, and tactical airlift into one functional unit that responds rapidly and decisively to potential crises anywhere in the world. Cannon AFB’s F-16 pilots are routinely deployed to the world’s ‘hot spots’ and subjected to hostile radar and anti-aircraft defenses. The increasing sophistication of enemy equipment and tactics requires that the 27 FW pilots be trained to instantly respond to these threats. Continued survival depends on this training. Defensive training involves the rapid response of pilots to threats from opposing radar, reflexive maneuvering, and dispensing of defensive countermeasures. Defensive countermeasures include chaff that confuses enemy search radars and radar-guided missiles, and flares that decoy heat-seeking missiles and sensors. The 27 FW, the proponent of this action, currently conducts training using chaff and flares, but is limited to the restricted airspace associated with the Melrose Air Force Range (AFR) (R-5104/5105). The 27 FW proposes to conduct defensive training using chaff and flares in the existing military airspace designated as Pecos Military Operations Area (MOA)/Air Traffic Control Assigned Airspace (ATCAA), Sumner ATCAA, and Taiban MOA. Chaff use also is proposed for defensive training in the northern portion of Military Training Routes (MTRs) Visual Routes (VRs)-100/125. Implementation of this proposal would expand defensive training for F-16 pilots of the 27 FW stationed at Cannon AFB and other transient users. This Defensive Training Initiative (DTI) Environmental Assessment (EA) has been prepared in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969. It addresses the 27 FW’s Proposed Action and reasonable alternatives to the Proposed Action. DTIC Chaff; Countermeasures; Education; Fighter Aircraft; Guns (Ordnance); Jet Aircraft; Pilot Training; Pilots 20060048782 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Deformations for a Homogeneous Beam at Varying Tip Loads and Pitch Angles McGraw, Robert J; Jun 2006; 106 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453627; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J09; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453627; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy The Princeton beam experiments of 1975 were performed in hopes of producing viable data for beam nonlinear elastic deformation models in hopes of improving helicopter main beam designs. The recorded data, specifically for homogeneous beams of 7075 aluminum, have been referenced as a baseline for the past thirty years to validate numerous computer models and theories in an effort to build beams capable of withstanding aeroelastic, static, and dynamic loading. The purpose of this study is to improve upon the data recorded in 1975 using newer technologies including a laser distance meter, digital inclinometer, and three-dimensional traverse to test X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis and angular displacements for varying tip loads and pitch angles. Initial beam deformations due to machining stresses were included in the testing, and the beam was analyzed at tip loads between zero and four pounds for positive and negative pitch angles in fifteen-degree increments from zero to ninety degrees. The results were analyzed in numerous comparisons between the different tip loads and pitch angles, and the overall results were compared with Princeton beam data to ensure their validity. The experimental results showed an improvement in terms of precision as well as a relatively close correlation with Princeton beam data. There were some displacement discrepancies, but such differences can be examined in the future. The results can be used for beam vibrational mode and frequency testing as the beam’s geometry can be reproduced graphically and computer model verifications, allowing for more precise computer models for homogeneous nonlinear beam displacements. DTIC Aeroelasticity; Deformation; Elastic Deformation; Loads (Forces); Nonlinearity; Pitch (Inclination) 20060048954 Congressional Budget Office, Washington, DC USA The C-17: Costs and Alternatives Myers, William; Fraider, Victoria; Aug 1993; 45 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453771; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The C-17 is an airlift aircraft that is designed to carry all types of cargo over intercontinental distances without refueling. It has features that other airlift aircraft do not provide, and the Air Force intends to use the C-17 to augment its fleet of C-141s and C-130s. The C-17 program has had problems almost since its development phase began in 1981. It has had difficulty 14

meeting the three major criteria against which all acquisition programs are judged-cost, schedule, and technical performance. For example, estimates of the program’s costs have grown by nearly $19 billion, or 47 percent, since its inception, excluding the effects of changes in both quantity and expected inflation. And future cost growth may be even greater. Acquisition costs for the program and expected to total about $40 billion, which is close to the original estimate, but that amount will pay for 120 aircraft instead of the original goal of 210. In addition, the program schedule has slipped so that production will end in 2001 instead of 1998 as originally planned. DTIC Aircraft; Alternatives; Costs 20060048959 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Sensor Management for Fighter Applications Musick, Stanton H; Malhorta, Raj P; Jun 2006; 36 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2304 Report No.(s): AD-A453788; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This report is a summary of research conducted from 1 October 1993 through 30 September 2004 for the project titled Sensor Management for Fighter Applications (SMFA). This project developed techniques for intelligently allocating the sensors onboard a modern military aircraft. It focused on information metrics for balancing the needs of detection, tracking and identification, on a probabilistic representation for assimilating sensed data in a multitarget environment, on machine learning approaches, and on important applications of these technologies. This report is the final written document for this project. DTIC Artificial Intelligence; Drone Vehicles; Probability Theory; Targets 20060049067 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Airfoil Green, Lawrence L.; Cruz, Josue; [2006]; 8 pp.; In English; 2006 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop, 10-15 Sep. 2005, Orlando, FO, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 581-02-08-07 Report No.(s): Paper-06F-SIW-010; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049067; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy An analysis of variance (ANOVA) study was performed to quantify the potential uncertainties of lift and pitching moment coefficient calculations from a computational fluid dynamics code, relative to an experiment, for a jet flap airfoil configuration. Uncertainties due to a number of factors including grid density, angle of attack and jet flap blowing coefficient were examined. The ANOVA software produced a numerical model of the input coefficient data, as functions of the selected factors, to a user-specified order (linear, 2-factor interference, quadratic, or cubic). Residuals between the model and actual data were also produced at each of the input conditions, and uncertainty confidence intervals (in the form of Least Significant Differences or LSD) for experimental, computational, and combined experimental / computational data sets were computed. The LSD bars indicate the smallest resolvable differences in the functional values (lift or pitching moment coefficient) attributable solely to changes in independent variable, given just the input data points from selected data sets. The software also provided a collection of diagnostics which evaluate the suitability of the input data set for use within the ANOVA process, and which examine the behavior of the resultant data, possibly suggesting transformations which should be applied to the data to reduce the LSD. The results illustrate some of the key features of, and results from, the uncertainty analysis studies, including the use of both numerical (continuous) and categorical (discrete) factors, the effects of the number and range of the input data points, and the effects of the number of factors considered simultaneously. Author Airfoils; Jet Flaps; Analysis of Variance; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Mathematical Models 20060049089 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA An Investigation Into Robust Wind Correction Algorithms for Off-the Shelf Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Autopilots Robinson, Brent K; Jun 2006; 182 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453607; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J14; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453607; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy The research effort focuses on developing methods to design efficient wind correction algorithms to ‘piggyback’ on 15

current off-the-shelf Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) autopilots. Autonomous flight is certainly the near future for the aerospace industry and there exists great interest in defining a system that can guide and control aircraft with high levels of accuracy. The primary systems required to command the vehicles are already in place, but with only moderate abilities to adjust for dynamic environments (i.e. wind effects), if at all. The goal of this research is to develop a systematic procedure for implementing efficient and robust wind effects corrections to existing autopilots. The research will investigate the feasibility of an external dynamic environment control algorithm as a means of improving current, off-the-shelf autopilot technology relating to small UAVs. The research then presents three main focuses. First, a determination of the estimated winds utilizing the existing, on-board sensors. Second, the development of code that incorporates simple mathematical principals to counter the 2-Dimensional wind forces acting on the aircraft; and third, the integration of that code into the on-board navigational system. This ‘piggy-back’ algorithm must assimilate smoothly with the current GPS technologies to provide acceptable and safe flight path following. The design procedures developed were demonstrated in simulation and with flight tests on the SiG Rascal 110 UAV. This report builds the framework from which future wind correction research at AFIT and the ANT Center are based. DTIC Algorithms; Automatic Pilots; Commercial Off-the-Shelf Products; Pilotless Aircraft 20060049149 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Slotted Aircraft Wing Vassberg, John C., Inventor; Gea, Lie-Mine, Inventor; McLean, James D., Inventor; Witowski, David P., Inventor; Krist, Steven E., Inventor; Campbell, Richard L., Inventor; May 23, 2006; 33 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 9 Oct. 2002; US-Patent-7,048,228; US-Patent-Appl-SN-678474; US-Patent-Appl-SN-417355; NASA-Case-LAR-16517-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049149; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy An aircraft wing includes a leading airfoil element and a trailing airfoil element. At least one slot is defined by the wing during at least one transonic condition of the wing. The slot may either extend spanwise along only a portion of the wingspan, or it may extend spanwise along the entire wingspan. In either case, the slot allows a portion of the air flowing along the lower surface of the leading airfoil element to split and flow over the upper surface of the trailing airfoil element so as to achieve a performance improvement in the transonic condition. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Airfoils; Slots; Wings 20060049224 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Effects of a Towline Using the Method of Characteristics Hill, Christopher A; Jun 2006; 136 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453943; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J06; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453943; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The use of decoys in combat has become more advanced in recent years. Some of the newest military aircraft, such as the US Navy’s F/A-18E/F Superhornet, have the capability to deploy a towline with an attached decoy when entering hostile territory as a defense mechanism against enemy threats. In steady state, the towline extends behind and below the aircraft. A major concern is the position of the towline, as aircraft maneuvers can cause the line to enter the engine plume. The high exhaust heat can cause problems, such as damaging electrical equipment and severing the line. In order to better understand the behavior of the towline, as well as setting up a method to analyze the heat transfer to the towline, computer modeling has been utilized using numerical integration with the method of characteristics. The method of characteristics has been applied to 4 hyperbolic equations of motion, leaving 2 parabolic equations of motion to be calculated at each timestep. The energy equation for heat transfer to the towline was also derived, which provides a means to find local air density and towline temperature. From these a model was created to observe towline behavior and temperature, which is shown to be consistent with past research. This model is applicable to any towed body in any medium with zero slack conditions. The effects of transient aircraft maneuvers on towline behavior in a predetermined temperature field were analyzed under different conditions using a code developed in MATLAB. This code is included such that aircraft maneuvers in unique temperature fields can be analyzed for future research. DTIC Cables (Ropes); Decoys; Mathematical Models; Method of Characteristics; Towing 16

20060049225 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Characterization of UAV Performance and Development of a Formation Flight Controller for Multiple Small UAVS McCarthy, Patrick A; Jun 2006; 164 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453945; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J08; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453945; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The Air Force Institute of Technology’s (AFIT) Advanced Navigation Technology (ANT) Center has recently delved into the research topic of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). One area of particular interest is using multiple small UAVs cooperatively to improve mission efficiency, as well as perform missions that couldn’t be performed using vehicles independently. However, many of these missions require that the UAVs operate in close proximity of each other. This research lays the foundation required to use the ANT Center’s UAVs for multi-vehicle missions (e.g. cooperatively) by accomplishing two major goals. First, it develops test procedures that can be used to characterize the tracking performance of a small UAV being controlled by a waypoint guided autopilot. This defines the size of the safety zones that must be maintained around each vehicle to ensure no collisions, assuming no, as yet unspecified, collision avoidance algorithm is being implemented. Secondly, a formation flight algorithm is developed that can be used to guide UAVs relative to each other using a waypoint guided autopilot. This is done by dynamically changing the waypoints. Such an approach gives a ‘wrap-around’ method of cooperatively controlling UAVs that can only be guided waypoint-to-waypoint. For both components of this research, tests were conducted using a hardware-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation before validating through flight testing. This report, along with legacy documentation and procedures, furthers the UAV test bed at AFIT and establishes methods for simulating, visualizing, and flight testing multiple UAVs during formation/cooperative flight. DTIC Drone Vehicles; Flight Control; Formation Flying; Pilotless Aircraft 20060049228 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC USA Weapons Acquisition: DOD Should Strengthen Policies for Assessing Technical Data Needs to Support Weapon Systems Jul 2006; 51 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453951; GAO-06-839; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453951; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Army and the Air Force have encountered limitations in their sustainment plans for some fielded weapon systems because they lacked needed technical data rights. The lack of technical data rights has limited the services flexibility to make changes to sustainment plans that are aimed at achieving cost savings and meeting legislative requirements regarding depot maintenance capabilities. During our review we identified seven Army and Air Force weapon system programs where these military services encountered limitations in implementing revisions to sustainment plans C-17 aircraft, F-22 aircraft, C-130J aircraft, Up-armored High- Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), Stryker family of vehicles, Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft, and M4 carbine. Although the circumstances surrounding each case were unique, earlier decisions made on technical data rights during system acquisition were cited as a primary reason for the limitations subsequently encountered. As a result of the limitations encountered due to the lack of technical data rights, the services had to alter their plans for developing maintenance capability at public depots, new sources of supply to increase production, or competitive offers for the acquisition of spare parts and components to reduce sustainment costs. For example, the Air Force identified a need to develop a capability to perform maintenance on the C-17 at government depots but lacked the requisite technical data rights. Consequently, the Air Force is seeking to form partnerships with C-17 subvendors to develop its depot maintenance capability. Its efforts to form these partnerships have had mixed results, according to Air Force officials, because some sub-vendors have declined to provide the needed technical data. DTIC Acquisition; AWACS Aircraft; Costs; Fighter Aircraft; Maintenance; Mobility; Policies; Support Systems; Weapon Systems 20060049267 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Border Surveillance Bolkcom, Christopher; Feb 7, 2005; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454031; CRS-RS21698; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454031; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to improve border security is a technique that has garnered congressional attention. This report examines the strengths and limitations of deploying UAVs along the northern and southern borders of the USA and related issues for Congress. The northern border separating the mainland USA and Canada is 4,121 miles long 17

and consists of 430 official and unofficial ports of entry. The expansive nature and the possibility of entry through unpopulated regions make the border difficult to patrol. In July 2003, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Commissioner Robert Bonner announced that an additional 375 border patrol agents would be reassigned to the northern border. This increase brought the number of border patrol agents to 1,000. Commissioner Bonner also noted that CBP’s border agents had, ‘the front line responsibility for detecting terrorists and terrorist weapons.’ The southern border separating the USA and Mexico is 2,062 miles long and consists of 30 ports of entry and innumerable unofficial crossings. Unlike the northern border, however, over 10,000 border patrol agents are typically stationed on the southern border. Despite this larger presence, illegal border crossings and significant drug smuggling activities occur frequently. This report discusses the types of UAVs that could be used in border security; how UAVs have been used historically; legislation regarding the use of UAVs for homeland security; benefits (e.g., precise imagery, loiter capabilities, long flight times, low costs, extended range and endurance), and limitations (e.g., high accident rate, sensors limited by poor weather, safe integration of UAVs into civilian airspace, and privacy issues) of UAVs; and issues for Congress. DTIC Canada; Drone Vehicles; Pilotless Aircraft; Security; Surveillance; United States 20060049339 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Soesterberg, Netherlands UAVs and Control Delays de Vries, S C; Sep 2005; 52 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454251; TNO-DV3-2005-A054; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454251; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy UAV’s (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) are remotely controlled. Delays in the datalinks are to be expected, potentially influencing the performance of the UAV operator. In this study, we examined literature on sources of delay, their effects on human performance, and potential solutions. Delays turn out in the range of 100 to 1600 ms. A delay of 100 ms usually leads to measurable degradation of human performance. Delays of about 250-300 ms often lead to unacceptable airplane handling qualities. Techniques such as filtering and predictive displays may extend the range of acceptable delays up to about 400 ms or more. Control of UAV sensors is considerably less critical than the UAV itself and compensation techniques will probably lead to acceptable performance with delays up to 1000 ms. Signal delays will not significantly impede control of the UAV in the case of line-of-sight connections or while using relay stations on or close to the earth. When geostationary satellites are used, delays will generally be so high that a UAV operator will generally operate in a supervisory role. Only the control of the sensors of the UAV, less critical than the control of the vehicle, may be handled directly by an operator. DTIC Data Links; Remotely Piloted Vehicles 20060049344 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA AFIT UAV Swarm Mission Planning and Simulation System Slear, James N; Jun 13, 2006; 152 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454271; AFIT/GCE/ENG/06-08; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454271; Avail.: CASI: A08, Hardcopy The purpose of this research is to design and implement a comprehensive mission planning system for swarms of autonomous aerial vehicles. The system integrates several problem domains including path planning, vehicle routing, and swarm behavior. The developed system consists of a parallel, multi-objective evolutionary algorithm-based path planner, a genetic algorithm-based vehicle router, and a parallel UAV swarm simulator. Each of the system’s three primary components are developed on AFIT’s Beowulf parallel computer clusters. Novel aspects of this research include: integrating terrain following technology into a swarm model as a means of detection avoidance, combining practical problems of path planning and routing into a comprehensive mission planning strategy, and the development of a swarm behavior model with path following capabilities. DTIC Computerized Simulation; Drone Vehicles; Mission Planning; Simulation 20060049365 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Decision Analysis to Support Condition-Based Maintenance Plus Gauthier, Stephen E; Jun 2006; 111 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454315; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454315; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy 18

This thesis provides a stochastic modeling tool to assist in the component selection process for Army Aviation s Condition-Based Maintenance Plus (CBM+) program. This work is in conjunction with the Operations Research Center of Excellence (ORCEN) at the USA Military Academy to assist in providing insight for the U.S. Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM). The component selected for this thesis is the AH-64/UH-60 T701C Turbine Helicopter Engine. Data analysis of the failure data indicated that a nonhomogeneous Poisson process appropriately modeled the failure characteristics of this engine. A Microsoft Excel simulation utilizing Crystal Ball version 5.5 compares an engine monitored by CBM+ versus the traditional Legacy system of maintenance. This simulation provides information on diagnosed faults, mission aborts, repair times, false positives, and logistical implications. This simulation is generic and can be used in comparing CBM+ candidate components for future inclusion into the CBM+ program. Results suggest when considering a component for inclusion in the CBM+ program important factors to consider are even the smallest false positive rate can invalidate process, large sensor probability of detection isn t necessary for beneficial results, and by entering a component into the CBM+ the on hand component requirements can be greatly reduced. DTIC Decision Theory; Helicopters; Maintenance; Operations Research; Organizations 20060049414 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Proposed Termination of Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) F136 Alternate Engine Bolkcom, Christopher; Apr 13, 2006; 20 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454434; CRS-RL33390; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454434; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Department of Defense s (DOD) FY2007 budget proposes to cancel the F136 alternate engine for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF), a program that was initiated by Congress in the FY1996 Defense Authorization Act, and which has received consistent congressional support since its inception. In FY1996, defense authorization conferees (H.Rept. 104-450, Sec. 213) expressed their concern over a lack of engine competition in the JSF program and directed DOD to ensure that the program provides for adequate engine competition. (p.706)1 In FY1998, authorization conferees (H. Rept. 105-340, Sec. 213) directed DOD to certify that the Joint Strike Fighter Program contains sufficient funding to carry out an alternate engine development program that includes flight qualification of an alternate engine in a joint strike fighter airframe. (p.33) Some have criticized DOD as being penny wise and pound foolish in its proposal to terminate the F136. Critics argue that this decision appears driven more by immediate budget pressures on the department rather than long term pros and cons of the F136 program. Others applaud this decision, and say that single source engine production contracts are the norm, not the exception. Long-term engine affordability, they claim, is best achieved by procuring engines through multiyear contracts from a single source. Cancelling the F-136 poses questions on operational risk and potential cost and savings. Additional issues include the potential impact this termination could have on the U.S. defense industrial base, and on U.S. relations with key allied countries. Finally, eliminating competitive market forces for DOD business worth billions of dollars may concern those who wish to reform DOD s acquisition system and conform to higher standards of accountability. DTIC Aircraft Engines; Fighter Aircraft 20060049425 Creare, Inc., Hanover, NH USA Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound Dietz, Anthony J; May, B S; Knaus, Darin A; Greeley, Hard P; Apr 1, 2005; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454449; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454449; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Bones; Cochlea; Damage; Ear Protectors; Hearing; Jet Aircraft; Noise Pollution; Noise Reduction; Voice Communication 20060049430 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA-18G Growler Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress Bolkcom, Christopher; Jun 8, 2006; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454454; CRS-RL30624; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454454; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The F/A-18E/F Super Hornet is the Navy’s highest priority aviation modernization program. It is replacing Navy 19

F/A-18C/D Hornet combat aircraft. The decision to undertake F/A-18E/F Super Hornet program was made during a period of great turbulence in Navy aviation modernization. During this time frame the Navy struggled to identify and implement the best way to modernize its aging fleet of F-14 fighters and A-6E attack aircraft. The A-12 program (a stealthy replacement to the A-6E) was terminated in January 1991. The AFX program, another proposed replacement for the A-6E, began in 1991, but was also terminated. The principal alternative to the F/A-18E/F was a modest upgrade of the F-14-a large, two-seat fighter designed in the 1960s, with potential air-to-surface attack capabilities. Some observers describe the F/A-18E/F as an upgraded and larger version of the F/A-18C/D, with increased range and payload capacity and more space and weight for future improvements. Others assert that the differences between the baseline Hornet aircraft and the E/F model are so great that they would describe the Super Hornet as an entirely new aircraft. DTIC Electronic Aircraft; Fighter Aircraft; Navy 20060049438 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA V-22 Osprey Title-Rotor Aircraft Bolkman, Christopher; Aug 4, 2005; 19 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454469; CRS-RL31384; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454469; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The V-22 Osprey is a tilt-rotor aircraft, capable of vertical or short take off and landing, with forward flight like a conventional fixed-wing aircraft. The MV-22 is the Marine Corps top aviation priority. Marine Corps leaders believe that the Osprey will provide them an unprecedented capability to quickly and decisively project power from well over the horizon. The Air Force s CV-22 version will be used for special operations. Army officials have testified that the service has no requirement for the V-22, but he Navy has expressed interest in purchasing MV-22s for a variety of missions. The V-22 program has been under development for over 25 years. Safety and maintenance concerns have arisen during this period (due in large part to three fatal accidents). The commander of the V-22 maintenance squadron admitted to falsifying maintenance records to make the aircraft appear more maintainable than it was, and three Marines were found guilty of misconduct. The program has maintained support from many in Congress despite these deficiencies. The program has undergone restructuring to accommodate congressional direction, budget constraints, and recommendations from outside experts, and DOD managers. DTIC Rotors; Tilt Rotor Aircraft; V-22 Aircraft 20060049446 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Personnel McKinley, Richard L; Bjorn, Valerie S; Hall, John A; Apr 1, 2005; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454480; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454480; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Auditory Defects; Ear Protectors; Flying Personnel; Hearing; Noise Reduction 20060049467 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Their Value in Security Operations Samborowski, Leonard J; Jan 2000; 34 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454559; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454559; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The ‘Value of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Security Operations’ was the focus of the Sixth Annual James H. Doolittle Conference, held on 21 April 1999 at the MIT Faculty Club in Cambridge, Massachusetts. General Doolittle, an aviation pioneer and military hero, received his PhD from MIT in 1925. Since 1993, the Security Studies Program has honored the innovative spirit of Jimmy Doolittle by hosting a symposium on airpower issues. In attendance at this year’s conference were representatives from the military, academia, government and industry. The morning panel focused on the Operational Uses of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The luncheon speaker was Colonel William Knarr who spoke on the Army’s requirements for UAVs and the process for fielding the systems. The afternoon panel highlighted the Development of Service Operational Requirements for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. At dinner, LTG Campbell offered anecdotal insights that could be applied to the UAV procurement process. At the conference, the value of UAVs to security operations was thoroughly briefed and discussed by a wide range of subject matter experts from the government, military, industry and academia. Conference attendees 20

concluded that technology is not the main obstacle to develop and fielding tactical UAVs. Rather, conflicting organizational requirements, interservice conflicts and intraservice competition seem to be the primary barriers to the smooth integration of UAVs into the present day war fighting force. The problems mentioned above must be resolved because the continued use of UAVs by the military is inevitable. Reduced military funding, in combination with integrated ‘machines’ directed by powerful microprocessors, electro-optic, radio frequency, power and propulsion technology advances and American discomfort with casualties all will lead to the increased use of drones. DTIC Aircraft; Drone Vehicles; Security 20060049597 Centro de Instruccion de Medicina Aeroespatial, Madrid, Spain Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots Lorente, J M; Puente, B; Esteban, B; Rios, F; Vallejo, P; Velasco, C; Apr 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454611; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Acuity; Aircraft Noise; Auditory Defects; Auditory Perception; Physiological Effects; Pilots 20060049689 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Global En Route Basing Infrastructure Location Model Miravite, Jr, Alexander; Schlegel, Charles F; May 2006; 213 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454765; AFIT/IOA/ENS/06-08; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy The backbone of the air transportation system for the US military is the En Route System (ERS), a collection of personnel and equipment at bases throughout the world. The location of these bases in the ERS bears the marks of the Cold War legacy of the latter half of the twentieth century. While many changes to the ERS have taken place in the last 20 years, it still has a predominantly East-West orientation in the Northern Hemisphere with little capability in many parts of the world. This research provides the decision makers (DMs) with a clear methodology for evaluating the best locations for new en route bases in the ERS. It looks at the capability of each en route airfield alternative using 27 different measures. It then examines the National Security Import of the destination regions an en route airfield could service, along with the probability of events in those regions requiring military action, including humanitarian and other missions. This is accomplished using Value Focused Thinking (VFT) and decision analysis tools, with the goal of providing insight to the DMs to make informed decisions. This methodology is then packaged in a powerful Excel-based, user interface, allowing quick analysis of multiple scenarios. GERBIL is currently being used by TRANSCOM/J5 to prioritize Cooperative Security Locations around the globe for possible TRANSCOM mobility en route locations. DTIC Air Transportation; Decision Making; Position (Location); Routes 20060049734 AM3D A/S, Aalborg, Denmark Localization Performance of Real and Virtual Sound Sources Pedersen, Jan A; Jorgensen, Torben; Apr 1, 2005; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454835; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Fighter Aircraft; Position (Location); Sound Generators; Virtual Reality 20060049806 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, Australia Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime Patrol: Human Factors Issues Hopcroft, Robyn; Burchat, Eleanore; Vince, Julian; May 2006; 43 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454918; DSTO-GD-0463; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This review of literature outlines the human factors issues associated with the operation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In particular, consideration is given to how these issues might be relevant to the acquisition of highly autonomous, high altitude long endurance (HALE) UAVs for maritime patrol and response operations. In a highly automated UAV system, optimal mission performance will require the roles of the operator and the automated system to be complementary. Thus factors that may inhibit cooperation between the two are addressed and suggestions are made for the mitigation of potential problems. The discussion then turns to the design of the human-machine interface (HMI), providing information on 21

established. HMI design principles and issues relating to the separation of the operator from the aircraft. The final section covers the air traffic management procedures for the hand-over of control during flight, data link delays and their impact on team dynamics, the selection of crew members, and the delineation of roles for UAV crews. DTIC Drone Vehicles; Human Factors Engineering; Patrols; Pilotless Aircraft

20060049828 Air Force Research Lab., Eglin AFB, FL USA A Comparison of Trajectory Determination Approaches for Small UAVs Evers, Johnny H; Anderson, Murray B; Lopez, Juan L; Sep 2006; 14 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2068 Report No.(s): AD-A454947; AFRL-MN-EG-TP-2006-7406; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In considering the problem of small unmanned aerial vehicle (SUAV) surveillance mission in a target rich environment, it is desirable to follow a trajectory path that maximizes targets coverage and observation time, while minimizing airframe maneuvering. Motivated by this requirement, this paper investigates the merits of multiple vehicle trajectory path schemes. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and local optimum techniques are compared to a more conventional defined-path approach. The authors also introduce a polygon boundary reflection algorithm (PBRA) and investigate its merits. Given a scenario containing multiple targets of unknown positions, the GA optimization approach determines the waypoints defining a path that best satisfies three goals: 1) maximize the number of targets seen, 2) maximize the average observation time for each target, and 3) minimize the SUAV acceleration history. Were the target locations known apriori, this problem could decompose into a variant of the much-studied traveling salesman problem (TSP). The complication of not knowing the actual target locations apriori means that the optimization tool must find waypoints that best satisfy the multiple objectives with little actual knowledge at initiation. Given this additional complexity and the fact that there are multiple objectives that must be maximized, a GA approach was investigated because it offers the ability to rigorously search for the optimum waypoint locations while simultaneously examining performance against multiple objectives. The GA software used in the analysis is IMPROVE (Implicit Multi-objective Parameter Optimization via Evolution). Comparison results of the GA based approaches, pareto and non-pareto, were investigated and compared with the simple PBRA and the popular Serpentine path approach. The analysis shows the GA optimization benefits and performance tradeoffs for all the path planning approaches that were studied. DTIC Drone Vehicles; Surveillance; Targets; Trajectories

20060049844 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA F-22A Raptor Bolkcom, Christopher; May 24, 2006; 27 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454968; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The F-22A Raptor is a next-generation fighter/attack aircraft that features the latest stealth technology to reduce detection by radar. Using more advanced engines and avionics than the current F-15 Eagle, the F-22A is intended to maintain U.S. Air Force capabilities against more sophisticated enemy aircraft and air defenses in the 21st century. This report examines the Air Force’s F-22A Raptor program, including costs and schedule; considers several key issues, and concludes with a synopsis of recent legislative activity on the program. In 1986, two contractors were selected to build competing prototypes, Lockheed’s YF-22 and Northrop’s YF-23, which were flight tested in late 1990. In April 1991, the Air Force selected Lockheed’s YF-22 design for full-scale development, now termed System Development and Demonstration (SDD). The aircraft is powered by Pratt & Whitney’s F119 engine, selected in competition with General Electric’s F120 engine. In December 2005, the Air Force announced that the 12 F-22 aircraft with the 27th Fighter Squadron, 1st Fighter Wing, Langley Air Force Base, had reached initial operational capability (IOC). A 185-aircraft program was estimated by the Department of Defense (DOD) in December 2005 to cost about $65.4 billion in actual prior-year and projected out-year expenditures. The Administration’s FY2007 budget requested $2.6 billion for the F-22A program, and the request to enter into a multiyear procurement (MYP) for the final three years of production. The F-22A has had strong congressional support, although some have criticized the program on grounds of cost, requirements, and coordination with other tactical aircraft programs. Deletion of procurement funds in the FY2000 defense appropriation bill passed by the House made the future of the program a major issue for House and Senate conferees in 1999. DTIC Attack Aircraft; Detection; Fighter Aircraft; Jet Aircraft; Radar Equipment; Stealth Technology 22

20060050044 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Slotted Aircraft Wing McLean, James D., Inventor; Witkowski, David P., Inventor; Campbell, Richard L., Inventor; May 23, 2006; 32 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 3 Oct. 2003; US-Patent-7,048,235; US-Patent-Appl-SN-678397; US-Patent-Appl-SN-417355; NASA-Case-LAR-16696-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050044; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A swept aircraft wing includes a leading airfoil element and a trailing airfoil element. At least one full-span slot is defined by the wing during at least one transonic condition of the wing. The full-span slot allows a portion of the air flowing along the lower surface of the leading airfoil element to split and flow over the upper surface of the trailing airfoil element so as to achieve a performance improvement in the transonic condition. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Swept Wings; Airfoils; Slots; Trailing Edges; Leading Edges 20060050157 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia: Potential Implications Bolkcom, Christopher; Grimmett, Richard F; Kronstadt, K A; Jul 6, 2006; 13 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454197; CRS-RL33515; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454197; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy On June 28, 2006, the Bush Administration announced its proposal to sell 36 F-16 C/D Block 50/52 Falcon combat aircraft to Pakistan at an estimated case value of $3 billion. The F-16 Falcon is a single engine multi-role aircraft manufactured by Lockheed Martin Corp. Its relatively low cost and high versatility make the F-16 one of the most exported fighter aircraft in the world. The F-16 was first fielded in 1979 and has been upgraded significantly. The capabilities of the F-16 vary greatly depending on the upgrade or modification fielded. The most modern F-16 flown by the USA is the Block 50/52. Three other F-16 related sales to Pakistan were also proposed. Some believe that these sales are partly an effort to reward the Pakistani Government for the role it has played in support of U.S.-led anti-terrorism efforts, and this consideration is noted in the text of the formal notification of the F-16 sales. Some analysts, however, see the decision to resume F-16 sales to Pakistan as disruptive of regional stability and efforts to resolve disputes there. DTIC Fighter Aircraft; Asia; Combat 20060050188 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Tactical Aircraft Modernization: Issues for Congress Bolkcom, Christopher; Mar 16, 2006; 18 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454572; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This Issue Brief examines DOD’s four largest tactical aircraft modernization programs. The background section provides a brief description of each program, and a discussion of how tactical aircraft fit into military air operations: the missions they typically perform and how they contrast to longer-range combat aircraft. The Analysis section examines a number of policy issues including affordability, capability required, force structure, service roles and missions, industrial base, and transformation. The paper concludes with a synopsis of recent congressional action on these programs. The Defense Department plans to buy the F-22 fighter for the Air Force, the F/A-18E/F fighter/attack plane for the Navy, and the V-22 tilt-rotor aircraft for the Marines and Air Force special operations, as well as pursue a joint-service program to develop a multirole Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) aircraft in three variants, some of which might be operational around 2012. DTIC Fighter Aircraft; Military Operations 20060050241 US Army International Technology Center-Atlantic, London, UK Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) ‘Quadrocopter Garmisch 2005’ Dolch, Stefan; Mar 20, 2006; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W911NF-06-1-0040 Report No.(s): AD-A454813; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Braun has developed during the last 6 years a couple of vertical take off and landing Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) with 3 and 4 rotors. The topic of this report is the Quadrocopter Garmisch 2005, a helicopter designed for the 1st US European 23

MAV Competition at Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany) in the year 2005. Quadrocopter Garmisch 2005 is a manually radio controlled 4-rotor-helicopter. Field tests indicated that the MAV concept of Quadrocopter Garmisch can be used for surveillance in close-up area. The big advantage of a manually controlled MAV is its variability during the flight. The pilot can change the flight direction within a second. Visual interpretation of the surrounding by a human being is so far much better than any automatic image processing. DTIC Remotely Piloted Vehicles; Manual Control; Field Tests; Vertical Landing 20060050250 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Background, Status, and Issues Bolkcom, Christopher; Jun 2, 2006; 29 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454343; CRS-RL30563; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454343; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Defense Department’s F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) is one of three aircraft programs at the center of current debate over tactical aviation, the others being the Air Force F-22A fighter and the Navy F/A-18E/F fighter/attack plane. In November 1996, the Defense Department selected two major aerospace companies, Boeing and Lockheed Martin, to demonstrate competing designs for the JSF, a joint service and multi-role fighter/attack plane. On October 26, 2001, the Lockheed Martin team was selected to develop further and to produce a family of conventional take-off and landing (CTOL), carrier-capable (CV), and short take-off vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft for the U.S. Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps and the U.K. Royal Navy as well as other allied services. Originally designated the Joint Advanced Strike Technology (JAST) program, the JSF program is a major issue in Congress because of concerns about its cost and budgetary impact, effects on the defense industrial base, and implications for U.S. national security in the early 21st century. DTIC Fighter Aircraft; Aircraft Design 06 AVIONICS AND AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION Includes all avionics systems, cockpit and cabin display devices, and flight instruments intended for use in aircraft. For related information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; 08 Aircraft Stability and Control; 19 Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics; and 35 Instrumentation and Photography.

20060048302 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Weather-Related Accidents Stough, H. Paul, III; Watson, James F., III; Jarrell, Michael A.; [2006]; 10 pp.; In English; ICAS 2006 - 25th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, 3-8 Sep. 2006, Hamburg, Germany; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 23-077-40-10; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048302; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has developed technologies to reduce aviation weatherrelated accidents. New technologies are presented for data-link and display of weather information to aircraft in flight, for detection of turbulence ahead of aircraft in flight, and for automated insitu reporting of atmospheric conditions from aircraft. Author Flight Conditions; Aviation Meteorology; Cockpit Weather Information Systems; Flight Safety; Weather Forecasting; Meteorological Services; Meteorology 20060048562 NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA, USA Turbulence and mountain wave conditions observed with an airborne 2-micron lidar Teets, Edward H., Jr.; Ashburn, Chris; Ehernberger, Jack; Bogue, Rodney; January 2006; 9 pp.; In English; SPIE Remote Sensing, Lidar Technologies and Measurement for Atmospheric Remote Sensing II, 11-16 Sep. 2006, Stockholm, Sweden; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Joint efforts by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Department of Defense, and industry partners are enhancing the capability of airborne wind and turbulence detection. The Airborne Coherent Lidar for Advanced In-Flight Measurements (ACLAIM) was flown on three series of flights to assess its capability over a range of altitudes, air mass conditions, and gust phenomena. This paper describes the observation of mountain waves and turbulence induced by 24

mountain waves over the Tehachapi and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges (California, USA) by lidar onboard the NASA Airborne Science DC-8 airplane. The examples in this paper compare lidar-predicted mountain waves and wave-induced turbulence to subsequent aircraft-measured true airspeed. Airplane acceleration data is presented describing the effects of the wave-induced turbulence on the DC-8 airplane. Highlights of the lidar-predicted airspeed from the two flights show increases of 12 meters per second (m/s) at the mountain wave interface and peak-to-peak airspeed changes of 10 m/s and 15 m/s in a span of 12 seconds in moderate turbulence. Author Air Masses; Gusts; Mountains; Aircraft Safety; Clear Air Turbulence; DC 8 Aircraft 20060049122 East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC, USA Longitudinal Study of the Market Penetration of Cockpit Weather Information Systems Stough, Harry Paul, III; Sireli, Yesim; Ozan, Erol; Kauffmann, Paul; November 2005; 82 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNL04AA40G; WBS 609866.02.07.07.01; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049122; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The purpose of the longitudinal research of the market penetration of cockpit weather information systems (CWIS) is to contribute to the body of knowledge on modeling advanced technology feasibility in aviation by tracking and analyzing the market adoption of CWIS over a three year period. This research takes advantage of a previous study, conducted by Dr. Paul Kauffmann in 2000, which demonstrated an integrated and cost effective approach to evaluate advanced technology feasibility, examining the feasibility of CWIS in five market segments: transport, commuter, general aviation, business, and rotorcraft. The longitudinal research consists of two consecutive studies and produced two reports. The first report was submitted in August 2003 and included general market analysis about the CWIS products in the market at the time, identified their characteristics and examined developing market dynamics. Author Cockpit Weather Information Systems; Feasibility; General Aviation Aircraft; Commerce; Rotary Wing Aircraft 20060050129 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems Gwaltney, D. A.; Briscoe, J. M.; June 2006; 36 pp.; In English Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214431; M-1163; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050129; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This document is a survey of publicly available information concerning serial communication architectures used, or proposed to be used, in aeronautic and aerospace applications. It focuses on serial communication architectures that are suitable for low-latency or real-time communication between physically distributed nodes in a system. Candidates for the study have either extensive deployment in the field, or appear to be viable for near-term deployment. Eleven different serial communication architectures are considered, and a brief description of each is given with the salient features summarized in a table in appendix A. This survey is a product of the Propulsion High Impact Avionics Technology (PHIAT) Project at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). PHIAT was originally funded under the Next Generation Launch Technology (NGLT) Program to develop avionics technologies for control of next generation reusable rocket engines. After the announcement of the Space Exploration Initiative, the scope of the project was expanded to include vehicle systems control for human and robotics missions. As such, a section is included presenting the rationale used for selection of a time-triggered architecture for implementation of the avionics demonstration hardware developed by the project team Author Aerospace Engineering; Avionics; Spacecraft Communication; Modularity; Technology Utilization 07 AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER Includes primary propulsion systems and related systems and components, e.g., gas turbine engines, compressors, and fuel systems; and onboard auxiliary power plants for aircraft. For related information see also 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power; 28 Propellants and Fuels; and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.

20060048226 Wilton Interpower LLC, San Diego, CA, USA Commercial and Technical Evaluation of the Application of Gas Turbine Technology in Industrial Plants in Bulgaria May 2002; 62 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-114684; TDA-2000-70055B; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy 25

This study examines the technical, economic, and financial aspects of small to medium-scale combined heat and power plants that are powered by gas turbines to supply thermal and electrical energy to industrial and municipal organizations in Bulgaria. Experience in the USA and, most recently in Poland, demonstrates that conversion of existing inefficient and polluting power plants to gas turbine-based combined heat and power promises to bring economic and environmental benefits to the industrial and municipal sectors. Gas turbines suit Bulgaria’s needs technically, economically, and environmentally as an alternative to existing applications. Gas-fired turbines run more cleanly and efficiently, with lower operating and maintenance costs, compared to the coal-fired boiler houses throughout the country. NTIS Bulgaria; Gas Turbines; Industrial Plants 20060049127 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Flow Path and Sampling System Wey, Thomas; Liu, Nan-Suey; September 2006; 61 pp.; In English; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 984754.02.07.03.06.01 Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214397; E-15676; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049127; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The development and application of a multi-dimensional capability for modeling and simulation of aviation-sourced particle emissions and their precursors are elucidated. Current focus is on the role of the flow and thermal environments. The cases investigated include a film cooled turbine blade, the first-stage of a high-pressure turbine, the sampling probes, the sampling lines, and a pressure reduction chamber. Author Systems Engineering; Combustion Chambers; Aerosols; High Pressure; Turbine Blades; Thermal Environments; Fluid Mechanics; Thermodynamics 20060049141 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correlations in Jets Bridges, James; September 2006; 23 pp.; In English; 12th Aeroacoustics Conference, 8-10 May 2006, Cambridge, MA, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-781-30-63 Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214381; AIAA Paper 2006-2534; E-15659; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049141; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Measurements of space-time correlations of velocity, acquired in jets from acoustic Mach number 0.5 to 1.5 and static temperature ratios up to 2.7 are presented and analyzed. Previous reports of these experiments concentrated on the experimental technique and on validating the data. In the present paper the dataset is analyzed to address the question of how space-time correlations of velocity are different in cold and hot jets. The analysis shows that turbulent kinetic energy intensities, lengthscales, and timescales are impacted by the addition of heat, but by relatively small amounts. This contradicts the models and assumptions of recent aeroacoustic theory trying to predict the noise of hot jets. Once the change in jet potential core length has been factored out, most one- and two-point statistics collapse for all hot and cold jets. Author Aeroacoustics; Jet Flow; Turbulence; Kinetic Energy; Temperature Effects; Subsonic Speed 20060049147 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Foreign Object Damage in a Gas-Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials Choi, Sung R.; Racz, Zsolt; Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.; Brewer, David N.; September 2006; 35 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22-714-30-09 Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214330; E-15563; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Assessments of foreign object damage (FOD) of a commercial, gas-turbine grade, in situ toughened silicon nitride ceramic (AS800, Honeywell Ceramics Components) were made using four different projectile materials at ambient temperature. AS800 flexure target specimens rigidly supported were impacted at their centers in a velocity range from 50 to 450 m/s by spherical projectiles with a diameter of 1.59 mm. Four different projectile materials were used including hardened steel, annealed steel, silicon nitride ceramic, and brass. Post-impact strength of each target specimen impacted was determined as a function of impact velocity to appraise the severity of local impact damage. For a given impact velocity, the degree of 26

strength degradation was greatest for ceramic balls, least for brass balls, and intermediate for annealed and hardened steel balls. For steel balls, hardened projectiles yielded more significant impact damage than annealed counterparts. The most important material parameter affecting FOD was identified as hardness of projectiles. Impact load as a function of impact velocity was quasi-statically estimated based on both impact and static indentation associated data. Author Foreign Bodies; Damage Assessment; Impact Damage; Projectiles; Silicon Nitrides; Ceramics; Impact Velocity; Impact Loads 20060049382 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Propagation of Detonation Waves in Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust Tube Rolling, August J; King, Paul I; Schauer, Fred R; Jul 2002; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454345; AIAA-2002-3714; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454345; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) combusts a fuel air mixture through detonation. Existing designs require spark plugs in each separate thrust tube to ignite premixed reactants. A single thrust tube could require the spark plug to fire hundreds of times per second for long durations. This paper reports on the use of a continuously propagating detonation wave as both a thrust producer and a single ignition source for a multi-tube system. The goal was to minimize ignition complexity and increase reliability by limiting the number of ignition sources. The work includes a systematic investigation of single tube geometric effects on detonations. These results were subsequently used to further examine conditions for splitting detonations i.e. the division of a detonation wave into two separate detonation waves. Einally a dual thrust tube system was built and tested that successfully employed a single spark to initiate detonation in separate thrust tubes. DTIC Detonation Waves; Pulse Detonation Engines; Pulsejet Engines; Wave Propagation 20060049383 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Experimental Study of Deflagration-to-Detonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine Meyer, T R; Hoke, J L; Brown, M S; Gord, J R; Schauer, F R; Jan 2002; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454346; AIAA-2002-3720; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454346; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Experiments are performed on a number of deflagration-to-detonation (DDT) enhancement techniques for use in a H2/Air pulsed-detonation engine (PDE). The mechanism, speed and location of DDT for three configurations are considered, including a Shehelkin spiral, an extended cavity/spiral and a co-annulus. High speed digital imaging is used to track flame propagation. and simultaneous time-correlated pressure traces are used to record progress of the shock structure. It is found that DDT is initiated primarily through local explosions that are highly dependent on the particular geometry. In addition to various geometries. The effect of equivalence ratio and spark timing are also investigated. DTIC Augmentation; Deflagration; Detonation; Hydrogen; Pulse Detonation Engines; Pulsejet Engines 20060049384 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Initiation of Detonation in a Large Tube Katta, Viswanath; Tucker, Colin; Hoke, John; Schauer, Fredric; Jan 2003; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454347; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454347; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy One of the important design criteria in the development of Pulse Detonation Engines (PDEs) is to stabilize detonation in a large-diameter tube in the shortest possible distance. The initial shock train emanating from the ignition source plays an important role in transitioning the deflagration wave into a detonation. To sustain such transition in a large diameter tube. innovative methods and strategies are required. An experimental-numerical investigation is conducted to understand the role of a contoured body suspended within the tube for enhancing detonation transition. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on flux corrected transport is used for the simuation of the fate of the twvo-dimensional detonation wave formed from the ignition source and expanded through the gap benveen the centerbody and the channel walls. It is found that the reflection of transverse waves at the walls and their collision near the leading shock front are critical in sustaining a detonation 27

wave during expansion. The shock-wall and shock-shock interactions are enhanced by the centerbody. Simuations further suggested that the effectiveness of the inserted centerbody strongly depends on its length. DTIC Computational Fluid Dynamics; Detonation; Initiation; Pulsejet Engines

20060049386 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Integration of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With an Ejector Pump and With a Turbo-Charger as Methods to Self-Aspirate Hoke, John; Bradley, Royce; Stutrud, Jeff; Schauer, Fred; Jan 2002; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454349; AIAA-2002-0615; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454349; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Two methods, an ejector pump and a turbo-charger, are evaluated as a means to self-aspirate a Pulsed Detonation Engine (PDE). For the experiments pertaining to the ejector pump, a pulsed detonation engine is run on hydrogen and air at frequencies up to 40 Hz. equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 1.0, and fill fractions from 0.25 to 1.0. Flow visualization is used to determine the combination of fill fraction and equivalence ratio that successfully induced a secondary flow in the ejector pump. Pressure traces at the inlet and along the ejector pump are used to understand the performance of the ejector pump. The induced secondary flow is found to be approximately triple the primary detonation flow. Fill fraction and equivalence ratio are found to affect the performance of thee ejector. High fill fractions and high equivalence ratios results in an oscillatory flow at the ejector inlet. Hydrogen and air are used as the frtel and oxidizer during the experiment with the turbo-charger also. Air flow and pressure at the exit of the compressor are used to evaluate the potential for self-aspirating the PDE. By fltnning two detonation fltbes simultaneously though the turbo-charger self-aspiration is achieved. The centrifugal style turbine and compressor of the turbo-charger showed no signs of discoloration or pitting after a 25 minute self-aspiration run where the detonation tube and turbo-charger attained thermal equilibrium. Throughout the course of the testing the turbine experienced 35 K plus detonation events and reached a rotational operating speed of 80 K rpm. DTIC Ejectors; Pulse Detonation Engines; Pulsejet Engines

20060049387 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management in a Pulsed Detonation Engine Hoke, John; Bradley, Royce; Schauer, Frederick; Jan 2003; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454350; AIAA-2003-0852; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454350; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The unsteady nature of the Pulsed Detonation Engine (PDE) cycle creates a thermal environment fundamentally different from steady flow cycles. Gas velocities in a detonation tube range from O(-1) to O(1000) within a single cycle. This broad range of velocities and flow reversal make it difficult to determine analytically the contribution to the beat load from the purging filling detonating and blow down portions of the cycle. In this paper the overall heat load on a detonation tube is measured calorimetrically in an aluminum water-cooled detonation tube. The effects of operating parameters such as fill fraction purge fraction ignition delay equivalence ratio and cycle frequency are examined. Equivalence ratio and cycle frequency are found to have the largest effect on detonator tube heat load. DTIC Heat Transfer; Pulse Detonation Engines; Pulsejet Engines; Temperature Control; Unsteady Flow

20060049388 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With a Turbine Schauer, Fred; Bradley, Royce; Hoke, John; Jan 2003; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454351; AIAA-2003-0891; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454351; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy An evaluation of a pulsed detonation engine (PDE) blowing down through a turbine is presented. DTIC Pulse Detonation Engines; Pulsejet Engines; Turbines 28

20060049389 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branching in a Pulse Detonation Engine Panzenhagen, Kristin L; King, Paul I; Tucker, K C; Schauer, Fred R; Jan 2004; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454353; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454353; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Pulse detonation engines operate on a fill-detonate-exhaust cycle with thrust directly proportional to the cycle frequency. That is, a decrease in cycle time results in increased thrust. This paper shows that the detonate portion of the cycle can he shortened by using a branched detonation as the ignition source as opposed to a spark plug type of ignition. The combustion energy from a branched detonation allows ignition and deflagration-to-detonation transition to occur more quickly, shortening overall cycle time. Further, while detonation branching has been previously accomplished using gaseous hydrogen fuel, this paper reports the first application of detonation branching using liquid hydrocarbon fuel. For this application, a pressurized heating system was designed to vaporize the fuel and mix it with an airstream to stoichiometric conditions. DTIC Detonation; Detonation Waves; Hydrocarbons; Pulse Detonation Engines; Pulsejet Engines 20060050050 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas Turbine Hathaway, Michael D., Inventor; Strazisar, Anthony J., Inventor; Suder, Kenneth L., Inventor; July 11, 2006; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 8 Oct. 2002; US-Patent-7,074,006; US-Patent-Appl-SN-10267884; NASA-Case-LEW-17176-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050050; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy An endwall treatment for a gas turbine engine having at least one rotor blade extending from a rotatable hub and a casing circumferentially surrounding the rotor and the hub, the endwall treatment including, an inlet formed in an endwall of the gas turbine engine adapted to ingest fluid from a region of a higher-pressure fluid, an outlet formed in the endwall and located in a region of lower pressure than the inlet, wherein the inlet and the outlet are in a fluid communication with each other, the outlet being adapted to inject the fluid from the inlet in the region of lower pressure, and wherein the outlet is at least partially circumferentially offset relative to the inlet. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Gas Turbine Engines; Gas Turbines; Hubs; Rotors 20060050194 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Data Analysis and Compression Techniques for Megabyte-Data PDE Experiments Parker, Jason; Schauer, Fred; Jan 2003; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454352; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454352; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Pulsed detonation engines have the potential to provide thrust over a wide operating range for a fraction of the cost of conventional turbine engines. These promised returns have given rise to several vigorous research programs in academia, industry, and government labs. To capture the uhra-fast events composing a detonation wave. researchers are forced to use megahenz range data acquisition systems for relatively long testing intervals. producing gigabytes of purely numeric test data. Since human inspection of such enormous data sets is virtually impossible, a computational framework of highly automated analysis tools is necessary to facilitate the interpretation and analysis of pulsed detonation engine experiments. DTIC Pulsejet Engines; Data Processing; Pulse Detonation Engines 20060050201 Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd., Guildford, UK Micro-Chemical Monopropellant Thruster Barley, Sarah; Feb 2006; 67 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-04-1-3022 Report No.(s): AD-A454405; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454405; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report summarises the work completed under EOARD contract 043022 Micro-Chemical Monopropellant Thruster. The research was carried out at the Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey and the testing was conducted at the Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd Propulsion Test Site, Westcott, Bucks. The need to extend the on-orbit capabilities of nanosatellites 29

has led to the requirement for a miniaturised propulsion system. The mass, power and volume constraints placed on this system by the host nanosatellite platform lead to the selection of a chemical propulsion system. In order to optimize the thrust available and minimise complexity a monopropellant system is a favorable solution. The research has considered the miniaturisation of two key components of a monopropellant thruster: the decomposition chamber and the nozzle. The focus was the extent of miniaturisation that was possible, while maintaining the use of a conventional approach in terms of manufacture and testing. Hydrogen peroxide was selected as the propellant due to its favorable handling characteristics and previous use at the Surrey Space Centre. The geometry and morphology of a decomposition chamber are critical to the overall performance of the thruster. As the magnitude of thrust generated by the thruster reduces, the mass flow rate of propellant reduces together with the associated dimensions of the complete system. Empirical guidelines exist for the design of a decomposition chamber for a thruster of conventional size, however it is uncertain as to whether these remain applicable at thrust levels below 1 N. Two different catalyst morphologies were considered in decomposition chambers of various diameter and length. A manganese oxide catalyst, supported on a high density alumina foam was used to assess the performance of a monolithic catalyst bed and a silver powder was used to investigate the performance of a compressed powder catalyst bed. DTIC Monopropellants; Thrustors

08 AIRCRAFT STABILITY AND CONTROL Includes flight dynamics, aircraft handling qualities, piloting, flight controls, and autopilots. For related information see also 05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance; and 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation.

20060048508 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Progress Toward a Format Standard for Flight Dynamics Models Jackson, E. Bruce; Hildreth, Bruce L.; [2006]; 10 pp.; In English; 2006 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop, 10-15 Sept. 2006, Orlando, FL, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 984754.02.07.07; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In the beginning, there was FORTRAN, and it was... not so good. But it was universal, and all flight simulator equations of motion were coded with it. Then came ACSL, C, Ada, C++, C#, Java, FORTRAN-90, Matlab/Simulink, and a number of other programming languages. Since the halcyon punch card days of 1968, models of aircraft flight dynamics have proliferated in training devices, desktop engineering and development computers, and control design textbooks. With the rise of industry teaming and increased reliance on simulation for procurement decisions, aircraft and missile simulation models are created, updated, and exchanged with increasing frequency. However, there is no real lingua franca to facilitate the exchange of models from one simulation user to another. The current state-of-the-art is such that several staff-months if not staff-years are required to ‘rehost’ each release of a flight dynamics model from one simulation environment to another one. If a standard data package or exchange format were to be universally adopted, the cost and time of sharing and updating aerodynamics, control laws, mass and inertia, and other flight dynamic components of the equations of motion of an aircraft or spacecraft simulation could be drastically reduced. A 2002 paper estimated over $ 6 million in savings could be realized for one military aircraft type alone. This paper describes the efforts of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) to develop a standard flight dynamic model exchange standard based on XML and HDF-5 data formats. Author Flight Simulators; Dynamic Models; Control Theory; Standards 20060049129 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA Energy Index For Aircraft Maneuvers Chidester, Thomas R., Inventor; Lynch, Robert E., Inventor; Lawrence, Robert E., Inventor; Amidan, Brett G., Inventor; Ferryman, Thomas A., Inventor; Drew, Douglas A., Inventor; Ainsworth, Robert J., Inventor; Prothero, Gary L., Inventor; Romanowski, Tomothy P., Inventor; Bloch, Laurent, Inventor; July 11, 2006; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 22 Sept. 2004; US-Patent-7,075,457; US-Patent-Appl-SN-956523; NASA-Case-ARC-15356-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049129; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Method and system for analyzing, separately or in combination, kinetic energy and potential energy and/or their time derivatives, measured or estimated or computed, for an aircraft in approach phase or in takeoff phase, to determine if the aircraft is or will be put in an anomalous configuration in order to join a stable approach path or takeoff path. A 3 reference 30

value of kinetic energy andor potential energy (or time derivatives thereof) is provided, and a comparison index .for the estimated energy and reference energy is computed and compared with a normal range of index values for a corresponding aircraft maneuver. If the computed energy index lies outside the normal index range, this phase of the aircraft is identified as anomalous, non-normal or potentially unstable. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Aircraft Maneuvers; Estimating; Takeoff; Derivation; Kinetic Energy; Potential Energy 20060049153 NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA, USA Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft Bomben, Craig R.; Smolka, James W.; Bosworth, John T.; Silliams-Hayes, Peggy S.; Burken, John J.; Larson, Richard R.; Buschbacher, Mark J.; Maliska, Heather A.; January 2006; 33 pp.; In English; SETP 50th Symposium & Banquet, 27-30 Sept. 2006, Anaheim, CA, USA; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049153; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Intelligent Flight Control System (IFCS) project at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards AFB, CA, has been investigating the use of neural network based adaptive control on a unique NF-15B test aircraft. The IFCS neural network is a software processor that stores measured aircraft response information to dynamically alter flight control gains. In 2006, the neural network was engaged and allowed to learn in real time to dynamically alter the aircraft handling qualities characteristics in the presence of actual aerodynamic failure conditions injected into the aircraft through the flight control system. The use of neural network and similar adaptive technologies in the design of highly fault and damage tolerant flight control systems shows promise in making future aircraft far more survivable than current technology allows. This paper will present the results of the IFCS flight test program conducted at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center in 2006, with emphasis on challenges encountered and lessons learned. Derived from text Flight Control; Neural Nets; Aircraft Control; Controllability; Fault Tolerance; Real Time Operation 20060049741 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-of-Attack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation Control Abed, Eyad H; Lee, Hsien-Chiarn; Jan 1990; 11 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSFD-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454843; SRC-TR-90-28; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We consider the problem of designing stabilizing control laws for flight over a broad range of angles-of-attack which also serve to signal the pilot of impending stall. The paper employs bifurcation stabilization coupled with more traditional linear control system design. To focus the discussion, a detailed analysis is given for a model of the longitudinal dynamics of an F-8 Crusader. DTIC Aerodynamics; Angle of Attack; Control Theory; Flight Control; Nonlinearity 20060050056 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation Englar, Robert J., Inventor; Bushnell, Dennis M., Inventor; September 12, 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 14 Jun. 2004; US-Patent-7,104,498; US-Patent-Appl-SN-867114; NASA-Case-LAR-16496-1; US-Patent-Appl-SN-478186; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050056; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy An aircraft comprising a Channel Wing having blown c h - ne1 circulation control wings (CCW) for various functions. The blown channel CCW includes a channel that has a rounded or near-round trailing edge. The channel further has a trailing-edge slot that is adjacent to the rounded trailing edge of the channel. The trailing-edge slot has an inlet connected to a source of pressurized air and is capable of tangentially discharging pressurized air over the rounded trailing edge. The aircraft further has a propeller that is located in the channel and ahead of the rounded trailing edge of the channel. The propeller provides a propeller thrust exhaust stream across the channel wing to propel the aircraft through the air and to provide high lift. The pressurized air being discharged over the rounded trailing edge provides a high lift that is obtained independent of an aircraft angle of attack, thus preventing the asymmetry. separated flow, and stall experienced by the CC wing at the high angle of attack it required for high lift generation. The aircraft can further include blown outboard circulation control wings 31

(CCW) that are synergistically connected to the blown channel CCWs. The blown outboard CCWs provide additional high lift, control thrust/drag interchange, and can provide all three aerodynamic moments when differential blowing is applied front-to-rear or left-to-right. Both the blown channel CCW and the outboard CCW also have leading-edge blowing slots to prevent flow separation or to provide aerodynamic moments for control. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Trailing Edges; Channel Wings; Thrust; Leading Edges; Slots; Propellers; Exhaust Gases; Gas Streams; Boundary Layer Separation; Angle of Attack 09 RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR) Includes airports, runways, hangars, and aircraft repair and overhaul facilities; wind tunnels, water tunnels, and shock tubes; flight simulators; and aircraft engine test stands. Also includes airport ground equipment and systems. For airport ground operations see 03 Air Transportation and Safety. For astronautical facilities see 14 Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space).

20060049160 Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC, USA Contract Management: Service Contract Approach to Aircraft Simulator Training Has Room for Improvement Sep. 2006; 50 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2007-100162; GAO-06-830; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Air Force has turned to service contracts for the F-15C, F-16, Airborne Warning and Control System, and F-15E, and the Army has done the same for helicopter simulator training at its Flight School XXI. The contractors own, operate, and maintain the simulator hardware and software. The military services rely on industry to capitalize the required up-front investment, with the understanding that the contractors will amortize this investment by selling training services by the hour. GAO was asked to address (1) the factors that led the Air Force and Army to acquire simulator training as a service and whether the decision to use this approach was adequately supported; (2) whether implementation of the approach has resulted in the planned number of simulator training sites being activated; and (3) whether the Air Force and Army are effectively tracking the return on their expenditure of taxpayer dollars. GAO makes recommendations to the Secretary of Defense intended to improve management and oversight of these service contracts to help ensure that the best approach is used to provide the war-fighter with needed training. In written comments on a draft of this report, DOD concurred with all but one of the recommendations, only partially concurring with one pertaining to the Army’s simulator utilization rates. GAO continues to believe that the Army needs to track the extent to which it is using simulator availability. NTIS Contract Management; Flight Simulators; Services; Training Simulators 12 ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL) Includes general research topics related to space flight and manned and unmanned space vehicles, platforms or objects launched into, or assembled in, outer space; and related components and equipment. Also includes manufacturing and maintenance of such vehicles or platforms. For specific topics in astronautics see categories 13 through 20. For extraterrestrial exploration see 91 Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration.

20060048913 Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA USA Manufacture and Experimental Analysis of a Concentrated Strain Based Deployable Truss Structure Mejia-Ariza, Juan M; Murphey, Thomas W; Pollard, Eric L; May 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453559; AIAA-2006-1686; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) A truss structure was built and tested to advance deployable structures technology based on the concentrated strain approach. In 3rd order hierarchy systems, this architecture has the potential to provide a 10 fold improvement in mass efficiency, and demonstrate a linear compaction ratio that is five times better than current technology. A 101.6 cm x 12.7 cm x 12.7 cm test article was fabricated, and a buckling test and analysis was performed. The total mass of the deployable truss structure was 28 grams. This structure was constructed of piecewise constant cross section elements. One of the components consisted of high modulus pull-truded carbon fiber rods (CFRs) for the majority of the length. The other components were compliant flexure joints made of Nitinol NiTi, a shape memory alloy (SMA) capable of a repeatable superelastic strain of 5.0% at either boundary. The results of this research provide a contribution to the deployable structures science by improving the 32

compaction ratio and the mass efficiency of deployable structures without decreasing the truss performance limits. DTIC Aerospace Engineering; Shape Memory Alloys; Trusses

20060049140 Air Force Research Lab., Kirkland AFB, NM USA Innovative Concepts for SSA Applications Huang, D H; Cardimona, D A; Apostolova, T; Alsing, P M; Glass, W; Castillo, C D; Jan 2006; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453526; AFRL-VS-PS-TP-2006-102; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453526; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In the Advanced Detectors Research Group of the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Space Vehicles Directorate, we explore innovative ways to enhance existing detector technologies and to develop new detector capabilities for future space-based missions, such as space sensing and situational awareness. Space-based sensing needs will be met with the employment of state-of-the-art optoelectronic and photonic techniques that yield high sensitivity, reconfigurable options, high speed, light weight, low power, and radiation hardness. We present some ideas we are presently exploring that address these aspects: (1) amplification or enhancement of weak signals, (2) continuous tuning of the peak wavelength of a detector response by applying an electric field, and (3) monolithic solid-state cooling of a detector using optical refrigeration. DTIC Detectors; Research and Development; Military Technology

20060049143 McGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec Canada Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Issues and Solutions Taylor, Michael W; Aug 2006; 121 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453419; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453419; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy This thesis examines the current technological and legal issues concerning orbital debris (space debris). The unique physical characteristics of the space environment are identified and explained. The thesis then explores the causes of orbital debris and examines the risk posed by debris to the most frequently used orbital areas. Significant environmental, legal, political, and economic consequences of orbital debris are described. The current technical and legal controls on the creation of debris are discussed and evaluated. Finally, proposed solutions are considered and critiqued. The thesis concludes with a non-binding treaty-based proposal for a new legal debris control regime that can encourage compliance and enhance accountability. DTIC Debris; Space Debris; Aerospace Environments; Risk

20060049380 Air Univ., Maxwell AFB, AL USA Globalness: Toward a Space Power Theory Fredriksson, Brian E; Jun 2006; 77 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454341; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454341; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The purpose of this thesis is to take the first steps toward a military space power theory. It begins by answering the following question: Why does the U.S. military need a space power theory? The USA or any military space-faring nation needs a theory because space power is more than simply a force enhancer, It is a separate and unique form of military power with the capacity to deter and compel. An analysis of the fundamental attributes of military power -- identified here as presence, perspective, response, and destructive capability -- demonstrates the unique advantages and disadvantages of space vis-a-vis land, sea, and airpower. A unifying principle of ‘globalness’ links the laws, rules, and precepts of a prototype theory based on space power’s unique capabilities. The space power theory provides a common vision that allows a space-faring nation to take full advantage of these unique capabilities. DTIC Aerospace Engineering; Space Weapons 33

20060049448 International Photonics Consultant, Albuquerque, NM USA Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications Taylor, E W; Nichter, J; Nash, F; Haas, F; Szep, A A; Craig, D; Le, D; Fetterman, H R; Castaneda, C; Barto, R; Aug 2006; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454486; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454486; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Empirical data regarding the radiation induced responses of Mach Zehnder interferometric electro-optic polymer based modulators (PBMs) operating at 1310 and 1550 nm and broadband InP quantum dot (QD) polymer photodetectors (PPDs) operating into the near infrared (NIR) are reported. Modulators composed of spun-on materials and hybrid electostatically self assembled (ESA) and spun-on NLO materials are examined for changes to their half-wave voltage and insertion losses. Preand post- irradiation responses of ESA grown polymer detectors using InP QDs are examined for photovoltage degradation and aging effects. The data indicates an excellent potential for developing polymer based photonic (PBP) devices with increased radiation resistance suitable for transition to photonic space applications. DTIC Aerospace Environments; Photonics; Polymers; Radiation Tolerance; Technology Utilization 20060049464 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA National Security Space Policy in the U.S. and Europe. Trends and Choices Gholz, Eugene; Sabathier, Vincent; Sapolsky, Harvey; Oct 2002; 42 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454543; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454543; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Since the end of the Cold War, the availability of new technologies and changes in the national security environment have raised the possibility of substantial new demand for military space systems. Trends in technology, military operations, politics, and economics highlight several possible trajectories for national security space policy. Decisionmakers in the USA and in Europe are preparing today to make key choices about military doctrine, resource investments, and the policy goals that leaders hope to achieve using military operations that rely on space assets. The wish-list for new space systems includes improved intelligence-gathering satellites, navigation satellites to enable precision strike against fixed and mobile targets, and communications satellites to allow decentralized forces to share access to information and coordinate operations in a complex environment. Both the U.S. and European governments may find it useful to cooperate on national security space policy. Forming coalitions for military action should have substantial political and financial benefits, but recent attempts at cooperative operations have been hampered by the failure to coordinate equipment investments in the past. In addition to the well-publicized lack of communications interoperability, coalition forces also discovered that they had a surplus of some types of equipment while other low density, high demand systems were unavailable. The economic needs of the space industry also play an important role in the future trajectory of national security space policy. Space systems contractors are losing money in the wake of their fixed investment in capacity in the expansive 1990s. Trans-Atlantic coordination among government buyers might reduce the risk of future overcapacity, if coordination helps to eliminate redundancy among programs. DTIC Aerospace Systems; Communication Satellites; Europe; Navigation Satellites; Security; Space Law; Trends 20060049781 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Gravitational Field Wang, Li-Sheng; Maddocks, J H; Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1991; 39 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-URI-87-0073; AFOSR-89-0376 Report No.(s): AD-A454887; SRC-TR-91-50; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In recent work, the exact dynamic equations for the motion of a finite rigid body in a central gravitational field were shown to be of Hamiltonian form with a noncanonical structure. In this paper, the notion of relative equilibrium is introduced, based upon this exact model. In relative equilibrium, the orbit of the center of mass of the rigid body is a circle, but the center of attraction may or may not lie at the center of the orbit. This feature is used to classify great-circle and non-great-circle orbits. The existence of non-great-circle relative equilibria for the exact model is proved from various variational principles. While the orbital offset of the non-great-circle solutions is necessarily small, a numerical study reveals that there can be significant changes in orientation away from the classic Lagrange relative equilibria, which are solutions of an approximate model. DTIC Artificial Satellites; Circular Orbits; Equations of Motion; Gravitational Fields; Great Circles; Rigid Structures 34

20060049862 L’Garde, Inc., Tustin, CA USA A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Comparison with Conventional Systems Vendura, Jr , George J; Malone, Patrick; Crawford, Larry; Jan 2006; 6 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454994; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) A novel, lightweight solar panel design is described that incorporates the best features from three separate areas of development: (1) advanced solar cells; (2) light weight, flexible blanket technology; and (3) deployment by inflation. In this study, inflation-deployed panels of various powers incorporating four different types of low mass solar cells are investigated with respect to conventional systems. Depending on panel size and cell type, five-fold and three-fold improvements in specific powers (W/kg) can be realized compared to present state-of-the-art rigid and flexible systems, respectively. There are numerous advantages to such an inflatable deployment system. Besides lower weight and increased power, the technique is low in cost and reliable. The system has a minimum of complex parts and stows efficiently. Most importantly, both concept and materials have been proven in space. In this study, systems in the 0.3 to 5.0 kW range combining the best elements of cell, blanket, and deployment technologies are designed and analyzed for both low earth (LEO) and geosynchronous (GEO) environments. Results in terms of specific power are compared to flexible arrays involving BI-STEM and astromast deployment as well as to a typical rigid panel, latch, and spring deployed, such as DSCS III. DTIC Aerospace Engineering; Arrays; Inflatable Structures; Panels; Solar Arrays; Solar Cells; Toruses

13 ASTRODYNAMICS Includes powered and free flight trajectories; orbital and launching dynamics.

20060049358 Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA USA Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit Granata, J E; Sahlstrom, T D; Hausgen, P; Messenger, S R; Walters, R J; Lorentzen, J R; Liu, Simon; Helizon, Roger; Jan 2006; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454303; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454303; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy A radiation test plan for thin-film photovoltaic technologies focused on a MEO flight experiment is outlined. The proton and electron radiation response of thin film, amorphous Si solar cells and CuInGaSe2 solar cells, with and without space coatings, is presented. The degradation of the photovoltaic output under penetrating and junction-damaging proton irradiation, and 0.6 MeV and 1 MeV electron irradiation, is measured and examined. The experimental data are presented and analyzed. These data will form the basis for an on-orbit prediction model as applied to a high-radiation MEO orbit. DTIC Earth Orbits; Electron Radiation; Photovoltaic Effect; Protons; Thin Films

20060049675 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During Station-Keeping Liaw, Der-Cherng; Abed, Eyad H; Nov 1990; 26 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSFD-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454742; SRC-TR-88-72-R1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy After deriving a set of dynamic equations governing the dynamics of a Tethered Satellite System (TSS), stabilizing tension control laws in feedback form are derived. The tether is assumed rigid and massless, and the equations of motion are derived using the system Lagrangian. It is observed that, to stabilize the system, tools from stability analysis of critical nonlinear systems must be applied. This paper employs tools related to the Hopf Bifurcation Theorem in the construction of the stabilizing control laws, which may be taken purely linear. Simulations illustrate the nature of the conclusions, and show that nonlinear terms in the feedback can be used to significantly improve the transient response. DTIC Spacecraft Trajectories; Stationkeeping; Tethered Satellites; Tethering 35

20060049676 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Tethered Satellite System Stability Liaw, D C; Abed, E H; Jan 1989; 32 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSF-ECS86-57561 Report No.(s): AD-A454743; SRC-TR-89-21; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Issues of stability of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) during station-keeping, de- ployment and retrieval are considered. The basic nonlinear equations of motion of the TSS are derived using the system Lagrangian. Using the Hopf bifurcation theorem, tension control laws are established which guarantee the stability of the system during the station-keeping mode. A constant angle control method is hypothesized for subsatellite deployment and retrieval. It is proved that this control law results in stable deployment but unstable retrieval. An enhanced control law for deployment is also proposed, which entails use of the constant angle method followed by a station-keeping control law once the tether length is sufficiently near the desired value. Simulations are given to illustrate the conclusions. DTIC Spacecraft Trajectories; Stationkeeping; Systems Engineering; Tethered Satellites; Tethering 14 GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES (SPACE) Includes launch complexes, research and production facilities; ground support equipment, e.g., mobile transporters; and test chambers and simulators. Also includes extraterrestrial bases and supporting equipment. For related information see also 09 Research and Support Facilities (Air).

20060049390 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Low-Cost Launch Systems for the Dual-Launch Concept Pearson, Jerone; Zukauskas, Wally; Weeks, Thomas; Cass, Stein; Stytz, Martin; Oct 2000; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454354; IAA-00-IAA.1.1.06; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454354; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Current launch costs into low Earth orbit (LEO) are extremely high. This study identified cost reductions possible using a dual launch strategy using high-reliability/high-cost launch vehicles for high-value payloads, and lower cost launch vehicles for low-value payloads. The approach was to assess existing expendable launch vehicles for development, production, and operations cost using a parametric mass- based cost model, TRANSCOST 6.2. Performing fewer engine tests, designing structures with lower structural margins, parallel processing, eliminating payload clean room requirements and extensive testing before launch, horizontal integration, lower cost labor, and reduced insurance costs were examined to lower costs. Nearly an order of magnitude reduction can be achieved from current launch costs to LEO for low-value payloads. The use of conventional expendable rocket vehicles, however, keeps costs above S2,000 per kilogram to LEO. Revolutionary methods, such as first stage lasers, eleeflomagnetic and ram accelerators, and upper stage orbiting tethers, were examined to achieve even lower launch costs. The best combination examined uses the ram accelerator and orbiting tether, with an estimated cost of $250-$350 per kilogram into LEO. That might be further optimized to achieve $100/kg. No launch techniques were discovered that show launch costs below $100 per kilogram. DTIC Cost Analysis; Launch Vehicles; Launching; Low Cost 15 LAUNCH VEHICLES AND LAUNCH OPERATIONS Includes all classes of launch vehicles, launch/space vehicle systems, and boosters; and launch operations. For related information see also 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance; and 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power.

20060048219 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program Small Launch Vehicles Weeks, David J.; Walker, Steven H.; Thompson, Tim L.; Sackheim, Robert; London, John R., III; [2006]; 7 pp.; In English; 20th Annual AIAA/USU COnference on Small Satellites, 14-17 Aug.. 2006, Logan, UT, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations Report No.(s): Rept-SSC06-IX-1; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy 36

Earlier in this decade, the U.S. Air Force Space Command and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), in recognizing the need for low-cost responsive small launch vehicles, decided to partner in addressing this national shortcoming. Later, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) joined in supporting this effort, dubbed the Falcon Program. The objectives of the Small Launch Vehicle (SLV) element of the DARPA/USAF Falcon Program include the development of a low-cost small launch vehicle(s) that demonstrates responsive launch and has the potential for achieving a per mission cost of less than $5M when based on 20 launches per year for 10 years. This vehicle class can lift 1000 to 2000 lbm payloads to a reference low earth orbit. Responsive operations include launching the rocket within 48 hours of call up. A history of the program and the current status will be discussed with an emphasis on the potential impact on small satellites. Author Launch Vehicles; Low Earth Orbits; NASA Programs; Low Cost; Standard Launch Vehicles

20060048242 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration Kynard, Michael H.; Genge, Gary G.; Greene, William D.; Jacobs, William; McArthur, J. Craig; Mims, Michael J.; Tepool, J. Eric; Wofford, Steven J.; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only As a first step towards the fulfillment of the National Vision for Space Exploration, NASA has begun development of the Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV). The CLV will act, in conjunction with the Crew Exploration Vehicle, as the next generation human launch system to first support missions to the International Space Station (ISS), then later to support the lunar return missions, and then after that to exploration missions to Mars and beyond. The CLV is a two-stage launch vehicle with the first stage based upon the Space Shuttle solid rocket booster. The newly designed, expendable second stage is powered by a single RS-25 liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engine. The RS-25 is essentially the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) evolved for a new mission, new environments, and new conditions. The CLV Upper-Stage Engine (USE) office has been established to develop the RS-25 in support of the CLV Project. This paper presents an outline and discussion of the risks associated with this endeavor of transforming the SSME into the upper-stage, altitude-start RS-25 and the plans being undertaken to understand and mitigate these risks. In addition, to meet the long-term requirements of the CLV launch manifest, it will be necessary to redevelop the RS-25, with its long history as the reusable SSME for the Space Shuttle Program, as an expendable engine. While the first flights of CLV will be using heritage SSME hardware, beyond that a new version of RS-25 as an expendable engine is being pursued by the CLV USE element. The goals of this work include the need to make the hardware more producible while maintaining the inherent and inherited reliability of the basic design. This paper will also discuss the risks and present the plans for developing both this next generation version of the RS-25 and for developing the manufacturing capacity necessary to support the CLV Project. Author Hydrogen Oxygen Engines; Liquid Hydrogen; Launch Vehicles; Space Exploration

20060048251 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage Davis, D. J.; Cook, J. R.; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; AIAA Joint Propulsion Conference, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048251; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy The Agency s Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV) will be the first human rated space transportation system developed in the USA since the Space Shuttle. The CLV will utilize existing Shuttle heritage hardware and systems combined with a ‘clean sheet design’ for the Upper Stage. The Upper Stage element will be designed and developed by a team of NASA engineers managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama. The team will design the Upper Stage based on the Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) Team s point of departure conceptual design as illustrated in the figure below. This concept is a self-supporting cylindrical structure, approximately 1 15 feet long and 216 inches in diameter. While this ‘clean-sheet’ upper stage design inherently carries more risk than utilizing a modified design, the approach also has many advantages. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing a ‘clean-sheet’ design for the new CLV Upper Stage as well as describe in detail the overall design of the Upper Stage and its integration into NASA s CLV. Author Launch Vehicles; Space Shuttles; Risk; Space Transportation System 37

20060048734 Air Force Research Lab., Kirkland AFB, NM USA Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Subsystems for End-to-End Spacecraft Modeling Schum, William K; Doolittle, Christina M; Boyarko, George A; Apr 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453408; AFRL-VS-PS-TP-2006-1027; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453408; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy During the past ten years, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has been simultaneously developing high-fidelity spacecraft payload models as well as a robust distributed simulation environment for modeling spacecraft subsystems. Much of this research has occurred in the Distributed Architecture Simulation Laboratory (DASL). AFRL developers working in the DASL have effectively combined satellite power, attitude pointing, and communication link analysis subsystem models with robust satellite sensor models to create a first-order end-to-end satellite simulation capability. The merging of these two simulation areas has advanced the field of spacecraft simulation, design, and analysis, and enabled more in-depth mission and satellite utility analyses. A core capability of the DASL is the support of a variety of modeling and analysis efforts, ranging from physics and engineering-level modeling to mission and campaign-level analysis. The flexibility and agility of this simulation architecture will be used to support space mission analysis, military utility analysis, and various integrated exercises with other military and space organizations via direct integration, or through DOD standards such as Distributed Interaction Simulation. This paper discusses the results and lessons learned in modeling satellite communication link analysis, power, and attitude control subsystems for an end-to-end satellite simulation. It also discusses how these spacecraft subsystem simulations feed into and support military utility and space mission analyses. DTIC Artificial Satellites; Distributed Interactive Simulation; Simulation 20060048780 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Small Flexible Spacecraft Using Free-Free Boundary Conditions Fulton, Joseph M; Aug 3, 2006; 220 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453617; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453617; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Due to the volume and power limitations of a small satellite, careful consideration must be taken while designing an attitude control system for 3-axis stabilization. Placing redundancy in the system proves difficult and utilizing power hungry, high accuracy, active actuators is not a viable option. Thus, it is customary to find dependable, passive actuators used in conjunction with small scale active control components. This document describes the application of Elastic Memory Composite materials in the construction of a flexible spacecraft appendage, such as a gravity gradient boom. Assumed modes methods are used with Finite Element Modeling information to obtain the equations of motion for the system while assuming free-free boundary conditions. A discussion is provided to illustrate how cantilever mode shapes are not always the best assumption when modeling small flexible spacecraft. A key point of interest is first resonant modes may be needed in the system design plant in spite of these modes being greater than one order of magnitude in frequency when compared to the crossover frequency of the controller. LQG/LTR optimal control techniques are implemented to compute attitude control gains while controller robustness considerations determine appropriate reduced order controllers and which flexible modes to include in the design model. Key satellite designer concerns in the areas of computer processor sizing, material uncertainty impacts on the system model, and system performance variations resulting from appendage length modifications are addressed. DTIC Artificial Satellites; Attitude Control; Boundary Conditions; Flexible Spacecraft; Free Boundaries; Linear Quadratic Gaussian Control; Optimal Control; Spacecraft Control 20060049021 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Maneuver Estimation Model for Geostationary Orbit Determination Hirsch, Brian J; Jun 2006; 123 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453944; AFIT/GA/ENY/06-J01; XC-AFRL/DET-15; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) As an increasing number of geostationary satellites fill a limited number of orbital slots, collocation of satellites leads to a risk of close approach or misidentification. The ability to detect maneuvers made by these satellites using optical observations can help to prevent these problems. Such a model has already been created and tested using data from the Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing site. The goal of this research was to create a more robust model which would reduce 38

the amount of data needed to make accurate maneuver estimations. The Clohessy-Wiltshire equations were used to model the relative motion of a geostationary satellite about its intended location, and a nonlinear least squares algorithm was developed to estimate the satellite trajectories. DTIC Detection; Earth Orbits; Geosynchronous Orbits; Maneuvers; Optical Measurement; Orbit Determination; Synchronous Platforms; Synchronous Satellites

20060049061 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA NASA Crew Launch Vehicle Overview Dumbacher, Daniel L.; January 2006; 4 pp.; In English; AIAA Joint Propulsion Conference, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049061; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy The US. Vision for Space Exploration, announced January 2004, outlines the National Aeronautics and Space Administration s (NASA) strategic goals and objectives. These include: 1) Flying the Shuttle as safely as possible until its retirement, not later than 2010. 2) Bringing a new Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) into service as soon as possible after Shuttle retirement. 3) Developing a balanced overall program of science, exploration, and aeronautics at NASA, consistent with the redirection of the human spaceflight program to focus on exploration. 4) Completing the International Space Station (ISS) in a manner consistent with international partner commitments and the needs of human exploration. 5) Encouraging the pursuit of appropriate partnerships with the emerging commercial space sector. 6) Establishing a lunar return program having the maximum possible utility for later missions to Mars and other destinations. Following the confirmation of the new NASA Administrator in April 2005, the Agency commissioned a team of aerospace subject matter experts from government and industry to perform the Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS), which provided in-depth information for selecting the follow-on launch vehicle designs to enable these goals, The ESAS team analyzed a number of potential launch systems, with a focus on: (1) a human-rated launch vehicle for crew transport and (2) a heavy lift launch vehicle (HLLV) to carry cargo. After several months of intense study utilizing technical performance, budget, and schedule objectives, the results showed that the optimum architecture to meet the challenge of safe, reliable crew transport is a two-stage variant of the Space Shuttle propulsion system - utilizing the reusable Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) as the first stage, along with a new upper stage that uses a derivative of the RS-25 Space Shuttle Main Engine to deliver 25 metric tons to low-Earth orbit. The CEV that this new Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV) lofts into space early next decade will initially ferry astronauts to the Space Station and be capable of carrying crews back to lunar orbit and of supporting missions to Mars orbit. The HLLV system will utilize the Shuttle External Tank combined with SRBs. The focus of this paper is on the CLV system, giving an overview of plans and progress to date. Derived from text NASA Space Programs; Crew Exploration Vehicle; General Overviews; Launch Vehicles

20060049220 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA A Comparative Analysis of Single-Stage-To-Orbit Rocket and Air-Breathing Vehicles Orloff, Benjamin S; Jun 2006; 100 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453934; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J13; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453934; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This study compares and contrasts the performance of a variety of rocket and air breathing, single-stage-to-orbit, reusable launch vehicles. Fuels considered include bi-propellant and tri-propellant combinations of hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels. Astrox Corporation’s HySIDE code was used to model the vehicles and predict their characteristics and performance. Vehicle empty mass, wetted area and growth rates were used as figures of merit to predict the procurement, operational and maintenance cost trends of a vehicle system as well as the system’s practicality. Results were compared to those of two-stage-to-orbit reusable launch systems using similar modeling methods. The study found that single-stage-to-orbit vehicles using scramjet air breathing propulsion outperform rocket systems. Findings also demonstrate the benefits of using hydrocarbon fuel in the early phases of ascent to reduce the size and mass of launch vehicles. An all-hydrocarbon, air breathing, single-stage-to-orbit vehicle was found to be a viable launch vehicle configuration and performed comparably to two-stage-to-orbit rocket systems. DTIC Air Breathing Engines; Launch Vehicles; Rocket Vehicles; Single Stage Rocket Vehicles 39

20060049300 Garvey Spacecraft Corp., Long Beach, CA USA Demonstration and Analysis of Reusable Launch Vehicle Operations Garvey, John; Aug 2006; 39 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA9300-05-M-3010; Proj-3005 Report No.(s): AD-A454119; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454119; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Report developed under SBIR contract for topic AF05-201. The increased use of reusable systems continues to be one of the most promising options for creating advancements in the daily maintenance of rocket systems, lowering hours for preparation and diminishing expenses for preparation. However, since the end of the DC-X/XA Delta Clipper program, flight testing of candidate reusable launch vehicle (RLV) designs, technologies and operations has come to a halt. This project addressed this situation through the development and flight testing during Phase I of an early prototype RLV that could ultimately evolve into the first stage of an operational nanosat launch vehicle (NLV). This LOX/ethanol-propellant vehicle -the Prospector 7 -took flight twice within a 3.5 hour period after less than a day of pre-launch field preparations, thereby establishing a new reference metric for RLV-type responsive, fast turn-around launch operations. Besides serving as an operational pathfinder, this RLV test bed also manifested several academic payloads in support of a related goal of assessing candidate nanosat-class payload accommodations. In a solid demonstration of the commercial potential for this kind of capability, the Prospector 7 itself has already been assigned to non-SBIR follow-on flight test activities. DTIC Launch Vehicles; Nanosatellites; Reusable Launch Vehicles

20060049354 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria New Techniques in Space Weather Forecasting Kartalev, Monio D; May 1, 2005; 29 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-05-1-3024 Report No.(s): AD-A454296; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454296; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences as follows: The grantee will use plasma and magnetic field interplanetary data generated from orbiting spacecraft to develop real-time models of the earth s ionosphere. This will provide detailed knowledge about the Magneto Hydrodynamics (MHD) discontinuities that occur due to the solar wind, and its effects on communications. DTIC Aerospace Environments; Forecasting; Magnetohydrodynamics; Space Communication; Space Weather; Weather

20060049356 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Application of Piecewise Linear Control Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle Guidance and Control Bolender, Michael A; Doman, David B; Oppenheimer, Michael W; Feb 2006; 13 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-A03D Report No.(s): AD-A454301; AFRL-VA-WP-TP-2006-318; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454301; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We will demonstrate two applications of the piecewise linear control allocation (PLCA) approach. The first application to be considered is to use the PLCA approach in the inner-loop control law of a re-usable launch vehicle on approach and landing. Body axis angular rates are controlled using a dynamic inversion controller. The vehicle will be subjected to two stuck control effectors, and recovery of the vehicle using only control effector reconfiguration provided by the control allocator and without trajectory reshaping will be demonstrated. The second application that will be demonstrated is constraint estimation for trajectory reshaping and re-targeting. In order to successfully re-target a trajectory when an aircraft has experienced degraded performance due to a failure or damage to the vehicle, the effects of the failure or damage on the lift, drag, and ‘trimmability’ of the vehicle must be known a priori over the entire flight envelope. We present a method that allows for the effects of a locked or floating control effector to be estimated over the flight envelope. DTIC Allocations; Guidance (Motion); Launch Vehicles; Reusable Launch Vehicles 40

20060049400 L’Garde, Inc., Tustin, CA USA Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar Arrays Redell, Frederick H; Lichodziejewski, David; Jan 2004; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454378; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454378; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In 1999, DARPA contracted L’Garde, Inc. to develop an ultra low-mass solar array for rapid deployment micro satellites. The results of that effort yielded a high performance design that was tested up to a flight demonstration and outperformed competing designs in power density (65.4 W/kg at 274 W) and stowed volume (0.04 cubic meters). However, this design lacked the ability to scale the power level beyond 1 kW. Recently there have been significant advances in the area of inflatable-rigidizable space structures. The purpose of the most recent investigation was to develop a scalable version of the technology leveraging the previously proven design with revolutionary inflatable technology to produce a solar array that will be adaptable to any micro satellite mission and beyond. The methods of the most recent investigation involved analysis, fabrication, and tests. The result is a design ready to move to the next phase with power density performance better than two times that of the state of the art (115 W/kg at 1250 W) while utilizing existing solar cell technology. This performance level should be attractive to anyone interested in lowering the cost and increasing the reliability of their mission. The new structural technology will lend itself to a wide range of applications. This work is the result of a phase I contract that was performed for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under SBIR funding. DTIC Deployment; Panels; Solar Arrays; Solar Cells 20060049427 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satellite Formations for the Purpose of Space-Based Remote Sensing Vogel, Kurt A; Aug 2006; 296 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454451; AFIT/DS/ENY/06-04; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454451; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This dissertation assesses the utility of tethered satellite formations for the space-based remote sensing mission. Energy dissipation is found to have an adverse effect on foundational rigid body (Likins-Pringle) equilibria. It is shown that a continuously earth-facing equilibrium condition for a fixed-length tethered system does not exist since the spin rate required for the proper precession would not be high enough to maintain tether tension. The range of required spin rates for steady-spin motion is numerically defined here, but none of these conditions can meet the continuously earth-facing criteria. Of particular note is the discovery that applying certain rigid body conditions to a free-flying formation creates the desired equilibrium condition. Control methods applied to the tethered system fail to maintain formation orientation or are cost prohibitive. The overall assessment is that tethers have great value for general formations, however, by themselves tethers cannot conduct formation control for continuously earth-facing aperture clusters. Even with additional controls, the utility of tethers for this mission is limited. DTIC Artificial Satellites; Dynamic Control; Remote Sensors; Satellite Observation; Tethered Satellites; Tethering 20060049568 Air Force Research Lab., Rome, NY USA Why Photonic Systems for Space? Bernstein, Norman P; Brost, George A; Hayduk, Michael J; Hunter, James R; Nichter, James E; Payson, Paul M; Repak, Paul L; Aug 2006; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-LINK Report No.(s): AD-A454253; AFRL-SN-RS-TP-2006-10; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Future space-based platforms can and will benefit from the implementation of photonics in both analog and digital subsystems. This paper discusses the potential applications and advantages of photonics to space-based platforms. These applications include radiofrequency distribution links, true time delay, local oscillator generation, photonically implemented signal processing, and high speed analog-to-digital signal conversion. DTIC Analog to Digital Converters; Fiber Optics; Microwaves; Photonics; Signal Processing; Transmission Lines 20060049571 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Military Space Programs: Issues Concerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Programs Smith, Marcia S; Jan 30, 2006; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454554; CRS/DC-RS21148; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy 41

The Department of Defense’s (DOD’s) programs to develop new satellites to alert U.S. military commanders to foreign missile launches, and to support missile defense objectives, are controversial because of cost growth and schedule slippage. SBIRS-High, managed by the Air Force, would replace existing Defense Support Program early warning satellites. The Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS, formerly SBIRS-Low), managed by the Missile Defense Agency, would perform missile tracking and target discrimination for missile defense objectives. The SBIRS-High program has breached Nunn-McCurdy cost growth limits several times, resulting in several program restructurings. This is the final edition of this report. DTIC Artificial Satellites; Defense Program; Early Warning Systems; Missile Defense; Missile Tracking; Target Recognition 20060049600 THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) the New Paradigm for Booster Rockets Bulman, Melvin J; Jul 12, 2006; 10 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F04611-02-C-0001; Proj-4847 Report No.(s): AD-A454615; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Rocket-powered launch vehicles require high thrust when taking off and high vacuum specific impulse (Isp) later in the mission. These two requirements are in conflict since a large area ratio nozzle operating at sea-level pressure is less efficient in producing thrust and the jet may separate from the nozzle causing destructive forces. Aerojet’s Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) concept overcomes these conventional engine limitations by injecting additional propellants and combusting in the nozzle. The TAN concept represents no less than a change in the rocket propulsion paradigm. Higher thrust to weight of the engine can reduce the engine weight, which can be traded directly for increased payload. Launch vehicle mission effective Isp can be significantly improved by using TAN to safely fill a high area ratio nozzle at sea level while significantly increasing thrust. The thrust augmenting propellants can be different from the core engine, enabling the benefits of dual fuels on mission performance. Possibly the most important benefit of TAN is increased engine system reliabilities by operating the engine core at a reduced chamber pressure and making up the required thrust by operating TAN. This paper describes the TAN concept, and how it overcomes these classic booster engine problems as supported by test results and a representative simulated mission. DTIC Booster Rocket Engines; Exhaust Nozzles; Launch Vehicles; Specific Impulse; Thrust Augmentation 20060049631 Air Force Research Lab., Edwards AFB, CA USA Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint) Niemela, Carrie S; Cheng, Shannon Y; Brieda, Lubos; Nakles, Michael; Ekholm, Jared; Hargus, Jr , WIlliam; Jul 2006; 19 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454665; AFRL-PR-ED-TP-2006-155; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Numerical modeling of the expansion of electric thruster plumes provides direct means for predicting spacecraft surface contamination and erosion due to plume ions. A software package named COLISEUM that is capable of self-consistently modeling plasma propagation and interactions with arbitrary 3-D surfaces is being developed by a national team of researchers. Despite much research and development in modeling plume expansion, it is necessary to continuously validate these codes using laboratory based experimental data. It is well-established that vacuum chamber facilities affect the plume of these devices. Thus, the models must not only describe the plume expansion, but also effects of the vacuum chamber. COLISEUM has been designed to simulate both vacuum chamber configurations and spacecraft geometries. This work provides source derivation from laser induced florescence (LIF) data. Included is a study that compares results from a hybrid particle-in-cell model (AQUILA) with Monte Carlo collisions to data obtained from the plume of Busek 600W Hall thruster (BHT-HD-600). This data includes current density, velocity distribution, and energy data. DTIC Computer Programs; Hall Thrusters; Models; Plumes 20060049633 Air Force Research Lab., Edwards AFB, CA USA Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD-600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) Ekholm, Jared M; Hargus Jr , William A; Larson, C W; Nakles, Michael; Reed, Garrett; Niemela, Carrie S; Jul 2006; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-1011 Report No.(s): AD-A454668; AFRL-PR-ED-TP-2006-156; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy 42

To better characterize the potential impacts of the operation of a Busek Company, Inc. BHT-HD-600 laboratory Hall thruster on spacecraft, a number of plume properties have been measured. These include current density using a Faraday probe, ion energy distribution using a retarding potential analyzer, and ion species fractions using an E x B probe. The BHT-HD-600 Hall thruster is a nominally 600 W xenon Hall thruster developed by Busek Co. Inc. for the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. Plume characterization of Hall thrusters is required to fully understand the impacts of thruster operation on spacecraft. Much of these plume data are vital inputs for numerical models that can then be applied to estimate the effect of the energetic plume on complex spacecraft geometries. Early measurement of plume properties, such as plume divergence, ion energy distribution, and species fractions, aids the timely transfer of Hall thruster technology to the user. The plume’s ion beam was characterized by measurement of ion current density radial profiles, ion energy spectra and ion species fraction distributions. Measurements were recorded +/- 90 degrees off thruster centerline at 60 cm from the discharge. It was determined slight variations in anode potential and mass-flow produced a measurable effect on ion current density and plume divergence, experimentally showing an increase or decrease of +/- 15-20%. Ionic energy spectra demonstrated both inelastic and elastic scattering within the plume. The measurements reveal significant populations of multiply-charged ions in the plume. E x B probe measurements show surprisingly ion species fraction angle dependence. DTIC Current Density; Hall Thrusters; Plumes 20060049686 Surrey Univ., Guildford, UK Near Real-Time Event Detection & Prediction Using Intelligent Software Agents Palmer, Philip; Mar 2006; 58 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-05-1-3048 Report No.(s): AD-A454762; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report results from a contract tasking University of Surrey as follows: The Surrey Space Center primary developer of the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) a network of satellites that provides users global natural and man-made event monitoring, seeks to monitor space and/or terrestrial source data streams for identifying interest-event occurrences. For the purposes of this research an event is defined as a significant interest item that occurs at a particular time and location, such as an individual volcano eruption, a flood or a forest fire. During- and postevent detection can often be achieved through one of several change detection algorithms, however pre-event detection introduces an entirely different challenge. Successful pre-event detection involves comparing temporal data against unique impending event data patterns. More concisely, successful pre-event detection involves combining time series analysis with robust event pattern recognition. While domain-specific methodologies have garnered varying success levels a general approach for this complex task has yet to be found and therefore motivates this research effort. Significant progress across the range of research goals and objectives has been achieved. Preliminary analysis results using one and two channelled data suggest the method is capable of identifying complex event-related data patterns and perhaps even predicting significant events. These results strengthen our conviction the method warrants further research and investigation. DTIC Change Detection; Pattern Recognition; Prediction Analysis Techniques; Real Time Operation; Time Series Analysis 20060049802 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USA National Security Space Launch Report McCartney, Forrest; Jan 2006; 103 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-0004; W74V8H-06-C-0002 Report No.(s): AD-A454913; RAND/MG-503; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy On January 20, 2004, Congress in House Resolution 4200 directed the Secretary of Defense to establish a panel of experts with extensive space launch and operations background to address the future National Security Space (NSS) launch requirements and the means of meeting those requirements. The Department of Defense (Do) selected the RAND Corporation to facilitate and support this panel in its deliberations between May 2005 and May 2006. After a comprehensive review and assessment of the future NSS launch requirements, the National Security Space Launch Requirements Panel concluded that the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program can satisfy all known and projected NSS requirements through 2020. The yearlong fact finding and analysis (between May 2005 and May 2006) of this Panel derived many findings on NSS requirements and the means of satisfying them. We introduce them here. A more complete account of the Panel’s findings and judgments is found in the body of this report, and, accordingly, a study of the entire document is recommended. DTIC Launch Vehicles; Security; Spacecraft Launching 43

16 SPACE TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY Includes passenger and cargo space transportation, e.g., shuttle operations; and space rescue techniques. For related information see also 03 Air Transportation and Safety; 15 Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations; and 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance. For space suits see 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.

20060048173 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA NASA Technologies for Product Identification Schramm, Fred, Jr.; [2006]; 52 pp.; In English; 2006 Automatic Identification and Data Capture Technical Institute/Ohio University, 28 Jul. 2006, Athens, OH, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048173; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Since 1975 bar codes on products at the retail counter have been accepted as the standard for entering product identity for price determination. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Data Matrix symbol has become accepted as the bar code format that is marked directly on a part, assembly or product that is durable enough to identify that item for its lifetime. NASA began the studies for direct part marking Data Matrix symbols on parts during the Return to Flight activities after the Challenger Accident. Over the 20 year period that has elapsed since Challenger, a mountain of studies, analyses and focused problem solutions developed by and for NASA have brought about world changing results. NASA Technical Standard 6002 and NASA Handbook 6003 for Direct Part Marking Data Matrix Symbols on Aerospace Parts have formed the basis for most other standards on part marking internationally. NASA and its commercial partners have developed numerous products and methods that addressed the difficulties of collecting part identification in aerospace operations. These products enabled the marking of Data Matrix symbols in virtually every situation and the reading of symbols at great distances, severe angles, under paint and in the dark without a light. Even unmarkable delicate parts now have a process to apply a chemical mixture called NanocodesTM that can be converted to a Data Matrix. The accompanying intellectual property is protected by 10 patents, several of which are licensed. Direct marking Data Matrix on NASA parts virtually eliminates data entry errors and the number of parts that go through their life cycle unmarked, two major threats to sound configuration management and flight safety. NASA is said to only have people and stuff with information connecting them. Data Matrix is one of the most significant improvements since Challenger to the safety and reliability of that connection. This presentation highlights the accomplishments of NASA in its efforts to develop technologies for automatic identification, its efforts to implement them and its vision on their role in space. Author NASA Programs; Technology Utilization; Aerospace Systems; Product Development 20060048195 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Characterization of Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Materials for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation Wingard, Doug; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; 2006 North American Thermal Analysis Society (NATAS) Conference, 7-9 Aug. 2006, Bowling Green, KY, USA; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only During the Space Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation, it was determined that a large chunk of polyurethane insulating foam (= 1.67 lbs) on the External Tank (ET) came loose during Columbia’s ascent on 2-1-03. The foam piece struck some of the protective Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC) panels on the leading edge of Columbia’s left wing in the mid-wing area. This impact damaged Columbia to the extent that upon re-entry to Earth, superheGed air approaching 3,000 F caused the vehicle to break up, killing all seven astronauts on board. A paper after the Columbia Accident Investigation highlighted thermal analysis testing performed on External Tank TPS materials (1). These materials included BX-250 (now BX-265) rigid polyurethane foam and SLA-561 Super Lightweight Ablator (highly-filled silicone rubber). The large chunk of foam from Columbia originated fiom the left bipod ramp of the ET. The foam in this ramp area was hand-sprayed over the SLA material and various fittings, allowed to dry, and manually shaved into a ramp shape. In Return-to-Flight (RTF) efforts following Columbia, the decision was made to remove the foam in the bipod ramp areas. During RTF efforts, further thermal analysis testing was performed on BX-265 foam by DSC and DMA. Flat panels of foam about 2-in. thick were sprayed on ET tank material (aluminum alloys). The DSC testing showed that foam material very close to the metal substrate cured more slowly than bulk foam material. All of the foam used on the ET is considered fully cured about 21 days after it is sprayed. The RTF culminated in the successful launch of Space Shuttle Discovery on 7-26-05. Although the flight was a success, there was another serious incident of foam loss fiom the ET during Shuttle ascent. This time, a rather large chunk of BX-265 foam (= 0.9 lbs) came loose from the liquid hydrogen (LH2) PAL ramp, although the foam did not strike the Shuttle Orbiter containing the crew. DMA testing was performed on foam samples taken fiom a simulated PAL ramp panel. It was found that the smooth 44

rind on the foam facing the cable tray did significantly affect the properties of foam at the PAL ramp surface. The smooth rind increased the storage modulus E’ of the foam as much as 20- 40% over a temperature range of -145 to 95 C. Because of foam loss fiom the PAL ramp, future Shuttle flights were grounded indefinitely to allow further testing to better understand foam properties. The decision was also made to remove foam from the LH2 PAL, ramp. Other RTF efforts prior to the launch of Discovery included Author Thermal Protection; Space Shuttles; Foams; Composite Structures; Polyurethane Foam; Accident Investigation; Ablative Materials; Carbon-Carbon Composites; Thermal Analysis 20060048233 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-onFoam Insulation (SOFI) Kharkovsky, S.; Zoughi, R.; Hepburn, Frank L.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE), 30 Jul. - 4 Aug. 2006, Portland, OR, USA Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNM06AA08G; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only Space Shuttle Columbia’s catastrophic failure has been attributed to a piece of spray-on-foam insulation (SOFI) that was dislodged from the external tank (ET) and struck the leading edge of the left wing. A piece of SOFI was also dislodged in the Space Shuttle Discovery’s flight in 2005 and recently a crack was detected in its ET foam prior to its successful launch. Millimeter wave nondestructive testing methods have been considered as potential effective inspection tools for evaluating the integrity of the SOFI. Recently, in a specific investigation into the potential of these methods for detecting vertical cracks in SOFI was explored using a focused millimeter wave reflectometer at 150 GHz. The results showed the capability of these methods for detecting tight vertical cracks (also as a function of crack opening dimension) in exposed SOFI panels and while covered by a piece of SOFI ramp simulating a more realistic and challenging situation. Some crack-like anomalies were also detected in a blind SOFI panel. This paper presents the background for these techniques as well as representative images of the vertical crack in the SOFI panel, crack-like anomalies in the blind panel and a discussion of the practical attributes of these inspection methods. Author Detection; External Tanks; Foams; Cracks; Space Shuttles; Nondestructive Tests; Leading Edges; Inspection 20060048272 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Space Shuttle Overview McNutt, Leslie; [2006]; 19 pp.; In English; Space Shuttle Overview, 13 Jul. 2006, Birmingham, AL, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048272; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Many students are not even aware of the many activities related to the US Space Program. The intent of this presentation is to introduce students to the world of space exploration and encourage them to pursue math, science, and engineering careers. If this is not their particular interest, I want to encourage them to pursue their dream. Author Space Shuttles; General Overviews; NASA Space Programs; Space Exploration 20060050052 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Demonstrations Lindenmoyer, Allan; September 20, 2006; 14 pp.; In English; Multilateral Medical Operations Panel, 30 Oct. - 3 Nov. 2006, Cologne, Germany; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050052; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy U.S. space policy directs pursuit of commercial opportunities for providing transportation and other services low Earth orbit and beyond. COTS Project established to implement policy. COTS strategy: Phase 1) Assist industry with system development/demonstrations (COTS Demos); Phase 2) Procure commercial services for ISS logistics support. COTS Demonstrations competition completed in 10 months. Two industry partners selected for funded Space Act Agreements: 1) SpaceX & Rocketplane-Kistler; and 2) Unfunded Space Act Agreements in work with other competitors. COTS budget of $500 M thru 2010, with pay for performance milestone approach. Cargo flight demonstrations planned for 2008 and 2009: Crew flight demonstration options for 2011-2012. Commercial cargo transportation services potentially available as early as 45

2009-2010. Successful COTS partners may open new space markets and provide reliable, cost effective cargo and crew transportation services, a new era for commercial space. Derived from text Space Commercialization; Orbital Servicing; Low Earth Orbits; Flight Tests; Cost Effectiveness; Logistics Management; Transportation

17 SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS, COMMAND AND TRACKING Includes space systems telemetry; space communications networks; astronavigation and guidance; and spacecraft radio blackout. For related information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; and 32 Communications and Radar.

20060048706 Air Univ., Maxwell AFB, AL USA GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space Beidleman, Scott W; May 2006; 89 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453360; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453360; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This study investigates Europe’s motives to develop the independent satellite navigation system known as Galileo despite the existence of America’s successful global positioning system (GPS). The study begins by analyzing both systems to familiarize the reader with global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and to provide an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of GPS and Galileo, as well as the systems similarities and differences. Although the two systems have different founding principles, they employ similar infrastructures and operational concepts. In the short term, Galileo will provide better accuracy for civilian users until GPS upgrades take effect. But performance is only part of the rationale. The author contends that Europe’s pursuit of Galileo is driven by a combination of reasons, including performance, independence, and economic incentive. With Galileo, Europe hopes to achieve political, security, and technological independence from the USA. Additionally, Europe envisions overcoming the US monopoly on GNSS by seizing a sizable share of the expanding GNSS market and setting a new world standard for satellite navigation. Finally, the author explores Galileo’s impact on the USA and reviews US policy towards Galileo. The study concludes with recommendations to strengthen the competitiveness of GPS. GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space was originally written as a master’s thesis for the Air University’s School of Advanced Air and Space Studies (SAASS) at Maxwell AFB, Alabama, in June 2004. The College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research and Education (CADRE) is pleased to publish this SAASS research as a CADRE Paper and thereby make it available to a wider audience within the US Air Force and beyond. DTIC Balancing; Europe; Galileo Spacecraft; Global Positioning System; Positioning; Space Navigation; United States 20060050160 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strategies for Large DSN Arrays Jones, Dayton L.; March 5, 2005; 6 pp.; In English; IEEE Aerospace Conference, 5-12 Mar. 2005, Big Sky, MT, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39698; Avail.: Other Sources The NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) is studying arrays of large numbers of small, mass-produced radio antennas as a cost-effective way to increase downlink sensitivity and data rates for future missions. An important issue for the operation of large arrays is the accuracy with which signals from hundreds of small antennas can be combined. This is particularly true at Ka band (32 GHz) where atmospheric phase variations can be large and rapidly changing. A number of algorithms exist to correct the phases of signals from individual antennas in the case where a spacecraft signal provides a useful signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on time scales shorter than the atmospheric coherence time. However, for very weak spacecraft signals it will be necessary to rely on background natural radio sources to maintain array phasing. Very weak signals could result from a spacecraft emergency or by design, such as direct-to-Earth data transmissions from distant planetary atmospheric or surface probes using only low gain antennas. This paper considers the parameter space where external real-time phase calibration will be necessary, and what this requires in terms of array configuration and signal processing. The inherent limitations of this technique are also discussed. Author Deep Space Network; Radio Antennas; Antenna Arrays; Calibrating; Spacecraft Tracking 46

18 SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE Includes satellites; space platforms; space stations; spacecraft systems and components such as thermal and environmental controls; and spacecraft control and stability characteristics. For life support systems see 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support. For related information see also 05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance; 39 Structural Mechanics; and 16 Space Transportation and Safety.

20060048274 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Vehicles Story, George; Arves, Joe; [2006]; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Hybrid Rocket powered vehicles have had a limited number of flights. Most recently in 2004, Scaled Composites had a successful orbital trajectory that put a private vehicle twice to over 62 miles high, the edge of space to win the X-Prize. This endeavor man rates a hybrid system. Hybrids have also been used in a number of one time launch attempts - SET-1, HYSR, HPDP. Hybrids have also been developed for use and flown in target drones. This chapter discusses various flight-test programs that have been conducted, hybrid vehicles that are in development, other hybrid vehicles that have been proposed and some strap-on applications have also been examined. Derived from text Flight Tests; Sounding Rockets; NASA Space Programs; Hybrid Propellant Rocket Engines; Launch Vehicle Configurations 20060048506 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools Wilson, John W.; ONeill, P. M.; Zang, Thomas A., Jr.; Pandolf, John E.; Koontz, Steven L.; Boeder, P.; Reddell, B.; Pankop, C.; [2006]; 13 pp.; In English; 2006 MAPLD International Conference - 9th Annual Military and Aerospace Programmable Logic Device (MAPLD)International Conference, 26-28 Sep. 2006, Washington, DC, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 549-02-07-01; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048506; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy It is well known that electronics placement in large-scale human-rated systems provides opportunity to optimize electronics shielding through materials choice and geometric arrangement. For example, several hundred single event upsets (SEUs) occur within the Shuttle avionic computers during a typical mission. An order of magnitude larger SEU rate would occur without careful placement in the Shuttle design. These results used basic physics models (linear energy transfer (LET), track structure, Auger recombination) combined with limited SEU cross section measurements allowing accurate evaluation of target fragment contributions to Shuttle avionics memory upsets. Electronics shielding design on human-rated systems provides opportunity to minimize radiation impact on critical and non-critical electronic systems. Implementation of shielding design tools requires adequate methods for evaluation of design layouts, guiding qualification testing, and an adequate follow-up on final design evaluation including results from a systems/device testing program tailored to meet design requirements. Author Electronics; Reliability Analysis; Spacecraft Design; Avionics; Spacecraft Shielding 20060048512 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies September 2004; In English; 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies, 14-16 Sept. 2004, Washington, DC, USA; See also 20060048513 - 20060048559; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): NASA/CP-2005-212781; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: C01, CD-ROM Topics discussed include: The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission"; First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Nulling; Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit; SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation; A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Interferometry; Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector; SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for High-Energy Astrophysics; High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN; Close Formation Flight of Micro-Satellites for SAR Interferometry; Station-Keeping Requirements for Astronomical Imaging with Constellations of Free-Flying Collectors; Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites; Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission; Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using the Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor; Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying; 47

Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Formation Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Cross-Coupling; Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF) System Design, Mission Capabilities, and Testbed Development; Navigation Algorithms for Formation Flying Missions; Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission; Semimajor Axis Estimation Strategies; Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receivers; Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Relative Motion; Conservative Analytical Collision Probabilities for Orbital Formation Flying; Equations of Motion and Stability of Two Spacecraft in Formation at the Earth/Moon Triangular Libration Points; Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and Non-Natural Ares; An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer; GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for Formation Flying Spacecraft; GNC System Design for a New Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope; GNC System for the Deployment and Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Interferometer; Formation Algorithm and Simulation Testbed; and PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench. Derived from text Formation Flying; Attitude Control; Cross Coupling; Dynamic Control; Earth Orbits; Eccentric Orbits; Global Positioning System; Spacecraft Control; Motion Stability 20060048514 Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI, USA Static Formation Control Using Interspacecraft Coulomb Forces Parker, Gordon G.; Passerello, Chris E.; Schaub, Hanspeter; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 8 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document A pair of charged bodies exerts equal and opposite Coulomb forces on each other that are proportional to the square of their charge and inversely proportional to the square of their separation distance. Exploiting these forces, for the purpose of spacecraft formation flying, has been the focus of several recent studies. This paper presents a sequential control strategy for arranging N charged bodies into an arbitrary geometry using N+3 participating bodies. The approach overcomes two challenging aspects of Coulomb force control: (1) the Coulomb force coupling, and (2) inadmissable control solutions arising from the square force nonlinearity. A simulation example is included that illustrates the three-dimensional repositioning of a single charge body. All bodies are assumed to be on inter-planetary trajectories where the orbital mechanics can be neglected and the Coulomb attraction is the dominant force. Author Formation Flying; Sequential Control; Orbital Mechanics; Trajectories 20060048516 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation Abel, Tom; Allen, Ron; Benford, Dominic; Blain, Andrew; Bombardelli, Claudio; Calzetti, Daniela; DiPirro, Michael J.; Ehrenfreund, Pascale; Evans, Neal; Fischer, Jackie, et al.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 21 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document A viewgraph presentation describing the Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure (SPECS) mission is shown. The topics include: 1) Context: community planning and study status; 2) Science goals; 3) Mission requirements; 4) Mission concepts for SPIRIT and SPECS; and 5) Tethered formation flying, a key enabling technology. CASI Far Infrared Radiation; Interferometers; NASA Space Programs; Aerospace Sciences; Submillimeter Waves; Cosmology; Kilometric Waves 20060048517 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions Tien, Jeffrey Y.; Purcell, George H., Jr.; Srinivasan, Jeffrey M.; Young, Lawrence E.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 14 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document 48

The Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) pre-project, an element of NASA s Origins program, is currently developing two architectures for a mission to search for earth-like planets around nearby stars. One of the architectures being developed is the Formation Flying Interferometer (FFI). The FFI is envisioned to consist of up to seven spacecraft (as many as six ‘collectors’ with IR telescopes, and a ‘combiner’) flying in precise formation within +/-1 cm of pre-determined trajectories for synchronized observations. The spacecraft-to-spacecraft separations are variable between 20 m and 100 m or more during observations to support various configurations of the interferometer in the planet-finding mode. The challenges involved with TPF autonomous operations, ranging from formation acquisition and formation maneuvering to high precision formation control during science observations, are unprecedented. In this paper we discuss the development of the formation acquisition sensor, which uses novel modulation and duplexing schemes to enable fast signal acquisition, multiple-spacecraft operation, and mitigation of inherent jamming conditions, while providing precise formation sensing and integrated radar capability. This approach performs delay synthesis and carrier cycle ambiguity resolution to improve range measurement, and uses differential carrier cycle ambiguity resolution to make precise bearing angle measurements without calibration maneuvers. Author Formation Flying; Detection; Interferometers; Maneuvers; Rangefinding; Autonomy; Calibrating; Duplexers 20060048520 Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Webling, Germany Close Formation Flight of Micro-Satellites for SAR Interferometry Fiedler, H.; Krieger, G.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 9 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Synthetic aperture radar interferometry is a powerful technique for deriving highly accurate digital elevation models on a global scale. To keep costs low, receive only satellites have been proposed to fly in close formation with an illuminating radar satellite. A new formation, called Trinodal Pendulum, is introduced and described in detail. Results of a performance estimation, flight dynamics analysis, and safety investigation are presented adopting this formation to the planned TerraSAR-L satellite. It is shown, that a global DEM according to the HRTI level 3 standard can be derived within less than 1 years. Author Synthetic Aperture Radar; Interferometry; Digital Elevation Models; Performance Prediction; Illuminating; Aerodynamics; Pendulums 20060048521 Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and Non-Natural Arcs Howell, K. C.; Marchand, B. G.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 50 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC5-727; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Space based observatory and interferometry missions, such as Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF), Stellar Imager, and MAXIM, have sparked great interest in multi-spacecraft formation flight in the vicinity of the Sun-Earth/Moon (SEM) libration points. The initial phase of this research considered the formation keeping problem from the perspective of continuous control as applied to non-natural formations. In the present study, closer inspection of the flow, corresponding to the stable and center manifolds near the reference orbit, reveals some interesting natural relative motions as well as some discrete control strategies for deployment. A hybrid control strategy is also employed that combines both the natural formation dynamics with non-natural motions via input feedback linearization techniques. Author Librational Motion; Dynamic Models; Earth-Moon System; Terrestrial Planets; Formation Flying; Arcs 20060048522 Alcatel Space Industries, Cannes la Bocca, France Accurate Formation Flying Design and Validation for the Darwin Precursor Demonstration Mission Pirson, Laurent; Charbonnel, Catherine; Udrea, Bogdan; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 10 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The implementation of a formation flying concept is being considered by ESA for the Darwin space interferometer mission, scheduled for 2014. In order to prepare this mission, some studies are led to demonstrate the feasibility of the global 49

project. One of the critical points is the metrology chain and the GNC system that must be developed to answer to the constraining requirements imposed by the formation flying. The considered precursor mission aims at elaborating a full GNC system, including avionics fault tolerant architecture. The mission is composed of one interferometric arm (two telescope flyers and one hub combiner). A system study has first determined the constraints on the GNC subsystem, then proposed a set of metrology equipment. Using these inputs an original GNC architecture has been developed. It has been corrected and validated thanks to a comprehensive matlab simulation tool. The last step of the validation procedure is its implementation on a real-time testbench. Author Formation Flying; Interferometers; Space Missions; Avionics; Metrology 20060048523 Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench Molina, Miguel Angel; Carrascosa, Carmelo; Colmenarejo, Pablo; Gandia, Fernando; Barrena, Valentin; Garcia-Casas, Alberto; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 13 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Formation flying and RvD are very specific spatial scenarios that will play a predominant role in the close future scientific missions (planetary detection through telescope interferometry or planetary exploration through sample return missions respectively). Many efforts are currently being invested in the development of GNC techniques and new sensors for these scenarios. In parallel, there is an increasing need of on-ground testing and validating the new techniques and sensors before affording a flight demo mission. PLATFORM is a ground test bench being developed by GMV and devoted to the testing and validation of such features with the main particularity of providing real controlled motion generation of spacecraft mock-ups through the use of a high-accuracy robotic arm and the use of real sensors under quasi-real physical configuration. This paper describes the elements of the test bench and affords the problematic of the setting up and exploitation requirements of the PLATFORM test bench. Author Formation Flying; Robotics; Rendezvous Spacecraft; Spacecraft Docking; Test Facilities 20060048526 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD, USA Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Formation Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Cross-Coupling Sanner, Robert M.; Proffen, Daniel K.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 15 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document This paper presents a method for making the Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) formation control framework robust to perturbations in the motions of individual spacecraft. Such perturbations may arise from unexpected environmental disturbances, or from partial failures of the navigation or propulsion system of a spacecraft. The new method is equivalent to stably attaching virtual springs connecting each of the formation members. This serves to distribute the impact of disturbances over all the spacecraft in a manner which preserves the overall formation shape. A simulation using the tetrahedral formation of the proposed Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission is used to illustrate application of the new technique. Author Natural Satellites; Rigid Structures; Altitude Control; Navigation; Cross Coupling; Multimission Modular Spacecraft 20060048527 EADS Astrium Ltd., Toulouse, France High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN Calvel, Bertrand; Cabeza, Isabel; Cabral, Alexander; Rebordao, Jose; Manske, Eberhard; Sesselmann, Rainer; Sodnik, Zoran; Verlaan, Ad; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 10 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The ESA DARWIN project uses a set of telescopes based on free flying satellites and operated in formation as an aperture synthesis system. During science formation flying the relative position of all these satellites has to be maintained with a very high accuracy. This is only possible with the help of a very high precision metrology system. We present here in a first part the requirements for the optical metrology of DARWIN and the proposed definition of the metrology systems needed to answer these requirements. In the second part we present the design of the various systems. Eventually we give the results 50

of the performance tests of breadboards that have been manufactured in the framework of the ESA study ‘High Precision Optical Metrology’ to validate these designs. The proposed metrology systems can also be used in other formation flying missions such as two satellites X ray telescopes etc. Author Formation Flying; Performance Tests; Synthetic Apertures; Systems Engineering; Metrology 20060048528 Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for High-Energy Astrophysics Mission Duchon, Paul; Delpech, Michel; Fourcade, Jean; Gonzalez, Francois; Hinglais, Emmanuel; Mercier, Karine; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 13 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Today, new concepts and recent technologies allow considering future mission based on Formation Flying. In this context, the present study has been managed and implemented in CNES Toulouse*. This work represents one of the first CNES study in the field of ‘Formation Flying Missions & Technologies’. SIMBOL-X is a ‘hard X-ray’ mission covering the ‘0.5 - 70 keV’ range, which is proposed by a consortium of European laboratories for a launch at the beginning of the next decade1. SIMBOL-X will improve X-ray space telescope performances increasing its focal length with an objective of 30m between the ‘Mirror Spacecraft’ and the ‘Detector Spacecraft’ in formation flying to compare with 7.5m - XMM telescope focal length. This paper presents preliminary study results concerning this new space system concept. Author Formation Flying; Astrophysics; Spaceborne Telescopes 20060048530 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Wessling, Germany A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Interferometry Gill, Eberhard; Runge, Hartmut; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has evolved into a mature technology over the past two decades. In the field of interferometric SAR (InSAR) applications, along-track SAR interferometry is of particular scientific interest, since it allows to resolve the velocity of on-ground objects and ocean currents. The accuracy of the velocity resolution on ground scales directly with the along-track separation between adjacent SAR antennas. Therefore, a distributed sensor concept to be implemented on a formation flying mission overcomes the limitations of a single space vehicle. This study establishes a scenario of tight formation flight for an along-track interferometry SAR mission in the L- and X-Band. To this end, the appropriate formation baselines as well as the absolute and relative orbit reconstruction requirements are derived from basic interferometric principles. A discussion of the potentials and drawbacks of inter-satellite navigation sensor types is presented along with the accuracy of state-of-the-art relative orbit reconstruction. Following a pre-selection of appropriate actuator types for formation acquisition and control, formation flying guidance and control considerations are presented and fuel consumption estimates are provided. Author Formation Flying; Navigation Instruments; Interferometry; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Superhigh Frequencies 20060048531 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector Oda, Mitsushige; Ueno, Hiroshi; Takeichi, Noboru; Yamamoto, Masayuki; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 6 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document There are various concepts for a solar-power satellite (SPS) that collects solar energy in space and sends the collected energy to Earth by microwave or some other means. However, most SPS concepts need a mechanical joint between the Sun-looking segment (mirrors or photovoltaic arrays) and the Earth-looking segments (microwave power transmission antenna). This mechanical joint will have poor reliability. This paper introduces an innovative SPS concept that does not use mechanical joints. The proposed SPS consists of three independent satellites, two primary mirrors and one SPS main body that is the energy conversion and transmission module. The main body is placed in geostationary Earth orbit. Two primary mirrors 51

are placed north and south of the main body. The primary mirrors use solar pressure as a lifting force. This solar pressure keeps the primary mirrors north and south of the SPS main body. Therefore, orbital plans call for two primary mirrors and a main body in parallel with each other. Author Solar Reflectors; Formation Flying; Solar Power Satellites; Solar Arrays; Geosynchronous Orbits; Photovoltaic Cells 20060048533 Polytechnic Univ., Brooklyn, NY, USA Spacecraft Formation Flying near Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Generation and Adaptive Full-State Feedback Control Wong, Hong; Kapila, Vikram; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 36 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NGT5-151; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document In this paper, we present a method for trajectory generation and adaptive full-state feedback control to facilitate spacecraft formation flying near the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point. Specifically, the dynamics of a spacecraft in the neighborhood of a Halo orbit reveals that there exist quasi-periodic orbits surrounding the Halo orbit. Thus, a spacecraft formation is created by placing a leader spacecraft on a desired Halo orbit and placing follower spacecraft on desired quasi-periodic orbits. To produce a formation maintenance controller, we first develop the nonlinear dynamics of a follower spacecraft relative to the leader spacecraft. We assume that the leader spacecraft is on a desired Halo orbit trajectory and the follower spacecraft is to track a desired quasi-periodic orbit surrounding the Halo orbit. Then, we design an adaptive, full-state feedback position tracking controller for the follower spacecraft providing an adaptive compensation for the unknown mass of the follower spacecraft. The proposed control law is simulated for the case of the leader and follower spacecraft pair and is shown to yield global, asymptotic convergence of the relative position tracking errors. Author Feedback Control; Formation Flying; Trajectories; Halos; Orbits 20060048534 Texas Univ., Austin, TX, USA Navigation Algorithms for Formation Flying Missions Huxel, Paul J.; Bishop, Robert H.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NRA-03-GSFC/AETD-01; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The objective of the investigations is to develop navigation algorithms to support formation flying missions. In particular, we examine the advantages and concerns associated with the use of combinations of inertial and relative measurements, as well as address observability issues. In our analysis we consider the interaction between measurement types, update frequencies, and trajectory geometry and their cumulative impact on observability. Furthermore, we investigate how relative measurements affect inertial navigation in terms of algorithm performance. Author Algorithms; Formation Flying; Inertial Navigation 20060048535 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission Luquette, Richard J.; Leitner, Jesse; Gendreau, Keith; Sanner, Robert M.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 9 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Over the next twenty years, a wave of change is occurring in the space-based scientific remote sensing community. While the fundamental limits in the spatial and angular resolution achievable in spacecraft have been reached, based on today s technology, an expansive new technology base has appeared over the past decade in the area of Distributed Space Systems (DSS). A key subset of the DSS technology area is that which covers precision formation flying of space vehicles. Through precision formation flying, the baselines, previously defined by the largest monolithic structure which could fit in the largest 52

launch vehicle fairing, are now virtually unlimited. Several missions including the Micro-Arcsecond X-ray Imaging Mission (MAXIM), and the Stellar Imager will drive the formation flying challenges to achieve unprecedented baselines for high resolution, extended-scene, interferometry in the ultraviolet and X-ray regimes. This paper focuses on establishing the feasibility for the formation control of the MAXIM mission. MAXIM formation flying requirements are on the order of microns, while Stellar Imager mission requirements are on the order of nanometers. This paper specifically addresses: (1) high-level science requirements for these missions and how they evolve into engineering requirements; and (2) the development of linearized equations of relative motion for a formation operating in an n-body gravitational field. Linearized equations of motion provide the ground work for linear formation control designs. Author Formation Flying; Interferometry; Spatial Resolution; Angular Resolution; Remote Sensing; Mission Planning 20060048537 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA, USA GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for Formation Flying Spacecraft Breger, Louis; How, Jonathan P.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512 Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC5-729; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Formation flying is an enabling technology for many future space missions. This paper presents extensions to the equations of relative motion expressed in Keplerian orbital elements, including new initialization techniques for general formation configurations. A new linear time-varying form of the equations of relative motion is developed from Gauss Variational Equations and used in a model predictive controller. The linearizing assumptions for these equations are shown to be consistent with typical formation flying scenarios. Several linear, convex initialization techniques are presented, as well as a general, decentralized method for coordinating a tetrahedral formation using differential orbital elements. Control methods are validated using a commercial numerical propagator. Author Formation Flying; Space Missions; Spacecraft Design; Technology Utilization; Variational Principles 20060048538 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA, USA Semimajor Axis Estimation Strategies How, Jonathan P.; Alfriend, Kyle T.; Breger, Louis; Mitchell, Megan; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 9 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512 Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC5-729; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document This paper extends previous analysis on the impact of sensing noise for the navigation and control aspects of formation flying spacecraft. We analyze the use of Carrier-phase Differential GPS (CDGPS) in relative navigation filters, with a particular focus on the filter correlation coefficient. This work was motivated by previous publications which suggested that a ‘good’ navigation filter would have a strong correlation (i.e., coefficient near -1) to reduce the semimajor axis (SMA) error, and therefore, the overall fuel use. However, practical experience with CDGPS-based filters has shown this strong correlation seldom occurs (typical correlations approx. -0.1), even when the estimation accuracies are very good. We derive an analytic estimate of the filter correlation coefficient and demonstrate that, for the process and sensor noises levels expected with CDGPS, the expected value will be very low. It is also demonstrated that this correlation can be improved by increasing the time step of the discrete Kalman filter, but since the balance condition is not satisfied, the SMA error also increases. These observations are verified with several linear simulations. The combination of these simulations and analysis provide new insights on the crucial role of the process noise in determining the semimajor axis knowledge. Author Formation Flying; Global Positioning System; Guidance (Motion); Navigation; Correlation Coeffıcients; Detection; Errors 20060048539 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer Scharf, Daniel P.; Hadaegh, Fred Y.; Rahman, Zahidul H.; Shields, Joel F.; Singh, Gurkipal; Wette, Matthew R.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document 53

The Terrestrial Planet Finder formation flying Interferometer (TPF-I) will be a five-spacecraft, precision formation operating near the second Sun-Earth Lagrange point. As part of technology development for TPF-I, a formation and attitude control system (FACS) is being developed that achieves the precision and functionality needed for the TPF-I formation and that will be demonstrated in a distributed, real-time simulation environment. In this paper we present an overview of FACS and discuss in detail its formation estimation, guidance and control architectures and algorithms. Since FACS is currently being integrated into a high-fidelity simulation environment, component simulations demonstrating algorithm performance are presented. Author Attitude Control; Interferometers; Terrestrial Planets; Formation Flying; Computerized Simulation

20060048540 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO, USA Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Relative Motion Lane, Christopher; Axelrad, Penina; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 21 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC5-721; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Geometrical methods for formation flying design based on the analytical solution to Hill’s equations have been previously developed and used to specify desired relative motions in near circular orbits. By generating relationships between the vehicles that are intuitive, these approaches offer valuable insight into the relative motion and allow for the rapid design of satellite configurations to achieve mission specific requirements, such as vehicle separation at perigee or apogee, minimum separation, or a specific geometrical shape. Furthermore, the results obtained using geometrical approaches can be used to better constrain numerical optimization methods; allowing those methods to converge to optimal satellite configurations faster. This paper presents a set of geometrical relationships for formations in eccentric orbits, where Hill.s equations are not valid, and shows how these relationships can be used to investigate formation designs and how they evolve with time. Author Eccentric Orbits; Equations of Motion; Formation Flying; Linear Equations; Geometry; Numerical Analysis

20060048541 Alcatel Space Industries, Cannes la Bocca, France First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling Leyre, Xavier; Thomas, Eric; Barillot, Marc; Charbonnels, Catherine; Cassaing, Frederic; Rousset, Gerard; Leter, Alain; Ollivier, Marc; Rouan, Daniel; Schneider, Jean, et al.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 9 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document A scientific consortium (12 organisations) led by the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale has defined a innovative and world leading mission named Pegasus with high scientific returns including : spectral characterisation of hot Jupiters (Pegasides) allowing to derive radius/mass ratio, atmospheric chemical composition, atmospheric spectroscopy of brown dwarfs allowing to constraint effective temperature, radius, composition and atmosphere structure, internal region of protoplanetary disks and disk-star interaction, directly linked to planetary formation mechanisms in implementing an on flight Bracewell nulling. In the framework of a CNES Call for Ideas for Formation Flying, Alcatel Space has studied the concept of such a formation-flying mission based on the existing platforms : PROTEUS and Myriad ones. Alcatel took advantage of its combined experience both in platform, optical payloads, integrated optics and formation flying studies (Darwin Phase A study) to propose an innovative solution. The optimisation of the instrument cophasing has been performed by ONERA, based on its experience in the real-time control of high-resolution optical systems. This paper will present the main results of this feasibility study. Candidate designs will be described, for the interferometric optical payload and the cophasing concept (fine optical metrology between spacecraft and fringe sensing on the observation target). Performance evaluation of these subsystems shows that this simple pathfinder can achieve the very high accuracy required for this nulling demonstration and will be able to provide the high and innovative scientific return proposed. Derived from text Formation Flying; Pegasus Satellites; Astrophysics; Systems Engineering 54

20060048542 Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit Hashimoto, Tatsuaki; Yamakawa, Hiroshi; Kunieda, Hideyo; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa; Dotani, Tadayasu; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 6 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document A X-ray telescope which consists of a mirror spacecraft (MSC) and a detector spacecraft (DSC) has been planed in ESA as XEUS mission. Relative position between both spacecraft should be accurately controlled in order to point the telescope line-of-sight vector toward X-ray sources. The distance between spacecraft (focal length of the telescope) is 50 m and accuracy requirement is 1 mm. Original XEUS mission is performed in LEO because large MSC must be constructed in orbit utilizing ISS (International Space Station). Therefore, a lot of orbit maneuver is needed against natural orbital motion, and as a result, relatively large electric propulsion thruster, huge Xe fuel tank, and several tons of DSC is required. ISAS (currently a part of JAXA) plans to participate in XEUS mission, mainly on DSC. However, considering economical situation of JAXA, smaller mission is preferable and realistic. This paper describes the preliminary design of XEUS precursor mission in L2 Halo orbit, mainly focused on attitude and orbit control features. Author Formation Flying; Halos; X Ray Telescopes; Lagrange Coordinates; Earth-Moon System; Space Missions 20060048543 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA, USA SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Development and Validation Testbed: Current Progress and Beyond Kong, Edmund M.; Saenz-Otero, Alvar; Nolet, Simon; Berkovitz, Dustin S.; Miller, David W.; Sell, Steve W.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 13 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): JPL-1243444; NNG04CA49C; NNC04CA23C; F29601-97-K-0010/CLIN9; NCC2-1379; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The MIT-SSL SPHERES testbed provides a facility for the development of algorithms necessary for the success of Distributed Satellite Systems (DSS). The initial development contemplated formation flight and docking control algorithms; SPHERES now supports the study of metrology, control, autonomy, artificial intelligence, and communications algorithms and their effects on DSS projects. To support this wide range of topics, the SPHERES design contemplated the need to support multiple researchers, as echoed from both the hardware and software designs. The SPHERES operational plan further facilitates the development of algorithms by multiple researchers, while the operational locations incrementally increase the ability of the tests to operate in a representative environment. In this paper, an overview of the SPHERES testbed is first presented. The SPHERES testbed serves as a model of the design philosophies that allow for the various researches being carried out on such a facility. The implementation of these philosophies are further highlighted in the three different programs that are currently scheduled for testing onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and three that are proposed for a re-flight mission: Mass Property Identification, Autonomous Rendezvous and Docking, TPF Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flight in the first flight and Precision Optical Pointing, Tethered Formation Flight and Mars Orbit Sample Retrieval for the re-flight mission. Author Algorithms; Formation Flying; Test Stands; Satellite Design 20060048544 Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD, USA Station-Keeping Requirements for Astronomical Imaging with Constellations of Free-Flying Collectors Allen, Ronald J.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004, pp. 1-6; In English; See also 20060048512; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The requirements on station-keeping for constellations of free-flying collectors coupled as (future) imaging arrays in space for astrophysics applications are discussed. The typical knowledge precision required in the plane of the array depends on the angular size of the targets of interest; it is generally at a level of tens of centimeters for typical stellar targets, becoming of order centimeters only for the widest attainable fields of view. In the ‘piston’ direction, perpendicular to the array, the typical knowledge precision required depends on the bandwidth of the signal, and is at a level of tens of wavelengths for narrow approx. 1% signal bands, becoming of order one wavelength only for the broadest bandwidths expected to be useful. The significance of this result is that, at this level of precision, it may be possible to provide the necessary knowledge of array geometry without the use of signal photons, thereby allowing observations of faint targets. ‘Closure-phase’ imaging is a 55

technique which has been very successfully applied to surmount instabilities owing to equipment and to the atmosphere, and which appears to be directly applicable to space imaging arrays where station-keeping drifts play the same role as (slow) atmospheric and equipment instabilities. Author Photons; Stationkeeping; Free Flight; Accumulators; Constellations; Astrophysics 20060048545 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ Carpenter, K.; Danchi, W.; Leitner, J.; Liu, A.; Lyon, R.; Mazzuca, L.; Moe, R.; Chenette, D.; Schrijver, C.; Kilston, S., et al.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS8-39073; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The Stellar Imager (SI) is a Vision Mission in the Sun-Earth Connection (SEC) NASA Roadmap, conceived for the purpose of understanding the effects of stellar magnetic fields, the dynamos that generate them, and the internal structure and dynamics of the stars in which they exist. The ultimate goal is to achieve the best possible forecasting of solar/stellar activity and its impact on life in the Universe. The science goals of SI require an ultra-high angular resolution, at ultraviolet wavelengths, on the order of 100 micro-arcsec and baselines on the order of 0.5 km. These requirements call for a large, multi-spacecraft (greater than 20) imaging interferometer, utilizing precision formation flying in a stable environment, such as in a Lissajous orbit around the Sun-Earth L2 point. In this paper, we present an update on the ongoing SI mission concept and technology development studies. Author Solar Terrestrial Interactions; Sun; Imaging Techniques; Mission Planning 20060048546 Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using the Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor McLoughlin, Terence H.; Campbell, Mark; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 11 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-10440; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Recent advances in formation keeping for large numbers of spacecraft using the Autonomous Formation Flying are presented. This sensor, currently under development at JPL, has been identified as a key component in future formation flying spacecraft missions. The sensor provides accurate range and bearing measurements between pairs of spacecraft using GPS technology. Previous theoretical work by the authors has focused on developing a decentralized scheduling algorithm to control the tasking of such a sensor between the relative range and bearing measurements to each node in the formation. The resulting algorithm has been modified to include switching constraints in the sensor. This paper also presents a testbed for real time validation of a sixteen-node formation based on the Stellar Imager mission. Key aspects of the simulation include minimum fuel maneuvers based on free-body dynamics and a three body propagator for simulating the formation at L2. Author Formation Flying; Global Positioning System; Aerospace Vehicles; Rangefinding; Large Space Structures; Autonomy 20060048548 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA Conservative Analytical Collision Probabilities for Orbital Formation Flying Carpenter, J. Russell; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 9 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The literature offers a number of approximations for analytically and/or efficiently computing the probability of collision between two space objects. However, only one of these techniques is a completely analytical approximation that is suitable for use in the preliminary design phase, when it is more important to quickly analyze a large segment of the trade space than it is to precisely compute collision probabilities. Unfortunately, among the types of formations that one might consider, some combine a range of conditions for which this analytical method is less suitable. This work proposes a simple, conservative approximation that produces reasonable upper bounds on the collision probability in such conditions. Although its estimates 56

are much too conservative under other conditions, such conditions are typically well suited for use of the existing method. Author Collisions; Probability Theory; Approximation; Formation Flying 20060048549 Texas Univ., Austin, TX, USA Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receivers Lightsey, E. Glenn; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 52 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC5-688; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Satellite formation missions require the precise determination of both the position and attitude of multiple vehicles to achieve the desired objectives. In order to support the mission requirements for these applications, it is necessary to develop techniques for representing and controlling the attitude of formations of vehicles. A generalized method for representing the attitude of a formation of vehicles has been developed. The representation may be applied to both absolute and relative formation attitude control problems. The technique is able to accommodate formations of arbitrarily large number of vehicles. To demonstrate the formation attitude problem, the method is applied to the attitude determination of a simple leader-follower along-track orbit formation. A multiplicative extended Kalman filter is employed to estimate vehicle attitude. In a simulation study using GPS receivers as the attitude sensors, the relative attitude between vehicles in the formation is determined 3 times more accurately than the absolute attitude. Author Attitude Control; Global Positioning System; Mission Planning; Navigation Satellites; Kalman Filters 20060048552 Swedish Space Corp., Solna, Sweden Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO Berge, Sten E.; Bjoerk, Martin; Jakobsson, Bjoern; Bodin, Per; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 11 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document This paper addresses the mission analysis and implementation of a GNC strategy to maintain a three object formation around the apocentre of a GTO while releasing the formation around pericentre. Collision-risk is analyzed and a collision avoidance strategy is outlined. The method of calculating the impulsive orbit maneuvers around pericentre is developed. Onboard orbit determination and propagation are discussed. The chosen formation and attitude control laws are developed. The requirements on autonomy are discussed and the software architecture is described. The GNC strategy is implemented in Matlab/Simulink . The implementation follows guidelines for easy evolution into onboard software via automatic code generation. The spacecraft and environment simulator is also implemented in Matlab/Simulink and is described. Results of the simulations are presented and analyzed. Author Attitude Control; Collision Avoidance; Formation Flying; Orbit Determination; Maneuvers; Control Theory; Autonomy 20060048553 Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France An Overview of CNES Strategy and Activities on Formation Flying Seguela, Dominique; Bonneville, Richard; Attia, Sylvain; Bondiou-Clergerie, Anne; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 8 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The purpose of this paper is to report the current French Space Agency program within the area of Formation Flying. The paper will concentrate on the CNES global strategy for mastering the key technologies for Formation Flying missions, in parallel with the selection process of a candidate mission. The main action plan therefore includes (1) mission/system preliminary studies on candidate missions, (2) Research and Technology plan that includes development of RF and optical metrology for coarse and fine positioning, concepts for formation control, GNC, propulsion, etc, (3) design and development of a ground simulator. Author Formation Flying; Radio Frequencies; Positioning; Metrology 57

20060048554 Office National d’Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales, Toulouse, France Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Framework Gaulocher, Sebastian; Chretien, Jean-Pierre; Pittet, Christelle; Delpech, Michel; Alazard, Daniel; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document This paper is concerned with the closed-loop control of satellite formation dynamics for use in distributed spatial interferometry missions. The analysis rests upon the equations of relative motion in elliptic, earth-centered orbits (Lawden equations) subject to the orbital perturbation J2. The linear-fractional transformation (LFT) representation of this model allows the use of modern robust control techniques, such as H1 design, capable of taking into account performance, stability, and robustness criteria. In particular, the time-varying character of the underlying dynamical system can be managed. The results obtained indicate that precise relative position requirements can be fulfilled while curtailing fuel expenditure. In this respect, the control techniques presented can be considered an enabling technology for various formation flying missions. Author Control Systems Design; Feedback Control; Formation Flying; Satellite Design; Mathematical Models

20060048555 EADS Astrium Ltd., unknown Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation Flying Demonstration Teston, F.; Borde, J.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 32 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document A viewgraph presentation discussing the feasibility of a low cost PROBA 3 formation flying demonstration mission is shown. The topics include: 1) PROBA 3 programme context; 2) ESA top-level requirements; 3) Candidate target scientific missions; 4) PROBA 3 mission definition; 5) Mission phases; 6) GTO split in 4 orbital arcs; 7) Experiment phase around apocentre; 8) Sensors embarked on PROBA; 9) Space segment definition; 10) Satellites functional architecture; 11) Data Management; 12) Electrical and Power; 13) Space to Ground communications; 14) Attitude Control; 15) Propulsion; 16) Relative GPS; 17) RF metrology and performances; 18) R-GPS to RF metrology; 19) RF to optical metrology; 20) Optical metrology; 21) Optical metrology performances; 22) Mass budget; 23) Power budget; 24) Propulsion budget; 25) Telemetry budget; 26) Satellites layout; 27) Programmatics; and 28) Conclusion CASI Formation Flying; Feasibility Analysis; Autonomy; Orbit Determination

20060048556 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) Stoneking, Eric; Lyon, Richard G.; Sears, Edie; Lu, Victor; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Several space missions presently in the concept phase (e.g. Stellar Imager, Submillimeter Probe of Evolutionary Cosmic Structure, Terrestrial Planet Finder) plan to use multiple spacecraft flying in precise formation to synthesize unprecedently large aperture optical systems. These architectures present challenges to the attitude and position determination and control system; optical performance is directly coupled to spacecraft pointing with typical control requirements being on the scale of milliarcseconds and nanometers. To investigate control strategies, rejection of environmental disturbances, and sensor and actuator requirements, a capability is needed to model both the dynamical and optical behavior of such a distributed telescope system. This paper describes work ongoing at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center toward the integration of a set of optical analysis tools (Optical System Characterization and Analysis Research software, or OSCAR) with the Formation Flying Test Bed (FFTB). The resulting system is called the Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT), and it provides the capability to simulate closed-loop control of optical systems composed of elements mounted on multiple spacecraft. The attitude and translation spacecraft dynamics are simulated in the FFTB, including effects of the space environment (e.g. solar radiation pressure, differential orbital motion). The resulting optical configuration is then processed by OSCAR to determine an optical image. From this image, wavefront sensing (e.g. phase retrieval) techniques are being developed to derive attitude and position errors. These error signals will be fed back to the spacecraft control systems, completing the control loop. A 58

simple case study is presented to demonstrate the present capabilities of the tool. Author Attitude Control; Formation Flying; Feedback Control; Spacecraft Control; Telescopes; Controllability; Error Signals

20060048557 Canadian Space Agency, Saint Hubert, Quebec, Canada Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying Hu, Yan-Ru; Ng, Alfred; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 11 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document In this paper, a robust control scheme for multiple spacecraft in formation subjected to time-variant external disturbances in the space environment was developed. The proposed controller consists of two parts, the first part is for the nominal system without disturbances and the second part is to compensate for effects of system disturbances. A dynamics relative motion error model was established to design the second part of the controller and to analyze the stability of the closed-loop system. Furthermore, the robustness of proposed control method to the system disturbances is analyzed. It is proved that the relative motion error of multiple spacecraft in formation is uniformly ultimately bounded under the proposed controller for the assumed disturbances in the dynamics model. Author Control Systems Design; Feedback Control; Spacecraft Control; Spacecraft Motion; Robustness (Mathematics); Error Analysis

20060048558 Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits Endemano, Galder Bengoa; Zotes, Fernando Alonso; Yarnoz, Daniel Garcia; Graziano, Mariella; Beech, Theresa; Ortega, Guillermo; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 13 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document This paper describes the algorithms implemented in the FAMOVS2 simulator Tool. The software implements Rendezvous maneuver sequences both in circular and elliptical orbits, as well as optimizing launch ascent trajectories. Corrective maneuvers in circular orbits are also implemented to counteract perturbations. The tool simulates both attitude and orbital maneuvers using opportune sensors and actuators. Results for an example of the Mars Sample Return mission scenario and Rendezvous in Elliptical orbit are reported. Author Attitude (Inclination); Orbital Maneuvers; Actuators; Ascent Trajectories; Formation Flying; Perturbation; Sequencing; Orbital Rendezvous

20060048559 Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA Application of a Relative Motion Guidance Algorithm to Formation Reassignment Berryman, Johnathan F.; Lovell, T. Alan; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 30 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document In this paper a previously developed impulse maneuver algorithm for relative motion trajectory guidance is applied to a benchmark problem of interest. Namely, a formation flying scenario is investigated that involves reconfiguration of a satellite cluster when one or more members of the cluster fails. Desired configurations of the cluster both before and the failure are chosen, and the maneuver that will transfer the cluster between the configurations is calculated. The main objective is to determine the most fuel-efficient transfer trajectories, and to observe aspects of these trajectories. Author Algorithms; Formation Flying; Satellite Constellations; Trajectory Control 59

20060049096 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honeycomb Conical Seal Panel Zimmerman, Frank; Gentz, Steven J.; Miller, James B.; [2006]; 3 pp.; In English; 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049096; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy This paper describes the approach, findings, conclusions and recommendations associated with the investigation of the conical seal pitting. It documents the cause and contributing factors of the pitting, the means used to isolate each contributor, and the supporting evidence for the primary cause of the pitting. Finally, the selection, development and verification of the repair procedure used to restore the conical seal panel is described with supporting process and metallurgical rationale for selection. Derived from text Honeycomb Structures; Pitting; Space Shuttles; Seals (Stoppers)

20060050128 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle Prakash, Ravi; Braun, Robert D.; Colby, Luke S.; Francis, Scott R.; Guenduez, Mustafa E.; Flaherty, Kevin W.; Lafleur, Jarret M.; Wright, Henry S.; August 2006; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG1-02088; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Saturn s moon Titan promises insight into many key scientific questions, many of which can be investigated only by in situ exploration of the surface and atmosphere of the moon. This research presents a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) vehicle designed to conduct a scientific investigation of Titan s atmosphere, clouds, haze, surface, and any possible oceans. In this investigation, multiple options for vertical takeoff and horizontal mobility were considered. A helicopter was baselined because of its many advantages over other types of vehicles, namely access to hazardous terrain and the ability to perform low speed aerial surveys. Using a nuclear power source and the atmosphere of Titan, a turbo expander cycle produces the 1.9 kW required by the vehicle for flight and operations, allowing it to sustain a long range, long duration mission that could traverse the majority of Titan. Such a power source could increase the lifespan and quality of science for planetary aerial flight to an extent that the limiting factor for the mission life is not available power but the life of the mechanical parts. Therefore, the mission could potentially last for years. This design is the first to investigate the implications of this potentially revolutionary technology on a Titan aerial vehicle. Author Vertical Takeoff; Vertical Landing; Titan Atmosphere; Haze; Oceans

19 SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION AND ASTRIONICS Includes the design, manufacture, or use of devices for the purpose of measuring, detecting, controlling, computing, recording, or processing data related to the operation of space vehicles or platforms. For related information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation; for spaceborne instruments not integral to the vehicle itself see 35 Instrumentation and Photography; for spaceborne telescopes and other astronomical instruments see 89 Astronomy.

20060050174 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy Rabideau, Gregg; Tran, Daniel Q.; Chien, Steve; Cichy, Benjamin; Sherwood, Rob; Mandl, Dan; Frye, Stuart; Shulman, Seth; Szwaczkowski, Joseph; Boyer, Darrell; VanGaasbeck, Jim; [2006]; 7 pp.; In English; SMC-IT 2006, 17 Jul. 2006, Pasadena, CA, USA; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39689; Avail.: Other Sources Space mission operations are extremely labor and knowledge-intensive and are driven by the ground and flight systems. Inclusion of an autonomy capability can have dramatic effects on mission operations. We describe the past mission operations flow for the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) spacecraft as well as the more autonomous operations to which we transferred as part of the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE). Author Space Missions; Autonomy; Mission Planning; Low Earth Orbits; Aerospace Engineering; Earth Observations (From Space) 60

20 SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER Includes main propulsion systems and components, e.g., rocket engines; and spacecraft auxiliary power sources. For related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power, 28 Propellants and Fuels, 15 Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations, and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.

20060048167 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors Jones, Gregg; Protz, Christopher; Bullard, Brad; Hulka, James; [2006]; 11 pp.; In English; 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 10-13 Jul. 2005, Sacramento, CA, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC3-994 Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2006-5194; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy To support NASA’s Vision for Space Exploration mission, the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center conducted a program in 2005 to improve the capability to predict local thermal compatibility and heat transfer in liquid propellant rocket engine combustion devices. The ultimate objective was to predict and hence reduce the local peak heat flux due to injector design, resulting in a significant improvement in overall engine reliability and durability. Such analyses are applicable to combustion devices in booster, upper stage, and in-space engines with regeneratively cooled chamber walls, as well as in small thrust chambers with few elements in the injector. In this program, single and three-element injectors were hot-fire tested with liquid oxygen and gaseous hydrogen propellants at The Pennsylvania State University Cryogenic Combustor Laboratory from May to August 2005. Local heat fluxes were measured in a 1-inch internal diameter heat sink combustion chamber using Medtherm coaxial thermocouples and Gardon heat flux gauges, Injector configurations were tested with both shear coaxial elements and swirl coaxial elements. Both a straight and a scarfed single element swirl injector were tested. This paper includes general descriptions of the experimental hardware, instrumentation, and results of the hot-fire testing for three coaxial shear and swirl elements. Detailed geometry and test results the for shear coax elements has already been published. Detailed test result for the remaining 6 swirl coax element for the will be published in a future JANNAF presentation to provide well-defined data sets for development and model validation. Author Heat Flux; Injectors; Heat Transfer; Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines; Combustion; Cryogenics; Liquid Oxygen

20060048239 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion Markusic, T. E.; Polzin, K. A.; Stanojev, B. J.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; Joint Propulsion Conference, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only Operation of Hall thrusters with bismuth propellant has been shown to be a promising path toward high-power, high-performance, long-lifetime electric propulsion for spaceflight missions. For example, the VHITAL project aims td accurately, experimentally assess the performance characteristics of 10 kW-class bismuth-fed Hall thrusters - in order to validate earlier results and resuscitate a promising technology that has been relatively dormant for about two decades. A critical element of these tests will be the precise metering of propellant to the thruster, since performance cannot be accurately assessed without an accurate accounting of mass flow rate. Earlier work used a pre/post-test propellant weighing scheme that did not provide any real-time measurement of mass flow rate while the thruster was firing, and makes subsequent performance calculations difficult. The motivation of the present work was to develop a precision liquid bismuth Propellant Management System (PMS) that provides real-time propellant mass flow rate measurement and control, enabling accurate thruster performance measurements. Additionally, our approach emphasizes the development of new liquid metal flow control components and, hence, will establish a basis for the future development of components for application in spaceflight. The design of various critical components in a bismuth PMS are described - reservoir, electromagnetic pump, hotspot flow sensor, and automated control system. Particular emphasis is given to material selection and high-temperature sealing techniques. Open loop calibration test results are reported, which validate the systems capability to deliver bismuth at mass flow rates ranging from 10 to 100 mg/sec with an uncertainty of less than +/- 5%. Results of integrated vaporizer/liquid PMS tests demonstrate all of the necessary elements of a complete bismuth feed system for electric propulsion. Author Electric Propulsion; Hall Thrusters; Bismuth; Liquid Rocket Propellants; Performance Prediction; Mass Flow Rate; Real Time Operation; Flow Measurement 61

20060048519 Tokyo Univ., Japan The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using Super-Conducting Magnets Kaneda, Ryosuke; Yazaki, Fumito; Sakai, Shin-ichiro; Hashimoto, Tatsuaki; Saito, Hirobumi; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document For astronomical observing missions by formation flying satellites in LEO, satellites require propulsion to keep the relative position, against Keplerian orbit in inertia coordinate frame. Since satellites require propulsion systems, i.e. thrusters, but the use of thrusters to control the relative position limits the mission lifetime associated with the finite fuel supply. Thus the authors propose the formation flight control method using electromagnetic force. In this method, the electromagnetic force generated between super-conducting magnets on satellites are used for the relative position control. Since such large magnetic moment in earth magnetism generates large disturbance torque, the magnetic moments should be sinusoidal with shorter period than orbital period. Therefore, this paper proposes to control the relative position by changing the phase difference between magnetic moments. The relative position controller is designed with coefficient diagram method in this paper. Electrical circuit to change the phase of magnetic moment is also proposed. These methods are evaluated with simulations. Author Superconducting Magnets; Flight Control; Formation Flying; Phase Shift Circuits; Electromagnetic Propulsion; Inertia 20060048529 Swedish Space Corp., Solna, Sweden Spacecraft Platform for Advanced Formation Flying Persson, S.; Hellman, H.; Groenland, T.; Berge, S.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 11 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document This paper introduces the PRISMA microsat spacecraft platform, and demonstrates the applicability of the low cost solutions chosen on PRISMA for advanced formation flying. A model mission consisting of high precision formation flying and maneuver experiments demonstration in GTO is chosen. The implementation of 2 propulsion systems, one chemical propellant and one low thrust cold-gas system is discussed and conceptually implemented. A complete platform concept is shown and various trade-offs discussed. All subsystems are briefly described . Author Formation Flying; Space Platforms; Propulsion System Configurations; Propulsion System Performance; Low Thrust; Propellants 20060048536 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA, USA Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays Kwon, Daniel W.; Miller, David W.; Sedwick, Raymond J.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 14 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Traditional methods of actuating spacecraft in sparse aperture arrays use propellant as a reaction mass. For formation flying systems, propellant becomes a critical consumable which can be quickly exhausted while maintaining relative orientation. Additional problems posed by propellant include optical contamination, plume impingement, thermal emission, and vibration excitation. For these missions where control of relative degrees of freedom is important, we consider using a system of electromagnets, in concert with reaction wheels, to replace the consumables. Electromagnetic Formation Flight sparse apertures, powered by solar energy, are designed differently from traditional propulsion systems, which are based on V. This paper investigates the design of sparse apertures both inside and outside the Earth’s gravity field. Author Formation Flying; Propellants; Electromagnetic Propulsion; Propulsion System Configurations; Thermal Emission; Apertures 20060049582 Software and Engineering Associates, Inc., Carson City, NV USA Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) Naraghi, M H; Dunn, S; Coats, D; Jun 1, 2006; 19 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F04611-03-M-3015 Report No.(s): AD-A454591; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 62

Effectiveness of dual cooling to lower the maximum wall temperature of regeneratively cooled engines is the focus of this study. Two engines, the SSME and a RP1-LOX engine, are retrofitted with dual-circuits. It is shown that the maximum wall temperatures for both engines are substantially reduced while also lowering coolant pumping power. It is also shown that with RP1 as the coolant, the likelihood of coking is reduced with use of dual-circuits. DTIC Circuits; Cooling; Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines; Regenerative Cooling 20060049659 Air Force Research Lab., Edwards AFB, CA USA A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric Propulsion Plasma Plumes Spicer, Randy L; Wang, Joseph; Breida, Lubos; Jul 12, 2006; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-4847 Report No.(s): AD-A454716; AFRL-PR-ED-TP-2006-158; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy All numerical simulations have some inherent error associated with the results but minimizing the error may also maximize the processing time of the simulation. The particle collision model used for this paper is Monte Carlo Collisions. The results of the simulations were compared to a vacuum tank experiment conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The results were compared for simulations with and without collisions using different neutral densities and levels of complexity for particle collisions. The effect of particle collisions is evident in the results of the simulations. Increasing the neutral density of the simulation does not have a major impact on the results in the plume region. Outside the plume region the particle collisions can affect the results by an order of magnitude or greater. DTIC Electric Propulsion; Particle Collisions; Plasmas (Physics); Plumes 20060049678 Garvey Spacecraft Corp., Long Beach, CA USA RLV Flight Operations Demonstration with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle (PREPRINT) Garvey, John M; Besnard, Eric; Jun 1, 2006; 17 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA9300-05-M-3010; Proj-3005 Report No.(s): AD-A454751; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Actual flight-based test and evaluation of vertical take-off reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) has been dormant in the U.S. since the end of the SDIO/NASA/McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper - Experimental Advanced (DC-X/XA) project in 1996. A joint industry-academic team working under sponsorship from the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Propulsion Directorate took a small step in 2005 towards reinvigorating such RLV test and evaluation activities, using an early, low-fidelity prototype of the first stage for a proposed nanosat launch vehicle (NLV) that is sized to deliver up to 10 kg into low Earth orbit. This team developed the LOX/ethanol Prospector 7 (P-7) in only six months and then flew it twice in a period of 3.5 hours after just eighteen hours of field site preparations. This compares to the twenty-six hour turn-around benchmark achieved with the DC-XA at the White Sands Missile Range. The P-7 has since been employed on a third flight test and is now undergoing preparation for its fourth mission later this year. In addition to supporting NLV development, it is anticipated that the results and lessons learned from these demonstrations of responsive, rapid RLV turn-around operations could also prove to be of relevance to the Air Force’s ongoing investigations into hybrid launch vehicle concepts. DTIC Flight Operations; Launch Vehicles; Nanosatellites; Prototypes 23 CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS (GENERAL) Includes general research topics related to the composition, properties, structure, and use of chemical compounds and materials as they relate to aircraft, launch vehicles, and spacecraft. For specific topics in chemistry and materials see categories 25 through 29. For astrochemistry see category 90 Astrophysics.

20060048156 Savannah River National Lab., Aiken, SC, USA Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys Mickalonis, J. I.; Adams, T. M.; January 2005; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882767; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Palladium has been the membrane of choice for hydrogen purification and separation systems because of its high permeability and good mechanical characteristics. Other membrane technologies are being investigated because of the high 63

cost associated with palladium. The Nb-Ti-Ni and V-Ti-Ni alloys were evaluated for their permeability and oxidation characteristics. These alloys have showed some promise in comparison to palladium. Electrochemical testing was conducted in the Devanathan permeation cell and Greene-type electrochemical vessels. The vanadium-based and niobium-based alloys were found to have comparable permeation rates to palladium. The polarization and microstructural characteristics of the alloys were studied to characterize the oxidation and microstructure effects on hydrogen permeation. NTIS Electrochemical Oxidation; Electrochemistry; Hydrogen; Niobium Alloys; Palladium; Permeability; Permeating; Titanium Alloys; Vanadium Alloys 20060048157 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA Characteristic Electrochemical Noise During Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Permeation Edgemon, S. L.; Subramanian, K. H.; Mickalonis, J. J.; January 2005; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882765; WSRC-MS-2006-00006; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The Devanathan-Stachurski cell is used to measure hydrogen flux through a metal. The cell consists of galvanostatic cell in which hydrogen is generated on the specimen surface, and an oxidative cell in which the hydrogen oxidation current is measured to determine the hydrogen flux. Permeation has been measured through 304L stainless steel and vanadium alloys. Electrochemical noise analysis has been completed on the potential data collected on the galvanostatic cell specimen surface. The power spectral density using the fast fourier transform and the maximum entropy method have been calculated. The signatures of the power spectral density shown indicate trends in the hydrogen uptake of the materials dependent upon the surface condition including oxide permeability and palladium coating. NTIS Electrochemistry; Hydrogen; Permeating 20060048178 Savannah River National Lab., Aiken, SC, USA, Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA, Clemson Univ., SC USA From Sequential Extraction to Transport Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Contaminants Crapse, K. P.; Serkiz, S. M.; Pishko, A. L.; Kaplan, D. I.; January 2005; 18 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881531; WSRC-MS-2005-00320; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) To quantify metal natural attenuation processes in terms of environmental availability, sequential extraction experiments were carried out on subsurface soil samples impacted by a low pH, high sulfate, metals (Be, Ni, U, As) plume associated with the long-term operation of a coal plant at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Despite significant heterogeneity resulting both from natural and anthropogenic factors, sequential extraction results demonstrate that pH is a controlling factor in the prediction of the distribution of metal contaminants within the solid phases in soils at the site as well as the contaminant partitioning between the soil and the soil solution. Results for beryllium, the most mobile metal evaluated, exhibit increasing attenuation along the plume flow path which corresponds to an increasing plume pH. These laboratory-and field-scale studies provide mechanistic information regarding partitioning of metals of soils at the site (one of the major attenuation mechanisms for the metals at the field site). Subsequently, these data have been used in the definition of the contaminant source terms and contaminant transport factors in risk modeling for the site. NTIS Coal; Contaminants; Extraction; Plumes; Soils 20060048180 Savannah River National Lab., Aiken, SC, USA Rehological Characterization of Unusal DWPF Slurry Samples Koopman, D. C.; Sep. 2005; 78 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881514; WSRC-TR-2004-00519; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) This report, along with WSRC-TR-2004-00334, summarizes the findings of a program that simultaneously developed new rheological measurement methods for DWPF slurries and characterized a set of ordinary and unusual simulant slurry samples. Additional background information can be found in the other report. New measurement methods were developed and 64

documented in the other report. These new methods were applied to the unusual samples discussed in this report. NTIS Radioactive Wastes; Rheology; Slurries 20060048227 National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transplacental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in Utero Studies) Jun. 2006; 190 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-115448; NTP-TR-522; NIH/PUB-06-4458; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy 3N-Azido-3N-deoxythymidine (AZT) is the most widely used and evaluated chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and persons seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study in this report was conducted to obtain information on AZT transplacental carcinogenicity at doses that were lower than those used in previous NCI studies and analogous to therapeutic doses. Male and female Swiss (CD-1) mice were exposed to AZT (greater than 99% pure) during all of gestation. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes. NTIS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Azides (Inorganic); Azides (Organic); Carcinogens; Mice; Toxicology; Viruses 20060048606 National Steel and Shipbuilding Co., San Diego, CA USA Abatement of Marine Coatings Containing Heavy Metals De Quesada, Armando; Silveri, David; Bright, Tom; Jun 1995; 54 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453186; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453186; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy In early 1993, the Navy conducted testing at Norfolk Naval Shipyard to determine if personnel working with marine coatings containing lead, cadmium or chromium or other heavy metals were exposed to concentrations above the Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA) established permissible exposure limit (PEL). Based on these tests the Navy concluded that minute amounts of the heavy metals could result in exposures above the PEL. Additionally, the Navy concluded it could not predict exposure based on the concentration of the metal in The coating. In September 1993, four San Diego Master Ship Repair contractors commenced research, testing, and analysis to develop a Technical Document that outlines cost effective procedures to reduce exposure to lead, cadmium, chromium and other heavy metals while remaining compliant with OSHA and EPA Regulations. This project provides a comprehensive technical document the inexperienced and experienced contractor may use in the abatement of heavy metal containing marine coatings. Funding for this project was provided as a cooperative effort by The National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP) and by Continental Maritime of San Diego, Inc., National Steel and Shipbuilding Company, Pacific Ship Repair and Fabrication, Inc., and Southwest Marine, Inc. NSRP and these shipyards saw the need for shipyards to be proactive in the area of heavy metal coating systems abatement as current regulations were not ‘user friendly’ in shipboard applications. DTIC Coatings; Heavy Metals 20060048619 Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH USA Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Pigs Gunasekar, P G; McDougal, J N; Rogers, J V; Garrett, C M; Kabbur, M B; Brinkely, W W; Aug 2001; 36 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-96-9010; Proj-1710 Report No.(s): AD-A453214; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453214; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Organic solvents like xylene are recognized as skin irritants after dermal exposure. The molecular responses to organic solvents that result in acute irritation are not understood. In the present study, we compared and quantified the molecular responses of rat and guinea pigs skin to xylene irritation, since these species differ in their response to other chemicals. We also determined which animal model was more appropriate for predicting xylene-induced skin irritation. Animals were exposed to m-xylene (250 ul) on their shaved back for lhr using Hill Top Chambers. Zero, one, three and five hrs after the exposure, treated and sham treated skin samples (1g) were collected, homogenized with Tris buffer and measured for early markers of skin irritation. Western blot analysis revealed that IL-1 alpha protein levels increased 3-fold more in rats than in 65

guinea pigs within one hr after xylene exposure. In contract, iNOS protein induction was four-fold greater in guinea pigs that in rats. In rats, the changes in iNOS levels were comparable to the changes in IL-1 alpha levels but occurred two hours later. NO levels, determined by Griess reagent, were elevated four-fold within two hours after the beginning of the xylene exposure in rats. However, in guinea pigs, only a slight change of NO level was observed. immunohistochemical staining of skin sections using specific antibodies showed immunopositive cells for IL-1 alpha and iNOS. Both antibodies were more predominant in the epidermis of guinea pigs than rats. In addition, oxidant species formation (detected using DCF-DA) was increased over the controls by xylene exposure after 1 hour. As with oxidative species and other early molecular events, histology sections in the guinea pigs revealed more damage and cellular infiltration compared to rats. DTIC Exposure; Guinea Pigs; Irritation; Rats; Xylene

20060048626 Peterson Builders, Inc., Sturgeon Bay, WI USA A Purchasing Agent’s Guide to Buying Paints and Coatings Sfirri, Michael; Mar 1993; 45 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453223; NSRP-0379; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453223; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The process of procuring paints and coatings can represent one of the more challenging tasks presented to shipyard purchasing personnel. Standard purchasing principles apply to the procurement of paints and coatings, however, the unique nature of coatings as a commodity, the ever-changing environmental impact issues, and the wide-ranging impact on various groups within the shipyard all play significant roles in the determination of the best coating value for the shipyard. Evaluating proposed coatings on an equal basis is essential to coating selection process. Included in this effort is the need to compare cost on a cost per square foot basis (instead of cost per gallon), to incorporate the ancillary costs (in terms of additional material, equipment and labor) associated with the use of coatings into the evaluation, and to consider the impact and cost of environmental regulations during use and disposal of the coatings. The purchasing agent must utilize the input and expertise of a wide and varied cross-section of shipyard departments in determining the best coating value. This necessity places the purchasing group in the unique position of developing a crossfunctional communications network that can not only support the purchasing function, but can also improve the overall productivity and efficiency of the shipbuilding process. DTIC Coatings; Paints; Procurement

20060048650 Avondale Shipyards, Inc., New Orleans, LA USA The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coating Life Phase. Phase 2 Peart, John W; Sandor, Leslie W; Feb 1985; 40 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453257; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453257; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The test This report deals with the results. of Phase Two of a project entitled Effect of Edge Preparation on Coating Life . Phase Two consisted of a program developed on the basis of the results obtained during Phase One of the overall program. The variables tested in Phase Two included 1. 2. 3. 4. Flame Edge radius Coating system Application method Test method cut edges were used as control samples. Three different edge radii were selected and compared with the coating performance on flame cut or sharp edges. Originally there were four coating systems considered for this test program: two inorganic zinc systems (water-based and solvent-based), coal tar epoxy and polyamide epoxy. The water-based inorganic zinc was eliminated . because of its unsatisfactory adhesion to the steel substrate. The two coating application methods comprised hand brushing the edges followed by airless spraying the entire sample surface, and airless spraying only. Immersion pressure and salt spray testing constituted the two corrosion test methods. In all cases the test samples were sandblasted to SP-10 finish prior to the application of the paint systems. Chipping, blistering and rusting were the primary indications of coating failure. The best overall coating performance was obtained with samples having 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) edge radius coated with polyamide epoxy applied by airless spraying only. The edge performance of the coating systems decreased with an increase in edge sharpness. Flame cut edges are not recommended for applications which require equal coating performance with flat surfaces. DTIC Coating; Edges; Epoxy Resins; Protective Coatings 66

20060048680 Avondale Shipyards, Inc., New Orleans, LA USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Reduced Volume of Spent Abrasive in Open Air Blasting Hitzrot, William; Dec 1997; 68 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453310; NSRP-0499; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453310; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Shipyards have been blast cleaning ships for more than 50 years. The methodology is still basically the same but numerous improvements have taken place over the years. The purpose of this project is to look at current blast cleaning technology, review what is being done by U. S. shipyards and define a strategy that will not only reduce the amount of abrasive being used for blasting operations but also increase shipyard blast cleaning productivity. At the outset, four shipyards were visited and the blast cleaning operations at each yard reviewed. It became readily apparent at the conclusion of these shipyard visits that all four yards face similar problems in the area of blast cleaning; be it new construction or ship repair. The findings from these visits were as follows: * The major source of over consumption of abrasives is improper adjustment of the valves metering abrasive to the blast nozzle. The use of metering valves on all blast pots and the proper adjustment of these metering valves can reduce abrasive consumption by up to 30 percent. * Proper use and matching of air pressure, type of abrasive, hoses, nozzles can increase productivity and therefore reduce abrasive consumption. * Vacuum-blasting and/or power tool cleaning may offer an abrasive saving alternative in new construction during final erection and cleaning of master butt welds and abrasions. * Effective blaster training programs are lacking at most yards. There is a need for an effective blaster training program to instruct blast cleaning personnel on how to be more productive through proper use of equipment, air pressure and abrasive. The major findings noted above formed the basis for the project’s initial research program. This program was augmented with the study of abrasive recycling and the study of equipment improvements that would further contribute to reducing abrasive consumption. DTIC Abrasives; Marine Technology; Productivity; Ships 20060048683 Peterson Builders, Inc., Sturgeon Bay, WI USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of New Surface Preparation and Coating Repair Techniques in Ballast Tanks - Phase III Jul 1996; 48 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453313; NSRP-0471; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453313; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Ship ballast tanks represent corrosion control nightmares. Ballast tanks are one of the most costly areas in which to apply coatings in both new ship construction and ship maintenance. Being subjected to intermittent wet and dry cycles of aerated sea water places extreme demand on corrosion control methods. Harsh service environments are coupled with necessarily complex tank geometries, especially in Navy combatants where weight and hull designs dictate small, irregular tanks with difficult accessibility. This research project was formulated to investigate alternative, environmentally acceptable, cost effective corrosion control solutions for ships ballast tanks. The first project began in 1980 and was entitled ?%Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Versus Complete Coating in Tanks.’ A series of steel ballast tank mock-ups were constructed which duplicate tank geometries. The tanks are large enough to allow access for surface preparation and installation of the various corrosion control methods. Previous testing results are documented in NSKP Reports 0158, 0205, 0280, and 0332. DTIC Ballast (Mass); Coating; Coatings; Maintenance; Marine Technology; Ships; Tanks (Containers) 20060048687 Peterson Builders, Inc., Sturgeon Bay, WI USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Combined Abrasive Recycling and Containment - Final Report With Summary and Conclusions Boocock, Simon K; Harris, Joe; Appleman, Bernard R; Jan 1, 1998; 60 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453322; NSRP-0510; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453322; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This report describes how the NSRP Project 3-94-2, Combined Abrasive Recycling & Containment System, was conducted. The report includes brief descriptions of preliminary tasks involving information retrieval and the selection of a combined abrasive recycling and containment unit suited for shipyard use. The bulk of this report describes the construction of a prototype of the combined abrasive recycling and containment unit. The containment unit was evaluated at Atlantic Marine in Jacksonville, Florida. Details are given of the evaluation and analysis of results from this prototype demonstration. Based on the results of the demonstration, a redesign of the containment unit was developed that incorporates many 67

improvements. From several alternatives the research team selected a mini-enclosure containment system. It used a commercially available rigid space frame construction fitted with waste collection hoppers and aluminum gratings for the working platform. The enclosure gained access to the ship hull from a truck mounted lifting arm. The platform had a 12-foot reach and approximately 125-degree yaw capability. The containment membrane and seals were designed to create a class 1A containment (highest degree of emission control). This required an engineered ventilation system to provide adequate air movement within the enclosure. DTIC Abrasives; Containment; Marine Technology; Recycling; Ships 20060048921 Steel Structures Painting Council, Pittsburgh, PA USA National Shipbuilding Research Program. Performance Testing of Marine Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Procedures Appleman, Bernard R; Jun 1990; 95 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MA-81-FAC-10011 Report No.(s): AD-A453647; NSRP-0311; SSPC-90-92; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy Because of environmental and health restrictions on conventional marine coatings, there is an urgent need for reliable short-term procedures to evaluate performance and durability of coatings for ship tank exteriors and other exposed surfaces in marine environments. Currently used methods are considered inadequate. Long-term immersion or outdoor tests, though generally reliable, are much too time-consuming for today’s regulatory timetable. Commonly used accelerated test methods produce results in a short time frame (1-4 months) but have been shown to give poor reproducibility and poor predication of long-term service performance. Accordingly, the current project was undertaken by the National Shipbuilding Research Program, with the primary objective to develop test procedures that can better predict performance lifetime and susceptibility to early failures of marine coatings. DTIC Antifouling; Evaluation; Marine Technology; Performance Tests; Protective Coatings; Ships; System Effectiveness 20060048922 Litton Systems, Inc., Pascagoula, MS USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation Material for Shipboard Piping -- Non-Halogenated Polyphosphazene Foam Davis, O, J; Aug 1987; 11 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453649; NSRP-0281; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A flexible, fire retardant, chlorine-free polymer foam with applications to pipe insulation has been tested for ship producibility. The new material, Non-Halogenated Phosphazene (NHP) foam, is based on Phosphorus-Nitrogen linkages (Phosphazene) with non-halogenated organic groups attached to produce selected engineering properties. The material tested is flexible, fire retardant, and produces less toxic combustion products than conventional plastic pipe insulation material. Producibility tests have demonstrated the new material to be equivalent in handling characteristics to conventional material which uses PolyVinyl Chloride in its formulation. The use of the new pipe insulation offers a prospect of removing over 1,400 pounds of elemental Chlorine from some surface ships now in production. Removal of Chlorine is in keeping with the objective of producing ships with improved fire protection and safety. DTIC Conferences; Foams; Insulation; Marine Technology; Phosphazene; Pipes (Tubes); Ships; Toxicity 20060048923 Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Escherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Production of Organophosphorus Hydrolase Lukens, Dennis C; Rastogi, Vipin K; Cheng, Tu-c; DeFrank, Joseph J; Valdes, James J; Kim, Michael H; Nov 19, 2003; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453652; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Four 20-L scale batch fermentations in LB medium were performed to investigate time-dependent yields of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) in E. coli XL1 containing pVSEOP7. The specific OPH activity was monitored during each 20-L batch fermentation culture by assaying several times between the IPTG induction point (OD of 0.4 to 0.5 at 600 nm) and the cell harvest point (near-stationary phase of each 20-L batch culture). From the four 20-L batch fermentations, only the 20-L batch cultures with 1 mM of cobalt chloride added 3-hr prior to cell harvest resulted in a drastic increase in the 68

specific OPH activity (369 to 1809 U/mL). A similar strategy of 1 mM cobalt chloride addition was successfully used to obtain a 20.7 mg OPH per liter of culture at the 1000-L scale batch fermentation in LB, as compared to 5 to 10 mg/L in flask cultures. The specific OPH activity was shown to be stable through additional process time associated with downstream processing steps such as cell concentration by continuous disk centrifugation, cell paste preparation by bottle centrifugation, cell disruption by Microfluidizer homogenization, and lysed cell clarification by 0.22 m tangential flow microfiltration. DTIC Escherichia; Fermentation; Organic Phosphorus Compounds 20060048981 Operational Technologies Corp., Dayton, OH USA TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstration Field Sampling Report: Robins Air Force Base Warner-Robins GA Sterner, Teresa R; Merrill, Elaine A; Vermulen, Erik K; Jan 2000; 70 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAHA90-06-D-0014; Proj-7757 Report No.(s): AD-A453839; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Underground storage tank Site 70, Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, is part of a large aircraft refueling/defueling hydrant system. Site 70 was impacted by JP-4 and JP-8 jet fuels through spill, overflows and leaks dating back many years. This total pertoleum hydrocarbon (TPH) containmation has been identified and interim corrective action applied to remove free product from above the shallow groundwater table. Using limited site data and the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG or Working Group) approach for evaluation of weathered fuel spills, a Tier 1 Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) analysis demonstration was performed. Soils from the site were analyzed using the Direct Method recommended by the Working Group to characterize the fuel residuals present in terms of 13 total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) fractions. The TPH contamination present was composed predominantly of aliphatic equivalent carbon (EC) fractions \g EC8 to ECi6 with some \g EClO to ECi6 aromatics. The lowest average risk-based screening level (RBSL) calculated for the current commercial use scenario was approximately 9000 mgikg for the direct soil to skin contact pathway. For a futuristic residential scenario, the lowest average RBSL was about 3000 mgikg for the contaminant leaching to groundwater pathway. This demonstration, however, does not represent a complete site assessment as only soil contamination pathways were evaluated. DTIC Air Sampling; Hydrocarbons; Jet Engine Fuels 20060049222 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA On a Powder Consolidation Problem Gremaud, Pierre A; Kelley, C T; Royal, T A; Coffey, Kristy A; Jan 2000; 20 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-95-1-0419; DAAH04-96-1-0097 Report No.(s): AD-A453937; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453937; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The problem of the consolidation of an aerated fine powder under gravity is considered. The industrial relevance of the problem is discussed and a mathematical model is introduced. The mathematical structure is that of a coupled system for three unknowns pressure, stress and height of the powder in the (axisymmetric) bunker containing it. The system itself consists of a parabolic PDE, an ODE and an integral equation determining a free boundary corresponding to the height of the powder. Existence and uniqueness of a solution is established. A numerical method based on a formulation of the semidiscretized problem as an index 1 DAE is proposed and implemented. The feasibility of the approach is illustrated by computational results. DTIC Compacting; Consolidation; Mathematical Models; Powder (Particles) 20060049254 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Organophosphorus Compounds Glaude, P A; Curran, H J; Pitz, W J; Westbrook, C K; Aug 4, 2000; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W-7405-ENG-48 Report No.(s): AD-A454003; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454003; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The thermochemistry and kinetics of organophosphorus compounds were studied, with BAC-MP4 method estimations as a basis and PM3 semi-empirical estimations for many new compounds. New group additivity values were proposed for 69

enthalpies of formation at 298 K, and entropies and heat capacities of species involving pentavalent phosphorus bonded to carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms. The kinetic features of unimolecular elimination were investigated by modeling pyrolysis experiments of dimethyl ethyl phosphonate (DEMP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and di-isopropyl methyl phosphonate (DIMP). Rate constants were proposed for four- and six-center eliminations. A new combustion mechanism was developed in a systematic and comprehensive way and involved 41 phosphorus compounds in 202 reactions. All possible intermediates were taken into account. This reaction mechanism was applied to the modeling of H2/O2 flames doped with dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) and trimethyl phosphate (TMP), which are chemical warfare surrogates. The promoting effect of the agent and the species profiles were correctly reproduced. The decomposition reaction channels were studied; they included radical reactions and molecular eliminations. The cause of the increase of the reactivity of the flame was attributed to some radical combination cycles leading to an increase of heat release, which enhances the global reaction rate in spite of the radical concentration drop. DTIC Combustion; Organic Phosphorus Compounds 20060049269 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Drivers Rothberg, Paul F; Jan 25, 2005; 23 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454035; CRS-RL32740; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454035; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is gradually implementing Section 1012 of the USA PATRIOT Act (P.L. 107-56). This provision seeks to reduce some of the security risks associated with hazardous materials (hazmat) transportation by requiring a security threat assessment of drivers with a hazmat endorsement on their commercial drivers license (CDL). This process, which includes immigration and database checks, may deter a terrorist from obtaining or keeping such an endorsement; nevertheless, the hazmat transportation system remains vulnerable to attack. Members of Congress are overseeing implementation of TSA’s program, reviewing its financial impacts, and deciding whether to explicitly require in law a comparable review of Canadian- and Mexican-domiciled drivers transporting specified hazmats into the USA. During 2004, TSA screened 2.7 million drivers with a hazmat endorsement by comparing their names to those on databases. These checks generated more than 100 leads that were sent to the FBI. TSA recognizes that the reliability of this process will be improved by incorporating a fingerprint-based criminal background check. For each of the next 5 years, TSA will put roughly 1/5 of the drivers with, or seeking, a hazmat endorsement through a more comprehensive threat assessment process, including a fingerprint-based records review. TSA and the states have faced many challenges in the development and implementation of this initiative. The complete program was originally planned to start in 2003, however, it has been delayed several times. Starting January 31, 2005, TSA will not permit a state to issue a new hazmat endorsement with a CDL until a determination has been made that an applicant does not pose a security threat. Starting May 31, 2005, this TSA rule also applies to drivers seeking either to renew a CDL with this endorsement, or, in some cases, to transfer his/her license from one state to another. DTIC Hazardous Materials; Policies; Security; Terrorism; Threat Evaluation; Transportation 20060049293 Avondale Shipyards, Inc., New Orleans, LA USA Adaption of Japanese Prefabrication Priming Procedure to U.S. Shipbuilding Methodology Task 3-79-1 Trimber, Kenneth A; Corbett, William D; Aug 1987; 69 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-3-79 Report No.(s): AD-A454092; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454092; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The U.S. and Japanese Marine shipbuilding coating practices currently involve the application of a reconstruction primer to blast cleaned steel prior to fabrication. After fabrication, the Japanese incorporate this primer into the protective coating system after minimal cleaning (Steel Structures Painting Council SSPC-SP3) , ‘Power Tool Cleaning’) . In contrast, the U.S, removes this primer by blast cleaning in accordance with Steel Structures Painting Council SSPC-lQ, ‘Near-White Slast Cleaning’ followed by the application of a new inorganic zinc primer and the remainder of the coating system. The result is an escalation in the U.S. costs of coating application as compared with the Japanese methodology. If the Japanese approach provides adequate performance, a significant cost savings would result. In order to investigate this, Avondale Shipyards acting on behalf of the Maritime Administration under the National Shipbuilding Kesearch Program authorized KTA-Tator, Inc. to undertake a laboratory study to investigate the performance of six selected Marine coatings applied according to the U.S. and Japanese methodologies. Products from two Japanese suppliers and two U.S. suppliers were used. In general the results of four 70

accelerated weathering tests (six-month 1500 salt water immersion, cycled pressurized immersion at 80 psi head pressure, alternating uV/heat/immersion cycling, and salt fog exposure) show the U.S. methodology provides better performance in some cases, while the Japanese approach provides better performance in other. Overall, it appears that the Japanese methodology should be strongly considered for U.S. use. DTIC Japan; Marine Technology; Ships 20060049294 National Steel and Shipbuilding Co., San Diego, CA USA Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Versus Complete Coating in Ballast Tanks-Five Year Report Nov 1987; 28 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454094; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454094; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Ship ballast tanks are one of the most costly items of new ship construction. In addition, ballast tanks are one of the most severe corrosion areas during ship operations. The SP-3 Panel of SNAME recognized these problems and selected a research and development project to investigate alternate, cost effective corrosion control solutions. Four approaches were originally selected for mock-up ballast tank testing and 20 year life cycle cost analysis. A new coating system was added after three years. * Completely coated tanks with high performance coating * Partially coated tanks with cathodic protection * Preconstruction primer with cathodic protection * Soft coatings with cathodic protection * Rust tolerant epoxy coatings(Added after three years). DTIC Ballast (Mass); Cathodic Coatings; Coating; Marine Technology; Protective Coatings; Ships; Tanks (Containers) 20060049306 Ocean City Research Corp., NJ USA Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for Underwater Service (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Gehring, Jr, G A; Ellor, J A; Aug 1987; 19 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454138; NSRP-0281; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454138; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy During ship construction, steel hull plate is normally protected with an inorganic zinc pre-construction primer. For the underwater portion of the hull, conventional practice is to remove the primer by abrasive blasting before final coating of the hull. If the requirement for removing the preconstruct ion primer could be eliminated, there would be a significant cost savings. As a result, a laboratory study was undertaken to investigate the performance of selected marine coatings when applied over inorganic zinc primers in underwater service. In general, the results of the study suggest that there are inorganic zinc preconstruct ion primers that can be overcoated for underwater service. The results encourage further tests to investigate the parameters affecting compatibility. DTIC Coating; Marine Technology; Protective Coatings; Ships; Zinc 20060049368 David Taylor Research Center, Bethesda, MD USA Development of Standard Procedures for Shipboard Print Inspection Radakovich, Thomas; Apr 1988; 146 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSRP-0295 Report No.(s): AD-A454323; DTRC-SME-88-17; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454323; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy The use of protective coatings is a common method of corrosion control in the marine industry. To ensure that these coatings remain intact and effective, they must be inspected periodically so that damaged areas are discovered and repaired. Currently there are no widely accepted standard methods for shipboard inspection of anticorrosive coating systems. Therefore, the Navy, the Maritine Administration, and the shipbuilding industry cosponsored a program directed at standardizing the methods used for shipboard inspection of coating systems and for reporting inspection data. The output of this program was the development of four inspection standards for different ship areas. These four standards have been adopted by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as ASTM standards. This report discusses the development of these inspection standards. DTIC Inspection; Protective Coatings; Ship Hulls 71

20060049369 National Steel and Shipbuilding Co., San Diego, CA USA Feasibility Study: Automated Painting of Pipe Pieces, Hangers, and Other Small Parts: Maximizing Shop Painting Operations Task 3.84.4 Hansen, Les; Appleton, William; Apr 1989; 40 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454324; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454324; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Shipyard painting is most often viewed as pure ship construction operations, where the painting of the hull, deck, superstructure, and cargo spaces makes up the total effort and cost. This view may be justified when analyzing various trade production costs as parts of the total ship cost. However, parts preparation and painting costs are significant when looked at in summary as a new construction or repair contract sub-cost item. Once addressed, the historical means and methods for small parts painting in shipyards appears to leave much room for improvement. This is particularly true when comparisons are made to other industries. What happens then when a systems approach is applied to shipyard small parts painting? Can study techniques analysis and design be adapted to facilitate painting systems which are cost effective for this industry? This paper attempts to answer these questions by presenting discussion of: 1. Manufacturing Concepts of Parts Painting; 2. Use of the Industrial Engineering Analysis; 3. Systems Configurations; and 4. Systems Cost and Justification DTIC Marine Technology; Pipes (Tubes); Ships 20060049393 Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards Fuller, Jimmy W; Aug 1990; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454365; NSRP-0320; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454365; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) What is CO2 blasting? CO2 blasting is a relatively new paint removal-technology that turns liquid carbon dioxide into pellets. The most promising applications are elimination of hazardous waste, dust plumes, and contaminated water associated with the use of slag abrasives. This paper will describe the process that Naval Sea Systems Command used to take CO2 blasting from the ‘talking’ stage to implementation in naval shipyards. The process started with a visit from a vendor and ended with a thirty day test of the blasting system. TEXT Navy ships bottoms are painted with antifouling paints that Contain pesticide ingredients that are used to control attachment and growth of marine animals and plants living in association with structures that are in prolonged contact with salt or fresh water. Significant growth of these ‘fouling’ marine organisms, such as barnacles, seaweed, and algae, can restrict the openings of piping, increase the weight of buoys or other navigational equipment, constrict moving parts such as propellers, inhibit vessel maneuverability, and cause roughness that reduces boat/ship speed and increase fuel consumption. Fouling organisms may damage surface coatings, promote corrosion, interfere with sonar equipment by increasing noise levels, increase maintenance costs, and detract from the appearance of the vessel. DTIC Abrasives; Antifouling; Carbon Dioxide; Conferences; Fouling; Marine Technology; Organisms; Protective Coatings; Ships; Shipyards 20060049620 General Dynamics Corp., Quincy, MA USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Development of Non-Polluting, Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Systems For Ships Mirick, W; Nowacki, L J; Thorell, L M; Jan 1974; 39 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454651; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The objective of this research was to develop liquid, solvent-free coating systems and practical methods for their application in the shipyards. Successful attainment of this objective would result in (1) lower cost due to elimination of solvents, faster application and fewer coats, (2) ecological advantages resulting from elimination of solvents, and (3) improved safety since elimination of solvents will decrease tire and toxicity hazards particularly in confined areas such as ship holds and tanks. The completed research has demonstrated the feasibility of solvent-free liquid resin coatings under laboratory conditions. Several combinations of pigmented epoxy resin and pigmented polyamide resin were successfully applied to test panels using commercially available, two-component, high pressure air less spray equipment. Two pigmented polyurethane coatings were also applied successfully, one formulated for tank use and the other tor topsides. It is recommended that the coatings developed as a result of this research program be evaluated for long-term durability and ease of application in a 72

shipyard environment as a continuation of this effort. If such evaluation proves successful, the coatings should be applied to a ship for in-service evaluation. DTIC Coating; Coatings; Marine Technology; Polyurethane Resins; Resins; Ships; Solvents

20060049632 Naval Surface Warfare Center, Bethesda, MD USA Navy High-Pressure Waterjet Closed-Loop Paint Stripping System (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Williams, John; Rice, Robert M; Jan 1995; 13 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454667; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Feedback Control; High Pressure; Hydraulic Jets; Marine Technology; Navy; Paint Removal; Ships

20060049638 Sandroid Systems, Inc., San Antonio, TX USA Automated Blasting & Recovery of Coatings Removed From Ship Hulls Sweet, Gary K; Jan 1995; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454677; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Coatings; Ship Hulls

20060049641 Avondale Shipyards, Inc., New Orleans, LA USA Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 Fultz, Benjamin S; Hawkins, P J; Sealander, Dave; Travassos, Job; Peart, John; Vira, Arvind; Jul 1979; 87 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454682; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The objective of this project was to establish methods to reduce ship construction costs by improving the paint selection system. Toward this end, the following results were achieved: Establishment of a computer program of-paint service histories which demonstrate that valid conclusions can be reached as to which generic paint type is best for a specified area of this ship; Support by laboratory testing of performance trends of the computer program analysis; Demonstration by laboratory testing that careful evaluation of paint suppliers is necessary; Indications that careful selection of laboratory test methods and evaluation parameters, to duplicate service conditions, can serve as a screening method for candidate paint(s); Establishment of a method of life cycle cost determination; identification of craft interference and premature area release for painting prior to compartment completion. That is, poor paint planning and scheduling is the major cause of inordinately high ship painting costs. If the principles identified within the body of this report-are assimilated by the marine industry, millions of dollars in improved ship paint performance will be realized. Shipbuilders will benefit in two ways: Less dollars expended at guarantee survey time due to improved paint performance (fewer failures)and Reduction in the probability of a catastrophic paint failure during vessel construction. DTIC Antifouling; Costs; Marine Technology; Paints; Protective Coatings; Ships

20060049644 Avondale Shipyards, Inc., New Orleans, LA USA Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Surface Preparation and Coatings Fultz, Benjamin S; Hawkins, P J; Sealander, Dave; Peart, John; Starkenburg, C J; Jul 1979; 64 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454686; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy It is a generally accepted fact that between twelve and seventeen percent of all new commercial ship construction dollars are spent in initial ship painting. This means that the marine industry is probably spending upwards of five times more on painting than it should. This expenditure represents tens of millions of dollars being needlessly wasted. One of the causes for this needless expenditure of dollars is the lack of communication between the various facets of the marine industry - that is the owner, builder, and supplier. This study is an attempt to rectify this wasteful situation. DTIC Coatings; Marine Technology; Ships 73

20060049652 Maryland Univ., Queenstown, MD USA Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida Burton, Dennis T; Turley, Steven D; Fisher, Daniel J; Green, Donald J; Shedd, Tommy R; Jan 2006; 19 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-92-C-2066 Report No.(s): AD-A454699; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for inorganic mercury in earthworms are usually \h1; however, factors up to approximately 10 have been reported. Little information is available concerning the bioaccumulation of organic mercury in earthworms from actual contaminated soils and thus there has been uncertainty in the risk characterization phase of ecological risk assessments of mercury-contaminated sites. This study was initiated to determine the rate of uptake and bioaccumulation of total mercury (T-Hg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) in Eisenia fetida from soils which have been contaminated with mercury for approximately 30 years. The study consisted of a 28-day uptake phase in three mercury-contaminated soils and one soil with background concentrations of mercury followed by a 14-day depuration phase in background soil only. Total mercury concentrations in the study soils ranged from 85 to 11,542 micrograms per kg dry weight soil; MMHg concentrations ranted from 1.12 to 7.35 micrograms per kg dry weight soil. Time to 90% steady states for T-Hg ranged from 36 to 42 days. A steady state did not occur for any of the MMHg exposures during the 42-day study; estimated time to 90% steady state varied from 97 to 192 days. BAFs for T-Hg ranged from 0.6 to 3.3. BAFs for MMHg ranged from 175 to 249. The BAFs for T-Hg and MMHg were larger in earthworms exposed to the lower contaminated soils and smaller in the higher mercury-contaminated soils. The absolute concentrations of T-Hg and MMHg bioaccumulated in E. fetida, however, were higher in the earthworms exposed to the higher mercury soils and lower in the less mercury-contaminated soils. DTIC Mercury (Metal); Soil Pollution 20060049660 Peterson Builders, Inc., Sturgeon Bay, WI USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. User’s Guide to Selection of Blasting Abrasives Apr 6, 1998; 520 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454719; NSRP-0511; N3-95-7; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A22, Hardcopy The purpose of this guide for abrasive selection is: through proper abrasive selection shipyards can improve productivity, reduce waste, and decrease the costs associated with abrasive blast cleaning. Abrasive blasting is generally acknowledged to be the most effective and efficient means of surface preparation. Blasting accounts for about two-thirds of the cost of the surface preparation and coating operation, which is itself, a major cost component of shipyards. The wide variations in types of abrasive, blasting processes and operator proficiency, result in huge fluctuations in the efficiency and cost of the abrasive blasting operation. Therefore, significant reduction in cost and improvement in production can be attained by proper selection and use of abrasives, meeting the objective of this project; to develop a shipyards guide to select abrasive and blasting parameters that will optimize this activity. DTIC Abrasives; Marine Technology; Ships; Shipyards 20060049683 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High Temperature Magnetic Material for PWR McHenry, Michael E; Mar 2006; 63 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-02-2-2241; Proj-3145 Report No.(s): AD-A454758; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The initial charge of the DUST Program was to provide technical support to the development of inductive components for power electronics and integrated circuits where the driving forces for future improvement are size, frequency, and temperature. The CMU program was charged with examining amorphous and nanocomposite materials for inductive components. For these magnetic components the following figures of merit were identified for new materials development: 1) Induction: 1 to 2 T (5 to 10 times that of conventional ferrites at room temperature); 2) Frequency: 200 kHz to 1 MHz; 3) Temperature: 200 deg C and above. The goals of the DUST project were to develop composition, structure, and magnetic properties relationships in three areas for use in inductive components. These three areas of pursuit were: 1) amorphous precursors to HITPERM materials; 2) Fe-based amorphous materials; 3) HITPERM powders. The HITPERM materials are now felt to be competitive with Fe-based Metglas materials in terms of losses, while offering higher inductions and better high temperature magnetic properties. DTIC Amorphous Materials; Crystallization; High Temperature; Magnetic Materials; Refractory Materials 74

20060049773 Georgia Univ., Athens, GA USA Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Structure and Bonding Duncan, Michael A; Mar 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-03-1-0044 Report No.(s): AD-A454879; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Molecular beam experiments employing laser vaporization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry and laser photodissociation were employed to study a variety of metal compounds nanoclusters to evaluate their potential for new materials. Mixed atomic clusters of copper, silver and gold with carbon or silicon were studied as well as several transition metal oxide clusters. New laser techniques were developed and employed to make metal and metal oxide complexes with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon species. In a combination of laser vaporization methods with inorganic synthetic methodology, ligand-coated metal and metal oxide clusters for the early transition metals titanium and vanadium were synthesized and collected in macroscopic amounts for the first time. These oxides are sub-nanometer in size, representing some of the smallest particles ever isolated. DTIC Bonding; Electromagnetic Properties; Fullerenes; Hydrocarbons; Infrared Radiation; Laser Spectroscopy; Metal Clusters; Solar Cells

20060049850 Insight Industries, Inc., Platteville, WI USA ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting, Bid Estimating Transfer Study George, Daryl; Nov 10, 1993; 207 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454978; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy No abstract available Economic Analysis; Economics; Estimating; Paints; Shipyards

20060050054 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides Connell, John W., Inventor; Smith, Joseph G., Inventor; Hergenrother, Paul M., Inventor; Watson, Kent A., Inventor; Thompson, Craig M., Inventor; September 19, 2006; 68 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 8 Nov. 2004; US-Patent-7,109,287; US-Patent-Appl-SN-988407; NASA-Case-LAR-16176-2; US-Patent-Appl-SN-095340; US-Patent-Appl-SN-6841652; US-Patent-Appl-SN-292262; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050054; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Polyimides displaying low color in thin films, atomic oxygen resistance, vacuum ultraviolet radiation resistance, solubility in organic solvents in the imide form, high glass transition (T(sub g)) temperatures, and high thermal stability are provided. The poly(amide acid)s, copoly(amide acid)s, polyimides and copolyimides are prepared by the reaction of stoichiometric ratios of an aromatic &anhydride with diamines which contain phenylphosphine oxide groups in polar aprotic solvents. Controlled molecular weight oligomeric (amide acid)s and imides can be prepared by offsetting the stoichiometry according to the Carothers equation using excess diamine and endcapping with aromatic anhydrides. The polyimide materials can be processed into various material forms such as thin films, fibers, foams, threads, adhesive film, coatings, dry powders, and fiber coated prepreg, and uses include thin film membranes on antennas, second-surface mirrors, thermal optical coatings, and multilayer thermal insulation (MLI) blanket materials. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Polyimides; Glass Transition Temperature; Solvents; Thermal Stability; Thin Films; Amides; Stoichiometry

20060050125 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction and Impact Weese, R. K.; Burnham, A. K.; Fontes, A. T.; Aug. 30, 2005; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881632; UCRL-CONF-214893; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge No abstract available Decomposition; Friction; Kinetics; Perchlorates; Thermal Expansion 75

20060050126 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Characterize Violence with Varying Confinement Garcia, F.; Vandersall, K. S.; Forbes, J. W.; Tarver, C. M.; Greenwood, D.; Jul. 27, 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881631; UCRL-CONF-214058; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Thermal cook-off experiments were carried out using LX-04 explosive (85% HMX and 15% Viton by weight) with different levels of confinement to characterize the effect of confinement on the reaction violence. These experiments involved heating a porous LX-04 sample in a stainless steel container with varying container end plate thickness and assembly bolt diameter to control overall confinement. As expected, detonation did not occur and reducing the overall confinement lowered the reaction violence. This is consistent with modeling results that predict that a lower confinement will act to lower the cook-off pressure and thus the overall burn rate which lowers the overall violence. These results suggest that controlling the overall system confinement can modify the relative safety in a given scenario. NTIS Chemical Explosions; Confinement; Firing (Igniting); HMX; Violence 20060050154 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA Task Technical and Quality Assurance Plan for the 2H Evaporator Scale Analysis Wilmarth, W. R.; Duffey, C. E.; Jun. 30, 2005; 20 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882701; WSRC-RP-2005-01688; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge This Plan describes the analysis of a sample of scale removed from the Gravity Drain Line of the 2H Evaporator. The analysis will support the development of a Nuclear Criticality Safety Analysis (NCSA) for evaporator operation and chemical cleaning. Previous chemical cleaning operations were performed using a nitric acid flowsheet that involved copious amounts of deplete uranyl nitrate used as a neutron poison. Current interest and focus is on a chemical cleaning operation involving only a sodium hydroxide solution. Therefore, testing will involve dissolving sub-samples of scale sample in sodium hydroxide solution at temperatures at 90 degrees C. NTIS Evaporators; Quality Control; Radioactive Wastes 20060050182 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA Type B Package Radioactive Material Content Compliance Hensel, S. J.; Watkins, R. W.; Smith, A. C.; January 2006; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882696; WSRC-MS-2006-00120; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Implementation of packaging and transportation requirements can be subdivided into three categories; contents compliance, packaging closure, and transportation or logistical compliance. This paper addresses the area of contents compliance within the context of regulations, DOE Orders, and appropriate standards. Common practices and current pitfalls are also discussed. NTIS Hazardous Materials; Packaging; Radioactive Materials; Materials Handling 20060050183 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA General Purpose Fissile Package, A Replacement for the 6M Specification Package Smith, A. C.; May, C. G.; Blanton, P. S.; Abramczyk, G. A.; Gelder, L. F.; January 2006; 18 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882692; WSRC-MS-2006-00030; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The General Purpose Fissile Package (GPFP) is a robust, single containment package, capable of transporting Plutonium and Uranium metals and oxides. The DOT 6M specification package is being withdrawn from service and the GPFP has been designed as a robust, cost-effective, user-friendly replacement. The design incorporates the proven Chalfont type containment vessel, employed by the widely used 9975 package. Based on the package size and proposed contents, its evaluation includes the 10CFR71.73 ‘Crush’ test. To ensure this capability, the package overpack was constructed using urethane foam and load distribution features. Testing has confirmed the packages ability to withstand the hypothetical accident condition tests, as specified in the Code of Federal Regulations. The features important to users are discussed and test results are described in this presentation. NTIS Fissionable Materials; Packaging; Replacing; Containment 76

20060050197 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA Post Fire Transient Temperature Distribution in Drum Type Packages Smith, A.; January 2006; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882687; WSRC-MS-2005-00703; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) This study investigates the temperature distribution in an idealized cylindrical package subjected to the HAC Fire transient. Cases for several common overpack materials, with thermal conductivity spanning two orders of magnitude, are considered. The results show that the interior temperature distribution and maximum interior temperature are determined by the heat generation of the contents and the thermal resistance of the package materials. Heat generation has a dominant effect on the peak temperature in the center (containment vessel region) of the package, when the internal thermal resistance is high. For cases where the internal resistance is low, heat conducted into the interior during the fire determines the peak temperature in the center, containment vessel region. The thermal wave effect, where the interior temperature continues to rise after the end of the fire exposure, is present in all cases. The study complements the parametric studies of effects of thermal properties on thermal response of packages which were previously reported. NTIS Fires; Packaging; Temperature Distribution

20060050209 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA, Savannah River Lab., Aiken, SC, USA Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Effects of Burst Properties of Pressure Vessels Lam, P. S.; Morgan, M. J.; Imrich, K. J.; Chapman, G. K.; January 2006; 24 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882682; WSRC-2005-00642; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Burst testing is used to assess the performance of stainless steel pressure vessels designed to contain tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Burst ductility of tritium-exposed vessels is reduced in time as a result of the combined embrittlement effects from tritium that has diffused into the microstructure and its radioactive decay product, helium-3. A materials system model and finite element procedure were developed to predict burst pressure and the vessel volume change (ductility) during burst testing. The model is used to predict changes in burst pressure and ductility from the tritium service history, known values of tritium diffusivity, and published data on the effects of tritium and helium on the tensile properties of stainless steel. Good agreement has been achieved with actual burst test data for unexposed vessels. NTIS Helium; Predictions; Pressure Effects; Pressure Vessels; Tritium

20060050215 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA Tritium Reservoir Structural Performance Prediction Lam, P. S.; Morgan, M. J.; Oct. 2005; 36 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882654; WSRC-TR-2005-00251; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The burst test is used to assess the material performance of tritium reservoirs in the surveillance program in which reservoirs have been in service for extended periods of time. A materials system model and finite element procedure were developed under a Savannah River Site Plant-Directed Research and Development (PDRD) program to predict the structural response under a full range of loading and aged material conditions of the reservoir. The results show that the predicted burst pressure and volume ductility are in good agreement with the actual burst test results for the unexposed units. The material tensile properties used in the calculations were obtained from a curved tensile specimen harvested from a companion reservoir by Electric Discharge Machining (EDM). NTIS Performance Prediction; Reservoirs; Tritium

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24 COMPOSITE MATERIALS Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of laminates and other composite materials.

20060048164 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Bend Test and Analysis for Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Impact Damage Thresholds Fasanella, Edwin L.; Sotiris, Kellas; January 09, 2006; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 816-06-03-03-07 Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214505; L-19275; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Static 3-point bend tests of Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC) were conducted to failure to provide data for additional validation of an LS-DYNA RCC model suitable for predicting the threshold of impact damage to shuttle orbiter wing leading edges. LS-DYNA predictions correlated well with the average RCC failure load, and were good in matching the load vs. deflection. However, correlating the detectable damage using NDE methods with the cumulative damage parameter in LS-DYNA material model 58 was not readily achievable. The difficulty of finding internal RCC damage with NDE and the high sensitivity of the mat58 damage parameter to the load near failure made the task very challenging. In addition, damage mechanisms for RCC due to dynamic impact of debris such as foam and ice and damage mechanisms due to a static loading were, as expected, not equivalent. Author Carbon-Carbon Composites; Leading Edges; Nondestructive Tests; Impact Damage; Wings; Static Loads; Static Tests; Bend Tests 20060048260 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA 3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspective Reeder, James R.; [2006]; 19 pp.; In English; American Society for Composites 21st Annual Technical Conference, 17-20 Sep. 2006, Dearborn, MI, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 759-07-09; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048260; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Many delamination failure criteria based on fracture toughness have been suggested over the past few decades, but most only covered the region containing mode I and mode II components of loading because that is where toughness data existed. With new analysis tools, more 3D analyses are being conducted that capture a mode III component of loading. This has increased the need for a fracture criterion that incorporates mode III loading. The introduction of a pure mode III fracture toughness test has also produced data on which to base a full 3D fracture criterion. In this paper, a new framework for visualizing 3D fracture criteria is introduced. The common 2D power law fracture criterion was evaluated to produce unexpected predictions with the introduction of mode III and did not perform well in the critical high mode I region. Another 2D criterion that has been shown to model a wide range of materials well was used as the basis for a new 3D criterion. The new criterion is based on assumptions that the relationship between mode I and mode III toughness is similar to the relation between mode I and mode II and that a linear interpolation can be used between mode II and mode III. Until mixed-mode data exists with a mode III component of loading, 3D fracture criteria cannot be properly evaluated, but these assumptions seem reasonable. Author Delaminating; Fracture Strength; Fracturing; Interpolation; Failure 20060048497 Army Research Lab., Hampton, VA, USA Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Resistance of Composite Laminates Under Mode I Loading Murri, Gretchen B.; [2006]; 30 pp.; In English; American Society for Composites 21st Annual Technical Conference, 17-20 Sep. 2006, Dearborn, MI, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 759-07-11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048497; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Double-cantilevered beam (DCB) specimens of a glass/epoxy composite material with embedded piezoelectric sensors were tested both statically and under fatigue loading to determine the effect of the embedded material on the Mode I fracture toughness and fatigue resistance compared to baseline data without the embedded elements. A material known as 78

LaRC-Macrofiber Composite (LaRC-MFC (TradeMark)), or MFC, was embedded at the midplane of the specimen during the layup. Specimens were manufactured with the embedded MFC material either at the loaded end of the specimen to simulate an initial delamination; or with the MFC material located at the delaminating interface, with a Teflon film at the loaded end to simulate an initial delamination. There were three types of specimens with the embedded material at the delaminating interface: co-cured with no added adhesive; cured with a paste adhesive applied to the embedded element; or cured with a film adhesive added to the embedded material. Tests were conducted with the sensors in both the passive and active states. Results were compared to baseline data for the same material without embedded elements. Interlaminar fracture toughness values (G(sub Ic)) for the passive condition showed little change when the MFC was at the insert end. Passive results varied when the MFC was at the delaminating interface. For the co-cured case and with the paste adhesive, G(sub Ic) decreased compared to the baseline toughness, whereas, for the film adhesive case, G(sub Ic) was significantly greater than the baseline toughness, but the failure was always catastrophic. When the MFC was in the active state, G(sub Ic) was generally lower compared to the passive results. Fatigue tests showed little effect of the embedded material whether it was active or passive compared to baseline values. Author Composite Materials; Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics; Piezoelectricity; Cantilever Beams; Epoxy Matrix Composites; Fatigue (Materials); Embedding 20060048710 Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL USA Scaling of Energy Absorption in Composites to Enhance Survivability Bazant, Zdenek P; Aug 2006; 24 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-04-1-0326 Report No.(s): AD-A453365; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453365; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The objective of this paper is to study the size effect on the nominal strength of imperfect sandwich structures for buckling driven delamination, to quantify this size effect, and to determine its intensity. A secondary objective is to assess the size effect on the postpeak energy absorption, important for judging survival under blast or dynamic impact. Buckling driven delamination is difficult to control in experiments. Thus, the present study relies on numerical simulations using geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis as well as the softening foundation model, which is an adaptation of Winkler elastic foundation. Delamination fracture is modeled by a cohesive crack model. Dimensionless variables are used to cover the entire practical range. DTIC Buckling; Composite Materials; Energy Absorption; Sandwich Structures 20060049065 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites Hernandez, Corey D.; Zhang, Mei; Fang, Shaoli; Baughman, Ray H.; Gates, Thomas S.; Kahng, Seun K.; September 22, 2006; 6 pp.; In English; Proceedings of MN2006 Multifunctional Nanocomposites 2006, 20-22 Sep. 2006, Honolulu, HI, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 23-252-09-15 Report No.(s): Paper MN2006-17028; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy By forming composite structures with Carbon Nanotube (CNT) yarns we achieve materials capable of measuring strain and composite structures with increased mechanical strength. The CNT yarns used are of the 2-ply and 4-ply variety with the yarns having diameters of about 15-30 micrometers. The strain sensing characteristics of the yarns are investigated on test beams with the yarns arranged in a bridge configuration. Additionally, the strain sensing properties are also investigated on yarns embedded on the surface of a flexible membrane. Initial mechanical strength tests also show an increase in the modulus of elasticity of the composite materials while incurring a weight penalty of less than one-percent. Also presented are initial temperature characterizations of the yarns. Author Carbon Nanotubes; Yarns; Composite Structures; Mechanical Properties 20060049624 Academy of Sciences (Russia), Moscow, Russian Federation Nanoscale Mechanism of Composite Reinforcement by Fibers and Filler, Theoretical Computation and Experimental Validation of the Theory Using Rubber/Short Carbon Fiber Compounds Lurie, Sergey A; Jun 24, 2005; 269 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454656; ISTC-2154P; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A12, Hardcopy 79

This report results from a contract tasking Computing Center of Academy of Sciences as follows: The description of the mechanical characteristics and prediction of the behavior of composite materials reinforced by short carbon fibers and fillers is the goal of the project. The development of the theoretical techniques of the research of reinforced composite materials with taking into account of interphasic interactions between carbon fibers and the matrix represents the task of the project. The experimental validation of the theoretical research by using the measured mechanical properties of reinforced composite materials is also the task of the project. The accomplishment of such tasks has been possible thanks to the recent program of mathematical description and modeling of interfacial interactions and also to the appropriate experimental test. To describe the effective medium characteristics with nanoscale structures the homogenization problem is solved. The methods of solutions of the identification problems are developed within framework of the Project for designed models with nanoscale structures. A strong impact on the knowledge of composite theoretical behavior is expected as a result of this Project. The obtained experimental results should support the extension of the mathematical description to other kinds of composites, mainly fiber/epoxy, carbon/carbon etc. DTIC Carbon Fibers; Composite Materials; Fillers; Rubber

25 INORGANIC, ORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Includes the analysis, synthesis, and use of inorganic and organic compounds; combustion theory; electrochemistry; and photochemistry. For related information see category 34 Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics. For astrochemistry see category 90 Astrophysics.

20060048169 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA ISS Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Project -2006 Update Morrison, Russell H.; Holt, Mike; [2006]; 13 pp.; In English; 2006 International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES) 36th Annual Meeting, 17-20 Jul. 2006, Norfolk, VA, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS15-10000 Report No.(s): Rept-06ICES-114; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048169; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The IATCS coolant has experienced a number of anomalies in the time since the US Lab was first activated on Flight 5A in February 2001. These have included: 1) a decrease in coolant pH, 2) increases in inorganic carbon, 3) a reduction in phosphate concentration, 4) an increase in dissolved nickel and precipitation of nickel salts, and 5) increases in microbial concentration. These anomalies represent some risk to the system, have been implicated in some hardware failures and are suspect in others. The ISS program has conducted extensive investigations of the causes and effects of these anomalies and has developed a comprehensive program to remediate the coolant chemistry of the on-orbit system as well as provide a robust and compatible coolant solution for the hardware yet to be delivered. This paper presents a status of the coolant stability over the past year as well as results from destructive analyses of hardware removed from the on-orbit system and the current approach to coolant remediation. Author Active Control; Coolants; Temperature Control; International Space Station; Chemical Analysis 20060048191 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines Evans, K. J.; Stuart, M. L.; Etien, R. A.; Hust, G. A.; Estill, J. C.; Nov. 08, 2005; 32 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881900; UCRL-CONF-216910; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Alloy 22 is a nickel base alloy highly resistant to all forms of corrosion. In conditions where tight crevices exist in hot chloride containing solutions and at anodic potentials, Alloy 22 may suffer crevice corrosion, a form of localized attack. The occurrence (or not) of crevice corrosion in a given environment (e.g. salt concentration and temperature), is governed by the values of the critical potential (E(sub crit)) for crevice corrosion and the corrosion potential (E(sub corr)) that the alloy may establish in the studied environment. If E(sub corr) is equal or higher than E(sub crit), crevice corrosion may be expected. In addition, it is generally accepted that as Alloy 22 becomes passive in a certain environment, its E(sub corr) increases and its corrosion rate (CR) decreases. This paper discusses the evolution of E(sub corr) and corrosion rate (CR) of creviced Alloy 22 specimens in six different mixtures of sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium nitrate (KNO(sub 3)) at 100 C. The effect of immersion time on the value of E(sub crit) was also determined. Two types of specimens were used, polished as-welded 80

(ASW) and as-welded plus solution heat-treated (ASW+SHT). The latter contained the black annealing oxide film on the surface. Results show that, as the immersion time increases, E(sub corr) increased and the CR decreased. Even for highly concentrated brine solutions at 100 C the CR was \h 30 nm/year after more than 250 days immersion. Some of the exposed specimens (mainly the SHT specimens) suffered crevice corrosion at the open circuit potential in the naturally aerated brines. Immersion times of over 250 days did not reduce the resistance of Alloy 22 to localized corrosion. NTIS Brines; Chlorides; Corrosion; Corrosion Resistance; Nickel Alloys; Nitrates 20060048205 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA, USA, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Buenos Aires, Argentina Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chloride Solutions Containing Organic Acids Carranza, R. M.; Giordano, C. M.; Rodriguez, M. A.; Rebak, R. B.; Nov. 08, 2005; 22 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881895; UCRL-CONF-216907; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Alloy 22 (N06022) is a nickel based alloy containing alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum and tungsten. It is highly corrosion resistant both under reducing and under oxidizing conditions. Electrochemical studies such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed to determine the corrosion behavior of Alloy 22 in 1M NaCl solutions at various pH values from acidic to neutral at 90 C. Tests were also carried out in NaCl solutions containing oxalic acid or acetic acid. It is shown that the corrosion rate of Alloy 22 was higher in a solution containing oxalic acid than in a solution of the same pH acidified with HCl. Acetic acid was not corrosive to Alloy 22. The corrosivity of oxalic acid was attributed to its capacity to form stable complex species with metallic cations from Alloy 22. NTIS Chlorides; Corrosion; Corrosion Resistance; Nickel Alloys 20060048209 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Ions Carranza, R. M.; Rodriauez, M. A.; Rebak, R. B.; Oct. 11, 2005; 22 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881887; UCRL-PROC-215071; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Alloy 22 (N06022) is highly resistant to localized corrosion. Alloy 22 may be susceptible to crevice corrosion in pure chloride (Cl(sup -)) solutions under aggressive environmental conditions. The effect of the fluoride (F(sup -)) over the crevice corrosion induced by chloride ions is still not well established. The objective of the present work was to explore the crevice corrosion resistance of this alloy to different mixtures of fluorides and chlorides. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) tests were conducted in deaerated aqueous solutions of pure halide ions and also in different mixtures of chloride and fluoride at 90 C and pH 6. The range of chloride concentration (Cl(sup -)) was 0.001 M (le) (Cl(sup -)) (le) 1 M and the range of molar fluoride to chloride ratio (F(sup -))/(Cl(sup -)) was 0.1 (le) (F(sup -))/(Cl(sup -)) (le) 10. Results showed that Alloy 22 was susceptible to crevice corrosion in all the pure chloride solutions but not in the pure fluoride solutions. Fluoride ions showed an inhibitor behavior only in mixtures with a molar ratio (F(sup -))/(Cl(sup -)) \g 2. For mixtures with a molar ratio (F(sup -))/(Cl(sup -)) of 7 and 10 the inhibition of crevice corrosion was complete. NTIS Chlorides; Corrosion; Cracks; Fluorides; Ions 20060048213 GE Global Research Center, Irvine, CA, USA Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1, 2003 to September 30, 2005 Rizeq, G.; Kulkarni, P.; Subia, R.; Wei, W.; January 2005; 68 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881860; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) GE Global Research is developing an innovative energy-based technology for coal combustion with high efficiency and near-zero pollution. This Unmixed Combustion of coal (UMC-Coal) technology simultaneously converts coal, steam and air into two separate streams of high pressure CO2-rich gas for sequestration, and high-temperature, high-pressure vitiated air for producing electricity in gas turbine expanders. The UMC process utilizes an oxygen transfer material (OTM) and eliminates the need for an air separation unit (ASU) and a CO2 separation unit as compared to conventional gasification based processes. This is the final report for the two-year DOE-funded program (DE-FC26-03NT41842) on this technology that ended in September 30, 2005. The UMC technology development program encompassed lab- and pilot-scale studies to demonstrate the 81

UMC concept. The chemical feasibility of the individual UMC steps was established via lab-scale testing. A pilot plant, designed in a related DOE funded program (DE-FC26-00FT40974), was reconstructed and operated to demonstrate the chemistry of UMC process in a pilot-scale system. The risks associated with this promising technology including cost, lifetime and durability OTM and the impact of contaminants on turbine performance are currently being addressed in detail in a related ongoing DOE funded program (DE-FC26-00FT40974, Phase II). Results obtained to date suggest that this technology has the potential to economically meet future efficiency and environmental performance goals. NTIS Coal; Combustion 20060048581 Stanford Univ., CA, USA Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Infrared Spectrum of Liquid Methanol-Water Mixtures Woods, K. N.; Wiedemann, H.; Jul. 2005; 26 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-878842; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Far-infrared absorption spectroscopy has been used to study the low frequency ((center-dot) 100 cm(sup -1)) intermolecular modes of methanol in mixtures with water. With the aid of a first principles molecular dynamics simulation on an equivalent system, a detailed understanding about the origin of the low frequency IR modes has been established. The total dipole spectrum from the simulation suggests that the bands appearing in the experimental spectra at approximately 55 cm(sup -1) and 70 cm(sup -1) in methanol and methanol-rich mixtures arise from both fluctuations and torsional motions occurring within the methanol hydrogen-bonded chains. The influence of these modes on both the solvation dynamics and the relaxation mechanisms in the liquid are discussed within the context of recent experimental and theoretical results that have emerged from studies focusing on the short time dynamics in the methanol hydrogen bond network. NTIS Far Infrared Radiation; Infrared Spectra; Methyl Alcohol; Molecular Dynamics; Water 20060048605 ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Dayton, OH USA The Isolated Perfused Rat Liver and its use in the Study of Chemical Kinetics: Quality and Performance Parameters Toxopeus, C; Frazier, J M; Apr 1999; 64 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-96-C-9010; Proj-2312 Report No.(s): AD-A453185; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453185; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The isolated perfused rat liver system (IPRL) is a useful tool in studying the role of the liver in the kinetics and metabolism 0 chemicals. A better understanding of how chemicals are taken up, metabolized and excreted by the liver will help to predict in vivo kinetics. In order to use the IPRL system on a routine basis, standard procedures for the isolation, kinetic experimentation and quality evaluation of the IPRL need to be developed. This report describes the standard procedure as developed in our laboratory for preparation and use of the IPRL system. Hepatic enzyme leakage in perfusion medium was chosen as an overall indicator of liver integrity. More specific parameters of liver performance were bile flow, water content and the rate of bromosulfophthalein (BSP) elimination. Since BSP is a standard compound in the assessment of liver performance, the use of this compound will allow comparison of IPRL system performance between research groups. In addition, BSP kinetics can be sued to assess the performance of the IPRL system when experimental problems and/or chemical toxicity are suspected. The results presented here demonstrate the performance of the IPRL system in our laboratory and provide reproducible kinetic data for BSP that serve as quality control standards. DTIC Liver; Rats; Reaction Kinetics 20060048640 Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH USA Feasibility Study for the Reduction of Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous Anions Clewell, Rebecca A; Tsui, David T; Mattie, David R; Jan 1999; 24 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-96-C-9010; Proj-7757 Report No.(s): AD-A453247; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453247; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) was used as a technique to determine the feasibility of the use of a coulometric detector in the determination of perchlorate, iodide, and various other anions commonly found in drinking water. Through the CV analysis, it was determined that only iodide could be accurately determined through electrochemical detection. Nitrite, sulfide, and 82

thiocyanate would be reduced, but are poor candidates for coulometric detection. Perchlorate was not reduced within the range of potentials allowed by a coulometric detector. Therefore, it does not appear the coulometry can provide an effective method for the detection of perchlorate. Studies showed that, of the anions tested, only nitrate, sulfide, and thiocyanate would interfere with the detection of iodide. DTIC Anions; Feasibility; Iodides; Perchlorates 20060048641 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separation Column Tsui, David T; Clewell, Rebecca A; Eldridge, J E; Mattle, David R; Oct 1999; 42 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-96-C-9010; Proj-7757 Report No.(s): AD-A453248; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453248; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A new ion chromatography method was developed for perchlorate analysis using a Dionex AS-16 Separation Column. The AS-16 method proved to be more sensitive and selective than either the AS-5 or the AS-11 method, with a method detection limit for perchlorate of 0.19 ug/L. The higher capacity of the AS-16 analytical column allows trace level perchlorate to be detected in samples that could not be analyzed with either of the previous ion chromatography methods, due to the high concentrations of inorganic and organic contaminants. The method was shown useful in analyzing environmental samples that contained up to 15,000-ppm total dissolved solids, as compared to the AS-11 method, which could not detect perchlorate in samples containing 7,000-ppm total dissolved solids. A sample preparation method was also developed in order to remove interference ions, which can block the perchlorate signal to the detector. This preparation method reduces the background noise and increases the sensitivity of perchlorate analysis in environmental and industrial matrices. DTIC Chromatography; Perchlorates 20060048654 Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Lille, France Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study Ribaucour, M; Minetti, R; Sochet, L R; Curran, H J; Pitz, W J; Westbrook, C K; Aug 4, 2000; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453269; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453269; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Experiments in a rapid compression machine were used to examine the influences of variations in fuel molecular structure on the autoignition of isomers of pentane. Autoignition of stoichiometric mixtures of the three isomers of pentane were studied at compressed gas initial temperatures between 640 K and 900 K and at precompression pressures of 300 and 400 torr. Numerical simulations of the same experiments were carried out using a detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism. The results are interpreted in terms of a low-temperature oxidation mechanism involving addition of molecular oxygen to alkyl and hydroperoxyalkyl radicals. Results indicate that in most cases, the reactive gases experience a two-stage autoignition. The first stage follows a low-temperature alkylperoxy radical isomerization pathway that is effectively quenched when the temperature reaches a level where dissociation reactions of alkylperoxy and hydroperoxyalkylperoxy radicals are more rapid than the reverse addition steps. The second stage is controlled by the onset of dissociation of hydrogen peroxide. At the highest compression temperatures achieved, little or no first-stage ignition is observed. Particular attention is given to the influence of heat transfer and the importance of regions of variable temperature within the compressed gas volume. Implications of this work on practical ignition problems are discussed. DTIC Ignition; Isomers; Molecular Structure; Pentanes; Spontaneous Combustion 20060048658 California Univ., Berkeley, CA USA On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays Clack, Herek L; Koshland, Catherine P; Lucas, Donald; Sawyer, Robert F; Aug 4, 2000; 8 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): P42-ESO-47050-01 Report No.(s): AD-A453282; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453282; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We report species concentration data obtained during the vaporization and thermal decomposition of polydisperse 83

multicomponent chlorinated hydrocarbon (CHC)/alcohol sprays. Mixtures of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (C2H3Cl3) (TCA) and isopropanol (C3H7OH) are atomized in the postflame environment of a methane/air (U 0.95) flame. Species concentrations, determined by extractive Fourier transform infrared analysis, reveal perturbations in TCA destruction and by-product species formation. The effect of isopropanol addition on by-product species concentrations is similar to previous results involving the thermal oxidation of TCA/alkane mixtures. TCA destruction is incomplete at injection temperatures less than 1000 K. Under these conditions, TCA/isopropanol sprays produce lower residual TCA concentrations than pure TCA sprays. Review of physical property data, numerical modeling (to be published elsewhere), and comparisons with previous experimental results for TCA/heptane and TCA/hexadecane together suggest two primary findings. First, the conventional approach of parameterizing fuel volatility by the fuel saturation temperature at 101.3 kPa does not correlate with the trends evident in our data. For these fuel mixtures and conditions, the latent heat of vaporization (DHv) provides a better correlation. Second, the data also suggest that, for incineration-resistant multicomponent mixtures, the molecular weights of mixture constituents may influence droplet combustion characteristics and should be considered when formulating waste-blending strategies. DTIC Alcohols; Chlorocarbons; Fuel Injection; Hydrocarbons; Liquid Wastes; Oxidation; Sprayers; Vaporizing 20060048777 Nottingham Univ., UK Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model Compounds in Structure Control Perry, Carole C; Dec 31, 2005; 141 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-03-1-0099 Report No.(s): AD-A453603; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453603; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy ′Si’ (in some form) has been shown to be associated with post-translationally modified protein and carbohydrate biopolymer components of the plant cell wall from Equisetum arvense. Bioextracts from the plant cell wall and bioinspired additives from amino acids, peptides, proteins and molecules containing reactive groups such as amines and hydroxyl groups have been found to modify the properties of silicas generated in their presence. The observed patterns of behaviour are functionality and structure dependent and centre upon non-covalent interactions between a range of silicon containing species and the solution phase additives. Electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, the hydrophobic effect and the ordering of water all play a role in determining the structures adopted by silica produced in aqueous solution. Routes to porous and non-porous silicas and to silicas that show a range of gross morphologies including spheres, ribbons and structures that superficially mimic the material they have been formed in conjunction with have been developed. The level of understanding of chemical factors that affect silica formation has been extensively increased and new silica based materials generated. It is extremely likely that the set of ′rules’ governing (bio)silicification understood from this project will be used predictively in the future by others. DTIC Carbohydrates; Chemical Properties; Molecular Structure; Morphology; Proteins; Silicates 20060048935 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Screening Evaluations for Upland Confined Disposal Facility Effluent Quality Schroeder, Paul; Estes, Trudy; Bailey, Susan; Aug 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453709; ERDC-TN-DOER-R11; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Section 404 of the Clean Water Act requires evaluation of the potential impacts of dredged material discharges from confined disposal facilities (CDFs). A joint U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Technical Framework (USACE/EPA 2004) provides guidance for evaluation of potential contaminant pathways to determine if controls or management actions are required. Guidance for implementation of the Technical Framework is provided in the USACE Upland Testing Manual (UTM) (USACE 2003). The UTM provides a tiered approach for performing pathway evaluations. Tier II of the UTM contains a screening methodology to determine the need for pathway testing. The screens compare screening criteria, such as water quality standards, with predictions based on bulk sediment chemistry and partitioning//bioavailability relationships. One potential pathway of contaminant release from CDFs is effluent water discharged during CDF filling operations. An elutriate test procedure is available to predict chemical releases in effluent for comparison to water quality criteria, and water column bioassays are available to determine potential toxicity of effluent (Palermo and Thackston 1988a, 1988b; Palermo 1985; EPA/USACE 1998; USACE 2003). This technical note provides procedures developed for Tier II of the Upland Testing Manual (USACE 2003) to conduct an initial screening evaluation of CDF effluent quality. The screening evaluation is based on equilibrium partioning principles and conservative application of design and operating principles for CDFs. DTIC Confinement; Contaminants; Dredged Materials; Effluents; Waste Disposal; Water Quality 84

20060048944 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake James, William F; Richardson, William B; Strauss, Eric A; Bartsch, Lynn A; Cavanaugh, Jennifer C; Aug 2006; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453725; ERDC-TN-SWWRP-06-8; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Proximate goals of this research were to quantify the rates of nitrate removal, identify processes responsible for nitrogen transformations, and determine patterns of nitrogen loss from a backwater lake of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). The long-range goal was to determine the management potential for removing nitrogen from the UMR by increasing flows of nitrogen-rich main channel water through backwater lakes. DTIC Drainage; Fresh Water; Lakes; Mississippi River (US); Nitrogen 20060048957 Leeds Univ., UK A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Development Under Microgravity Fairlie, R; Griffiths, J F; Pearlman, H; Aug 4, 2000; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453785; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The existence and spatial development of hydrocarbon cool flames in a spherical vessel under the influence of mass and thermal diffusion have been investigated by numerical methods. The purpose is to examine the nature of the interaction of the physics and chemistry that may drive an oscillatory reaction. The conditions correspond to those that would be experienced at zero gravity, as has been recently put to experimental test. Comparisons and contrasts with responses under perfectly mixed conditions are made. The numerical simulation was based on a skeleton thermokinetic scheme, derived from that of Yang and Gray, in a three-variable model representing two intermediate species and reactant temperature. Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions could be variously selected. The equations were cast in one dimension (spherical symmetry) and integrated using the numerical algorithm group routine D03PSF. The reactor surface was assumed to be inert. Both sustained oscillatory (i.e., multiple) and damped cool flames were predicted to exist under spatially uniform conditions resembling those reported in previous experimental studies. The phase relationship between the chemical species and temperature in sustained oscillation is demonstrated. The spatial development reveals the growth and decay of the reactive intermediate concentrations, with a corresponding expansion of a combustion front from the center of the reaction system to the edge. High concentrations of intermediates were sustained in the cooler periphery where reaction continued to be supported. Only at abnormally high mass diffusive fluxes could sustained oscillatory reaction be recovered. The dependence of oscillations on the magnitude of mass and thermal diffusion coefficients is explored. DTIC Flame Temperature; Flames; Hydrocarbons; Microgravity 20060048990 Air Force Research Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA USA Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios Rangaswamy, Muralidhar; Lin, Freeman C; Gerlach, Karl R; Jan 21, 2004; 14 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2304E8; Proj-304IN Report No.(s): AD-A453862; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper addresses the problem of radar target detection in severely heterogeneous clutter environments. Specifically, we present the performance of the normalized matched filter test in a background of disturbance consisting of clutter having a covariance matrix with known structure and unknown scaling plus background white Gaussian noise. It is shown that when the clutter covariance matrix is low rank, the (LRNMF) test retains invariance with respect to the unknown scaling as well as the background noise level and has an approximately constant false alarm rate (CFAR). Performance of the test depends only upon the number of elements, the number of pulses processed in a coherent processing interval, and the rank of the clutter covariance matrix. Analytical expressions for calculating the false alarm and detection probabilities are presented. Performance of the method is shown to degrade with increasing clutter rank especially for low false alarm rates. An adaptive version of the test (LRNAMF) is developed and its performance is studied with simulated data from the KASSPER program. Results pertaining to sample support for subspace estimation, CFAR, and detection performance are presented. Target contamination of training data has a deleterious impact on the performance of the test. Therefore, a technique known as self-censoring reiterative fast maximum likelihood/adaptive power residue (SCRFML/APR) is developed to treat this problem and its performance is discussed. The SCRFML/APR method is used to estimate the unknown covariance matrix in the 85

presence of outliers. This covariance matrix estimate can then be used in the LRNAMF or any other eigen-based adaptive processing technique. DTIC Clutter; Detection; Extremely Low Frequencies; Heterogeneity; Maximum Likelihood Estimates; Radar Targets; Residues; Signal Processing; Target Acquisition 20060049007 Army Natick Research and Development Command, MA USA Fluidized Bed Biodenitrification Process Wendt, T M; Heider, Jr , P F; Kaplan, A M; Aug 1978; 25 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453897; NATICK/TR-78/035; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A fluidized bed biodenitrification process was operated at bench-scale on simulated high nitrate waste waters. Early results with a cylindrical column were poor but very markedly improved with a change to a conical shaped column. Nitrate reduction efficiency with the conical column was excellent using either conventional alcohol carbon/energy sources or less conventional dairy whey and sugar beet molasses carbon/energy sources. Suitable conditions for the fluidized bed process were ensured by operating more conventional deep packed bed and mixed vessel systems concurrently with the fluidized bed. The fluidized bed process can be operated continuously with stable, highly efficient nitrate removal efficiency over long time periods on simulated munitions manufacturing westewater high in nitrate. DTIC Ammunition; Nitrates; Waste Water 20060049090 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seeding DeLapp, II, Charles J; May 2006; 96 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-06-111 Report No.(s): AD-A453578; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J01; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453578; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The purpose of this research effort was to study the use of non-intrusive particle seeding for Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Current seeding material and techniques involve the use of either solid particles or liquid mixtures which can contaminate or damage closed circuit wind tunnels, and in some cases can introduce a potential fire or explosive hazard. The proposed method is based on creating seed particles utilizing Carbon Dioxide (CO2). The CO2 would be dispensed into the flow as a liquid, immediately condensing to solid seed particles as they leave the spray nozzle. The advantage of using these particles is that they will sublimate from their solid state to harmless CO2 gas that would neither contaminate nor damage the tunnel and would not present a combustion hazard. The goal of this research is to determine if this technique is capable of yielding suitable CO2 seed particles, in an attempt to be able to ensure their suitability for Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Particle sizing data was acquired for a small-scale low-speed flow, and a size range on the order of 10 micrometers was a common result for a variety of different nozzle and flow conditions. It was determined that with little modification, a commercial CO2 cleaning device created enough suitably sized seed tracer particles to execute PIV measurements and a proof-of-concept was successfully demonstrated in a supersonic flow using this technique. DTIC Carbon Dioxide; Combustion; Liquids; Nonintrusive Measurement; Particle Image Velocimetry 20060049091 Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA USA Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma Kemmer, Teresa; Hansch, Steven; Wantanee, Kongsomboon; Bovill, Maria; Beisler, Karen L; Cheney, Carrie; Shell-Duncan, Bettina K; Drewnowski, Adam; Dec 2002; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453838; M02-33; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in refugees is reported to be among the major medical problems worldwide. Because food rations are typically inadequate in iwn, long-term reliance is a key predictor of anemia among displaced people. Comprehensive nutritional assessments of refugee children from Burma have not previously been completed. Refugee children aged 6-59 mo were studied to determine 1) the prevalences of anemia, iron deficiency (ID) and IDA and 2) the factors associated with anemia and ID. Cluster sampling in three camps and convenience sampling in two additional camps were used. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured and imol zinc protoporphyrin/mol heme were determined in 975 children. Logistic regression analyses (95% Cl) determined predictors of anemia and ID. The prevalences of IDA, anemia and ID in these 86

refugee children were 64.9, 72.0 and 85.4%, respectively. Predictors of anemia included young age (P 0.001), food ration lasting \h1 mo (P = 0.001), daily consumption of dietary iron inhibitors (P 0.05). weight-for-height Z-score of \h-2 (P 0.05), male gender (P 0.05) and uneducated father (P \h 0.001). Predictors of ID were young age (P \h 0.001) and recently reported illness (P \h 0.05). Laboratory tests confirmed that anemia and ID are major health problems among these refugee children and that ID is the leading cause of anemia. A comprehensive nutrition and public health-focused approach to combating anemia and ID is essential. Following the presentation of results to policy makers, the improvement of the micronutrient content of rations has been initiated. DTIC Anemias; Burma; Children; Diets; Food; Iron; Nutrition 20060049178 Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA, USA, Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1, 2002-February 28, 2006.) Singh, P. M.; Pawel, S. J.; Apr. 30, 2006; 156 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882855; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) This research project was initiated to examine details of the initiation and propagation of SAC in recovery boiler tubes. NTIS Boilers; Carbon Steels; Pipes (Tubes); Stress Corrosion 20060049179 Wyoming Univ., Laramie, WY, USA Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Final Report Jin, S.; Fallgren, P.; Mar. 2006; 30 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882853; WRI-06-R006; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Western Research Institute (WRI), in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), conducted a study of using the layered double hydroxides (LDH) as filter material to remove microorganisms, large biological molecules, certain anions and toxic oxyanions from various waste streams, including wastewater from refineries. Results demonstrate that LDH has a high adsorbing capability to those compounds with negative surface charge. Constituents studied include model bacteria, viruses, arsenic, selenium, vanadium, diesel range hydrocarbons, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), mixed petroleum constituents, humic materials and anions. This project also attempted to modify the physical structure of LDH for the application as a filtration material. Flow characterizations of themodified LDH materials were also investigated. Results to date indicate that LDH is a cost-effective new material to be used for wastewater treatment, especially for the treatment of anions and oxyanions. NTIS Crude Oil; Hydroxides; Industrial Wastes; Mining; Oils; Refining; Waste Water 20060049198 Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA USA Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Dehydrated Rats Matthew, Candance B; Bastille, Amy M; Gonzalez, Richard R; Sils, Ingrid V; Hoyt, Reed W; Jan 2004; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453854; M03-44; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453854; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Telemetry-equipped rats were subjected to hyperthermia (H, T sub c) = 41.5 deg C) with and without dehydration (D 9% loss of body weight) stresses. Time domain and spectral analysis of heart rate variability indicated that the dehydrated hyperthermic (DH) rats had increased sympathetic activity compared to H rats, and DH rats had decreased discriminated the more physiologically stressful of these states. These non-invasive measures of physiological strain discriminated the more physiologically stressful of these states. DTIC Dehydration; Heart Rate; Physiology; Rats; Variability 20060049202 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames Zegers, E J; Williams, B A; Sheinson, R S; Fleming, J W; Aug 2000; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453873; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453873; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy 87

In situ measurements of velocity and size distributions of initially monodisperse water mists of initial diameters ranging from 14 micrometers to 42 micrometers seeded into the air stream of non-premixed propane/air counterflow flames are reported. Droplets were generated piezoelectrically, and the size and velocity distributions and the number density were determined by phase-Doppler particle anemometry. Droplets having initial diameters of 18 micrometers underwent complete vaporization in a counterflow flame at a strain rate of approximately 170 s-1, while droplets of 30 micrometers penetrated slightly beyond the visible flame zone. Measurements of the effect of water droplets on the extinction strain rates of propane/air counterflow flames were performed. Droplets having initial diameters of 14 micrometers and 30 micrometers were found to have similar suppression effectiveness, while droplets of 42 micrometers were substantially less effective at reducing the extinction strain rates. Both the 14 micrometer and 30 micrometer water droplets were found to be more effective, on a mass basis, than CF3Br. The present experimental results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of recent modeling studies exploring the behavior of various sized water droplets in counterflow flame. DTIC Counterflow; Drops (Liquids); Fires; Flames; Fluid Dynamics; Premixed Flames; Water

20060049215 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Effects of Frequency and Environment on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg. C Hetrick, Griffin; Jun 2006; 118 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453928; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J05; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453928; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy Advances in aeronautical engineering in the 21st century depend upon materials that can perform well in extreme environments such as high temperatures and oxidizing conditions. Nextel(Trademark)720/Alumina (N720/A) is an oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite with a porous alumina matrix that has been identified as a candidate material for such applications. This research investigated the effects of frequency on fatigue response of N720/A at 1200C in both air and steam environment. Prior investigation of this material by Eber [8] in 2005 studied fatigue behavior at 1200C in air and in steam environments at the frequency of 1.0 Hz. The current research focused on fatigue response at the frequencies of 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz. Results of mechanical testing showed a significant decrease in fatigue performance in steam versus air. Specimens tested at 0.1 Hz exhibited shorter fatigue lives and smaller strains at failure than those tested at 10 Hz. Scanning Electron Micrographs of specimen fracture surfaces revealed higher degrees of fiber pull-out and greater variation in fiber failure locations in specimens tested at 10 Hz, indicating a weakening of the fiber/matrix interface. Qualitative assessment using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy showed correlations between frequency and amount of silicon species migration between fiber and matrix. DTIC Aluminum Oxides; Ceramic Matrix Composites; Environmental Tests; Frequencies; Oxides

20060049229 Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (Provisional), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices Lundquist, Arthur; Clarke, Steven; Bettin, William; Mar 2006; 20 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453953; USACHPPM-31-004-0306; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453953; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to potable water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. Understanding the ability of filtration to reduce disease-causing microorganisms in water is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats posed by these microorganisms. This information paper provides an in-depth review of filtration (including adsorption and ion exchange) as a pathogen and particulate reduction mechanism when treating natural waters. This paper is intended to assist the reader in evaluating the capabilities of IWPDs using size exclusion, adsorption, and/or ion exchange to reduce disease-causing bacteria, virus, and protozoan cyst populations, as well as turbidity causing particulate matter. DTIC Filtration; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Potable Water; Protection; Water Treatment 88

20060049230 Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (Provisional), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Electrochemically Generated Oxidant Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices Clarke, Steven; Bettin, William; Mar 2006; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453956; USACHPPM-31-003-0306; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453956; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. Such IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of electrochemically generated oxidants (EGO) to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats posed by these microorganisms. This information paper provides an in-depth review of on-site EGO as a disinfectant in potable water supplies. This paper is intended to assist the reader in evaluating the disinfection capabilities of IWPDs using EGO to kill or inactivate disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts. DTIC Antiseptics; Electrochemistry; Oxidizers; Potable Water; Purification; Water Treatment

20060049233 Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (Provisional), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices Clarke, Steven; Bettin, William; Mar 2006; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453960; USACHPPM-31-005-0306; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453960; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. Such IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of iodine to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats posed by these microorganisms. This information paper provides an in-depth review of iodine as a disinfectant in potable water supplies. This paper is intended to assist the reader in evaluating the disinfection capabilities of IWPDs using iodine to kill or inactivate disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts. DTIC Antiseptics; Iodine; Potable Water; Purification; Water Treatment

20060049237 Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (Provisional), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices Clarke, Steven; Bettin, William; Mar 2006; 15 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453968; USACHPPM-31-007-0306; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453968; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. These IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of chlorine dioxide to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats posed by these microorganisms. This information paper provides an in-depth review of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant in potable water supplies. This paper is intended to assist the reader in evaluating the disinfection capabilities of IWPDs using chlorine dioxide to kill or inactivate disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts. DTIC Antiseptics; Chlorine; Chlorine Compounds; Dioxides; Water; Water Treatment 89

20060049239 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Fiber Orientation Siegert, Gregory T; Jun 2006; 145 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453971; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J15; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453971; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy Aerospace applications require materials capable of maintaining superior mechanical properties while operating at high temperatures and oxidizing environments. Nextel(trademark) 720/A (N720/A), an oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite (CMC) with a porous alumina matrix was developed specifically to provide improved long-term properties and performance at 1200 deg C. This research evaluated the creep behavior of N720/A with a plus or minus 45 deg fiber orientation at 1200 deg C in: laboratory air, 100% steam, and 100% argon environments. Creep-rupture tests at the creep stress levels of: 45, 40, 35, and 15 MPa were conducted in each environment. DTIC Aluminum Oxides; Ceramic Fibers; Ceramic Matrix Composites; Creep Properties; Environmental Tests; Fiber Orientation; Oxidation; Oxides 20060049251 National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USA Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3-Butadiene Decomposition Tsang, Wing; Mokrushin, Vladmir; Aug 4, 2000; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453996; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453996; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Data on the decomposition of 1,3-butadiene have been analyzed. The numerous isomerization processes that have recently been proposed as additional channels for decomposition have been considered. Energy transfer effects have been taken into account through the solution of the time-dependent master equation. We confirm recent supposition that direct formation of ethylene and acetylene is a major reaction channel during the thermal decomposition of 1,3-butadiene. The isomerization to 1,2-butadiene and its subsequent decomposition to form propargyl and methyl is the next most important process. Almost no vinyl radicals are produced. The formation of the isomerization products, in contrast to those from the initial reactant, is generally characterized by long transients before the attainment of a steady state. Standard methods of treating processes where such reactions are important must be carefully analyzed. The calculations are calibrated with experimental results. It proved not to be possible to fit simultaneously all the experimental observations with the model. Rate expressions for the major decomposition and isomerization channels are presented. DTIC Butadiene; Constants; Decomposition; Reaction Kinetics 20060049289 National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USA Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame Behind a Step Grosshandler, William; Hamins, Anthony; McGrattan, Kevin; Charagundla, S R; Presser, Cary; Aug 2000; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454084; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454084; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Because of its many positive attributes, halon 1301, or trifluorobromomethane (CF3Br), has been used as a fire extinguishing agent in many applications, including aircraft, ships, and specialized structures. Due to its high ozone depletion potential, however, world-wide production was halted in 1994. In the search for a long-range replacement, novel types of extinguishing agents and delivery mechanisms are under development. To gauge the suitability of a replacement agent, methods are needed to evaluate the material’s suppression effectiveness under conditions that relate to field applications. In this study, a laboratory-scale facility has been developed to screen the suppression effectiveness of agents that are delivered in a transient fashion, such as solid propellant gas generators. The facility features a pool fire stabilized behind an obstruction, which is known to be a highly challenging suppression configuration. The character of the flame and the impact of the air flow, propane flow, obstruction geometry, and rate of agent addition on the amount of material needed for suppression are examined for N2 and CF3Br. The impact of the injection process on the flowfield and the transport of the agent downstream are examined. A simple mixing model is useful to explain the observed trend of decreasing suppressant mass fraction with increasing injection duration, even for agents as different as CF3Br and N2. Direct numerical simulation of the suppression event is shown to successfully predict the quantity and rate of N2 required to extinguish the flame based upon a published global reaction rate for premixed propane/air flame propagation. DTIC Fire Extinguishers; Flame Propagation; Premixed Flames 90

20060049290 National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USA Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Blends of Inert and Catalytic Agents Linteris, G T; Rumminger, M D; Babushok, V; Tsang, W; Aug 2000; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454085; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454085; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The production of the fire suppressant CF3Br has been banned, and finding a replacement with all of its desirable properties is proving difficult. Iron pentacarbonyl has been found to be up to several orders of magnitude more effective than CF3Br, but it is flammable and highly toxic. Ferrocene [Fe(C5H5)2], which is much less toxic and flammable than Fe(CO)5, can also be used to introduce iron into a flame. We present the first experimental data and numerical modeling for flame inhibition by ferrocene and find it to behave similarly to Fe(CO)5. A ferrocene mole fraction of 200 ppm reduced the burning velocity of slightly preheated premixed methane/air flames by a factor of two, and the effectiveness dropped off sharply at higher mole fractions. For air with a higher oxygen mole fraction, the burning velocity reduction was less. We also present experimental data and modeling for flames with ferrocene blended with CO2 or CF3H. The combination of the thermally acting agent CO2 with ferrocene mitigated the loss of effectiveness experienced by ferrocene alone at higher mole fractions. An agent consisting of 1.5% ferrocene in 98.5% CO2 performed as effectively as CF3Br in achieving a 50% reduction in burning velocity. Likewise, four times less CO2 was required to achieve the 50% reduction if 0.35% ferrocene was added to the CO2. In contrast, addition of 0.35% ferrocene to the hydrofluorocarbon CF3H reduced the CF3H required to achieve the 50% reduction in burning velocity by only about 25%. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations predict that the formation of iron/fluoride compounds can reduce the concentrations of the iron-species oxide and hydroxide intermediates which are believed to be responsible for the catalytic radical recombination cycles. DTIC Catalysts; Ferrocenes; Fire Extinguishers; Flames; Inhibitors; Mixtures 20060049349 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Characterization of Passivated Indium Antimonide Taylor, Catherine A; Jun 2006; 87 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454283; AFIT/GEO/ENP/06-03; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454283; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy Infrared absorption and photoluminescence measurements have been used to optically characterize bulk-grown, 680 micrometers thick, indium antimonide (InSb), both as-grown and after passivation by either anodization or a 700 Angstrom layer of silicon oxide (SiOx). Spectra were obtained using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Results include the effects of sample temperature in the range of 10 - 300 K and 4.636 micrometers laser pump power in the range of 28 mW to 1.43 W for the photoluminescence spectrum. DTIC Indium Antimonides; Infrared Radiation; Photoluminescence 20060049401 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Materials Processing Technology Groves, J F; Mattausch, G; Morgner, H; Hass, D D; Wadley, H N; Jan 2000; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454379; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454379; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Directed vapor deposition (DVD) is a recently developed electron beam-based evaporation technology designed to enhance the creation of high performance thick and thin film coatings on small area surfaces (generally 100 cm2 or less). DVD technology development has been driven by a desire to combine four processing capabilities into one industrially appealing system. These capabilities are: 1) very high rate deposition (5 micrometers/min and higher over a 100 cm2 area), 2) very high material utilization efficiencies (on 100 cm2 areas, efficiencies should at least triple that of other coating technologies), 3) precise control of growing film atomic structure, and 4) highly flexible definition of growing film atomic composition. These criteria have led to the development of a unique plasma-enhanced electron beam evaporation tool which will be described here. Initial experimental and modeling results will also be presented to demonstrate how the selected technology solution is allowing the desired processing features to be achieved. DTIC Low Vacuum; Vapor Deposition; Vapors 91

20060049449 Air Force Research Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA USA Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) with Small Molecules Viggiano, A A; Midey, Anthony J; Ehlerding, A; Sep 2006; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8718-04-C-0006; F61775-02-C-4032; Proj-2303EP4 Report No.(s): AD-A454488; AFRL-VS-HA-TR-2006-1083; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454488; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Rate constants and product distributions have been measured for a number of simple molecules reacting with ONOO(-) at 200 and 300K. NO, CO, H2, CH4, N2O, and H2O did not react with ONOO(-). HCl and HCN underwent proton transfer in addition to other competing channels. Charge transfer from ONOO(-) was observed exclusively with O3 and NO2. SO2 and HCl underwent exchange for NO in ONOO(-). HCN was the only substance to show substantial chemistry, producing CNO(-) and NO2(-) in addition to the proton transfer channel. Rate constants for the reactive substances were generally rapid, occurring at \g10% of the collision rate constant. DTIC Chemical Reactions; Molecules; Reaction Kinetics 20060049463 Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sensitive Equipment Decontamination Severin, Kay; May 2006; 11 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N62558-04-M-0010 Report No.(s): AD-A454541; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454541; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A ruthenium porphyrin catalyst with styrene side chains was incorporated into a highly cross-linked polymer by co-polymerization with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of a chloroform porogen. Oxidation reactions catalyzed by the resulting polymer were accelerated when perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PFMC) was used as a co-solvent. Moreover, the PFMC co-solvent was found to change the substrate selectivity of the catalytic reactions. Both effects could be explained by a PFMC-induced partitioning of substrates and oxidant into the polymeric, catalyst containing matrix. DTIC Catalysts; Decontamination; Oxidation; Polymers; Sensitivity 20060049465 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved, Prague, Czechoslovakia COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical Generation of Atomic Iodine Kodymova, Jarmila; Jul 31, 2005; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-05-M-4027 Report No.(s): AD-A454549; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454549; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Physics Academy of Science as follows: 1) Experimental investigation of kinetics of atomic iodine generation via F atoms based on the chemical reaction of F2 with NO, and a sequential reaction of F with HI performed on a small-scale device will provide detailed information about feasibility and efficiency of this method for a COIL. 2) Experimental investigations of the small signal gain distribution and laser generation on the supersonic COIL device modified for injections of gaseous reactants will provide detailed results on the most efficient and advantageous location of atomic iodine injection into the singlet oxygen flow in the laser. 3) More sophisticated computational CFD model of this reaction system will be developed to optimizing the mixing conditions and interpret experimental results. DTIC Atoms; Chemical Lasers; Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Lasers; Chemical Reactions; Iodine; Lasers; Reaction Kinetics 20060049472 Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp., Redondo Beach, CA USA Xenon Feed System Progress Barbaritis, Joseph K; King, Paul T; Jan 2006; 12 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F04611-00-C-0055 Report No.(s): AD-A454564; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454564; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper reports on Moog’s efforts to support the design, development, assembly and test of an electric propulsion 92

xenon feed system for a flight technology demonstration program. Major accomplishments include: 1) Utilization of the Moog Proportional Flow Control Valve (PFCV), for the purpose of propellant isolation, pressure, and flow control. With pressure transducer feedback, the PFCV has successfully fed xenon to a 200 watt Hall Effect Thruster in a Technology Demonstration Program. The feed system has demonstrated throttling of xenon, from a very high inlet pressure of 2200 psia, through single stage modulation, to low, absolute pressures of 2.5 to 5.5 psia, accurately controlling them to within +/- 0.025 psia with the PFCV. 2) Integration, and manifolding of an entire flight Propulsion System pneumatic circuit. 3) Charging of a flight Propulsion System with certified clean xenon gas for flight application. DTIC Control Valves; Feed Systems; Hall Thrusters; Proportional Control; Xenon 20060049599 Thermal Design and Analysis of the Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injector Ferrante, Fred A; Chen, Felix F; Jul 12, 2006; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F04611-02-C-0001; Proj-4847 Report No.(s): AD-A454613; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy A new rocket engine design concept has been proposed that combusts a portion of the propellant flow in the nozzle section. This concept which is called Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) allows for higher thrust at takeoff and a more optimum nozzle design that avoids flow separation at sea level conditions. The TAN injector is a cooled nozzle section downstream of the throat that injects propellants that combust and provides additional thrust. The TAN injector has similar design issues associated with conventional rocket engine injectors with the additional design challenge of combustion products flowing over the TAN injector. In order to demonstrate this new engine design concept, Aerojet designed, manufactured, and hot fire tested a subscale version of this engine. The thermal design process and results are presented herein. The derivation of gas side boundary conditions are based on test data and CFD analysis. The coolant side boundary conditions are based on conventional correlations for the propellants. Test data are also presented. DTIC Design Analysis; Exhaust Nozzles; Injectors; Thermal Analysis; Thermodynamic Properties; Thrust Augmentation 20060049609 Air Force Research Lab., Edwards AFB, CA USA Electronic Structure Studies of Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Zorn, Deborah D; Gordon, Mark S; Boatz, Jerry A; Jan 2006; 11 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2303 Report No.(s): AD-A454629; AFRL-PR-ED-JA-2006-289; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy New energetic ionic liquids are investigated as potential high energy density materials. Ionic liquids are composed of large, charge-diffuse cations, coupled with various (usually oxygen containing) anions. In this work, calculations have been performed on the tetrazolium cation with a variety of substituents. Density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional, using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set was used to optimize geometries. Improved treatment of dynamic electron correlation was obtained using second order perturbation theory (MP2). Heats of formation of the cation with different substituent groups were calculated using isodesmic reactions and Gaussian-2 calculations on the reactants. The cation was paired with oxygen rich anions CIO4-, NO3-, or N(NO2)2- and those structures were optimized using both DFT and MP2. The reaction pathway for proton transfer from the cation to the anion was investigated. DTIC Electronic Structure; Liquids; Solvents 20060049679 Air Force Research Lab., Edwards AFB, CA USA Electronic Structure Studies of High Energy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) Zorn, Deborah D; Gordon, Mark S; Boatz, Jerry A; Jan 18, 2006; 37 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2303 Report No.(s): AD-A454752; AFRL-PR-ED-JA-2006-017; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy New energetic ionic liquids are investigated as potential high energy density materials. Ionic liquids are composed of large, charge-diffuse cations, coupled with various (usually oxygen containing) anions. In this work, calculations have been performed on thetetrazolium cation with a variety of substituents. Density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional, using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set was used to optimize geometries. Improved treatment of dynamic electron correlation was obtained using second order perturbation theory (MP2). Heats of formation of the cation with different substituent groups were 93

calculated using isodesmic reactions and Gaussian-2 calculations on the reactants. The cation was paired with oxygen rich anions ClO4(-), NO3(-), or N(NO2)2(-) and those structures were optimized using both DFT and MP2. The reaction pathway for proton transfer from the cation to the anion was investigated. DTIC Cations; Electronic Structure; Liquids 20060049691 Southampton Univ., UK Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Liquid Crystals Kaczmarek, Malgosia; Sep 3, 2005; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-05-1-3033 Report No.(s): AD-A454768; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy This report results from a contract tasking University of Southampton as follows: The main objectives of this exploratory, short project will concern the study of the quality of liquid crystal cells with diluted suspensions of ferroelectric nanoparticles and their photorefractive properties. We will use ferroelectric nanoparticles of photorefractive material: thiohypodiphosphate (Sn2P2S6). The actual nano-particles have been produced by a method (fine mechanical grinding), tested earlier. Sn2P2S6 nanoparticles proved, so far, to be the most efficient in enhancing dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystals. As liquid crystal hosts, Merck E7 or ZLI 4801 will be used and cells will be prepared in two configurations. The first configuration will have standard, non-photosensitive aligning layers on both substrates, such as polyimide or low-ionic surfactant. The second configuration will include a photosensitive PVK:C60 layer on one substrate of the cell, instead of polyimide. The LC DSFNP cells with the highest quality will be tested for two-beam coupling gain and the magnitude of diffraction. DTIC Anisotropy; Dielectrics; Doped Crystals; Ferroelectricity; Liquid Crystals; Nanoparticles 20060049729 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Modeling Impacts for Cold-Gas Dynamic Spray de Rosset, William S; Sep 2006; 32 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454830; ARL-TR-3890; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A one-dimensional penetration model has been developed to analyze the cold-gas dynamic spray process in hopes of establishing a constant minimum normalized penetration depth for particle adhesion. The simple model was in disagreement with results extrapolated from published copper-on-steel impact data. Possible reasons for the disagreement are discussed. A possible bonding mechanism is proposed that is dependent on the flow properties of both the particle and substrate. DTIC Adhesion; Cold Gas; Sprayers 20060049736 Arizona Univ., Tucson, AZ USA Dynamic Compressive Responses and Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics Under High Confinement Chen, Weinong W; Jun 30, 2005; 10 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-02-1-0254 Report No.(s): AD-A454837; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We developed a novel dynamic loading/reloading experimental technique modified from a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) to determine the dynamic properties and to record the damage/failure modes in the ceramic specimen, in which a ceramic specimen was loaded by two consecutive stress pulses. The first pulse determines the dynamic response of the intact ceramic material and then crushes the specimen to a desired damage level. The second pulse then determines the dynamic compressive constitutive behavior of the damaged but still interlocked ceramic specimen. The first pulses were slightly varied to control the damage levels in the ceramic specimen while the second pulse was maintained identical. The damage modes in a hot-pressed silicon carbide (SiC-N) specimen have been correlated to its dynamic compressive response at high strain rates. The results show that the compressive strengths of damaged ceramics depend on a critical level of damage, below which the specimen retains its load-bearing capacity and only axial cracks are observed in the specimen. When the specimen is critically damaged, axial cracks and isolated pulverized regions are observed. When the specimen id damaged beyond the critical level, the ceramic specimen is crushed into cracked particles with pulverized (comminuted) materials along the particle boundaries, which displays a granular flow behavior in its stress-strain curve. DTIC Ceramics; Compressibility; Confinement; Dynamic Loads; Dynamic Response; Failure; Impact Loads; Silicon Carbides 94

20060049774 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transparent AION and MgAl2O4 Patel, Parimal J; Swab, Jeffrey J; Staley, Mark; Quinn, George D; Jul 2006; 20 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454880; ARL-TR-3852; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Hardness is a widely reported mechanical property for materials. Aluminum oxynitride (A1ON) and magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) are two important materials for some U.S. Army applications since they can be transparent in their polycrystalline form. In many of these military applications, harder materials tend to perform better, hence it is necessary to properly measure and compare hardness values of competing materials. Measuring the hardness of most ceramics is straightforward, but comparing the hardness data for different ceramics can be complicated due to the well-known indentation size effect (ISE). This report describes the determination of the Vickers hardness-load curves for transparent A1ON and MgA12O4 in a load range between 0.98 and 19 N. Both materials exhibited a significant decrease in hardness with increasing load. The critical hardness (the point at which fracture, rather than plastic deformation, is dominant around the indentation) of spinel and A1ON was found to be 13.5 and 16.8 GPa, respectively, which differs from other investigations that did not take into account the ISE. DTIC Aluminates; Hardness; Indentation; Mechanical Properties; Transparence 20060049860 Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL Williams, Daniel J; Bevilacqua, Vicky L; Creasy, William R; McGarvey, David J; Rice, Jeffrey S; De Leon, Christopher L; Sanders, Melanie J; McKineey, Bradley J; Durst, H D; May 2006; 19 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD13-03-D0017 Report No.(s): AD-A454991; ECBC-TR-431; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The destruction of chemical warfare agents (CWA’s), particularly 0-ethyl- S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methyiphosponothiolate (VX), has been the focus of many articles in the popular media and in professional news journals such as Chemical and Engineering News.1,2,3 One of the main concerns with CWA detoxification is the potential threat that hydrolysis by-products may be recovered for reuse in CWA synthesis.2 There is also concern about the transport, treatment, and disposal of hydrolysate among environmental groups and citizen stake-holders in states where the proposed destruction is to occur.2 Truly environmentally friendly means of detoxifying CWAs have yet to be developed, and the possibility of using alum and alum mixtures may be one feasible attractive alternative. Trapping hydrolysis by-products in a coagulant floc can make them very difficult to recover. Municipal water treatment facilities have a long history of using alum (aluminum sulfate) and alum mixtures as coagulants in the purification and finishing of drinking water. Our previous studies have shown alum and alum buffered by the addition of sodium aluminate to be effective in the destruction of G agents, particularly pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GD).4 The work we did with VX, however, was inconclusive owing to the lack of internal standards to determine the initial amount of agent loss upon treatment. Rate studies without controls seemed to indicate that VX was susceptible to alum treatment, and literature precedent indicated that solid state Al203 nano-particles were also effective to a degree in destroying %%5 Furthermore, the question arose as to whether alum and alum buffers would be useful in destroying the phosphorus-based precursor of VX, O-ethyl-O’-[(2-isopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonite (OL). Hydrolysis kinetics have been studied for a large number of CWAs,5,6,7 and all indications are that the rates are pH dependent. DTIC Alum; Chemical Warfare; Decomposition 20060050022 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Friction Stir Processing and Fusion Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Bronze Fuller, Michael D; Mar 2006; 87 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454290; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454290; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is currently being developed for applications including as-cast Nickel- Aluminum Bronze (NAB). Fabrication and repair of the USA Navy’s NAB propellers involve fusion welding of as-cast NAB and so it is probable that FSP is likely to encounter as deposited weld metal as well as the more slowly cooled as-cast material. Here, the microstructure and resulting distribution of mechanical properties was examined for a fusion weld overlay, an FSP stir zone and an FSP stir zone that was placed in fusion weld metal. As-deposited weld metal exhibited a refined Widmanst tten morphology and higher yield and ultimate strengths as well as increased ductility in comparison to base metal. However, the heat affected zone (HAZ) exhibited severely reduced ductility. Strength and ductility varied throughout the FSP stir zone. The 95

reduction in ductility in the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and HAZ was less for FSP than for the fusion weld. FSP over a fusion weld resulted in strengths and ductility s similar to those produced by FSP alone, although a region of low ductility was observed at a location where stir zone weld metal and base metal were all present. DTIC Aluminum; Bronzes; Friction; Friction Stir Welding; Fusion Welding; Nickel; Propellers

20060050123 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of FOX-7 Burnham, A. K.; Weese, R. K.; Wang, R.; Kwork, Q. S. M.; Jones, D. E. G.; Jul. 14, 2005; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881644; UCRL-CONF-213671; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Since it was developed in the late 1990s, 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7), with lower sensitivity and comparable performance to RDX, has received increasing interest. This paper will present our results for the phase changes of FOX-7 using DSC and HFC (Heat Flow Calorimetry). DSC thermal curves recorded at linear heating rates of 0.10, 0.35 and 1.0 C min(sup-1) show two endothermic peaks and two exothermic peaks. The two endothermic peaks represent solid-solid phase transitions, which have been observed in the literature at 114 C ((beta)-(gamma)) and 159 C ((gamma)-(delta)) by both DSC and XPD (X-ray powder diffraction) measurements. The first transition shifts from 114.5 to 115.8 C as the heating rate increases from 0.10 to 1.0 C min(sup-1), while the second transition shifts from 158.5 to 160.4 C. Cyclical heating experiments show the endotherms and exotherms for a first heating through the (gamma) phase to the (delta) phase, a cooling and reversion to the (alpha) or (beta) phase, and a second heating to the (gamma) and (delta) phases. The data are interpreted using kinetic models with thermodynamic constraints. NTIS Diffraction; Heat Measurement; Kinetics; Phase Transformations

20060050124 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystallization Gee, R. H.; Lacevic, N. M.; Fried, L.; Jul. 11, 2005; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881633; UCRL-CONF-213508; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Large scale molecular dynamics simulations of bulk melts of polar (poly(vinylidene fluoride) (pVDF)) polymers are utilized to study chain conformation and ordering prior to crystallization under cooling. While the late stages of polymer crystallization have been studied in great detail, recent theoretical and experimental evidence indicates that there are important phenomena occurring in the early stages of polymer crystallization that are not understood to the same degree. When the polymer melt is quenched from a temperature above the melting temperature to the crystallization temperature, crystallization does not occur instantaneously. This initial interval without crystalline order is characterized as an induction period. It has been thought of as a nucleation period in the classical theories of polymer crystallization, but recent experiments, computer simulations, and theoretical work suggest that the initial period in polymer crystallization is assisted by a spinodal decomposition type mechanism. In this study we have achieved physically realistic length scales to study early stages of polymer ordering, and show that spinodal-assisted ordering prior to crystallization is operative in polar polymers suggesting general applicability of this process. NTIS Crystallization; Molecular Dynamics; Simulation

20060050147 Savannah River Lab., Aiken, SC, USA, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical Univ., Tallahassee, FL, USA Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content Brigmon, R. L.; Stanhope, A.; Franck, M. M.; McKinsey, P. C.; Berry, C. J.; January 2006; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881558; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge No abstract available Biomass; Chlorination; Contamination; Fatty Acids; Microbiology 96

20060050156 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Refractive Index Determination of Biological Particles Hart, Sean J; Leski, Tomasz A; Jul 31, 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454180; NRL/MR/6110--06-8967; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454180; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Refractive indices of biological particles have been determined using a new quantitative method based upon phase contrast immersion spectrometry. The new technique is sensitive, accurate, and requires only an optical transmission spectrophotometer and index matching fluids. The method was developed and tested using colloidal silica standard samples. Refractive indices for bacterial spores have been determined, and the results compared favorably with available data in the literature. DTIC Refractivity; Particles 20060050195 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Complex Radioactive High Level Radioactive Waste Subramanian, K. H.; Wiersma, B. J.; January 2006; 22 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882689; WSRC-MS-2006-00004; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Radioactive waste is stored in underground storage tanks at the Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS). The waste tanks, made of ASTM A537 steel, store a combination of salts, consisting primarily of sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, and sodium hydroxide. An assessment of the potential degradation mechanisms of the high level waste (HLW) tanks determined that nitrate-induced pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking were the two most significant degradation mechanisms. Specifically, nitrate-induced stress corrosion cracking was determined to be the principal degradation mechanism for the primary tank steel. Sodium hydroxide and nitrite are used to inhibit nitrate-induced stress corrosion cracking and nitrate-induced pitting corrosion in the liquid phase of the waste tanks. General corrosion is also prevented by the inhibitor levels specified for these two localized corrosion modes. The corrosion control program is based upon empirical data used to determine vulnerability to stress corrosion cracking and pitting at typical compositions of waste. NTIS Carbon Steels; Corrosion; Liquid Air; Low Carbon Steels; Radioactive Wastes; Vapors

26 METALS AND METALLIC MATERIALS Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of metals and metallic materials; and metallurgy.

20060048187 Savannah River National Lab., Aiken, SC, USA Macroscopic Cracking Determination in LaBS Glass Aug. 01, 2005; 18 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881503; WSRC-RP-2005-01702; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The DOE/EM plans to conduct the Plutonium Vitrification Project at the Savannah River Site (SRS). An important part of this project is to reduce the attractiveness of the plutonium by fabricating a plutonium glass form and immobilizing the Pu form within the high level waste (HLW) glass prepared in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). This requires that a project schedule that is consistent with EM plans for DWPF and cleanup of the SRS be developed. Critical inputs to key decisions in the vitrification project schedule are near-term data that will increase confidence that the lanthanide borosilicate (LabS) glass product is suitable for disposal in the Yucca Mountain Repository. A workshop was held on April 28, 2005 at Bechtel SAIC Company (BSC) facility in Las Vegas, NV to define the near term data needs. Dissolution rate data and the fate of plutonium oxide and the neutron absorbers during the dissolution process were defined as key data needs. A suite of short-term tests were defined at the workshop to obtain the needed data. The objectives of these short-term tests are to obtain data that can be used to show that the dissolution rate of a LaBS glass is acceptable and to show that the extent of Pu separation from neutron absorbers, as the glass degrades and dissolves, is not likely to lead to critically concerns. NTIS Borosilicate Glass; Glass; Plutonium Oxides 97

20060048632 American Bureau of Shipping, Alexandria, VA USA Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Howser, B C; Tanner, M J; Sep 1987; 55 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453237; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453237; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Newly developed high-strength steels produced by advanced steelmaking techniques and thermomechanical processing are shown to have toughness and weldability superior to those of conventionally heat treated, quenched and tempered steels. The above was confirmed by small-scale toughness testing and by controlled thermal severity testing to determine heat-affected zone cracking susceptibility. Small-scale testing of shielded metal arc weldments was also conducted. In view of their superior toughness and weldability these newly developed high strength steels should be useful for applications such as low temperature ship service, offshore structure service especially in harsh environments, and as a potential replacement for HY80/100 steels. DTIC High Strength Alloys; High Strength Steels; Marine Technology; Ships; Steels; Weldability 20060048684 Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Square Butt Pipe Welding Langhelm, J; Scheltens, James; Apr 1996; 76 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453318; NSRP-0485; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453318; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The main objective of this project was the development of welding techniques and procedures to economically weld fabricate pipe. X-ray quality full penetration square butt weld joints were expected. Significant cost savings can be achieved through the reduction in pipe fitting and welding man-hours by utilization of a saw cut square butt joint design. The investigation of the various weld techniques and joint configurations are detailed in this final report to the National Shipbuilding Research Program’s SP-7 committee on Welding. DTIC Butt Joints; Fittings; Marine Technology; Pipes (Tubes); Ships; Welded Joints; Welding 20060048686 Peterson Builders, Inc., Sturgeon Bay, WI USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning Methods and Tooling Evaluation Blomquist, Paul A; Dec 1995; 106 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453320; NSRP-0455; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453320; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy Equipment and technologies which could be used to simultaneously clean three surfaces of shipbuilding steels for subsequent welding operations have been surveyed. Two commercially available three-edge methods (closed circuit grit blasting and multiple-head wire bmshing) were evaluated. Five other methods were tested: laser beam stripping, high-pressure water blasting, high velocity oxy-fiel (HvOF) flame stripping, vacuum-shrouded needle-gunning, and carbon dioxide (CO2) bead blasting. Results of the survey are presented in a comparison table, and discussed in detail. For each method, production speed, approximate acquisition cost, consumables used, and environmental effects are considered. Where applicable, equipment was demonstrated at the manufacturer’s or vendor’s facility. A commercially available vacuum-recovery recirculating grit-blast unit was tested in a shipyard. The grit-blast unit was seen to be slower than manual grinding for three-sufface cleaning. A flat-surface recirculating grit blast head proved significantly faster than manual grinding in the cleaning of butt joint grooves fit for welding with ceramic backings. Cleaned surfaces were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Safety, environmental, and ergonomic aspects were reviewed. DTIC Cleaning; Marine Technology; Ships; Steels; Tooling 20060048696 Air Force Research Lab., Eglin AFB, FL USA Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Modelling of Textured Metals and Validation Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Test Plunket, B; Cazacu, O; Barlat, F; Lebensohn, R A; Jun 2006; 41 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453336; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453336; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 98

An elastic-viscoplastic model for describing the anisotropic high-strain rate behavior of both low-symmetry and high-symmetry textured materials is proposed. Yielding is described using a recently developed criterion which can capture simultaneously anisotropy and compression-tension asymmetry associated with deformation twinning. The anisotropy coefficients as well as the size of the elastic domain are considered to be fimctions of the accumulated plastic strain. The specific expressions for the evolution laws are determined using a multi-scale methodology, i.e. experimental measurements of crystallographic texture and uniaxial stress-strain curves, polycrystalline calculations, and macroscopic scale interpolation techniques. An overstress approach is used to incorporate rate effects in the formulation. Applications of the model to the description of the high strain-rate response of low-symmetry (hexagonal-close-packed zirconium) and high- symmetry (body-centered-cubic tantalum) pre-textured metals are presented. The very good agreement between the simulated and experimental post-test geometries of the Taylor impact specimens in terms of major and minor side profiles and impact-interface footprints shows the ability of the model to describe with fidelity the differences in the evolution of anisotropy between zirconium and tantalum. DTIC Anisotropy; Impact Tests; Metals; Viscoplasticity 20060048711 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Army Main Battle Tank Components Champagne, Victor; Pepi, Marc; Edwards, Brian; Jul 2006; 45 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453366; ARL-TR-3849; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453366; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This report discusses the successful application of electrospark deposition (ESD) to reclaim expensive U.S. Army main battle tank components which had no other means of being repaired. The components included the M1A1 main battle tank cradle (fabricated from AISI 4130 steel, then chrome plated) and the M1A1 helical (sun) gear shaft (chrome-plated AISI 9310). These parts had exhibited large corrosion pits and wear in service. Systems were dead-lined based on the discovery of these anomalies during inspection and the fact that insufficient replacement parts were available. There was no approved repair procedure for these components, and conventional weld repair technologies had been eliminated at Anniston Army Depot (ANAD), AL, to repair large pits. Approximately 8% of the vehicles overhauled at ANAD were defective, and deeply corroded parts were removed from the systems and put in storage. Emphasis of this report is placed upon the ESD process development and qualification. DTIC Carburizing; Corrosion; Deposition; Electrodeposition; Maintenance 20060048737 American Bureau of Shipping, NY USA Visual Reference Standards for Weld Surface Conditions (Phase 2) Stern, I L; Wheatcroft, M F; Ku, D Y; Waite, R F; Cantore, D; Aug 1985; 21 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453417; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453417; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Samples were produced illustrating three types of weld surface condition. Roughness and irregular contour samples were produced at three severity levels in butt and fillet welds; reentrant angle samples of butt and fillet welds were produced illustrating various angles around 90 degrees. The samples could form the basis for a guide for the description and evaluation of weld surface conditions which could be applicable to various structural and pressure vessel applications. The use of such illustrations, replicated as plastic models, could reduce the frequency of making physical measurements of weld surface conditions, and also reduce subjective considerations in evaluating weld surface conditions. DTIC Inspection; Surface Properties; Visual Observation; Welded Joints 20060049227 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI-6AL-4V Under Fretting Murray, Karl N; Jun 5, 2006; 75 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453949; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J12; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453949; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The effects of changes in the coefficient of friction (CoF) between the contacting surfaces on the fretting wear characteristics of Cu-Al coating on Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. This Cu-Al coating is part of a system that is applied to 99

titanium turbine blades to reduce fretting at the interface. In the application, there is a solid lubricant that is added on top of the coating as an assembly aid and to help reduce the friction while the lubricant remains within the contact. Previous studies have researched the characteristics of the coating without the additional lubricant. In this study, liquid motor oil was applied to the contact region to simulate real-world conditions with a lower CoF. To characterize the wear, several methods were used, the most useful being the accumulated dissipated energy method. The accumulated relative displacement method did not take into account the differences between the tangential forces for tests conducted at different CoF values, whereas the dissipated energy method did. The wear characteristics of tests conducted in the current study were similar to those of a previous study, conducted at a higher CoF, when analyzed with the dissipated energy method, but this was most likely due to the ambiguity of the calculated wear volumes. DTIC Aluminum Alloys; Aluminum Coatings; Coating; Copper; Fretting; Metal Coatings; Titanium Alloys; Turbine Blades; Vanadium Alloys; Wear

20060049263 Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA USA Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) Nelson, Steve; Dwight, J; Heagy, Dale; Mortvedt, D; Houghteling, Bob; Gatto, Frank; Coglizer, D; Mar 1990; 163 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454024; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454024; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The principles of flame straightening, long in use on plate structures in shipbuilding, have been applied to the problem of precision alignment of fluid system piping in shipbuiding and overhaul. Reduction of residual stresses by elimination of mechanically applied stresses to pipes for alignment prior to welding or bolting in place is a desirable objective. This project is a first effort to develop techniques of heat control and patterns of heating to achieve alignment without adverse effects to base metal. Extensive test in has been performed and results documented to provide aata base for refinement of procedures to be used in ship production and overhaul. It was not possible within available time and funding to reach definitive conclusions on CRES pipes, however for carbon steel and copper-nickel alloys, the report shows positive results. No significant detrimental effects of repeated controlled heating were found and sufficient bending is produced to warrant use of flame bending of carbon steel and copper-nickel pipe in shipbuilding. DTIC Alignment; Bending; Control Boards; Flames; Marine Technology; Pipes (Tubes); Ships

20060049285 National Steel and Shipbuilding Co., San Diego, CA USA Work Planning for Shipyard Surface Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A Training Manual) Jan 1987; 514 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454078; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454078; Avail.: CASI: A22, Hardcopy No abstract available Coating; Education; Marine Technology; Ships; Shipyards; Surface Finishing

20060049304 American Bureau of Shipping, Paramus, NJ USA High Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurgical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Stern, I L; Ku, D Y; Waite, R F; Wheatcroft, M; Hanzalek, W; Aug 1987; 31 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454136; NSRP-0281; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454136; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The immediate objective of this investigation was to explore the potential advantages of new high strength (65 to 120 ksi yield) steels produced by advanced steel making and on-line processing techniques for marine applications. A longer term objective is to facilitate the introduction to the shipbuilding industry of the new high strength steels processed by advanced on-line processing techniques with toughness and weldability properties beyond those currently available. The study has provided a preliminary characterization of newly developed steels with yield strengths varying from 65 ksi to 120 ksi. On the basis of the preliminary data obtained. it appears that by use of advanced metallurgical processes. high strength steels can be produced which provide improved toughness and weldability; the alloying elements required for such steels could be 100

substantially lower than that required for conventionally processed quenched and tempered steels of the same strength and toughness levels. DTIC High Strength Steels; Marine Technology; Ships; Welding 20060049315 Coast Guard, Baltimore, MD USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Patrol Boat Moore, Scott S; Banker, John G; Sep 1992; 11 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454173; NSRP-0363; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454173; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Construction of the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Leopold, the lead ship of the 36 m (120 ft) Heritage Class, is discussed. A new Structural Critical Aluminum-Steel Transition (SCAST) product, Duratemp II’ was selected for the welding transitions between the aluminum deck house and steel deck. The explosion bonded material’s higher strength and toughness permitted use of lighter, narrower transition joints (1 cm (0.375’) wide x 2 cm (0.75’) thick) than are permissible with traditional materials. The unique heat resistance of the material permitted cutting and welding of the small section joints without overheating. The need for corner butt joints was reduced due to the product’s reliable bendability. Welding procedures and Quality Assurance procedures are discussed in detail. fabricability, and proven corrosion resistance. This was the first shipboard installation to use this material. The USCG, in cooperation with the manufacturer, chose a 1 cm (0.375’) wide x 2 cm (0.75’) thick transition joint for use in joining the pilot and deck-house to the steel deck. Fabrication of traditional Aluminum/Steel transition joint materials using bars of this small of a cross-section is generally considered unreliable. Traditional aluminum/steel transition joint products can be significantly degraded if the bond zone is heated above 260 degrees C (500 degrees F) during welding. DTIC Aluminum; Coasts; Conferences; Construction; Marine Technology; Patrols; Ships; Steels 20060049336 Litton Industries, Pascagoula, MS USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Evaluation and Improvements Gaines, Ed; Banker, John; Aug 1990; 22 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454245; NSRP-0320; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454245; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Aluminum to steel explosion welded transition joints are used to attach aluminum superstructures to steel hulls. Transition joint bond separation sometimes occurs during ship construction. Ingalls Shipbuilding conducted a long term study to determine causes and corrective action for these separations. The aluminum/steel transition joints are manufactured by the explosion bonding process and tested in accordance with MIL-J-24445. Traditional transition joints consist of alloyed aluminum bonded to mild steel with an interlayer of low alloy aluminum. The study reviewed transition joint manufacture and quality testing required by the material specification, reviewed the adequacy of design guidelines and production practices, and considered cost effective methods for corrective action. Modifications in product design and testing, installation design and shipyard production practices can improve reliability. The most important result of this study was development of material with improved Properties. This paper relates the study procedure, findings and recommendations so that transition joint separations can be avoided on future installations. This information is useful for designers and transition joint users. DTIC Aluminum; Aluminum Alloys; Conferences; Marine Technology; Metal Joints; Ships; Steels; Welded Joints 20060049338 Litton Industries, Pascagoula, MS USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes McClellan, R W; Aug 1990; 20 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454250; NSRP-0320; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454250; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This report presents the results of a project initialed by SP-7, the Welding R&D Panel of the Ship Production Committee of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. The project was financed through a cost sharing contract between 101

the U.S. Maritime Administration and Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc. The principal objective was to develop data on the longitudinal and transverse shear strength of flux cored are welding filler metals. Consistently higher shear strength properties of flux core over solid wire and conventional electrodes would provide a basis for implementing smaller, more cost effective fillet weld requirements in ship structures. DTIC Arc Welding; Conferences; Cores; Electrodes; Fillets; Marine Technology; Shear Strength; Ships; Weld Strength; Welded Joints 20060049342 Dayton Univ. Research Inst., OH USA Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Research and Development (R&R) Support: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Earth Magnets Liu, Shiqiang S; Mar 2006; 53 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-02-D-2299-0030; Proj-3145 Report No.(s): AD-A454269; UDR-TR-2006-00050; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454269; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy High performance bulk anisotropic nanograin composite Nd2Fe14B/Fe and Nd2Fe14B/Fe-Co magnets were successfully synthesized using hot compacting blended Nd-Fe-B and ?Fe-Co powders or coated ND-Fe-B powders followed by a subsequent hot deformation. Using both techniques, (BH)max could reach 45-55 MGOe. In addition, bulk anisotropic hybrid nanograin Pr2Fe14B/PrCo5 magnets with improved thermal stability were synthesized, and nanograin Sm2(Co, Fe) 17Fe-Co magnets were studied. DTIC Composite Materials; Deformation; Magnets; Nanocomposites; Nanostructures (Devices); Propulsion; Rare Earth Alloys 20060049350 Manchester Univ., UK Deformation Microstructure in Beta-Titanium After Deformation at Low Temperatures Humphreys, F J; Bate, P S; Brough, I; Jun 2005; 45 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-04-1-3062 Report No.(s): AD-A454286; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454286; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This report results from a contract tasking University of Manchester (UMIST) as follows: The contractor shall investigate cell boundary misorientations, alignments, and stored energies in a beta titanium alloy subjected to cold work. The contractor shall use a beta Ti alloy that is stable and single-phase at room temperature. The contractor shall evaluate the microstructure of the material after deformation at room temperature and at temperatures up to ~400C. Both channel die compression and rolling will be used to deform the material. Both optical as well as scanning electron microscopy will be used to characterize the resulting microstructures. Electron Backscatter Diffraction will be used to measure the grain and cell misorientations. DTIC Deformation; Low Temperature; Microstructure; Titanium; Titanium Alloys 20060049371 Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., VA USA Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA Steels Mar 1989; 182 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454326; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454326; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Bethlehem Steel proposed to SP-7 to conduct a study to evaluate the benefits of new higher strength low alloy (HSLA) steels. In Phases I and II, we would determine the ability of the new HSLA steels to withstand high welding heat inputs, without using sustained preheat, and have only limited heat zone degradation. Yield points to be attained were 80 ksi through 3 inches thick; 75 ksi through 5 inches thick; and 70 ksi through 8 inches thick. The HSLA to be used was ASTM A710, Grade A, Class 3. DTIC High Strength Steels; Marine Technology; Ships; Steels; Weldability; Welding; Yield Strength 20060049395 Oregon Graduate Inst. of Science and Technology, Beaverton, OR USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing Devletian, J H; Gao, Y P; Zhao, Q H; Wood, W E; Sep 1992; 16 pp.; In English 102

Report No.(s): AD-A454368; NSRP-0383; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454368; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) A comprehensive comparison between electroslag surfacing (ESS) and submerged arc surfacing (SAS) using 30 mm (1.2 inch) wide x 0.5 mm (0.020 inch) thick Ni Alloy 625 strip was conducted in both the as-deposited and stress relieved (at 604OC, 1120OF) conditions. In most cases, exactly duplicate cladding conditions were used to best compare ESS with SAS. Ni Alloy 625 strip was deposited on 10 cm (4 inch) thick flat plates and 64 cm (25 inch) diameter shafting (both MIL-S-23284 Class 1 steel) using optimized ESS and SAS processes. Tensile, CVN toughness, and face and side bend tests were performed on as-welded and stress relieved cladding at room temperature. Microstructural analyses of the clad specimens were performed using optical and electron microscopy. DTIC Arc Welding; Cladding; Conferences; Marine Technology; Propellers; Ships; Slags 20060049578 Brown Univ., Providence, RI USA An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Dynamic Ductile Fracture in Stainless Steel Welds Kothnur, Vasanth S; May 2002; 164 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454584; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A08, Hardcopy The primary objective of this thesis is the study of dynamic ductile failure of stainless steel welded plates under high rate loading conditions. We will be concerned with the mechanics of high rate viscoplastic flow and fracture behavior of heterogeneous weldinents. We will focus our attention on investigating the mechanical behavior of a superaustenitic AL6XN weld with a Nickel-based superalloy INCONEL-625 as the filler material. The experimental and computational tools developed as part of this in- vestigation are expected to be widely applicable to understanding the micromechanics of failure in other metallic systems. DTIC Ductility; Fracturing; Stainless Steels; Welded Joints 20060049613 Universal Energy Systems, Inc., Dayton, OH USA X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti-6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstructure (PREPRINT) Glavicic, M G; Semiatin, Sheldon L; Jul 2006; 38 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-04-D-5235; Proj-9201 Report No.(s): AD-A454633; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy X-ray line-broadening techniques that were previously developed and applied to quantify deformation behavior during the hot rolling of commercial-purity titanium were applied for Ti-6A1-4V plate with a colony-alpha preform microstructure. The present work quantified the challenges in using line-broadening techniques for two-phase titanium alloys which undergo a phase transformation during cooling following hot working. DTIC Colonies; Deformation; Microstructure; Titanium Alloys; X Rays 20060049728 Parker (Anthony P.), Unknown FEA Software for Determination of Residual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes for a Range of Gun Steels With Bauschinger Effect Parker, Anthony P; Apr 26, 2006; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N62558-05-P-0279; Proj-R&D-9934-TA-01 Report No.(s): AD-A454829; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy There is a paucity of user-friendly, spreadsheet-based stress analysis software for calculation of stresses due to autofrettage of real gun steels. The objective of this work was to develop and deliver user-friendly, spreadsheet-based (Excel /VBA) Finite Element software capable of calculating residual stresses in autofrettaged steel tubes which exhibit any combination of strain-hardening during loading and of Bauschinger effect during unloading. The latter behavior includes Bauschinger effect as a function of prior plastic strain, and hence of radius, during unloading. The software should also have the potential to determine stresses following low temperature heat soak and reautofrettage. The software was to be pre-programmed with several existing candidate gun steels, including HB7. All these objectives were achieved. The software provides additional functionality, beyond the original objectives. Finally, the program was used to demonstrate specific effects 103

arising during experimental measurement and interpretation of residual stress in autofrettaged gun tubes. DTIC Bauschinger Effect; Finite Element Method; Guns (Ordnance); Residual Stress; Spreadsheets; Steels; Stress Analysis 20060049731 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V Considine, Tom A; Miller, Chris E; Placzankis, Brian E; Aug 2006; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454832; ARL-TR-3879; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Titanium is used in industry to manufacture many consumer products such as softball bats and golf clubs. It is also widely used in aerospace and the defense industries. At issue is that titanium does not maintain a good adhesive bond with organic coating systems. This study evaluates the adhesion of two nonchromate DoD primer, MIL-P-53022 and MIL-PRF-23377 Class N, relative to a direct to metal process using no primer. The evaluation method was based on ASTM D 4541 and used standard hydraulic adhesion testing equipment testing. The effectiveness of each method is then discussed with respect to strength values and failure modes. DTIC Adhesion; Adhesive Bonding; Coating; Coatings; Organic Materials; Titanium 20060049851 Naval Surface Warfare Center, Bethesda, MD USA Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Yagla, Jon J; Haag, Richard S; Scott, Matthew E; Nov 1993; 19 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454979; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Laser Welding; Marine Technology; Ships 20060049861 Textron, Inc., New Orleans, LA USA Shell Plate Definition Guide for Ship Designers (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Lamb, Thomas; May 1994; 45 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454992; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Marine Technology; Ships 20060050047 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Balanced Orifice Plate Kelley, Anthony R., Inventor; Buskirk, Paul D., Inventor; May 30, 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 19 Dec. 2003; US-Patent-7,051,765; US-Patent-Appl-SN-750628; NASA-Case-MFS-31952-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050047; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy An orifice plate for use in a conduit through which fluid flows is defined by a central circular region having a radius R, and a ring-shaped region surrounding the central circular region. The ring-shaped region has holes formed therethrough with those holes centered at each radius R thereof satisfying a relationship A(sub R)=al(X(sub R)V(sub R)(sup b)) where A(sub R) is a sum of areas of those holes having centers at radius R, X(sub R) is a flow coefficient at radius R, V(sub R) is a velocity of the fluid that is to flow through the conduit at radius R, b is a constant selected to make at least one process variable (associated with the fluid that is to flow through the conduit) approximately equal at each radius R, and a is a constant that is equal to (X(sub R)A(sub R)V(sub R)(sup b)) at each radius R. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Orifices; Fluid Flow; Flow Coeffıcients; Pipes (Tubes); Metal Plates 20060050138 Argonne National Lab., IL, USA Characterization of Host Phases for Actinides in Simulated Metallic Waste Forms by Transmission Electron Microscopy January 2006; 52 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881580; ANL-NT-211; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge No abstract available Actinide Series; Transmission Electron Microscopy 104

27 NONMETALLIC MATERIALS Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of plastics, elastomers, lubricants, polymers, textiles, adhesives, and ceramic materials. For composite materials see 24 Composite Materials.

20060048155 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental Results Peeler, D. K.; Edwards, T. B.; Best, D. R.; Reamer, I. A.; Jan. 2006; 210 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882772; WSRC-TR-2006-00006; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The impact of devitrification on durability is complex and depends on several interrelated factors including the change in residual glass composition, the formation of internal stress or microcracks, and the preferential attack at the glass-crystal interface. As noted from previous experimental studies, perhaps the most significant effects are the type and extent (or fraction) of crystallization and the resulting change to the residual glass composition. Conceptually, the formation of crystalline phases within a glass matrix ultimately changes the composition of the host glass phase as specific elements/oxides are extracted from the glass matrix to form the crystals. The formation of nepheline (NaAlSiO(sub 4)) can have a negative impact on durability as it produces an Al(sub 2)O(sub 3) and SiO(sub 2) deficient continuous glass matrix. The primary driver for the reduction in durability is the fact that nepheline removes three moles of glass forming oxides (Al(sub 2)O(sub 3)) and 2SiO(sub 2) per each mole of Na(sub 2)O from the continuous glass phase. The magnitude of the reduction in durability ultimately depends on the extent (i.e., volume %) of crystallization. The formation of nepheline and/or other aluminum/silicon-containing crystals is a potential problem in the Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) system based on the projected compositional views recently evaluated coupled with the frit development strategy. NTIS Nepheline; Radioactive Wastes; Sludge

20060048185 Savannah River National Lab., Aiken, SC, USA Analytical Results of DWPF Glass Sample Taken During Filling of Canister S01913: Summary Report Cozzi, A. D.; Bibler, N. E.; Bannochie, C. J.; Oct. 2005; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881512; WSRC-TR-2004-00442; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge In order to comply with the Waste Acceptance Product Specifications in Sludge Batch 2, Savannah River National Laboratory personnel performed characterization analysis of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) radioactive glass pour stream sample taken during filling of Canister S01913. This report summarizes results of the characterization that indicate that the DWPF produced glass is significantly more durable than the Environmental Assessment glass. NTIS Cans; Glass; Radioactive Wastes

20060048704 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as a Shaped Charge Liner Material Walters, William P; Kecskes, Laszlo J; Pritchett, Justin E; Aug 2006; 46 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-AH84 Report No.(s): AD-A453358; ARL-TR-3864; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453358; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) A study was conducted to explore a zirconium-based bulk metallic glass, Vitreloy 106, as a jetting material. In the past, bulk metallic glass alloys (e.g., Vitreloy 106) have been used for other applications such as the binder for kinetic energy penetrators. These alloys are a homogeneous mixture of several metals. Based on the experiments described herein, it was concluded that this zirconium-based bulk metallic glass behaves more like a shaped charge liner, which is fabricated from pressed powder metals, than a pure glass liner. In the extreme conditions during the formation and flight of the jet to the target, the bulk metallic glass liner disperses and its effectiveness is greatly diminished. It is conceivable that improvements in liner geometry, composition, and fabrication may result in an improved jet. DTIC Binders (Materials); Cavities; Linings; Metal Powder; Metallic Glasses; Shaped Charges 105

20060048948 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Nonlinear Elastomers Banks, H T; Medhin, Negash G; Pinter, Gabriella A; Jan 2003; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0026; F49620-03-1-0185 Report No.(s): AD-A453756; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We present a survey of results from an extended project focused on the understanding of the dynamic behavior of elastomers or filled rubbers. This entailed experimental, modeling, computational and theoretical efforts. Of particular emphasis are the nonlinear and hysteretic aspects of dynamic deformations. DTIC Differential Equations; Elastomers; Nonlinear Equations; Nonlinearity; Numerical Analysis; Rubber 20060048973 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Analysis of Thermal Conductivity in Composite Adhesives Banks, H T; Bihari, Kathleen L; Jan 2001; 50 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0026 Report No.(s): AD-A453822; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Thermally conductive composite adhesives are desirable in many industrial applications, including computers, microelectronics, machinery and appliances. These composite adhesives are formed when a filler particle of high conductivity is added to a base adhesive. Typically, adhesives are poor thermal conductors. A thorough understanding of heat transfer through a composite adhesive would aid in the design of an efficient thermally conductive composite adhesive. In this work, we provide theoretical foundations for use in design of thermally conductive composite adhesives. For proof of concept, we consider a two dimensional model. We prove existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence theorems for the model. We formulate a probability based parameter estimation problem and present numerical results. Motivated by the results of the parameter estimation problem, we are led to derive sensitivity equations for our system. We investigate the sensitivity of composite silicones with respect to the thermal conductivity of both the base silicone polymer and the filler particles. Numerical results of this investigation are also presented. DTIC Adhesives; Thermal Conductivity 20060048977 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actuators Zhong, Jinghua; Seelecke, Stefan; Smith, Ralph C; Bueskens, Christof; Jan 2003; 12 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0107; DMI-01-34464 Report No.(s): AD-A453833; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper presents the first results of an optimal control approach to piezoceramic actuators. A one-dimensional free energy model for piezoceramics recently proposed by Smith and Seelecke is briefly reviewed first. It is capable of predicting the hysteretic behavior along with the frequency-dependence present in these materials. The model is implemented into an optimal control package, and two exemplary cases are simulated to illustrate these features and the potential of the method. DTIC Actuators; Ceramics; Hysteresis; Optimal Control; Piezoelectric Ceramics; Piezoelectricity 20060049217 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Model Development for Piezoceramic Nanopositioners Smith, Ralph C; Hatch, Andrew; De, Tathagata; Jan 2003; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0107; NSF-CMS0099764 Report No.(s): AD-A453931; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453931; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In this paper, we develop nonlinear constitutive equations and resulting system models quantifying the nonlinear and hysteretic field-displacement relations inherent to piezoceramic elements employed in present nanopositioner designs. We focus specifically on piezoceramic rods utilizing d33 motion and piezoceramic shells driven in d31 regimes, but the modeling frame-work is sufficiently general to accommodate a variety of drive geometries. In the first step of the model development, lattice-level energy relations are combined with stochastic homogenization techniques to construct nonlinear constitutive relations which accommodate the hysteresis inherent to piezoceramic compounds. Secondly, these constitutive relations are 106

employed in classical rod and shell relations to construct system models appropriate for presently employed nanopositioner designs. DTIC Ceramics; Hysteresis; Piezoelectric Ceramics; Piezoelectricity

20060049322 Auburn Univ., AL USA Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber Lee, Jaewoong; Broughton, R M; Liang, J; Worley, S D; Huang, T S; Aug 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F08637-02-C-7020; Proj-ARMT Report No.(s): AD-A454185; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454185; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Fibers have been produced from a blend of poly(acrylonitrile) and poly(styrene hydantoin). The fibers were extruded from a single solvent, dimenthyl acetamide. The fibers could be chlorinated to produce halamines and thus rendered antimicrobial. The ability to regenerate the halamines (and the antimicrobial functionality) lasted through 50 home laundry washings. The chlorine adsorption was shown to be proportional to the specific surface area of the fibers, as might be expected for hydrophobic materials which can react in water only on the fiber surface. DTIC Acrylic Resins; Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and Antibacterials; Microorganisms

20060049330 Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, Washington, DC USA China’s Oil Rush in Africa Hurst, Cindy; Jul 2006; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454225; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454225; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Over the past four years China, the world’s second largest oil consumer behind the USA, has been the source of close to 40 percent of the total world oil demand growth over the past four years. With economic growth running at a rate of roughly nine percent per year China is no longer able to meet its own consumption requirements through its domestic production of oil and it is now being forced to search for oil elsewhere. Africa has become a key oil exporter to China. In 2005 China imported nearly 701,000 bpd of oil from Africa, approximately 30 percent of its total oil imports. China anticipates increasing that amount to 25 percent in the next ten years and has been carefully paving the way to ensure its objective is met. DTIC Africa; China; Crude Oil; Industries; Oils

20060049419 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Models for Nonlinear Elastomers Banks, H T; Potter, Laura K; Pinter, Gabriella A; Gaitens, M J; Yanyo, L C; Jan 2001; 13 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0180; F49620-98-1-0430 Report No.(s): AD-A454439; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454439; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Models involving nonlinear partial differential equations become more and more widespread as theoretical and computational tools for their analysis advance. Well-known (and still partially unsolved) problems include, for example, the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations modeling the motion of a fluid (or air) which is a central problem in aircraft design. New computational tools make possible simulations, predictions, model development through reverse problems and inclusion of nonlinear effects in commercial finite element packages. In many areas new, more refined models are needed as modern applications ′outgrow’ the traditional linear assumptions. In some cases the need for the accurate prediction of transient phenomena makes the inclusion of nonlinearities imperative. DTIC Elastomers; Nonlinearity 107

20060049573 Peterson Builders, Inc., Sturgeon Bay, WI USA Labor Standards Application Program, Phase 4 - FY-83, Blast and Paint Shops Dec 28, 1984; 53 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454573; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report describes the development of labor standards during ship construction towards controlling production costs in the two closely related areas of blasting and painting. The overall objective of this Research Program is to reduce the cost of building ships. The objective of this specific project in the blast/paint areas was to improve planning, scheduling, production control, and worker productivity through the application of labor standards, and thereby reduce the cost of blasting/painting operations. DTIC Abrasives; Cost Estimates; Labor; Paints; Shops 20060049639 Gdansk Technical Univ., Poland High Accuracy Multidimensional Parameterized Surrogate Models for Fast Optimization of Microwave Circuits in the Industry Standard Circuit Simulators Lamecki, Adam; Balewski, Lukasz; Mrozowski, Michal; Jul 3, 2006; 53 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-05-1-3028 Report No.(s): AD-A454678; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The goal of this project was to advance the techniques for creating multivariate surrogate models of high complexity in order to create full wave models for industry standard circuit simulators (ADS Microwave Office). The models have the accuracy comparable to full wave simulations but at the same time the computational speed similar to the closed form formulae. DTIC Circuits; Industries; Microwave Circuits; Optimization; Simulators 20060049708 Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA USA Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene-Styrene Triblock Copolymers Mather, B D; Beyer, F L; Long, T E; Jul 5, 2006; 3 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-02-1-0275 Report No.(s): AD-A454803; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Novel, short outer block sulfonated SEPS triblock copolymers were synthesized, characterized via DMA and SAXS. The polymers exhibited microphase separation in which the minor component, sulfonated polystyrene formed a dispersed, hard phase in the soft, ethylene/propylene rubber matrix. The interdomain spacing measured by SAXS allowed an analysis of the effects of the rubber block molecular weight and neutralization. DTIC Block Copolymers; Copolymers; Ethylene; Propylene; Styrenes 20060049767 Army Defense Ammunition Center, McAlester, OK USA Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads’ Jun 2006; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454872; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center (DAC), Validation Engineering Division (SJMAC-DEV) conducted qualification tests for the Clipless Seal used on 3A’-wide steel banding on a 40’ x 48’ wood pallet with .50 Caliber ammunition in M2 metal boxes in wire bound boxes IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads,’ assembled by Alliant Techsystems (ATK), from Independence, Missouri. Two test units were tested with a load of 4,200 lbs. each. The tests accomplished on the test units were the stacking, vibration, drop, incline impact, forklift handling, and disassembly tests. It was noted that on all four sample pallet units received from ATK, from Independence, Missouri, the last puncture on the clipless seal on all the horizontal banding seals did not puncture through the material properly and only dimpled the banding. To ensure the banding is securely sealed, the sealer should be adjusted to punch through the material in the future. Test Unit #1 and #2 were tested in accordance with MIL-STD-1660 at ambient temperature, with no significant problems encountered. The banding did loosen around the boxes, but remained intact on the pallets and still provided a stable and secure pallet. Unit loads strapped with the Frey & Weische WS 19/3 + 1 Hydraulic head used with automated palletizing equipment to make a 108

clipless seal passed the requirements of MIL-STD-1660. This clipless seal notching can only be used as a replacement for the current seal identified in the material specifications in the 19-48-4116 basic procedural drawing (ref ACV0061 7) for 3/4’wide steel banding only. Only boxed ammunition and components on 4-way entry wood pallets covered by 19-48-4116 series drawings are approved for U. S. Army use with this clipless seal head used in automatic palletizer equipment for 3/4 inch wide steel banding. DTIC Acceptability; Ammunition; Evaluation; Performance Tests; Quality Control; System Effectiveness; Wire; Wood 20060049819 Glasgow Marine Technology Centre, UK The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding? Winkle, I E; Cowling, M J; Hashim, S A; Smith, E M; Aug 1990; 22 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454935; NSRP-0320; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This paper presents an overview of recent research into the feasibility and advantages of using toughened structural adhesives to replace some conventional welding for primary structures in the shipbuilding and associated marine industries. The concept is explored through its application to the stiffener/plate connections of thin plated grillage structures where a number of advantages can be identified. These include the potential for elimination of thermal distortion and residual stress with little cost or weight penalty. Data is becoming available on such longer term problems as durability in the marine environment, high temperature performance (including creep), fatigue and impact resistance. Research is continuing to improve understanding and increase confidence in application to large scale structures. The paper concludes that the benefits to be gained from using adhesives to achieve novel structural configurations, possibly involving dissimilar materials, will provide continuing impetus to research and development in this area. DTIC Adhesives; Bonding; Conferences; Marine Technology; Ships; Welding 20060050140 Argonne National Lab., IL, USA Testing to Evaluate the Suitability of Waste Forms Developed for Electrometallurgically Treated Spent SodiumBounded Nuclear Fuel for Disposal in the Yucca Mountain Repository Sep. 2005; 238 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881577; ANL-05/43; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The results of laboratory testing and modeling activities conducted to support the development of waste forms to immobilize wastes generated during the electrometallurgical treatment of spent sodium-bonded nuclear fuel and their qualification for disposal in the federal high-level radioactive waste repository are summarized in this report. Tests and analyses were conducted to address issues related to the chemical, physical, and radiological properties of the waste forms relevant to qualification. These include the effects of composition and thermal treatments on the phase stability, radiation effects, and methods for monitoring product consistency. Other tests were conducted to characterize the degradation and radionuclide release behaviors of the ceramic waste form (CWF) used to immobilize waste salt and the metallic waste form (MWF) used to immobilize metallic wastes and to develop models for calculating the release of radionuclides over long times under repository-relevant conditions. Most radionuclides are contained in the binder glass phase of the CWF and in the intermetallic phase of the MWF. The release of radionuclides from the CWF is controlled by the dissolution rate of the binder glass, which can be tracked using the same degradation model that is used for highlevel radioactive waste (HLW) glass. Model parameters measured for the aqueous dissolution of the binder glass are used to model the release of radionuclides from a CWF under all water-contact conditions. The release of radionuclides from the MWF is elementspecific, but the release of U occurs the fastest under most test conditions. The fastest released constituent was used to represent all radionuclides in model development. An empirical aqueous degradation model was developed to describe the dependence of the radionuclide release rate from a MWF on time, pH, temperature, and the Cl concentration. The models for radionuclide release from the CWF and MWF are both bounded by the HLW glass degradation model developed for use in repository licensing, and HLW glass can be used as a surrogate for both CWF and MWF in performance assessment calculations. Test results indicate that the radionuclide release from CWF and MWF is adequately described by other relevant performance assessment models, such as the models for the solution chemistries in breached waste packages, dissolved concentration limits, and the formation of radionuclide-bearing colloids. NTIS Ceramics; Mountains; Nuclear Fuels; Radioactive Wastes; Sodium 109

20060050141 Argonne National Lab., IL, USA Effects of Heat Treatment and Formulation on the Phase Composition and Chemical Durability of the EBR-II Ceramic Waste Form January 2006; 190 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881576; ANL-05/32; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) High-level radioactive waste salts generated during the electrometallurgical treatment of spent sodium-bonded nuclear fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II will be immobilized in a ceramic waste form (CWF). Tests are being conducted to evaluate the suitability of the CWF for disposal in the planned federal high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain. In this report, the results of laboratory tests and analyses conducted to address product consistency and thermal stability issues called out in waste acceptance requirements are presented. The tests measure the impacts of (1) variations in the amounts of salt and binder glass used to make the CWF and (2) heat treatments on the phase composition and chemical durability of the waste form. A series of CWF materials was made to span the ranges of salt and glass contents that could be used during processing: between 5.0 and 15 mass% salt loaded into the zeolite (the nominal salt loading is 10.7%, and the process control range is 10.6 to 11.2 mass%), and between 20 and 30 mass% binder glass mixed with the salt-loaded zeolite (the nominal glass content is 25% and the process control range is 20 to 30 mass%). In another series of tests, samples of two CWF products made with the nominal salt and glass contents were reheated to measure the impact on the phase composition and durability: long-term heat treatments were conducted at 400 and 500 oC for durations of 1 week, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year; short-term heat treatments were conducted at 600, 700, 800, and 850 oC for durations of 4, 28, 52, and 100 hours. All of the CWF products that were made with different amounts of salt, zeolite, and glass and all of the heat-treated CWF samples were analyzed with powder X-ray diffraction to measure changes in phase compositions and subjected to 7-day product consistency tests to measure changes in the chemical durability. NTIS Breeder Reactors; Ceramics; Durability; Heat Treatment; Temperature Effects 20060050159 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Analysis of Bonded Elastic Blocks Banks, H T; Pinter, Gabriella A; Yeoh, O H; Jan 2001; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0180; F49620-01-1-0026 Report No.(s): AD-A454440; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454440; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We investigate the compression of rubber blocks bonded to rigid metal plates for several different geometries, namely for rectangular and V-shaped blocks We obtain reasonably simple solutions in series form relating the force and the displacement using the ‘pressure method’ developed by Gent. Our initial assumption concerning the incompressibility of the rubber is subsequently relaxed to ‘near incompressibility’ to yield more accurate solutions. We demonstrate a very good agreement between the theoretical solutions and the results of linear finite element simulations. DTIC Elastic Properties; Bonded Joints 20060050199 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at the Savannah River Site Skidmore, E.; Thakur, S.; Hiller, R.; January 2006; 18 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882684; WSRC-MS-2005-00688; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The Savannah River Site (SRS) is one of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear materials production sites, covering approximately 300 square miles near Aiken, SC. The SRS has operated since 1954, producing plutonium, tritium, and other nuclear materials critical for national defense. The SRS is a large complex that includes nuclear reactors, fuel/target fabrication, chemical separation facilities, radioactive waste storage and processing facilities, research laboratories and a supporting infrastructure for water treatment and steam generation. Protective coatings have been used at the SRS for more than 50 years to provide corrosion protection and to facilitate radiological decontamination. Most of the protective coating systems used have been solvent-based. The site has developed a new coatings program encouraging the use of waterborne and lower VOC coatings where feasible, reducing personnel hazards as well as application and disposal costs. NTIS Grasslands; Rivers; Solvents 110

28 PROPELLANTS AND FUELS Includes rocket propellants, igniters, and oxidizers; their storage and handling procedures; and aircraft fuels. For nuclear fuels see 73 Nuclear Physics. For related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power; and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.

20060048627 Naval Medical Research Inst., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field Bell, J; Mattie, D; Jederberg, W W; Still, K R; Jan 1998; 30 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453227; NMRI-95-115; AL/OE-CL-1995-0208; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453227; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Occupational Medicine Division of Armstrong Laboratory Occupational and Environmental Health Directorate (AL/OEM was requested by AL/OET, Tri-Service Toxicology Consortium and sponsored by NMRI/TD to perform an exposure assessment on workers handling the new jet fuel, JP-8 Plus 100. Six areas of concern were addressed during this exposure assessment. These areas included personnel in the flightline, Aerospace Ground Equipment (AGE) repair, Jet Engine repair. Fuel Cell repair, Petroleum-Oils and Lubricants. Included were personnel exposed to both exhaust and raw fuel. A total of 40 area and breathing zone air samples were collected and analyzed from the six areas of concern during 22 May and 25 May 1995. VM & P naptha, benzene, nitrogen dioxide, toluene, and xylene samples were analyzed by Armstrong Laboratory Aldehydes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and summa canister samples were analyzed using Galson Laboratories No exposures above currently permitted levels were detected. Data from the summa canisters provided results that are relatively close. However, methylene chloride is at least 70 percent high in JP-8 Plus 100 than in JP-8. Recommendations were made to reduce the exposure of workers to the fuel and additive package. DTIC Exposure; Hygiene; Industrial Safety; Jet Engine Fuels; JP-8 Jet Fuel; Occupational Diseases 20060048995 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for Functionally Graded Propellants Young, Gregory; Bruck, Hugh A; Gowrisankaran, Swaminathan; Jan 2003; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0472 Report No.(s): AD-A453876; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Functionally Graded Solid Rocket Propellants are being developed at NSWC-lndian Head in conjunction with the University of Maryland. The approach being used treats these propellants as typical Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), which by definition are structures that possess gradual variations in material behavior that enhance material andlor structural performance. For functionally graded propellants, Twin Screw Extrusion (TSE) processing is used to continuously vary the composition throughout a grain in a controlled manner. As a result, TSE processing allows the burning rates of propellants to be tailored as a function of burning web thickness. This in turn will allow for direct Thrust Magnitude Control (TMC) for a solid rocket motor, which has proven difficult to achieve in the past. DTIC Ballistics; Propellants; Rocket Engines; Solid Rocket Propellants 20060049651 Argent Marine Operations, Inc., Solomons, MD USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactivation of LNG Tankers: Lessons Learned Boylston, John W; Riley, Paul J; Van Tassel, Gary W; Nov 1993; 21 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454696; NSRP-0408; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Industry went from a projected boom in the 1970’s to a contracted industry in the 1980’s, when many ships were either permanently or temporarily laid up. In the 1990’s, many laid up LNG carriers are being reactivated after as many as 12 years in lay-up. While the capital cost of an LNG carrier should dictate maximum preservation of the asset, the LNG industry is not immune to having to make hard economic decisions during slack times. In this paper, the authors present specific alternate lay-up procedures, together with the relative costs of these alternatives. LNG carriers are steam vessels, as are many of the vessels in the Ready Reserve Fleet (RRF). However, many of the conclusions reached can also be applied to motor vessels, and as such could be of interest to operators and shipyards in all phases of the RRF program. 111

The subjects of dehumidification, inert gas plants, ballast tank coatings and drydocking, among others, will be discussed. DTIC Conferences; Costs; Lay-Up; Liquefied Natural Gas; Marine Technology; Ships 20060050063 NASA Stennis Space Center, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC Ryan, Harry M.; Coote, David J.; Ahuja, Vineet; Hosangadi, Ashvin; September 09, 2006; 2 pp.; In English; 54th JPM, 14-17 May 2007, Denver, CO, USA Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNS06AA12C Report No.(s): SSTI-8080-0012; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only Accurate modeling of liquid rocket engine test processes involves assessing critical fluid mechanic and heat and mass transfer mechanisms within a cryogenic environment, and accurately modeling fluid properties such as vapor pressure and liquid and gas densities as a function of pressure and temperature. The Engineering and Science Directorate at the NASA John C. Stennis Space Center has developed and implemented such analytic models and analysis processes that have been used over a broad range of thermodynamic systems and resulted in substantial improvements in rocket propulsion testing services. In this paper, we offer an overview of the analyses techniques used to simulate pressurization and propellant fluid systems associated with the test stands at the NASA John C. Stennis Space Center. More specifically, examples of the global performance (one-dimensional) of a propellant system are provided as predicted using the Rocket Propulsion Test Analysis (RPTA) model. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses utilizing multi-element, unstructured, moving grid capability of complex cryogenic feed ducts, transient valve operation, and pressurization and mixing in propellant tanks are provided as well. Author Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines; Fluid Mechanics; Heat Transfer; Mass Transfer; Cryogenics; Gas Density; Propulsion; Fuel Tank Pressurization 31 ENGINEERING (GENERAL) Includes general research topics related to engineering and applied physics, and particular areas of vacuum technology, industrial engineering, cryogenics, and fire prevention. For specific topics in engineering see categories 32 through 39.

20060048660 George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA USA A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers Qu, John J; Hao, Xianjun; Hauss, Bruce; Wang, Chunming; Privette, Jeffrey; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453285; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453285; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Approaches for establishing the absolute calibration of a newly deployed, satellite-borne radiometer have varied from aircraft under flights with previously calibrated sensors to vicarious calibration over known, benign backgrounds, utilizing radiative transfer models to generate top-of-atmosphere radiances. In this paper, we demonstrate the efficacy of this approach by presenting results of the cross comparison of two sensors that are known to be well calibrated, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We focus on the results of the cross-comparison between MODIS and AIRS for the ranges of atmospheric and surface conditions embodied in a variety of common Earth scenes in this paper. We also investigate the dependence of the quality of the cross-calibration process as a function of the surface emissivity spectrum, phenomenology, and atmospheric conditions, identifying under what conditions the cross-calibration process is effective. DTIC Calibrating; Cross Correlation; Radiative Transfer; Radiometers; Spectroradiometers; Weather 20060049010 Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO USA Development and Testing of a Novel Standard Particle for Performance Verification of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detection Systems Brown, Kelly L; Alburty, David S; Dannehl, Jennifer L; Page, Andrew E; Huebner, Robert C; Swank, Freeman J; Fischer, Mike F; Nov 19, 2003; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453904; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy 112

This paper describes a novel simulant test particle that allows for the calibration of biodetection systems without causing safety concerns. Specifically, this test particle is a polystyrene sphere, of an aerodynamic diameter similar to that of Bacillus anthracis, with Bacillus globigii genomic DNA attached to the surface. The DNA attachment is strong enough to withstand aerosolization and collection by a SpinCon sampler, and yet weak enough to detach during the GeneXpert analysis. Tests performed at MRI have shown that the tagged beads can be collected in the SpinCon and then successfully analyzed in the GeneXpert without modifying currently established analysis protocols. DTIC Detection; Evaluation; System Effectiveness 20060049128 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Method and Apparatus for the Portable Identification Of Material Thickness And Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Spatially Controlled Heat Application Reilly, Thomas L., Inventor; Jacobstein, A. Ronald, Inventor; Cramer, K. Elliott, Inventor; June 13, 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 10 Apr. 2003; US-Patent-7,060,991; US-Patent-Appl-SN-410605; US-Patent-Appl-SN-373341; NASA-Case-LAR-16326-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049128; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy A method and apparatus for testing a material such as the water-wall tubes in boilers includes the use of a portable thermal line heater having radiation shields to control the amount of thermal radiation that reaches a thermal imager. A procedure corrects for variations in the initial temperature of the material being inspected. A method of calibrating the testing device to determine an equation relating thickness of the material to temperatures created by the thermal line heater uses empirical data derived from tests performed on test specimens for each material type, geometry, density, specific heat, speed at which the line heater is moved across the material and heat intensity. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Thickness; Specific Heat; Defects; Walls; Boilers; Calibrating 20060049355 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave Information Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast with 3-G Hindcasting Tracy, Barbara A; Cialone, Alan; Jan 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454298; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454298; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Wave Information Studies (WIS) at the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS, recently completed twenty years (1980-1999) of wave hindcasts for the Gulf of Mexico using the second-generation wave model, WISWAVE. This wave information has been used by the Army Corps of Engineers and private consulting companies for a variety of coastal engineering applications and represents an invaluable resource for the coastal engineering community. WIS is commited to producing high-quality wave information; and thus, it is important to compare the results of this hindcast with hindcast results using the newer third-generation wave modeling technology. These comparisons are valuable for the coastal engineers that use this information and also help WIS evaluate new hindcasting regimes for future wave studies. This paper shows results of three hindcasts using the same input wind fields and the same nested grid system. Results will be shown at available measurement sites for the 1995 Level 2 and Level 3 Gulf of Mexico hindcast. DTIC Forecasting; Gulf of Mexico; Hindcasting; Models 20060049385 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed Detonation Engine Frankey, Brian; Schauer, Fred; Bradley, Royce; Hoke, John; Jan 2002; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454348; AIAA-2002-0474; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454348; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Experiments are conducted on a hybrid piston-pulsed detonation engine to evaluate the power extraction and system interaction issues. The hybrid engine is constructed using a four-cylinder motorcycle engine with a spacer block between the valves and pistons. Four detonation tubes, one for each cylinder, are placed perpendicular to the direction of the piston navel. A deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) is used to achieve detonations. The piston is in the deflagration region of the 113

DDT. This hybrid engine has a critical starting frequency. Above this frequency the engine will self-activate and produce excess power. Below this frequency, the power produced is less than that required to self-activate and the engine decelerates after the starter motor is disengaged. The hybrid piston-pulsed-detonation-engine constructed for these experiments is capable of producing 20 hp and 50 lbf of thrust simultaneously. DTIC Piston Engines; Pulse Detonation Engines 20060049470 Geological Survey, La Crosse, WI USA Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program: Predicted versus Observed Catch Ickes, Brian S; Jan 2006; 3 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454562; USGS-2006-1074; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454562; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Environmental monitoring programs are frequently designed to track changes in key physical, chemical, and biological features of an ecosystem. As such, these programs provide critical information for detecting changes in system state, investigating mechanisms associated with observed changes, and making resource management decisions. Because monitoring programs require significant investments of time, money, and human resources, periodic evaluations of monitoring programs are necessary to determine if the sampling design adequately addresses program goals and objectives. Periodic evaluations also permit assessment of a program’s ability to provide adequate and useful information for changing management and science needs. In 2001, the author evaluated the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) sampling design for fish on the Upper Mississippi River System by analyzing data from stratified random samples collected during 1993-1999 in six Resource Trend Areas (RTAs). Specifically, he investigated whether the sampling design could provide nearly the same amount of information it presently does with fewer sampling gears. The project’s goals were to assess information provided by each gear used to monitor fishes in the LTRMP, engage program partners in a discussion of the relative value of each gear within the present sampling design, develop alternative sampling designs based on simulations of historical program data and expert opinion, and optimize the implementation of various alternative designs. Following his investigation and consultation with program partners, the author eliminated 4 of the 10 gears used since program initiation in 1989. Results and recommendations are in Ickes and Burkhardt (2002); available at http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/documents/ reports/2002/ 02t001.pdf. DTIC Effıciency; Experiment Design; Fishes; Mississippi River (US); Optimization; Sampling 20060049610 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung e.V., Freiburg, Germany High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) Strassburger, E; Feb 21, 2006; 33 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N62558-04-P-6031 Report No.(s): AD-A454630; E-08/06; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Fused silica and AlON (Aluminum Oxynitride) specimens were tested by means of a modified Edge-On Impact technique. The specimens were placed between crossed polarizers and the photo-elastic effect was utilized to visualize the stress waves. Pairs of impact tests at approximately equivalent velocities were carried out in transmitted plain (shadowgraphs, visualization of damage) and crossed polarized light (visualization of wave propagation). The experiments provided direct evidence of ceramic damage by nucleation and growth of fracture initiated by the stress waves, ahead of the coherent fracture front growing from the impacted edge. A comparison of the results in a reflected light set-up and the shadowgraphs indicated fracture nucleation in the interior of the ceramic. The experimental results provide a data basis for a deeper analysis of the damage mechanisms by means of numerical simulation. DTIC Aluminum; Aluminum Compounds; High Speed; High Speed Photography; Impact Damage; Impact Tests; Oxynitrides; Photographs; Silica Glass; Transparence; Wave Propagation 20060049852 Army Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command, Warren, MI USA Crew Integration and Automation Technologies Dungrani, Sanjiv; Fearnside, Melissa; Orlando, Andrew; Jun 10, 2006; 6 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454980; TARDEC/VTA-13865; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy 114

The U.S. Army’s Tank-automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) Research Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) Vetronics Technology Area is responsible for technology applications that support reduced crew operations in ground combat vehicles. The current program meeting this challenge is the manned Crew Integration and Automation Test Bed (CAT) Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD). The CAT is the culmination of past Science and Technology Objectives (STO) that include the Vetronics Technology Test bed (i.e., the intra vehicle electronics suite STO), future scout virtual prototype ACT II effort and Crewman’s Associate Advanced Technology Demonstration. DTIC Combat; Systems Integration; Test Stands 20060050018 Army Natick Labs., MA USA Correlation of Chemical Warfare Surrogate Tests on Air-Permeable Chemical Protective Uniforms Klemperer, Elizabeth; Nov 18, 2003; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454224; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454224; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Air-permeable chemical protective uniforms provide percutaneous protection against chemical liquids released as vapor and droplets by adsorbing the chemical in a layer of activated carbon. The air that flows through the uniform fabric evaporates sweat, providing cooling. The protective capacity of a material is tested by measuring the breakthrough time of chemical warfare agent (CWA) applied on a sample at a vapor concentration and wind speed representing average field conditions. Breakthrough time is many days for the dilute vapors of high-boiling percutaneous-threat agents and so testing has been reduced to one day using increased mass flow rate of the chemical vapor. CWA tests can only be carried out in a limited number of facilities equipped to handle toxic chemical warfare agents. Low toxicity surrogates are tested by the same procedure to see how well they mimic live agents. One-to-one correlation would enable the testing of CP uniform material in a standard chemistry laboratory setting. The properties of the CWA surrogate must mimic the properties of the CWA itself for a good correlation outcome between the surrogate test results and live agent resistance performance. Tests with a standard HD simulant were carried out in our laboratory to standardize sampling of activated carbon materials and procedures. Simulant and agent testing at low and high relative humidity was carried out at Calspan Univ. of Buffalo Research Center (CUBRC). Comparison of the results obtained from vapor permeation testing showed excellent correlation of permeation behavior between CWA’s and simulants at high humidity. Liquid drop tests revealed a divergence for GD and DMMP (dimethyl methylphosphonate) only for early penetration results at both low and high relative humidity, where MeS provided the match. The effect of humidity is small for HD and MeS (methyl salicylate). The same effects are seen in thickened drops. DTIC Chemical Warfare; Drop Tests; Protective Clothing; Vapors

32 COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR Includes radar; radio, wire, and optical communications; land and global communications; communications theory. For related information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; and 17 Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking; for search and rescue, see 03 Air Transportation and Safety; and 16 Space Transportation and Safety.

20060048177 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Performance, Capacity and Limitations of AMSS Communications Ripamonti, Claudio; Konangi, Vijay K.; Kerczewski, robert J.; [2002]; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC3-764 Report No.(s): IEEEAC Paper 1336; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources This paper reports on the performance of Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS), based on simulation results, when incorporated into the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN). A comparison between its performance under current data traffic load and under future ATN traffic load was used to determine the reliability of AMSS in providing continuous communications between the ground and the aircraft over remote regions of the globe. The simulation involved modeling AMSS through the use of the published standards to ensure the accuracy of the results. Although the results indicated that there is indeed a reduced capacity (to about one-fourth) and efficiency of the system at the increased traffic load, the reduction in performance does not lead to the conclusion that an alternative to AMSS must be found. On the contrary, some 115

modifications to the protocols controlling the operation of AMSS and updating the system with new technologies, would make it as valid a solution to the problem as it is today. Author Aeronautical Satellites; Simulation; Telecommunication; Mobile Communication Systems 20060048225 Foundation of Research and Education of American Health Information Management Association, Chicago, IL, USA Development of State Level Health Information Exchange Initiatives. Final Report Sep. 01, 2006; 58 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DHHS-HHSP23320064105EC Report No.(s): PB2006-115658; Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Health information exchange (HIE) has received significant national attention recently, starting with the 2004 directive from President Bush for interoperable electronic health records (EHRs) by 2014. This was followed by the creation of the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) and its subsequent work toward facilitating the creation of a nationwide health information network. Other activity has included the Report from the Commission on Systemic Interoperability, and federally and locally funded efforts to advance HIE throughout the country. During the past few years, more than 200 local HIE efforts have been established. More recently, a number of state-level initiatives have been formed through Executive Order, state legislation, state agency efforts, and grass roots efforts. The purpose of this project is to gather information from existing state-level HIE initiatives to determine successful governance and legal, financial, and operational characteristics; to develop consensus on guidance for developing state-level HIE initiatives; and to disseminate these findings widely. For the purposes of this report, state-level HIE initiative means an HIE (which could include the exchange of clinical data, administrative data, or both) initiative or organization that is statewide in scope and involves some form of public-private collaboration, partnership, or governance. NTIS Health; Law (Jurisprudence) 20060048338 National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology, Japan Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2 June 2006; ISSN 1349-3191; 133 pp.; In Japanese; See also 20060048339 - 20060048353; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Topics covered include: R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in the World; Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Signal Processing; EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmission; Research and Development of High-Capacity Optical Link Technologies; Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Mitigation; Advanced Optical Modulators for Next-generation Photonic Networks; Highly Efficient Optical Communication Technologies; OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link; Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst Switching/Optical Access Network; Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF for Remotely Controlling 1-Paths; Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super-Network; Advanced Lightpath Establishment for Distributed Computing; Research and Development of 160 Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Prototype and Related Technologies; Studies on Architecture and Control Technology for Optical Packet Switches; and A Study for Technology of Controlling Next-Generation Backbone Network. Derived from text Optical Communication; Information Systems; Signal Transmission; Packet Switching; Optical Data Processing 20060048344 National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology, Japan Research and Development of 160 Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Prototype and Related Technologies Wada, Naoya; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 103-112; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources We have developed optical packet switch (OPS) prototype with optical code label processing, optical switching, optical buffering, and electronic scheduling to improve drastically the switching performance of optical packets in photonic network nodes. 160 Gbit/s/port OPS prototype is developed by introduction of 25 Gchip/s narrow-band optical code label processing and optical buffering with noise reduction function. A novel packet bit error rate (BER) and loss real-time measurement method and system for 40 Gbit/s variable-length packets has been proposed. In real-time, only the payload data part of packet and burst stream with fluctuated packet interval time and packet length is evaluated. Packet BER and loss real-time measurement with various conditions is experimentally demonstrated by using proposed measurement system and OPS 116

system. Packet BER and loss real-time measurement with 160 Gbit/s variable-length OPS, OTDM-MUX/DEMUX, and preamble free 10 Gbit/s optical packet 3R receiving are experimentally demonstrated. Finally, total demonstration by using 160 Gbit/s/port OPS prototype with optical buffer, packet BER evaluation system, and 160 Gbit/s to 10 Gbit/s OTDM-MUX/DEMUX system is reported. Author Research and Development; Packet Switching; Prototypes; Technologies; Bit Error Rate; Optical Data Processing 20060048351 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corp., Japan Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super-Network Naruse, Yuuichi; Yagi, Takeshi; Nishioka, Itaru; Kano, Shinya; Kodama, Takeshi; Okita, Hideki; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 91-96; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources We propose the cooperative multi-layered traffic engineering technologies. Our technologies are designed to achieve the scalability goal of the e-Japan Strategy of Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in which a terabit-class network can accommodate about 40 millions of broadband users. We report the experiments of the Terabit-class Super-network using prototype systems. Author Prototypes; Communication Networks; Optical Paths; Autonomy 20060048513 COM DEV Ltd., Cambridge, Ontario, Canada Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission Kolacz, Richard; Chen, Weiguo; Curtis, Henry; Gore, Joseph; Kilberg, Steve; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 10 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document This paper presents the results of a number of system engineering studies on single pass terrain mapping using a spatially-varying cluster of small satellites that are operated in tandem with a large-aperture synthetic aperture radar (SAR), such as RADARSAT 2. The derivation of High Resolution Terrain Information (HRTI) depends on the availability of precise knowledge of relative positions and associated time references of the satellites in the cluster. Optical intersatellite links (OISL) can provide accurate intersatellite range and angle data, and can be used as a communication link for control of the cluster. Author Cluster Mission; Formation Flying; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Systems Engineering; RADARSAT; Communication Networks 20060048698 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications Glumm, Monica M; Kehring, Kathy L; White, Timothy L; Aug 2006; 54 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-62716AH70 Report No.(s): AD-A453343; ARL-TR-3863; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453343; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This study examined the effects of tactile, visual, and auditory (spatial language and three-dimensional [3-D] audio) cues about threat location on target acquisition and the recall of information presented in visual and auditory communications. On average, participants hit 98% of the targets presented when cued about the location of targets compared to 64% in a baseline condition (no cues). When target location cues were provided, time to first shot was an average 26% faster; 23% more information was recalled from the auditory and visual communications, and overall workload scores were 17% lower. On average, time to first shot in the visual and spatial language modes was 13% faster than in the tactile condition and 26% faster than in the 3-D audio mode. Overall workload scores were an average 14% higher in the 3-D audio mode than in the other conditions in which target location cues were provided. Communications modality did not have a significant effect on either the amount of information recalled from the communications or on target acquisition. No interactions were found between communications modality and cue condition. However, on average, 10% more information was recalled from communications when target location cues were provided in the visual mode than in the other cue conditions. DTIC Cues; Optical Communication; Position (Location); Sound Transmission; Target Acquisition; Vision; Visual Stimuli; Voice Communication 117

20060048709 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Signals to a Covert Tactile Communication System in a Dynamic Environment Pettitt, Rodger A; Redden, Elizabeth S; Carstens, Christian B; Aug 2006; 46 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-AH70 Report No.(s): AD-A453363; ARL-TR-3838; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453363; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This study was conducted jointly by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the University of Central Florida. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate Soldiers abilities to interpret and respond to tactile commands compared to their abilities to interpret and respond to standard visual hand and arm signals given from leaders in front of and behind them during movement. The tactile belt, developed by UCF, consists of eight tactors (tactile drivers) arranged equidistant around the Soldier’s waist. Individual or multiple tactors can be activated by an operator using a remote wireless control system. Infantry Soldiers, wearing their standard uniforms and body armor, negotiated a woodland individual movement technique (IMT) obstacle course while simulating a combat patrol. Tactile and visual hand and arm signals were sent to the Soldiers as they negotiated the course. The accuracy of signal interpretation and response times was recorded. The tactile signal patterns were intuitive and easy for the Soldiers to understand; less than 10 minutes training was required for the Soldiers to become accurate in interpreting the four tactile signals used during the experiment. Results demonstrated that Soldiers performing IMT were able to receive, interpret, and accurately respond to the tactile commands faster than when the information was passed by leaders in the front of a wedge formation and leaders in the back of a wedge formation using conventional hand and arm signals. Soldiers also commented that they were better able to focus more attention on negotiating obstacles and on area situational awareness when receiving tactile signals than when maintaining visual contact with their leaders in order to receive standard hand and arm signals. DTIC Armor; Military Operations; Military Personnel; Situational Awareness; Telecommunication 20060048915 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Nuclear Command and Control: Current Programs and Issues Critchlow, Robert D; May 3, 2006; 41 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453640; CRS-RL33408; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Nuclear Command and Control System (NCCS) infrastructure supports the President and his combatant commanders when they direct nuclear forces. This report discusses the current role of the NCCS in light of the 2001 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) and the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), examines current issues surrounding the NCCS, reviews modernization initiatives, summarizes NCCS functions and characteristics, and reviews NCCS platforms. DTIC Command and Control; Nuclear Weapons 20060048937 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA An Emergency Communications Safety Net: Integrating 911 and Other Services Moore, Linda K; Sep 1, 2005; 19 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453714; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The present capability and future effectiveness of America’s network of emergency telecommunications services are among the homeland security issues under review by Congress and other entities. Emergency calls (911) on both wireline (landline) and wireless networks are considered by many to be part of this network. The 9/11 Commission recommended that 911 call centers be included in planning for emergency responses. As technologies that can support 911 improve, many are seeing the possibility of integrating 911 into a wider safety net of emergency communications and alerts. Without robust support and back-up, 911 systems can be overwhelmed or rendered useless, as occurred in many locations after Hurricane Katrina struck Gulf Coast communities on August 29, 2005. One of the intents of Congress in passing the Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-81), and of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in implementing the act, is to make 911 technology universally available throughout the USA. A 2002 report, known as the Hatfield Report, recognized the need to upgrade 911 infrastructure nationwide, discussed some of the difficulties encountered, and recommended the creation of a 911 bureau at the Executive level. Congress addressed recommendations from the Hatfield Report with provisions that were passed in the ENHANCE 911 Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-494). This legislation creates a five-year federal program for 911 implementation and coordination and authorizes funds for a matching grant program. Appropriations for the program have yet to be allocated although other funding is available through programs within the Department of 118

Transportation. This report reviews key points about the implementation of 911 and reviews some of the ways in which it might be integrated with existing or envisioned networks or services. It will be updated. DTIC Emergencies; Safety; Telecommunication 20060048946 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Public Safety Communications: Policy, Proposals, Legislation and Progress Moore, Linda K; Jun 8, 2005; 33 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453736; CRS-RL32594; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Since September 11, 2001, the effectiveness of America’s communications capabilities in support of the information needs of first responders and other public safety workers has been a matter of concern to Congress. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-458) included sections that responded to recommendations made by the 9/ll Commission, in its report of July 2004, and by others in recent years, regarding public safety communications. Nonetheless, there is much still to be done to bring the USA to the threshold of adequate communications capabilities in emergencies. Congress can expect that the many advocates for public safety, in all its forms, will continue to push for improvements in public safety communications and interoperability. DTIC Law (Jurisprudence); Policies; Safety; Telecommunication 20060048960 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Radio Transmission Between Two Submerged Submarines Norgorden, O; Quinn, R B; Jul 6, 1948; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453796; NRL-R-3308; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Experiments have been conducted with two submerged submarines which demonstrate that a radio wave propagation path is possible, involving transmission over the horizontal distance above the surface instead of directly through the sea water to the submerged receiver, which holds the prospect of communication over militarily useful distances. Without special transmitting, receiving, or antenna coupling equipment, and without optimum design of antennas or choice of frequency, a transmission distance of 3000 yards was realized, at which point the signal was weaker than the high local noise. DTIC Radio Transmission; Submarines 20060049164 Post and Electronic Communications Agency of the Republic of Slovenia, Slovenia Impact of Threshold Degradation on Availability of Digital Fixed Radio Links Sval, Milan; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 21-24; In English; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources With the growing density of fixed radio links, the possibility of system interferences is rapidly increasing. The most significant consequence is threshold degradation of receivers. The reuse of radio channels at the same location often causes threshold degradations that are above the recommended values. An analysis of the impact of threshold degradation on the link availability is presented. Results prove that the impact is relatively low, provided that the link has been planned with a sufficient fade margin. Author Radio Frequencies; Radio Communication; Radio Frequency Interference; Digital Systems; Degradation 20060049175 Ljubljana Univ., Ljubljana, Slovenia Vision of the 4G Mobile Telephony Tomazic, Saso; Sodnik, Jaka; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 13-20; In Slovene; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The mobile telephony has been one of the most perspective areas in telecommunications for some time already and it is still developing and growing. At present, we are witnessing the development of the third generation which is slowly establishing itself in the majority of the European countries. Based on current trends, the number of mobile devices will soon exceed that of the stationery personal computers linked on the internet. The present paper focuses on some of the most important names in the areas of research and development of the mobile telephony of the next generation. In August, the biggest European telecommunications manufacturers and operators established the WWFR forum, which is in charge of the 119

research in the field. The paper briefly presents its vision, which places users and their needs in the forefront. The mobile telecommunications of the future will be based on simple usage and absolute adjustment to the needs of users. Each terminal will be able to identify its users and will try to suit their needs in the best possible way. The terminal will take into account the current location of its users, surroundings, users mood, etc. The two basic features of the future devices worth mentioning are the on-line terminals and absolute mobility. With the latter terminals will allow connection with several different wireless networks and will be capable of moving from one into another without the existing connection failing. The networks will be based on the IF’ protocol and the communication will be enriched by multimedia contents. The paper further focuses on technologies that will enable the realization of all the presented demands. The research in specific areas is in the domain of the already mentioned forums and organizations. Author Telephony; Multimedia; Mobility; On-Line Systems; Telecommunication 20060049189 Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC, USA Home Computers and Internet Use in the USA: August 2000. Special Studies. Current Population Reports Newburger, E. C.; Sep. 2001; 11 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2007-100256; P23-207; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The rapid adoption of computer and Internet technology by the U.S. population has raised many questions. Which households have computers, and which have Internet access. Do children have the access to computer technology that they need to prepare them for jobs in a human capital economy. Do some children have access while others do not. Who uses the Internet, among both children and adults. How might this use change society. This report uses Current Population Survey (CPS) data to address some of the primary questions raised by the nation’s changing technological base. NTIS Internets; Personal Computers; Populations; United States 20060049261 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Mitigating TCP Degradation over Intermittent Link Failures using Intermediate Buffers Reynolds, M B; Jun 2006; 107 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454022; AFIT/GIA/ENG/06-09; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454022; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy This thesis addresses the improvement of data transmission performance in a challenged network. It is well known that the popular Transmission Control Protocol degrades in environments where one or more of the links along the route is intermittently available. To avoid this degradation, this thesis proposes placing at least one node along the path of transmission to buffer and retransmit as needed to overcome the intermittent link. In the four-node, three-link testbed under particular conditions, file transmission time was reduced 20 fold in the case of an intermittent second link when the second node strategically buffers for retransmission opportunity. DTIC Communication Networks; Data Links; Data Transmission; Degradation; Failure; Protocol (Computers) 20060049396 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Evaluation of the Effects of Predicted Associativity On the Reliability and Performance Of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Sanchez, Esteban F; Jun 2006; 146 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454372; AFIT/GCE/ENG/06-05; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454372; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) presents unique challenges not encountered in conventional networks. Predicted Associativity Routing (PAR) is a protocol designed to address reliability in MANETs. Using associativity information, PAR calculates the expected lifetime of neighboring links. Nodes use this expected lifetime, and their neighbor’s connectivity to determine a residual lifetime. The routes are selected from those with the longest residual lifetimes. In this way, PAR attempts to improve the reliability of discovered routes. PAR is compared to AODV using a variety of reliability and performance metrics. Despite its focus on reliability, PAR does not provide more reliable routes. Rather, AODV produces routes which last as much as three times longer than PAR. However, PAR delivers more data and has greater throughput. Both protocols are affected most by the node density of the networks. Node density accounts for 48.62% of the variation in route lifetime in AODV, and 70.66% of the variation in PAR. As node density increases from 25 to 75 nodes route lifetimes are 120

halved, while throughput increases drastically with the increased routing overhead. Furthermore, PAR increases end-to-end delay, while AODV displays better efficiency. DTIC Networks; Reliability 20060049440 Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Analysis and Coding for Multiple-Access Channels Ruszinko, Miklos; Mar 6, 2006; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-05-1-3017 Report No.(s): AD-A454472; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454472; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The most important communication channels were investigated in the situation of multiple users. These models do not assume any central intelligence there is no coordination between the transmitters, so fit to the usual conditions of an ad-hoc or sensor network. Better bounds on the minimum code word length and efficient code constructions were achieved for the scenarios, when many independent, partially active transmitters are communicating over a shared medium. These techniques can be applied in the usual code division multiple access (CDMA) situations where time and frequency resources can be utilized in one continuous domain throughout the entire communication system. Neither CDMA, nor the recently used random access protocols for conflict resolution utilize the full power of the channels. Efforts were made to obtain better bandwidth throughputs between the transmitters, to fit to the usual conditions of an ad-hoc network. DTIC Coding; Multiple Access 20060049461 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Improving Multitalker Speech Communication with Advanced Audio Displays Brungart, Douglas S; Simpson, Brian D; Apr 1, 2005; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454531; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454531; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Display Devices; Intelligibility; Speech 20060049594 Institut de Medecine Aerospatiale du Service, Armees, France Comment ameliorer la selection et le traitement des messages verbaux? (How to Improve the Selection and Processing of Verbal Messages) Rivenez, Marie; Darwin, Chris; Guillaume, Anne; Apr 2005; 13 pp.; In French; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454606; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Cognition; Messages; Psychoacoustics; Verbal Communication 20060049657 Army Aeromedical Research Lab., Fort Rucker, AL USA Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and Contact Microphones Acker-Mills, Barbara; Houtsma, Adrianus; Ahroon, William; Apr 2005; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454705; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Bones; Evaluation; Intelligibility; Microphones; System Effectiveness 20060049710 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USA Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution Planning and Control Mills, Patrick; Evers, Ken; Kinlin, Donna; Tripp, Robert S; Jan 2006; 108 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49642-01-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A454805; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy During the past decade, the U.S. military has supported continuous deployments of forces around the world, often on very 121

short notice and for prolonged duration, to meet the needs of a wide range of peacekeeping and humanitarian missions or major contingency operations. The pattern of varied and fast-breaking regional crises appears to be the model for the foreseeable future and has prompted the USA to reassess how it prepares, maintains, and employs its military forces. In response to this operating environment, the Air Force has reorganized into an Air and Space Expeditionary Force (AEF). The AEF concept divides the Air Force into 10 relatively equal groups (i.e., AEFs) of people and equipment. In any given 90-day period, two AEFs (or one AEF pair) are vulnerable to deployment to fulfill Air Force deployment requirements. The aim of this concept is to replace a permanent forward presence with forces that are primarily stationed in the continental USA (CONUS) and can be tailored rapidly, deployed quickly, employed immediately, and sustained indefinitely. These AEF global force projection goals present significant challenges to the current combat support (CS) system. CS is the collection of people, equipment, and processes that create, protect, and sustain air and space forces across the full range of military operations. In addition to the importance of CS, command and control (C2) has been identified as a key component of the AEF Agile Combat Support (ACS) system that needs further development. Joint doctrine defines C2 as the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. CSC2 thus, is the exercise of authority and direction over CS forces and resources to meet operational objectives. This work expands on the work of Leftwich et al., which presented initial concepts for guiding the development of a CSC2 operational architecture for the AEF. DTIC Combat; Command and Control; Deployment; Logistics Management; Management Planning; Military Operations; Support Systems 20060049830 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Code-Division Multiple-Access for High-Capacity Optical Networks Ghaffari, B; Geraniotis, E; Jan 1992; 48 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1375; CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454949; SRC-TR-92-42; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper provides an accurate analysis of the performance of a random-carrier (RC) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) scheme recently introduced for use in high capacity optical networks. According to this scheme coherent optical techniques are employed to exploit the huge bandwidth of single-mode optical fibers and are coupled with spread spectrum direct sequence modulation in order to mitigate the interference from other signals due to the frequency overlap caused by the instability of the carrier frequency of the laser, or to the mistakes in the frequency coordination and assignment. The average bit error probability of this multiple-access scheme is evaluated by using the characteristic function of the other-user interference at the output of the matched optical filter. Both phase noise and thermal noise are taken into account in the computation. Time-synchronous as well as asynchronous systems are analyzed in this context. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and on-off-keying (OOK) data modulation schemes are considered. The analysis is valid for arbitrary values of the spreading gain and the number of interfering users. The performance evaluation of RC CDMA establishes the potential advantage in employing hybrids of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and CDMA to combat inter-carrier interference in dense WDMA systems. DTIC Carrier Waves; Code Division Multiple Access; Coherent Radiation; Fiber Optics; Multiple Access; Multiplexing; Transmission Lines 20060049831 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of Optical Signals Ghaffari, Behzad; Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1992; 23 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1375; CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454951; SRC-TR-92-43; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper provides an accurate analysis of the performance of coherent dense wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) schemes introduced for use in high-capacity optical networks. In our analysis the effects of interference from other signals due to the frequency overlap caused by the instability of the carrier frequency of laser, or to mistakes in frequency coordination and assignment, are taken into account. Phase noise and thermal noise are also taken into consideration. Dense WDMA is then coupled with spread-spectrum direct-sequence modulation in order to mitigate the effect of interference from other signals. The performance of this hybrid of WDMA and code division multiple access (CDMA) scheme is also analyzed and compared to that of pure WDMA. The average bit error probability of dense WDMA and WDMA/CDMA schemes is evaluated by integrating the characteristic function of other user interference at the output of the matched optical filter. 122

Gaussian approximation techniques are also employed. Time synchronous and as asynchronous systems are analyzed in this context. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) data modulation is considered. Our analysis quantifies accurately for first time the multiple access capability of dense WDMA schemes and the advantages offered by employing hybrids of WDMA and CDMA. DTIC Code Division Multiple Access; Fiber Optics; Multiplexing; Optical Communication; Transmission Lines 20060049857 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Lexington, MA USA Channel Characterization for EHF Satellite Communications on the Move Smith, W M; Jul 12, 2006; 53 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0002 Report No.(s): AD-A454988; TR-1109; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy In addition to long signal propagation delays, the mobile satellite terminal in a land-mobile satellite communications system is subject to channel impairments imposed by the terrestrial environment. Statistical channel models are needed for protocol development and performance evaluation of systems for satellite communications (SATCOM) on the move. Experimental measurements were made in and around Boston, MA, using a prototype system for SATCOM on the move. The measurements characterize the 20 GHz down-link signal and were made in the fall and winter months of 2004. The elevation angle to the satellite was approximately 360. This report covers the measurement campaign, initial single-terminal channel modeling. and multi-terminal channel models relevant for cooperating ground terminals. The data sets are analyzed for the statistical properties of the channel state. The channel is considered to be ‘open’ when a clear path exists to the satellite and ‘blocked’ when there is an obstruction in the path that prevents the successful transfer of information from transmitter to receiver. For the single-channel analysis. three operational environments were previously classified as urban, rural, or open. We propose two new operational categories: open highway and dense urban. The addition of these categories is based on a natural partitioning of the experimental data. The open highway channel model contains very long open intervals, 310 m on average, and is blocked 5% of the time. The dense urban environment, on the other hand, consists of tall, closely spaced buildings. In this environment, the average blockage duration is 130 m and the channel is blocked 89% of the time. We evaluate the suitability of Markov state models to accurately reflect the channel behavior. DTIC Characterization; Extremely High Frequencies; Satellite Communication 20060050163 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Test of Models RAA and RAB Receiving Equipments Gough, John H; Feb 19, 1934; 35 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454333; NRL-R-1027; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454333; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This problem requires that exhaustive tests and examination of the Model RAA and Model RAB receiving equipments be made to provide the data necessary for the preparation of revised specifications covering such equipments. The receivers tested were manufactured by the RCA Victor Company of Camden, New Jersey. DTIC Receivers; Models 20060050184 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An MIT Security Studies Program Conference Cote, Owen; Dec 1999; 79 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454546; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454546; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This report is in part a summary and in part a reaction to a conference held in December 1999 by the MIT Security Studies Program. The conference looked broadly at two questions. Why mobile targets? Why from under the sea? Operation Allied Force demonstrated some important facts about our current military posture, and particularly about our strike warfare capabilities, that hint at answers to these two questions. First, Integrated Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) guidance will soon solve the fixed target problem. What does this mean? If the U.S. military is vigilant and aggressive in developing and protecting GPS/INS, it will be able to guide weapons of any range, precisely, night or day, cloudy or clear, to any point on the surface of the earth. When the target being attacked is fixed at the point the weapon is aimed at, it will simply be a matter of assigning the right payload to assure that the target will be within that weapon’s lethal 123

radius. Second, the mobile target problem is far from being solved. One definition of the mobile target problem is those circumstances in which the attacker cannot be certain his target will be at the point of its most recent detection when the weapon he aims at it arrives. In this category of targets lies the bulk of an opponent’s military forces, which remain still for much of the time, but which move enough to make them mobile by this definition. During Allied Force, Serbian army and police forces engaging in ethnic cleansing operations faced little opposition from allied air forces, even though the latter enjoyed complete air supremacy by most definitions of that term. DTIC Conferences; Global Positioning System; Seas; Security; Targets; Warfare

20060050192 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change Buttolph, Adele M; Reed, Christopher W; Kraus, Nicholas C; Ono, Nobuyuki; Larson, Magnus; Camenen, Benoit; Hanson, Hans; Wamsley, Ty; Zundel, Aan K; Aug 2006; 216 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453954; ERDC/CHL-TR-06-9; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453954; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This report, the second in a series, describes upgrades of the two-dimensional circulation model CMS-M2D developed under the Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP) conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Rsearch and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory. The upgrades chiefly concern capability to calculate sediment transport and morphology change at coastal inlets, navigation channels, and adjacent beaches. CMS-M2D is operated as part of the CIRP’s Coastal Modeling System (CMS) that couples calculations of wave transformation, circulation (horizontal currents and water surface elevation), sediment transport, and morphology change. The coupling is interactive and accomplished within a graphical user interface called the Surface-water Modeling System (SMS). Within the SMS, the CMS contains menus and steering modules that allow specification of input and output, as well as the time steps for and degree of interaction among the various processes. The SMS also contains utilities for viewing data and calculation results, monitoring progress of simulations, and running of project level CMS-M2D applications with tidal and surge forcing as provided by a regional circulation model. CMS-M2D is computationally efficient, easy to set up, and has features required for many coastal engineering applications at coastal inlets and at the bays and beaches adjoining inlets. Example features include robust flooding and drying, wind-speed dependent (time-varying) wind-drag coefficient, variably-spaced bottom-friction coefficient, time- and space-varying wave-stress forcing, efficient grid storage in memory, and two hot-start options. Three sediment-transport formulations are available for selection by the user, two involving total load formulations and one involving calculation and transport by bedload and suspended load in an advection-diffusion equation approach. DTIC Depth; Morphology; Navigation; Sediment Transport

20060050200 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Characterizing the Impact of Precision Time and Range Measurements from Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Network Differential GPS Position Solutions Cook, Kendra B; Mar 2006; 142 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454371; AFIT/GA/ENG/06-02; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454371; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy Many GPS applications require precise relative positioning of a network of vehicles (such as aircraft, tanks, troops, etc). Although GPS has become commonplace in today’s society, there are still limitations affecting the system. Recent advances in dynamic Two-Way Time Transfer (TWTT) have potentially provided a means to improve precise relative positioning accuracy over differential GPS (DGPS)-only approaches. TWTT is a technique in which signals are simultaneously exchanged between users. This research investigates the impact of using Two-Way Time Transfer (TWTT) time measurements to augment differential GPS systems to improve the relative positioning solutions of vehicle networks. Incorporating the TWTT time meas. into the DGPS solution improves the 3-D relative positioning accuracy by up to 44% with pseudorange measurements and 35% with phase measurements. Normally, the TWTT measurements are used in a manner that cancels out the impact of the vehicle position in order to obtain a precise relative time measurement. The research also implements an innovative approach to using TWTT measurement to obtain a precise measurement of the vehicle position in addition to the time measurement. The results show that 3-D relative positioning solutions can be improved by up to 48% when using pseudorange 124

measurements augmented with TWTT time and range measurement and up to 40% when using phase meas. augmented with TWTT time and range meas. DTIC Global Positioning System; Networks; Position Sensing; Precision; Rangefinding; Time Measurement

33 ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Includes development, performance, and maintainability of electrical/electronic devices and components; related test equipment; and microelectronics and integrated circuitry. for related information see also 60 Computer Operations and Hardware; and 76 Solid-State Physics. For communications equipment and devices see 32 Communications and Radar.

20060048202 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA System Dynamics and Control System for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator and Fast Tool Servo Montesanti, R. C.; Trumper, D. L.; Aug. 08, 2005; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881898; UCRL-CONF-214383; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) This paper explores some of the system dynamics and control issues for a short-stroke rotary actuator that we designed and tested for a new fast tool servo referred to as the 10 kHz rotary fast tool servo. The use of a fast tool servo (FTS) with a diamond turning machine for producing non-axisymmetric or textured surfaces on a workpiece is well known. In a previous paper (1) the authors provide details on the mechanical design and trade-off issues that were considered during the design phase for the fast tool servo. At the heart of that machine is the normal-stress variable reluctance rotary actuator described in more detail in this paper. In addition to producing the torque that is needed for the 10 kHz rotary fast tool servo, the actuator produces a force and is therefore referred to as a hybrid rotary/linear actuator. The actuator uses bias and steering magnetic fluxes for linearizing the torque versus current relationship. Certain types of electric engraving heads use an actuator similar in principle to our hybrid actuator. In the case of the engraving heads, the actuator is used to produce and sustain a resonating mechanical oscillator. This is in sharp contrast to the arbitrary trajectory point-to-point closed-loop control of the tool tip that we demonstrate with our actuator and the 10 kHz FTS. NTIS Actuators; Bandwidth; Dynamic Control; Servomechanisms 20060048339 National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology, Japan A Study for Technology of Controlling Next-Generation Backbone Network Otsuki, Hideki; Arai, Nahoko; Morioka, Toshio; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 121-126; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources It is strongly required from both viewpoints of reducing operation cost and advanced network functionality, to achieve a technology to control kinds of network equipments by single protocol set. For development of wavelength division multiplex network, as next generation optical network, it is expected to be in practical use the GMPLS technology to control optical paths. NiCT is investigating to realize a global inter-operability of GMPLS in Kei-Han-Na open laboratory, collaborating with industry, academia and government and aiming to lead international standardization, furthermore, to achieve a wide area field test bed for GMPLS network utilizing JGN II. Author Optical Paths; Protocol (Computers); Multiplexing; Field Tests; Standardization 20060048340 National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology, Japan Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Signal Processing Abendin, Kazi Sarwar; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 9-14; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources We demonstrate compact high-repetition rate picosecond/femtosecond pulse sources, wavelength converters using nonlinear pulse shaping and ultrafast pulse retimers that are based on nonlinear effect in optical fibers. We generated picosecond pulses at a 40-GHz repetition rate from a laser that employs photonic crystal fiber for reducing the cavity length. Furthermore, we produce 10-GHz femtosecond solitons, tunable over a 90-nm range, by means of soliton self-frequency shift of the mode-locked laser pulses in a 12.6-m-long PCF. Finally, retiming of signal pulses by orthogonally polarized control 125

pulses co-propagating using a polarization-maintaining fiber is also demonstrated. Author Optical Data Processing; Picosecond Pulses; Frequency Shift; Nonlinearity; Pulsed Lasers 20060048341 National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology, Japan EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmission Murai, Hitoshi; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 27-34; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Ultra high-speed signal transmission at a bit rate of 160Gb/s is one of key technologies to construct next generation ultra high-capacity optical network. In the ‘Research and Development on Ultrahigh-speed Backbone Photonic Network Technologies’ project, promoted by NICT, we have developed 160Gb/s optical multiplexing/demultiplexing techniques with a capability for practical use. In this report, we describe the overview of the 160Gb/s OTDM technologies based on EA modulators, and we also discuss the applicability of the OTDM techniques to real system, reviewing 160Gb/s field transmission experiment on JGNII optical testbed. Author High Speed; Multiplexing; Signal Transmission; Demultiplexing; Modulators 20060048342 National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology, Japan Advanced Optical Modulators for Next-generation Photonic Networks Kawanishi, Tetsuya; Sakamoto, Takahide; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 51-56; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources This article describes recent research activities using an NICT novel optical device, the optical frequency-shift-keying (FSK) modulator, which can provide high-speed control of optical frequency, phase and amplitude. The FSK modulator can generate various types of high-speed optical signals, precisely. We show a couple of examples of recent results on applications of the FSK modulator for next-generation optical communications systems, such as, optical FSK label processing, tunable optical buffer techniques, high-speed differential quadrature-phase-shift-keying (DQPSK) signal generation for 100GbE and continuous-phase FSK signal generation for dense wavelength-domain-multiplexing. Author Frequency Shift Keying; Quadrature Phase Shift Keying; Optical Equipment; Optical Communication; Modulators; Multiplexing; High Speed

20060048343 National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology, Japan Highly Efficient Optical Communication Technologies Miyazaki, Tetsuya; Naruse, Makoto; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 57-63; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Highly efficient optical communication technologies are becoming important since the conventional strategies, such as denser wavelength multiplexing or higher time-domain multiplexing, are approaching their physical limits. Power-efficiency and volume-efficiency are additional important demands required in optical communications. In this paper, we show our recent development in high-efficient optical communications such as multi-level transmission technologies and high-density optical signal processing performed in a scale smaller than the diffraction limit of light. Author Optical Communication; Optical Data Processing; Power Effıciency

20060048347 National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology, Japan Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF for Remotely Controlling Lambda-Paths Nakagawa, Goji; Yoshida, Setsuo; Kai, Yutaka; Onaka, Hiroshi; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 85-90; In English; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Metro access networks require dynamic provisioning of high-capacity links to achieve bandwidth-on-demand because of frequent changes in data services and capacity to the users. We proposed a photonic gateway using Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters for Metro access that provides flexible and rapid any node-to-node connections via the wavelength path with a simple 126

configuration, low cost, and compactness. We developed a prototype and confirmed that using the gateway flexibly establishes connections between any nodes at wavelength path switching speeds of 0.25 ms. Author Acousto-Optics; Bandwidth; Switching; Tunable Filters

20060048348 Osaka Univ., Japan R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in the World Kitayama, Ken-ichi; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 3-7; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources With full-scale deployment of broadband services, a future-proof 21 st-century network, which is based upon innovative photonic network technologies, has to be built to cope with the rapid growth of IP traffic. In this paper, R&D programs supported by national institutes in Japan, USA, and European Union are introduced. Author Research and Development; Photonics; Deployment; Proving; Broadband

20060048350 National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology, Japan Studies on Architecture and Control Technology for Optical Packet Switches Harai, Hiroaki; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 113-120; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources In this paper, we first describe overview and advanced technology of optical packet switches (OPS) and requirement for practical use of OPS of which target is the Internet and 10 Tbps throughput. Then, we report switch architecture, recent activities of integrated technology and electronic control systems for OPS. Author Electronic Control; Control Theory; Architecture (Computers); Switches; Optics; Buffers

20060048353 Osaka Univ., Japan Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Mitigation Matumoto, Masayuki; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 43-49; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) is one of major factors limiting the performance of highspeed optical fiber transmission systems. This review paper describes basic mathematics and features of PMD, statistical properties of PMD of some installed systems, and principles of proposed methods of PMD mitigation. Author Optical Fibers; Polarization; Birefringence; Signal Transmission; Statistical Distributions; Dispersion

20060048505 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sensing Woodard, Stanley E., Inventor; Taylor, Bryant D., Inventor; May 23, 2006; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 8 Aug. 2005; US-Patent-7,047,807; US-Patent-Appl-SN-203583; US-Patent-Appl-SN-609510; NASA-Case-LAR-16974-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048505; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy A flexible framework supports electrically-conductive elements in a capacitive sensing arrangement. Identical frames are arranged end-to-end with adjacent frames being capable of rotational movement there between. Each frame has first and second passages extending therethrough and parallel to one another. Each of the first and second passages is adapted to receive an electrically-conductive element therethrough. Each frame further has a hollowed-out portion for the passage of a fluent material therethrough. The hollowed-out portion is sized and shaped to provide for capacitive sensing along a defined region between the electrically-conductive element in the first passage and the electrically-conductive element in the second passage. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Capacitance; Detection; Electrical Resistivity; Electrical Engineering 127

20060048515 Alcatel Space, Toulouse, France A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results Bourga, Christophe; Peyrotte, Christian; Mehlen, Christian; Colmenarejo, Pablo; Lopez-Almansa, Jose-Maria; Barrena, Valentin; Lestarquit, Laurent; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document A breadboard of a Formation Flying RF Subsystem has been designed, developed and tested in order to demonstrate feasibility and performance of the concept proposed for the Darwin mission and for the Smart-3 demonstrator. This breadboard comprises of 3 RF Terminal units and 1 PC hosting the near-real-time Navigation Processing software. Each RF Terminal transmits and receives a TDMA L-band GPS-like signal, to and from all other RF Terminals. The breadboard is set up in a laboratory and RF Terminal units are connected through cables. Ranging and angular measurements are collected in static and dynamic configurations, and are used to compute relative position of the units. Author Breadboard Models; Formation Flying; Radio Frequencies; Navigation; Ultrahigh Frequencies; Time Division Multiple Access; Proving 20060048639 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Convergence Analysis of a Class of Networks of Nonlinear Coupled Oscillators Justh, Eric W; Jan 1994; 95 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0105; F49620-92-J-0500 Report No.(s): AD-A453246; ISR-MS-94-11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453246; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy A network of nonlinear coupled oscillators is presented, and a convergence proof is given along with physical motivation. Next, the network architecture is generalized by allowing interconnections between oscillators to be controlled in an adaptive fashion, and convergence of the generalized network is proved. An example network is presented to illustrate the utility of such networks and to show why the problem of undesired stable equilibria must be addressed. Two alternative approaches are then presented which overcome the problem of undesired stable equilibria appearing in the network dynamics. Finally, an analog VLSI approach to implementation of such networks is presented, and tradeoffs among power dissipation, bandwidth, and network size are discussed. DTIC Adaptive Control; Convergence; Nonlinearity; Oscillators 20060048700 Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA USA Mixed-Signal Electronics Technology for Space (MSETS) Ringo, John; Feb 16, 2006; 202 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F29601-02-2-0299; Proj-2181 Report No.(s): AD-A453348; OGRD-21705; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453348; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy The purpose of this project was to stimulate development of analog and mixed-signal electronics technology for communications and other missions in space. The research was conducted by the Center for Design of Analog-Digital Integrated Circuits (CDADIC), headquarters at Washington State University, and consisting of multiple universities and industry partners. To accomplish the research goal, 14 projects were conducted by CDADIC university-industry teams in six major technical areas, as identified by AFRL. These six areas included: 1) System circuit modeling for VLSI circuit implementation; 2) Standard cell/topologies in radiation-hardened SOI; 3) Reconfigurable mixed-signal electronics; 4) System-on-a-chip; 5) Predictive radiation effects models; and 6) Ultra low-power technologies. Research covered all six areas. DTIC Aerospace Systems; Electronic Equipment 20060048947 Air Force Research Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA USA A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with Integrated TEM Transmission Lines Reid, J R; Webster, Richard T; Aug 17, 2006; 5 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2305 Report No.(s): AD-A453750; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) 128

A compact 4-pole bandpass filter centered at 55 GHz with a 13.6% bandwidth is realized using an integrated three-dimensional microfabrication process. The filter has an almost exact match to the design simulations except for a shift in the center frequency that is less than 1.3%. Measured insertion loss is 2.4-3.5 dB. The filter is very compact, measuring less than 0.86 mm by 1.9 mm by 0.3 mm. This filter clearly demonstrates the potential of three-dimensional microfabrication processes for the realization of millimeter-wave filters. DTIC Bandpass Filters; Microelectromechanical Systems; Micromachining; Microwave Filters; Millimeter Waves; Transmission Lines 20060048951 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for Detecting Incipient Instability Kim, Taihyun; Abed, Eyad H; Sep 9, 1998; 38 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-96-1-0161; N00014-96-1-1123 Report No.(s): AD-A453764; ISR-TR-98-49; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Monitoring systems are proposed for the detection of incipient instability in uncertain nonlinear systems. The work employs generic features associated with the response to noise inputs of systems bordering on instability. These features, called ‘noisy precursors’ in the work of Wiesenfeld, also yield information on the type of bifurcation that would be associated with the predicted instability. The closed-loop monitoring systems proposed in the paper have several advantages over simple open-loop monitoring. The advantages include the ability to influence the frequencies at which the noisy precursors are observed, and the ability to simultaneously monitor and control the system. DTIC Detection; Feedback Control; Nonlinear Systems; Stability; White Noise 20060048976 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Partial and Full Inverse Compensation for Hysteresis in Smart Material Systems Smith, Ralph C; Bouton, Chad; Zrostlik, Rick; Jan 2000; 6 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0180 Report No.(s): AD-A453832; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Smart material transducers employing piezoceramic or magnetostrictive drive components typically exhibit constitutive nonlinearities and hysteresis at moderate to high drive levels. While feedback mechanisms or careful choice of operating regimes can often reduce these effects, spillover into high frequency dynamics and phase lags associated with the two phenomena will degrade the controller performance at high drive levels in the absence of additional compensation or nonlinear control design. In this paper, we discuss two techniques to compensate for hysteresis in high performance transducers. The first is based on a complete transducer model, and the resulting compensator accommodates both the constitutive nonlinearities and hysteresis inherent to the smart material components. The second technique employs a partial inverse compensator based on anhysteretic models for the material behavior. This accommodates the constitutive nonlinearities but does not incorporate the hysteresis; the latter phenomenon is then addressed through the inclusion of a feedback loop in the controller. The performance of the partial inverse compensator is illustrated in the context of a high force Terfenol-D transducer. DTIC Hysteresis; Smart Materials; Transducers 20060049020 Air Force Research Lab., Rome, NY USA Terahertz (THZ) Imaging Rao, Raghuveer; Mar 2006; 53 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-517R Report No.(s): AD-A453941; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Previously, the problem of Concealed Weapon Detection, CWD, was addressed in the context of detecting weapons concealed under clothing. Infrared and millimeter wave images were considered for the purpose. Infrared detection depends on the concealed weapon’s temperature being significantly different from that of its surroundings. Millimeter wave detection relies on reflection from the object of interest. Passive detection is possible in many instances since MMW is present naturally and can penetrate various types of clothing. Active devices can also be used to provide MMW illumination. It was found that IR images are less reliable since one can easily defeat or mask the object’s response. MMW detector technology has only now advanced to the point where real time images are possible. Imaging in the Terahertz (THz) wavelengths was an avenue that 129

suggested itself as worthy of exploration. Like MMW it penetrates clothing. However, with wavelengths ranging from 1 micron to 1 mm, it provides superior resolution. Furthermore, it offers spectroscopic capability that enables object identification not only by shape attributes but also by material composition. This opens up applications such as standoff detection of explosives. The range of 300 GHz to 3 THz has been explored by many researchers. Standoff ranges of up to 50 meters can be achieved at these frequencies. The main limitation is water vapor absorption. A considerable amount of work has been done in developing THz generators and detectors. However, there is much work that needs to be done in the area of signal and image processing algorithms for making THz technology useful in applications such as CWD and explosives detection. DTIC Algorithms; Images; Imaging Techniques; Millimeter Waves; Real Time Operation; Signal Processing; Water; Weapon Systems 20060049093 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Region Prather, Dennis; Sulima, Oleg V.; June 30, 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNL04AC40T; WBS 478643.02.02.02.03; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049093; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Within the framework of the project the University of Delaware has developed InGaAsSb-based heterojunction phototransistors (HPT) structure with a large (1000 micron diameter) photosensitive/photoactive area. Two different compositions of quaternary alloys were used to provide the cutoff wavelength (50% of maximum quantum efficiency) of 2.4 micron (Type 1) and 2.15 micron (Type 2). The Type 1 HPT was composed of Al0.25Ga0.75As0.02Sb0.98 and In0.18Ga0.82As0.17Sb0.83 layers with room-temperature bandgaps of Eg approximates 1.0 eV and Eg approximates 0.54 eV, respectively. The layers are lattice-matched to a GaSb substrate. The growth started with a 0.15micron-thick n+-GaSb buffer layer and was completed with a 0.1 m-thick n+- GaSb contact layer doped with Te. The HPT structure includes a 0.5 m-thick n-type AlGaAsSb emitter, 0.8 micron-thick p-type composite base consisting of AlGaAsSb (0.3 m) and InGaAsSb (0.5 m) layers, and a 1.5micron - thick n type InGaAsSb collector. The Type 2 HPT differed by a higher bandgap In0.16Ga0.84As 0.14Sb0.86 layers with a room-temperature bandgap of Eg approximates 0.555 eV. Derived from text Heterojunctions; Phototransistors; Fabrication; Crystal Structure; Molecular Beam Epitaxy 20060049162 Ljubljana Univ., Ljubljana, Slovenia Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 Zajc, Baldomir, Editor; Trost, Andrej, Editor; Odbor, Uredniski, Editor; Bajd, Tadej, Editor; Brglez, Franc, Editor; Divjak, Sasa, Editor; Drnovsek, Janko, Editor; Gubina, Ferdo, Editor; Horvat, Bogomir, Editor; Jezernik, Karel, Editor, et al.; 2006; ISSN 0013-5852; 80 pp.; In English; See also 20060049163 - 20060049175; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The topics discussed include: Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents; Human Perception and Objective Delay Evaluation of Multimedia Services; Vision of the 4G Mobile Telephony; Impact of Threshold Degradation on Availability of Digital Fixed Radio Links; Electrical Drive Inductive Coupling; Object-Oriented Design and Implementation of Computer Chess; Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations; Electromechanical Television Systems with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and Synthesis; Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis; Design of Current Impulse Generator; Two Methods for Calibration Without A Through Connection On A Three-Sampler Vector Analyzer; New Perspectives for Power Transmission in the European Liberalized Electricity Market and Possible Role of Four-Phase Systems; and Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern Realizations. Derived from text Digital Systems; Electromechanics; Principal Components Analysis; Television Systems; Radio Communication; Calibrating; Detection; Image Analysis; Impulse Generators 20060049165 Kosice Technical Univ., Czechoslovakia Electrical Drive Inductive Coupling Kovacova, Irena; Kovac, Dobroslav; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 25-30; In English; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources 130

The paper presents a computer analysis of inductive coupling of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problem. Its focus is on power electronics and electrical drives and tests performed by a numerical computer simulation that can disclose suite surprising findings about EMC problems. Author Electromagnetic Coupling; Power Converters; Electromagnetic Compatibility 20060049166 Maribor Univ., Maribor, Slovenia Electromechanical Television Systems with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and Synthesis Jurkovic, Franc; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 45-46; In Slovene; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The paper shows that three patents describing electromechanical television systems with nonuniform image analysis and synthesis are based on the same principle as the human eye physiology. Viewing the field centre is perceived more sharply than the remaining surrounding part. The Codelli system was realised by the German firm Telefunken. Codelli described it in the journal Fernsehen in 1930. This system used 12.5 frames per second in sixty spiral rings. Author Television Systems; Image Analysis; Electromechanics; Nonuniformity 20060049168 Maribor Univ., Maribor, Slovenia Design of Current Impulse Generator Gaber, Matjaz; Pihler, Joze; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 53-58; In Slovene; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The standard exponential impulse current (Figure 1) is used for testing surge arresters and lightning protection systems [ 1,2,3,4,5]. It is generated in a serial RLC circuit by discharging the capacitor through the coil and the resistor. The impact of selection of the RLC circuit parameters on the current wave shape is described by the Equation (4) and is for various parameters shown in Figures 3,4 and 5. Parameters of the current impulse generator are determined by using the graph from Figure 6 [7]. From the computation results it is seen that it is impossible to obtain an accurate 8/20 ps standard exponential impulse current wave shape in compliance with applicable standards (Tables 2, 3, and Figure 7), since the first oscillation after the passage of the current through zero is larger than permitted [l]. By changing the impulse front time TI and duration time T2, the results are in compliance with the standards (Tables 4, 5, and Figure 8). A change in the impulse current wave shape (front time TI and duration time T,) varies all parameters of the current impulse generator. Upon changing the setting of the maximum impulse current, only the necessary supply voltage changes while the current wave shape and values of passive elements of current impulse generator remain unchanged (Figure 9). Reducing the surge capacitance results in the increases the supply voltage and inductance in the surge circuit. Therefore, it is very important to find a compromise between the supply voltage magnitude, capacitance and inductance. Reducing capacitance requires a higher supply voltage magnitude (Table 9). In figure 11, a practical design of the current impulse generator is proposed. It contains a triggering spark-gap to obtain the necessary switching speed. The figure also containing the tested object and measurement resistor that should be insensitive to the skin effect. Author Impulse Generators; RLC Circuits; Oscillations; Inductance; Surges; Capacitance; Resistors 20060049170 Ljubljana Univ., Ljubljana, Slovenia Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations Rusjan, Bruno; Rusjan, Edmond; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 38-44; In Slovene; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The paper treats a system of three combined vessels, analogous in certain conditions to a heat system of three combined bodies and to a three-link RC ladder (Eq. (l), Fig. 1,2). It then analyses a damped spring-mass system, analogous to an RLC circuit, pendulum and in certain condition, to a control system (Eq. (5), (6), Fig. 3,4). The superposition of phenomena of both systems corresponds to the dynamics of combined vessels in particular conditions. Economic and finance oscillations of some countries from 1980 show instability of the relative combined system (Fig. 5, 6). It seems that this system has two integral links and therefore it is by itself unstable. A water power station (with a servomotor added to the turbine) is a dual integral link system that is a practical example of combined vessels. Such a power station can operate economically and safely if it has an outlet-inlet control and a high level control. If a higher electric power (outlet) is needed, it is possible only for a restricted time conditioned with a minimal high level and a slow change of outlet preventing level oscillations. By analogy, 131

it can be said that in economy and finance in addition to market appropriate control systems are needed. The most dangerous is the outlet of money because it causes the greatest instability and crises. This is valid in particular for underdeveloped countries. Keywords: combined vessels, heat transfer, RC ladder, damped spring-mass system, RLC circuit, control system, multi-year oscillations of economy and finance Author Heat Transfer; Economics; Servomotors; Turbines; RLC Circuits; Finance; Oscillations

20060049171 Trieste Univ., Italy New Perspectives for Power Transmission in the European Liberalized Electricity Market and Possible Role of Four-Phase Systems Fontanot, Sergio; Quaia, Stefano; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 64-70; In English; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Production outsourcing and transmission privatization are emerging trends in the European liberalized electricity market. Transmission privatization can be a valuable opportunity of expansion for power system operators, but also an economically convenient choice for large industrial customers, that can avoid the pay-tolls due to the public transmission grids by directly connecting their production plants to the drawing power plants through non-institutional lines (the so-called merchant lines). In this new scenario, the four-phase AC transmission can be an interesting alternative to the three-phase AC and DC power transmission. This paper discusses the main features of the four-phase connection and the role it could play in the European electricity market. Author Transmission Lines; Alternating Current; Power Transmission; Electricity; Connectors

20060049211 Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC USA Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabilities Within the Positive-Differential-Resistance Regions of Tunneling Devices Lasater, M I; Zhao, P; Kelley, C T; Woolard, D L; Jan 2003; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453921; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453921; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy This paper presents theoretical results on instability processes that occur in the positive-differential/resistance region of nanoscale tunneling structures and reports on efforts to development advanced numerical techniques for use in future optimization studies. These results were obtained from numerical implementations of the Wigner-Poisson electron transport model. Here, the primary focus of the reported research is on developing simulation methods that are adaptive to parallel-computing platforms. Together, these investigations demonstrate the high computational demands associated with modeling fully time-dependent phenomenon in resonant tunneling structures (RTS) and offer new numerical solutions for the rapid and efficient analysis of these types of problems. Furthermore, the simulation tools under development will enable future investigations into new quantum phenomenon that strongly influence instability processes in RTSs. DTIC Electron Transfer; Nanostructures (Devices); Quantum Wells; Resonant Tunneling; Stability

20060049212 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simulation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tunneling Devices Kelley, C T; Woolard, D L; Zhao, P; Kerr, M; Lasater, M I; Jan 2002; 5 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453922; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453922; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy This paper presents theoretical results on instability processes in nanoscale tunneling structures that were obtained from a computationally improved physics-based simulator. The results were obtained from a numerical implementation of the Wigner-Poisson electron transport model upon a parallel-computing platform. These investigations considered various forms of multi-barrier resonant tunneling structures (RTSs) and they were used to test the robustness of the new modeling code. This improved modeling tool is shown to be fast and efficient with the potential to facilitate complete and rigorous studies of this time-dependent phenomenon. This is important because it will allow for the study of RTSs embedded in realistic circuit configurations. Hence, this advanced simulation tool will allow for the detailed study of RTS devices coupled to circuits where numerical simulations in time and iterative numerical optimization over the circuit parameters are required. Therefore, this 132

work will enable the future study of RTS-based circuits operating at very high frequencies. DTIC Computerized Simulation; Coupling Circuits; Nanostructures (Devices); Stability 20060049218 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC Plasma Flow Control Actuator Wall, Jennifer D; Jun 2006; 95 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453932; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J16; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453932; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy An experiment on the effects of a pulsed DC plasma actuator on a separated flow in a low speed wind tunnel was conducted. The actuator consisted of two asymmetric copper electrodes oriented normal to the flow separated by a dielectric barrier and mounted on a flat plate in the center of the tunnel. A contoured insert was constructed and used to create an adverse pressure gradient in the test section comparable to a Pak-B low pressure turbine blade distribution. Suction was applied from the upper wall to induce separation along the flat plate over the electrodes. The DC power supply was kept constant at 8.5 kV and power was regulated through a high voltage fast transistor switch. The pulse width of the switch remained at 250 ns with the frequency ranging from 25 to 100 Hz. All studies were conducted at a Reynolds number of 30,000 to simulate takeoff and other low speed conditions. It was found that the DC pulsed plasma actuator could reattach the flow but not consistently at these conditions. Furthermore no evidence was found to indicate that coherent vortical structures are responsible for reenergizing the boundary layer and controlling separation DTIC Actuators; Boundary Layer Separation; Direct Current; Low Speed; Magnetohydrodynamic Flow; Separated Flow; Wind Tunnels 20060049219 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning Smith, Ralph C; Salapaka, Murti V; Hatch, Andrew; Smith, Joshua; De, Tathagata; Jan 2002; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0107; NSF-CMS-0099764 Report No.(s): AD-A453933; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453933; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy This paper focuses on the development of constitutive models, commensurate system models, and inverse compensator construction for high speed nanopositioning in atomic force microscopes (AFM). All current AFM employ either stacked or cylindrical piezoceramic actuators for both longitudinal and transverse positioning of the sample. An inherent property of these materials is the presence of hysteresis and constitutive nonlinearities, even at the low drive levels employed for angstrom-level resolution. At low frequencies, standard feedback mechanisms effectively attenuate the hysteresis, whereas noise at high frequencies diminishes the efficacy of feedback and leads to unacceptable accuracy. In this paper, we discuss modeling techniques which provide a first step toward high speed nanopositioning for applications ranging from macroscopic product evaluation to real-time imaging of biological processes. DTIC Atoms; Compensators; High Speed; Hysteresis; Mathematical Models; Microscopes; Models; Nanotechnology; Piezoelectric Transducers 20060049321 Kookmin Univ., Seoul, Korea, Republic of Fabrication and Characterization of Electric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at the end of Scanning Probe Tip Shin, Hyunjung; Jul 27, 2006; 6 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA5209-05-P-0350 Report No.(s): AD-A454183; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454183; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Fabrication and Characterization of Electrical Field were investigated to develop induced Resistive Sensor at the end of Scanning Probe Tip. The measurement and visual observation of doping profile were performed on Kelvin Prove Force Microscopy (KPFM) & Scanning Nonlinear Dielectric Microscopy (SNDM). NiO Film was fabricated and characterized for Memory Switching applications. Last, effects of Surface Treatment on Work Function & in-plane conductivity of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) Thin Films were also investigated. DTIC Electric Fields; Electrical Resistivity; Fabrication; Microscopes; Microscopy; Nanotechnology; Scanners 133

20060049334 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA A Theory of Radiation Effects in Cellular Devices Weaver, B D; Aug 14, 2006; 17 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454240; NRL/MR/6810--06-8980; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454240; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A theory is presented on radiation effects in ‘cellular’ devices comprised of small particles such as nanocrystals or quantum dots. The theory explains the surprising discovery that the photoluminscence of quantum dot devices can be significantly more radiation-tolerant than bulk or quantum well-based diodes. DTIC Quantum Dots; Radiation Effects

20060049379 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Total Ownership Cost Reduction Case Study: AEGIS Microwave Power Tubes Apte, Aruna U; Dutkowski, Eugene; May 31, 2006; 45 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454340; NPS-GSBPP-06-010; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454340; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The goal of this research is to provide a descriptive case study that will chronicle the operational and engineering processes that were used to reduce the total ownership cost for the AEGIS Shipbuilding Project while dramatically improving the mean time before failure. The processes used to achieve these results are important to understand in light of current reduction in various resources in different programs. In particular, this case highlights the role that Naval Warfare Centers can and do play in the acquisition process. DTIC Cost Reduction; Microwave Tubes

20060049391 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) Banks, H T; Cole, D G; Furati, K M; Ito, K; Pinter, G A; Jul 24, 2001; 20 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0026 Report No.(s): AD-A454357; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454357; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) In this paper, the authors discuss the sound absorption property of arrays of micro-acoustic actuators at a control surface. They use the wave equation over the half plane for the velocity potential with a boundary dissipation by a proportional pressure feedback law along the half plane boundary. The feedback gain over the array is described by a distributed shape function. They develop a computational method based on the Fourier transform and employ it to analyze and evaluate the decay rate of acoustic energy. Specifically, they carry out computations for a diffusive random initial field and report on the resulting numerical findings. DTIC Absorptivity; Acoustic Attenuation; Acoustic Measurement; Arrays; Sound Fields; Sound Waves; Wave Equations

20060049397 Naval Observatory, Washington, DC USA A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer Brown, Alison; Silva, Randy; Powers, Ed; Jan 2000; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454373; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454373; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In this paper, the Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase time transfer technique is described and a discussion is included on the error components that currently limit the time-transfer accuracy using this method. Previous testing with conventional GPS receivers has shown that carrier phase instabilities can cause offsets on the order of 1-2 nanoseconds. This error source currently dominates the error budget when performing carrier-phase time transfer. NAVSYS’ High-gain Advanced GPS Receiver (HAGR) was originally developed to allow phase coherent measurements to be made from multiple antenna elements to enable digital beam forming to be performed. This same design, however, also provides a highly phase stable observation of the GPS carrier, relative to a local reference oscillator, that enables precise time observations to be made for 134

carrier-phase time transfer. The design of this receiver is described in this paper. Test results are included to show the carrier-phase time transfer accuracy. DTIC Antenna Components; Errors; Global Positioning System; High Gain; Radio Receivers; Radio Transmission; Receivers; Sensitivity 20060049398 Naval Observatory, Washington, DC USA Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer Brown, Alison; Gerein, Neil; Powers, Ed; Sep 2004; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454374; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454374; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The development of time transfer techniques using Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase observations promises the capability to deliver sub-nanosecond time transfer capabilities. NAVSYS’ High-gain Advanced GPS Receiver (HAGR) has been designed to enhance the accuracy of the GPS observations by using digital beam-steering from an antenna array. This provides over 10 dB of additional signal gain on each satellite tracked, which improves the accuracy of both the code and carrier tracking loops, simplifying integer ambiguity resolution for carrier-phase time transfer. This same design provides a highly phase stable observation of the GPS carrier, relative to a local reference oscillator, that enables precise time observations to be made for carrier-phase time transfer. In this paper, the design of NAVSYS’ P(Y) L1/L2 Code HAGR, developed for precise time transfer applications, is described. Test results are included to show the accuracy of the code and carrier phase observations. DTIC Accuracy; Antenna Arrays; Beams (Radiation); Global Positioning System; High Gain; Multipath Transmission; Radio Receivers; Radio Transmission; Receivers; Steering 20060049416 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA A Simple Data Logging System for Ballistic Applications Kottke, Thomas; Jul 2006; 70 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-AH80 Report No.(s): AD-A454436; ARL-TR-3853; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454436; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) An economical and robust data logger is presented that is well suited to ballistic environments. This ballistic data recorder acquires two channels of analog data over a 0- to 5-V range, with acquisition times as short as 2.3 microns and record lengths as large as 0.5 MB per channel. The microcontroller-based architecture allows many data acquisition parameters such as rate, mode, triggering method, and record length to be selected and varied by the user. Onboard batteries and charging circuitry further enhance the data logger’s applicability and flexibility. Complete details of the ballistic data logger’s hardware and software are presented in this report. A description of the hardware begins with a broad overview of the ballistic data logger’s capabilities and method of operation and increases in complexity to provide complete electronic schematics, fabrication methods, and component procurement information. A complete listing of data logger software is provided with extensive documentation. The ballistic data logger’s performance is verified with an example of acquired data. DTIC Ballistics; Data Processing Equipment; Data Systems 20060049456 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflectance Dietz, N; Woods, V; Ito, K; Lauko, I; Jan 1999; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-95-1-0447 Report No.(s): AD-A454511; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454511; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The engineering of advanced optoelectronic integrated circuits implies the stringent control of thickness and composition. These demands led to the development of surface-sensitive real-time optical sensors that are able to move the control point close to the point where the growth occurs- which in a chemical beam epitaxy process is the surface reaction layer (SRL) built up of physisorbed and chemisorbed precursor fragments between the ambient and film interface. In this contents we explored the application of p-polarized reflectance spectroscopy (PRS) for real-time monitoring and control of pulsed chemical beam 135

epitaxy (PCBE) during low temperature growth of epitaxial Ga(1-x)InxP heterostructures on Si(001) substrates. A reduced order surfuce kinetics (ROSK) model has been developed to describe the decomposition and growth kinetics of the involved organon%etallic precursors and their incorporation in the film deposition. We den%onstrate the linkage of the PRS response towards surfuce reaction chemistry composition film growth rate and film properties. Mathematical control algorithms are applied that link the PR signals to the growth process control parameters to control composition and growth rate of epitaxial Ga(1-x)InxP heterostructures. DTIC Electro-Optics; Molecular Beam Epitaxy; Optical Control; Real Time Operation; Reflectance

20060049570 Air Force Research Lab., Rome, NY USA Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators Brost, George A; Michalak, Richard; Payson, Paul; Magde, Kevin; Feb 1, 2006; 4 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-LINKI Report No.(s): AD-A454485; AFRL-SN-RS-TP-2006-12; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Numerical simulations were used to study the effect of electrode loss on the two-tone spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) of analog photonic links with linearized directional coupler modulators. Radio-frequency loss in the traveling wave electrode significantly limits the frequency bandwidth over which this class of electrooptic modulator can effectively enhance the SFDR. DTIC Computerized Simulation; Couplers; Dynamic Range; Electrodes; Electro-Optics; Frequency Modulation; Losses; Modulation; Modulators; Optoelectronic Devices; Transmission Loss

20060049596 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bundling and Filtration in Large-Scale Distributed Simulations Sanchez, Roberto C; Jun 13, 2006; 76 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454610; AFIT/GCE/ENG/06-06; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy Research has shown that bandwidth can be a limiting factor in the performance of distributed simulations. The Air Force’s Distributed Mission Operations Center (DMOC) periodically hosts one of the largest distributed simulation events in the world. The engineers at the DMOC have dealt with the difficult problem of limited bandwidth by implementing application level filters that process all DIS PDUs between the various networks connected to the exercise. This thesis examines their implemented filter and proposes: adaptive range-based filtering and bundling together of PDUs. The goals are to reduce the number of PDUs passed by the adaptive filter and to reduce network overhead and the total amount of data transferred by maximizing packet size up to the MTU. The proposed changes were implemented and logged data from previous events were used on a test network in order to measure the improvement from the base filter to the improved filter. The results showed that the adaptive range based filter was effective, though minimally so, and that the PDU bundling resulted in a reduction of 17% to 20% of the total traffic transmitted across the network. DTIC Adaptive Filters; Bandwidth; Filtration; Networks; Simulation; Traffıc

20060049607 Air Force Research Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA USA Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors and its Implications Anwar, A F; Webster, Richard T; Smith, Kurt V; May 19, 2006; 4 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): LRIR; 92SN04COR; Proj-2305 Report No.(s): AD-A454625; AFRL-SN-HS-JA-2005-0016; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy We report gate bias dependence of the charge due to piezoelectric polarization obtained by using a fully coupled formulation based upon the piezoelectric constitutive equations for stress and electric displacement. This formulation is significant because it fully accounts for electromechanical coupling under the constraint of global charge control. The coupled formulation results in lower charge due to piezoelectric polarization as compared to the uncoupled formulation for a given Al mole fraction. With increasing two dimensional electron gas concentration, that is, for gate biases greater than threshold, the compressive strain along the c axis in the barrier AlGaN layer increases with a concomitant increase of in-plane stress. Current collapse is correlated to the increase in source and drain resistances through their dependence upon surface charge. An 136

alternate explanation of current collapse using local charge neutrality is also presented. DTIC Bias; Electromechanical Devices; Field Effect Transistors; Gallium Nitrides; Heterojunctions 20060049626 Institute for Human Factors TNO, Soesterberg, Netherlands A Microphone-Array-Based System for Restoring Sound Localization with Occluded Ears Bronkhorst, Adelbert W; Verhave, Jan A; Apr 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N62558-02-M-6380 Report No.(s): AD-A454659; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Microphones; Sound Localization 20060049629 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Measurement of the Propagation Constant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Array (Preprint) Janning, Dan S; May 2006; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-7622 Report No.(s): AD-A454662; AFRL-SN-WP-TP-2006-117; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy A technique is proposed to measure the propagation constant of surface waves on a periodic dipole array using a waveguide simulator. Due to the slow wave characteristic of surface waves, it is necessary to present an evanescent waveguide mode to the plane containing the elements. Two techniques for sensing the element currents are outlined. DTIC Antenna Arrays; Dipole Antennas; Electromagnetic Wave Transmission; Log Periodic Antennas; Measurement; Simulators; Surface Waves; Wave Propagation; Waveguides 20060049636 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA An Algorithm for the Accurate Localization of Sounds MacDonald, Justin A; Apr 1, 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454675; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Algorithms; Computer Techniques; Ear; Microphones; Position (Location); Sound Generators 20060049715 SRI International Corp., Menlo Park, CA USA Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology Targeting Efficient Reasoning Uribe, Tomas; Lieber, Charles; Jul 2006; 65 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-05-C-0011; DARPA ORDER-S822; Proj-T568 Report No.(s): AD-A454811; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The objective of this effort was to investigate novel computer architectures to support machine learning, based on reconfigurable hardware and nanowire growth. The scope of this effort was to bring revolutionary architectural ideas together with application drivers that embody cognitive processing dimensions such as machine learning, large knowledge bases, information security and integrity, real-world reasoning, sensor integration and real time embedded systems. Conventional processing architectures are ill-suited to processing the large, sparse, graph data structures necessary to efficiently represent cognitive information and computations. Today’s silicon hardware can support a large number of parallel operations and high bandwidth and low latency from small, distributed memories. However, traditional von Neumann architectures employ a single-memory, single-instruction stream model that prevents them from fully exploiting the hardware capabilities. This mismatch presents an opportunity to design new hardware architectures that will provide substantially better performance on graph-intensive information processing tasks, which can perform parallel operations over large data structures. To support these tasks while exploiting the silicon, the MATTER architecture described in this report distributes the data structure over a large number of small, fast memories, and associates active logic with each fragment so that it can perform the necessary operations on its local data. In addition this report describes the exploration into nanowire technology, focusing on the growth of new connections. This is a unique capability of nanowire implementations, which could provide a mechanism for adaptation over time. DTIC Field-Programmable Gate Arrays; Nanotechnology; Nanowires; Parallel Processing (Computers); Reconfigurable Hardware 137

20060049716 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit Synthesis and Testing Hayes, John P; Markov, Igor L; Jun 2006; 61 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-01-2-0520; Proj-L486 Report No.(s): AD-A454812; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The overall objective of this project was to investigate quantum study computing concepts in an integrated way and apply design automation techniques, such as synthesis, simulation and testing, to quantum logic circuits via mathematical and algorithmic models implemented in software. The research considered the interplay between conventional and quantum logic design, aiming at a deeper understanding of both areas and provided extensive computational experimentation at scales uncommon in quantum computing research. The project s main accomplishments DTIC Circuits; Electronic Equipment Tests; Logic Circuits; Mathematical Models 20060049762 General Atomics Co., San Diego, CA USA High Energy Density Cryogenic Capacitors Jul 7, 2006; 127 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-04-C-0297; Proj-30228 Report No.(s): AD-A454866; GA-C25413; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy This is the final report for the High Energy Density Cryogenic Capacitor (HEDCC) program awarded to General Atomics (GA) as prime contractor with GA Electronic Systems Division (GA-ESI) and MTECH Laboratories, as major subcontractors, under the Offices of Naval Research (DARPA) CPFF contract: N00014-04-C-0297. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is also a team member but funded separately by ONR. The HEDCC program is a two Phase project with just Phase I being funded to develop a 1 kJ cryogenic capacitor. Phase 2 when funded will support the development of a 100 kJ cryogenic capacitor. DTIC Capacitors; Cryogenics; Flux Density 20060050026 Karlova Univ., Prague, Czechoslovakia Growth and Characterization of Large Diameter CdNzTe Crystals Hoeschl, Pavel; May 2006; 27 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N62558-05-P-0248 Report No.(s): AD-A454504; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454504; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The report summarizes the activities during the whole contract period. Parts of the results were presented in Progress Reports No. 1 and 2 and will not be repeated in detail. The goal of the effort was aimed to test the middle-pressure setup after completion and modification. Several boules were grown, wafers with dimensions 10x10 sq mm were fabricated and delivered to NVESD. New wafers with dimensions 10x10 sq mm and 20x20 sq mm are delivered in parallel to this report. As was reported in Progress Report No. 2 additional annealing approach has been developed in order to decrease the size of inclusions to the size acceptable for MBE growth for cases, where inclusion formation was not suppressed during the growth. The main goal was to look for such annealing conditions, when inclusion size and density is decreased and the crystal microstructure is not damaged during the annealing process. A future outlook based on the results of a longer-term effort in CZT growth and substrate fabrication in the Institute of Physics, Charles University in Prague is presented. DTIC Crystals; Microstructure; Molecular Beam Epitaxy; Substrates 20060050027 Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany Ab-Initio Calculations of Structure and Properties of Nanolaminated MAX Phases Schneider, Jochen M; Jan 27, 2006; 4 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-05-1-3009 Report No.(s): AD-A454566; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454566; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy This report results from a contract tasking RWTH Aachen as follows: A new class of machinable ceramic materials had recently received attention due a unique combination of hardness, toughness, machinability, and oxidation stability. These 138

materials are called MAX phases, where M designates a transition metal, A is mostly a IIIA or IVA element of periodic table, and X stands for C or/and N. MAX phases have a unique nanolaminated atom arrangement, which leads to a low shear modulus - a property critical for low friction materials. However, MAX phases for tribology have not yet been explored systematically. Most research has been done on the machinable Ti3SiC2 system. However, the list of theoretically possible MAX phases is extensive. Practically, it is resource intensive to synthesize every thinkable MAX phase searching for a material exhibiting advantageous tribological properties. A superior strategy is to calculate bonding, structure, and properties of possible MAX phase compounds and then selectively dedicate a synthesis effort to the phase with the best combination of properties. This project is based on state of the art (1998 Nobel Prize in chemistry) density functional theory calculation algorithms to build up models of MAX phases and provide predictions of their phase stability and expected properties. It is envisioned to systematically explore nanolaminated phases with the M2AlC formula to address the influence of the M elements (Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, La, Hf, Ta, W) on bonding strength, electronic structure, and shear modulus. Our aim is to contribute towards the development of novel tribological materials. We propose to study the relationship between the valence electron configuration of M = Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, La, Hf, Ta, and W in M2AlC and the shear modulus of this fascinating new class of nanolaminated materials. DTIC Ceramics; Transition Metals; Tribology 20060050043 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA Carbon Nanotube Interconnect Li, Jun, Inventor; Meyyappan, Meyya, Inventor; August 22, 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 11 Mar. 2003; US-Patent-7,094,679; US-Patent-Appl-SN-390254; NASA-Case-ARC-15042-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050043; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Method and system for fabricating an electrical interconnect capable of supporting very high current densities ( 10(exp 6)-10(exp 10) Amps/sq cm), using an array of one or more carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The CNT array is grown in a selected spaced apart pattern, preferably with multi-wall CNTs, and a selected insulating material, such as SiOw, or SiuNv is deposited using CVD to encapsulate each CNT in the array. An exposed surface of the insulating material is planarized to provide one or more exposed electrical contacts for one or more CNTs. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Fabrication; Carbon Nanotubes; Current Density; High Current; Encapsulating 20060050045 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Series Connected Buck-Boost Regulator Birchenough, Arthur G., Inventor; May 09, 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 28 Jul. 2003; US-Patent-7,042,199; US-Patent-Appl-SN-629875; NASA-Case-LEW-17,353-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050045; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A Series Connected Buck-Boost Regulator (SCBBR) that switches only a fraction of the input power, resulting in relatively high efficiencies. The SCBBR has multiple operating modes including a buck, a boost, and a current limiting mode, so that an output voltage of the SCBBR ranges from below the source voltage to above the source voltage. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Regulators; Electric Potential; Switches; Effıciency 20060050049 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Magnetic Field Response Sensor For Conductive Media Woddard, Stanley E., Inventor; Taylor, Bryant D., Inventor; July 11, 2006; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 30 Apr. 2004; US-Patent-7,075,295; US-Patent-Appl-SN-839448; US-Patent-Appl-SN-467841; NASA-Case-LAR-16571-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050049; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy A magnetic field response sensor comprises an inductor placed at a fixed separation distance from a conductive surface to address the low RF transmissivity of conductive surfaces. The minimum distance for separation is determined by the sensor response. The inductor should be separated from the conductive surface so that the response amplitude exceeds noise level by a recommended 10 dB. An embodiment for closed cavity measurements comprises a capacitor internal to said cavity and 139

an inductor mounted external to the cavity and at a fixed distance from the cavity s wall. An additional embodiment includes a closed cavity configuration wherein multiple sensors and corresponding antenna are positioned inside the cavity, with the antenna and inductors maintained at a fixed distance from the cavity s wall. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Magnetic Fields; Inductors; Transmissivity; Radio Frequencies; Capacitors

20060050055 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Self-activating System and Method for Alerting When an Object or a Person is Left Unattended Edwards, William C., Inventor; Mack, Terry L., Inventor; Modlin, Edward A., Inventor; September 12, 2006; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 20 Feb. 2004; US-Patent-7,106,203; US-Patent-Appl-SN-783486; NASA-Case-LAR-16324-2; US-Patent-Appl-SN-011229; US-Patent-Appl-SN-6714132; US-Patent-Appl-SN-329692; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050055; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A system and method use a wireless tether comprising a transmitter and a receiver to alert a caregiver that an object has been left unattended. A detector senses the presence of the object, usually a child, located in a position such as a safety seat. The detector is operatively coupled to the transmitter. which is located near the object. The transmitter transmits at least one wireless signal when the object is in the position. The receiver, which is remotely located from the transmitter, senses at least one signal as long as the receiver is within a prescribed range of transmission. By performing a timing function, the receiver monitors the proximity of the caregiver, who maintains possession of the receiver, to the transmitter. The system communicates an alarm to the caregiver when the caregiver ventures outside the range of transmission without having removed the object from the position. Author Warning Systems; Transmitter Receivers; Sensory Perception; Tethering; Timing Devices

20060050108 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System Woodard, Stanley E., Inventor; Taylor, Bryant D., Inventor; Shams, Qamar A., Inventor; Fox, Robert L., Inventor; Fox, Christopher L., Inventor; Fox, Melanie L., Inventor; Bryant, Robert G., Inventor; August 08, 2006; 53 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 30 Apr. 2004; US-Patent-7,086,593; US-Patent-Appl-SN-839445; NASA-CASE-LAR-16908-1; US-Patent-Appl-SN-467194; US-Patent-Appl-SN-467112; US-Patent-Appl-SN-467841; US-Patent-Appl-SN-467842; US-Patent-Appl-SN-467839; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050108; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Magnetic field response sensors designed as passive inductor-capacitor circuits produce magnetic field responses whose harmonic frequencies correspond to states of physical properties for which the sensors measure. Power to the sensing element is acquired using Faraday induction. A radio frequency antenna produces the time varying magnetic field used for powering the sensor, as well as receiving the magnetic field response of the sensor. An interrogation architecture for discerning changes in sensor s response kequency, resistance and amplitude is integral to the method thus enabling a variety of measurements. Multiple sensors can be interrogated using this method, thus eliminating the need to have a data acquisition channel dedicated to each sensor. The method does not require the sensors to be in proximity to any form of acquisition hardware. A vast array of sensors can be used as interchangeable parts in an overall sensing system. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Data Acquisition; Magnetic Fields; Sensors; Electrical Engineering

20060050142 Spellman High Voltage Electronics Corp., Hauppauge, NY, USA 100kW Energy Transfer Multiplexer Power Converter Prototype Development Project Mar. 21, 2006; 180 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881570; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) There were two setups used for the Energy Transfer Multiplexer (EMT) Converter prototype. The first was a low power facsimile of the ETM converter power train for the debug and testing of the Control Board assembly. The second was the test lab setup used to observe the parametric and functional performance of the prototype ETM Converter. This two pronged test 140

approach was used to decouple the programming and debug of the Control Board from the Power Train of the prototype so as to avoid damaging the expensive IGBTs and power resonant elements. NTIS Energy Transfer; Multiplexing; Power Converters; Prototypes 20060050169 Army Research Lab., Adelphi, MD USA Super Gate Turn-Off Thyristor Griffin, Timothy E; Aug 2006; 15 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454889; ARL-TR-3884; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A Super Gate Turn-Off Thyristor (SGTO) of silicon is intended for pulse applications. Its operation is discussed. and the device was turned off at low continuous current. From a review of GTO turn-off gate drivers. we discuss gate drivers for the modest continuous currents of the SGTO. DTIC Thyristors; Gates (Circuits) 34 FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS Includes fluid dynamics and kinematics and all forms of heat transfer; boundary layer flow; hydrodynamics; hydraulics; fluidics; mass transfer and ablation cooling. For related information see also 02 Aerodynamics.

20060048241 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen Flachbart, R. H.; Hastings, L. J.; Hedayat, A.; Nelson, S.; Tucker, S.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; AIAA Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit 2006, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only In support of the development of a zero gravity pressure control capability for liquid hydrogen, testing was conducted at the Marshall Space Flight Center using the Multipurpose Hydrogen Test Bed (MHTB) to evaluate the effects of helium pressurant on the performance of a spray bar thermodynamic vent system (TVS). Fourteen days of testing was performed in August - September 2005, with an ambient heat leak of about 70-80 watts and tank fill levels of 90%, 50%, and 25%. The TVS successfully controlled the tank pressure within a +/- 3.45 kPa (+/- 0.5 psi) band with various helium concentration levels in the ullage. Relative to pressure control with an ‘all hydrogen’ ullage, the helium presence resulted in 10 to 30 per cent longer pressure reduction durations, depending on the fill level, during the mixing/venting phase of the control cycle. Additionally, the automated control cycle was based on mixing alone for pressure reduction until the pressure versus time slope became positive, at which time the Joule-Thomson vent was opened. Testing was also conducted to evaluate thermodynamic venting without the mixer operating, first with liquid then with vapor at the recirculation line inlet. Although ullage stratification was present, the ullage pressure was successfully controlled without the mixer operating. Thus, if vapor surrounded the pump inlet in a reduced gravity situation, the ullage pressure can still be controlled by venting through the TVS Joule Thomson valve and heat exchanger. It was evident that the spray bar configuration, which extends almost the entire length of the tank, enabled significant thermal energy removal from the ullage even without the mixer operating. Details regarding the test setup and procedures are presented in the paper. Author Liquid Hydrogen; Pressure Regulators; Phase Control; Thermal Energy; Controllability; Heat Exchangers; Microgravity; Test Stands 20060048656 National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USA Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity Delichatsios, Michael A; Altenkirch, Robert A; Bundy, Matthew F; Bhattacharjee, Subrata; Tang, Lin; Sacksteder, Kurt; Aug 4, 2000; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453277; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453277; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Semianalytical expressions are developed for creeping flame spread parallel to a fuel cylinder axis so that spread rates measured or predicted for flat surfaces over the same material can be directly used for cylindrical surfaces. Two phenomena are identified that cause an increased flame spread rate in the cylindrical over the flat surface geometry: (1) increased heat transfer from the gas phase and (2) faster temperature increase of the solid phase. Analytical expressions from approximate 141

solution to a conserved scalar equation are developed for the flame spread rate by simplifying the flowfield using an Oseen approximation for the opposing flow. DTIC Creep Properties; Cylindrical Bodies; Flame Propagation; Heat Transfer; Microgravity 20060048721 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid Payload: The Candlestick Problem and Porous Media Cooper, Gene R; Jul 2006; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-622618.H8099 Report No.(s): AD-A453380; ARL-TR-3837; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453380; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Moments that are caused by a payload assumed to be an inviscid liquid flowing in a coning projectile are predicted. This payload is contained in a uniform sequence of end-to-end cylinders stacked in columns along and off the symmetry axis of the projectile. A theoretical model is used to analyze inertial waves passing through the liquid, which are generated by the coning motion. This analysis continues by considering a single column along the projectile symmetry axis, which is filled with an inviscid fluid saturating porous media. Eigen frequencies and their impact on liquid moments are discussed concerning the flight stability of the projectile for a wide range of payload configurations and porosities when the projectile is subjected to various coning frequencies. DTIC Conical Bodies; Liquid Filled Shells; Payloads; Porosity; Projectiles 20060048755 Duke Univ., Durham, NC USA Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turbomachinery Airfoils Kielb, Robert E; Hall, Kenneth C; Spiker, Meredith; Thomas, Jeffrey P; Pratt, Jr , Edmund T; Jeffries, Rhett; Mar 2006; 75 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-03-1-0204 Report No.(s): AD-A453505; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453505; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The goal of this research was to develop a fast computational method to be able to understand non-synchronous vibrations in turbomachinery blades in the design stage. The numerical approach involved the use of a two- and three-dimensional nonlinear Navier- Stokes unsteady harmonic balance method. As an initial demonstration of the method, the flow over a cylinder and a two dimensional airfoil, the 2D C1 case, were investigated and results showed good agreement. For the 3D C1 case and a running tip clearance of 0.020 in., two irrational frequencies were present in the solution so the current HB method could not be used. DTIC Airfoils; Turbomachinery; Vibration 20060048764 Army Natick Soldier Center, Natick, MA USA Using SolidWorks & CFD to Create the Next Generation Airlocks Gaffney, Matthew; Nov 19, 2003; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453550; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453550; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy These briefing charts discuss SolidWorks and CFD benefits, airlock effort abstract, mobile platform airlock background, airlock redesign, airlocak redesign comparison, fixed-site airlock overview, MILVAN Airlocks, MILVAN Airlock benefits, etc. DTIC Air Locks; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Design Analysis 20060048943 Geological Survey, Reston, VA USA Simulation of Selected Ground-Water Pumping Scenarios at Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia Cherry, Gregory S; May 16, 2006; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453724; USGS-OFR-2006-1148; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A regional MODFLOW ground-water flow model of parts of coastal Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina was used to evaluate the effects of current and hypothetical groundwater withdrawal, and the relative effects of pumping in specific areas 142

on ground-water flow in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield (HAAF), coastal Georgia. Simulation results for four steady-state pumping scenarios were compared to each other and to a Base Case condition. The Base Case represents year 2000 pumping rates throughout the model area, with the exception that permitted annual average pumping rates for the year 2005 were used for 26 production wells at Fort Stewart and HAAF. The four pumping scenarios focused on pumping increases at HAAF resulting from projected future demands and additional personnel stationed at the facility and on reductions in pumping at Fort Stewart. Scenarios A and B simulate 1- and 2-million-gallon-per day (Mgal/d) increases, respectively, at HAAF. Simulated water-level change maps for these scenarios indicate an area of influence that extends into parts of Bryan, Bulloch, Chatham, Effingham, and Liberty Counties, Ga., and Beaufort and Jasper Counties, S.C., with maximum drawdowns from 0.5 to 4 feet (ft) for scenario A and 1 to 8 ft for Scenario B. For scenarios C and D, increases in pumping at HAAF were offset by decreases in pumping at Fort Stewart. Scenario C represents a 1-Mgal/d increase at HAAF and a 1-Mgal/d decrease at Fort Stewart; simulated water-level changes range from 0.4 to 4 ft. Scenario D represents a 2-Mgal/d increase at HAAF and 2-Mgal/d decrease at Fort Stewart; simulated water-level changes range from 0.04 to 8 ft. The simulated water-level changes indicate an area of influence that extends into parts of Bryan, Bulloch, Chatham, Effingham, Liberty, and McIntosh Counties, Ga., and Jasper and Beaufort Counties, S.C. DTIC Ground Water; Military Air Facilities; Simulation; Water Flow 20060049150 Lockheed Martin Space Systems Co., Denver, CO, USA Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management Sakla, Steven; Kutter, Bernard; Wall, John; September 2006; 13 pp.; In English; 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNC05QA89P; WBS 492994.05.01.01.03.02 Report No.(s): NASA/CR-2006-214410; AIAA Paper 2006-4603; E-15689; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049150; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Future missions such as NASA s space exploration vision and DOD satellite servicing will require significant increases in the understanding and knowledge of space based cryogenic fluid management (CFM), including the transfer and storage of cryogenic fluids. Existing CFM capabilities are based on flight of upper stage cryogenic vehicles, scientific dewars, a few dedicated flight demonstrations and ground testing. This current capability is inadequate to support development of the CEV cryogenic propulsion system, other aspects of robust space exploration or the refueling of satellite cryo propulsion systems with reasonable risk. In addition, these technologies can provide significant performance increases for missions beyond low-earth orbit to enable manned missions to the Moon and beyond. The Centaur upper-stage vehicle can provide a low cost test platform for performing numerous flight demonstrations of the full breadth of required CFM technologies to support CEV development. These flight demonstrations can be performed as secondary mission objectives using excess LH2 and/or LO2 from the main vehicle propellant tanks following primary spacecraft separation at minimal cost and risk. Author Centaur Launch Vehicle; Cryogenics; Cryogenic Fluids; Fluid Management; Space Exploration; Liquid Hydrogen 20060049226 Army Research Lab., White Sands Missile Range, NM USA White Sands Missile Range Urban Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single Building Part 1: Background and Overview Vaucher, Gail; Jul 2006; 50 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453947; ARL-TR-3851-PT-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453947; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) serves the Army Soldier by providing research tools and resources. The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), an area which begins at the surface and extends vertically to 1-2 km above ground level, is one of the ARL research areas. The lowest 10% of the ABL (a.k.a., surface layer) is the primary work environment for an Army Soldier. Characterizing this atmospheric surface layer was the focus of five field studies conducted between fiscal years 2001 2005 at White Sands Missile Range, NM. This report summarizes the surface layer research beginning with the rural environment studies and progressing into the subsequent urban setting. Appendices provide outlines and templates for conducting field research based on these successful field research studies. While this report provides an overview of these scientific investigations, it also serves as foundational material for reports documenting the Surface Layer and Urban Study research results in greater detail. DTIC Buildings; Flow; Flow Stability; Missile Ranges; Stability 143

20060049246 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Characterizing a Co-Flow Nozzle for use in a Filtered Rayleigh Scattering System Miceli, David S; Jun 2006; 138 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453980; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453980; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy Research was conducted on the flow field exiting a co-annular flow nozzle for use in filtered Rayleigh scattering flow visualizations. More specifically, the flow visualizations were of the flow field exiting a coflow nozzle and illuminated by a tunable, nominal 4.2 watt narrow line width Argon laser operating at 514.5nm. ND:YAG lasers are typically used in this application, but some of the properties of a tunable Argon laser make it an attractive alternative. Before generating flow visualizations, the coflow nozzle was characterized both experimentally and computationally. Due to a flow asymmetry in the outer annulus flow field, the nozzle was redesigned using a commercially available computational fluid dynamics program (Fluent) to produce a more homogeneous exit plane velocity profile. The redesigned nozzle was built and experimentally tested through the use of a three dimensional traverse controlled Pitot probe resulting in good relationship between the computational and experimental results. The sharp cutoff molecular iodine filters used to reduce the incident frequency light were tested and the locations of their iodine absorption transitions were determined. Finally, the argon laser was used to produce flow visualizations at both 100 Hz and 1 kHz frame rates. DTIC Argon Lasers; Flow Distribution; Flow Visualization; Rayleigh Scattering

20060049301 CH2M/Hill, Inc., Kaiserslautern, Germany Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal Schaller, Joerg; Feb 2005; 216 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-03-D-8595; Proj-MNQA-02-6009 Report No.(s): AD-A454120; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454120; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Includes discussion of geology, hydrogeology, contaminants, and groundwater flow directions at Lajes Air Base located in the Azores Islands of Portugal. DTIC Azores; Ground Water; Hydrogeology; Islands; Portugal

20060049308 Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, CA USA Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mating Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Eutizzi, Nick F; Aug 1988; 17 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454144; NSRP-0298; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454144; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A pressure chamber was designed and manufactured in two parts which were clamped together at their flanges using a clamping ring and an ‘0’ ring seal was used for sealing he gap between the mating surfaces. The clamping ring held the two flanges together while the chamber was pressurized with mixed gas. DTIC Bonding; Manufacturing; Marine Technology; Sealing; Ships

20060049420 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Through Nonaxisymmetric Hoppers Gremaud, Pierre A; Matthews, John V; Schaeffer, David G; Jan 2002; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-99-1-0188; NSF-DMS98-18900 Report No.(s): AD-A454443; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454443; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) See report. DTIC Granular Materials; Hoppers; Materials Handling; Secondary Flow 144

20060049421 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Efficient Steady-State Solution Techniques for Variably Saturated Groundwater Flow Farthing, Matthew W; Kees, Christopher E; Coffey, Todd S; Kelley, C T; Miller, Cass T; Oct 30, 2002; 48 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-02-1-0391; NSF-DMS00-70641 Report No.(s): AD-A454444; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454444; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Ground Water; Hydrology; Steady State

20060049457 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Magnetorheological Fluids Ly, H V; Reitich, F; Jolly, M R; Banks, H T; Ito, Kazi; Feb 3, 1999; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-95-1-0113; F49620-95-1-0236 Report No.(s): AD-A454512; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454512; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy See report. DTIC Magnetorheological Fluids; Simulation

20060049580 Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module for Rocket Engine and Propulsion System Simulations Campell, Bryan T; Davis, Roger L; Jun 14, 2006; 12 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA9300-04-C-0008; Proj-5026 Report No.(s): AD-A454586; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A new quasi-two-dimensional procedure is presented for the transient solution of real-fluid flows in lines and volumes including heat transfer effects. The solver is targeted to the commercial dynamic simulation software package Simulink(Registered) for integration into a larger suite of modules developed for simulating rocket engines and propulsion systems. A Fortran95 code using more conventional solution procedures is being developed in parallel to provide verification test cases. The solution procedure for both codes is coupled with a state-of-the-art real-fluids property database so that both compressible and incompressible fluids may be considered using the same procedure. The numerical techniques used in this procedure are described. Test cases modeling transient flow of nitrogen, water, and hydrogen are presented to demonstrate the capability of the current technique. DTIC Fluid Flow; FORTRAN; Propulsion; Rocket Engines; Simulation; Unsteady Flow

20060049581 Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Augmented Rocket Nozzle Davis, Roger L; Bulman, Melvin J; Yam, Clement; May 30, 2006; 11 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F04611-02-C-0001 Report No.(s): AD-A454590; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Numerical results are presented from a reacting-flow Navier-Stokes simulation of a rocket nozzle in which fuel is injected downstream of the nozzle throat for the purposes of augmenting the thrust. The numerical results are compared with experimental data in terms of overall thrust and specific impulse as well as pressure distribution along the nozzle wall. The flow physics associated with the thrust augmentation is also described. The investigation shows that propellant injection downstream of the throat is a viable method for augmenting rocket thrust. In addition, the augmented thrust levels increase with increasing levels of injected mass flow. Finally, the investigation shows that the numerical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results. DTIC Navier-Stokes Equation; Numerical Analysis; Rocket Engines; Rocket Nozzles; Thrust Augmentation 145

20060049692 ERC International, Inc., San Diego, CA USA Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows Gimelsheim, N; Duncan, J; Lilly, T; Gimelshein, S; Ketsdever, A; Wysong, I; Jun 12, 2006; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2308 Report No.(s): AD-A454769; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Rarefied helium and nitrogen flow expanding into vacuum through 150 micrometers high and 1.5 cm long channels is studied experimentally and numerically with the DSMC method. Different types of channel walls are examined, both polished and rough with well characterized roughness shaped as triangles and rectangles. The pressure varies from 200 to 13,000 Pa, with the gas mean free path being both much larger and much smaller than the roughness size of about 20 micrometers. A conical surface roughness model applicable for the DSMC method is proposed. An expression relating this model to the Cercignani-Lampis scattering model is derived. Good agreement between the numerical and experimental results is observed for the rough walled channel. DTIC Channel Flow; Flow Velocity; Low Reynolds Number; Rarefied Gases; Reynolds Number; Surface Roughness; Surface Roughness Effects 20060049694 Pittsburgh Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames Givi, P; Sheikhi, M R; Drozda, T G; Madnia, C K; Aug 27, 2005; 46 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-03-1-0022; Proj-2308 Report No.(s): AD-A454777; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This research was primarily concentrated on the following issues: (1) development of the joint velocity-scalar filtered density function for subgrid scale (SGS) closure of turbulent combustion; and (2) implementation of the scalar filtered density function for large eddy simulation of complex turbulent flames. An extensive systematic study was performed and resulted in significant new findings. With regard to (1), a modelled transport equation was developed and solved for the joint density function. The predicted results via this model were more accurate than other existing SGS models. With regard to (2), the model was employed for prediction of a piloted jet diffusion flame and a bluff-body stabilized flame. The predicted results compared very well with experimental data. DTIC Combustion; Diffusion Flames; Flames; Large Eddy Simulation; Turbulence; Turbulent Combustion; Turbulent Diffusion 20060049761 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study Liaw, Der-Cherng; Adomaitis, Raymond A; Abed, Eyad H; Mar 1991; 16 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0015; NSF-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454865; SRC-TR-91-32; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper presents the analysis of the dynamics of a representative axial flow compressor model emphasizing the influence of two important control parameters. These are a nondimensional parameter B (previously introduced by Greitzer (1976) as a primary determinant of post-stall behavior) and the setting of the throttle line. Greitzer’s lumped-parameter model is employed in this study, with a specific choice of compressor and throttle characteristics. Our analysis shows the presence of a rich variety of global as well as local bifurcations as the two control parameters are varied. The analysis leads to a characterization of compressor operation into three major zones: the stalled zone the pre-stall zone, and the normal (unstalled) zone. Simulation results demonstrate the qualitatively different dynamical behaviors within each regime of parameter space. DTIC Axial Flow; Nonlinearity; Turbocompressors; Unsteady Flow 20060049766 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Hydraulic Design of Channels Conveying Supercritical Flow Stockstill, Richard L; Jul 2006; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454871; ERDC/CHL TR-06-5; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This is a review of the Hydrologic Criteria and Drainage Design Manual (Clark County Regional Flood Control District 1999) of the Clark County Regional Flood Control District (CCRFCD). Areas of needed research relative to channels conveying supercritical flow and corresponding channel appurtenances have been identified. The extension of features 146

common to supercritical channel flow is presented. A case is made that extension of hydraulic design guidance of supercritical confluences (trapezoidal channels and laterals from storm drains), extensions to bridge piers, and access ramps for trapezoidal channels is needed. DTIC Flood Control; Hydraulics; Supercritical Flow

20060049777 Naval Research Lab., Stennis Space Center, MS USA Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation Reed, Allen H; Boudreau, Bernard P; Algar, Chris; Furukawa, Yoko; Jul 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454883; NRL/PP/7430-05-5; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Free gas in surficial sediments commonly forms gas bubbles that attenuate and dampen acoustic waves, influence slope stability, and contribute to greenhouse gas concentrations. Therefore, determining the mechanisms that control bubble shape, size, growth, and migration is important to acoustic sediment characterization and other disciplines. Previously, gas bubble shape, size, and distribution was quantified using ‘low-resolution’ (~500 micron) medical computed tomography (CT). Recently, ‘high-resolution’ (to \h25 micron) x-ray micro-computed tomography (XMCT) was used to evaluate gas bubbles in mud; reconstituted in the laboratory, collected near the Mississippi River (MR) mouth, and collected from Cole Harbor (CH), Nova Scotia. In the reconstituted mud (mixture of kaolinite clay, bay mud, and sucrose), gas bubbles formed spheroids [surface-area ratio (SAR) of ~.01] with equivalent-bubble radii \g30 microns. In several MR cores, gas bubbles formed as vertically oriented oblate spheroids with SARs of ~1.6 (5:1 ratio of length to width), yet in other MR cores, gas bubbles formed elongated fractures that spanned the core width, consequently, a SAR could not be accurately determined. In the CH mud, a gas bubble formed as an oblate spheroid (i.e., coin-shape) with a SAR of ~5.0 (30:1 ratio of length to width) as air was injected incrementally through a capillary tube. It appears that bubble shape (i.e., SAR) and orientation are correlated with sediment physical properties and localized heterogeneity. XMCT images show that gas bubbles grow by fracture mechanics rather than by elastic expansion of the sediments. The images also show that the bubbles exist at sizes that are not resolvable with medical CT and often grow with the principal axis oriented vertically. XMCT has enabled the characterization of gas bubbles that are significantly smaller than those evaluated previously, thus furthering our mechanistic understanding of gas bubble formation and growth. DTIC Acoustic Attenuation; Bubbles; Computer Aided Tomography; Gases; Morphology; Mud; Tomography; X Rays

20060049783 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Progress in the Development of a Multiphase Turbulent Model of the Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Ammunition Primer Schmidt, John R; Nusca, Michael J; Aug 2006; 44 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD17-03-C-0070 Report No.(s): AD-A454890; ARL-TR-3860; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy There is significant experimental evidence that burning particles of various chemical compositions and sizes are ejected from gun primers and that these particles interact with the propellant grains during main charge ignition. This explicit ignition phenomenon is thought to be incompatible with the implicit treatment of primer function in conventional interior ballistics codes and models. Generally, the primer efflux is treated as a hot gas that evolves from a specified region in the model’s representation of the gun chamber (usually along the chamber centerline and near the breech). What amounts to an igniter table is arrived at by experimental means and by careful calibration of the interior ballistics simulation using gun firing data. With the advent of multidimensional, multiphase interior ballistics codes which employ coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian schemes to explicitly treat both the gas and solid phase, the time is ripe for a primer model that is commensurate with the availability of such an interior ballistics model. Progress in the development of a primer model that is compatible with the ARL-NGEN3 interior ballistics code and small-caliber weapons is described herein. The model is based on the One Dimensional Turbulence modeling approach that has recently emerged as a powerful tool in multiphase simulations. Initial results are shown for the model run as a stand-alone code and are compared to recent experiments with small-caliber primers. DTIC Ammunition; Gas Flow; Guns (Ordnance); Interior Ballistics; Progress; Turbulence; Turbulent Flow 147

20060049837 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study Adomaitis, Raymond A; Liaw, Der-Cherng; Abed, Eyad H; Jan 1992; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0015; ECS-86-57561 Report No.(s): AD-A454959; SRC-TR-92-73; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Analysis of the post-instability dynamical behavior of an axial-flow compression system model is carried out in a bifurcation-theoretic setting. Using global analysis techniques, we uncover the sequence of bifurcations in parameter space which allows us to rigorously determine whether the compressor stalls or surges when the throttle is slowly closed beyond the instability margin. Using these computational techniques, we also determine the conditions under which stalled and/or surging flow solutions coexist with the desired uniform-flow operating point and quantify the perturbations which destabilize this operating point. DTIC Axial Flow; Nonlinearity; Turbocompressors; Unsteady Flow

20060049839 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Active Control of Compressor Stall inception: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Approach Liaw, Der-Cherng; Abed, Eyad H; May 31, 1994; 22 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-93-1-0186; AFOSR-90-0015 Report No.(s): AD-A454961; ISR-TR-92-78-R2; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Active control of the onset of stall instabilities in axial flow compressors is pursued using bifurcation analysis of a dynamical model proposed by Moore and Greitzer (1983). This model consists of three ordinary differential equations with state variables being the mass flow rate, pressure rise, and the amplitude of the first harmonic mode of the asymmetric component of the flow, The model is found to exhibit a stationary (pitchfork) bifurcation at the inception of stall, resulting in hysteresis. Using the throttle opening as a control, analysis of the linearized system at stall shows that the critical mode (zero eigenvalue) is unaffected by linear feedback. Hence, nonlinear tools must be used to achieve stabilization. A quadratic feedback control law using measurement of asymmetric dynamics is proposed which stabilizes the bifurcation and eliminates the undesirable hysteretic behavior. DTIC Active Control; Compressors; Rotating Stalls; Turbocompressors; Unsteady Flow

20060050110 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Program Robinson, Jeffrey S.; Martin, John G.; [2006]; 15 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 489-02-07-07-01 Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2006-7031; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050110; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy NASA s highly successful Hyper-X program demonstrated numerous hypersonic air-breathing vehicle related technologies including scramjet performance, advanced materials and hot structures, GN&C, and integrated vehicle performance resulting in, for the first time ever, acceleration of a vehicle powered by a scramjet engine. The Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate (SACD) at NASA s Langley Research Center played a major role in the integrated team providing critical support, analysis, and leadership to the Hyper-X Program throughout the program s entire life and were key to its ultimate success. Engineers in SACD s Vehicle Analysis Branch (VAB) were involved in all stages and aspects of the program, from conceptual design prior to contract award, through preliminary design and hardware development, and in to, during, and after each of the three flights. Working closely with other engineers at Langley and Dryden, as well as industry partners, roughly 20 members of SACD were involved throughout the evolution of the Hyper-X program in nearly all disciplines, including lead roles in several areas. Engineers from VAB led the aerodynamic database development, the propulsion database development, and the stage separation analysis and database development effort. Others played major roles in structures, aerothermal, GN&C, trajectory analysis and flight simulation, as well as providing CFD support for aerodynamic, propulsion, and aerothermal analysis. Author Computational Fluid Dynamics; Hypersonic Vehicles; NASA Space Programs; Systems Analysis; Structural Engineering 148

35 INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY Includes remote sensors; measuring instruments and gages; detectors; cameras and photographic supplies; and holography. For aerial photography see 43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing. For related information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation; and 19 Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics.

20060048681 Mission Research Corp., Dayton, OH USA Frequency Selective Materials for Control of Radiated Emissions and Interference Suppression, Phase 2 Munk, Peter; Beyerle, Peter; Michalk, David; Apr 2006; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTRA01-00-C-0121 Report No.(s): AD-A453311; MRC-R-DN-3-008; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453311; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A frequency selective surface was applied to a radome mounted inside the aerodynamic radome of a host vehicle. This inner radome then provided very little attenuation to electromagnetic signals in a narrow band and a specific polarization, but effectively blocked signals outside the band or in the cross polarization. Measured results were nearly identical to theoretical predictions. DTIC Circuits; Electromagnetic Radiation; Frequency Control; Radomes 20060048708 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measurements of a Dismount With Rocket-Propelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at Ka-Band Stratton, Suzanne R; Bender, Robert L; Jul 2006; 56 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453362; ARL-TR-3855; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453362; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The U.S. Army Research Laboratory’s (ARL’s) Radio Frequency and Electronics Division sponsored and conducted a series of measurements to characterize the millimeter wave (MMW) signatures of one Soldier carrying a rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) launcher with grenade at 34 GHz over three depression angles and for three different body postures: prone, kneeling, and standing. The measurements were taken by ARL at its outdoor signature research facility at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, on 6 through 18 August 2003. A statistical summary of the measurements is presented in this report, along with a full set of radar cross section (RCS) plots of the measurements for four linear polarization combinations. Measurements of the Soldier holding an RPG launcher show that the mean RCS of the target decreases with decreasing body profile over all depression angles. The mean RCS does not depend on launcher angle or depression angle in most cases. The co-polarized means are much more sensitive than the cross-polarized terms to changes in body posture and launcher angle. The RPG launcher contributes the largest component to the signature. DTIC Extremely High Frequencies; Grenades; Launchers; Radar Cross Sections; Radar Measurement; Rocket Launchers 20060048728 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Test Carstens, Christian B; Bonnett, Charles C; Redden, Elizabeth S; Aug 2006; 167 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-62716AH70 Report No.(s): AD-A453392; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453392; Avail.: CASI: A08, Hardcopy This study was conducted to evaluate a prototype enhanced night vision goggle (ENVG) that combines thermal and image intensification (I2) capabilities. Two infantry squads acted as participants. Soldiers were trained to use the ENVG and they received familiarization training on a baseline I2 device (AN/PVS-14). The exercises included woodland individual movement techniques (IMT) course trials; military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) target detection trials; land navigation exercises; MOUT defensive and offensive exercises; night rifle qualification course exercises; ambush and patrol exercises; and human factors compatibility exercises. The experiment was conducted in May and June 2004, during hours of darkness, at various sites in Fort Benning, Georgia. Results indicated that the fused night vision device (NVD) enhanced the capability to detect heat-emitting targets, especially through obscurants, without interfering with movement through woodland, open fields, and urban terrain. Fusion diminished the negative impact on target detection and engagement when smoke was introduced. In the woodland environment, fusion did not interfere with IMT times and did increase the range at which thermal and human targets 149

were detected. Deep shadows, camouflage, and smoke did not mask targets when the thermal overlay was used. In the MOUT setting, fusion technology provided significantly better target detection capability than was provided by the I2 baseline. When used in the fusion mode, the ENVG device was compatible with the AN/PAQ-4C and AN/PEQ-2 laser aiming devices. Fusion capability did not, however, enhance firing accuracy for heat-emitting targets on the night qualification range. Limitations in the configuration, mount design, system controls, and visual characteristics of the fused NVD were identified and discussed. DTIC Detection; Enhanced Vision; Goggles; Military Operations; Night Vision; Target Acquisition; Visual Perception 20060048933 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Border Security: The Role of the U.S. Border Patrol Nunez-Neto, Blas; May 10, 2005; 40 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453705; CRS-RL32562; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The USA Border Patrol (USBP) has a long and storied history as the nation’s first line of defense against unauthorized migration. Today, the USBP’s primary mission is to detect and prevent the entry of terrorists, weapons of mass destruction, and illegal aliens into the country, and to interdict drug smugglers and other criminals along the border. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 dissolved the Immigration and Naturalization Service and placed the USBP within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). During the last decade, the USBP has seen its budget and manpower more than triple. This expansion was the direct result of Congressional concerns about illegal immigration and the agency’s adoption of ‘Prevention Through Deterrence’ as its chief operational strategy in 1994. The strategy called for placing USBP resources and manpower directly at the areas of greatest illegal immigration to detect, deter, and apprehend aliens attempting to cross the border between official points of entry. Post 9/11, the USBP refocused its strategy on preventing the entry of terrorists and weapons of mass destruction, as laid out in its recently released National Strategy. There are significant geographic, political, and immigration-related differences between the Northern border with Canada and the Southwest border with Mexico. Accordingly, the USBP deploys a different mix of personnel and resources along the two borders. Some issues for Congress to consider could include the slow rate of integration between the USBP’s biometric database of illegal aliens and the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) biometric database of criminals and terrorists; the number of unauthorized aliens who die attempting to enter the country each year; the organized human smuggling rings that have proliferated as entering the country has become more difficult; and the threat posed by terrorists along the sparsely defended Northern border as well as the more porous Southwest border. DTIC Patrols; Security; United States 20060048950 NVE Corp., Eden Prairie, MN USA Very Dense Magnetic Sensor Arrays for Precision Measurement and Detection Smith, Carl H; Schneider, Robert W; Jun 2003; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453763; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Very dense arrays of micron-sized magnetic sensors combined with micron sensor spacing on a single chip can detect very small magnetic fields with high spatial resolution. These changes in magnetic fields are in the milligauss range, approximately 500 times less than Earth’s field, and are required for magnetic biosensors, nondestructive test/inspection/evaluation, precision position measurement, document validation and magnetic imaging applications. By using a silicon substrate for the sensor elements, the signal conditioning and logic capability of integrated circuits can be utilized to reduce size, weight and power while optimizing system performance when compared to a collection of sensors supplying raw signals to a processor. This integrated technique, also, reduces the effect of noise and greatly simplifies the sensor/signal processing interface. Applications of these very dense and sensitive micro-arrays will be discussed during the presentation including its possible implications for Homeland Security. DTIC Measurement; Precision 20060049116 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Storage Radar Page, R M; Oct 14, 1949; 46 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453808; NRL-3532; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The practical application of Radar to the detection and tracking of surface and airborne targets was demonstrated prior 150

to the 1939 outbreak of World War II. Subsequently the military usefulness of radar was significantly enhanced by an unprecedented concentration of scientific talent on wartime electronic development. The high operational effectiveness of radar at war brought forth countermeasures which nullified that effectiveness with varying degrees of success. At war’s end, although radar still had great value against existing targets, there remained several deficiencies which threatened to reduce to the vanishing point the military usefulness of radar against the anticipated targets of another war. The findings of the Radar Panel of the Research and Development Board indicated in 1947 that the anticipated requirements could not be met by the nominal improvements that result from refinement of existing techniques. Rather the indicated need was for a new approach which would yield improvement by orders of magnitude. Significant improvement in radar angle error data has been accomplished through refinement in sequential lobing techniques, and application of monopulse techniques as proposed in an earlier report.1 Present high-speed lobing and monopulse techniques, together with modern servomechanism developments, promise sufficiently accurate and smooth angle tracking to meet most anticipated tactical requirements. DTIC Radar; Radar Data; Radar Targets; Tracking (Position) 20060049130 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumentation Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center Wrbanek, John D.; Fralick, Gustave C.; September 2006; 18 pp.; In English; 52nd International Instrumentation Symposium, 7-11 May 2006, Cleveland, OH, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 561581.02.01.03.08 Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214395; E-15674; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049130; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A range of thin film sensor technology has been demonstrated enabling measurement of multiple parameters either individually or in sensor arrays including temperature, strain, heat flux, and flow. Multiple techniques exist for refractory thin film fabrication, fabrication and integration on complex surfaces and multilayered thin film insulation. Leveraging expertise in thin films and high temperature materials, investigations for the applications of thin film ceramic sensors has begun. The current challenges of instrumentation technology are to further develop systems packaging and component testing of specialized sensors, further develop instrumentation techniques on complex surfaces, improve sensor durability, and to address needs for extreme temperature applications. The technology research and development ongoing at NASA Glenn for applications to future launch vehicles, space vehicles, and ground systems is outlined. Author Thin Films; Ceramics; Heat Flux; Refractory Materials; Fabrication; Insulation 20060049174 Ljubljana Univ., Ljubljana, Slovenia Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents Murovec, Bostjan; Kovacic, Stanislav; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 1-6; In Slovene; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The paper describes an algorithm for eye detection in intensity images of human faces for official identity documents. The purpose of the research is automatic registration of the photograph of the person into the proper field of the identity document. The input images are acquired by means of a digital photo camera or optical scanner which implies that the person is not physically present during execution ‘of the algorithm. Therefore, no methods based on the usage of the active infrared light [8] can be utilized. The research is limited by the decision to work with intensity images exclusively. Therefore, it is not possible to use fast skin or face detectors [4, 5, 2] based in inspecting the color information of the pixels. There exist face detectors for intensity images [I] which are significantly slower than their color-aware counterparts. For that reason an attempt is made to avoid them since one of the goals of the research is that the whole process of eye detection should take less than one second on an average personal computer in order not to impose a significant delay into the process of making a personal identity document. The algorithm that is being described is somewhat similar to the algorithms in [3, 7]. The basic idea is to locate eyes in two steps. First, potential eye candidates are located based on global information of the image. Then many false candidates which are inevitable are rejected by inspecting intensity patterns in the neighborhood of the candidates. Because the proposed algorithm does not rely on face detection it is relatively immune to the contents of the background of the image, which is an advantage compared to the algorithms that require an uniform background for proper execution as is the usual case with algorithms employing face detectors. As no color information is present in the input image, the described algorithm executes relatively independently from the skin color of the person in the picture. Still, with the current implementation it is impossible to detect eyes in photographs of black people since the intensity contrast between the iris and the surrounding of the eye (skin) is heavily relied on. When dealing with the black skin, such contrast is too small to suffice. The purpose of the 151

algorithm leads to some simplifications compared to general eye detectors. Namely, the suitable image for the official identity document contains exactly one face and one pair of eyes. Further, the face is placed relatively accurately in the center of the image and the face occupies the major part of the image. Author Eye (Anatomy); Pattern Recognition; Computer Vision; Digital Cameras; Photographs; Pixels; Optical Scanners 20060049333 Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Initial Technology Assessment for the Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) System Kooistra, Scott; Walter, John; Aug 2006; 74 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454235; ECBC-TR-477; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454235; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research (USACEHR), with support from the U.S. Army client organizations and funding from U.S. Army Science and Technology Objective (STO) IV.ME.2004.03, is developing an Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) system to provide rapid toxicity identification for a broad spectrum of chemicals in water. A critical initial phase of the STO is to test and evaluate toxicity sensor technologies (also called ESB system technologies). Because there are a number of potentially feasible technologies that could meet the goals of the ESB program, a downselect will be performed to evaluate these technologies and select the most promising technologies for further development as part of an ESB system. The methodology and process to complete the downselect was developed in FYO4 with user representatives and technology experts. Because critical data was not initially available, the fmal ESB system technology downselection was postponed until the data became available. Tests to generate the needed data will be complete in FYO5. The fmal ESB system technology downselection, using the methodology and process developed in FYO4, will occur after the test data becomes available. The methods and processes used in the technology downselection produce repeatable, defensible, and justifiable investment decisions. DTIC Dosage; Lethality; Sentinel System; Technology Assessment; Toxicity 20060049337 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere with Millimeter-Wave Radar Ngo, Mai T; Linde, George J; Cheung, WinJou J; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454248; XB-NRL/MR/5300; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454248; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy With the high peak power and large antenna gain of the WARLOC W-band (94 GHz) radar, clear-air radar returns from the lower atmosphere, which have no visible underlying scattering mechanism, have been observed. Due to their close resemblance to classical sea spikes from the sea surface scatter, the unknown phenomena are being referred to as air spikes. In this paper, a brief description of the high power WARLOC radar and preliminary observations of radar returns from air spikes are presented. Characteristics of air spikes in terms of height distribution, velocity response, volume density distribution, radar cross section, and spatial extent are discussed. DTIC Lower Atmosphere; Millimeter Waves; Radar 20060049402 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Radar Signals in the Presence of Noise Teolis, A; Pati, Y C; Peckerar, M C; Shamma, S; Jan 1989; 57 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSF-OIR-85-00108 Report No.(s): AD-A454381; SRC-TR-89-33; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454381; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Among the numerous problems which arise in the context of radar signal processing is the problem of extraction of information from a noise corrupted signal. In this application the signal is assumed to be the superposition of outputs from multiple radar emitters. Associated with the output of each emitter is a unique set of parameters which are in general unknown. Significant parameters associated with each emitter are (1) the pulse repetition frequencies, (2) the pulse durations (widths) associated with pulse trains and (3) the pulse amplitudes. A superposition of the outputs of multiple emitters together with additive noise is observed at the receiver. In this study we consider the problem of decomposing such a noise corrupted linear combination of emitter outputs into an underlying set of basis signals while also identifying the parameters associated with 152

each of the emitters involved. Foremost among our objectives is to design a system capable of performing this decomposition/classification in a demanding real-time environment. We present here a system composed of three cascaded neural-analog networks which, in simulation, has demonstrated an ability to nominally perform the task of decomposition and classification of superposed radar signals under extremely high noise conditions. DTIC Decomposition; Neural Nets; Real Time Operation; Signal Processing; Time Signals

20060049411 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, Australia Video Moving Target Indication in the Analysts’ Detection Support System Jones, Ronald; Booth, David M; Redding, Nicholas J; Apr 2006; 52 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454419; DSTO-RR-0306; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454419; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report presents a review of a video moving target indication (VMTI) capability implemented in the Analysts’ Detection Support System (ADSS). The VMTI subsystem has been devised for video from moving sensors, in particular, but not exclusively, airborne urban surveillance video. The paradigm of the moving sensor, which is a typical scenario in defence applications (e.g., UAV surveillance video), poses some unique DTIC Detection; Moving Target Indicators; Surveillance; Targets; Video Signals

20060049471 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Detection System Developed by Geophysical Solutions Bennett, Jr , Hollis H; Fields, Morris P; May 2006; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454563; ERDC/EL-TR-06-6; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454563; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Multi-Sensor System (MSS) developed by Geophysical Solutions was tested and evaluated in March 2004 at the unexploded ordnance (UXO) test site and the UXO/countermine test stand located at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS. The MSS includes two sensor systems, the Geophex GEM-3-E and Geonics EM-63, as well as the Gem Systems GSMP-40 magnetometer and the NavCom SF-2050 series rover using the Starfire differential global positioning system (GPS). The MSS was found to be heavy and extreme in its length, thus making it difficult to move the MSS along a straight line. The positioning system for the cart lacked expected accuracy. With the GPS positioned near one of the pivot points, the arc of the other sensors could be moved through without any change in the GPS recording. Also, the GPS occasionally failed to keep a lock on the differential GPS signal, thus decreasing its accuracy. With the EM-63, the system did not allow for adequate channels to be saved. The EM-63 induced a large signal in the magnetometer that had to be removed. The EM-63 and GEM-3-E both produced data with similar results as those obtained from other GEM-3’s and EM-63’s used by ERDC. DTIC Ammunition; Detection; Geophysics; Multisensor Applications; Ordnance

20060049630 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Trainable Videorealistic Speech Animation Ezzat, Tony; Geiger, Gadi; Poggio, Tomaso; Jan 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454663; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We describe how to create with machine learning techniques a generative, videorealistic, speech animation module. A human subject is rst recorded using a videocamera as he/she utters a predetermined speech corpus. After processing the corpus automatically, a visual speech module is learned from the data that is capable of synthesizing the human subject’s mouth uttering entirely novel utterances that were not recorded in the original video. The synthesized utterance is re-composited onto a background sequence which contains natural head and eye movement. The nal output is videorealistic in the sense that it looks like a video camera recording of the subject. At run time, the input to the system can be either real audio sequences or synthetic audio produced by a text-to-speech system, as long as they have been phonetically aligned. The two key contributions of this paper are 1) a variant of the multidimensional morphable model (MMM) to synthesize new, previously unseen mouth con gurations from a small set of mouth image prototypes; and 2) a trajectory synthesis technique based on 153

regularization, which is automatically trained from the recorded video corpus, and which is capable of synthesizing trajectories in MMM space corresponding to any desired utterance. DTIC Modules; Speech Recognition; Vision 20060049730 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Development and Testing of a High-Speed Real-Time Kinematic Precise DGPS Positioning System Between Two Aircraft Spinelli, Christopher J; Sep 2006; 483 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454831; AFIT/GCS/ENG/06-12; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This research involves the design, implementation, and testing of a high-speed, real-time kinematic, precise differential GPS positioning system for use in airborne applications such as automated aerial-refueling and close formation flying. Although many of the current ambiguity resolution techniques use the residuals from the least squares position estimation to determine the true ambiguity set, this thesis presents a novel approach to the ambiguity resolution problem, called the minimum indicator. Instead of assuming the ambiguity set with the lowest residuals is the true set, other special characteristics of the residuals are examined. This increases the confidence that the algorithm has selected the true ambiguity set. The end result was the first-ever successful in-flight demonstration of close formation flight, culminating in over 11 hours of close formation flying with a mean radial spherical error of 3.3 centimeters (0.108 feet). Other areas addressed include: the difference between ‘pre-fit’ and ‘post-fit’ residuals in the conditional probability calculation, the impact of a simplified dynamics model on system performance, the effect of widelane observables on the time-to-fix the correct double-difference ambiguities, and dynamically adjusting the time constant and standard deviation of relative acceleration states in the FOGMA model. DTIC Global Positioning System; High Speed; Kinematics; Positioning; Real Time Operation 20060049737 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Three-Dimensional Change Detection With the Use of an Evidence Grid Haas, Gary A; Sep 2006; 27 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454838; ARL-TR-3916; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this study, the objective is to find changes in terrain geometry, which are encountered by a patrolling unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) from one patrol run to another. The UGV is equipped with a streaming imaging ladar (laser radar) that measures the distance to the nearest surface at an array of points spanning a prism-shaped field of view and with a navigation system that measures the location of the UGV in a world-fixed coordinate frame. The path followed by the UGV is approximately the same during each run. We are interested in the ability to detect true changes, to reject false alarms, and the range relative tothe UGV at which detections occur. DTIC Change Detection; Optical Radar 20060049759 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Multi-Sensor Correlation and Quantization in Distributed Detection Systems Chau, Yawgeng A; Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1991; 62 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1375; NSF-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454863; SRC-TR-91-29; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Quantization and fusion schemes are derived for multi-sensor correlation in distributed K-sensor systems that are used for the detection of weak signals or general signal discrimination from dependent observations. The dependence in the observations across time and sensors is modeled via stationary m-dependent, phi-mixing, or rho-mixing processes. The observation sequences of the various sensors have identical individual statistics and identical pairwise statistics (symmetric conditions). Each sensor observation is passed through a memoryless non-linearity or quantizer (the same one for all sensors) to form the sensor test statistic; the decision statistics of the various sensors are then passed to the fusion center in an unquantized or binary quantized manner to form the final decision statistic of the fusion center. Based on a common large sample size for each sensor that is necessary for achieving high-quality performance, an asymptotic analysis is applied for the error probabilities of the fusion center. This provides design criteria for the optimal memoryless nonlinearity and quantizer. Optimization of these design criteria yields the optimal nonlinearity or quantizer as solutions to linear integral equations 154

involving the first- and second-order PDFs of the sensor observations describing the individual arid pairwise dependence. The analytical results obtained are valid for any number of sensors K. Numerical results based on the simulation of the performance of our schemes with different number of sensors are presented. The performance of the optimal nonlinearities and quantizers is shown to outperform that of nonlinearities or quantizers obtained by ignoring the dependence in sensor observations and to improve as the number of sensors increases. DTIC Detection; Multisensor Applications; Signal Processing

20060049765 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Analytical Determination of Airborne Radar Response to Extraneous Inputs White, Charles F; Loughmiller, C M; Dec 18, 1957; 31 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454870; NRL-5056; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Airborne Radar; Radar Equipment

20060049804 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Expedient Gap Definition Using 3D LADAR Edwards, Lulu; Jersey, Sarah R; Sep 2006; 108 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454916; ERDC/GSL-TR-06-12; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy This report presents a summary of the testing and analyses performed to determine the capabilities of a 3D LADAR (laser detection and ranging) system developed by Autonomous Solutions, Inc. (ASI). Under the direction of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), ASI has developed an algorithm to reduce the 3D point cloud acquired with the LADAR system into sets of 2D profiles that describe the terrain. This report provides data for (1) evaluating the ranging sensors that could potentially be used for measuring the geometry of a terrain gap, (2) reviewing results of the validation testing of the LADAR system, and (3) developing guidance for using LADAR systems to characterize terrain gaps. Validating the 3D LADAR system included the following tasks: (1) determining the effect of slope and depth of a gap on the measurements acquired with the LADAR system, (2) determining the effect of ambient light conditions on the measurements taken with the LADAR system, (3) determining the effect of different surface materials/textures on the measurements taken with the LADAR system, and (4) determining the effect of fog and dust on the measurements taken with the LADAR system. The project described in this report is part of the Battlespace Gap Definition and Defeat Army Technology Objective program. DTIC Laser Range Finders; Optical Radar

20060050164 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA Vision Based Localization in Urban Environments McHenry, Michael; Cheng, Yang; Matthies, Larry; [2005]; 12 pp.; In English; SPIE Defense and Security Symposium, 28-31 Mar. 2005, Orlando, FL, USA; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39683; Avail.: Other Sources As part of DARPA’s MARS2020 program, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed a vision-based system for localization in urban environments that requires neither GPS nor active sensors. System hardware consists of a pair of small FireWire cameras and a standard Pentium-based computer. The inputs to the software system consist of: 1) a crude grid-based map describing the positions of buildings, 2) an initial estimate of robot location and 3) the video streams produced by each camera. At each step during the traverse the system: captures new image data, finds image features hypothesized to lie on the outside of a building, computes the range to those features, determines an estimate of the robot’s motion since the previous step and combines that data with the map to update a probabilistic representation of the robot’s location. This probabilistic representation allows the system to simultaneously represent multiple possible locations, For our testing, we have derived the a priori map manually using non-orthorectified overhead imagery, although this process could be automated. The software system consists of two primary components. The first is the vision system which uses binocular stereo ranging together with a set of heuristics to identify features likely to be part of building exteriors and to compute an estimate of the robot’s motion since the previous step. The resulting visual features and the associated range measurements are software component, a particle-filter based localization system. This system uses the map and the then fed to the second primary most recent results from the vision system to update the estimate of the robot’s location. This report summarizes the design of both the hardware 155

and software and will include the results of applying the system to the global localization of a robot over an approximately half-kilometer traverse across JPL’S Pasadena campus. Author Unmanned Ground Vehicles; Robotics; Cameras; Imagery; Rangefinding 20060050179 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, USA Beam Dynamics in a Spectrometer for the Polarized Positron Production Experiment Salnikov, A.; Sep. 2006; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881535; SLAC-PUB-11396; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The proposed experiment E-166 at SLAC is designed to demonstrate the possibility of producing longitudinally polarized positrons from circularly polarized photons to be used in future Linear Collider. The experimental set-up utilizes a low emittance 50 GeV electron beam passing through a helical undulator in the Final Focus Test Beam line of the SLAC accelerator. Circularly polarized photons generated by the electron beam in the undulator hit a target and produce electron-positron pairs. The purpose of the post-target spectrometer is to select the positron beam and to deliver it to a polarimeter whilst keeping the positron beam polarization as high as possible. This paper analyzes positron transmission and polarization in the E-166 spectrometer experiment. The positron transmission has a maximum value of 7% for a positron beam energy of 5.5 MeV, while positron polarization is approximately 60%. NTIS Positrons; Spectrometers; Electron Beams; Beam Steering 20060050232 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostrictive Sensors Dapino, Marcelo J; Calkins, Frederick T; Smith, Ralph C; Flatau, Alison B; Dec 1999; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0180; NSF-CMS94-57288 Report No.(s): AD-A454513; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454513; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy See report. DTIC Magnetostriction; Mathematical Models

36 LASERS AND MASERS Includes lasing theory, laser pumping techniques, maser amplifiers, laser materials, and the assessment of laser and maser outputs. For cases where the application of the laser or maser is emphasized see also the specific category where the application is treated. For related information see also 76 Solid-State Physics.

20060048507 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode Amzajerdian, Farzin; Meadows, Byron L.; Barnes, Bruce W.; Lockard, George E.; Singh, Upendra N.; Kavaya, Michael J.; Baker, Nathaniel R.; [2006]; 6 pp.; In English; 6th Annual NASA Earth Science Technology Conference - ESTC 2006, 27-29 Jun. 2006, College Park, MD, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 643-02-02-02-05 Report No.(s): Paper-B1P1; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Operating high power laser diode arrays in long pulse regime of about 1 msec, which is required for pumping 2-micron thulium and holmium-based lasers, greatly limits their useful lifetime. This paper describes performance of laser diode arrays operating in long pulse mode and presents experimental data of the active region temperature and pulse-to-pulse thermal cycling that are the primary cause of their premature failure and rapid degradation. This paper will then offer a viable approach for determining the optimum design and operational parameters leading to the maximum attainable lifetime. Author Continuous Wave Lasers; Semiconductor Lasers; Reliability Analysis; High Power Lasers; Modes 156

20060048666 Air Force Research Lab., Kirkland AFB, NM USA High Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Postprint) Ongstad, A P; Dente, G C; Tilton, M L; Chavez, J C; Gianardi, Jr, D M; Jun 13, 2006; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DF297213; Proj-3151 Report No.(s): AD-A453292; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453292; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We describe high-brightness, broad-area mid-IR semiconductor lasers. The optically pumped devices achieved higher brightness operation as unstable resonators. Each unstable resonator was realized by polishing or etching a diverging cylindrical mirror at one of the facets. For several mid-IR unstable resonator devices experimental near- and far-fields near threshold are shown, as well as at many times threshold. For an unstable resonator semiconductor laser operating at 4.6 micrometer and at a high peak power of 6.7 W the device was observed to be nearly diffraction limited 25 times threshold. In comparison a standard Fabry-Perot laser was observed to be 6 to 8 times diffraction limited when operated under similar conditions. DTIC Brightness; Infrared Radiation; Resonators; Semiconductor Lasers; Semiconductors (Materials) 20060049295 Pennsylvania State Univ., State College, PA USA The Application of Intelligent Robotic Systems and Lasers for Manufacturing Watson, Henry E; Aug 1987; 13 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454101; NSRP-0281; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454101; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The R&D programs in Manufacturing Technology at The Pennsylvania State University have a major emphasis on automation of materials processing and inspection. Two on-going research projects in these areas, that are based on the application of laser technology are (1) the Laser Articulated Robotic System (LARS), and (2) the Intelligent Robot Inspection System (IRIS). Both of these projects are supported by the U.S. Navy Manufacturing Technology Program. The paper presents the background, current status, research results, and future plans for the LARS and IRIS. DTIC Computer Aided Manufacturing; Lasers; Manufacturing; Marine Technology; Robotics; Ships 20060049310 Y and S Co., Sofia, Bulgaria Developing a Methodology for Elaborating a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High Power Laser Diodes Yankov, Plamen; Jun 2006; 27 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N62558-05-P-0382 Report No.(s): AD-A454163; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454163; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The laser diodes are efficient sources of optical radiation. The maximum optical peak power depends on the pulse duration of the driving current pulse - reducing the pulse duration the safety peak power is increased. The aim of the study is to elaborate a methodology to determine the safety operation area of the high power laser diodes designed for CW operation. Using this methodology, the designer of certain laser devices may exploit the maximum of the laser diode under pulsed operation. The methodology is based on measuring the dynamic behavior of the junction temperature and the dependence of the efficiency of the laser action versus the peak current for rectangular pulses with parameter the pulse duration. The maximum peak current is determined as a 10% walk off from the linearity between peak current / optical peak power for every pulse duration. The curve (max. peak current) / (pulse duration) is plotted. Knowing the maximum peak current, the repetition frequency for a given pulse duration may be calculated for a given average power. DTIC High Power Lasers; Independent Variables; Pulse Duration; Safety; Semiconductor Lasers 20060049357 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Thin Disks Berry, Patrick A; Schepler, Kenneth L; Feb 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2003 157

Report No.(s): AD-A454302; AFRL-SN-WP-TP-2006-108; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454302; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We used finite element software to model the time dependence of thermal lensing and temperature rise in a Cr2+-doped zinc selenide thin disk for pulsed pumping. Two cases, chopped cw and Q-switched pumping, were considered. The model agrees well with experimental results for the chopped pumping case but does not directly agree with Q-switched pumping because the time delay between absorption and heat transfer to the host material is not accounted for in our model. DTIC Doped Crystals; Lasers; Temperature Effects; Thermal Lensing; Time Dependence; Transition Metals; Zinc Selenides 20060049405 L-3 Communications Corp., San Diego, CA USA Fiber Laser Arrays Simpson, Thomas B; May 3, 2006; 62 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA9451-04-C-0063; Proj-4866 Report No.(s): AD-A454395; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454395; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Experiments have been conducted to investigate the feasibility and scalability of coherent laser output from an array of fiber lasers with strong intracavity coupling. A flexible, reconfigurable experimental apparatus has been modified and configured for these investigations. Measurements taken with this apparatus during this program showed that nonlinear optical interactions in long-cavity, coherently coupled fiber laser arrays do not destroy the high efficiency coherent combining. In fact, by spreading the output power among many modes, the nonlinear optical interactions offer a path to scaling to very large arrays of length-mismatched elements. Arrays of 2-5 amplifier elements coupled using the 2 2 fiber couplers were constructed with emphasis on linear cavity configurations. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering and Cross Mode Coupling are identified as the key nonlinear interactions and observed distinctly using cavities with a narrow spectral bandwidth. Intracavity etaloning due to parasitic loss points at FC/APC connectors is identified as a limiting performance feature of the experimental apparatus and it is recommended that all connectorized couplings be replaced by fusion splices for future work. DTIC Fiber Lasers; Laser Arrays 20060049434 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues for Congress Bolkman, Christopher; Hildreth, Steven A; Aug 18, 2005; 18 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454463; CRS-RL32123; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454463; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The USA has pursued a variety of ballistic missile defense concepts and programs over the past fifty years. Since the 1970s, some attention has focused on directed energy weapons, such as high-powered lasers for missile defense. Today, the Airborne Laser (ABL) program is the furthest advanced of these directed energy weapons and remains the subject of some technical and program debate. The Department of Defense (DOD) has been a strong advocate for the ABL and its predecessor programs. The Defense Department and most missile defense advocates argue that the ABL, which is designed to shoot down attacking ballistic missiles within the first few minutes of their launch, is a necessary component of any broader U.S. ballistic missile defense system. Congress has largely supported the Administration’s ABL program. DTIC Airborne Lasers; Lasers 20060049469 Air Force Research Lab., Kirkland AFB, NM USA Performance Comparison of Optically Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared Lasers Ongstad, A P; Kaspi, R; Tilton, M L; Chavez, J R; Dente, G C; Oct 25, 2005; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DF297213; Proj-4866 Report No.(s): AD-A454561; AFRL-DE-PS-JA-2006-1001; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454561; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We report a comparative study on the performance of three optically pumped, type-II quantum well lasers with differing quantum well (QW) confinement. One of the active regions emphasized hole confinement, another emphasized electron confinement, while the third incorporated both electron and hole confinements. In all cases the wells were inserted in a thick 158

In(sub x)Ga(sub 1-x)As(sub y)Sb(1-y) waveguide/absorber region. The lasing wavelengths at 84 K were 2.26, 3.44, and 2.37 microns, respectively. The maximum peak output powers and differential quantum efficiencies eta at 84 K were similar for the hole well and W lasers (=13 W, eta=0.55), but significantly reduced in the electron-well-only laser (2.3 W, eta=0.14). Waveguide loss measurements via the traditional quantum efficiency versus cavity length method and by a Hakki-Paoli method revealed that all three lasers had low waveguide loss that either increased slowly or not at all with increasing temperature. However, the laser’s internal efficiency, eta(sub i), showed a linear decline with increasing temperature, with the eta(sub i) of the electron-well-only laser significantly less than the other two. The data suggest that for antimonide-based type-II designs, strong hole confinement is essential for improved performance. The data further suggest that it is hole leakage from the QW and/or hole dilution that is largely responsible for the degradation in laser performance. DTIC Lasers; Quantum Well Lasers

20060049677 University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA Photonic Arbitrary Waveform Generation Technology Delfyett, Jr, Peter J; Jun 2006; 37 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-05-1-0068; Proj-AWGD Report No.(s): AD-A454745; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Modelocked semiconductor lasers emit short (\h1 picosecond) optical pulses at high pulse repetition frequencies (\g1 GHz) and can be utilized for a wide variety of applications, but are typically geared towards time domain applications, e.g., optical time division multiplexed optical links, optical sampling, etc. Additionally, the periodic nature of optical pulse generation from modelocked semi conductor diode lasers also makes these devices ideal candidates for the generation of high quality optical frequency combs, or multiple wavelengths, in addition to the ultra short temporally stable, high peak intensity optical pulses that one is accustomed to. Modelocked semiconductor lasers are used to generate a set of phase locked optical frequencies on a periodic grid. The periodic and phase coherent nature of the optical frequency combs make it possible for the realization of high performance optical and RF arbitrary waveform synthesis. The resulting optical frequency components can be used for communication applications relying on direct detection, dense WDM, coherent detection WDM, OTDM, and OCDMA. This report highlights recent results in the use of optical frequency combs generated from semiconductors for optical and RF arbitrary waveform generation. DTIC Laser Mode Locking; Semiconductor Lasers; Waveforms

37 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Includes mechanical devices and equipment; machine elements and processes. For cases where the application of a device or the host vehicle is emphasized see also the specific category where the application or vehicle is treated. For robotics see 63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics; and 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.

20060048182 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Blown In Vacuo Manning, andrew; Tucker, Dennis; Mooney, Theodore; Herren, Kenneth; Gregory, Don A.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only Theoretically, the strength of glass processed in vacuum should be higher due to outgassing of contaminants normally present in the glass, such as bulk water in the form of OH bonds that tends to weaken the glass structure. In this research, small discs of a few types of glass have been subjected to various temperatures for extended periods of time in vacuum. Their strength was then tested using a standard flexure technique, facilitated by a custom-designed test fixture, and the results were compared to glass tested in air using the same fixture. The purpose of the glass blowing investigation was to prove the basic feasibility of a high-level concept for in-space manufacture of optical elements. The central requirement was that the glass bubble had to be blown into a support structure such that the bubble could be handled by manipulation of the structure. The blown bubble attached itself to a mullite ring geometrically and mechanically, as a demonstration in the initial experiments described here, by expanding through and around it. The vacuum system used was custom made, as were most of the 159

components of the system, such as the heating element, the glass and ring support structure, and the gas inlet system that provided the pressure needed to blow the glass. Author Glass; Mechanical Properties; Optical Properties; Vacuum Systems; Blowing 20060048197 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assessment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of the Space Shuttle Main Engine Wingard, Doug; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; 2006 North American Thermal Analysis Society (NATAS) Conference, 7-9 Aug. 2006, Bowling Green, KY, USA; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only After the rollout of Space Shuttle Discovery in April 2005 in preparation for return-to-flight, there was a failure of the Orbiter (OV-103) helium signature leak test in the gaseous hydrogen (GH2) system. Leakage was attributed to the Flow Control Valve (FCV) in Main Engine 3. The FCV determined to be the source of the leak for OV-103 is designated as LV-58. The nitrile/Buna N rubber O-ring seal was removed from LV-58, and failure analysis indicated radial cracks providing leak paths in one quadrant. Cracks were eventually found in 6 of 9 FCV O-rings among the three Shuttle Orbiters, though none were as severe as those for LV-58, OV-103. Testing by EM10 at MSFC on all 9 FCV O- rings included: laser dimensional, Shore A hardness and properties from a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and an Instron tensile machine. The following test data was obtained on the cracked quadrant of the LV-58, OV-103 O-ring: (1) the estimated compression set was only 9.5%, compared to none for the rest of the O-ring; (2) Shore A hardness for the O.D. was higher by almost 4 durometer points than for the rest of the O-ring; and (3) DMA data showed that the storage/elastic modulus E was almost 25% lower than for the rest of the O-ring. Of the 8 FCV O-rings tested on an Instron, 4 yielded tensile strengths that were below the MIL spec requirement of 1350 psi-a likely influence of rubber cracking. Comparisons were made between values of modulus determined by DNA (elastic) and Instron (Young s). Each nitrile/Buna N O-ring used in the FCV conforms to the MIL-P-25732C specification. A number of such O-rings taken from shelf storage at MSFC and Kennedy Space Center (KSC) were used to generate a reference curve of DMA glass transition temperature (Tg) vs. shelf storage time ranging from 8 to 26 years. A similar reference curve of TGA onset temperature (of rubber weight loss) vs. shelf storage time was also generated. The DMA and TGA data for the used FCV O-rings were compared to the reference curves. Correlations were also made between the DMA modulus (at 22 C) and Shore A hardness for all 9 of the FCV O-rings used among the three Shuttle Orbiters. The radial cracking in the FCV O-rings was determined to be due to ozone attack, as nitrile/Buna N rubber is susceptible to such attack. Nitrile/Buna N material under MIL-P25732C should be used in a hydraulic fluid environment to help protect it from cracking. However, the FCV O-rings were used in an air only environment. The FCV design has as much as a 9-mil gap that allows the O.D. of the O-ring to be directly exposed to ozone, pressurized air and some elevated temperatures, accelerating the weathering process that leads to O-ring cracking. Space Shuttle flights will likely not continue past 2010. Therefore, Shuttle management decided to continue using the nitrile/Buna N material for the FCVs, but have each O-ring replaced after 3 years to minimize any chances for crack initiation. Author Buna (Trademark); Failure Analysis; Nitriles; O Ring Seals; Hydrogen; Control Valves; Flow Regulators; Space Shuttle Main Engine 20060048567 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA Self-Calibrating Pressure Transducer Lueck, Dale E., Inventor; May 16, 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 17 Jun. 2004; US-Patent-7,043,960; US-Patent-Appl-SN-873997; NASA-Case-KSC-12350; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048567; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A self-calibrating pressure transducer is disclosed. The device uses an embedded zirconia membrane which pumps a determined quantity of oxygen into the device. The associated pressure can be determined, and thus, the transducer pressure readings can be calibrated. The zirconia membrane obtains oxygen .from the surrounding environment when possible. Otherwise, an oxygen reservoir or other source is utilized. In another embodiment, a reversible fuel cell assembly is used to pump oxygen and hydrogen into the system. Since a known amount of gas is pumped across the cell, the pressure produced can be determined, and thus, the device can be calibrated. An isolation valve system is used to allow the device to be calibrated in situ. Calibration is optionally automated so that calibration can be continuously monitored. The device is preferably a fully integrated MEMS device. Since the device can be calibrated without removing it from the process, reductions in costs and down time are realized. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Calibrating; Pressure Sensors; Mechanical Devices; Mechanical Engineering 160

20060048761 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA A Geometric Algorithm for Automated Design of Multi-Stage Molds for Manufacturing Multi-Material Objects Kumar, Malay; Gupta, Satyandra K; Jan 2000; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0416; DMI98-96255 Report No.(s): AD-A453546; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453546; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper describes a geometric algorithm for automated design of multi-stage molds for manufacturing multi-material objects. In multi-stage molding process, the desired multi-material object is produced by carrying out multiple molding operations in a sequence, adding one material in the target object in each mold-stage. We model multi-material objects as an assembly of single-material components. Each mold-stage can only add one type of material. Therefore, we need a sequence of mold-stages such that (1) each mold-stage only adds one single-material component either fully or partially, and (2) the molding sequence completely produces the desired object. In order to find a feasible mold-stage sequence, our algorithm decomposes the multi-material object into a number of homogeneous components to find a feasible sequence of homogeneous components that can be added in sequence to produce the desired multi-material object. Our algorithm starts with the final object assembly and considers removing one component either completely or partially from the object one-at-a-time such that it results in the previous state of the object assembly. If the component can be removed from the target object leaving the previous state of the object assembly a connected solid then we consider such decomposition a valid step in the stage sequence. This step is recursively repeated on new states of the object assembly, until the object assembly reaches a state where it only consists of one component. When an object-decomposition has been found that leads to a feasible stage sequence, the gross mold for each stage is computed and decomposed into two or more pieces to facilitate the molding operation. We expect that our algorithm will provide the necessary foundations for automating the design of multi-stage molds and therefore will help in significantly reducing the mold design lead-time for multi-stage molds. DTIC Algorithms; Manufacturing 20060049002 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Demonstration of a Microfabricated High-Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings Frechette, Luc G; Jacobson, Stuart A; Breuer, Kenneth S; Ehrich, Fredric F; Ghodssi, Reza; Khanna, Ravi; Wong, Chee W; Zhang, Xin; Schmidt, Martin A; Epstein, Alan H; Jun 8, 2000; 6 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-95-1-0093; DAAG55-98-1-0365 Report No.(s): AD-A453886; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy A single-crystal silicon air turbine supported on gas lubricated bearings has been operated in a controlled and sustained manner at rotational speeds greater then I nullion rpm and power levels approaching 5 W. The device is a second-generation version of the microbearing rig first reported by Lin et al. [I], and is the first raicromachine to operate at circumferential tip speeds of hundreds of meters per second, comparable to conventional scale turbomachinery. To achieve this level of peripheral speed, microfabricated rotors must withstand large induced stresses, need a sufficient power source to drive them, and require stable, low friction bearings for support. This paper focuses on process improvements in the niicrobearing device fabrication and on the advances in operating micro-gas bearings and micro- turbomachinery. The successful operation of this device motivates the use of this technology for high-power density MEMS. DTIC Gas Bearings; High Speed; Turbines 20060049125 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Continued Investigation of Leakage and Power Loss Test Results for Competing Turbine Engine Seals Delgado, Irebert R.; Proctor, Margaret P.; September 2006; 21 pp.; In English; 42nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 561581.02.08.03.04.02 Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214420; ARL-MR-0643; AIAA Paper 2006-4754; E-15638; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049125; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Secondary seal leakage in jet engine applications results in power losses to the engine cycle. Likewise, seal power loss in jet engines not only result in efficiency loss but also increase the heat input into the engine resulting in reduced component lives. Experimental work on labyrinth and annular seals was performed at NASA Glenn Research Center to quantify seal leakage and power loss at various temperatures, seal pressure differentials, and surface speeds. Data from annular and labyrinth seals are compared with previous brush and finger seal test results. Data are also compared to literature. Annular and labyrinth 161

seal leakage rates are 2 to 3 times greater than brush and finger seal rates. Seal leakage decreases with increasing speed but increases with increasing test temperature due to thermal expansion mismatch. Also seal power loss increases with surface speed, seal pressure differential, mass flow rate, and radial clearance. Annular and labyrinth seal power losses were higher than those of brush or finger seal data. The brush seal power loss was 15 to 30 percent lower than annular and labyrinth seal power loss. Author Labyrinth Seals; Leakage; Turbine Engines; Brush Seals; Mass Flow Rate; Pressure; Thermal Expansion 20060049296 New Orleans Univ., LA USA Soviet Technique for Estimating Post-Welded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Birman, V; Latorre, R; Aug 1987; 13 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454109; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454109; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The hulls of modern ships are almost entirely welded. This makes the prediction of post welded deformations very important. The number of parameters involved in the process of welding are large so the exact mathematical theory for prediction of deformations is unavailable. Some researchers have estimated the postwelded deflections based on empirical and semi-empirical equations. The growing literature on the study of postwelded deflections of hull plates enables the estimation of these deflections based on the plate geometry and the plate material. The limited number of critical parameters covered by these experiments makes it difficult to systematically organize the data. This has delayed the introduction of a framework for estimating the influence on the plate deflection from welding speed, current, number of passes, welding rod size and material, etc. The approach adopted in the Soviet Union was to develop an integrated framework to include the critical welding parameters. The main results from this approach were published in several books, with the main reference being a book by Kuzminov published in 1974. From the standpoint of Ship Production it is useful to understand this Russian approach as well as to give examples of its use. Therefore this paper: 1 Introduces the Russian procedure for calculation of deflection due to butt welding; 2 Presents the graphical aids used in this procedure; 3 Presents a worked example using this procedure for a butt welded plate. DTIC Butt Joints; Estimating; Marine Technology; Ships; Welding 20060049297 Deutsch Metal Components, Los Angeles, CA USA A Planning Guide - New Technologies in Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Burda, L; Kelley, D; Aug 1987; 17 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454110; NSRP-0281; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454110; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In the past few years. methods of joining pipe together have been introduced to supplement and. in some cases replace, both the traditional welded and the brazed pipe fitting. It is necessary to examine what is available. and to justify its place and application in the marine market. This paper intends to examine the Swage Marine Fitting (SMF) and the Heat Recoverable Coupling (HRC) and, briefly. the Compression and the bite type fit- tings. we will look at them from economic, performance, and environment all standpoints. In the case of the SMF and HRC fittings, technical papers on the usage of each fitting and its constraints have been presented. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate them together and incorporate them into an overall piping system. In addition. the two primary guides for piping on military ships will be examined. These will be used to place the SMF and HRC into correct perspective, and to make recommendations for further applications. Comments will also be offered on the testing method and the results gained. Graphs are provided to illustrate the economic advantage of the SMF application. DTIC Fabrication; Marine Technology; Pipes (Tubes); Ships 20060049298 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Novel Techniques and Their Applications for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of Welded Structures (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Masubuchi, Koichi; Luebke, William H; Itoh, Hiroshi; Aug 1987; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454111; NSRP-0281; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454111; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 162

Whether or not a certain amount of planar distortion is critical, a point of consistency in the ship fabrication process is the need to accurately assess an existing degree of distortion in both local and global domains. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, three novel measurement devices have been developed as an adjunct to ongoing research. Distortion can now he evaluated either through laser interferometry, low-power laser beam triangulation, or direct surface contact. In addition to describing the operation and construction of the devices, their particular applications from a ship production/plate forming perspective are detailed. DTIC Alignment; Distortion; Marine Technology; Ships; Welded Structures; Welding 20060049313 Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, VA USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measurement of Shipboard Piping Using a Portable Coordinate Measuring Machine (PCMM) DeFoor, James E; Sep 1992; 11 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454170; NSRP-0383; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454170; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper describes available technology for a Portable Coordinate Measuring Machine (PCMM) which can be hand carried onboard naval vessels. The PCMM can perform measurements in confined spaces throughout a vessel on pipes, tubes and assemblies, as well as their end fittings and support devices. Al though portable, the PCMM can also be used in a stationary position for repetitive measurements. fit reduces the chance for leaks and equipment failure due to leaks. Hence, correct and accurate pipe measurements for pipe bending can reduce rework and cost. Present Measurement Method The PCMM is composed of four major components: an articulated six-axis digitizing arm, control unit, contact and non- contact probes, and tube and surface three-dimensional measurement software. The PCMM arm, lightly constructed, duplicates the articulation and reach of the human arm elements (shoulder, elbow, and wrist). various contact and non-contact measuring probes attach easily to the wrist of the machine. The following is a brief description of a typical manual method for measuring pipe aboard a naval vessel by naval shipyard personnel. Although there are many major elements involved in replacement of shipboard pipe (i.e.. measuring, templating, cutting, end prepping. bending, fitting-up, purging, and welding), this paper deals only with measurements and how the measurements are used to bend pipe. The PCMM control unit performs all the necessary mathematical and geometric calculations without the use of external computers or templates. It also contains sufficient data memory so that the operator is able to measure and Inspect geometric features such as points, lines, planes, arcs, circles, spheres, and cylinders, as well as defined surfaces along lofting lines, and complex surfaces at coordinate points. DTIC Conferences; Marine Technology; Measuring Instruments; Pipes (Tubes); Portable Equipment; Ships 20060049372 Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., VA USA Tracking System for Automatic Welding. Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip Life for Through-the-Arc Welding System Howser, Ben; Tanner, Mark; Feb 1988; 29 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454327; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454327; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In Phase I of this project, an automatic seam tracking/adaptive control welding system, the M1000, was evaluated and weld-tested using the high heat, pulsed gas metal arc welding process. Phase I concluded with the finding that thru-the-arc seam tracking with computer control and adjustment of welding parameters was a viable technology. Potential savings in welding time would he possible if further development of hardware and computer software were achieved to more fully realize the potential of the system. Needed improvement in consistency of system response to changing conditions in the weld were recognized. It was determined that the most efficient utilization of available funds was support of development of weld head contact tips, which could function over longer periods of continuous welding without need for replacement due to wear. That objective became the primary focus of Phase II, the results of which are the subject of this report. The work reported involved the testing of the best identifiable candidate materials for improving contact-tip life. The material that provided the best results was the Series S, KWMA, Class 3 electrode material. It resulted in continuous running time of 99.8 minutes, significantly better than the 70 minutes minimum that was targeted. Another finding was that contact-tip life can he improved up to 77% by using an adaptive welding power supply which automatically compensates for varying contact-tip conditions. DTIC Arc Welding; Marine Technology; Ships; Welding 163

20060049375 Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Vandetverldt, Hans H; Johnston, Sterling; Jones, Jerald E; White, Dawn; Cleveland, B; Sep 1989; 25 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454332; NSRP-0310; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454332; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Construction of a large ship requires many thousands of feet of welding. Whenever the welding process can be streamlined or automated, tremendous cost savings can be obtained. The WELDEXCELL system is a WELDing EXpert manufacturing CELL that provides computerized technical support information, off-line weld planning, and an integrated welding robot/welding system/vision system controller. The first of two subsystems, the Welding Job Planner (WJP) accomplishes off-line intelligent weld planning for both automated and manual welding processes. The second subsystem, the Welding Job Controller (WJC) provides a fully integrated hardware control environment with associated software for combined control of a welding robot, welding equipment and a robotic vision system. In the WELDEXCELL system, a series of expert systems and databases have been combined in a new type of computer software environment called a blackboard. There are as many as 19 separate components of the Welding Job Planner subsystem of WELDEXCELL which fall into five interrelated functional groups. WELDEXCELL will be used by design engineers, welding engineers, mechanical engineers, and NDT engineers for both manual welding and to interface to automated and robotic welding systems and vision systems. WELDEXCELL also includes the control system hardware and software to provide off-line intelligent adaptive control of the welding process itself. The development of WELDEXCELL is a multi-year effort involving a partnership of government, industry, university research, and technology transfer. The project has already generated new concepts with potential for future spin-off benefits. The ultimate payback in productivity will be large for the American welding, fabrication, manufacturing, and construction industries. DTIC Computer Aided Manufacturing; Data Bases; Expert Systems; Marine Technology; Ships; Welding 20060049574 Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., VA USA Automatic Submerged ARC Welding With Metal Power Additions to Increase Productivity and Maintain Quality Thomas, Phillip D; Craig, L A; Jun 1986; 149 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MA-80-SAC-01041 Report No.(s): AD-A454576; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy This paper presents the results of an SP-7 Welding Panel research and development project recently completed by Newport News Shipbuilding. The focus of this project was directed toward the evaluation, testing, and qualification of Automatic Submerged Arc Welding (SAW-AU) with metal powder additions for shipyard use. Metal powder additions provide an increase in deposition rate (pounds of weld metal deposited per hour) without an accompanying increase in heat input (kilojoules per inch) , and also provides a finer heat affected zone grain structure and narrower heat affected zone than conventional SAW-AU. Higher deposition rates, when obtained by higher heat input, can degrade the mechanical properties of the weld and adjacent base metal. Metal powder additions can produce quality welds with lower actual heat input joining either mild steel or quenched and tempered steel (HY-80) , in substantially reduced time. The project consisted of both carbon steel and HY-80 test weldments using one-sided, double-bevel, and fillet joint designs at several heat inputs and powder-to-wire ratios. Nondestructive testing included magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and radiographic inspections. Destructive testing included tensiles, Charpy V-retch impacts, dynamic tear impacts, side bends, hardness surveys, and explosion testing. It is concluded that controlled metal powder additions are indeed a production concept that can reduce shipbuilding costs through increased deposition rates and reduced constables costs while, at the same time, maintaining or improving quality. DTIC Arc Welding; Marine Technology; Productivity; Ships 20060049576 Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., VA USA Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Castings (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Thomas, Phillip D; Aug 1986; 169 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MA-80-SAC-01041 Report No.(s): AD-A454580; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A08, Hardcopy This paper presents the results of an SP-7 Welding Panel research and development project recently completed by Newport News Shipbuilding. The focus of this project was directed toward the development, testing and qualification of 164

consumable guide Slectroslag Welding of carbon steel castings from 4 to 24 inches in thickness. Consumable guide Electroslag Welding is a high deposition rate welding process that is ideally suited for use on thick members. This process has increased resistance to hot cracking, porosity, and underhead cracking, and results in minimal angular distortion. Joint preparation and fitup requirements are simplified and result in high quality weld deposits. The project consisted of cast carbon steel (MIL-S-l5083 Grade B) weldments ranging from 4 to 24 inches thick. Nondestructive testing included magnetic particle and radiographic inspection. Destructive testing included tensiles, Charpy V-notch impacts, and side bends. It is concluded that the use of consumable quide Electroslag Welding is an efficient process for joining thick carbon steel castings when postweld heat treatment can be used to achieve acceptable mechanical properties. Deposition rates of up to 85 lbs/hr can be achieved. DTIC Carbon Steels; Castings; Electroslag Welding; Marine Technology; Ships 20060049864 National Renewable Energy Lab., Westerville, OH USA Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For Indoor Environmental Quality and Security Slayzak, Steven; Blake, Dan; Ryan, Joe; Vinzant, Todd; Nov 19, 2003; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454996; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The goal of this work is to produce regenerable CBR filters based on innovative liquid desiccant dehumidifiers. Regenerable filters are an area of technical need. The proposed concept has the potential to advance the state-of-the-art in CBR filtration and should, at a minimum, drastically extend the service lives of HEPA/carbon systems. Conceptually, agent knockdown by electrostatic precipitation (ESP) or sorption addresses the immediate threat, and deactivation occurs over time in the liquid sump. These next generation air conditioners can use engine heat to regenerate the desiccant, are mass-manufacturable, lowmaintenance, and proven highly effective. This new conditioner design shows great promise for widespread use against a broad spectrum of airborne contaminants including CBR agents. DTIC Air Conditioning Equipment; Dehumidification; Desiccants; Environmental Quality; Security 20060050048 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation Howard, David E., Inventor; Alhorn, Dean C., Inventor; Smith, Dennis A., Inventor; Dutton, Kenneth R., Inventor; Paulson, Mitchell Scott, Inventor; July 25, 2006; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 21 May 2004; US-Patent-7,081,730; US-Patent-Appl-SN-857375; NASA-Case-MFS-31529-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050048; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy A motor controller system uses a rotary sensor with a plurality of signal conditioning units, coupled to the rotary sensor. Each of these units, which is associated with a particular range of motor output shaft rotation rates, generate a feedback signal indicative of the position of the motor s output shaft. A controller (i) converts a selected motor output shaft rotation rate to a corresponding incremental amount of rotational movement for a selected fixed time period, (ii) selects, at periodic completions of the selected fixed time period, the feedback signal from one of the signal conditioning units for which the particular range of motor output shaft rotation rates associated therewith encompasses the selected motor output shaft rotation rate, and (iii) generates a motor drive signal based on a difference between the incremental amount of rotational movement and the feedback signal from the selected one of the signal conditioning Units. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Shafts (Machine Elements); Controllers; Dynamic Range; Rotating Shafts; Signal Processing 20060050057 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Interrupt-based Phase-locked Frequency Multiplier Palumbo, Daniel L., Inventor; July 04, 2006; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 17 Sep. 2004; US-Patent-7,071,741; US-Patent-Appl-SN-943825; NASA-Case-LAR-16134-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050057; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy A method aud system utilize a processor’s digital timer and two interrupts to form a frequency multiplier. The first internipt’s processing time window is definable by a first uumber of counts C(sub 1), of the digital timer while the second interrupt’s processing time window is definable by a second number of counts C(sub 2) of the digital timer. A count value CV utilized by the systedmethod is based on a desired frequency multiplier N(sub 1), the timer clock rate, and the tiole required for one cycle of an input signal. The first interrupt is triggered upon completion of one cycle ofthe input sigual at which point the processing time window associated therewith begins. The second interrupt is triggered each time the timer’s overflow 165

signal is generated at which point the processing time window associated with the second interrupt begins. During the occurrence of the second interrupt’s processing. the count value CV is modified to maintain the first interrupt’s processing time window approximately centered between two of the second internipt’s processing time windows. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Frequency Multipliers; Phase Locked Systems; Interruption; Pulse Communication 20060050060 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Global Radius of Curvature Estimation and Control System for Segmented Mirrors Rakoczy, John M., Inventor; May 23, 2006; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 6 Aug. 2003; US-Patent-7,050,161; US-Patent-Appl-SN-637085; NASA-Case-MFS-31807-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050060; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy An apparatus controls positions of plural mirror segments in a segmented mirror with an edge sensor system and a controller. Current mirror segment edge sensor measurements and edge sensor reference measurements are compared with calculated edge sensor bias measurements representing a global radius of curvature. Accumulated prior actuator commands output from an edge sensor control unit are combined with an estimator matrix to form the edge sensor bias measurements. An optimal control matrix unit then accumulates the plurality of edge sensor error signals calculated by the summation unit and outputs the corresponding plurality of actuator commands. The plural mirror actuators respond to the actuator commands by moving respective positions of the mixor segments. A predetermined number of boundary conditions, corresponding to a plurality of hexagonal mirror locations, are removed to afford mathematical matrix calculation. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Segmented Mirrors; Control Equipment; Curvature; Radii; Estimating 20060050224 Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, OH USA An Analysis of Weight Change in Filters Reilly, Matthew; Fultz, George; Gschwender, Lois; Aug 2006; 18 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-02-2-5800;; F33615-00-D-5021; Proj-M06R Report No.(s): AD-A454982; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Due to recent repeatability problems with the gravimetric analysis procedure used for military conformance testing of military specification hydraulic fluids, an in-depth investigation was undertaken to evaluate possible sources of error. Many sources of weight change exist, including particulate and water accumulation from air, buildup of static electricity causing interference with the metal microbalance pan, and removal of extractables from filters during testing. Various procedures and filter types were investigated. Results show that the current testing procedures have several key shortcomings, and that the filters allowed for use in military conformance testing are incapable of delivering the required accuracy. By combining the application of slightly modified existing procedures with different filter materials, the required accuracy was achieved. DTIC Filtration; Quantitative Analysis; Microbalances; Specifications 38 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND RELIABILITY Includes approaches to, and methods for reliability analysis and control, quality control, inspection, maintainability, and standardization.

20060049991 Politecnico di Turin, Turin, Italy Quality Education and ‘Quality Papers’ Galetto, F.; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 22 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Attending seminars, Conferences, looking at ‘television lessons’ the author saw many times many people (often Professors) that did not know the matter they were talking about. Nevertheless they write papers, suggest books to students, provide lessons, make consultancy. Visiting Companies the author saw many times many Companies lacking Quality of Management, a huge problem against Quality achievement. To overcome this paramount drawback there is a MUST: Quality Education on Quality for Managers (particularly future Managers, now Students in Higher Education). For Higher Education Institutions, this means that professors MUST teach, in a correct and scientific way, Quality ideas on Quality. To be real Managers, Management need to grow-up their knowledge because experience alone, without theory, teaches nothing what to 166

do to make Quality. For Higher Education Institutions, this means that professors MUST learn Quality ideas on Quality Management, in a correct and scientific way. In the paper, as already done several times, we present some new cases (out of the hundreds known to the author) where professors were acting with disquality. Would that be useful? Author Education; Conferences; Quality Control

39 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS Includes structural element design, analysis and testing; dynamic responses of structures; weight analysis; fatigue and other structural properties; and mechanical and thermal stresses in structures. For applications see 05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance; and 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.

20060048509 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of International Space Station Pressure Wall Welds Allen, Phillip A.; [2006]; 21 pp.; In English; MSFC Technology Expo, 24 Aug. 2006, Huntsville, AL, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048509; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy EM20/MSFC has sponsored technology in the area of advanced damage tolerance analysis tools used to analyze the International Space Station (ISS) pressure wall welds. The ISS European modules did not receive non-destructive evaluation (NDE) inspection after proof test. In final assembly configuration, most welds could only be inspected from one side, and some welds were uninspectible. Therefore, advanced damage tolerance analysis was required to determine the critical initial flaw sizes and predicted safe life for the pressure wall welds. EM20 sponsored the development of a new finite element tools using FEA-Crack and WARP3D to solve the problem. This presentation gives a brief overview of the new analytical tools and the analysis results. Author Damage; International Space Station; Welded Joints; Walls; Tolerances (Mechanics) 20060048928 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA The Interagency Security Committee and Security Standards for Federal Buildings Smith, Stephanie; Apr 22, 2005; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453697; CRS-RS22121; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The Federal Government owns or leases 3.4 billion square feet of space in 491,465 buildings which may be vulnerable to acts of terrorism and other forms of violence. The Interagency Security Committee (ISC) was created by Executive Order 12977 in 1995, following the domestic terrorist bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, OK, to address the quality and effectiveness of physical security requirements for federal facilities. The September 2001 terrorist attacks on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center renewed concerns about the vulnerability of federal buildings to bombing or other forms of attack. On February 28, 2003, the chairmanship of the ISC was transferred to the Secretary of Homeland Security from the Administrator of General Services by Executive Order 13286. In July 2004, based on Homeland Security Presidential Directive/HSPD-7, the ISC began reviewing federal agencies’ physical security plans to better protect the nation’s critical infrastructure and key resources. The ISC issued its updated Security Design Criteria on September 29, 2004, which set forth enhanced physical security requirements for the construction of new federal buildings as well as for major renovations of existing buildings. This report will be updated to reflect any policy changes in security standards for federal facilities. DTIC Buildings; Regulations; Requirements; Security; Terrorism; United States 20060048930 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Homeland Security Grant Formulas: A Comparison of Formula Provisions in S. 21 and H.R. 1544, 109th Congress Reese, Shawn; May 13, 2005; 22 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453700; CRS-RS-22121; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In FY2005, Congress appropriated $3.6 billion for state and local homeland security assistance programs. These homeland security assistance programs include the: State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP); Urban Area Security 167

Initiative (UASI); Law Enforcement Terrorism Prevention Program (LETPP); Citizen Corps Programs (CCP); Assistance to Firefighters (FIRE); and Emergency Management Performance Grants. DTIC Buildings; Security 20060049063 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Vehicle Structure Concepts for Mass Optimization Mukhopadhyay, Vivek; [2006]; 13 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 581-02-07 Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2006-7126; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049063; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Parametric solid and surface models of the crew exploration vehicle (CEV) command module (CM) structure concepts are developed for rapid finite element analyses, structural sizing and estimation of optimal structural mass. The effects of the structural configuration and critical design parameters on the stress distribution are visualized, examined to arrive at an efficient design. The CM structural components consisted of the outer heat shield, inner pressurized crew cabin, ring bulkhead and spars. For this study only the internal cabin pressure load case is considered. Component stress, deflection, margins of safety and mass are used as design goodness criteria. The design scenario is explored by changing the component thickness parameters and materials until an acceptable design is achieved. Aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and an advanced composite material properties are considered for the stress analysis and the results are compared as a part of lessons learned and to build up a structural component sizing knowledge base for the future CEV technology support. This independent structural analysis and the design scenario based optimization process may also facilitate better CM structural definition and rapid prototyping. Author Command Modules; Mathematical Models; Crew Exploration Vehicle; Optimization; Structural Analysis; Mechanical Properties 20060049768 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Terrorism and its Impact on the Construction Industry Kosnick, Scott; May 2005; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454873; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper focuses on the impact that the 9/11 terrorist attacks have had on the U.S. construction industry. The paper breaks the construction project life cycle down into three phases -- Initiation, Design, and Procurement/Construction -- and examines the impact the attacks have had on each one. In terms of the Initiation Phase of construction, the attacks have had an impact on the kinds of projects that are being funded today. For example, the workloads of certain sectors of the construction industry, such as force protection, have increased exponentially since 9/11. Another impact to this phase is how contracts are now structured to protect the interests of certain contractual parties. With regard to the Design Phase, the author reviews changes that are being incorporated into building design to help mitigate the effects of a terrorist attack. Features that were once considered too costly to incorporate into a design are now being included. Many new projects are including design modifications to increase the survivability of building residents. Both public and private organizations are feeling the need to protect their workers. The Procurement/Construction Phase also has seen changes as a result of 9/11. In the Federal Government there was immediate action to improve the security surrounding federal facilities. The fastest way to accomplish this was to bypass the more traditional procurement approaches and to instead use procurement strategies that allowed projects to be fast-tracked, such as design-build. A result of this was a sharp increase in secured construction, which brought about the need for more contractors to have the capability to perform secured facility construction. DTIC Construction; Construction Industry; Design Analysis; Industries; Terrorism 42 GEOSCIENCES (GENERAL) Includes general research topics related to the Earth sciences, and the specific areas of petrology, mineralogy, and general geology. For other specific topics in geosciences see categories 42 through 48.

20060048276 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Fossil Microorganisms in Archaean Astafleva, Marina; Hoover, Richard; Rozanov, Alexei; Vrevskiy, A.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; SPIE Optics and Photonics 168

Symposium 2006: Instruments Methods and Missions for Astrobiology IX, 13-17 Aug. 2006, San Diego, CA, USA; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only Ancient Archean and Proterozoic rocks are the model objects for investigation of rocks comprising astromaterials. The first of Archean fossil microorganisms from Baltic shield have been reported at the last SPIE Conference in 2005. Since this confeence biomorphic structures have been revealed in Archean rocks of Karelia. It was determined that there are 3 types of such bion structures: 1. structures found in situ, in other words microorganisms even-aged with rock matrix, that is real Archean fossils biomorphic structures, that is to say forms inhabited early formed rocks, and 3. younger than ArcheanProtherozoic minerali microorganisms, that is later contamination. We made attempt to differentiate these 3 types of findings and tried to understand of burial of microorganisms. The structures belongs (from our point of view) to the first type, or real Archean, forms were under examination. Practical investigation of ancient microorganisms from Green-Stone-Belt of Northern Karelia turns to be very perspective. It shows that even in such ancient time as Archean ancient diverse world existed. Moreover probably such relatively highly organized cyanobacteria and perhaps eukaryotic formes existed in Archean world. Author Fossils; Microorganisms; Precambrian Period; Rocks; Geology 43 EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING Includes remote sensing of earth features, phenomena and resources by aircraft, balloon, rocket, and spacecraft; analysis of remote sensing data and imagery; development of remote sensing products; photogrammetry; and aerial photography. For related instrumentation see 35 Instrumentation and Photography.

20060048736 Maryland Univ., Baltimore, MD USA A Comparative Study for Orthogonal Subspace Projection and Constrained Energy Minimization Du, Qian; Ren, Hsuan; Chang, Chein-I; Jun 2003; 6 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453412; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453412; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In this letter, we conduct a comparative study and investigate the relationship between two well-known techniques in hyperspectral image detection and classification: orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) and constrained energy minimization (CEM). It is shown that they are closely related and essentially equivalent provided that the noise is white with large SNR. Based on this relationship, the performance of OSP can be improved via data-whitening and noise-whitening processes. DTIC Image Processing; Imagery; Optimization 20060048741 North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill, NC USA Efficient and Robust Numerical Modeling of Variably Saturated Flow in Layered Porous Media Miller, C T; Williams, G A; Jan 1998; 10 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DACA39-95-K-0098; DAAL03-92-G-0111 Report No.(s): AD-A453442; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453442; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We extend our recent work on higher-order time integration of Richards equation to layered heterogeneous porous media, using a differential-algebraic-equation-based method of lines (DAE/MOL) approach. We show that the DAE/MOL approach is robust and efficient compared to standard low-order time integration methods for heterogeneous media. We also show the advantage of using an integral representation of permeability compared to a standard arithmetic mean for the test problems considered herein. DTIC Flow; Mathematical Models; Porosity 20060048914 Geological Survey, Reston, VA USA Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 Truini, Margot; Macy, J P; Feb 27, 2006; 52 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453626; OPEN-FILE-REPT-2006-1058; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile area of Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona. 169

Availability of water is an important issue in this area because of continued industrial and municipal use, a growing population, and precipitation of about 6 to 14 inches per year. The monitoring program in the Black Mesa area has been operating since 1971 and is designed to determine the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, (5) ground-water chemistry, and (6) periodic testing of ground-water withdrawal meters. In 2004, total ground-water withdrawals were 7,210 acre-feet, industrial withdrawals were 4,370 acre-feet, and municipal withdrawals were 2,840 acre-feet. From 2003 to 2004, total withdrawals decreased by less than 1 percent, industrial withdrawals decreased by 2 percent, and municipal withdrawals increased by 2 percent. From 2004 to 2005, annually measured water levels declined in 6 of 13 wells in the unconfined areas of the aquifer, and the median change was -0.1 foot. Water levels declined in 8 of 12 wells in the confined area of the aquifer, and the median change was -1.2 feet. From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2005, the median water-level change for 33 wells was -9.0 feet. Median water-level changes were -0.6 foot for 16 wells in the unconfined areas and -32.0 feet for 17 wells in the confined area. DTIC Aquifers; Arizona; Ground Water; Mesas; Surface Water; Water 20060048963 Chiba Univ., Chiba, Japan The Polar Sea Ice Cover from Aqua/AMSR-E Nishio, Fumihiko; Comiso, Josefino C; Jul 25, 2005; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453803; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Historical satellite data reveal that among the most remarkable manifestations of changes in the polar regions are the relatively rapid decline of 9 % per decade in the Arctic perennial ice cover and the 7% per decade retreat in the Bellingshaussen/Amundsen Seas ice cover in the Antarctic. The launch of the Advanced Multichannel Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on board the EOS-Aqua satellite in 2002 has enabled the study the polar ice cover in greater detail and the evaluation of the accuracy and consistency of historical satellite data. The AMSR-E system has higher resolution and larger spectral range thereby providing ability to better assess the spatial distribution of different ice types in the marginal ice zones, the sizes and characteristics of sensible and latent heat polynyas, and the extent of ridging and divergence within the ice pack. Comparative analysis reveals that the sea ice data derived from AMSR-E are coherent and consistent with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data on board the same satellite, especially when the 5-km resolution 89 GHz data are used. During the periods of overlapping coverage, the AMSR-E data are also shown to provide basically the same spatial and temporal variability as those from the Special Scanning Microwave Imager (SSM/I) which has been the key source of sea ice data since 1987. Quantitative comparative studies using AMSR-E and SSM/I data also reveal a clear indication of the advantage of the former in consistently identifying the 10-15% ice edge and in quantifying the regional and global sea ice extents. This is reflected in the calculation for the trend in ice extent when AMSR-E data is used instead of SSM/I data. However, the difference is within error and the estimate for the trend in ice area is in good agreement. DTIC Polar Regions; Radiometers; Sea Ice 20060048964 Extremadura Univ., Spain Automated Selection of Results in Hierarchical Segmentations of Remotely Sensed Hyperspectral Images Plaza, Antonio J; Tilton, James C; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453804; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy The hierarchical image segmentation (HSEG) algorithm is a hybrid of hierarchical step-wise optimization and constrained spectral clustering. Unlike most other segmentation approaches, HSEG produces a hierarchical set of image segmentations. A single segmentation level can be selected out of the segmentation hierarchy by examining how the features or individual regions change throughout the different levels of detail. Subsequently, the selection of a single segmentation result for each region can effectively transform the segmentation hierarchy into a region-adaptive segmentation approach. The above task has previously been accomplished using supervised and time-consuming procedures. This paper presents a first step towards the automation of this process, where spatial, spectral and joint spectral/spatial features are used to investigate how regions change from one hierarchical level to the next for region identification in remotely sensed hyperspectral data sets. Comparative results are presented using Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data collected over the Salinas Valley in California. DTIC Imagery; Remote Sensing 170

20060049076 Academia Sinica, Lanzhou, China Encapsulation Application Research of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Environment Feng, Min; Shang, Qingsheng; Guo, Jianwen; Ge, Yingchun; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453606; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy The GIS and Digital Roadbed System of the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad is developed in the .Net environment and designed to store and to manage the information along the Qinghai-Tibet railroad which is 1118km long and is constructed in the regions more than 4000m high Spatial data Management plays a very important role in this GIS, and ArcSDE was selected to implement the management of mass spatial data. How to connect ArcSDE and exchange vector and raster spatial data in this system is a key technique. There are three approaches, which are recommended officially, can be used for client to connect ArcSDE, but none of them can meet the needs of spatial information storage and management in the GIS and Digital Roadbed System of the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad. This paper explained a solution of encapsulating the ArcSDE Client API for C programmers into the form of Net managed code with C++ programming language The final program not only provides a solution to resolve the problem of spatial data management_but also bring forward a flexible interface which followed the principle of OOP. DTIC Data Base Management Systems; Data Management; Digital Systems; Encapsulating; Geographic Information Systems; Rail Transportation 20060049280 Geological Survey, Reston, VA USA Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Belknap County, New Hampshire Flynn, Robert H; Jan 2006; 66 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454062; OPEN FILE REPORT 2006-1201; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454062; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New Hampshire/Vermont Water Science Center for scoping of flood-hazard mapping needs for Belknap County, New Hampshire, under Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Inter-Agency agreement Number HSFE01-05X-0018. FEMA is embarking on a map modernization program nationwide to: 1. Gather and develop updated data for all flood prone areas in support of flood plain management. 2. Provide maps and data in a digital format for the improvement in the efficiency and precision of the mapping program. 3. Integrate FEMA’s community and state partners into the mapping process. One of the priorities for FEMA, Region 1, is to develop updated Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRMs) and Flood Insurance Studies (FIS) for Belknap County, New Hampshire. The information provided in this report will be used to develop the scope for the first phase of a multi year project that will ultimately result in the production of new DFIRMs and FIS for the communities and flooding sources in Belknap County. As of 2006, the average age of the FEMA flood plain maps in Belknap County, New Hampshire is 19.9 years. Most of these studies were computed in the late 1970s to the late 1980s. However, in the ensuing 20 30 years, development has occurred in many of the watersheds, and the rivers and streams and their flood plains have changed as a result. In addition, as development has occurred, peak flooding has increased downstream of the development from increased flows across impervious surfaces. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions nor accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights. Belknap County gained 5,222 residents between 2000 and 2005. This represents a growth of 9.3 percent compared to 6.0 percent for the state as a whole. Belknap County ranks first (from highest to lowest) out of New Hampshire’s 10 counties in terms of rate of population increase. DTIC Flood Plains; Hazards; Mapping; New Hampshire; Risk; Rivers 20060049311 Zel Technologies, LLC, Hampton, VA USA A Combined Foam-Spray Model for Ocean Microwave Radiometry Raizer, Victor; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454165; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454165; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Passive microwave emissions from oceanic dispersed media are considered. The spray is modeled by the aggregates of spherical water droplets, and the foam is represented by a macroscopic system of hollow spherical water shells. Dielectric properties of foam and scattering-absorption characteristics of spray are incorporated through the boundary reflection coefficient and the radiative transfer equation. The model provides spectral band-to-band dependencies of the emission in a wide range of wavelengths from 0.3 to 8 cm for different foam-spray parameters. In particular, spray located over water or foam surfaces may cause positive as well as negative brightness temperature contrasts (the so-called cooling effect ). At certain 171

conditions, such sign-variable signatures can be registered by a multi-channel microwave radiometer. The modeling is intended for advanced remote sensing studies including monitoring of high wind situations, determination of air-sea fluxes and evaporation, detection of two-phase patterns in the oceans, and also for retrieval purposes. DTIC Foams; Mathematical Models; Microwave Radiometers; Ocean Surface; Oceans; Sprayers 20060049324 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of Coastal Inlet Navigation Channels Whitmeyer, Shelley J; FitzGerald, Duncan; Aug 2006; 33 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454191; ERDC/CHL-CHETN-IV-89; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454191; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Large bed forms, such as dunes or sand waves, can pose a navigation hazard for inlet channels (Pope 2000). Understanding the conditions causing their formation can be an aid in navigation channel management. This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineer Technical Note (CHETN) is concerned with large bed forms that chronically or periodically encroach on the authorized navigation depth. Smaller bed forms have been observed in many (perhaps most) other inlets, but because they do not hinder navigation, they are not discussed in this CHETN. Navigation channels with reported sand waves include the Columbia River, WA/OR; East Pass, Panama City, Fort Pierce, and St. Mary’s Entrance, FL; Merrimack River, MA, and Kennebec River, ME. This technical note discusses the characteristics of the bed forms found in those areas and conditions responsible for their development. DTIC Coasts; Dunes; Navigation; Sands 20060049637 Todd Shipyards Corp., Seattle, WA USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of Distributive Systems Models. Phase 1 Kenefick, John F; Chirillo, L D; Aug 1978; 169 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454676; NSRP-0075; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A08, Hardcopy This project is a natural outgrowth of the Todd/MarAd sponsored project ‘Photogrammetry in Shipbuilding’ which was very successfully concluded in 1976 with a report bearing the same title. In that earlier work it was demonstrated that photogrammetry can produce very reliable dimensions of an object from photographs. Five shipyards subsequently contracted for photogrammetric surveys of large structures, attesting to the productivity of the method. One of the demonstrations conducted during the earlier project produced an accurate arrangement drawing of steam systems from photographs of a portion of a machinery space model. Put, it was concluded that it would be more productive to produce dimensions from such models in digital rather than graphical form. In digital form the dimensional data could be readily manipulated for direct input to existing or developing computer-aided piping design programs. In substance, photogrammetry was seen as a logical link between design modeling of distributive systems and computer-aided piping design programs. DTIC Marine Technology; Photogrammetry; Ships 20060049796 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Gulf Stream Temperature, Salinity and Transport During the Last Millennium Lund, David C; Feb 2006; 254 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): OCE-0096469 Report No.(s): AD-A454903; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A12, Hardcopy Benthic and planktonic foraminiferal delta (exp 18) oxygen (delta(exp 18)Oxygen(sub c) from a suite of well-dated, high-resolution cores spanning the depth and width of the Straits of Florida indicate Gulf Stream vertical current shear was anomalously low during the Little Ice Age (LIA: 1200-1850 A.D.). Assuming a constant level of no motion, the foraminiferal data imply transport was 2-3 Sv lower during the LIA than today. The timing of reduced flow is consistent with cold conditions in Northern Hemisphere paleoclimate archives, implicating Gulf Stream heat transport in centennial-scale climate variability of the last 1,000 years. The oxygen isotopic composition of Florida Current surface water ((delta(exp 18)Oxygen (sub w) near Dry Tortugas increased 0.4%o during the course of the Little Ice Age (LIA: -1200-1850 A.D.), equivalent to a salinity increase of 0.8-1.5 psu. On the Great Bahama Bank, where surface waters are influenced by the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, delta(exp 18) oxygen(sub w) increased by 0.3%o during the last 200 years, a 0.4 to 1 psu increase in salinity. The simplest 172

explanation of the delta(exp 18) Oxygen(sub w) data is southward migration of the Atlantic Hadley circulation during the LIA. Changes in atmospheric 14C paralleled shifts in Dry Tortugas delta(exp 18) Oxygen(sub w), suggesting that variable solar irradiance paced centennial-scale Hadley cell migration and changes in Florida Current salinity. DTIC Gulf Stream; Paleoclimatology; Salinity 20060049801 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Composition Sensitivity to Variations in Source and Process Standish, Jared J; Feb 2006; 283 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): OCE-99-07630; OCE-01-37325 Report No.(s): AD-A454912; MIT/WHOI-2006-02; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A13, Hardcopy Between 9 deg - 25 deg E on the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge lie two sharply contrasting supersegments. One 630 km long supersegment erupts N-MORB that is progressively enriched in incompatible element concentrations from east to west. The second 400 km long supersegment contains three separate volcanic centers erupting E-MORB and connected by long amagmatic accretionary segments, where mantle is emplaced directly to the seafloor with only scattered N-MORB and E-MORB erupted. Rather than a major break in mantle composition at the discontinuity between the supersegments, this sharp contrast in geometry, physiography, and chemistry reflects ‘source’ versus ‘process’ dominated generation of basalt. Robust along-axis correlation of ridge characteristics (i.e. morphology, upwelling, rate, lithospheric thickness), basalt chemistry, and crustal thickness (estimated from gravity) provides a unique opportunity to compare the influence of spreading geometry and rate on MORB generation. What had not been well established until now is the importance of melting processes rather than source at spreading rates \h 20 mm/yr. Along the orthogonally spreading supersegement (14 mm/yr) moderate degrees of partial melting effectively sample the bulk mantle source, while on the obliquely spreading supersegment (7-14 mm/yr) suppression of mantle melting to low degrees means that the bulk source is not uniformly sampled, and thus ‘process’ rather than ‘source’ dominated melt chemistry. DTIC Basalt; Marine Chemistry; Ocean Bottom; Oceans; Sensitivity; Spreading 20060050036 NASA Stennis Space Center, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA Verification and Validation of NASA-Supported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) Hall, Calllie; McPherson, Terry; Spiering, Bruce; Brown, Richard; Estep, Lee; Lunde, Bruce; Guest, DeNeice; Navard, Andy; Pagnutti, Mary; Ryan, Robert E.; Spruce, Joseph P.; June 2006; 50 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNS04AB54T Report No.(s): SSTI-2220-0086; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050036; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This report discusses verification and validation (V&V) assessment of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ocean data products contributed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Applied Coherent Technologies (ACT) Corporation to National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration s (NOAA) Near Real Time (NRT) Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS). HABSOS is a maturing decision support tool (DST) used by NOAA and its partners involved with coastal and public health management. Derived from text Algae; Coasts; Remote Sensing; Image Analysis; Evaluation 44 ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION Includes specific energy conversion systems, e.g., fuel cells; and solar, geothermal, windpower, and waterwave conversion systems; energy storage; and traditional power generators. For technologies related to nuclear energy production see 73 Nuclear Physics. For related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power; and 28 Propellants and Fuels.

20060048174 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion During Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon Ready, R. C.; Young, D.; Branz, H. M.; Wang, Q.; Nov. 2005; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882819; NREL/CP-520-38974; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 173

Crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films deposited on low-cost substrates shows potential for solar cell applications. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to study impurity incorporation, hydrogen evolution, and dopant diffusion during the crystallization process. NTIS Amorphous Silicon; Crystallization; Diffusion; Solar Cells; Solid Phases 20060048176 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Recombination at Light-Induced Boron-Oxygen Complexes in Silicon Du, M. H.; Branz, H. M.; Crandall, R. S.; Zhang, S. B.; January 2005; 10 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NREL/CP-590-39021 Report No.(s): DE2006-882818; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) First-principles study of BO2 complex in B-doped Czochralski silicon (Cz-Si) reveals a novel, self-trapping-enhanced carrier recombination mechanism, in sharp contrasts to the standard fixed-level Shockley-Read-Hall theory for carrier recombination. We found that an O2 dimer, distant from any B, would cause only weak carrier recombination under illumination--only enough to drive its diffusion to find B and form the BO2 complexes. Surprisingly, BO2 and O2 produce nearly identical defect gap states. Despite this, recombination at BO2 is substantially faster than that at O2, because the charge state of the latter inhibits hole capture, the key step for such recombination. NTIS Boron; Oxygen; Radiative Recombination; Silicon; Solar Cells 20060048181 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA, California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, USA Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California. Report for May 2005 to April 2006 Stoddard, L.; Abiecunas, J.; O’Connell, R.; Apr. 2006; 72 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881924; NREL/SR-550-39291; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) This study provides a summary assessment of concentrating solar power (CSP) and its potential economic return, energy supply impact, and environmental benefits for the State of California. Emphasis was placed on in-state economic impact in terms of direct and indirect employment created by the manufacture, installation, and operation of CSP plants. The environmental impact of CSP relative to natural gas fueled counterparts was studied. The value of CSP as a hedge against natural gas price increases and volatility was also analyzed. Black & Veatch chose a 100 MW parabolic trough plant with 6 hours of storage as the representative CSP plant to focus the results of the study. Cumulative deployment scenarios of 2,100 MW and 4,000 MW between 2008 and 2020 were assumed. Based on estimates provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), future CSP technology improvements were incorporated into the study by assuming that 150 MW and 200 MW plants would be constructed starting in 2011 and 2015, respectively. The NREL estimates include reduced installed costs over time as a result of technology learning and increased construction efficiency. The levelized cost of electric production was calculated for each CSP plant. NTIS Economics; Electric Power Plants; Solar Cells; Solar Energy Conversion 20060048193 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars Houts, Mike; Porter, Ron; Gaddis, Steve; Van Dyke, Melissa; Martin, Jim; Godfroy, Tom; Bragg-Sitton, Shannon; Garber, Anne; Pearson, Boise; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; The 9th Annual Internaitonal Mars Society Conference, 3-6 Aug. 2006, Washington, DC, USA; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only The colonization of Mars will require abundant energy. One potential energy source is nuclear fission. Terrestrial fission systems are highly developed and have the demonstrated ability to safely produce tremendous amounts of energy. In space, fission systems not only have the potential to safely generate tremendous amounts of energy, but could also potentially be used on missions where alternatives are not practical. Programmatic risks such as cost and schedule are potential concerns with fission surface power (FSP) systems. To be mission enabling, FSP systems must be affordable and programmatic risk must be kept acceptably low to avoid jeopardizing exploration efforts that may rely on FSP. Initial FSP systems on Mars could be ‘workhorse’ units sized to enable the establishment of a Mars base and the early growth of a colony. These systems could be 174

nearly identical to FSP systems used on the moon. The systems could be designed to be safe, reliable, and have low development and recurring costs. Systems could also be designed to fit on relatively small landers. One potential option for an early Mars FSP system would be a 100 kWt class, NaK cooled system analogous to space reactors developed and flown under the U.S. ‘SNAP’ program or those developed and flown by the former Soviet Union (‘BUK’ reactor). The systems could use highly developed fuel and materials. Water and Martian soil could be used to provide shielding. A modern, high-efficiency power conversion subsystem could be used to reduce required reactor thermal power. This, in turn, would reduce fuel burnup and radiation damage .effects by reducing ‘nuclear’ fuels and materials development costs. A realistic, non-nuclear heated and fully integrated technology demonstration unit (TDU) could be used to reduce cost and programmatic uncertainties prior to initiating a flight program. Author Mars Surface; Nuclear Fission; Aerospace Systems; Turbogenerators; Potential Energy; Colonies; Radiation Damage

20060048194 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells: A Laboratory Perspective Ramanathan, K.; Bhattacharya, R.; Contreras, M.; Keane, J. C.; To, B.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882796; NREL/CP-520-38987; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge We present a summary of our work on the preparation of CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) absorbers that has led to fabricating record-efficiency solar cells. The use of the three-stage process in conjunction with composition monitoring facilitates the fabrication of solar cells with efficiencies between 18% and 19.5% for absorber bandgap in the range of 1.1-1.2 eV. We describe our recent results in reducing absorber thickness and low-temperature deposition. Our preliminary results on absorbers grown from low-purity source materials show promise of reducing the cost of fabricating the absorber. NTIS Solar Cells; Thin Films

20060048196 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Small PV Systems Performance Evaluation at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method Adelstein, J.; Sekulic, W.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882794; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The PV Systems Performance and Reliability R & D group currently has seven grid-tied 1-2 kilowatt PV systems deployed at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility (OTF) and two 6 kilowatt systems mounted on the roof of NREL’s Solar Energy Research Facility (SERF). The systems, which employ several PV module technologies including crystalline silicon (c-Si), amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and copper indium diselenide (CIS), are being monitored to determine the long-term performance and reliability of the modules and arrays under actual field conditions. The length of observation ranges from 2 months for our newest system to 11 years for our oldest systems. The annual degradation and seasonal fluctuation of the systems’ power output are calculated using the PV for Utility-Scale Applications (PVUSA) power rating regression model. NTIS Evaluation; Performance Tests; Ratings; Renewable Energy; Test Facilities

20060048200 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsulant Formulations at NREL Pern, F. J.; Jorgensen, G. J.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882814; NREL/CP-520-38984; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Self-primed ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and non-EVA (PMG) encapsulant formulations were developed that have greater resistance to damp heat exposure at 85 degrees C and 85% relative humidity (RH) (in terms of adhesion strength to glass substrates) than a commonly used commercial EVA product. The self-primed EVA formulations were developed on the basis of high-performing glass priming formulations that have previously proven to significantly enhance the adhesion strength of unprimed and primed EVA films on glass substrates during damp heat exposure. The PMG encapsulant formulations were based on an ethylene-methylacrylate copolymer containing glycidyl methacrylate. NTIS Acetates; Encapsulating; Extravehicular Activity; Photovoltaic Cells; Renewable Energy; Thermal Resistance 175

20060048201 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP Initiative Mancini, T.; Mehos, M.; Wilkins, F.; Morse, F.; January 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882811; NREL/CP-550-39207; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The 1000 MW CSP project was initiated in FY02 based on a Congressional request of the DOE to investigate the ‘feasibility of 1000MW of Concentrating Solar Power in the Southwest by 2006.’ The original charge has grown and involved a number of activities including: outreach to the SW states, support of state-level activities in NM, CA, and CO, and analysis in support of the Western Governors’ Association (WGA) 30 GW Clean Energy Initiative. NTIS Electric Power Plants; Solar Energy Conversion 20060048204 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Plasma Surface Modification of Polymer Backsheets: Origins of Future Interfacial Barrier/Backsheet Failure Pankow, J. W.; Glick, S. H.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882809; NREL/CP-520-38965; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Flexible polymer substrates coated with inorganic oxide moisture barriers are a potential replacement for glass backsheets in thin film PV modules. Silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) deposited by PECVD on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) represents one potential new backsheet candidate. Barrier deposition runs at NREL have typically included a nitrogen-rich plasma pretreatment prior to actual barrier deposition with the intention of cleaning the PET surface as well as enhancing adhesion of the SiOxNy barrier film to PET; however, test coupons of PET/barrier/EVA/TPE failed after damp heat exposure. PET substrates exposed to plasma conditions similar to those used in pre-treatment were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to reveal new low molecular weight PET fragments are created which are volatile upon heating and water soluble. Failure analysis of the coupons determined that the moisture barrier is, in fact, transferred to the encapsulant side. NTIS Failure; Photovoltaic Cells; Plasmas (Physics) 20060048211 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, Triple-Bandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for High-Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Systems Kurtz, S.; Wanlass, M.; Kramer, C.; Young, M.; Geisz, J.; January 2005; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882824; NREL/CP-500-38997; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs three-junction cells are grown in an inverted configuration on GaAs, allowing high quality growth of the lattice matched GaInP and GaAs layers before a grade is used for the 1-eV GaInAs layer. Using this approach an efficiency of 37.9% was demonstrated. NTIS Concentrators; Energy Gaps (Solid State); Gallium Arsenides; Solar Cells; Solar Collectors 20060048212 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multijunction Cell Geisz, J.; Olson, J.; McMahon, W.; Friedman, D.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882823; NREL/CP-520-38996; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) A III-V on Si multijunction solar cell promises high efficiency at relatively low cost. The challenges to epitaxial growth of high-quality III-Vs on Si, though, are extensive. Lattice-matched (LM) dilute-nitride GaNPAs solar cells have been grown on Si, but their performance is limited by defects related to the nitrogen. Advances in the growth of lattice-mismatched (LMM) materials make more traditional III-Vs, such as GaInP and GaAsP, very attractive for use in multijunction solar cells on silicon. NTIS Silicon; Solar Cells 20060048214 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA GA Addition to CIS Limit Its Cell Performance: the Amazing Physics of Grain-Boundaries and Killer-Defects in Chalcopyrites Zunger, A.; January 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882816; NREL/CP-590-39073; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge 176

New theoretical studies reveal the way that grain boundaries lead to a reduction in electron-hole recombination in CIS, and how Ga addition leads to cell deterioration largely because of grain-interior (not boundary) effects. NTIS Defects; Grain Boundaries; Solar Cells 20060048215 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Strategic Planning of Communications and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar Energy Technologies Program Pedigo, S.; Nahan, R.; Moon, S.; Gwinner, D.; Zuboy, J.; January 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882815; NREL/CP-840-39014; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The goal of the Solar Communications Team is to get the right information to the right people at the right time in the right form at the right cost, and to measure the effectiveness of projects and our strategic communications plan. Our communications efforts in FY 2005 emphasized the following: (1) Reaching the Buildings and Consumer audiences (e.g., Solar Decathlon, International Builders’ Show). (2) Developing and distributing critical program documents to key stakeholders (e.g., Solar Program Review Meeting Proceedings, Industry Roadmap, second Multi-Year Program Plan). (3) Conducting a gap analysis of communications products and evaluating their effectiveness. (4) Working with our program management to streamline business processes and improve communications of management expectations. (5) Developing and maintaining content for all Solar Program Web sites that reflect research and program accomplishments. (6) Representing the interests of the Solar Program at strategic events (technical conferences, meetings, workshops, community events). NTIS Energy Technology; Management Planning; Solar Energy 20060048216 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA, Swiss Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge Movement Frank, A. J.; Neale, N. R.; Kopidakis, N.; van de Lagemaat, J.; Graetzel, M.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882822; NREL/CP-590-38978; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The objective of this research is to determine the operational characteristics key to efficient, low-cost, stable solar cells based on dye-sensitized mesoporous films (in collaboration with DOE’s Office of Science Program). Toward this end, we have investigated the mechanism by which the adsorbent chenodeoxycholate, cografted with a sensitizer onto TiO(sub 2) nanocrystals, improves the open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) and short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC). We find that adding chenodeoxycholate not only shifts the TiO(sub 2) conduction-band edge to negative potentials but also accelerates the rate of recombination. The net effect of these opposing phenomena is to produce a higher photovoltage. It is also found that chenodeoxycholate reduces the dye loading significantly but has only a modest effect on JSC. Implications of these results to developing more efficient cells are discussed. NTIS Dyes; Shielding; Solar Cells; Titanium Oxides 20060048217 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers Teplin, C. W.; Ginley, D. S.; van Hest, M. F.; Perkins, J. D.; Young, D. L.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882821; NREL/CP-520-38977; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) We have developed a new approach to growing photovoltaic-quality crystal silicon (c-Si) films on glass. Other approaches to film c-Si focus on increasing grain size in order to reduce the deleterious effects of grain boundaries. Instead, we have developed an approach to align the silicon grains biaxially (both in and out of plane) so that (1) grain boundaries are ‘low-angle’ and have less effect on the electronic properties of the material and (2) subsequent epitaxial thickening is simplified. They key to our approach is the use of a foreign template layer that can be grown with biaxial texture directly on glass. NTIS Crystals; Photovoltaic Cells; Routes; Solar Cells; Templates; Thin Films 20060048218 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Project Canada, S.; Brosseau, D.; Kolb, G.; Moore, L.; Cable, R.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882807; NREL/CP-550-39205; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge 177

Arizona Public Service (APS) is currently installing new power facilities to generate a portion of its electricity from solar resources that will satisfy its obligation under the Arizona Environmental Portfolio Standard (EPS). During FY04, APS began construction on a 1-MWe parabolic trough concentrating solar power plant. This plant represents the first parabolic trough plant to begin construction since 1991. Site preparation and construction activities continued throughout much of FY05, and startup activities are planned for Fall 2005 (with completion early in FY06). The plant will be the first commercial deployment of the Solargenix parabolic trough collector technology developed under contract to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The plant will use an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plant, provided by Ormat. The ORC power plant is much simpler than the conventional steam Rankine cycle plant and allows unattended operation of the facility. NTIS Parabolic Reflectors; Renewable Energy; Solar Collectors; Solar Thermal Electric Power Plants

20060048220 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple Exciton Generation Hanna, M. C.; Beard, M. C.; Johnson, J. C.; Murphy, J.; Ellingson, R. J.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882797; NREL/CP-590-38992; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) We have measured the quantum yield of the multiple exciton generation (MEG) process in quantum dots (QDs) of the lead-salt semiconductor family (PbSe, PbTe, and PbS) using fs pump-probe transient absorption measurements. Very high quantum yields (up to 300%) for charge carrier generation from MEG have been measured in all of the Pb-VI QDs. We have calculated the potential maximum performance of various MEG QD solar cells in the detailed balance limit. We examined a two-cell tandem PV device with singlet fission (SF), QD, and normal dye (N) absorbers in the nine possible series-connected combinations to compare the tandem combinations and identify the combinations with the highest theoretical efficiency. We also calculated the maximum efficiency of an idealized single-gap MEG QD solar cell with M multiplications and its performance under solar concentration. NTIS Excitons; Quantum Dots; Solar Cells

20060048221 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degradation Studies Albin, D. S.; McMahon, T. J.; Pankow, J. W.; Noufi, R.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882806; NREL/CP-520-39003; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Oxygen during vapor CdCl2 (VCC) treatments significantly reduced resistive shunts observed in CdS/CdTe polycrystalline devices using thinner CdS layers during 100 degrees C, open-circuit, 1-sun accelerated stress testing. Cu oxidation resulting from the reduction of various trace oxides present in as-grown and VCC treated films is the proposed mechanism by which Cu diffusion, and subsequent shunts are controlled. Graphite paste layers between metallization and CdTe behave like diffusion barriers and similarly benefit device stability. Ni-based contacts form a protective Ni2Te3 intermetallic layer that reduces metal diffusion but degrades performance through increased series resistance. NTIS Degradation; Polycrystals; Solar Cells; Thin Films

20060048228 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI Semiconductors Wei, S. H.; Dalpian, G. M.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882805; NREL/CP-520-38993; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The stability of cation interstitials in II-VI semiconductors is studied using ab initio methods. We find that interstitials in the neutral charge state are more stable in the tetrahedral interstitial site near the cation, whereas in the (2+) charge state, they are more stable near the anion. The diffusion energy barrier changes when the defect charge state changes. Therefore, if electrons/holes are taken from the defect level by light, changing its charge state, the interstitial atom will be able to diffuse almost spontaneously due to a reduced diffusion barrier. NTIS Cations; Interstitials; Photovoltaic Cells; Semiconductors (Materials) 178

20060048231 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Dendrimers Kopidakis, N.; Mitchell, W. J.; Bozell, J. J.; Piris, J.; Ginley, D. S.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882804; NREL/CP-520-39051; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge A family of prototype pi-conjugated dendrimers has been synthesized and incorporated into solution-processable organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Bulk heterojunction devices were fabricated by blending the dendrimers with a solubilized fullerene. The best of these initial devices, which were not optimized for morphology, exhibited external quantum efficiencies of 22% at peak wavelength. It was found that 3-arm dendrimers, when sufficiently soluble, yielded higher photocurrents than their 4-arm counterparts. This was attributed to better planarity and intermolecular alignment of the 3-arm version. Device efficiency was seen to increase with increasing arm length. A reduced-band gap dendrimer was synthesized by attaching electron-withdrawing groups onto the core to yield an optical band gap of 1.82 eV. NTIS Dendrimers; Heterojunction Devices; Photovoltaic Cells 20060048232 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials Ginley, D. S.; Yound, D.; van Hest, M. F.; Teplin, C. W.; Alleman, J. L.; Nov. 2005; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882826; NREL/CP-520-38999; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The discovery and optimization of new materials and devices for photovoltaic applications is nominally a slow and time-consuming process. The advent of high-speed automated analysis and data-handling tools has enabled the use of combinatorial high-throughput approaches to photovoltaic materials. High-throughput combinatorial approaches have shown applicability in a wide range of materials areas including catalysis, inorganic synthesis, new materials discovery, device development, and organic synthesis. The advent of computer-automated deposition, analysis, and data-mining capabilities has enabled the broad application of these approaches. NTIS Combinatorial Analysis; Oxides; Photovoltaic Cells; Transparence 20060048235 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Solar Cells Noufi, R.; Wu, X.; Abu-Shama, J.; Ramanathan, K.; Dhere, R.; Nov. 2005; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882825; NREL/CP-520-39002; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge We present a digest of our research on the thin-film material components that comprise the top and bottom cells of three different material systems and the tandem devices constructed from them. NTIS Polycrystals; Solar Cells; Thin Films 20060048238 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface Analysis PV Research Asher, S.; Pankow, J.; Perkins, C.; Reedy, R.; Teeter, G.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882803; NREL/CP-520-39001; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The Surface Analysis project provides measurement support and leadership for collaborative research activities involving surface chemistry and physics in all areas of the PV program. Significant results from the past fiscal year include the following: (1) in-situ XPS, UPS, and AES studies of chemical-bath exposure of CIGS surfaces demonstrated that Group-III elements are preferentially removed from the surface, that type conversion of the surface occurs, and that the addition of a surfactant improves CdS deposition and thus device performance; (2) XPS studies of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) candidate backsheet materials have shown that plasma exposure prior to oxide-barrier deposition results in the formation of low-molecular-weight fragments that result in the formation of a weak interfacial layer that fails during damp-heat exposure; (3) an empirical relation was derived for the source geometry that leads to optimal film-thickness uniformity in rotating-substrate physical-vapor deposition (PVD) systems; and (4) PVD flux-distribution calculations were performed to develop a novel method for combinatorial thin-film synthesis. NTIS Photovoltaic Cells; Renewable Energy 179

20060048240 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic Trough Development Gee, R. C.; Hale, M. J.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882802; NREL/CP-550-39206; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The Solargenix Advanced Trough Development Project was initiated in the Year 2000 with the support of the DOE CSP Program and, more recently, with the added support of the Nevada Southwest Energy Partnership. Parabolic trough plants are the most mature solar power technology, but no large-scale plants have been built in over a decade. Given this lengthy lull in deployment, our first Project objective was development of improved trough technology for near-term deployment, closely patterned after the best of the prior-generation troughs. The second objective is to develop further improvements in next-generation trough technology that will lead to even larger reductions in the cost of the delivered energy. To date, this Project has successfully developed an advanced trough, which is being deployed on a 1-MW plant in Arizona and will soon be deployed in a 64-MW plant in Nevada. This advanced trough offers a 10% increase in performance and over an 20% decrease in cost, relative to prior-generation troughs. NTIS Electric Power Plants; Parabolic Reflectors; Solar Collectors; Solar Energy Conversion 20060048244 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a Structurally-Efficient, High-Performance, LargeAperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation May, E. K.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882801; NREL/CP-550-39208; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Industrial Solar Technology has assembled a team of experts to develop a large-aperture parabolic trough for the electric power market that moves beyond cost and operating limitations of 1980’s designs based on sagged glass reflectors. IST’s structurally efficient space frame design will require nearly 50% less material per square meter than a Solel LS-2 concentrator and the new trough will rotate around the focal point. This feature eliminates flexhoses that increase pump power, installation and maintenance costs. IST aims to deliver a concentrator module costing less than $100 per square meter that can produce temperatures up to 400 C. The IST concentrator is ideally suited for application of front surface film reflectors and ensures that US corporations will manufacture major components, except for the high temperature receivers. NTIS Apertures; Concentrators; Glass; Parabolic Reflectors; Reflectors; Rotation; Solar Collectors; Solar Reflectors; Solar Thermal Electric Power Plants; Troughs 20060048245 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Recent Revisions to PVWATTS Marion, B.; Anderberg, M.; Gray-Hann, P.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882800; NREL/CP-520-38975; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge PVWATTS is an Internet-accessible software program that allows the user to easily calculate the energy production and cost savings for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems located throughout the USA. To ensure that PVWATTS continues to meet its users’ needs, an online survey form was provided to users to identify areas for improvement. The results of the survey were used to prioritize improvements to PVWATTS in FY2005. PVWATTS was revised by changing the PV system specification input for system size from an AC power rating to a nameplate DC power rating; adding an input for an overall DC to AC derate factor; updating the residential electric rates; adding monthly and yearly solar radiation values for the PV array; and simplifying the user interface for Version 2. NTIS Photovoltaic Cells; Energy Sources 20060048246 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Impurity-Band Model for GaP1-xNx Fluegel, B.; Zhang, Y.; Geisz, J. F.; Mascarenhas, A.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882798; NREL/CP-520-39020; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Low-temperature absorption studies on free-standing GaP1-xNx films provide direct experimental evidence that the host conduction-band minimum (CBM) near X1C does not plunge downward with increased nitrogen doping, contrary to what has 180

been suggested recently; rather, it remains stationary for x up to 0.1%. This fact, combined with the results of earlier studies of the CBM at gamma and conduction-band edge near L, confirms that the giant bandgap lowering observed in GaP1-xNx results from a CBM that evolves purely from nitrogen impurity bands. NTIS Impurities; Photovoltaic Conversion 20060048247 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Understanding the Potential and Limitations of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar Cells Kurtz, S.; Ptak, A.; Johnson, S.; Kramer, C.; Young, M.; Nov. 2005; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882820; NREL/CP-520-38998; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Dilute nitride alloys provide a powerful tool for engineering the band gap and lattice constant of III-V alloys. However, nitrogen degrades the performance of GaAs solar cells. This project seeks to understand and demonstrate the limits of performance of GaInNAs alloys by (a) correlating deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) data with device performance and (b) using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to reduce background impurity concentrations. NTIS Nitrides; Solar Cells 20060049262 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Government Activities to Protect the Electric Grid Abel, Amy; Feb 4, 2005; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454023; CRS-RS21958; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454023; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The electric utility system is vulnerable to outages caused by a range of activities, including system operator errors, weather-related damage, and terrorist attacks. The main risk from a successful terrorist attack against the electric power industry would be widespread power outages lasting for an extended period of time. While the electric utility industry has the primary responsibility for protecting its assets, federal and state government agencies also have been addressing physical security concerns. This report provides a description of initiatives within the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the Departments of Energy, Homeland Security, and Defense to protect the physical transmission infrastructure. It will be updated as events warrant. DTIC Electric Generators; Electric Power Plants; Policies; Protection; Security; Terrorism 20060049381 FuelCell Energy, Inc., Danbury, CT USA Development of a Ship Service Fuel Cell Abens, S; Ghezel-Ayagh, H; Steinfeld, G; Sanderson, R; Cervi, M; Oct 2000; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-C-0169 Report No.(s): AD-A454344; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454344; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Under a three-phase program sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), FuelCell Energy, Inc. is developing a 2.5 MW fuel cell power plant for ship service power generation aboard surface combatants. During the first phase, the conceptual design of the ship service fuel cell (SSFC) module was developed and critical component tests were performed. The second phase which was initiated in June 2000, will provide detailed design, construction, and performance testing of one of four 625 kW power modules which constitute the 2.5 MW SSFC power plant. Following testing at FCE’s facilities in Danbury, CT, the module will be delivered to the U.S. Navy in Philadelphia, PA for additional land-based testing. The power module will then undergo at-sea testing during the third phase of the program scheduled for 2003-2004. DTIC Electric Propulsion; Fuel Cells; Marine Technology; Ships 20060050121 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic System and Component Certification, Test Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems International Standards Basso, T. S.; Chalmers, S.; Barikmo, H. O.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882817; NREL/CP-560-38973; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge 181

This paper discusses efforts led by two companies (PowerMark Corporation and Sunset Technologies Inc.) to support both U.S. domestic and international photovoltaic (PV) system and component certification and test facility accreditation programs and the operation of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee 82 (TC-82) Photovoltaic Energy Systems. International and national PV certification/accreditation programs are successfully facilitating entry of only the highest quality PV products into the marketplace. Standards also continue to be a cornerstone for assuring global PV product conformity assessment, reducing non-tariff trade barriers, and ultimately improving PV products while lowering cost. NTIS Photovoltaic Cells; Photovoltaic Conversion; Solar Energy 20060050150 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility McNutt, P.; Adelstein, J.; Sekulic, W.; January 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882813; NREL/CP-520-38971; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge As part of the work conducted in the PV Systems Reliability and Performance R&D Task, a 1.5-kWdc photovoltaic (PV) array consisting of 36 Solarex MST-43MV dual-junction a-Si modules was installed and its performance monitored for almost six years (September 1999 through May 2005) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Outdoor Test Facility (OTF). This paper describes the system and its performance based on the PV for Utility-Scale Applications (PVUSA) power rating method. NTIS Evaluation; Performance Tests; Photovoltaic Conversion; Ratings; Solar Energy; Test Facilities 20060050151 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Rheological and Mechanical Considerations for Photovoltaic Encapsulants Kempe, M. D.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882810; NREL/CP-520-38972; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Photovoltaic (pv) devices are encapsulated in polymeric materials not only for corrosion protection, but also for mechanical support. Even though ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) suffers from having both glass and melting phase transitions at temperatures experienced under environmental exposure, its low cost and good optical transmission made EVA the most commonly used material for PV modules. These transitions, however, cause EVA to embrittle at low temperatures (approx. -15 deg C) and to be very soft at high temperatures (\g40 deg C). From mechanical considerations, one would prefer a material that was relatively unchanged under a wide temperature range. This would produce a more predictable and reliable package. These concerns are likely to become more important as silicon based cells are made thinner. NTIS Acetates; Encapsulating; Extravehicular Activity; Photovoltaic Cells; Solar Cells; Solar Energy 20060050152 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA, Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems Analysis Burch, J.; Salasovich, J.; Hillman, T.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882799; NREL/CP-550-38966; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The Solar Heating and Lighting Sub-program has set the key goal to reduce the cost of saved energy (Csav, defined as (total cost, $)/(total discounted savings, kWh thermal)) for solar domestic water heaters (SDWH) by at least 50%. To determine if this goal is attainable and prioritize R&D for cold-climate SDWH, life-cycle analyses were done with hypothetical lower-cost components in glycol, drainback, and thermosiphon systems. Balance-of-system (BOS, everything but the collector) measures included replacing metal components with polymeric versions and system simplification. With all BOS measures in place, Csav could be reduced more than 50% with a low-cost, selectively-coated, glazed polymeric collector, and slightly less than 50% with either a conventional selective metal-glass or a non-selective glazed polymer collector. The largest percent reduction in Csav comes from replacing conventional pressurized solar storage tanks and metal heat exchangers with un-pressurized polymer tanks with immersed polymer heat exchangers, which could be developed with relatively low-risk R and D. NTIS Climate; Solar Heating; Systems Analysis; Water; Water Heating 182

20060050216 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA, Colorado Univ., Denver, CO, USA Dislocation Generation by Thermal Stresses in Si: Modeling and Experiments Sopori, B.; Sheldon, P.; Rupnowki, P.; Balzar, D.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882616; NREL/CP-520-38958; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) We developed a finite-element modeling program to predict the thermally generated dislocation distribution in a wafer. This model uses measured parameters that are determined from generating dislocations under a known optical flux. NTIS Solar Cells; Thermal Stresses

20060050217 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO USA Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth Mahan, A. H.; Reedy, R. C.; Ginely, D. S.; Roy, B.; Readey, D. W.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882613; NREL/CP-520-38953; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The ability to crystallize thin a-Si:H into large grain Si can lead to significant improvements in Si solar cells. We are examining what factors play a role in determining crystallite grain size and/or defect density when a-Si:H films undergo RTA to induce crystallization. Such factors include film H content, crystallization anneal temperature, higher temperature post anneals to possibly reduce the film defect density, and how to rehydrogenate the grain boundaries. This work addresses these first two factors. NTIS Annealing; Crystallization; Hydrogen; Kinetics; Morphology; Solar Cells; Thin Films; Vapor Deposition

20060050218 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA, Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA USA 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact Wang, T. H.; Page, M. R.; Iwaniczko, E.; Wang, Q.; Xu, T.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882612; NREL/CP-520-38942; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Thin hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layers deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) are used as both emitters and back contacts in silicon heterojunction solar cells. Low interface recombination velocity and high open-circuit voltage are achieved by a low substrate temperature (\h150 degrees C) intrinsic a-Si:H deposition which ensures immediate amorphous silicon deposition. This is followed by deposition of doped a-Si:H at a higher temperature (\g200 degrees C) which appears to improve dopant activation. With an i/n a-Si:H emitter, we obtain a confirmed efficiency of 17.1% on textured p-type float-zone (FZ) silicon with a screen-printed aluminum back-surface-field (Al-BSF) contact. Employing a-Si:H as both the front emitter and the back contact, we achieve a confirmed efficiency of 17.5%, the highest reported efficiency for a p-type c-Si based heterojunction solar cell. NTIS Amorphous Silicon; Emitters; Heterojunction Devices; Heterojunctions; Hydrogenation; Solar Cells; Vapor Deposition

20060050219 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Exploratory Reliability and Performance R and D Osterwald, C. R.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882611; NREL/CP-520-38933; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) This paper presents a brief overview of the status and accomplishments during fiscal year (FY) 2005 of the Photovoltaic (PV) Exploratory Reliability and Performance R&D Subtask, which is part of the PV Module Reliability R&D Project (a joint NREL-Sandia project). NTIS Photovoltaic Cells; Reliability; Renewable Energy 183

20060050220 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for PV Packaging Glick, S. H.; del Cueto, J. A.; Terwilliger, K. M.; Jorgensen, G. J.; Pankow, J. W.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882607; NREL-CP-520-38959; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Dielectric thin-film barrier and adhesion-promoting layers consisting of silicon oxynitride materials (SiOxNy, with various stoichiometry) were investigated. For process development, films were applied to glass (TCO, conductive SnO2:F; or soda-lime), polymer (PET, polyethylene terephthalate), aluminized soda-lime glass, or PV cell (a-Si, CIGS) substrates. Design strategy employed de-minimus hazard criteria to facilitate industrial adoption and reduce implementation costs for PV manufacturers or suppliers. A restricted process window was explored using dilute compressed gases (3% silane, 14% nitrous oxide, 23% oxygen) in nitrogen (or former mixtures, and 11.45% oxygen mix in helium and/or 99.999% helium dilution) with a worst-case flammable and non-corrosive hazard classification. NTIS Oxynitrides; Packaging; Photovoltaic Cells; Silicon Films; Thin Films

20060050222 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Test System at the Outdoor Test Facility del Cueto, J. A.; Trudell, D.; Sekulic, W.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882606; NREL/CP-520-38955; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) We illustrate the capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Test (HVST) which operates continuously in the array field east of the Outdoor Test Facility at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Because we know that photovoltaic (PV) modules generating electrical power in both residential and utility-scale array installations will develop high-voltage biases approaching 600 VDC and 1,000 VDC, respectively, we expect such high voltages will result in current leakage between cells and ground, typically through the frames or mounts. We know that inevitably such leakage currents are capable of producing electrochemical corrosion that adversely impacts long-term module performance. With the HVST, we stress or operate PV modules under high-voltage bias, to characterize their leakage currents under all prevailing ambient conditions and assess performance changes emanating from high-voltage stress. We perform this test both on single modules and an active array. NTIS High Voltages; Photovoltaic Cells; Stress Analysis; Test Facilities

45 ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Includes atmospheric, water, soil, noise, and thermal pollution.

20060048222 Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC USA Economic Impact Analysis of the Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Residual Risk Standard Jul. 2006; 24 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-115524; EPA/452/R-06/005; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy As part of its regulatory support role for Clean Air Act (CAA) programs, the Air Benefits and Costs Group (ABCG) within the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) analyzes the small entity and economic impacts of sector-specific and broad national emission reduction strategies. Such analyses are in accordance with statutory requirements (Section 317 of the Clean Air Act, and Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA)), and are also designed to provide useful information on the impacts of this proposed standard on directly affected firms and on their consumers. This report provides an economic impact analysis for the dry cleaning residual risk standard as applied to all of the sources affected by this proposal: major source and area source dry cleaners. The area source dry cleaners include co-residential facilities, which are of particular interest in this rulemaking given the proximity of apartment residents to these sources and the risk exposure from perchloroethylene (PCE) emissions they experience. NTIS Cleaning; Drying; Economic Impact; Industries; Risk 184

20060048224 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Summary: Annual Site Environmental Report Radiological Doses and Releases, 1998-2001 Dec. 2004; 186 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-115332; DOE/EH-0692; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites conducting significant environmental protection programs prepare Annual Site Environmental Reports (ASERs). The purposes of ASERs are to present environmental data so as to characterize site environmental management performance, confirm compliance with environmental standards and requirements, and highlight significant programs and efforts (DOE 1990a). ASERs document the potential radiological and nonradiological impacts of DOE operations on the public and environment near each site. This summary report provides an overview of radiological releases, monitoring, and dose estimates described in ASERs for 36 DOE sites for the years 1998 through 2001. NTIS Dosage; Environment Protection; Radiology 20060048252 Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC), Clean Air Technology Center, Annual Report for 2005 Sep. 2006; 150 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2007-100124; EPA-453/R-06/005; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) This RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC) annual report contains information on the 325 permits entered and the 285 permits modified in the Clearinghouse from January 2005 to December 2005 and provides an overview of data entry activity over the last four years. It summarizes this activity in terms of EPA Regions, States, and industrial processes; discusses trends over the past four years; and presents plans for additions and improvements to the clearinghouse. NTIS Air Pollution; Air Quality; Charts; Pollution Control 20060048490 College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA High Resolution Spectroscopy to Support Atmospheric Measurements Venkataraman, Malathy Devi; [2006]; 10 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC1-03010; WBS 23-622-67-65; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048490; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The major research activities performed during the cooperative agreement enhanced our spectroscopic knowledge of molecules of atmospheric interest such as H2O (water vapor), O3 (ozone), HCN (hydrogen cyanide), CH4 (methane), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) and CO (carbon monoxide). The data required for the analyses were obtained from two different Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS); one of which is located at the National Solar Observatory (NSO) on Kitt Peak, Arizona and the other instrument is located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratories (PNNL) at Richland, Washington. The data were analyzed using a modified multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm developed by Dr. D. Chris Benner of the College of William and Mary. The results from these studies made significant improvements in the line positons and intensities for these molecules. The measurements of pressure broadening and pressure induced line shift coefficients and the temperature dependence of pressure broadening and pressure induced shift coefficients for hundreds of infrared transitions of HCN, CO3 CH4 and H2O were also performed during this period. Results from these studies have been used for retrievals of stratospheric gas concentration profiles from data collected by several Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS) infrared instruments as well as in the analysis of high resolution atmospheric spectra such as those acquired by space-based, ground-based, and various balloon- and aircraft-borne experiments. Our results made significant contributions in several updates of the HITRAN (HIgh resolution TRANsmission) spectral line parameters database. This database enjoys worldwide recognition in research involving diversified scientific fields. The research conducted during the period 2003-2006 has resulted in publications given in this paper. In addition to Journal publications, several oral and poster presentations were given at various Scientific conferences within the USA and abroad. Author (revised) High Resolution; Spectroscopy; Earth Atmosphere; Air Pollution 20060048685 Peterson Builders, Inc., Sturgeon Bay, WI USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers Null, Charles L; Bishop, John; Erdman, Joy; Bureau, Paul; Shoemaker, Kent; Lonie, Chris; Mar 1996; 112 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453319; NSRP-0463; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453319; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy 185

The Navy and the National Shipbuilding Research Program Welding Panel (SP-7) are concerned with the recent and anticipated future reductions in Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) worker exposure limits for airborne emissions. these changes involve nickel (Ni), manpanese (Mn), and hexavalent chromium (Cr(Vl)) . The concerns are due to the potential impact these reductions may have on operations in Navy facilities, public Shipyards, and private shipyards involved in the construction, maintenance, and repair of ships. A Navy/Industry task Group lead by the Naval Sea Systems Command prepared this report of the technical and economic impact of these new and anticipated reductions in worker exposure limits. this report: Identifies the manufacturing and repair operations, materials, and processes that are expected to be impacted by the recent and anticipated reductions in exposure limits. Presents data on current Worker exposure levels to Ni, Mn, total Cr, and Cr(Vl). Identifies the technical and economic impact of the anticipated reductions in the Cr(VI) PEL on Navy facilities and public and private shipyards. Identifies future actions that may be required to comply with the recent and anticipated reductions in exposure limits. This study concludes that workers in Navy facilities and public and private shipyards who perform the following operations have the potential for exposure to Ni, Mn, total Cr, and Cr(Vl) : Construction, Structural Fabrication and Repair of Facilities; Metal Cleaning; Casting; Plating; Painting; Coating; Machining; Welding; thermal Spraying; thermal Cutting and Grouping Woodworking (of pressure treated Wood); and Services (includes Transportation, motor vehicle, maintenance). DTIC Emission; Exposure; Hygiene; Industrial Safety; Marine Technology; Personnel; Safety; Ships; Shipyards

20060048920 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past Production of Nuclear Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress Bearden, David M; Andrews, Anthony; Jun 13, 2006; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453646; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy How to safely dispose of wastes from producing nuclear weapons has been an ongoing issue. The most radioactive portion of these wastes is stored in underground tanks at Department of Energy (DOE) sites in Idaho, South Carolina, and Washington State. There have been concerns about soil and groundwater contamination from some of the tanks that have leaked. DOE proposed to remove the ‘pumpable’ liquid waste, classify the sludge-like remainder as ‘waste incidental to reprocessing,’ and seal it in the tanks with a cement grout. DOE has argued that closing the tanks in this manner would be a cost-effective and timely way to address environmental risks. Questions were raised as to how much waste would be left in the tanks and whether the grout would contain the waste and prevent leaks. After considerable debate, the 108th Congress included provisions in the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for FY2005 (P.L. 108-375) authorizing DOE to grout some of the waste in the tanks in Idaho and South Carolina. Congress did not provide such authority in Washington State. This report provides background information on the disposal of radioactive tank waste, analyzes waste disposal authority in P.L. 108-375, and examines potential implications for environmental cleanup. It will be updated as developments warrant. DTIC Congressional Reports; Defense Program; Law (Jurisprudence); Radioactive Wastes; Waste Disposal

20060048989 Streamline Consulting, LLC, Farmington, UT USA Environmental Assessment (EA): Proposed Carriage Test Facility, Hill Air Force Base, Utah Klein, Randal; Winn, Kay; Jan 8, 2004; 32 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453859; XC-75CEG/CEVOR; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The purpose of the proposed action is to accommodate current USA Air Force (USAF) missions by constructing a carriage test facility to the east of Building 847 at Hill Air Force Base (AFB). The facility would be used to conduct testing and repair of transfer carriages that are used to hold and transport Minuteman (MM) stage I motors. The facility would house a reaction mass (a weight to be placed on each carriage for testing its ability to perform as intended) for a test stand to meet MM loads for stage I motors, and an overhead crane. The proposed action is needed because it is required by weapons safety concerns. A risk assessment code 3 (RAC 3) safety violation was identified at the current location, Oasis Building 30024 at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR). The RAC 3 safety violation is related to lack of sufficient floor space. Additionally, the presence of carriage test equipment is encroaching upon designated fire egress routes. DTIC Carriages; Test Facilities 186

20060049593 Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario Canada Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Military Personnel Abel, Sharon M; Apr 2005; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454605; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Auditory Defects; Canada; Conservation; Ear Protectors; Hazards; Hearing; Military Personnel; Risk 20060050135 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA, USA International Symposium on Site Characterization for CO(sub 2) Geological Storage January 2006; 278 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881621; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) This International Symposium on Site Characterization for CO(sub 2) Geological Storage (CO2SC) addresses the particular issue of site characterization and site selection related to the geologic storage of carbon dioxide. Presentations and discussions cover the various aspects associated with characterization and selection of potential CO(sub 2) storage sites, with emphasis on advances in process understanding, development of measurement methods, identification of key site features and parameters, site characterization strategies, and case studies. NTIS Air Pollution; Carbon Dioxide; Characterization; Conferences; Geology; Pollution Control 20060050153 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation Mode Yeung, M. R.; Gupta, M. K.; Joshi, K. N.; Zachmann, G. J.; January 2006; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882700; WSRC-MS-2006-00225; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The objective of this analysis is to evaluate the steady state equilibrium hydrogen concentration in the 800 Series tanks of the F-Area of Savannah River Site in their deactivation mode. These tanks (Tank 804, Tank 808 and Tank 809) are underground tanks and each of them is housed in a cell. Currently, these tanks still contain sludge heels with plutonium and other radionucludes that generate hydrogen by radiolysis. In the deactivation mode, the ventilation system will be completely shut down. In order to vent the hydrogen to the surrounding, the manway hole at the top of the tank and the plug hole on the top of the cell must be kept open. To prevent the introduction of foreign object into the cell, a filter panel will be used to cover the plug hole. The present analysis uses a diffusion model to perform a series of parametric studies to evaluate the steady state hydrogen concentration in the cell and the tank as a function of size and geometry of the filter panel. NTIS Deactivation; Hydrogen 20060050181 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA, USA Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxidation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. Annual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005 Kramlich, J. C.; Castiglone, L.; Apr. 2006; 30 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-FG26-03NT41808 Report No.(s): DE2006-881965; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Oxidized mercury formed in combustors (e.g., HgCl2) is much more easily captured in existing pollution control equipment (e.g., wet scrubbers for SO2) than elemental mercury. This is principally due to the high solubility of the oxidized form in water. Work over the last several years in our laboratory and elsewhere has identified the general outlines of the homogeneous chemistry of oxidation. The goal of the work reported here is to make use of this knowledge of the oxidation mechanism to devise simple and inexpensive ways to promote the oxidation. The hypothesis is that simple fuels such as hydrogen or CO can promote oxidation via the free radicals they generate during their decomposition. These free radicals then promote the formation of Cl from HCl via reactions such as OH+HCl yields H2O+Cl. The Cl (and Cl2 derived from Cl recombination) are considered the principal oxidizing species. In our studies, mercury vapor is exposed to HCl under isothermal conditions in a gas containing N2, O2, and H2O. The experiments systematically explore the influence of reaction temperature, HCl concentration, and H2O concentration. These baseline conditions are then perturbed by the addition of varying amounts of H2, CO, and H2/CO added jointly. The following report presents the results of a literature review associated with the dissertation of the student supported by the program. This outlines the state-of-the-art in mercury behavior. 187

It then describes the experimental facilities and the results of tests involving the promotion of the oxidation reaction by H2, CO, and H2/CO combinations. NTIS Air Pollution; Low Cost; Oxidation; Pollution Control; Mercury Vapor

46 GEOPHYSICS Includes Earth structure and dynamics, aeronomy; upper and lower atmosphere studies; ionospheric and magnetospheric physics; and geomagnetism. For related information see 47 Meteorology and Climatology; and 93 Space Radiation.

20060049071 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and Post-Annealing Shock in Ureilites Rubin, Alan E.; Meteoritics and Planetary Science; 2006; Volume 41, No. 1, pp. 125-133; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-4766; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The thermal and shock histories of ureilites can be divided into four periods: 1) formation, 2) initial shock, 3) post-shock annealing, and 4) post-annealing shock. Period 1 occurred approx.4.55 Ga ago when ureilites formed by melting chondritic material. Impact events during period 2 caused silicate darkening, undulose to mosaic extinction in olivines, and the formation of diamond, lonsdaleite, and chaoite from indigenous carbonaceous material. Alkali-rich fine-grained silicates may have been introduced by impact injection into ureilites during this period. About 57% of the ureilites were unchanged after period 2. During period 3 events, impact-induced annealing caused previously mosaicized olivine grains to become aggregates of small unstrained crystals. Some ureilites experienced reduction as FeO at the edges of olivine grains reacted with C from the matrix. Annealing may also be responsible for coarsening of graphite in a few ureilites, forming euhedral-appearing, idioblastic crystals. Orthopyroxene in Meteorite Hills (MET) 78008 may have formed from pigeonite by annealing during this period. The Rb-Sr internal isochron age of approx.4.0 Ga for MET 78008 probably dates the annealing event. At this late date, impacts are the only viable heat source. About 36% of ureilites experienced period 3 events, but remained unchanged afterwards. During period 4, approx.7% of the ureilites were shocked again, as is evident in the polymict breccia, Elephant Moraine (EET) 83309. This rock contains annealed mosaicized olivine aggregates composed of small individual olivine crystals that exhibit undulose extinction. Ureilites may have formed by impact-melting chondritic material on a primitive body with heterogeneous O isotopes. Plagioclase was preferentially lost from the system due to its low impedance to shock compression. Brief melting and rapid burial minimized the escape of planetary-type noble gases from the ureilitic melts. Incomplete separation of metal from silicates during impact melting left ureilites with relatively high concentrations of trace siderophile elements. Author Thermal Shock; Annealing; Silicates; Trace Elements; Ureilites; Meteorites; Carbonaceous Materials; Impedance; Pyroxenes 20060049072 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Olivine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Semarkona that Experienced Limited Remelting Rubin, Alan E.; Meteoritics and Planetaty Science; 2006; Volume 41, No. 7, pp. 1027-1038; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Chondrule D8n in LL3.0 Semarkona is a porphyritic olivine (PO) chondrule, 1300 x 1900 microns in size, with a complicated thermal history. The oldest recognizable portion of D8n is a moderately high-FeO, PO chondrule that is modeled as having become enmeshed in a dust ball containing a small, intact, low-FeO porphyritic chondrule and fine-grained material consisting of forsterite, kamacite, troilite, and possibly reduced C. The final chondrule melting event may have been a heat pulse that preferentially melted the low-FeO material and produced a low-FeO, opaque-rich, exterior region, 45-140 microns in thickness, around the original chondrule. Ai one end of the exterior region, a kamacite- and troilite-rich lump 960 pm in length formed. During the final melting event, the coarse, moderately ferroan olivine phenocrysts within the original chondrule appear to have been partly resorbed (These relict phenocrysts have the highest concentrations of FeO, MnO, and Cr2O3-7.5, 0.20, and 0.61 wt%, respectively-in D8n.). Narrow olivine overgrowths crystallized around the phenocrysts following final chondrule melting; their compositions seem to reflect mixing between melt derived from the exterior region and the resorbed margins of the phenocrysts. During the melting event, FeO in the relict phenocrysts was reduced, producing numerous small blebs of Ni-poor metallic Fe along preexisting curvilinear fractures. The reduced olivine flanking the trails of metal blebs has 188

lower FeO than the phenocrysts but virtually identical MnO and Cr2O3 contents. Subsequent parent-body aqueous alteration in the exterior region of the chondrule formed pentlandite and abundant magnetite. Author Chondrule; Petrology; Meteoritic Composition; Iron Oxides; Kamacite; Magnetite; Forsterite 20060049073 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides Huber, Heinz; Rubin, Alan E.; Kallemeyn, Gregory W.; Wasson, John T.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; Volume 70, pp. 4019-4037; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-17887; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources CK chondrites constitute the most oxidized anhydrous carbonaceous chondrite group; most of the Fe occurs in magnetite and in FeO-rich mafic silicates. The two observed CK falls (Karoonda and Kobe), along with thirteen relatively unweathered CK finds, have unfractionated siderophile-element abundance patterns. In contrast, a sizable fraction of CK finds (9 of 24 investigated) shows fractionated siderophile abundance patterns including low abundances of Ni, Co, Se and Au; the most extreme depletions are in Ni (0.24 of normal CK) and Au (0.14 of normal CK). This depletion pattern has not been found in other chondrite groups. Out of the 74 CK chondrites listed in the Meteoritical Bulletin Database (2006; excluded considerably paired specimens; see http://tin.er.usgs.gov/meteor/ metbull.php) we analyzed 24 and subclassified the CK chondrites in terms of their chemical composition and sulfide mineralogy: sL (siderophiles low; six samples) for large depletions in Ni, Co, Se and Au (\g50% of sulfides lost); sM (siderophiles medium; two CKs) for moderately low Ni and Co abundances (sulfides are highly altered or partly lost); sH (siderophiles high; one specimen) for enrichments in Ni, Co, Se and Au; ‘normal’ for unfractionated samples (13 samples). The sole sH sample may have obtained additional sulfide from impact redistribution in the parent asteroid. We infer that these elements became incorporated into sulfides after asteroidal aqueous processes oxidized nebular metal; thermal metamorphism probably also played a role in their mineral siting. The siderophile losses in the SL and sM samples are mainly the result of oxidation of pentlandite, pyrite and violarite by terrestrial alteration followed by leaching of the resulting phases. Some Antarctic CK chondrites have lost most of their sulfides but retained Ni, Co, Se and Au, presumably as insoluble weathering products. Author Siderophile Elements; Anomalies; Carbonaceous Chondrites; Weathering; Sulfides; Chemical Composition; Metamorphism (Geology); Mineralogy 20060049074 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites Rubin, Alan E.; Huber, Heinz; Meteoritics and Planetary Science; May 31, 2006; Volume 40, No. 8, pp. 1123-1130; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-12887; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources We present a new weathering index (wi) for the metallic-Fe-Ni-poor chondrite groups (CK and R) based mainly on transmitted light observations of the modal abundance of crystalline material that is stained brown in thin sections: wi-0, \h5 vol%; wi-1, 5-25 vol%; wi-2,25-50 vol%; wi-3,50- 75 vol%; wi-4, 75-95 vol%; wi-5, \g95 vol%, wi-6, significant replacement of mafic silicates by phyllosilicates. Brown staining reflects mobilization of oxidized iron derived mainly from terrestrial weathering of Ni-bearing sulfide. With increasing degrees of terrestrial weathering of CK and R chondrites, the sulfide modal abundance decreases, and S, Se, and Ni become increasingly depleted. In addition, bulk Cl increases in Antarctic CK chondrites, probably due to contamination from airborne sea mist. Author Chondrites; Silicates; Mineralogy; Crystallinity; Sulfides; Iron; Depletion; Weathering 20060049097 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Chondrites Trigo-Rodriquez, Josep M.; Rubin, Alan E.; Wasson, John T.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; Volume 70, pp. 1271-1290; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-12887; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Our examination of nine CM chondrites that span the aqueous alteration sequence leads us to conclude that compact dark fine mantles surrounding chondrules and inclusions in CM chondrites are not discrete fine-grained rims acquired in the solar 189

nebula as modeled by Metzler et al. [Accretionary dust mantles in CM chondrites: evidence for solar nebula processes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1992, 2873-28971. Nebular processes that lead to agglomeration produce materials with porosities far higher than those in the dark mantles. We infer that the mantles were produced from porous nebular materials on the CM parent asteroid by impact-compaction (a process that produces the lowest porosity adjacent to chondrules and inclusions). Compaction was followed by aqueous alteration that formed tochilinite, serpentine, Ni-bearing sulfide, and other secondary products in voids in the interchondrule regions. Metzler et al. reported a correlation between mantle thickness and the radius of the enclosed object. In Yamato 791 198 we find no correlation when all sizes of central objects and dark lumps are included but a significant correlation (r(sup 2) = 0.44) if we limit consideration to central objects with radii \g35 microns; a moderate correlation is also found in QUE 97990. We suggest that impact-induced shear of a plum-pudding-like precursor produced the observed ‘mantles"; these were shielded from comminution during impact events by the adjacent stronger chondrules and inclusions. Some mantles in CM chondrites with low degrees of alteration show distinct layers that may largely reflect differences in porosity. Typically, a gray, uniform inner layer is surrounded by an outer layer consisting of darker silicates with BSE-bright speckles. The CM-chondrite objects characterized as ‘primary accretionary rocks’ by Metzler et al. did not form in the nebula, but rather on the parent body. The absence of solar-flare particle tracks and solar-wind-implanted rare gases in these clasts reflect their lithified nature and low surface/volume ratios during the period when they resided in the regolith and were subject to irradiation by solar particles. The clasts are analogous to the light-colored metamorphosed clasts in ordinary-chondrite regolith breccias (which also lack solar-flare particle tracks and solar-wind gas). Author Chondrites; Solar Nebula; Dust; Agglomeration; Metamorphism (Geology) 20060049098 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Composition, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule Size Rubin, Alan E.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 69, No. 20, pp. 4907-4918; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-4766; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The properties of ordinary chondrites (OC) reflect both nebular and asteroidal processes. OC are modeled here as having acquired nebular water, probably contained within phyllosilicates, during agglomeration. This component had high Ai70 and acted like an oxidizing agent during thermal metamorphism. The nebular origin of this component is consistent with negative correlations in H, L, and LL chondrites between oxidation state (represented by olivine Fa) and bulk concentration ratios of elements involved in the metal-silicate fractionation (e.g., NdSi, Ir/Si, Ir/Mn, Ir/Cr, Ir/Mg, Ni/Mg, As/Mg, Ga/Mg). LL chondrites acquired the greatest abundance of phyllosilicates with high (delta)O-17 among OC (and thus became the most oxidized group and the one with the heaviest O isotopes); H chondrites acquired the lowest abundance, becoming the most reduced OC group with the lightest O isotopes. Chondrule precursors may have grown larger and more ferroan with time in each OC agglomeration zone. Nebular turbulence may have controlled the sizes of chondrule precursors. H-chondrite chondrules (which are the smallest among OC) formed from the smallest precursors. In each OC region, low-FeO chondrules formed before high-FeO chondrules during repeated episodes of chondrule formation. During thermal metamorphism, phyllosilicates were dehydrated; the liberated water oxidized metallic Fe-Ni. This caused correlated changes with petrologic type including decreases in the modal abundance of metal, increases in olivine Fa and low-Ca pyroxene Fs, increases in the olivine/pyroxene ratio, and increases in the kamacite Co and Ni contents. As water (with its heavy 0 isotopes) was lost during metamorphism, inverse correlations between bulk (delta)O-18 and bulk (delta)O-17 with petrologic type were produced. The H5 chondrites that were ejected from their parent body approx.7.5 Ma ago during a major impact event probably had been within a few kilometers of each other since they accreted approx.4.5 Ga ago. There are significant differences in the olivine compositional distributions among these rocks; these reflect stochastic nebular sampling of the oxidant (Le., phyllosilicates with high (delta)O-17) on a 0.1-1 km scale during agglomeration. Author Oxidation; Chondrites; Metamorphism (Geology); Meteoritic Composition; Agglomeration; Pyroxenes; Iron Oxides 20060049113 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Chondrites Rubin, Alan E.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 67, No. 14, pp. 2695-2709; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-4766; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources 190

Chromite in ordinary chondrites (OC) can be used as a shock indicator. A survey of 76 equilibrated H, L and LL chondrites shows that unshocked chromite grains occur in equant, subhedral and rounded morphologies surrounded by silicate or intergrown with metallic Fe-Ni and/or troilite. Some unmelted chromite grains are fractured or crushed during whole-rock brecciation. Others are transected by opaque veins; the veins form when impacts cause localized heating of metal-troilite intergrowths above the Fe-FeS eutectic (988 C), mobilization of metal-troilite melts, and penetration of the melt into fractures in chromite grains. Chromite-plagioclase assemblages occur in nearly every shock-stage S3-S6 OC; the assemblages range in size from 20-300 microns and consist of 0.2-20-micron-size euhedral, subhedral, anhedral and rounded chromite grains surrounded by plagioclase or glass of plagioclase composition. Plagioclase has a low impedance to shock compression. Heat from shock-melted plagioclase caused adjacent chromite grains to melt; chromite grains crystallized from this melt. Those chromite grains in the assemblages that are completely surrounded by plagioclase are generally richer in Al2O3, than unmelted, matrix chromite grains in the same meteorite. Chromite veinlets (typically 0.5-2 microns thick and 10-300 microns long) occur typically in the vicinity of chromite-plagioclase assemblages. The veinlets formed from chromite-plagioclase melts that were injected into fractures in neighboring silicate grains; chromite crystallized in the fractures and the residual plagioclase-rich melt continued to flow, eventually pooling to form plagioclase-rich melt pockets. Chromite-rich chondrules (consisting mainly of olivine, plagioclase-normative mesostasis, and 5-15 vol.% chromite) occur in many shocked OC and OC regolith breccias but they are absent from primitive type-3 OC. They may have formed by impact melting chromite, plagioclase and adjacent mafic silicates during higher-energy shock events. The melt was jetted from the impact site and formed droplets due to surface tension. Crystallization of these droplets may have commenced in flight, prior to landing on the parent-body surface. Chromite-plagioclase assemblages and chromite veinlets occur in 25 out of 25 shock-stage S1 OC of petrologic type 5 and 6 that I examined. Although these rocks contain unstrained olivine with sharp optical extinction, most possess other shock indicators such as extensive silicate darkening, numerous occurrences of metallic Cu, polycrystalline troilite, and opaque veins. It seems likely that these rocks were shocked to levels at least as high as shock-stage S3 and then annealed by heat generated during the shock event. During annealing, the olivine crystal lattices healed but other shock indicators survived. Published Ar-Ar age data for some SI OC indicate that many shock and annealing events occurred very early in the history of the parent asteroids. The common occurrence of shocked and annealed OC is consistent with collisions being a major mechanism responsible for metamorphosing OC. Author Chromites; Chondrites; Shock Loads; Interfacial Tension; Mineralogy; Thermal Shock; Plagioclase

20060049146 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Type II Chondrules and Limited Overgrowths on Phenocrysts Following the Final Melting Event Wasson, John T.; Rubin, Alan E.; Geochimica et Cosmochima Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 67, No. 1, pp. 2239-2250; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-10421; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Type II porphyritic chondrules commonly contain several large (\g40 microns) olivine phenocrysts; furnace-based cooling rates based on the assumption that these phenocrysts grew in a single-stage melting-cooling event yield chondrule cooling-rate estimates of 0.01-1 K/s. Because other evidence indicates much higher cooling rates, we examined type 11 chondrules in the CO3.0 chondrites that have experienced only minimal parent-body alteration. We discovered three kinds of evidence indicating that only minor (4-10 microns) olivine growth occurred after the final melting event: (1) Nearly all (\g90%) type II chondrules in CO3.0 chondrites contain low-FeO relict grains; overgrowths on these relicts are narrow, in the range of 2-12 microns. (2) Most type II chondrules contain some FeO-rich olivine grains with decurved surfaces and acute angles between faces indicating that the grains are fragments from an earlier generation of chondrules; the limited overgrowth thicknesses following the last melting event are too thin to disguise the shard-like nature of these grains. (3) Most type II chondrules contain many small (\h20 microns) euhedral or subhedral phenocrysts with central compositions that are much more ferroan than the centers of the large phenocrysts; their small sizes document the small amount of growth that occurred after the final melting event. If overgrowth thicknesses were small (4-10 microns) after the final melting event, it follows that large fractions of coarse (\g40 microns) high-FeO phenocrysts are relicts from earlier generations of chondrules, and that cooling rates after the last melting event were much more rapid than indicated by models based on a single melting event. These observations are thus inconsistent with the ‘classic’ igneous model of formation of type II porphyritic chondrules by near-total melting of a precursor mix followed by olivine nucleation on a very limited number of nuclei (say, \h10) and by growth to produce the large phenocrysts during a period of monotonic (and roughly linear) cooling. Our observations that recycled chondrule 191

materials constitute a large component of the phenocrysts of type II chondrules also imply that this kind of chondrule formed relatively late during the chondrule-forming period. Author Iron Oxides; Meteoritic Composition; Petrology; Chondrites; Estimates; Chondrule

20060049208 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA Detecting Periodic Components in a White Gaussian Time Series Chiu, Shean-Tsong; Sep 1986; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG29-85-K-0212; N00014-85-K-0100 Report No.(s): AD-A453917; TR-86-23; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453917; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A family of tests for periodic components in a white Gaussian series is proposed. The test is based on a statistic which is proportional to the ratio of the maximum periodogram to the trimmed mean of the periodograms. The asymptotic distribution of the statistic is obtained. It is shown that the test proposed and Fisher’s test have the same asymptotic powers at the alternative hypotheses that the series contains a single periodic component at a non-zero Fourier frequency. The tests are applied to detect the eigenfrequencies of the Earth. The proposed test detects some peaks that Fisher’s test fails to detect. DTIC Asymptotic Series; Detection; Fourier Transformation; Periodic Variations; Time Series Analysis; Vibration

20060049818 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA Velocity Inversion by Coherency Optimization Symes, William W; Carazzone, J J; Aug 1989; 34 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-85-K-0725; N00014-89-J-1115 Report No.(s): AD-A454934; TR-89-8; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We introduce an approach to velocity and reflectivity estimation based on optimizing the coherence of multiple shot-gathering inversions of reflection seismograms. The resulting algorithm appears to avoid severe convergence difficulties reported for output (nonlinear) least- squares inversion. We describe in detail an algorithm appropriate for plane-layered acoustic models, using the convolutional approximation to the plane-wave (p-tau) seismogram. We give theoretical and numerical evidence that coherency optimization, as defined here, yields stable and reasonably accurate estimates of both velocity trend and reflectivity, by exploiting reflection phase moveout and amplitudes in a computationally efficient way. We demonstrate that the approach may be applied to field data by extracting velocity and reflectivity estimates from a Gulf of Mexico marine data set. Finally we explain briefly how the approach may be modified to determine elastic models and source parameters as well as to determine laterally heterogeneous models. DTIC Algorithms; Inversions; Reflectance

20060050061 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA, California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA, California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA, California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceous-chondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Melt Asteroids McKeegan, Kevin D.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 68, No. 13, pp. 2947-2957; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-12898; NSF-EAR 01-13563; NSF-EAR-00-74076; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources We report Mg-26 excesses correlated with Al/Mg ratios in five chondrules from the primitive CO3.0 chondrite Yamato 81020 that yield a mean initial Al-26/Al-27 ratio of only (3.8 +/- 0.7) x 10(exp -6) about half that of ordinary chondrite (OC)chondrules. Even if asteroids formed immediately after chondrule formation, this ratio and the mean Al content of CO chondrites is only capable of raising the temperature of a well-insulated CO asteroid to 940 K, which is more than 560 K too low to produce differentiation. The same ratio combined with the higher Al content of CV chondrites results in a CV asteroid temperature of 1100 K. We calculate that the mean initial Al-26/Al-27 ratio of about 7.4 x 10(exp -6) found in LL chondrules is only able to produce small amounts of melting, too little to produce differentiation. These results cast serious doubt on the viability of Al-26 as the heat source responsible for asteroid differentiation. Inclusion of raises temperatures about 160 K, but 192

this increment is not enough to cause differentiation, even of an LL-chondrite asteroid. Author Carbonaceous Chondrites; Heat Sources; Meteoritic Composition; Melting; Chondrule; Aluminum Isotopes; Magnesium Isotopes 47 METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY Includes weather observation forecasting and modification.

20060048229 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD USA NOAA’s Environmental Data Management: Integrating the Pieces Mar. 2006; 86 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-110558; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have made improvements to the planning, acquisition, archive, and dissemination of Earth environmental data, including data on the atmosphere, ocean, and land. NOAA adopted a structure of four Mission Goals and a Support Mission Goal around which work is planned and organized. NOAA created an enterprise-wide method for planning and evaluating observation and data requirements, and established the NOAA Observing Systems Council (NOSC) to oversee observing systems, data, and information management and planning enterprise-wide. The NOSC formed the Data Management Committee (DMC) to coordinate the development and implementation of data management policy across NOAA. The DMC addresses issues and opportunities requiring coordination among NOAA’s Goals and Line Offices, and sponsored this report. NTIS Data Integration; Data Management; Management Systems 20060048230 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA KEO Mooring Engineering Analysis Lawrence-Slavas, N.; Meinig, C.; Milburn, H.; Jun. 2006; 38 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-114273; NOAA/TM/OAR/PMEL-130; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) As a contribution to the global network of Ocean SITES time series reference sites a Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) mooring was deployed by NOAA/PMEL in the recirculation gyre in June 2004. The low-cost KEO mooring includes a suite of meteorological, chemical, subsurface, and engineering instrumentation reporting in real time. The mooring was designed to withstand the strong and deep western boundary currents, and the harsh surface conditions found in the Kuroshio Extension region. The observatory returned near 100% data return for 18 months, providing an important data set in an area that is sparsely sampled and has the largest air-sea fluxes in the Pacific. On 6 November 2005, in relatively benign conditions, the KEO buoy broke loose from its mooring and fortuitously was recovered 2 days later. Post failure inspection of the mooring line revealed the mooring had parted in the middle of a continuous section of inch nylon, 300 m below the lower terminus of the jacketed wire rope, approximately 1000 m below the surface. Additionally, analysis of the load cell data exposed concerning patterns of shock loading throughout the deployment period. This report focuses on the KEO mooring design and failure analysis. The wealth of environmental and engineering data available for this mooring gave PMEL engineers a rare opportunity to compare model results with actual observations. NTIS Mooring; Oceanography 20060048254 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Meteorological Parameters STS-1 Through STS-107 Overbey, B. G.; Roberts, B. C.; September 2005; 520 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2005-214189; M-1151; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048254; Avail.: CASI: A22, Hardcopy During the 113 missions of the Space Transportation System (STS) to date, the Space Shuttle fleet has been exposed to the elements on the launch pad for approx. 4,195 days. The Natural Environments Branch at Marshall Space Flight Center archives atmospheric environments to which the Space Shuttle vehicles are exposed. This Technical Memorandum (TM) provides a summary of the historical record of the meteorological conditions encountered by the Space Shuttle fleet during 193

the pad exposure period. Parameters included in this TM are temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, sea level pressure, and precipitation. Extremes for each of these parameters for each mission are also summarized. Sources for the data include meteorological towers and hourly surface observations. Data are provided from the first launch of the STS in 1981 through the launch of STS-107 in 2003. Author Space Transportation System; Space Shuttles; Humidity; Wind Velocity; Wind Direction; Sea Level; Meteorological Parameters; Exposure 20060048665 Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA USA Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Breakwater Systems Hardaway ,Jr , C S; Milligan, D A\g; Wilcox, C A; Meneghini, L M; Thomas, G R; Comer, T R; Jul 2006; 67 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453291; ERDC/CHL-CR-06-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453291; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The use of breakwaters for shore protection on the Chesapeake Bay has increased over the past 15 years. A multiyear project evaluates post-construction data collected for 41 of these breakwaters and surrounding area including elevation surveys, vegetation, surveys, hydrodynamic analysis and photographs. This information is being accumulated into a database that will be available for evaluation and design reference and to aid in development of design guidance for short-fetch, shallow-water environments of the Chesapeake Bay and similar estuaries. In Fiscal Year 2003, six sites around the bay were chosen for detailed analysis. These surveys were conducted during the months of August and September. Shortly after these surveys were completed, Category 2 Hurricane Isabel hit the area on September 19, 2003. Post-hurricane surveys were immediately conducted at four of the six sites, and the data sets were included in the database. Analysis of these data sets indicates the breakwaters provided significant protection to the land in the lee of the breakwaters and that the structures experienced little or no damage. Additionally, the sand introduced into the sediment budget as a result of the storm cutting into the banks of adjacent unprotected properties may have enhanced the breakwater systems by accelerating the equilibrium beach-building process. This report presents the results of the pre- and post-hurricane breakwater evaluation. DTIC Breakwaters; Chesapeake Bay (US); Data Bases; Hurricanes 20060048746 Naval Research Lab., Monterey, CA USA WindSat Applications for Weather Forecasters and Data Assimilation Lee, Thomas; Goerss, James; Hawkins, Jeffrey; Turk, Joseph; Jelenak, Zorana; Chang, Paul; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453475; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453475; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy This paper examines WindSat wind retrievals from two perspectives. The first is a statistical analysis, comparing both WindSat and QuikSCAT to model output. The second is an analysis geared toward weather forecasters based on individual case studies. DTIC Assimilation; Data Processing; Forecasting 20060048758 Desert Research Inst., Reno, NV USA Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propagation and Global Modeling Hallett, John; Bailey, Matt; Feb 21, 2006; 75 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-00-1-0215; Proj-3484 Report No.(s): AD-A453527; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453527; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Laser beam propagation through the earth’s atmosphere is influenced by absorption and scattering by ice crystals as occur in cirrus clouds. New instruments (cloudscopes) and laboratory chambers (thermal diffusion, fall tower) have been designed and built to characterize and simulate such crystals to measure absorption and scatter of laser beams. The cloudscope, deployed for aircraft or laboratory use, collects and video-records to crystals to provide a measure of their size, habit, concentration and also density by evaporating the particles after collection. This procedure also reveals their inner structure 194

and the presence of any impurity. These investigations provide protocols for aircraft sampling and analysis of cirrus particles to be analyzed in real-time. This provides input for regional scale models of ice crystal evolution in terms of temperature, supersaturation and fall velocity, resulting in prediction of habits following growth, melt and evaporation and their likely optical properties. DTIC Characterization; Earth Atmosphere; Laser Beams; Lasers 20060049062 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA Role of Deep Convection in Establishing the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor in the Tropical Transition Layer Smith, Jamison A.; Ackerman, Andrew S.; Jensen, Eric J.; Toon, Owen B.; Geophysical Research Letters; March 23, 2006; ISSN 0094-8276; Volume 33; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC2-1375; NAG5-11474; NNG04GK37G Report No.(s): Paper-2005GL024078; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The transport of H2O and HDO within deep convection is investigated with 3-D large eddy simulations (LES) using bin microphysics. The lofting and sublimation of HDO-rich ice invalidate the Rayleigh fractionation model of isotopologue distribution within deep convection. Bootstrapping the correlation of the ratio of HDO to H2O (deltaD) to water vapor mixing ratio (q(sub v)) through a sequence of convective events produced non-Rayleigh correlations resembling observations. These results support two mechanisms for stratospheric entry. Deep convection can inject air with water vapor of stratospheric character directly into the tropical transition layer (TTL). Alternatively, moister air detraining from convection may be dehydrated via cirrus formation n the TTL to produce stratospheric water vapor. Significant production of subsaturated air in the TTL via convective dehydration is not observed in these simulations, nor is it necessary to resolve the stratospheric isotope paradox. Author Tropical Regions; Water Vapor; Convection Currents; Air Currents; Isotope Ratios 20060049066 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulonimbus Clouds Jensen, E. J.; Ackerman, A. S.; Geophysical Research Letters; Apr. 20, 2006; ISSN 0094-8276; Volume 33; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC2-1375 Report No.(s): Paper-2005GL024928; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Numerical simulations of deep, intense continental tropical convection indicate that when the cloud tops extend more than a few kilometers above the liquid water homogeneous freezing level, ice nucleation due to freezing of entrained aqueous sulfate aerosols generates large concentrations of small crystals (diameters less than approx. equal to 20 micrometers). The small crystals produced by aerosol freezing have the largest impact on cloud-top ice concentration for convective clouds with strong updrafts but relatively low aerosol concentrations. An implication of this result is that cloud-top ice concentrations in high anvil cirrus can be controlled primarily by updraft speeds in the tops of convective plumes and to a lesser extent by aerosol concentrations in the uppermost troposphere. While larger crystals precipitate out and sublimate in subsaturated air below, the population of small crystals can persist in the saturated uppermost troposphere for many hours, thereby prolonging the lifetime of remnants from anvil cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer. Author Aerosols; Cumulonimbus Clouds; Freezing; High Altitude; Tropical Regions; Homogeneity 20060049077 Microwave Remote Sensing Consultants, Cocoa Beach, FL USA Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer Adams, Ian S; Hennon, Christopther C; Jones, W L; Ahmad, Khalil; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453792; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) WindSat is the world’s first microwave polarimetric radiometer, designed to measure ocean vector winds. In late 2004, the first preliminary oceanic wind vector results were released, and this paper presents the first evaluation of this product for several Atlantic hurricanes during the 2003 season. Both wind speed and wind direction comparisons will be made with surface wind analysis (H*Wind) developed by the NOAA Hurricane Research Division (HRD) and provided by the NOAA National Hurricane Center (NHC). Examples are presented where HRD aircraft flights were conducted within several hours 195

of the WindSat overpass. These H*Wind surface wind analyses provide the most complete independent surface winds comparison data set available. Both WindSat retrieved wind speeds and wind directions are evaluated (against H*Wind) as a function of storm quadrant. To complement the analysis, rain rates were derived using WindSat brightness temperatures with a modified version of the TMI 2A12 heritage rain algorithm. Effects of rain on the derived wind speeds and directions are discussed. DTIC Estimates; Hurricanes; Polarimetry; Radiometers; Satellite Imagery; Wind Direction; Wind Velocity 20060049272 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, San Diego, CA USA Advanced Propagation Model (APM) Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern California Desert Barrios, A E; Anderson, K D; Lindem, Ge E; Aug 1, 2006; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454045; SPAWAR-TR-1945; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454045; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This report analyzes very high frequency signal strength data from two Naval Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration weather radio transmitters located in southern California and southwestern Arizona over a wide range of topography ranging from relatively flat to mountainous terrain. Meteorological information was obtained from local radiosonde measurement stations at Miramar (NKX) and Yuma Proving Ground (1Y7). These data are used as the basis for a validation study of the Advanced Propagation Model (APM) to determine its applicability for low-altitude mobile radio communications applications over terrain. The APM performs very well for low-altitude propagation over terrain and at least as well as the widely used diffraction model, Terrain Integrated Rough Earth Model (TIREM), under standard conditions. The APM performs better when variable refractivity data are available. DTIC Deserts; High Frequencies; Meteorological Parameters; Very High Frequencies 20060049291 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Assessment of Shore Protection Project Performance Following the 2004 Hurricane Season Curtis, William R; Jan 2006; 4 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454089; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454089; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy During the 2004 hurricane season, four hurricanes made landfall within the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers’ (USACE) South Atlantic Division. The season was extraordinary considering that these multiple storms were geographically clustered over a 6-week time frame. Hurricane Charley made landfall on the southwest coast of Florida on August 13, 2004. Hurricane Ivan made landfall near Gulf Shores, Alabama, on September 16, 2004. Hurricane Frances came ashore on the central east coast of Florida on September 5, 2004 and was followed by Hurricane Jeanne on September 25, 2004 with a nearly identical point of landfall. Cumulatively, these storms caused varying degrees of wind, wave, inundation and erosion damage in the vicinity of numerous Federal and non-Federal shore protection projects. The Military Construction Appropriations and Emergency Hurricane Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2005 (Public Law 108-324) was passed in response to these unusual occurrences. It authorized an assessment of shore protection project performance and provided emergency supplemental funds to both the Construction, General and Flood Control and Coastal Emergencies Program accounts for emergency repairs to flood control and Federally authorized shore protection projects. The assessment of project performance, known as the Shore Protection Project Performance Improvement Initiative (S3P2I), is an $11 million program to evaluate the full spectrum of project performance including economic, environmental, physical response, and social effects. The program’s mandate is evaluation of performance, not policy, although it supports companion USACE efforts to clearly define the Federal role in coastal management, including shore protection, with a focus on improving frameworks for project formulation, design, and decision support. DTIC Coasts; Damage; Hurricanes; Prevention; Protection 20060049314 California Univ., Santa Cruz, CA USA Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields Vesecky, John F; Drake, Jessica; Laws, Kenneth; Ludwig, Frank L; Teague, Calvin C; Paduan, Jeffery D; Meadows, Lorelle; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-97-1-0375 Report No.(s): AD-A454171; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454171; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) 196

As indicated by growing deployments world wide, HF radar is an increasingly important tool for mapping coastal surface currents. It has been used to determine wind direction. We report further on the ability of multifrequency HF radar to measure the vector wind field and the impact that such measurements have on the measurement of wind fields over coastal land and sea. In this study, we use a year-long 2000-2001 data set collected over Monterey Bay, California. Our Multifrequency Coastal Radars (MCRs) operated at 4.8, 6.8, 13.4 and 21.8 MHz, measuring currents at effective depths of about 2.5, 1.8, 0.9 and 0.6 m respectively. For training and validation we use the M-1 buoy deployed by Francisco Chavez at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. Validation results over the year time span indicate standard errors of prediction of 1.7 m/s for wind speed and 25 for direction with biases of 0.1 m/s and 0.3 respectively. We discuss limitations of this technique at low wind speeds. Finally, we present a regional wind field assimilating HF radar estimates and demonstrate the beneficial impact of multifrequency HF radar, wind field measurements, on estimation of the coastal wind field over both land and sea. DTIC Meteorological Radar; Oceans; Radar; Velocity Distribution; Wind (Meteorology); Wind Direction; Wind Velocity 20060049346 Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH USA Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Coos County, New Hampshire Flynn, Robert H; Jan 2006; 76 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454274; OPEN FILE REPORT 2006-1200; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454274; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New Hampshire/Vermont Water Science Center for scoping of flood-hazard mapping needs for Coos County, New Hampshire, under Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Inter-Agency agreement Number HSFE01-05X-0018. This section of the report explains the objective of the task and the purpose of the reports. FEMA is embarking on a map modernization program nationwide to: 1. Gather and develop updated data for all flood prone areas in support of flood plain management. 2. Provide maps and data in a digital format for the improvement in the efficiency and precision of the mapping program. 3. Integrate FEMA’s community and state partners into the mapping process. One of the priorities for FEMA, Region 1, is to develop updated Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRMs) and Flood Insurance Studies (FIS) for Coos County, New Hampshire. The information provided in this report will be used to develop the scope for the first phase of a multiyear project that will ultimately result in the production of new DFIRMs and FIS for the communities and flooding sources in Coos County. The average age of the FEMA flood plain maps in Coos County, New Hampshire is 20 years. Most of these studies were computed in the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s. However, in the ensuing 20-30 years, development has occurred in many of the watersheds, and the rivers and streams and their flood plains have changed with time. In addition, as development has occurred, the peak flooding has increased downstream of the development due to increased flows from impervious surfaces. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions nor accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights. Coos County gained 544 residents between 2000 and 2005. This represents a growth of 1.6 percent compared to 6.0 percent for the state as a whole. DTIC Disasters; Flood Plains; Hazards; Mapping; New Hampshire 20060049458 New Brunswick Univ., Fredericton, New Brunswick Canada Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain during Manual Work in Cold Weather Geurts, Carla L M; Cheung, Stephen S; May 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454524; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454524; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Cardiovascular System; Cold Weather; Thermal Stresses 20060049459 Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario Canada Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frostbite during Exposure to Cold Winds Ducharme, Michel B; Brajkovic, Dragan; May 1, 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454525; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454525; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Cold Tolerance; Exposure; Frostbite; Risk; Wind Effects 197

20060049460 Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario Canada Effect of the Forearm Tissue Temperature on the Cold Induced Vasodilation Ducharme, M B; Sessler, D I; Doufas, A; Greif, R; May 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454528; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454528; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Cold Weather; Forearm; Vasodilation 20060049627 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA USA Combining Spatial Statistical and Ensemble Information in Probabilistic Weather Forecasts Berrocal, Veronica J; Raftery, Adrian E; Gneiting, Tilmann; Feb 22, 2006; 32 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-1-0745 Report No.(s): AD-A454660; TR-495; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Forecast ensembles typically show a spread-skill relationship, but they are also often underdispersive, and therefore uncalibrated. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is a statistical postprocessing method for forecast ensembles that generates calibrated probabilistic forecast products for weather quantities at individual sites. This paper introduces the Spatial BMA technique, which combines BMA and the geostatistical output perturbation (GOP) method, and extends BMA to generate calibrated probabilistic forecasts of whole weather fields simultaneously, rather than just weather events at individual locations. At any site individually, Spatial BMA reduces to the original BMA technique. The Spatial BMA method provides statistical ensembles of weather field forecasts that take the spatial structure of observed fields into account and honor the flow-dependent information contained in the dynamical ensemble. The members of the Spatial BMA ensemble are obtained by dressing the weather field forecasts from the dynamical ensemble with simulated spatially correlated error fields, in proportions that correspond to the BMA weights for the member models in the dynamical ensemble. Statistical ensembles of any size can be generated at minimal computational costs. The Spatial BMA technique was applied to 48-h forecasts of surface temperature over the North American Pacific Northwest in 2004, using the University of Washington mesoscale ensemble. The Spatial BMA ensemble generally outperformed the BMA and GOP ensembles and showed much better verification results than the raw ensemble, both at individual sites, for weather field forecasts, and for forecasts of composite quantities, such as average temperature in National Weather Service forecast zones and minimum temperature along the Interstate 90 Mountains to Sound Greenway. DTIC Forecasting; Probability Theory; Spatial Distribution; Statistical Weather Forecasting 20060049713 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA USA Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Averaging Sloughter, J M; Raftery, Adrian E; Gneiting, Tilmann; Feb 24, 2006; 24 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-10745 Report No.(s): AD-A454809; TR-496; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is a statistical way of postprocessing forecast ensembles to create predictive probability density functions (PDFs) for weather quantities. It represents the predictive PDF as a weighted average of PDFs centered on the individual bias-corrected forecasts, where the weights are posterior probabilities of the models generating the forecasts and reflect the forecasts relative contributions to predictive skill over a training period. It was developed initially for quantities whose PDFs can be approximated by normal distributions, such as temperature and sea-level pressure. BMA does not apply in its original form to precipitation, because the predictive PDF of precipitation is nonnormal in two major ways: it has a positive probability of being equal to zero, and it is skewed. Here we extend BMA to probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasting. The predictive PDF corresponding to one ensemble member is a mixture of a discrete component at zero and a gamma distribution. Unlike methods that predict the probability of exceeding a threshold, BMA gives a full probability distribution for future precipitation. The method was applied to daily 48-h forecasts of 24-h accumulated precipitation in the US Pacific Northwest in 2003 2004 using the University of Washington mesoscale ensemble. It yielded predictive distributions that were calibrated and sharp. It also gave probability of precipitation (PoP) forecasts that were much better calibrated than those based on consensus voting of the ensemble members. DTIC Bayes Theorem; Forecasting; Mathematical Models; Precipitation (Meteorology); Probability Density Functions 198

20060050040 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL-FACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model Lopez, Jimena P.; Fridlind, Ann M.; Jost, Hans-Juerg; Loewenstein, Max; Ackerman, Andrew S.; Campos, Teresa L.; Weinstock, Elliot M.; Sayres, David S.; Smith, Jessica B.; Pittman, Jasna V., et al.; Journal of Geophysical Research; May 6, 2006; ISSN 0148-0227; Volume 111; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC2-1375; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Convective systems are an important mechanism in the transport of boundary layer air into the upper troposphere. The Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) campaign, in July 2002, was developed as a comprehensive atmospheric mission to improve knowledge of subtropical cirrus systems and their roles in regional and global climate. In situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), water vapor (H2Ov), and total water (H2Ot) aboard NASA’s WB-57F aircraft and CO aboard the U.S. Navy’s Twin Otter aircraft were obtained to study the role of convective transport. Three flights sampled convective outflow on 11, 16 and 29 July found varying degrees of CO enhancement relative to the free troposphere. A cloud-resolving model used the in situ observations and meteorological fields to study these three systems. Several methods of filtering the observations were devised here using ice water content, relative humidity with respect to ice, and particle number concentration as a means to statistically sample the model results to represent the flight tracks. A weighted histogram based on ice water content observations was then used to sample the simulations for the three flights. In addition, because the observations occurred in the convective outflow cirrus and not in the storm cores, the model was used to estimate the maximum CO within the convective systems. In general, anvil-level air parcels contained an estimated 20-40% boundary layer air in the analyzed storms. Author Carbon Monoxide; Convection; Anvil Clouds; Atmospheric Models; Clouds (Meteorology); Tropical Regions; Cirrus Clouds; Climatology 20060050130 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Examination of the Armagh Observatory Annual Mean Temperature Record, 1844-2004 Wilson, Robert M.; Hathaway, David H.; July 2006; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Report No.(s): NASA/TP-2006-214434; M-1166; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050130; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The long-term annual mean temperature record (1844-2004) of the Armagh Observatory (Armagh, Northern Ireland, UK) is examined for evidence of systematic variation, in particular, as related to solar/geomagnetic forcing and secular variation. Indeed, both are apparent in the temperature record. Moving averages for 10 years of temperature are found to highly correlate against both 10-year moving averages of the aa-geomagnetic index and sunspot number, having correlation coefficients of approx. 0.7, inferring that nearly half the variance in the 10-year moving average of temperature can be explained by solar/geomagnetic forcing. The residuals appear episodic in nature, with cooling seen in the 1880s and again near 1980. Seven of the last 10 years of the temperature record has exceeded 10 C, unprecedented in the overall record. Variation of sunspot cyclic averages and 2-cycle moving averages of temperature strongly associate with similar averages for the solar/geomagnetic cycle, with the residuals displaying an apparent 9-cycle variation and a steep rise in temperature associated with cycle 23. Hale cycle averages of temperature for even-odd pairs of sunspot cycles correlate against similar averages for the solar/geomagnetic cycle and, especially, against the length of the Hale cycle. Indications are that annual mean temperature will likely exceed 10 C over the next decade. Author Observatories; Temperature; Climate Change; Geomagnetism; Earth Sciences 20060050134 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA NASA’s Global Precipitation Mission Ground Validation Segment Schwaller, Mathew R; Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (25th) (IGARSS 2005); Jul 25, 2005; Volume 6, pp. 4120-4123; In English; IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (25th) (IGARSS 2005, 25-29 July 2005, Seoul, Korea, Republic of; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453529; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453529; Avail.: Other Sources NASA is designing a Ground Validation Segment (GVS) as one of its contributions to the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. The GPM GVS provides an independent means for evaluation, diagnosis, and ultimately improvement of the GPM spaceborne measurements and precipitation products. NASA’s GPM GVS concept calls for a combination of direct observations executed within a Multidimensional Observing Volume (MOV) and model-based analyses 199

executed by a Satellite Simulator Model (SSM). The MOV consists of ground-based instruments that measure local surface and atmospheric properties required for GPM validation. The SSM utilizes MOV measurements in a forward numerical model. The goal of the SSM forward modeling is calculation of the following properties: top-of-atmosphere microwave radiative quantities to within sensor noise of those measured by the GPM Core Satellite, precipitation quantities identical to those generated by the standard GPM precipitation retrieval algorithms, and quantitative/objective error estimates of both sets of quantities. At present, the GVS is in the early design stage and various scenarios have been generated to assess how it will be used in the GPM era. The GPM GVS will be operational in the year prior to the launch of the GPM core satellite, which has a launch date scheduled for December 2010. Author Ground Truth; Measurement; Precipitation (Meteorology) 20060050166 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA WRSM Operations Concept Sniffin, Robert W.; [2005]; 5 pp.; In English; WRSM Working Group Ground System Architecture Workshop, 2 Mar. 2005, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39681; Avail.: Other Sources The Weather-Related Service Management (WSRM) operations concept is presented. The topics include: 1) X & Ka-band Link Comparison; 2) Justification for WRSM; 3) Operations Concept; and 4) External Interactions. CASI Weather Forecasting; Earth Atmosphere; Data Acquisition; Statistical Analysis 20060050240 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO USA Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor Ground Validation for TRMM and GPM Gage, Kenneth S; Williams, Christopher R; Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings (25th) (IGARSS 2005); Jul. 25, 2005; Volume 6, pp. 4116-4119; In English; See also ADM001850, 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (25th) (IGARSS 2005), 25-29 July 2005, Seoul, South Korea; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453488; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453488; Avail.: Other Sources Realistic simulation of the hydrologic cycle in global climate models remains a difficult challenge since climate models cannot resolve convective systems. Only satellites can provide global precipitation estimates needed to validate global climate models. The algorithms used to relate precipitation estimates to satellite observables require ground-based observations for development and validation purposes. In this paper we outline how profilers can be used in combination with other ground based instruments to support the retrieval of precipitation estimates from satellites. The profilers provide quantitative information on the vertical structure and temporal variability of reflectivity and precipitation parameters related to drop-size distributions (DSD) that are essential for quantitative precipitation estimation. The profilers are most naturally calibrated by reference to a collocated disdrometer and are in turn useful for providing calibration for scanning radars. The use of profilers for ground validation is illustrated by examples drawn from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Ground Validation field campaigns and the Global Precipitation (GPM) Front Range Pilot Project conducted in Colorado in 2004. Author Ground Truth; Models; Multisensor Applications; TRMM Satellite 48 OCEANOGRAPHY Includes the physical, chemical and biological aspects of oceans and seas; ocean dynamics; and marine resources. For related information see also 43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing.

20060050239 National Environmental Satellite Service, Camp Springs, MD USA In-Orbit Vicarious Calibration for Ocean Color and Aerosol Products Wang, Menghua; Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings (25th) (IGARSS 2005); Jul 25, 2005; Volume 6, pp. 4146-4149; In English; See also ADM001850, 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (25th) (IGARSS 2005), 25-29 July 2005, Seoul, South Korea, Korea, Republic of; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNG04HZ22C; NNG04GE05A Report No.(s): AD-A453512; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453512; Avail.: Other Sources 200

It is well known that, to accurately retrieve the spectrum of the water-leaving radiance and derive the ocean color products from satellite sensors, a vicarious calibration procedure, which performs sensor in-orbit calibration for a whole system (the sensor and algorithms) is necessary. Both Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have employed in-orbit vicarious calibration procedure that uses the in situ measurements with the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) in the waters off Hawaii. Such method can also be applied to vicarious inter-calibrate other sensors. In addition to the ocean color products, aerosol optical property data over ocean are routinely retrieved from both SeaWiFS and MODIS measurements. The aerosol retrieval algorithm uses radiances measured at two near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, at which the ocean appears black due to strong absorption by water, to estimate the aerosol optical properties and extrapolate these into the visible. The spectral information from two band measurements is used to retrieve the most appropriate aerosol models. With the derived aerosol models, the aerosol optical thickness can then be estimated using the measured signal at 865 nm. In this paper, I outline the procedure for the in-orbit sensor vicarious calibration for the ocean color and aerosol products. Simulations that demonstrate the effectiveness of the vicarious calibration method on the derived ocean color and aerosol products are presented and discussed. Results of sensitivity studies that show effects of the calibration error at 865 nm, appropriateness of aerosol models, and the solar-sensor viewing geometry on the accuracy of the retrieved ocean color and aerosol optical properties are presented. Author Accuracy; Aerosols; Calibrating; Water Color

51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL) Includes general research topics related to plant and animal biology (non-human); ecology; microbiology; and also the origin, development, structure, and maintenance of animals and plants in space and related environmental conditions. For specific topics in life sciences see categories 52 through 55.

20060048510 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Ethical Implications and Human Risk Assessment James, John T.; October 12, 2006; 22 pp.; In English; Nanotechnology Symposium, 11-12 Oct. 2006, Evanston, IL, USA; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048510; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Presentation viewgraphs review the health considerations of working with and manufacturing Carbon Nanotubes. The inherent toxicity of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNT) are reviewed, and how the preparation of the SWNTs are reviewed. The experimental protocol that was used is reviewed, and the results in lungs of rodents are shown. The presentation ends with posing the ethical questions in reference to the manufacture and use of carbon nanotubes. CASI Carbon Nanotubes; Health; Manufacturing; Risk; Toxicity; Lungs; Occupational Diseases; Toxic Hazards; Hazardous Materials 20060048602 Howard Univ., Washington, DC USA Breast Cancer in African American Women: Molecular Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes Day, Agnes A; Stubbs, John; Das, Rina; Jett, Marti; Oct 2005; 43 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0268 Report No.(s): AD-A450406; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA450406; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The DOD funded HBCU/MI Partnership Training award entitled ‘Breast Cancer in African American Women: Molecular Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes’ continues to provide quality research experiences to faculty and students and has developed into a highly rewarding collaboration that has expanded from the original 2 faculty at HUCC to include 6 experienced faculty and multiple students. At WRAIR, the original 2 has increased to include 3 new researchers and numerous support staff and students. We have had a total of 9 animal handling workshops attended by students and faculty interested in cancer research, several workshops on establishment of the various stages (virgin, pregnant and lactating) of normal breast organ cultures, workshop on imaging of live animals using luminescent-tagged cells, as well as small group collaborations/meetings on genomics, bioinformatics and proteomics. As a result of participating in our various workshops sponsored by this training grant, especially the in vivo imaging of live animals, Dr. Paul Wang was successful in receiving an HBCU-MI partnership grant from CDMRP-BCRP aimed at bringing this technology to Howard University. These 201

workshops have been very popular with faculty and students performing both cancer and other basic science research. Additionally, our previous reports have detailed the presentation of four workshops on Grantsmanship, Grant Writing and Writing Successful Animal Protocols. We have amassed a multidisciplinary core of students, post-doctoral fellows and faculty who are poised to perform several collaborative studies on breast, and other cancers, as a result of training received from this program. We have jointly produced manuscripts yearly, made key presentations at conferences, published numerous abstracts and continue to expand the original specific aims of the proposal. DTIC Africa; Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands

20060048603 Monash Univ., Clayton, Australia Associations Between Responses to the Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity to Malaria Infection Topolska, Agnieszka E; Richie, Thomas L; Nhan, Doan H; Coppel, Ross L; Jun 2004; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DK-32094 Report No.(s): AD-A453098; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453098; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Rhoptry proteins participate in the invasion of red blood cells by merozoites during the malaria parasite’s asexual-stage cycle. Interference with the rhoptry protein function has been shown to prevent invasion, and three rhoptry proteins have been suggested as potential components of a vaccine against malaria. Rhoptry associated membrane antigen (RAMA) is a 170-kDa protein of Plasmodium falciparum which is processed to a 60-kDa mature form in the rhoptries. p60/RAMA is discharged from rhoptries of free merozoites and binds to the red-cell membrane before being internalized to form part of the parasitophorous vacuole of the newly developing ring. We examined the range of anti-RAMA responses in individuals living in an area of endemicity for malaria and determined its association with clinical immunity. RAMA is immunogenic during infections, and at least three epitopes within RAMA are recognized by hyperimmune sera in immunoblots. Sera from individuals living in a region of Vietnam where malaria is endemic possessed strong antibody responses toward two C-terminal regions of RAMA. Cytophilic antibody isotypes (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1] and IgG3) predominated in humoral responses to both C-terminal epitopes. Acute episodes of P. falciparum infection result in significant boosting of levels of antibody to an epitope at the extreme C terminus of RAMA that harbors the red-cell-binding domain. Immunity to P. falciparum infection was linked to elevated levels of IgG3 responses to this functional domain of RAMA, suggesting that the region may contain a protective epitope useful for inclusion in a multiepitope vaccine against malaria. DTIC Antibodies; Antigens; Immune Systems; Infectious Diseases; Membranes; Parasitic Diseases

20060048607 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Probabilistic Methods for Addressing Uncertainty and Variability in Biological Models: Application to a Toxicokinetic Model Banks, H T; Potter, Laura K; Sep 13, 2002; 42 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0180; F49620-01-1-0026 Report No.(s): AD-A453196; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453196; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Population variability and uncertainty are important features of biological systems that must be considered when developing mathematical models for these systems. In this paper we present probability-based parameter estimation methods that account for such variability and uncertainty. Theoretical results that establish well-posedness and stability for these methods are discussed. A probabilistic parameter estimation technique is then applied to a toxicokinetic model for trichloroethylene using several types of simulated data. Comparison with results obtained using a standard, deterministic parameter estimation method suggests that the probabilistic methods are better able to capture population variability and uncertainty in model parameters. Key words: Parameter estimation, biological modeling, population variability, model uncertainty, toxicokinetics, trichloroethylene DTIC Bionics; Toxicology; Variability 202

20060048610 Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD USA Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures Sedegah, M; Charoenvit, Y; Minh, L; Belmonte, M; Majam, V F; Abot, S; Ganeshan, H; Kumar, S; Bacon, D J; Stowers, A; Narum, D L; Carucci, D J; Rogers, W O; Jan 2004; 10 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1856 Report No.(s): AD-A453204; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453204; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We measured the ability of nine DNA vaccine plasmids encoding candidate malaria vaccine antigens to induce antibodies and interferon-gamma responses when delivered alone or in a mixture containing all nine plasmids. We further examined the possible immunosuppressive effect of individual plasmids, by assessing a series of mixtures in which each of the nine vaccine plasmids was replaced with a control plasmid. Given alone, each of the vaccine plasmids induced significant antibody titers and, in the four cases for which appropriate assays were available, IFN-g responses. Significant suppression or complete abrogation of responses were seen when the plasmids were pooled in a nine-plasmid cocktail and injected in a single site. Removal of single genes from the mixture frequently reduced the observed suppression. Boosting with recombinant poxvirus increased the antibody response in animals primed with either a single gene or the mixture, but, even after boosting, responses were higher in animals primed with single plasmids than in those primed with the nine-plasmid mixture. Boosting did not overcome the suppressive effect of mixing for IFN-gamma responses. Interactions between components in a multiplasmid DNA vaccine may limit the ability to use plasmid pools alone to induce responses against multiple targets simultaneously. DTIC Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Plasmids; Vaccines; Viruses 20060048611 Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD USA The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials Elster, Eric A; Hale, Douglas A; Mannon, Roslyn B; Cendales, Linda C; Swanson, S J; Kirk, Allan D; May 21, 2004; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453205; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453205; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Organ transplantation has become a standard life-saving therapy for many causes of end stage organ failure. Although valuable, it remains hampered by the requirement for, and complications of, immunosuppression to prevent immune rejection of the transplanted organ. It is now clear that rejection can be avoided in some experimental systems without a requirement of immunosuppressive medication, and these experimental concepts are now making their way into the clinic in the form of early transplantation tolerance trials. This manuscript will discuss the most promising techniques for tolerance induction, namely, costimulation blockade, lymphocyte depletion, and mixed chimerism. Seminal preclinical studies will be cited and the results of initial clinical trials will be reviewed. The data to date indicate that while tolerance remains elusive, immunosuppression minimization is a feasible near-term alternative. DTIC Failure; Immunity; Kidneys; Primates; Roads; Transplantation 20060048613 ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Dayton, OH USA Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice Mahle, D, A; Godrey, R J; Buttler, G W; Narayanan, L; Fisher, J W; Taylor, A; Feb 1999; 27 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-96-C-9010; Proj-7757 Report No.(s): AD-A453207; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453207; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy As by-products of water chlorination, dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) are ubiquitous contaminants of drinking water supplies. They are also major metabolites of several heavily used industrial solvents. DCA is a complete hepatocarcinogen and a tumor promoter in B6C3Fl mice. TCA is a tumorigen in mice and affects cardiac development in Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses. To describe the pharmacokinetics of orally ingested DCA and TCA, male Fischer 344 rats and B6C3Fl mice were given DCA in drinking water at 3 different dose levels (rat - 0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 g/l; mice - 0.08, 0.8, and 2.0 g/l) for 3 or 14 days. Blood and liver samples were collected at selected time points up to 8 hr after removal from treated drinking water. Cytosol was prepared from the remaining rat and mouse livers for investigation of metabolic competency. At the end of 14 days of treatment the blood DCA concentrations for mice and rats were 18.5 and 73.3 ug/ml, respectively, at the 2.0 g/l dose level. Liver concentrations at the same time point and dose level for mice and rats were 8.3 203

and 11.6 ug/ml, respectively. At the 0.08 and 0.8 g/l DCA dose level DCA was not measured in mouse blood or liver. Peak blood concentrations of TCA were 4.3, 30.6 and 93.6 ug/ml in rats drinking 0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 g/l of TCA, respectively, and 10.3, 72.9 and 79.9 ug/ml in mice drinking 0.08, 0.8 and 2.0 g/l of TCA, respectively. A group of mice and rats that received DCA treated drinking water were intravenously dosed with DCA after removal of the treated drinking water to determine inhibition of DCA metabolism. Alteration of metabolic degradation of DCA was substantial at the 0.8 and 2.0 g/l drinking water dose levels in both rats and mice. DTIC Acetic Acid; Metabolism; Mice; Pharmacology; Potable Water; Rats 20060048629 Army Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command, Warren, MI USA ‘Hoo-ah’ or Ouch: Methodologies for Assessing Military Vehicle Occupant Injuries Wolfe, Gregory; Mar 2000; 18 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453232; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453232; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A briefing on the different techniques that have been used to assess the possibility and types of injury to military vehicle occupants. A description, as well as advantages and disadvantages, are given for each technique. DTIC Crash Injuries; Injuries; Passengers 20060048655 Diabetes Technology Society, Foster City, CA USA Second Annual Clinical Diabetes Technology Meeting Klonoff, David; May 2006; 36 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-06-1-0369 Report No.(s): AD-A453274; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453274; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Second Annual Clinical Diabetes Technology Meeting was presented by the Diabetes Technology Society at the Cambridge, Massachusetts Hyatt Regency Hotel in April 21-22, 2006. The first day covered Continuous Glucose Monitoring and the second day covered Insulin Delivery Strategies. The attendees consisted of 405 clinicians and scientists. Ort April 21, 2006, which was the Continuous Glucose Monitoring day, the first presentation was made together by Lori Laffel, MD and David Kionoff, MD on the topic, ‘Benefits and Limitations of Intermittent Blood Glucose, Alc, and Ketone Testing’. These two clinicians emphasized the need for regular home blood glucose and Hemoglobin Alc monitoring of patients with diabetes, as well as measurement of blood ketones in situations of suspected ketoacidosis. From a literature review, the frequency of self-blood glucose monitoring was demonstrated to be inversely associated with improved glycemic control. For every additional blood glucose measurement, the Hemoglobin Alc level tends to fall by approximately 0.3%. Parallels between monitoring technologies relevant to patients with diabetes as well as to warfighters were mentioned. Barry Ginsberg, MD, PhD discussed continuous glucose monitoring technologies. He emphasized that this technology can be used to predict abnormal glucose levels based on patterns of glycemia. Lawrence Blonde, MD discussed ‘HbAlC, Glycemic Variability (Stability) and Other Outcome Markers - What is the Most Page,% 5 of 6 Post-Meeting Report: Second Clinical Diabetes Technology Meeting, 2006 initiating pramlintide therapy to minimize the risk of postprandial hypoglycemia. John Buse, MD, PhD discussed another new drug. His presentation was entitled, ‘Exenatide (Byetta(Trademark)) and Other Incretin Mimetic Therapies - A Look at Changing Treatment Paradigms.’ DTIC Clinical Medicine; Metabolic Diseases 20060048659 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA Control of Growth Within Drosophila Peripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Kinase A Stern, Michael; Feb 2006; 11 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0272 Report No.(s): AD-A453284; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453284; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The long term goals of this research are to understand the mechanisms by which NF1 and its partners control growth using the Drosophila peripheral nerve as our assay system. This system is advantageous because we can apply a number of powerful molecular genetic methodologies that are not available in other systems. This project addresses four specific aspects of growth 204

control, two of which were begun during the first twelve months of funding, and the third was begun during this funding year. Our major findings continue to be generated from aim #4. This year we found that co-overexpression of PI3KCAAX and Akt within peripheral glia conferred a striking increase in peripheral glial thickness compared with overexpression of each transgene individually. We also found that overexpression of the transcription factor FOXO within peripheral glia strongly suppressed the growth promoting effects of PI3KCAAX. This result suggests that PI3K activates peripheral glial growth by inhibiting FOXO. Finally, we found that the increase in peripheral glial nuclei number conferred nonautonomously by RasV12 is mediated by both PI3K and Raf. This result suggests that peripheral glial cell growth can be genetically uncoupled from peripheral glial cell number. DTIC Cells (Biology); Drosophila; Enzymes; Genetics; Nerves; Nervous System; Peripheral Nervous System; Phosphorus; Proteins 20060048663 Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA USA Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer Knox, Susan J; Feb 2006; 13 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0160 Report No.(s): AD-A453289; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453289; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A large body of data suggests that selenium supplementation may be used as a chemopreventive strategy to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. In spite of this, little is known regarding the use of selenium as a cancer therapy. High doses of selenite can deplete cells of the primary intracellular antioxidant, glutathione, and generate superoxide. The net effect of the metabolism of selenite is a profound alteration in the cellular redox status and generation of potentially lethal reactive oxygen species. We have characterized the tumor-selective killing properties of selenite in patient-matched pairs of normal and malignant prostate cells and demonstrated the ability of selenite to sensitize prostate cancer cells to -irradiation. Currently, we are examining the effects of selenite on androgen receptor signaling in vitro and in vivo. The primary goal of this proposal was to generate preclinical data supporting the concept that selenite might be a novel chemotherapeutic agent for prostate cancer. DTIC Cancer; Chemotherapy; Drugs; Prostate Gland; Selenium 20060048664 McGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec Canada Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Breast Cancer Presley, John F; Oct 2005; 6 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0726 Report No.(s): AD-A453290; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453290; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We are developing an automated technique for scanning lymph nodes for small numbers of breast cancer cells using a mouse model. This technique involves the use of standard primary antibodies for tumor specific antigens and quantum-dot conjugates in place of chemical fluorophores combined with exhaustive confocal z-sectioning and computer analysis. We have verified that the quantum dot conjugates using antibodies to Brst and cytokeratin are functional in frozen sections from actual tissue but will have to do additional work to reliably identify cancer cells in an automated way. The primary problems to still be solved involve reducing antibody background. Once these have been solved, we expect to be able to test our automated approach for sensitivity against standard histological methods for detecting breast cancer cells in lymph nodes. DTIC Breast; Cancer; Lymphatic System; Mammary Glands; Metastasis; Quantum Dots; Sentinel System 20060048668 New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY USA Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Cancer Tang, Xiao-Han; Jan 2006; 24 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0051 Report No.(s): AD-A453294; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453294; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this study we investigated the effects of two dietary RXR agonists, phytanic acid, and docohexaenoic acid (DHA), on 205

the cell growth and retinoid metabolism of cultured normal human prostate epithelial cell (PrEC) and human prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP. Both phytanic acid and DHA inhibited the growth of PC-3 and LNCaP cells and decreased cyclin D1 expression in PC-3 cells. Phytanic acid or DHA altered the metabolism of retinol and generated a novel retinyl ester peak. Mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated the novel retinyl ester peak generated by phytanic acid or DHA was retinyl phytanate or retinyl docosahexaenate, respectively. Real time RT-PCR results showed that both phytanic acid and DHA did not dramatically change LRAT expression level in both cell lines. In addition, LRAT participates in the generation of retinyl phytanate, while the generation of retinyl docosahexaenate by DHA is possibly through another different mechanism other than lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and acyl CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT). These results suggest that both phytantic acid and DHA, natural dietary RXR ligands, may be useful agents for future dietary preventive and therapeutic approaches to human prostate cancer. DTIC Acids; Cancer; Prevention; Prostate Gland; Therapy

20060048679 Duke Univ., Durham, NC USA Regulation of p53 Activity by Reversible-Acetylation in Prostate Tumor Suppression Kawaguchi, Yoshiharu; Jan 2006; 26 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0148 Report No.(s): AD-A453309; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453309; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The importance of p53 on prostate cancer is underlined by clinical observations that p53 alteration can be seen in most metastatic prostate cancers. The finding that re-introduction of wild-type p53 can cause growth arrest of prostate cancer cells further support the role of p53 in prostate tumor suppression. Therefore, to study on prostate tumor development and a therapeutic strategy targeting p53, it is necessary to understand how p53 is activated. To study this, we focus the p53 acetylation, which has been found as a potential mechanism of p53 activation, and investigate how acetylation controls the activity of p53. In this report, we provide the evidence that acetylation regulates p53 subcellular localization. Our study identifies acetylation as a novel mechanism that regulates p53 nucleus-cytoplasm trafficking by neutralizing C-terminal lysine residues, which in turn, controls the oligomerization dependent nuclear export machinery. Although further investigations are needed to address the significance of acetylation-induced p53 trafficking in prostate cancer, our findings provide the basis for a more powerful therapy for prostate tumor suppression. DTIC Acetylation; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Tumors

20060048690 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Functions of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Rajasekaran, Ayyappan K; Apr 2006; 79 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0661 Report No.(s): AD-A453327; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453327; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Prostate specific membrane antigen is type II membrane protein predominantly expressed in prostate epithelial and prostate cancer cells. This protein is expressed on the apical plasma membrane in prostate tissue and in cultured polarized epithelial cells. Antibodies against PSMA are being used for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Understanding the mechanism by which PSMA is targeted to the apical plasma membrane should give novel insights into improvements in using anti-PSMA antibodies against prostate cancer. We have established a role for microtubules in the apical targeting of PSMA in cultured epithelial cells and have designed approaches to increase the efficacy of anti-PSMA antibodies for the treatment of prostate cancer. We have now generated data indicating that microtubule depolymerization disrupts the polarity of syntaxin 3 leading to non polarized expression of PMSA. Thus these new studies identified a potential mechanisms by which microtubules redirect PSMA to the basolateral plasma membrane. DTIC Antigens; Cancer; Membranes; Microstructure; Prostate Gland 206

20060048691 East Tennessee State Univ., Johnson City, TN USA Tocotrienols and Prostate Cancer Stone, William L; Krishnan, K; Campbell, Sharon; Sep 2005; 59 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0035 Report No.(s): AD-A453328; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453328; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy In this study we demonstrated that vitamin E isoforms, tocopherols and tocotrienols, have variable growth inhibitory effects on both types of prostate cancer cell line models. The gamma isoforms are more effective than the alpha isoforms and the tocotrienols are more effective than the tocopherols. This study further showed that the vitamin E-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation is preferential for cancer cells at concentrations of about 40 M or lower. Delta-tocotrienol (DT3), in particular, is infective against normal prostate epithelial cells but highly effective against LNCaP cancer cells. Collectively, our data supports the view that tocotrienols, particularly DT3 may prove very useful as chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents for treating prostate cancer. Our next will be to initiate experiments in animal models and then to initiate clinical studies DTIC Cancer; Prostate Gland 20060048692 Northern California Inst. for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA USA The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in Prostatic Oncogenesis Lau, Yun-Fai C; Feb 2006; 74 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0081 Report No.(s): AD-A453329; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453329; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The TSPY gene is the only functional gene within the critical region harboring the gonadoblastoma locus on the Y chromosome (GBY). Expression studies demonstrated that it is aberrantly expressed in prostate cancer. This project is designed to address the role of this putative oncogene on the Y chromosome in this male-specific cancer. The objectives are: 1) to identify the oncogenic or tumor promoting domain in TSPY, and 2)to correlate TSPY over-expression with prostatic oncogenesis in transgenic mice. For the past year, we have examined the TSPY expression in additional 61 cases of prostate cancer and demonstrated that its expression is proportional to the degrees of malignancy of these clinical samples. Similar study of a tissue recombination model of prostate cancer demonstrated the same results, suggesting TSPY expression is intimately associated with prostate cancer. Significantly, studies of a line of transgenic mice harboring 50 copies of the human TSPY gene on their Y chromosome demonstrated that TSPY is expressed in hyperplasic regions of the prostates of old mice, resembling those of latent cancer in old men. These findings are significant, supporting the role of TSPY in the initiation of prostatic oncogenesis. For the next 12-month period, we plan to continue our characterization of our transgenic mice to confirm TSPY as an oncogene. DTIC Cancer; Chromosomes; Genes; Prostate Gland; Tumors 20060048693 Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning for Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer Chen, Lili; Feb 2006; 64 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0023 Report No.(s): AD-A453330; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453330; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This work is aimed at MRI-based treatment planning for radiation therapy. The tasks for the second year include (a) Evaluate MRI-based prostate treatment planning dose calculation; (b) Develop practical methods for heterogeneity correction for MR-based dose calculation and (c) Implement and validate a MRI-based Monte Carlo dose verification system for IMRT QA. We have quantified the residual distortions and developed computer software to reduce them using point-by point corrections for large patients (lateral dimension up to 42 cm). We have verified dosimetric accuracy and consistency for MR based IMRT treatment planning for prostate cancer using the Monte Carlo method. Our results showed that for IMRT treatments with coplanar beam arrangements, the mean dose values of the CTV for homogeneous geometry based on CT were about 2% higher than those for heterogeneous geometry based on CT. The difference in the mean CTV dose between homogenous MRI and heterogeneous CT geometries was about 3% and less. We have also studied heterogeneity corrections for patients with hip replacements (prostheses). DTIC Cancer; Imaging Techniques; Magnetic Resonance; Monte Carlo Method; Prostate Gland; Radiation Therapy 207

20060048694 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA Effect of HIF-12 Alpha Polymorphism on the Incidence and Severity of Prostate Bubley, Glenn J; Feb 2006; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-05-1-0186 Report No.(s): AD-A453331; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453331; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis and is overexpressed prostate cancer (CaP). Two polymorphisms (P582S C-\gT and A588T G-\gA) in the HIF-1 gene have been associated with enhanced stability of the protein and may confer susceptibility to androgen independent CaP. We examined the association of these two HIF-1 gene polymorphisms with CaP risk among 1,072 incident cases diagnosed during 18 years of follow-up and 1,322 age matched controls in the Physician’s Health Study We observed no association between the presence of these two polymorphisms and risk of total CaP. However, the HIF-1 P582S T variant allele carrier (CT or TT vs. CC) was associated with a nonsignificant increased risk of high-grade tumor (Gleason 7-10; OR, 95% CI =1.31, 0.97-1.75Among the T allele carriers, but not the CC wildtype carriers, men with higher IGF-I levels (\g=median vs. \hmedian) had increased risk for total (OR, 95% CI =1.55, 0.96-2.48), aggressive (stage C, D, Gleason 7-10, or fatal disease, OR, 95% CI = 2.15, 1.04-4.43), and fatal CaP (OR, 95% CI = 4.91, 1.27-18.9). Higher IGFBP-3 levels (\g=median vs. \hmedian) were associated with lower risk mainly among men with the homozygous CC genotype. DTIC Cancer; Polymorphism; Prostate Gland 20060048695 Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL USA Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and Mortality in Black and White Men in the Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties Asal, Nabih R; Oct 2005; 13 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0078 Report No.(s): AD-A453333; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453333; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We are implementing a case-controlstudy of prostate cancer screening and mortality in 5 Metro Atlanta & 23 North Central Florida counties to determine if screening with the PSA/DRE reduces mortality from prostate cancer in black and white men. 566 Prostate cancer deaths (221 Black and 345 Whites Men) occurring to residents of Metro Atlanta during 1998-2001 were identified, reviewed, and linked to the hospital(s) of prior treatment. IRB approval and access to medical records have been requested from most of the institutions and IRBs. A total of 436 charts have been reviewed to date. Majority of the charts were obtained from the 5 largest hospitals in Atlanta: Crawford Long, Dekalb Med Ctr., Emory Univ Hospt, Grady, and Piedmont Hospital. Efforts are underway to obtain information from hospital-based controls in Atlanta. Three locations in north central Florida: VA Medical Center, Shands at U of Florida and Shands Jacksonville will provide access to prostate cancer patient records starting March 2006 to determine cases from the 23 participating counties. Post-Doctoral fellow Dr.William MKanta (01/13/06 -) and Research Assistant (Spring 2006) have been hired to manage the project and collect data in Florida. Activities for the current period include (1) identification of controls in Atlanta, (2) chart reviews for prostate cancer deaths in Atlanta & Florida,& (3) preparation of preliminary data analysis from the charts of cases reviewed. DTIC Cancer; Human Beings; Males; Mortality; Prostate Gland 20060048697 Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT USA Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction Tomography Schabel, Matthias C; Roy, Dilip G; Khan, Altaf; Mar 2006; 27 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0042 Report No.(s): AD-A453339; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453339; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The potential for cost-effective tomographic imaging using ultrasound continues to be confronted with difficulties arising from the computational complexity of fully three dimensional object reconstruction in the diffraction regime. Development of fast and accurate forward and inverse models for ultrasound propagation in the biomedical frequency range of 1-10 MHz is essential for diffraction tomography to be a practical imaging modality. We have implemented a flexible, object-oriented simulation system in MATLAB for performing rapid two- and three-dimensional modeling of forward scattering using the conjugate gradient FFT method in conjunction with a fast linear adjoint approximation to the Jacobian. Nonlinear conjugate gradient inversion has been implemented and tested in both 2D and 3D, demonstrating the feasibility of the method for 208

diffraction tomography. We have also implemented and tested several regularization schemes including L2-norm and total variation, and have used multigrid iteration in conjunction with anisotropic diffusion filtering to accelerate convergence of the inversion algorithm. Inversions of strongly scattering objects have been successfully performed in 2D and 3D, and results thereof are presented herein. DTIC Diffraction; Tomography; Ultrasonics 20060048701 Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD USA Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral Structures for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence After Prostate Cancer Spray Fried, Nathaniel; Feb 2006; 57 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-01-0087 Report No.(s): AD-A453351; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453351; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Urethral strictures and bladder neck contractures occur in 5-20% of prostate cancer surgeries, causing incontinence. Conventional stricture treatments have widely variable success rates with sub-optimal results. Treatment failure is presumably due to mechanical and/or thermal damage to the urethra during the procedure. The objective of this research project was to test a novel Erbium:YAG laser for precise incision of the urethral stricture with minimal damage to adjacent healthy tissue. We hypothesized that minimal side-effects caused during Erbium laser incision should translate into limited scarring and improved procedural success rates. Year#1 of this project was devoted to optimization of the laser and optical fiber delivery system for rapid and precise cutting of urethral tissue, ex vivo. We accomplished these tasks, and published our findings in the form of four manuscripts and two abstracts. Year #2 was devoted to in vivo animal studies comparing the wound healing after Erbium and Holmium laser incision of the urethra and bladder neck. Further improvement of the optical fiber delivery system was also accomplished. We published our findings in the form of five manuscripts and two abstracts. Year #3 was devoted to preparing for clinical studies and obtaining further funding for commercialization of the fiber optic delivery system. One manuscript was published and one is in review. DTIC Cancer; Prostate Gland; Sprayers; Urology; YAG Lasers 20060048702 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA XIAP as a Molecular Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Prostate Cancer Duckett, Colin S; Oct 2005; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0891 Report No.(s): AD-A453353; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453353; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We have made major progress towards the completion of the goals proposed in this award. In the first of the two Aims, we proposed to generate cell lines in which we stably suppressed XIAP using lentiviral-based RNA interference, and subsequently to constitute XIAP expression using mutants which are incapable of suppressing caspases. We have achieved this goal in PC-3 cells, and are well underway to generating similar clones in the three other cell lines we originally proposed. The first round of PC-3 derivatives have been injected into nude mice and we have exciting preliminary data supporting a role for XIAP in oncogenesis, and validating our model system for dissecting the properties of XIAP. In the second Aim, we proposed to examine XIAP expression in the TRAMP and Pten conditional transgenic murine models of prostate cancer. We have made great progress in the TRAMP system, and generated breeding colonies of Xiap-deficient, TRAMP mice. Finally, our studies to evaluate the effectiveness of a murine, XIAP-specific antisense oligonucleotide are now underway in TRAMP mice. DTIC Apoptosis; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Targets; Therapy 20060048703 South Carolina Univ., Columbia, SC USA Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast Cancer Among Women by Ethnicity Adams, Swann A; Mar 2006; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0703 Report No.(s): AD-A453356; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453356; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 209

Health disparities are a source of concern for people at high risk of life-threatening diseases, and many public health agencies, both public and private. Consequently, elimination of these disparities has become a top priority for the nation as a whole. Over the last 30 years AA women have experienced a substantial increase in breast cancer deaths while EA women have experienced a substantial decline in deaths. The research indicates that later screening and poorer access to care can only partially explain these differences. Thus there is still much to be learned in this area. Recent research has shown a link between adult onset diabetes and breast cancer, but no research has examined this relationship in the context of ethnic disparities. We propose to utilize state Medicaid data to examine the association of diabetes and breast cancer among European American (EA) and African American (AA) women. We will first determine the percentage of AA and EA women with breast cancer among those diagnosed with and without diabetes. We will then determine the risk of developing breast cancer for EA and AA women among those with and without diabetes. With AA women ultimately bearing a disproportionately higher disease burden, it is imperative that we act quickly and thoughtfully to understand these ethnic differences with the ultimate goal being formulation of ethnic-appropriate public health policy and messages aimed at successful prevention and control. This research seeks to address an area of need that has been woefully neglected in the past. DTIC Breast; Cancer; Ethnic Factors; Females; Mammary Glands; Metabolic Diseases

20060048707 Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ USA Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer Hattrup, Christine L; Gendler, Sandra J; Hansson, Gunnar C; Mar 2006; 66 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0300 Report No.(s): AD-A453361; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453361; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This project was designed to analyze the effect of MUC1 and APC on two important signaling pathways in breast cancer, those mediated by Beta-catenin and the ErbB kinases. We present herein results indicating that loss of MUC1 corresponds to decreased total Beta-catenin levels in breast cancer cells; as this is accompanied by a reduction in the amount of Beta-catenin that lacks GSK3Beta-mediated phosphorylation, the destabilization of Beta-catenin after MUC1 loss occurs at least in part through the APC/GSK3Beta destruction complex. We also show that another APC-dependent pathway involving p53 might participate as well, since MUC1 loss correlates to increased p53 levels. Finally, we show that loss of MUC1 alters Beta-catenin dependent transcription, as well as demonstrating a novel link between expression of MUC1 and transcription of members of the ERK pathway downstream of the ErbB kinases. These transcriptional changes are correlated to alterations in oncogenic events, further supporting the idea that MUC1 and APC are integral factors in regulation of signaling in breast cancer. These findings add to the growing understanding of how the oncoprotein MUC1 alters breast cancer signaling, specifically in relationship to the APC tumor suppressor. DTIC Antigens; Breast; Cancer; Escherichia; Mammary Glands; Metastasis; Suppressors; Tumors

20060048712 Arizona Univ., Tucson, AZ USA Molecular Targeting of the P13K/Akt Pathway to Prevent the Development Hormone Resistant Prostate Cancer Walker, Jonathan; Feb 2006; 5 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH05-1-0187 Report No.(s): AD-A453367; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453367; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Recently the Pl3KIAkt pathway has been found to be a significant factor in the development and progression of prostate cancer. It is our belief that the Pl3K/Akt pathway is the critical pathway that is maintaining survival by blocking apoptosis in the absence of hormonal stimulation. We will use molecular targeting to inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt. Celecoxib is a FDA approved COX-2 inhibitor however unique to celecoxib is its ability to inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt. This effectively turns off the Pl3kIAkt pathway leading to apoptosis. Celecoxib has been shown to induce apoptosis in a number of different malignancies. Unfortunately the 1050 of celecoxib is less than usually clinically obtainable. Therefore in an attempt to improve upon the Akt activity and decrease the 1050 concentration to clinically obtainable levels Chin et al. synthesized multiple 2nd and 3rd generation compounds. These newer compounds have significantly lower 1050 and thus 210

therapeutic levels can be obtained clinically. We will use celecoxib and these newer compounds to evaluate the effects of combined Pl3K/Akt inhibition and androgen ablation. DTIC Cancer; Hormones; Prostate Gland 20060048713 California Univ., San Francisco, CA USA Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer Rosenberg, Jonathan; Jan 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-05-1-0175 Report No.(s): AD-A453368; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453368; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This annual report for the Physician Research Training Award focuses progress and challenges in the analysis of circulating hormone refractory prostate cancer micrometastases. Metastatic tissue for research is difficult to obtain in hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), as most metastatic sites are not conducive to biopsy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been found in high numbers in patients with metastatic HRPC and are easily accessible in the peripheral blood. Detecting genetic alterations that occur during the development of chemotherapy resistance will give insight into the mechanisms behind this resistance and determine potential therapeutic strategies to combat this resistance. Array CGH of CTCs will demonstrate the genomic changes that accompany the hormone refractory state, in addition to shedding light on genetic changes that occur with chemotherapy resistance. In addition to the genomic studies, CTC enumeration was used to determine the effect of CTC number on survival in patients receiving chemotherapy for HRPC. Work performed under this grant in 41 patients with metastatic HRPC has shown that patients with \g 1.8 CTC/mL have a worse prognosis than patients with d1.8 CTC/mL. The median survival of patients with metastatic HRPC with \g 1.8 CEC s/mL was 13 months. Median survival for patients with \h1.8 CTC s/mL has not been reached. CTC s from chemotherapy refractory and chemotherapy na ve patients are being collected for genetic analysis. DTIC Cancer; Circulation; Gene Expression; Hormones; Prostate Gland; Refractories 20060048714 Burnham Inst., La Jolla, CA USA Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes that Regulate Radiation Responses in Prostate Cancer Cells Arora, Shilpi; Aug 2005; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453369; W81XWH-04-1-0029; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453369; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy My work this year was in two parts. I completed a study started by others in the laboratory, on the DNA repair gene GADD45, that is induced by the Egr1 transcription factor (TF), as well as other TFs. Egr1 transcription ally induced GADD45 expression as shown by an GADD45-promoter luciferase reporter construct combined with the use of mutated Egr1 binding sites in the promoter. This work was submitted for publication and is now in review. The second project was to find the target genes regulated by Egr1 in a high-throughput array manner by using our own, home-made promoter array, made in collaboration with two other laboratories in a neighboring Institute. Prostate cells (normal and cancer-derived) were subjected to stresses such as radiation and chemotherapy drugs. Egr1 is rapidly induced and this is turn binds to many promoters of genes that respond to the stresses. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation I capture the activated promoters and identify them by hybridization to the promoter array. The combined procedures has been called ChIP on a chip’. The genes discovered are validated by several protocols. This work is on-going. We hope to identify genes that may be useful in disease risk assessment, or by finding stage markers for diagnostic purposes. DTIC Cancer; Diseases; Genes; Genetics; Prostate Gland; Targets 20060048715 Children’s Hospital, Oakland, CA USA Zinc Deficiency and Microtubule Function in Prostate Cells Ames, Bruce N; Apr 2006; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-05-1-0106 Report No.(s): AD-A453370; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453370; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Zinc deficiency is surprisingly common in the US. One organ expected to suffer during zinc deficiency is the prostate, 211

since it is the greatest tissue accumulator of zinc in men. Zinc uptake in prostate epithelial cells is higher than most other cells types in the body, but zinc levels in these cells rapidly decrease upon transformation to a cancerous phenotype. Zinc homeostasis may play important regulatory roles in both normal growth and carcinogenesis within the prostate, however the mechanism remains obscured. The cytoskeleton is a known target of zinc binding in the cell, especially in microtubules. Crystallization studies have defined binding sites for zinc in microtubules, but cellular evidence is lacking. However, it has been proposed that microtubule dynamics may be disrupted when cellular zinc levels drop. Current drugs approved for use or in clinical trials to treat prostate cancer (paclitaxel, docetaxel, and 2-methoxyestradiol) target the microtubule network resulting in cell death. It is unknown if zinc deficient individuals have alterations in the microtubule network such that the activity of these chemotherapeutic agents is altered. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that inadequate amounts of zinc disrupts microtubule function and decreases efficacy of microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutic agents in prostate cancer cells. DTIC Cancer; Prostate Gland; Zinc

20060048717 New York Univ., New York, NY USA Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Target for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast Skinner, Kristin A; Aug 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0569 Report No.(s): AD-A453373; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453373; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS), the preinvasive form of infiltrating ductal breast cancer, accounts for 20-30% of breast cancers and is treated surgically. In DCIS, the malignant cells are confined within the basement membrane, and so an ideal candidate for local therapies. Because DNA methylation is a potentially reversible mechanism for tumor suppressor gene inactivation, it is an intriguing target for molecular therapeutics. Hypothesis: DNA Methylation is altered in DCIS and is a therapeutic target for intraductal therapy. Specific Aim 1: Document the methylation status of tumor suppressor genes in DCIS. We have documented significant methylation in eight tumor suppressor genes in DCIS. Specific Aim 2: Document the feasibility of an intraductal approach to DCIS. We have successfully performed ductal lavage in 5 patients undergoing surgery for DCIS without any complications. Specific Aim 3: Identify the dose(s) of DAC with biologic activity and acceptable side effects when delivered intraductally to patients with DCIS (Phase I trial). The ultimate goal of this proposal is to evaluate DNA methylation as a target for intraductal therapy. DTIC Breast; Cancer; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Mammary Glands; Methylation; Targets; Therapy

20060048723 Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia, PA USA Characterization of a Novel Intracellular Receptor for Phorbol Esters and Diacylglycerol in Prostate Cancer Martinez, Jose O; Feb 2006; 14 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0014 Report No.(s): AD-A453384; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453384; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The small GTP-binding protein Rae controls essential functions, including actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, adhesion, migration and invasion. The relationship of Rae to prostate carcinogenesis has not been extensively studied. However upstream activators of Rae have been described to be hyperactivated in prostate cancer, and it is well known that growth factors are very important in the control of prostate cancer proliferation and progression, as well as in the maintenance of growth during androgen independency. Chimaerins, through their Rae-GAP activity, accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP from Rae, leading to its inactivation. To date four chimaerin isoforms have been isolated and reported: alpha1, alpha2-, beta1- and beta2-Chimaerin. While 01- and beta1-chimaerin are restricted to brain and testis, respectively, alpha2- and beta2-chimaerin are widely expressed. No experimental information has been reported about the possible role of chimaerins in prostate cancer. Likewise, there are no information available about the expression of different chimaerin in prostate cancer cell lines. Our work hypothesis is that by inhibiting Rae function in prostate cancer cells, chimaerins will impair proliferation and reduce the invasive properties of prostate cancer cells. DTIC Cancer; Esters; Prostate Gland 212

20060048724 Arizona Univ., Tucson, AZ USA B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Radiology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual Search Efficiency Krupinski, Elizabeth A; Jun 2006; 18 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-05-1-0151 Report No.(s): AD-A453386; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453386; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The study compared observer performance and visual search efficiency of radiologists searching for pulmonary nodules on 8-bit vs 11-bit display devices. Scope: Displays from three manufacturers were used at three sites. At each site, 6 radiologists viewed 100 chest images (half with, half without nodules) on both displays. Decisions were recorded as were viewing times and use of window/level. At one site, eye-position was recorded on a sub-set of images to evaluate visual search. Major findings: There was no significant difference in diagnostic performance as a function of display bit-depth. There was a slight viewing time advantage with the 11-bit display and the visual search data indicated it was likely due to increased efficiency in first fixating the nodules and shorter time to discriminate them from background. Time to dismiss obviously normal areas was also shorter. There was no difference in use of window/level. Conclusions: There are no significant advantages to using an 11-bit display for interpreting softcopy radiographic images. DTIC Computer Techniques; Display Devices; Lungs; Neoplasms; Nodules; Radiography; Radiology 20060048725 Armed Forces Research Inst. of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand Research and Operational Support for the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal Thai Government Sangkharomaya, Suebpong; Nitayaphan, Sorachai; Jan 2006; 90 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-2-0005 Report No.(s): AD-A453388; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453388; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy Cooperative agreement # DAMD17-01-2-0005 was implemented January 1, 2001 to provide funding support for Royal Thai Army at Armed Forces Research Institute of medical Sciences (AFRIMS) engaged in research activities in collaboration with US Army. Adminisfrafive logistical and scientific personnel required to support the ongoing US Army AFRIMS research efforts and utilities and maintenance required to support the US Army AFRIMS research effort. DTIC Combat; Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Thailand; Tropical Regions; United States; Vaccines 20060048726 Loma Linda Univ., CA USA Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Prostate Cancer Lilly, Michael; Oct 2005; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0887 Report No.(s): AD-A453390; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453390; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The contract supports studies to define the role of the PIM1 kinase in acquired resistance to chemotherapy by prostate cancer cells. Data to date for specific aim #1 define a signaling pathway induced by docetaxel, involving sequential steps of STAT3 activation, expression of PIM1, and activation of NFkB signaling. Blockade of this pathway by expression of dominant negative PIM1proteins blocks drug-induced upregulation of NFkB activity, and sensitizes cells to docetaxel. Other studies (specific aim #2) focus on identifying a mechanism through which PIM1 activates NFkB. We have unambiguously identified S937 as the major PIM1 phosphorylation site on the NFKB1/p105 precursor protein, through use of LCM/MS/MS analysis. Interestingly PIM2 is only a weak kinase for this site. Additional data (specific aim #3) have been generated to characterize a small molecule inhibitor of PIM1. DTIC Cancer; Chemotherapy; Molecules; Prostate Gland; Targets; Therapy 20060048727 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA Identification of Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast Cancer Ross, Theodora S; May 2006; 43 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0534 Report No.(s): AD-A453391; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453391; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 213

The first hypothesis we are testing is that HIP1 expression is necessary for breast tumorigenesis. We have successfully generated a cohort of breast cancer prone mice (MMTV-Myc) that are deficient (n=20) or replete for HIP1 (n=20). The ongoing experiments show that HIP1 deficiency inhibits the formation of breast tumors. This result is similar to our work that demonstrated that HIP1 is necessary for prostate tumorigenesis (Bradley et al. 2005 Ca Res). These HIPI deficient/MMTVMyc experiments have taken an interesting turn this year. Essenfially we have analyzed the rare tumors that develop in the MMTV-Myc/Hip1 knockout mice and found that cells derived from these tumors (but not the normal tissues from the same mouse) express a ‘mutant’ form of HIP1. We think that this is a way for the cells to adapt to the original targeted loss of function mutation in the Hip1 gene. These data indicate that the expression of HIP1 is completely necessary for the survival of Myc-induced breast cancers. Our plan is to identify the sequence of the mutant forms in hopes of discovering areas of the HIP1 sequence to target for small molecule inhibition. The second hypothesis we have been testing is that dysregulation of endocytosis of EGFR by HIP1 is a mechanism by which HIP1 promotes breast cancer evolution. Indeed we have found that HIP1 overexpression inhibits the degradation the EGFR (Hyun et al. 2004 J Biol Chem). Showing that HIP1 is necessary for breast cancer progression and modulates key growth factor receptors involved in breast cancer fuels the idea that HIP1 inhibition has excellent therapeutic potential. We will continue to explore the activity of distinct regions of HIP1 to discover inhibitors for use in the treatment of breast cancer. DTIC Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Mutations; Proteins; Therapy 20060048730 Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL USA Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes for Breast Cancer Qi, Chao; Mar 2006; 43 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0765 Report No.(s): AD-A453400; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453400; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Chromosomal deletions are very common events in breast cancer. However, no TSGs have been identified from most of recurrent deletions and few identified TSGs do not account for the risk of majority of breast cancer. In additional to the classical TSGs, there are haplo-insufficient TSGs which defy the identification through mutation analysis and may be quite common. By using a new system to generate random chromosomal deletions, we identified a ~3Mbp deletion in mouse chromosome 3, which was associated with tumorigenesis. The expression of Fat4 in the deleted region was inactivated due to promoter methylation in the second allele of Fat4, and the re-expression of Fat4 suppressed the tumorigenecity, suggesting Fat4 as a strong candidate for breast tumor suppressor genes. We also found that Fat4 expression was lost in a high proportion of human breast cancers, some of which were attributed to Fat4 promoter methylation. DTIC Breast; Cancer; Genes; Mammary Glands; Suppressors; Tumor Suppressor Genes 20060048731 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpression of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resistance to Herceptin Xu, Liang; Jul 2005; 5 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0616 Report No.(s): AD-A453404; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453404; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy The major goal of this Concept Award project is to investigate whether a small molecule inhibitor of Bcl-xL will be able to overcome the resistance of Her-2/neu-(+) breast cancer cells to Herceptin. (-)-gossypol showed potent anti-tumor activity to human breast cancer cell lines with high levels of Bcl-xL but has only minimal effect on human normal breast epithelial cells with low Bcl-xL. (-)-gossypol potently enhanced growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by doxorubicin and docetaxel the currently used chemotherapeutic agents for breast cancer. However interaction of (-)-gossypol with Herceptin activity in Her-2(+) breast cancer cells are still ongoing. Bcl-xL knockdown by siRNA abolished the tumorigenecity of Her-2(+) MCF-7 cells. The data support that Bcl-xL plays a critical role in breast cancer initiation progression and chemoresistance but its role in Herceptin resistance remains to be further elucidated. The study provide us a solid foundation to develop (-)-gossypol as a novel molecular targeted therapy for the treatment of breast cancer with Bcl-xL overexpression. DTIC Apoptosis; Breast; Cancer; Inhibitors; Mammary Glands 214

20060048732 Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC USA Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases for Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancer Jung, Mira O; Apr 2006; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0170 Report No.(s): AD-A453405; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453405; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Failure of conventional treatment of prostate cancer with radiotherapy may be due to intrinsic resistance of the tumor cells. One of mechanisms underlying intrinsic radiation sensitivity is linked to the state of chromatin architecture. The long-term goal of this proposal is to develop a novel therapeutic strategy by enhancing radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells by testing the hypothesis that an increase of cellular radiation sensitivity may be achieved by exposure of cells to specific HDAC inhibitors. During the second year of the research funding period, the major accomplishment and significance of the research include:(1) siRNA HDAC isoform transfection and determination of efficacy of siRNA HDAC isoforms on cellular radiation sensitivity. (2) Determination of gene expression profiling regulated by HDAC inhibitor, TSA, and by HDAC isoforms. DTIC Cancer; Inhibitors; Prostate Gland; Radiation Tolerance 20060048733 University of Southern Illinois, Springfield, IL USA Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Prostate Cancer Radioresistance Nie, Daotai; Jan 2006; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0143 Report No.(s): AD-A453406; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453406; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Radiotherapy is a prevalent modality for the treatment of prostate tumor. Although radiation is capable of eradicating localized prostate tumors, nearly 30% of patients treated with potentially curative doses relapse at the sites of irradiation. Therefore, there is an imperative need to improve the success rate of radiotherapy for PCa. This proposal is focused on a role of 12-lipoxygenase (LOX) in modulating the radiation response of PCa cells. 12-LOX catalyzes the formation of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). Our studies suggest an involvement of 12-LOX in radioresistance of PCa cells. It is our hypothesis that an increase in 12-LOX expression/activity may lead to an increased resistance in tumors to radiation treatment. We also hypothesize that VEGF is an important intermediary for 12-LOX mediated radioresistance in PCa. We intend to define the role of 12-LOX in radioresponse in PCa. 12-LOX will be overexpressed in LNCaP and DU145 cells. Then we will study whether an increase in 12-LOX expression in LNCaP and DU145 cells can enhance their resistance to radiotherapy. We also propose to study whether VEGF is required by 12-LOX to enhance PCa radioresistance through blockade of VEGF activity with a neutralizing antibody. Finally, we will evaluate whether BHPP, a 12-LOX inhibitor, can be used to sensitize prostate tumors to radiotherapy. DTIC Cancer; Inhibitors; Irradiation; Neoplasms; Prostate Gland; Radiation Therapy 20060048738 Maryland Univ., Baltimore, MD USA Baltimore City Faith-Based Prostate Cancer Prevention and Control Coalition Plowden, Keith O; Feb 2006; 6 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0297 Report No.(s): AD-A453434; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453434; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy African American men are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer. In order to positively impact this disease, early interventions that encourage early detection and treatment are essential. The primary purpose of this study is to test an investigator developed community-based intervention that explores the impact of peer-outreach workers on prostate cancer knowledge, perceived benefit and barriers, and overall screening behavior. The target sample for this study will be Black men over age 40 who have never participated in prostate cancer screening. Achievement of this objective will result in an increase in prostate cancer knowledge, an increase in perceived benefit prostate cancer screening and treatment; a decrease in perceived barrier to screening, and an increase in screening among men in the intervention group. DTIC Cancer; Health; Prevention; Prostate Gland 215

20060048739 Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN USA Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabolism and Progression From High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN) to Prostate Cancer Fowke, Jay H; Feb 2006; 22 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0139 Report No.(s): AD-A453439; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453439; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The purpose of this case-control study is to investigate the association between genetic and encocrine markers of estrogen metabolism and prostate cancer progression. Androgens (e.g., testosterone) may be critical in prostate cancercinogenesis, but there is accumulating evidence that estrogens facilitate progress during the later stages of prostate cancer formation 1-4. To explore the role of estrogens in human prostate carcinogenesis, we proposed to investigate the association between genetic and endocrine markers of estrogen metabolism and the detection of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and stage I/II/III prostate cancer. The first project year included protocol development and IRB approval, and the second year focused on subject recruitment and data collection. The third year focused on recruitment, data collection, and analysis. Specific accomplishments include recruitment of 717 subjects to the protocol (95% of eligibles). We have conducted several analyses looking at the association between genetic variants or obesity and HGPIN or prostate cancer. We have exceeded recruitment goals, and extended interpretation to current public health priority. Further details provided below are in parallel with the statement of work. DTIC Cancer; Estrogens; Markers; Metabolism; Prostate Gland 20060048748 Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD USA Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors Golech, Susanne A; McCarron, Richard M; Chen, Ye; Bembry, Joliet; Lenz, Frederick; Mechoulam, Raphael; Shohami, Esther; Spatz, Maria; Jan 2004; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453481; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453481; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The arachidonic acid derivative, 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), was initially isolated from gut and brain; it is also produced and released from blood and vascular cells. Many of the 2-AG-induced cellular responses (i.e., neuromodulation, cytoprotection and vasodilation) are mediated by cannabinoid receptors CB1 abd CB2. The findings presented here demonstrate the expression of CB1, CB2 and TRPVl receptors on cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells (HBEC). The expression of TRPVl, CB1 and CB2 receptor mRNA and proteins were demonstrated by RT-PCR and polyclonal antibodies, respectively. The endocannabinoid 2-AG, and other related compounds [anandamide (ANA), methanandamide (m-ANa), N-(hydroxyphenyl-arachidonyl-ethanolamide) (AM404) and capsaicin] dose-dependently stimulated Ca(exp 2+) influx in HBEC. the selective TRPVl receptor antagonist (capsazepine), CBl receptor natagonist (SR141716A) and CB2 receptor antagonist (SR144528) inhibited these responses. The effects of capsaicin, a specific agonist for TRPVl receptors, were inhibited by capsazepine, but only weakly by CB1 or CB2 receptor antagonists. 2-AG also induced phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP); this response was mediated by VR1 receptors. These studies clearly indicate that 2-AG and other related compounds may function as agonists on VR1 receptors, as well as CB1 and CB2 receptors, and implicated these factors in various HBEC functions. DTIC Brain; Cardiovascular System; Endothelium; Mental Performance 20060048759 California Univ., Irvine, CA USA A Functional Genomic Analysis of NF1-Associated Learning Disabilities Tang, Shao-Jun; Feb 2006; 12 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0261 Report No.(s): AD-A453528; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453528; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Learning disabilities severely deteriorate the life of many NFI patients. However, the pathogenic process for NFI-associated learning disabilities has not been fully understood and an effective therapy is not available. This study was proposed to identify genes that are dysregulated in the hippocampus of the Nfl+I- mouse model by DNA microarray analysis. Characterization of these NFI-affected genes will dramatically improve our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis underlying NFI- associated learning deficits. During the second year of the project, we have focused on comparing the 216

genomic expression between wild-type and NFI hippocampi to identified NFI-affected genes. We performed 5 independent DNA microarray experiments with wild-type and NFI RNAs. Results from these microarray analyses indicated that many hippocampal genes are dysregulated in NFI mice. We also performed bioinformatic analyses on the microarray data to investigate the particular neuronal processes are affected by NFI. We found that many of the affected genes are related to svnaotic functions. DTIC Disabilities; Functional Analysis; Genome; Learning 20060048763 ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Dayton, OH USA Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for the Anesthetics Halothane, Isoflurane, and Desflurane in the Pig (SUS SCROFA) Vinegar, Allen; Aug 1999; 27 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-96-C-9010; Proj-7757 Report No.(s): AD-A453549; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453549; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The pig has been commonly used in biomedical research studies because of similarities between humans and pigs in various aspects of structure and function. Under consideration is its use for studying the effects of long-term low-level exposure to organophosphates. In spite of the wide use of the pig as an experimental subject there has been no prior attempt to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to allow linking of external exposure to internal concentrations at sites of effects resulting from xenobiotic exposures. A model was developed with the potential of tracking chemical concentrations in brain, kidney, liver, fat, arterial and venous blood, muscle/skin, and other generally well perfused body organs. As an initial attempt at validating the model, the literature was explored for studies that contained data that were in a form suitable for modeling. Such a study was one in which pigs had been exposed to the anesthetics halothane, isoflurane and desflurane and exhaled concentrations of these chemicals were monitored. These data were used in the initial model validation. The model did an adequate job of simulating the data. Further development and reining of the model will depend on planning actual studies with defined endpoints of interest. DTIC Anesthetics; Organic Phosphorus Compounds; Pharmacology 20060048771 Macula (Anthony J.), Genesseo, NY USA Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Free Codes Macula, Anthony; Bishop, Morgan; May 2006; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-05-C-0031; Proj-230T Report No.(s): AD-A453576; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453576; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Synthetic DNA is proposed for use as an information storage media and three-dimensional structural material in nanotechnology. The main requirement of these systems is large collections of oligonucleotides that will not crosshybridize. The process of designing them has come to be known as DNA word, or DNA code, design. In this research, the DNA code generating software, SysDCode was developed and refined to include pseudoknot secondary structure, simulate hybridization assays, and applied to DNA hybridization algorithms. SynDCode has the ability to create new DNA codes with high binding specificity, filter existing codes through verification, and extend codes where specific oligonucleotides are essential to overall system construction. SynDCode’s robust yet efficient computational model allows for the exploration of unparalleled search space spawning superior codes with higher binding specificity. DTIC Algorithms; Coding; Computer Programs; Data Mining; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Information Retrieval; Molecular Structure; Oligomers 20060048781 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA An Overview of the U.S. Public Health System in the Context of Emergency Preparedness Lister, Sarah A; Mar 17, 2005; 63 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453622; CRS-RL31719; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453622; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report describes the U.S. public health infrastructure: the structure, organization, and legal basis of domestic public 217

health activities. In contrast with healthcare, public health practice is aimed at decreasing the burden of illness and injury in populations, rather than individuals. Public health agencies use epidemiologic investigation, laboratory testing, information technology, public and provider education, and other tools to support their mission, activities that in turn rely on an adequate and well-trained public health workforce. Federal leadership for public health is based in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and in particular at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Most public health authority, such as mandatory disease reporting, licensing of healthcare providers and facilities, and quarantine authority, is actually based with states as an exercise of their police powers. Local and municipal health agencies vary in size, governance, and authority, but they are the front line in responding to public health threats. DTIC Emergencies; Public Health 20060048911 North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill, NC USA Suppression of Prostate Cancer by PTEN and p18INK4c Bai, Feng; Feb 2006; 17 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0011 Report No.(s): AD-A453395; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The Rb pathway suppresses tumorigenesis by constraining G1 cell cycle progression. Functional inactivation or reduction of this pathway is a common event found in many types of human tumors. To test how the Rb pathway interacts with other cellular pathways in tumor suppression, we characterized mice with combined mutations in the CDK inhibitor p18 (exp Ink4c) and the lipid phosphatase PTEN, which regulates cell growth and survival. The p18(exp -/-) ; PTEN (exp +/-) double mutant mice develop prostate cancer in the anterior and dorsolateral lobes and thyroid C-cell tumors with nearly complete penetrance, and pituitary tumors in both the anterior and intermediate lobes. AKT/PKB, an oncoprotein and downstream substrate of PTEN, was activated and accumulated at the plasma membrane in PTEN (exp +/-) cells, and further activated and accumulated in the nucleus in p18 (exp -/-) ; PTEN (exp +/-) tumor cells, suggesting a tissue- and genetic background-dependent haploinsufficiency of Pten in tumor suppression. p18 deletion, CDK4 overexpression, or oncoviral inactivation of Rb family proteins caused activation of Akt/PKB that was recessive to the reduction of PTEN activity. We suggest that p18 and Pten cooperate in tumor suppression by constraining a positive regulatory loop between cell growth and cell cycle control pathways DTIC Cancer; Epithelium; Prostate Gland 20060048916 Naval Medical Research Inst. Detachment, Lima, Peru Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru Blair, Patrick J; Schoeler, George B; Moron, Cecilia; Anaya, Elizabeth; Caceda, Roxana; Cespedes, Manuel; Cruz, Christopher; Felices, Vidal; Guevara, Carolina; Huaman, Alfredo; Jan 2004; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453641; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Between May and October 2002, a cluster of acute febrile illnesses occurred in the subtropical Andean foothills of Peru. Serologic evidence in villages where disease had been documented showed that the prevalence of IgM antibody to Leptospira ranged from 6% to 52%, that of IgM antibody to spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia ranged from 10% to 19%, and that of IgM antibody to Coxiella burnetii from 1% to 15%. Measurement of IgG antibodies for SFG rickettsiae suggested that this disease was endemic. In contrast, IgG antibodies against C. burnetii were largely absent. In humans, microagglutination tests identified pathogenic variants of Leptospira. The presence of an SFG rickettsial infection was confirmed in four febrile patients following polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the conserved 17-kD common antigen gene (htrA). Collectively, these analyses indicated that Rickettsia sp., C. burnetii, and Leptospira sp. were circulating in the region during the time of disease outbreak and implicate the involvement of an as yet undetermined SFG rickettsia in northwestern Peru. DTIC Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Microorganisms; Peru 20060048925 Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically Block Organophosphorylation Rosenberry, Terrone L; Oct 2005; 32 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-2-0024 Report No.(s): AD-A453668; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) 218

Examination of the enzyme structure for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reveals two sites of ligand interaction: The peripheral site (P-site) located at the entrance of the gorge, and the acylation site (A-site) at the base of the gorge. Our goal is to develop high affinity cyclic peptide ligands specific for the P-site that would block the access of organophosphate agents while allowing the passage of acetylcholine to the A-site for use by personnel at risk for nerve gas exposure. Our immediate strategy involves the covalent tethering of cyclic inhibitors via methanethiosulfonate (MTS) linkage to a cyteine on the AChE mutant, H287C. The modified AChEs linked to candidate peptides that inhibit P-site access are selected by affinity chromatography and tested for P-site and A-site affinity by measuring competitive inhibition constants K12 for propidium and tacrine, inhibitors specific for the P- and A-sites, respectively. We are using a combinatorial approach to identify tethered cyclic peptides with high affinity for the P-site. A cyclic octapeptide library with 3000 compounds was synthesized in 30 subsets. The initial subset of 100 compounds has been screened by covalent tethering, affinity chromatography selection, and analysis of competitive inhibition by ligands that bind the site. Candidate cyclic peptides were released from modified AChEs with substantial P-site blockade by reduction with dithiothreitol, and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques were used to characterized the peptides. MALDI TOF MS revealed a mixture of peptides by detecting a series of predicted peptide masses. Peptide sequences were obtained on an ESI ion trap mass spectrometer with MSn capabilities by following peptide fragments through several stages of consecutive collisionally activated decomposition (CAD) mass spectra. Two peptide masses were selected from this first screen, corresponding to sixteen individual peptides because of several D- and L-amino acid combinations. DTIC Acetyl Compounds; Cholinesterase; Inhibitors; Organic Phosphorus Compounds; Peptides 20060048945 Army Medical Research Inst. of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD USA Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival Ribot, Wilson J; Panchal, Rekha G; Brittingham, Katherine C; Ruthel, Gordon; Kenny, Tara A; Lane, Douglas; Curry, Bob; Hoover, Timothy A; Friedlander, Arthur M; Bavari, Sina; Jun 14, 2006; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453733; RPP-06-004; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Alveolar macrophages (AM) are very important for pulmonary innate immune responses against invading inhaled pathogens because they directly kill the organisms and initiate a cascade of innate and adaptive immune responses. Although several factors contribute to inhalational anthrax, we hypothesized that unimpeded infection of Bacillus anthracis is directly linked to disabling the innate immune functions contributed by AM. Here, we investigated the effects of lethal toxin (LT), one of the binary complex virulence factors produced by B. anthracis, on freshly isolated nonhuman primate AM. Exposure of AM to doses of LT that killed susceptible macrophages had no effect on the viability of AM, despite complete MEK1 cleavage. Intoxicated AM remained fully capable of B. anthracis spore phagocytosis. However, pretreatment of AM with LT resulted in a significant decrease in the clearance of both the Sterne strain and the fully virulent Ames strain of B. anthracis, which may have been a result of impaired AM secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Our data imply that cytolysis does not correlate with MEK1 cleavage, and this is the first report of LT-mediated impairment of nonhuman primate AM bactericidal activity against B. anthracis. DTIC Bacillus; Immunity; Infectious Diseases; Macrophages; Survival; Toxins and Antitoxins 20060048955 Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Washington, DC USA Report of Visit to the Public Health College and Training Center at Gondar, February 22-25, 1961 Henderson, L M; Feb 25, 1961; 4 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453772; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy This report documents the activities of L. M. Henderson, member of the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense (ICNND), National Institutes of Health, who visited the Public Health College and Training Center in Gondar, Ethiopia, from 22-25 February, 1961. This was a follow-up visit regarding the Nutrition Survey made by the ICNND team in 1958. The visit was made in the company of Ato Abraham Besrat, who was returning to Ethiopia. The possibility of Ato Abraham’s services being made available to the school on a regular basis was well received and it was suggested that he give approximately 15 hours of instruction in nutrition to the health officers during the first 2 weeks in July each year, with emphasis on the use of readily available Ethiopian foods to meet the nutritional requirements of adults and children of various ages. This proposed loan of Ato Abraham’s services by the college at Alemya was discussed with President Kindell and he expressed a willingness to make such an arrangement if formally requested by the Ministry of Health. As a result of the visit to Alemya it was concluded that a program in food analysis and tests of biological value of proteins can be instituted by Ato 219

Abraham very soon after he arrives at Alemya. To operate most effectively, however, he needs to have a new laboratory furnished with certain basic items of equipment. These items have been discussed with Dr. Kindell and efforts are being made to obtain funds for their purchase from ICNND or NIH. To continue the report on the Gondar trip, the author visited the center at Amba Giorghis, where the building is now completed to the square. A fine water supply is being developed that will provide ample spring water delivered to storage barrels by gravity flow. The health centers at Dabat, Gorgora, and Kella Duba were all visited briefly. This internship training appears to be a wonderful example of the effectiveness of ‘on the job training.’ DTIC Clinical Medicine; Education; Ethiopia; Medical Services; Nutrition; Public Health; Schools; Universities 20060048965 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Organization of Response Areas in Ferret Primary Auditory Cortex Shamma, S A; Fleshman, J W; Wiser, P R; Versnel, H; Jan 1992; 47 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSFD-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A453810; SRC-TR-92-105; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We studied the topographic organization of the response areas obtained from single- and multi-unit recordings along the isofrequency planes of the primary auditory cortex (AI) in the barbiturate- auesthetized ferret. Using a two-tone stimulus, the excitatory and inhibitory portious of the response areas were determined and then parametrized in terms of an asymmetry index. The index measures the balance of excitatory and inhibitory influences around the best frequency (BF). The sensitivity of responses to the direction of a frequency-modulated (FM) tone was tested and found to correlate strongly with the asymmetry index of the response areas. Specifically, cells with strong inhibition from frequencies above (below) the BF preferred upward (downward) sweeps. Responses to spectrally shaped noise were also consistent with the asymmetry of the response areas: cells that were strongly inhibited by frequencies higher than the BF responded best to stimuli that contained least spectral energy above the BF. In a local region, most cells exhibited similar response area types and other response features. The distribution of the asymmetry index values along the isofrequency planes revealed systematic changes in the symmetry of the response areas. At the center response areas with narrow and symmetric initiatory sidebands predominated. These gave way to asymmetric inhibition, with high frequency inhibition (relative to the BF) becoming more effective caudally, and low frequency inhibition more effective rostrally. These response types tended to cluster along repeated hands that paralleled the tonotopic axis. One functional implication of the response area organization is that cortical responses encode the locally averaged gradient of the acoustic spectrum by their differential distribution along the isofrequency planes. DTIC Auditory Perception; Cerebral Cortex; Hearing; Mammals; Sound Waves 20060048972 Walter Reed Army Inst. of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA A Microplate Assay for the Determination of Hemoglobin Concentration Frenchik, Michael D; McFaul, Steve J; Tsonev, Latchezar I; Jan 2004; 4 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453821; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy The conversion of all hemoglobin species to cyanmethemoglobin (CNMetHb) by the addition of potassium ferricyanide and potassium cyanide (Drabkin s reagent) and the subsequent absorbance measurement at 540 nm is used widely in clinical and research laboratories as the standard method for hemoglobin quantitation. In 1984, however, Zander et al. [1] described a spectrophotometric assay based upon the conversion of hemoglobin species to an alkaline hematin detergent complex designated D-575 (AHD), which absorbs maximally at 575 nm and is very stable. The AHD reagent contains 2.5% Triton X100 in 0.1 mol/l sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and converts all hemoglobin species, including COHb, to AHD within 5 min. Both protocols are carried out in cuvettes, and are, therefore, time intensive and difficult to manage when many samples are quantified. This impedes acquisition of triplicate values for each sample necessary to improve accuracy and determine statistical significance. DTIC Assaying; Hemoglobin 20060048985 Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Washington, DC USA Report of Visits to Singapore and Djakarta Follis, R H; Dec 1960; 3 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453846; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy This report documents the activities of R. H. Follis, a consultant to the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for 220

National Defense (ICNND), National Institutes of Health, who visited Singapore and Djakarta in December 1960. The 9th and 10th were spent visiting the University of Malaya Medical School in Singapore. On the first day he met with Dr. T. J. Danaraj, the Dean of the medical school and a Professor of Medicine, who is very interested in nutrition. Dr. Danaraj has asked WHO to help the school obtain a professor to fill a new chair in nutrition. The second day was spent with Dr. Ivan Polunin of the Department of Social Medicine (Public Health). Dr. Polunin took the author on a trip throughout the country. The author arrived in Djakarta on December 11, and the next two days were spent at the medical school there. He met with the Director of the Institute of Nutrition, Dr. Dradjat. The Institute consists of three rooms in the Eijkman Institute building, which is devoted to public health. The facilities of the Nutrition Institute are poor. There is a great deal of enthusiasm, however, with particular emphasis on the training of nutritionists and dietitians. A most interesting day was spent visiting two schools outside of Djakarta. The first is at Pasar Minggu, where graduates from high school are given a 3-year course in practical nutrition. The second school at Bogor is for nutritionists and advanced dietitians. Graduates from these schools go to all parts of Indonesia. Dr. Dradjat knows very little about ICNND operations, but he was most interested to hear of ICNND experiences in Vietnam and Thailand. With a little stimulation, he may be interested in setting the wheels in motion for a nutrition survey in Indonesia. The author also spoke with two physicians about xerophthalmia, which is caused by vitamin A deficiency. Many Indonesians who live in rice-eating areas also suffer from a protein deficiency. DTIC Diets; Education; Indonesia; Nutrition; Schools; Singapore 20060049069 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years Smith, Scott M.; Lane, Helen W.; Kloeris, Vickie; Perchonok, Michele; Zwart, Sara; [2006]; 12 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The space food system has improved over the last 45 years. With the advances for a Moon base, there is a potential that foods in space will be more like home cooked foods. However, until that happens, there will continue to be dehydrated and thermostablized foods providing the bulk of the astronauts food. In order for the astronauts to have adequate macronutrients, a food system must be developed including raising plants and food preparation, both a major challenge given the limited water, volume, and power. The lunar kitchens will be very different, but good food is essential to maintain good health. Author Dehydrated Food; Food Intake; Astronauts; Nutrition; Manned Space Flight; Food Production (In Space) 20060049108 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center: Issues for Congress Shea, Dana A; Apr 25, 2005; 11 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453694; CRS-RL32891; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The construction of the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), with an estimated construction cost of $128 million, will be the first Department of Homeland Security laboratory specifically focused on biodefense. Its programmatic contents and component organization are unclear, as conflicting information has been provided during each of the past three budget cycles. Congressional oversight of programs, especially those performed in federal facilities for homeland security purposes, is considered key to maintaining transparency in biodefense. Policy issues which may interest Congress include funding for the construction of the NBACC facility, transparency of research activities performed through the center, and the potential for duplication of effort between the Department of Homeland Security and other federal agencies. This report will be updated as circumstances warrant. DTIC Countermeasures; Defense Program; Security 20060049121 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA Nutrition Issues for Space Exploration Smith, Scott; Zwart, Sara R.; [2006]; 14 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Optimal nutrition will be critical for crew members who embark on space exploration missions. Nutritional assessment provides an opportunity to ensure that crew members begin their missions in optimal nutritional status, to document changes in status during a mission, and to assess changes after landing to facilitate return of the crew to their normal status as soon as possible after landing. Nutritional assessment provides the basis for intervention, if it is necessary, to maintain optimal 221

status throughout the mission. We report here our nutritional assessment of the US astronauts who participated in the first twelve International Space Station missions. Author Nutrition; International Space Station; Flight Crews; Astronauts 20060049136 HM Naval Base, Plymouth, UK The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Particle Study Benton, P J; Slavin, D E; Dinardi, S R; Burnside, D; Woolrich, R; Nov 2005; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00024-05-R-A08B2B Report No.(s): AD-A453616; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453616; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are recognized as being associated with an increase in respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The submarine atmosphere is a closed environment in which it is known that potential sources of UFPs are present, especially within the engineering spaces. Prior to this study no attempt had been made to determine whether UFPs are also present in the submarine atmosphere. To determine whether UFPs are present in significant numbers within the submarine atmosphere. DTIC Cardiovascular System; Closed Ecological Systems; Particle Size Distribution 20060049196 Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD USA Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs With Neurologic Decompression Sickness Nyquist, Paul A; Dick, Jr, Edward J; Buttolph, Thomas B; Jan 2004; 5 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-M0099 Report No.(s): AD-A453847; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453847; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy In a porcine model of neurological decompression sickness (DCS), perivascular leukocyte activation was a consistent finding in biopsies of associated cutaneous DCS. This prompted examination of other organs for similar changes; multifocal leukocyte activation was found in the lungs (pneumonitis) and liver (hepatitis). Hypothesis: DCS in pigs induces leukocyte aggregation and activation in the liver and lungs. Methods: Male Yorkshire swine, trained to run on a modified treadmill, were compressed to 200 ft of seawater (fsw) in a dry, air-filled compression chamber. Decompression varied according to the profile under study. Results: In 106 pigs, evidence for association of leukocyte aggregation and activation with the clinical diagnosis of neurologic DCS was sought. The incidence of pneumonitis (20/68, 29% with DCS; 4/38, 10% without DCS) and hepatitis (23/68, 33% with DCS; 4/38, 10% without DCS) were strongly correlated with the incidence of neurologic DCS via Pearson Chi-squared analysis (p = 0.026 pneumonitis and p 0.008 hepatitis). DTIC Decompression Sickness; Detection; Leukocytes 20060049199 Walter Reed Army Inst. of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain Godkar, Praful B; Gordon, Richard K; Ravindran, Arippa; Doctor, Bhupendra P; Jan 2004; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453857; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453857; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Aqueous extracts of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) seed have been reported to improve learning and memory in rats. In addition, these extracts were shown to have antioxidant properties, augmented endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and decreased lipid peroxidation in rat brain. However, water soluble extracts of CP seed (CP-WSE) have not been evaluated for their neuroprotective effects. In the study reported here, we used enriched forebrain primary neuronal cell (FBNC) cultures to study the neuroprotective effects of three CP-WSE extracts (a room temperature, WF; a hot water, HF; and an acid, AF) on glutamate-induced toxicity. FBNC were pre-treated with the CP-WSE and then with glutamate to evaluate the protection afforded against excitatory amino acid-induced toxicity. The criteria for neuroprotection were based on the effects of CP-WSE on a mitochondrial function test following glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Pre-treatment of neuronal cells with CP-WSE significantly attenuated glutamate-induced neuronal death. To understand the molecular mechanism of action of CP-WSE, we 222

conducted electrophysiological studies using patch clamp techniques on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-activated whole-cell currents in FBNC. WSE significantly and reversibly inhibited whole-cell currents activated by NMDA. The results suggest that CP-WSE protected neuronal cells against glutamate-induced toxicity by modulating glutamate receptor function. DTIC Amino Acids; Glutamates; Learning; Neurophysiology; Rats; Seeds; Solubility; Toxicity; Water

20060049200 Cleveland State Univ., Cleveland, OH USA Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites Sam-Yellowe, Tobili Y; Florens, Laurence; Wang, Tongmin; Raine, J D; Carucci, Daniel J; Sinden, Robert; Yates ,III, John R; Jan 2004; 8 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-2-0003; AI36470 Report No.(s): AD-A453861; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453861; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The rhoptries of Plasmodium species participate in merozoite invasion and modification of the host erythrocyte. However, only a few rhoptry proteins have been identified using conventional gene identification protocols. To investigate the protein organization of this organelle and to identify new rhoptry proteins, merozoite rhoptries from three different Plasmodium rodent species were enriched by sucrose density gradient fractionation, and subjected to proteome analysis using multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT); 148 proteins were identified. To distinguish abundant cellular contaminants from bona fide organellar proteins, a differential analysis comparing the proteins in the rhoptry-enriched fractions to proteins identified from whole cell lysates of P. berghei mixed asexual blood stages was undertaken. In addition, the proteins detected were analyzed for the presence of transmembrane domains, secretory signal peptide, cell adhesion motifs, and/or rhoptry-specific tyrosinesorting motifs. Combining the differential analysis and bioinformatic approaches, a set of 36 proteins was defined as being potentially located to the Plasmodium rhoptries. Among these potential rhoptry proteins were homologues of known rhoptry proteins, proteases, and enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Molecular characterization and understanding of the supramolecular organization of these novel potential rhoptry proteins may assist in the identification of new intervention targets for the asexual blood stages of malaria. DTIC Erythrocytes; Genes; Organelles; Proteome

20060049201 National Inst. of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Bethesda, MD USA Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel Cai, Decheng; McCarron, Richard M; Yu, Erik Z; Li, Yingyue; Hallenbeck, John; Jan 2004; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453867; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453867; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Hibernation in mammals is a reversible state of suspended animation associated with tolerance to an otherwise lethal reduction of core body temperature and metabolism. An integral aspect of hibernation is tolerance to a profound decrease of cerebral perfusion. Identification of regulatory mechanisms that control hibernation in ground squirrels can guide efforts to develop improved treatment for stroke and brain trauma. In this study, we show in multiple tissues that S473 phosphorylation of Akt (Protein kinase B), a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinaseregulated serine/threonine kinase, was significantly reduced ( P\h0.001) as was its kinase activity ( P=0.023) in the 13-lined ground squirrel, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, during hibernation. T308 phosphorylation of Akt was relatively preserved. Brain immunohistochemical staining confirmed these results. In hibernating animals, reduction of immunoreactive phospho (S473)-Akt was noted throughout the brain. Akt is a key molecule in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signal transduction pathway, which plays a critical role in the balance between survival and apoptosis. The data presented here raise the possibility that down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation plays a regulatory role in hibernation. This would resemble dauer larva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans where Akt inhibition is associated with energy conservation, fat storage, expression of antioxidant enzymes and growth arrest. DTIC Enzyme Activity; Enzymes; Ground Squirrels; Hibernation; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation; Squirrels 223

20060049203 Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA USA Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax Hoffmaster, Alex R; Ravel, Jacques; Rasko, David A; Chapman, Gail D; Chute, Michael D; Marston, CHung K; De, Barun K; Sacchi, Claudio T; Fitzgerald, Collette; Jan 2004; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N01-AI15447 Report No.(s): AD-A453875; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453875; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax, an acute fatal disease among mammals. It was thought to differ from Bacillus cereus, an opportunistic pathogen and cause of food poisoning, by the presence of plasmids pXO1 and pXO2, which encode the lethal toxin complex and the poly- -D-glutamic acid capsule, respectively. This work describes a non-B. anthracis isolate that possesses the anthrax toxin genes and is capable of causing a severe inhalation anthrax-like illness. Although initial phenotypic and 16S rRNA analysis identified this isolate as B. cereus, the rapid generation and analysis of a high-coverage draft genome sequence revealed the presence of a circular plasmid, named pBCXO1, with 99.6% similarity with the B. anthracis toxin-encoding plasmid, pXO1. Although homologues of the pXO2 encoded capsule genes were not found, a polysaccharide capsule cluster is encoded on a second, previously unidentified plasmid, pBC218. A J mice challenged with B. cereus G9241 confirmed the virulence of this strain. These findings represent an example of how genomics could rapidly assist public health experts responding not only to clearly identified select agents but also to novel agents with similar pathogenic potentials. In this study, we combined a public health approach with genome analysis to provide insight into the correlation of phenotypic characteristics and their genetic basis. DTIC Bacillus; Bacteria; Etiology; Genes; Infectious Diseases; Respiration; Sicknesses; Toxins and Antitoxins 20060049206 Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD USA Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome Haddad, Diana; Bilcikova, Erika; Witney, Adam A; Carlton, Jane M; White, Charles E; Blair, Peter L; Chattopadhyay, Rana; Russell, Joshua; Abot, Esteban; Charoenvit, Yupin; Mar 2004; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453901; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453901; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We describe a novel approach for identifying target antigens for preerythrocytic malaria vaccines. Our strategy is to rapidly test hundreds of DNA vaccines encoding exons from the Plasmodium yoelii yoelii genomic sequence. In this antigen identification method, we measure reduction in parasite burden in the liver after sporozoite challenge in mice. Orthologs of protective P. y. yoelii genes can then be identified in the genomic databases of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax and investigated as candidate antigens for a human vaccine. A pilot study to develop the antigen identification method approach used 192 P. y. yoelii exons from genes expressed during the sporozoite stage of the life cycle. A total of 182 (94%) exons were successfully cloned into a DNA immunization vector with the Gateway cloning technology. To assess immunization strategies, mice were vaccinated with 19 of the new DNA plasmids in addition to the well-characterized protective plasmid encoding P. y. yoelii circumsporozoite protein. Single plasmid immunization by gene gun identified a novel vaccine target antigen which decreased liver parasite burden by 95% and which has orthologs in P. vivax and P. knowlesi but not P. falciparum. Intramuscular injection of DNA plasmids produced a different pattern of protective responses from those seen with gene gun immunization. Intramuscular immunization with plasmid pools could reduce liver parasite burden in mice despite the fact that none of the plasmids was protective when given individually. We conclude that high-throughput cloning of exons into DNA vaccines and their screening is feasible and can rapidly identify new malaria vaccine candidate antigens. DTIC Antigens; Coding; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Genome; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Vaccines 20060049207 Glaxosmithkline Biologicals SA, Rixensart, Belgium Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines Ballou, W R; Arevalo-Herrera, Myriam; Carucci, Daniel; Richie, Thomas L; Corradin, Giampietro; Diggs, Carter; Druilhe, Pierre; Giersing, Birgitte K; Saul, Allan; Heppner, D G; Jan 2004; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453902; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453902; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The recent availability of significantly increased levels of funding for unmet medical needs in the developing world, made available by newly created public-private partnerships, has proven to be a powerful driver for stimulating clinical development 224

of candidate vaccines for malaria. This new way forward promises to greatly increase the likelihood of bringing a safe and effective vaccine to licensure. The investigators bring together important published and unpublished information that illuminates the status of malaria vaccine development. They focus their comments on those candidate vaccines that are currently in or expected to enter clinical trials in the next 12 months. DTIC Parasitic Diseases; Vaccines

20060049209 Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD USA CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Activity for TH1 Immune Responses Charoenvit, Yupin; Goel, Neena; Whelan, Michael; Rosenthal, Kenneth S; Zimmerman, Daniel H; Apr 8, 2004; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453919; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453919; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy CEL-1000 (derG, DGQEEKAGVVSTGLIGGG) is a small immunomodulatory peptide which delivers demonstrated protective activity in two infectious disease challenge models (HSV and malaria) and an allogenic tumor vaccine model. CEL-1000 and other activators (defensin-beta , CpG ODN, and imiquimod) of the innate immune system promote IFN-gamma -associated protective responses. CEL-1000 is an improved form of peptide G (a peptide from human MHC II beta chain second domain, aa 135 149) known to enhance immune responses of other immunogenic peptides. Since defensin-beta , CpG ODN, and imiquimod have been shown to possess adjuvant activity, we investigated the adjuvant effect of peptide G and CEL-1000 as conjugates with HIV and malaria peptides. Antibody titers and isotypes were evaluated on serum taken from select days following immunization. Results for CEL-1000 and G peptide conjugates were compared with results for KLH conjugates of the same HIV peptide from the p17 molecule (87 116) referred to as HGP-30. Studies demonstrated that comparable titers were seen on day 28, 42, 63, and 77 with either G or KLH-HGP-30 peptide conjugates. In another study, CEL-1000 conjugates (CEL-1000-HGP-30) demonstrated a 4 10-fold higher titer antibody response than seen with several other peptide conjugates of the same HGP-30 peptide. Improved adjuvant activity of CEL-1000 in peptide conjugates was also demonstrated by a shift in the antibody isotypes toward a Th1 response (IgG2a). The IgG2a/IgG1, ratio for G-HGP-30 HIV or KLH-HGP-30 HIV conjugates were lower than for the CEL-1000-HGP-30 HIV conjugate.Asimilar favoring of the IgG2a/IgG1 ratiowas seen for amalaria peptide conjugate (CEL-1000-SF/GF) compared to the un-conjugated peptide (SF-GF). CEL-1000 also showed adjuvant activity in an allogenic tumor vaccine model. As expected for an adjuvant, CEL-1000 or G does not induce detectable self-directed or cross reactive antibodies. DTIC Immunity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Peptides; Physiological Responses

20060049213 Uniformed Services Univ. of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM Rollwagen, F M; Davis, T A; Li, Y Y; Pacheco, N D; Zhu, X L; Mar 30, 2004; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453923; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453923; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Orally administered interleukin (IL)-6 has been shown to be of benefit in eliminating Campylobacter infection and in preventing sepsis following hemorrhage. In related experiments, it was seen that proliferating cells were found in the spleens of untreated mice given IL-6 by oral gavage. Injection of the DNA label, BrdU, showed that significant proliferation began at 4 h and peaked at 24 h in the splenic red pulp of animals given oral IL-6. Mice given saline showed no increase in splenic BrdU uptake. Histological analysis suggested a hematopoietic lineage for these cells. Clonogenic assays performed on spleen cells taken from mice given oral IL-6 revealed that increased granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (GM-CFU) were present at 24 h post-IL-6 administration. No increase in GM colonies occurred in mice fed IL-3, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF. RT-PCR analysis of intestinal mRNA from treated mice revealed that GM-CSF mRNA was elevated at 4 h after oral IL-6 administration, but not in mice fed other cytokines. It is suggested that oral administration of IL-6 induces both proliferation and a brief elevation of GM-CFU in the hematopoietic spleens of mice. This increase appears to be the result of increased GM-CSF mRNA production in the intestines of mice fed IL-6. DTIC Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Gene Expression; Genes; Hematopoietic System; Infectious Diseases; Intestines 225

20060049214 Naval Medical Research Inst, Yokosuka, Japan Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis With Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report Okumura, Keiko; Schroff, Richard; Campbell, Rwanda; Nishioka, Lucas; Elster, Eric; Jan 2004; 4 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453925; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453925; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci cause a wide range of infectious diseases such as pharyngitis impetigo, rheumatic fever, and even septic shock. Group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis is uncommon today, but recent reports indicate a reemergence of virulent strains can cause toxic-mediated shock and multiple organ failure. We present a case report of a 29 years old postpartum woman after cesarean section who presented group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis. Furthermore, we discuss the GAS strain in the patient and its relation with close contact among family members. The group A streptococci (GAS) were isolated from the patient’s retroperitoneal fluid and from her husband’s throat swab, respectively. Both isolates were shown to be identical: M Type 1. It is well known that exotoxin shock syndrome (STSS). We conclude that in this patient, close contacts of persons with GAS appear to be at risk for colonization with identical strains of STSS-causing GAS such as M1 or M3 serotypes. Therefore, the appropriate antibiotic including antibiotic prophylaxis for close contact should be considered. DTIC Microorganisms; Rheumatic Diseases; Signs and Symptoms; Streptococcus 20060049221 Internet2, Ann Arbor, MI USA Supporting Connectivity for Biomedical Research McGill, Michael; May 2006; 24 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-06-1-0463 Report No.(s): AD-A453935; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453935; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy High-speed computer networks are vital to biomedical research yet the infrastructure supporting network connectivity remains unevenly distributed. This workshop joined together biomedical researchers networking experts and computer scientists (Appendices I and 2) to identify key challenges to improving network connectivity and utilization across a broad spectrum of users including those with access to cutting-edge networks and those with little or no connectivity. A draft white paper developed by NCRR TATRC and Internet2 staff with help from experts in relevant fields was circulated to participants prior to the workshop to frame discussions at the executive session. The charge to the group at the executive session was to identify key needs and priorities for cyberinfrastructure development during the next 3 to 5 years and to examine best practices for implementing collaborative networks driven by research opportunities across the health research spectrum: 1) Basic Biomedical and Behavioral Research; 2) Clinical and Translational Research; 3) Health Care Quality, Safety and Effectiveness Research; 4) Health Disparities in Underserved Populations; 5) Public Health Monitoring, Biosurveillance, and Situational Awareness; 6) Interdisciplinary Research Training and Education Health Information; 7) Dissemination to Community Providers and Patients. DTIC Biomedical Data; Computer Networks; Medical Science 20060049252 Arizona Univ., Tucson, AZ USA Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inhalation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biomarkers and Time Course of Lung Inflammation Burgess, Jefferey L; Apr 2006; 51 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0673 Report No.(s): AD-A454001; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454001; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The role of lung inflammatory mediators in the development of lung injury following smoke inhalation is unknown. To evaluate the predictive value and role of inflammatory mediators in acute lung injury following smoke inhalation. Specific aims: 1) Determine the predictive value of initial inflammatory markers in bronchial secretions of smoke inhalation victims for subsequent lung injury. 2) Measure longitudinal changes in inflammatory mediators in smoke inhalation victims. Study design: Bronchial secretions from 200-250 intubated patients with smoke inhalation injury will be evaluated for initial and longitudinal changes concentrations of substance P, TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-8, and IL-10, as well as cell count and differential every two hours to a maximum of 72 hours. Initial lung inflammation and changes in inflammatory markers will be compared 226

in patients without and without subsequent significant lung injury. Progress to date: We have enrolled 95 subjects to date and analyzed 23-32 subjects with for TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-8, IL-10, sFASl, substance P, IL-1RA, alpha2M, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 concentrations. We have found temporal changes in IL-8 and IL-1beta, and a significant relation between low initial IL-8 and risk of ALI. Further analysis of the concentrations of biomarkers predictive of the severity of subsequent lung injury await completion of recruitment. DTIC Biomarkers; Injuries; Lungs; Predictions; Respiration; Smoke 20060049253 New Jersey Medical School, Piscataway, NJ USA Activation and Protection of Dendritic Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environment Guruli, Georgi; Jordon, Mark L; Feb 2006; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-05-1-0181 Report No.(s): AD-A454002; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454002; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy First annual report for this award. Experiments were conducted as was scheduled in the Statement of Work. So far studies have demonstrated for the first time the presence of endothelin receptors on murine DC, and the fact of endothelin-1 production by murine DC upon stimulation with TNF+. Phenotyping of dendritic cells stimulated with TNF+ and treated with endothelin receptor inhibitors demonstrated decreased expression of pro-inflammatory co-stimulatory molecules (CD4O, VD8O, CD86, CD205, MHC class II) with the blockade of ETA receptors, and no change or mild increase in the expression of co- stimulatory molecules with the blockade of ETB receptors. In vivo administration of endothelin A receptor inhibitor abolished the effect of infectious stimulus to mobilize dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes. Functional studies are under way to further characterize the role of endothelin receptors in the biology of dendritic cells, as well as to study the interaction of dendritic cells and prostate cancer cells, and develop the means of active cell therapy for murine prostate cancer model. DTIC Cancer; Prostate Gland; Protection 20060049255 Jackson (Henry M.) Foundation, Rockville, MD USA Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Cancer Srivastava, Meera; Mar 2005; 18 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0107 Report No.(s): AD-A454004; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454004; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanism and the signaling pathway by which the ANX7 gene induces death of prostate cancer cells. The ANX7 induced apoptotic pathway involves calcium and cytochrome c release and morphological changes, nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Overexpression of ANX7 reduces the percentage of cells that are capable of responding to the IP3-generating agonist acetylcholine with a reduction in the magnitude of the response to acetylcholine. Using cDNA microarray and Western blot analysis, we have identified the downstream targets and signaling pathway of ANX7 in apoptosis and suppression of prostate caner cell growth. We identified the apoptosis, metastatic and cell cycle corrected genes which show equivalent relative expression in PREC normal prostate cells and transfected metastatic DU145 cancer cells with ANX7J, wt-ANX7 or P53. Taken together, these data indicate that ANX7 suppresses prostate cancer cell growth by apoptosis and calcium plays a role via IP3-Receptor. In addition, we have identified the members of the members of the ANX7 signaling pathway. ANX7, Calcium, IP3 Receptor, Signal Transduction, cDNA Microarray DTIC Apoptosis; Calcium; Cancer; Cytochromes; Genes; Morphology; Oxidase; Prostate Gland; Tumor Suppressor Genes 20060049256 Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA Positional Cloning of an Ashkenzai Jewish Hereditary Prostate Cancer Friedrichsen, Danielle; Jan 2006; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0083 Report No.(s): AD-A454005; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454005; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The fellowship aimed to confirm the 7q11-21 linkage result, to identify the founder haplotype and to clone the disease227

associated mutation. The final research accomplished has: 1) confirmed the 7q11-21 linkage result by analysis of additional microsatellite markers in the 37.6 cM region and a combined genome-wide scan of 36 Jewish HPC families (empirical P=O.006); 2) defined the minimal recombination region for the 18 PROGRESS Jewish families as a 5.7 cM interval with 21 RefSeq genes; 3) sequenced almost all of the exons in the MRR (1191134, 88%); 4) genotyped key individuals from the 18 Jewish families on the Affymetrix 1OOK SNP chips (163 total chips); 5) built the chromosome 7 haplotypes in each family with the 7,069 SNPs from the SNP chips; 6) designed and wrote analysis scripts to identify haplotype patterns enriched in the affecteds; 7) investigated 22 regions further by genotyping 113 potentially informative SNPs from the HapMap project; 8) generated a large volume of chromosome 7 genetic information with a total of 73 microsatellites, 7,069 chip SN Ps, and 727 sequenced SNPs or amplicons with one or more exons. DTIC Cancer; Cloning (Biology); Genetics; Prostate Gland

20060049257 Maryland Univ., Baltimore, MD USA Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders With Mitochondrial Dysfunction Bambrick, Linda L; Sep 2005; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0745 Report No.(s): AD-A454007; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454007; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This research program will determine whether accelerated neuron death due to increased oxidative stress resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction can be compensated or corrected by neurotrophin stimulation. The experiments will be carried out in two models of mitochondrial dysfunction. 1)hippocampal neurons from the trisomy 16 mouse, which undergo increased apoptosis and have a mitochondrial defect, that has now been identified as a decrease in Complex I-mediated respiration and 2)neurons chronically treated with the neurotoxin rotenone to induce a defect in mitochondrial function. 0.1-0.5 nM rotenone treatment has now been shown to leave hippocampal neurons vulnerable to a second oxidative stress. A unique aspect of this approach is that the neuronal responsiveness to brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) will be enhanced by overexpressing the BDNF receptor via an adenovirus vector, resulting in an increase in sensitivity to BDNF. Such neurons would be expected to have an enhanced survival response to endogenous BDNF and may be more resistant to oxidative stress characteristic of Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. DTIC Cells (Biology); Diseases; Hippocampus; Mitochondria; Nervous System; Therapy

20060049259 Army Medical Research Inst. of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD USA Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox Heraud, Jean-Michel; Edghill-Smith, Yvette; Ayala, Victor; Kalisz, Irene; Parrino, Janie; Kalyanaram, Vaniambadi S; Manischewitz, Jody; King, Lisa R; Hryniewicz, Anna; Trindade, Christopher J; May 27, 2006; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454019; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454019; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The smallpox vaccine Dryvax, a live vaccinia virus (VACV), protects against smallpox and monkeypox, but is contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals. Because Abs to VACV mediate protection, a live virus vaccine could be substituted by a safe subunit protein-based vaccine able to induce a protective Ab response. We immunized rhesus macaques with plasmid DNA encoding the monkeypox orthologs of the VACV L1R, A27L, A33R, and B5R proteins by the intradermal and i.m. routes, either alone or in combination with the equivalent recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli. Animals that received only DNA failed to produce high titer Abs, developed innumerable skin lesions after challenge, and died in a manner similar to placebo controls. By contrast, the animals vaccinated with proteins developed moderate to severe disease (20-155 skin lesions) but survived. Importantly, those immunized with DNA and boosted with proteins had mild disease with 15 or fewer lesions that resolved within days. DNA/protein immunization elicited Th responses and binding Ab titers to all four proteins that correlated negatively with the total lesion number. The sera of the immunized macaques recognized a limited number of linear B cell epitopes that are highly conserved among orthopoxviruses. Their identification may guide future efforts to develop simpler, safer, and more effective vaccines for monkeypox and smallpox. DTIC Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Monkeys; Vaccines; Viruses 228

20060049265 University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA Transcriptional Analysis of the bgIP Gene from Streptococcus mutans Cote, Christopher K; Honeyman, Allen L; Apr 21, 2006; 12 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DEI-0890 Report No.(s): AD-A454026; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454026; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Backgrounds: An open reading frame encoding a putative antiterminator protein, LicT, was identified in the genomic sequence of Streptococcus mutans. A potential ribonucleic antitermination (RAT) site to which the LicT protein would potentially bind has been identified immediately adjacent to this open reading frame. The licT gene and RAT site are both located 5’ to a beta-glucoside PTS regulon previously described in S. mutans that is responsible for esculin utilization in the presence of glucose. It was hypothesized that antitermination is the regulatory mechanism that is responsible for the control of the bglP gene expression, which encodes an esculin-specific PTS enzyme II. RESULTS: To localize the promoter activity associated with the bglP locus, a series of transcriptional lacZ gene fusions was formed on a reporter shuttle vector using various DNA fragments from the bglP promoter region. Subsequent beta-galactosidase assays in S. mutans localized the bglP promoter region and identified putative -35 and -10 promoter elements. Primer extension analysis identified the bglP transcriptional start site. In addition, a terminated bglP transcript formed by transcriptional termination was identified via transcript mapping experiments. CONCLUSION: The physical location of these genetic elements, the RAT site and the promoter regions, and the identification of a short terminated mRNA support the hypothesis that antitermination regulates the bglP transcript. DTIC Ribonucleic Acids; Streptococcus 20060049268 Texas Univ., Houston, TX USA Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecular Target in Breast Cancer Tari, Ana; Mar 2006; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0459 Report No.(s): AD-A454034; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454034; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy High levels of Wilms’ Tumor 1 (WT1) mRNA in breast tumors have been linked with poor prognosis for breast cancer patients. However, the function of WT1 protein in breast cancer was not known. We reported the expression of WT1 protein in 9 out of 10 human breast cancer cell lines. The levels of WT1 protein were increased by the HER2/neu oncogene and 17 -estradiol. We demonstrated that WT1 protein is vital to the proliferation of breast cancer cells since down regulation of WT1 protein expression led to breast cancer growth inhibition and apoptosis, which was correlated with decreased cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 levels. WT1 has been shown to undergo two splicing events, which result in four different isoforms. Stable transfection of the different WT1 isoforms was performed in MCF-7 cells. Our data indicate that the WT1 isoforms enhance the in vitro proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, but do not modulate the sensitivities of MCF-7 cells to doxorubicin, taxol, or tamoxifen. WT1 protein enhances breast tumorigenesis induced by other oncogenes or growth factors, such as HER2/neu and estradiol, but its over expression alone is not sufficient to induce breast tumorigenesis. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER of PAGES 9 Proliferation, apoptosis, chemoresistance, signal transduction 16. DTIC Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Proteins; Targets; Tumors 20060049270 Brown Univ., Providence, RI USA Treatment of PTSD-Related Anger in Troops Returning From Hazardous Deployments Shea, M T; Mar 2006; 215 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-05-1-0171 Report No.(s): AD-A454041; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454041; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy The long-term goal of the research is to provide an effective intervention for the prevention of secondary and escalating effects of poor anger control associated with trauma-related anger problems. The specific objectives are to adapt an existing evidenced-based cognitive-behavioral intervention (CBI) for the treatment of anger to specific needs of military personnel returning from hazardous deployments, and to conduct a pilot study providing preliminary data on the adapted intervention. Progress: The protocol received final Human Subjects approval from (DOD) on February 28, 2006. Work accomplished while waiting for approval includes extensive adaptation and revision of the CBI manual, adaptation and revision of the control 229

condition manual (supportive intervention or SI), and training of the interviewer. Recruiting of subjects began following Human Subject approval. One subject is in treatment and 3 referrals are being scheduled for assessment. DTIC Deployment; Military Personnel 20060049271 Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine and Surgical Simulation Vesely, Ivan; Jul 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0673 Report No.(s): AD-A454044; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454044; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The objectives of this project were to develop computer based models of soft tissues that could eventually be integrated into virtual reality-based surgical simulators. To that end, we have developed a number of computer algorithms that span the scales from the microstructural to the phenomenological, and from 1-D to 3-D. For the 1-D case, we have developed a model of fractional order viscoelasticity. For the 3-D case, we have developed an invariant-based formulation of dispersed isotropy and implemented it in a model of blood vessel. Although the later employs as statistical measure of fiber dispersion, both a essentially phenomenological models. To implement tissue microstructure, we developed a micromechanical model based on the General Method of Cells. Through this model, we were able to model fiber-matrix interactions explicitly. These models are currently being validated and implemented into larger organ simulations. DTIC Blood Vessels; Computer Programs; Computerized Simulation; Simulation; Surgery; Surgical Instruments; Telemedicine 20060049273 Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC USA Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Hexaphosphate Banerjee, Partha P; Feb 2006; 35 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0080 Report No.(s): AD-A454047; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454047; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Prostate cancer is the most common invasive malignancy and second leading cause of cancer death in men in the USA and many other parts of the world. Up till now, hormone ablation therapy is the major way to treat prostate cancer. Such therapy only causes a temporary regression and tumor growth resumes within 6-18 months. It is now well established that aberrant expressions of mitogenic growth factors and their receptors are responsible for unregulated growth of the prostate cancer. Once autocrine growth factor loops are operative, prostate cancer progresses to an androgen independent state. It is uniformly fatal because no systemic therapy currently exists that inhibit growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Therefore better androgen blockade is not the answer for treating prostate cancer. Rather, research efforts should focus on the therapeutic agents that will inhibit growth factor signaling pathways thereby inhibit growth. While many new classes of cancer chemopreventive agents are being evaluated in clinical trials for other malignancies, little success has been achieved in terms of prostate cancer prevention. During the past several years, a large number of studies have pointed out that inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), the most abundant phosphorylated inositol present in beans, cereal grains, lentils and legumes, could have beneficial effect on variety of cancers. The underlying hypothesis driving our work is that unregulated expression of mitogenic growth factors are responsible for carcinogenesis of the prostate gland and IP6 can prevent such development by inhibiting growth factor-induced signal transduction. Therefore, IP6 could be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. DTIC Cancer; Death; Health; Hormones; Inositols; Prevention; Prostate Gland 20060049275 Jackson (Henry M.) Foundation, Rockville, MD USA Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of Overweight and Obesity in African Americans and Caucasians Deuster, Patricia A; Mar 2006; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-2-0024 Report No.(s): AD-A454054; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454054; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Obesity has reached epidemic levels and yet the incidence continues to rise. The current study is seeking to examine the 230

hypothesis that obesity may reflect dysfunctioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (H PA) axis in response to stressors. African American persons are at greatest risk, but reasons for this difference are unknown. We will study 120 men and women of Caucasian and African American ethnicity and examine their responses to physiologic stressors: exercise and ingestion of a meal. Methods: The HPA axis will be studied in some detail by using two stressor paradigms and two steroid regimens. We expect to be able to detect subtle differences in HPA axis reactivity in obese individuals that might contribute to morbidity and perhaps even make individuals resistant to therapeutic interventions. Results: We have enrolled 96 participants, with 66 completed. Data collection and analyses are proceeding on schedule. Two abstracts were submitted and accepted for presentation in Spring 2006. Conclusions: We are on schedule for all study milestones and look forward to being able to answer the important questions regarding the potential role of the HPA axis in obesity. DTIC Africa; Endocrinology; Obesity; Physiology; Races (Anthropology)

20060049277 Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (Provisional), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices Pickard, Brian; Clarke, Steven; Bettin, William; Mar 2006; 23 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-31-002-0306 Report No.(s): AD-A454058; TIP-31-002-0306; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454058; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to potable water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide potable water in these situations. Such IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of chlorine to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats posed by these microorganisms. This information paper provides an in-depth review of chlorine as a disinfectant in potable water supplies. This paper is intended to assist the reader in evaluating the disinfection capabilities of IWPDs using chlorine to kill or inactivate disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts. DTIC Antiseptics; Chlorine; Potable Water; Protozoa; Supplying; Viruses; Water; Water Treatment

20060049281 Oregon Health Sciences Univ., Portland, OR USA Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for Detecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies at Remote Military of Native American Health Care Facilities Sahn, David J; Mar 2006; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0109 Report No.(s): AD-A454064; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454064; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Our partnership of investigators from Madigan Army Medical Center at Fort Lewis, Washington, and Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, will test the hypothesis that trained primary care practitioners or nurses can, with telemedicine supervision, perform cardiac ultrasound exams on neonates at risk for heart disease, and thereby impact time to diagnosis and outcomes. This study is targeted at Military Medical Facilities within TRICARE West and Western Regional Medial Command. It will also include two large Alaska Native Health Care Centers. Echocardiography has had major impact in the management of neonates suspected of having congenital heart disease. The expensive, specialized equipment and significant expertise to adequately perform and interpret these studies usually is present only in tertiary level medical centers with a pediatric cardiologist on staff. Initial results of a National Multicenter Neonatal Telemedicine Echo Outcomes Study, developed by the Principal Investigator, suggest that telemedicine-implemented diagnosis positively affects outcomes in infants suspected of having congenital heart disease. As an added impact of our program, we will develop expertise within caregivers who have previously not been able to perform these necessary exams, and will integrate the use of low-cost, yet high-performance hand- held ultrasound scanners, so as to provide the participating centers with new diagnostic health care capabilities. DTIC American Indians; Cardiovascular System; Children; Detection; Health; Heart Diseases; Telemedicine; Ultrasonics 231

20060049282 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Development of Novel Bifunctional Compounds that Induce Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells Essigmann, John M; Feb 2006; 54 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0085 Report No.(s): AD-A454067; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454067; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy We have designed and synthesized a novel compound (I ip) that efficiently triggers apoptosis in prostate cancer cells such as LNCaP. This bifunctional compound was designed to form DNA adducts that are camouflaged by the androgen receptor making them less readily repaired in AR+ prostate cancer cells. The aims of our studies are to investigate the mechanisms by which lip is able to trigger apoptosis in target cells. One approach we are taking is to prepare structural analogs of lip that have increased or decreased abilities to cause apoptosis in LNCaP cells. Methods have been developed that will permit us to determine the fates of lIP-DNA adducts in treated cells as well as in target and nontarget tissues in xenograft mouse models of human prostate cancer. Another objective is to identify the signaling events that lead from DNA adducts to activation of the apoptotic program. Finally we have obtained encouraging results from animal experiments that indicate that molecules such as lip may have clinical potential for the treatment of human tumors. DTIC Apoptosis; Blood Cells; Cancer; Prostate Gland

20060049283 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA Internet-Based Cervical Cytology Screening Program Wilbur, David C; Crothers, Barbara A; Eichhorn, John H; Ro, Min S; Gelfand, Jeffrey A; Apr 2006; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-C-0083 Report No.(s): AD-A454068; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454068; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This project explores the combination of computerized automated primary screening of cervical cytology specimens in remote sites with interpretation of device-selected images transmitted via the Internet. The project is in 3 phases: 1) hardware/software and interface development and end user training with 200 case pilot trial; 2) a 500 case prospective pilot study with hardware/software adjustment with the development of clinically applicable specimen triage and management guidelines; and 3) a 5000 case prospective clinical trial of the completed system with report and development of a training and operation manual. During this report period phase 1 data was analyzed and reported hardware/software/ interface issues were resolved and training materials were developed for phase 2. Internal IRB approvals were obtained for phase 2 (MGH/WRAMC) however Army Office of Research Protections has not yet approved the phase 2 protocols (see full report) hence phase 2 patient accrual has not been initiated. Phase 3 preactivities have therefore also ceased. DTIC Cancer; Cytology; Internets

20060049284 East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC USA Oral Administration of N-Acetyl-D Glucosamine Polymer Particles Down-Regulates Airway Allergic Responses Shibata, Yoshimi; Mar 2006; 102 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0004 Report No.(s): AD-A454070; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454070; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This is an annual report of the 3rd grant year. PI and 2 Research Associates moved to the current Institute in 2003 from East Carolina University. The project was re-started in December 2004 with approval of no-cost extension until 512312008. We established that our chitin particle preparations induce phagocytic macrophages to produce cytokines (IL-12, IL-18 and TNFo) that down-regulate allergic immune responses. We also found that administration of chitin particles resulted in less likely induce the production of IL-10 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Both IL-10 and PGE2 enhance allergic responses. In this grant year, we have completed the study defining the mechanisms underlying that chitin particles block IL-10 production and PGE2 biosynthesis in macrophages. DTIC Acetic Acid; Allergic Diseases 232

20060049292 China Medical Univ., Shenyang, China Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders Hertz, L; Chen, Y; Gibbs, M E; Zang, P; Peng, L; Jan 2004; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454091; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454091; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Considerable attention has recently been paid to astrocyte functions, which are briefly summarized. A large amount of data is available about adrenoceptor expression and function in astrocytes, some of it dating back to the 1970’s and some of it very recent. This material is reviewed in the present paper. The brain is innervated by noradrenergic fibers extending from locus coeruleus in the brain stem, which in turn is connected to a network of adrenergic and noradrenergic nuclei in the medulla and pons, contributing to the control of (nor)adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic and cholinergic function, both in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the periphery. In the CNS astrocytes constitute a major target for noradrenergic innervation, which regulates morphological plasticity, energy metabolism, membrane transport, gap junction permeability and immunological responses in these cells. Noradrenergic effects on astrocytes are essential during consolidation of episodal, long-term memory, which is reinforced by -adrenergic activation. Glycogenolysis and synthesis of glutamate and glutamine from glucose, both of which are metabolic processes restricted to astrocytes, occurs at several time-specific stages during the consolidation. Astrocytic abnormalities are almost certainly important in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and in all probability contribute essentially to inflammation and malfunction in Alzheimer’s disease and to mood disturbances in affective disorders. Noradrenergic function in astrocytes is severely disturbed by chronic exposure to cocaine, which also changes astrocyte morphology. Development of drugs modifying noradrenergic receptor activity and/or down-stream signaling is advocated for treatment of several neurological/psychiatric disorders and for neuroprotection. Astrocytic preparations are suggested for study of mechanism(s) of action of antidepressant drugs and pathophysiology of mood disorders. DTIC Central Nervous System; Diseases; Disorders; Drugs; Mental Health; Nervous System; Neurology; Targets 20060049299 Army Medical Bioengineering Research and Development Lab., Fort Detrick, MD USA Folding of Aggregated Proteins to Functionally Active Form Swietnicki, Wieslaw; Jun 2006; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454113; TR-06-024; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454113; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The successful expression and purification of proteins in an active form is essential for structural and biochemical studies. With rapid advances in genome sequencing and high-throughput structural biology, an increasing number of proteins are being identified as potential drug targets but are difficult to obtain in a form suitable for structural or biochemical studies. Although prokaryotic recombinant expression systems are often used, proteins obtained in this way are typically found to be insoluble. Several experimental approaches have therefore been developed to refold these aggregated proteins into a biologically active form, often suitable for structural studies. The major refolding strategies adopt one of two approaches - chromatographic methods or refolding in free solution - and both routes have been successfully used to refold a range of proteins. Future advances are likely to involve the development of automated approaches for protein refolding and purification. DTIC Biochemistry; Chromatography; Folding; Proteins 20060049319 Fayetteville State Univ., NC USA Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of Black Men to Screening for Prostate Cancer Twum, Maxwell; Mar 2006; 13 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0016 Report No.(s): AD-A454179; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454179; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The objectives of the project were a) to explore the prevailing attitudes toward screening for prostate cancer among Black men in the Cape Fear region of North Carolina b) to determine the comparative effectiveness of a one-time presentation of information advocating prostate cancer screening to that of repeated presentation of the message, and c) to determine the characteristics and impact of the agent of information delivery on the attitudes and behaviors of Black men toward screening for prostate cancer. The study involved the presentation of uniform messages advocating the benefits of prostate cancer screening to a group of 120 Black men 40 years and older who had never screened for prostate cancer, nor participated in a prostate cancer screening education program. Researchers, health professionals, and peer facilitators delivered educational messages once to one group, and three times to a second group. The comparison of attitudes before exposure to the messages 233

to those after exposure was to help determine the impact of the program on attitudes in the groups. The number of men screened following exposure to the messages was to determine the impact of the program on behavior change. Data continue to be collected to help address the stated objectives of the study. DTIC Cancer; Human Beings; Males; Prostate Gland 20060049323 Tennessee Univ., Memphis, TN USA Development of Hemostatic Agents Moore ,II, Bob M; Aug 1, 2005; 5 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-04-1-0756 Report No.(s): AD-A454187; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454187; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy To assess the efficacy of a series of novel hemostatic agents in normal and coagulopathic animals subjected to femoral artery hemorrhage. The hemostatic agents comprise different carrier matrices for the delivery of the lead compound CP-305. The objective set forth in this research was to identify candidate formulations that could ultimately prevent hypovolemia and exsanguination resulting from traumatic battlefield injuries. DTIC Hemorrhages; Injuries; Shock (Physiology) 20060049327 Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN USA Identify the Impact of TGF-Beta Signaling on the Stroma in the Progression of Prostate Cancer Bhowmick, Neil A; Mar 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0046 Report No.(s): AD-A454210; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454210; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy As a result of androgen ablation TGF- 1 expression levels transiently elevate and regression of benign prostate hyperplasia as well as prostate cancer cells for the most part occur. Better understanding of prostate androgen responsiveness is critical in understanding and ultimately combating androgen-nonresponsive prostate cancer. Studying the conditional TGF- type II receptor fibroblast knockout mouse model we developed (F KO), we found that TGF- signaling in the prostate stromal fibroblasts regulate both stromal and epithelial differentiation in the prostate. As proposed we attempted to develop mice that are stromally knocked out for TGF- signaling and express the large Tantigen in the prostate epithelia, but was unsuccessful. Thus we made tissue recombinants of prostatic epithelia with F KO stromal cells. This resulted in the development of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma compared to when the same epithelia was combined with control stromal cells. Moreover, we found that the F KO associated epithelia was refractile to androgen ablation. The mechanism of these observations seems to be due to stromally derived paracrine Wnt5a activating the epithelial frizzled receptor 2 that enabled prostate epithelial survival in an androgen deficient environment. We hope to gain permission to progress with these experiments to further address the mechanism of stromal TGF- signaling impact on prostate cancer androgen responsiveness and differentiation. DTIC Cancer; Prostate Gland 20060049328 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USA The Role of the Neurofibromin-Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and Dendritic Spine Plasticity Wu, Gang-Yi; Feb 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0260 Report No.(s): AD-A454215; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454215; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy NF1 is a common dominant genetic disorder characterized by multiple benign and malignant tumors of neural origin and, often, cognitive deficits in children. How mutations in the NF1 gene lead to severe learning deficits is largely unknown. The objective of this proposal is to test the hypothesis that the newly identified NF1-Syndecan2-CASK signaling complex plays an essential role in the regulation of synaptic Ras-MAPK activity and dendritic spine maturation. Using several siRNAs and dominant negative constructs for NF1 GAP activity to specifically knockdown or inhibit NF1, we have obtained compelling evidence showing that NF1 deficiency indeed leads to abnormal development of dendritic spines and hyperactive Ras-MAPK 234

activity, and furthermore, these deficits can be rescued by overexpression of NF1 GRD I, a central domain of NF1 responsible for its Ras GAP activity. We have also begun to determine whether NF1-deficient cells have an altered capacity to undergo morphological plasticity after spaced depolarizing stimuli, and whether the deficits in morphology can be rescued by manipulating the Ras-MAPK activity. DTIC Barrels (Containers); Crystal Structure; Dendritic Crystals; Diseases; Genetics; Mutations; Neoplasms; Plastic Properties; Proteins; Spine 20060049331 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA Selenium and Breast Cancer Growth Sytkowski, Arthur; Jul 2005; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0646 Report No.(s): AD-A454230; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454230; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy It is our hypothesis that human selenium binding protein hSP56 plays important and yet unrecognized roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, and/or apoptosis, or other processes in normal and malignant mammary cells in response to environmental changes and selenium availability. The aim of our study is to determine if hSP56 can mediate selenium growth inhibition of human breast cancer cells. This will broaden our understanding of the role of hSP56 in cancer development and progression with regard to the potent anti-cancer action of selenium compounds. Identification of hSP56 as a mediator of selenium growth-inhibitory action in human breast cancer cells will contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms of selenium chemopreventive action in general and could lead to the development of selenium-containing small molecules as preventive or therapeutic drugs. DTIC Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Selenium 20060049340 Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA USA Call-Center Based Disease Management of Pediatric Asthmatics Quinn, James M; Apr 2005; 11 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-1-0182 Report No.(s): AD-A454254; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454254; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The purpose of this study is to examine a population-based intervention using preventive measures of a remote call-based asthma disease management program utilizing proactive education and monitoring. This intervention will be compared to a control population of pediatric asthma patients receiving printed education materials and usual care at three DoD military treatment facilities in a similar geographic region. Comparison will be made to examine differences in patient and caregiver quality of life (QOL), disease severity (as measured by reduced inhaled short acting beta agonist use), pulmonary function as measured by peak flow and spirometry (FEVI), and Emergency Department visits and hospital admissions. To date the study has obtained IRB approval, established and utilized the contracting organization to hire study staff and reimburse the selected disease management (DM) firm. Needed supplies and equipment were purchased. A research database was created. Rollout procedures visits to the sites and DM firm were completed as were subsequent quality assurance visits. The study population was identified, recruited and enrollment was completed with 451 patients. 398 patients completed the study and final data acquisition and analysis are underway. DTIC Asthma; Diseases; Medical Services; Pulmonary Functions 20060049341 Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry Wick, Charles H; Jabbour, Rabih E; McCubbin, Patrick E; Deshpande, Samir V; Mar 2006; 24 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454255; ECBC-TR-464; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454255; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This report explores the direct counting of ‘hair-like’ structures specific for gram-positive bacteria. Indications show that these structures are intact after their removal from the cell and are sufficiently different from species to species of bacteria to 235

indicate bacteria type if not actual identification. Their detection would represent a new approach to bacteria detection and identification. This report documents the detection of the bacterial structures using the physical nanometer counting methodology in the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry. DTIC Bacteria; Counting; Detection; Detectors; Mass Spectroscopy; Proteins; Systems Integration; Viruses 20060049348 Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA USA Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Tests Vickers, Jr, Ross R; Nov 14, 2003; 29 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-M0096 Report No.(s): AD-A454282; NHRC-04-03; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454282; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Cardiorespiratory fitness is important for health, work, and athletic performance. Laboratory tests of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) are the gold standard for assessing this aspect of fitness. VO2max protocols with small measurement errors will provide the best estimates of relationships between fitness and its antecedents and consequences. For example, tests with smaller errors will provide better indications of how well running tests function as substitutes for laboratory tests. Published studies of the reliability of VO2max tests provide an empirical basis for estimating VO2max test precision. This review employed meta-analysis procedures to model VO2max test precision. DTIC Cardiology; Gas Exchange; Measurement; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption 20060049353 Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI USA Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT-077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preoperatively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Braun, Rodney D; Apr 2006; 13 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-05-1-0264 Report No.(s): AD-A454294; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454294; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The major goal of this project is to determine if the rhodacyanine analog dye, MKT-077, can be used to inhibit breast cancer cell oxygen metabolism and raise tumor oxygen levels, thereby radiosensitizing the tumor. In the first year, we have performed in vitro experiments to determine drug uptake and subsequent MKT-077-induced metabolic inhibition in human MDA-MB 231 cells, as outlined in Tasks 1 and 2. We originally proposed to do this work in our multicellular layer (MCL) model of tumor parenchyma, but we had difficulty growing MCLs from this cell line consistently. Therefore, we have begun determining MKT-077 drug uptake and metabolic inhibition using MDA-MB 231 monolayers and cell suspensions. This approach has been successful, and we have been able to show that the cells rapidly take up the drug, which inhibits cellular oxygen metabolism by 22% at a dose of 4 g/ml. We are currently completing the drug uptake studies and determining the inhibition caused by other doses. In addition, we have begun the in vivo work in nude rats. We have determined that the rats can tolerate a dose of 10 mg/kg MKT-077 infused at 1.25 mg/kg/min. Soon we will begin measuring MKT-077-induced oxygen changes in orthotopic xenografts in vivo. DTIC Breast; Cancer; Dyes; Mammary Glands; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Oxygenation 20060049359 Roswell Park Memorial Inst., Buffalo, NY USA High Throughput Screen to Identify Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer Metastasis Gelman, Irwin H; Oct 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0893 Report No.(s): AD-A454304; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454304; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) We have proposed to developed indicator cell lines that would allow for the high throughput screening (HTS) for compounds that potentially inhibit prostate cancer (CaP) metastasis. The cell lines are based on stably expressing a construct containing the promoter of SSeCKS/ gravin/AKAP12- a metastasis-suppressor gene downregulated in CaP progression- linked to a green fluorescence protein (GFP), plus a control reporter, in metastatic CaP cells, and then screening for compounds that induce GFP. We also proposed to characterize the pathways controlling SSeCKS expression in CaP progression. Our data 236

indicate that SSeCKS re-expression can be induced in CaP cell lines using inhibitors of histone deacetylation (TSA) but not by inhibitors of methylation (5-aza-C). We have now produced stable indicator C4-2 and DU145 cells, the latter of which is more inducible by TSA. We have also characterized the cis- and trans-acting elements of the human SSeCKS promoter required for transcriptional suppression in CaP cells. DTIC Cancer; Drugs; Metastasis; Prostate Gland 20060049360 Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN USA Therapy Selection by Gene Profiling Hayward, Simon W; Apr 2005; 11 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0047 Report No.(s): AD-A454306; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454306; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The long term goal of this work is to develop a new prognostic tool with which to determine the response of a patient to a given therapy, with the view of providing the most appropriate treatments tailored to individual patients. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that a subset of the genes expressed in a prostate tumor can be used to predict response to specific therapeutic regimens. The purpose of this work is to generate predictive methods which will allow patients to be selected for specific treatment protocols. In this year, per our proposed schedule, we have continued to focus on acquisition of tissue samples and their grafting and treatment in SCID mouse hosts. We have now collected a total of 136 out of a required 150 human prostate cancer sample sets. We have tested and validated methods for amplifying RNA from human prostate tissues grafted to SCID mouse hosts and have run a series of experiments to optimize the microarray technology for these samples. This has included developmental in silico bioinformatics work to standardize the signal intensity between samples making comparisons meaningful. RNA has been prepared for amplification and microarray analysis of the first 136 samples is underway. The project is proceeding behind to its predicted timeline due to delays in collection of human tissues. DTIC Genes; Prostate Gland; Therapy 20060049361 Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA USA Trauma Symptomatology Among Female U.S. Navy Recruits Merrill, Lex L; Apr 2000; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454307; NHRC-00-16; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454307; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A sample of female U.S. Navy recruits (N = 1,051) was surveyed for histories of childhood abuse and current trauma symptomatology. Victims of only childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and victims of both CSA and childhood physical abuse (CPA) had significantly higher scores on all 10 Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) clinical scales than did participants who did not report a history of childhood abuse. Victims of only CPA had significantly higher scores on all TSI clinical scales, except the Sexual Concerns scale, than participants who did not report a childhood history of CPA or CSA. Additionally, more victims of childhood abuse positively endorsed TSI items related to suicidal behavior and ideation than did nonvictims. Overall, the women who experienced CPA and/or CSA reported substantially higher levels of trauma symptomatology. DTIC Clinical Medicine; Females; Injuries; Military Personnel; Navy; Symptomology 20060049362 Alabama Univ., Birmingham, AL USA An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy Agents Curiel, David T; Feb 2006; 70 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0025 Report No.(s): AD-A454309; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454309; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Our preliminary data establish a number of important key points. Foremost, these results show that adenovirus can be genetically labeled with a fluorescent structural fusion protein through a complete replacement with IX-EGFP in a chimeric context. At least for our pIX-EGFP strategy, the label was incorporated into virions conferring a fluorescent property that allowed detection of individual particles. Ad-IX-EGFP binding and infection could both be detected via the fluorescent label. This capsid-labeling system is applicable to CRAds because it slightly decreased progeny yield but did not affect the 237

cytopathic effect and spread of the virus. Notably, the level of pIX-EGFP fluorescence directly correlated with the amount of progeny production due to its dependence on E1 activity for expression. The data with pIX-EGFP fulfills all the requirements of the ideal monitoring system for CRAds except noninvasive detection which we propose to accomplish. Both our proposed capsid-labeling approaches demonstrate great promise for detection of viral replication and spread and hence monitoring of CRAds. DTIC Adenoviruses; Cancer; Imaging Techniques; Infectious Diseases; Prostate Gland 20060049364 Pittsburgh Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Protein Transduction Based Therapies for Breast Cancer Robbins, Paul D; Jul 2005; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0489 Report No.(s): AD-A454314; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454314; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We have demonstrated that certain transduction peptides such as 12 lysines and 12 arginines can facilitate internalization into breast tumor lines with higher efficiency than smaller polymers of cationic amino acids. In addition, we have demonstrated that PTD-Sma34 worked in conjunction with Ad.TRAIL gene transfer to induce breast tumor apoptosis. We also have demonstrated that membrane bound TRAIL worked more effectively than soluble (secreted) TRAIL to induce breast cancer apoptosis. Moreover, we have demonstrated that co-administration of Ad.TRAIL with PTD-Smac34 resulted in not only enhanced adenoviral transduction of the tumors, but resulted in a stronger apoptotic effect. Finally, we have initiated studies to identify breast cancer specific tumor lines by screening a peptide phage display library both in cell culture as well as in nude mice bearing xenografts. Initial results in prostate tumors has demonstrated the feasibility of this approach and suggests breast tumor specific internalization peptides can be identified. DTIC Breast; Cancer; Gene Therapy; Genetics; Mammary Glands; Proteins; Therapy; Transferring 20060049366 Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA ATM Heterozygosity and the Development of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Morbidity Following Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Cesaretti, Jamie A; Feb 2006; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0172 Report No.(s): AD-A454318; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454318; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The goal of this training grant project is to determine whether the prevalence of ATM carriers among prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy that develop erectile dysfunction and urinary morbidity is greater than the prevalence of ATM heterozygosity among patients that do not develop this complication. Regardless of the scientific outcome of the proposal the PI will be left with a vast experience in translational research from which to form new hypotheses and research strategies as he begins his career as an independent physician scientist. To assure a well-rounded experience, the school of medicine will insure that the PI will participate for the first two years of the funded period in Mount Sinai’s rigorous clinical research training program. The NIH sponsored program will give the PI formal instruction in Clinical Research and Policy Evaluation, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Basic Science for the Clinical Investigator, Cultural, Illness, and Community Health Outcomes, Behavioral Medicine, and Ethical Issues in Clinical Research. Also the PI, while at Mount Sinai, will make significant progress in establishing collaborative relationships with well-established prostate cancer researchers and will continue this approach in order to expand the scope of the outlined proposal throughout the funding period of this grant. DTIC Cancer; Genes; Prostate Gland; Radiation Therapy; Urology 20060049377 Health Research, Inc., Buffalo, NY USA GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium Chemoprevention of Prostate-Cancer Dong, Yan; Feb 2006; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0009 Report No.(s): AD-A454338; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454338; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 238

The present study investigated the functional significance of the zinc finger transcription factor gut-enriched kr ppel-like factor (GKLF) in mediating selenium action in the androgen receptor (AR)-null PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. We found that over-expression of GKLF enhances selenium inhibition of DNA synthesis and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, knocking down the expression of GKLF greatly attenuates the growth suppressive and apoptosis inducing activities of selenium. Therefore, our data support an important role of GKLF induction in selenium action in the AR-null prostate cancer cells. However, we found that, in cells expressing a functional AR, the disruption of AR signaling is most likely more important than the induction of GKLF signaling for selenium action. Selenium treatment significantly decreases the expression of AR and AR-regulated genes implicated in prostate carcinogenesis (PSA, KLK2, ABCC4, DHCR24, and GUCY1A3) in five human prostate cancer cell lines irrespective of their AR genotype (wild-type vs. mutant) or sensitivity to androgen-stimulated growth. Transfection of AR in the androgen-dependent LNCaP cells weakens significantly the inhibitory effect of selenium on cell proliferation and AR target gene expression. Since the vast majority of prostate cancers, including those refractory to hormone therapy, express a functional AR, the disruption of AR signaling is probably more important for selenium action and more relevant to selenium chemoprevention of prostate cancer than the induction of GKLF. DTIC Cancer; Chemotherapy; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Prostate Gland; Selenium; Targets; Tumors 20060049399 New York Medical Coll., Valhalla, NY USA Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Resveratrol Wu, Joseph M; Mar 2005; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0059 Report No.(s): AD-A454375; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454375; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Resveratrol, a grape-derived polyphenol, is a chemopreventive agent shown to suppress androgen-dependent and -refractory prostate cancer (CaP) cell growth, and inhibit prostate specific gene expression. To further elucidate its anti-CaP properties, we advance the hypothesis that resveratrol interacts with specific cellular target proteins, denoted RTPs. This project aims to identify and purify RTPs. Our first approach was to test the ability of [3H]resveratrol to form stable complexes with RTPs based on retention on nitrocellulose filters or chromatography on gel filtration columns. Feasibility of this approach was tested using extracts prepared from LNCaP and PC-3 cells. This approach was unsuccessful possibly due to technical limitations, such as: scarcity of RTPs, low specific activity of labeled resveratrol and difficulties in forming stable [resveratrol. RTP] complexes. An alternative approach involved chemically immobilizing resveratrol on epoxyactivated agarose to generate a biospecific affinity matrix for isolating and purifying RTPs from cell extracts. We have named this affinity chromatography approach ligand-select proteomics (LSP) as it affords a panoramic display of proteins having different binding affinities to resveratrol. By combining LSP with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we have identified dihydronicotinamide riboside:quinone reductase (NQO2) as a distinct RTP from LNCaP and PC3cells. DTIC Cancer; Chemotherapy; Chromatography; Diets; Phenols; Prostate Gland; Proteins; Targets 20060049412 Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA Dynamics of Post-Translational Modifications on Human Histone H4 Through the Cell Cycle Bullock, Courtney R; Aug 11, 2006; 68 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454426; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454426; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Detection and characterization of histone PTMs have been conducted by antibodies, Bottom Up MS, and Top Down MS. As analytical techniques, however, they are not germane to quantitative biology unless they can provide consistently reproducible data that can be used to extrapolate trends and make correlations in addition to answering questions regarding modifications singly and in combination. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is a 2D-LC fractionation technique that produces an acetylation-methylation dependent elution profile of oxidized H4 thereby allowing for more in-depth interrogation of the protein forms present in solution. The substrates for Top Down Mass Spectrometry (TDMS) are whole proteins, facilitating analysis of posttranslational modifications singly and in combination. Here we show that the combination of HILIC and TDMS enables reproducible quantitation of histone H4 PTMs as the cell cyles with the ability to observe biological phenomena such as progressive methylation and to detect rare modified protein forms. DTIC Liquid Chromatography; Proteins 239

20060049413 Fund for Scientists of Molecular Cybernetics and Informatics, Kiev, Ukraine Theoretical Investigation of the Feasibility of PTD-Mediated Translocation of Proteins Across Artificial Membranes Kharkyanen, Valeriy N; May 1, 2006; 78 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): STCU-P211 Report No.(s): AD-A454433; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454433; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This report results from a contract tasking Fund for scientists of molecular cybernetics and informatics as follows: The recent discovery of the ability of protein transduction domains (PTDs) and their synthetic analogues to transport high-molecular weight compounds through biological or artificial membranes is very promising for many applications. However, the mechanism of the phenomenon remains highly debatable and unclear even in its basic features. This project is aimed at the theoretical investigation of the general principles and physical mechanisms of membrane translocation of macromolecules. Modern methods of theoretical physics and computer simulation will be used for the construction and analysis of plausible models. The primary model subject will be the well-characterized translocation domain of the HIV TAT protein. Possible uptake/transduction mechanisms in different models (such as inverted micelle, stochastic membrane pore, etc) will be substantiated or eliminated, with experimentally measured, quantitative evaluation of the translocation efficiency. DTIC Biochemistry; Cybernetics; Membranes; Proteins 20060049466 Air Force Research Lab., Brooks AFB, TX USA A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations Whitmore, Jeffrey; Hickey, Patrick; Doan, Brandon; Harrison, Richard; Kisner, James; Beltran, Thomas; McQuade, John; Fischer, Joseph; Marks, Fredric; Aug 2006; 24 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-7757 Report No.(s): AD-A454558; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454558; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy With the advent of the 24/7 warfighter, novel pharmaceutical agents have come to the forefront of interest for maintaining sustained operations. The eugregoric, modafinil, was administered during an 88-hr sleep loss study to evaluate its performance maintenance capability. A modafinil dosing schedule (100/100/200 mg), would maintain cognitive and psychomotor performance at or near baseline levels throughout the experimental period. A repeated measures, double blind design was used to examine 100 and 200 mg doses of modafinil administered every eight hours to twelve participants. Cognitive and physiological tests were presented iteratively throughout the experimental sessions. The results of this study provide some evidence that modafinil partially attenuates the performance decrement caused by sleep loss in field environments, thus increasing the likelihood of successful mission accomplishment. As anticipated, modafinil had very little impact upon physical performance, had no adverse physiologic effects, and produced few side effects. Modafinil may negatively impact sleep but the effect appears minimal and should be investigated in a controlled manner. The universal acceptance of modafinil by our participants, its observed mild performance advantages, and its low health risk, make it a candidate for field applications. DTIC Alertness; Cognition; Ground Operational Support System; Military Operations; Sleep Deprivation 20060049468 Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA USA Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program Garland, Frank C; Gorham, Edward D; Kaiser, Kevin; Travis, William D; Centeno, Jose A; Abraham, Jerrold L; Hasibuan, Franky; Feb 18, 2004; 198 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454560; NHRC-04-06; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454560; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy In response to Congressional concerns that occupational lung disease may have been misdiagnosed among Navy Personnel exposed to dusts aboard ship, the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery established the Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program and designated the Naval Health Research Center (NHRC) as the Program Manager. NHRC established an External Scientific Advisory Committee to help design a research project to address the question of lung disease misdiagnosis. A public policy advisory Committee was also established to answer public concerns. With concurrence of these 2 committees, research objectives were defined and two primary approaches were developed to examine the potential for lung disease misdiagnosis. DTIC Diseases; Lungs; Medical Services; Military Operations; Navy 240

20060049569 Walter Reed Army Inst. of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis Ding, Xuan Z; Paulsen, Ian T; Bhattacharjee, Apurba K; Nikolich, Mikeljon P; Myers, Gary; Hoover, David L; Mar 19, 2006; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454317; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The recent description of the complete genomes of the two most pathogenic species of Brucella opens the way for genome-based analysis of the antigenicity of their proteins. In the present report, we describe a bench-level high-efficiency cloning and expression system (HECES) that allow expression of large numbers of Brucella proteins based on genomic sequence information. Purified proteins are produced with high efficiency in a microarray format conducive to analysis of their sero-reactivity against serum from immunized animals. This method is applicable at either small or large scale of protein processing. while it does not require robotics, the format is amenable to robotic implementation for all aspects of the process and subsequent analysis of protein characteristics. This method will allow selection of new reagents for diagnosis of brucellosis and development of vaccine against Brucella, an important zoonotic disease and biothreat agent. DTIC Antigens; Bacteria; Cloning (Biology); Genome; Infectious Diseases; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Proteome; Systems Analysis

20060049572 Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA USA The Human Volunteer in Military Biomedical Research (Military Medical Ethics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) Amoroso, Paul J; Wenger, Lynn L; Oct 2002; 99 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454568; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy There are extensive regulations and guidelines that govern what can, after appropriate review, be done in biomedicai and behavioral research involving human subjects. These policies, though they may prescribe what scientists should or should not do, cannot adequately cover everv situation researchers might currently encounter nor can they anticipate every potential situation that will arise in the future. When disregard for basic human rights in experimentation has occurred even in relatively recent times, it brings to the forefront the need to continually examine the practices of previous scientists to endeavor never to make the same mistakes again. Understanding the history of others’ mistakes is a first step in learning to do what is right. Understanding change is part of that. What used to be acceptable practices may seem entirely inappropriate from a more current viewpoint, and there will continue to be phenomenal change. For example, in recent years the human genome has been completely deciphered, mammals have been cloned, and patient records wvill soon be largely electronic. Technology allows personal and medical information to be kept track of in ways unimagined even a decade ago. What new ethical challenges will these developments bring to research on human health and disease? DTIC Ethics; Medical Science; Military Technology; Research and Development

20060049614 Society for Medical Simulation, Santa Fe, NM USA International Meeting on Medical Simulation (6th), ‘The World of Simulation’ Held in San Diego, California on January 14-17, 2006 Sinz, Elizabeth H; Jul 2006; 286 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-06-1-0282 Report No.(s): AD-A454637; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A13, Hardcopy Partial contents: Medical Education, Nursing and Allied Health Education, Simulation in Military and Hazardous Environments, Serious Games/3-Dimensional Interactive Environments, Virtual patients, Simulation Center Readiness ;Medical Specialties, Starting a Simulation Center: A Tale of Two Centers, Oral Abstract Presentations and Posterside Professor Rounds, Pro-Con Debate, Pediatrics, TATRC, Engineering Issues in Simulation, GSIX Training Devices and Screen Based Simulation, Surgery and Surgical Specialties. DTIC Education; Medical Services; Simulation 241

20060049634 Ljubljana Univ., Macedonia Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury Mekjavic, Igor B; Gorjanc, Jurij; Mekjavic, Polana J; Bajrovic, Fajko; Milcinski, Metka; May 1, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454671; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy No abstract available Freezing; Frostbite; High Pressure; Injuries; Medical Services; Oxygen; Skin Grafts 20060049635 Oulu Univ., Finland Prediction and Prevention of Frostbite Hassi, Juhani; Maekinen, Tiina M; Rintamaeki, Hannu; May 1, 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454673; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Frostbite; Health; Injuries; Low Temperature; Prevention 20060049640 Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA USA Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to Prevent Local Cold Injuries Castellani, John W; O’Brien, Catherine; May 1, 2005; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454681; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Blood Circulation; Injuries; Vasodilation 20060049642 Yale Univ., New Haven, CT USA Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in Recombination Raynard, Steven; Aug 2005; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0586 Report No.(s): AD-A454683; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Mutations in the BRCA2 gene are linked to familial and sporadic breast cancer, yet the molecular function of BRCA2 protein remains largely obscure. BRCA2 protein physically interacts with the Rad51 recombinase, a member of the RAD52 epistasis group of proteins that mediate homologous recombination (HR), a major mechanism that repairs chromosomes damaged by ionizing radiation and genotoxic agents. Accordingly, BRCA2-deficient cell lines exhibit impaired HR and sensitivity to genotoxic agents. To help define the molecular function of human BRCA2, the authors have expressed and purified a polypeptide that harbors the BRC3 and BRC4 repeat and also the DNA binding domain of this tumor suppressor. The BRC3/4-DBD polypeptide interacts with hRad51 and binds DNA with a distinct preference for ssDNA. Importantly, they have demonstrated by biochemical means that BRC3/4-DBD nucleates hRad51 onto ssDNA and enhances the homologous DNA pairing activity of hRad51. In isolation neither the BRC3-BRC4 repeats nor the DNA binding domain of BRCA2 performs these mediator functions. The biochemical system described in this study should be valuable for systematically dissecting the HR functions of BRCA2 in the context of the Rad51-mediated homologous DNA pairing reaction. Comprehending the manner in which BRCA2 modulates Rad51 activity and the functional integrity of the homologous recombination machinery could very well pave the way for devising new strategies in breast cancer diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. DTIC Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Maintenance; Molecular Biology; Proteins; Suppressors 20060049653 Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX USA Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Metastatic Bone Cancers Vail, Neal; Feb 2006; 20 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-05-C-0004 Report No.(s): AD-A454700; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Multiple myeloma is the second most common adult hematologic malignancy accounting for 1-2% of cancer-related deaths with 80% of these patients suffering devastating and progressive bone destruction. New treatment strategies are of urgent and vital importance. Several proteasome inhibitors are effective against both human and murine myeloma cells in culture and some have been shown to affect osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in rodents. However, as with any 242

proteasome inhibitor, there are serious concerns over their potential systemic effects and toxicity. There is need to preferentially deliver these and other drugs to the bone microenvironment. The scope of this project is to determine, in preclinical studies, the potential of skeletally targeted PIs as an efficacious and selective treatment for myeloma. The program hypothesis is that bone-targeting nanocarriers can preferentially accumulate in the skeleton and locally release PIs to impair the capacity of myeloma cells to survive and grow in vivo, thereby reducing the formation and growth of tumor-induced lytic bone lesions. Proteasome inhibitors are not selective to bone and their therapeutic-toxic window may be narrow when administered systemically. Targeted bone delivery has potential to reduce systemic exposure, increase efficacy in the bone environment, and the opportunity to reverse catastrophic disease processes. DTIC Bones; Cancer; Inhibitors; Metastasis; Nanoparticles; Polymers; Therapy 20060049662 Veterans Administration Hospital, Palo Alto, CA USA Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Selected Application of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients Liu, Jingwen; Oct 2005; 11 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0713 Report No.(s): AD-A454723; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Anti-microtubule drugs that cause mitotic arrest and subsequent apoptosis of cancer cells are frequently used to treat breast cancer patients with advanced or metastatic diseases. However, patient response rates to this class of chemotherapeutic agents vary significantly. Identification of cellular and genetic factors that are associated with the sensitivity to antimicrotubule drug treatment would be of great clinic implications. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the neuronal protein synuclein-gamma (SNOG), previously named BOSGI, plays oncogenic roles in breast carcinogenesis and is abnormally expressed at high levels in advanced and metastatic breast carcinomas but not expressed in normal or benign breast tissues. In this study, we show that responses of 12 breast cancer cell lines to paclitaxel-induced mitotic arrest and cytotoxicity are highly correlated with SNOG expression status. SNOG-positive cells exhibit a significant higher resistance to paclitaxel-induced mitotic arrest than SNOG-negative cells (p\h0.01). Moreover, we demonstrate that down regulation of SNOG expression directly increased the effectiveness of anti-microtubule drug-induced cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells without altering cell responses to doxorubicin. These new findings suggest that SNOG expression in breast carcinomas is likely one causal factor contributing to the poor patient response to paclitaxel treatment. DTIC Biomarkers; Breast; Cancer; Diseases; Drugs; Genetics; Mammary Glands; Oncogenes; Patients 20060049682 Institute for Clinical Research, Inc., Washington, DC USA Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy Tsan, Min-Fu; Gao, Baochong; Oct 2005; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0768 Report No.(s): AD-A454757; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Tumor-associated macrophages may comprise up to 50% of the tumor mass in breast cancer and are capable of producing estrogen and angiogenic cytokines that regulate the growth and angiogenesis of breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine whether intratumoral injecUon of liposome-encapsulated dichlornmethyene diphosphonate (clodronate). a potent macrophage-depleting agent. can deplete tumor-associated macrophages in a murine breast cancer model. and whether depletion of tumor-associated macrophages has any effect on the tumor growth. The breast cancer model was established in BALB/c mice by subcutaneous injection of estrogen receptor-positive murine mammary tumor cells (4T1). Two weeks after injection of 4T1 cells, tumor-bearing mice were divided into 3 groups. The first group served as control with no further injection. The second group was injected intratumorally with liposomes containing clodronate. The third group was injected with liposomes containing phosphate-buffered saline. The tumor size was measured every 2-3 days using a caliper. At 1,3,5.7 and 9 days after liposome injection, tumors were harvested, fixed. and immuno-stained with antibodies to macrophage-specific markers (F4/8O and Mac-1) to quantify the number of macrophages. The infiltrating macrophages were quantified using Chalkley Counting method with a 25-point array reticle. Results showed that the intratumoral injection of 10, 30 or 60 micronliter liposome-encapsulated clodronate had no effect on the tumor growth and tumor-associated macrophages in this murine 4T1 breast cancer model. Whether liposome-encapsulated clodronate at a higher dosage has any effect needs further investigation. DTIC Breast; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Depletion; Estrogens; Macrophages; Mammary Glands; Tumors 243

20060049703 Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH USA Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm in Young Permanent Teeth Gasparovich, Stephen R; Jan 2006; 36 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454797; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Dental caries is the most common infectious disease in childhood. Only a small percentage of children will go through adolescence and not develop caries, and the disease typically is concentrated in children from poor socioeconomic backgrounds with limited access to routine dental care. 16S DNA based bacterial sequencing technology is beginning to make it possible to more accurately identify the pathogens responsible. Most of the previous research has only focused on cultivatable bacteria. This has created a bias in the reported diversity of the bacterial communities in the oral cavity. The purpose of this study is to define the bacterial plaque diversity on permanent teeth in school age children by replacing the traditional culture techniques with new non-culture open-ended methods for identification. Nine caries-free subjects and 9 subjects with caries (8 to 16 years of age) were selected for identification of bacteria by cloning and sequencing 16S ribosomal DNA. A total of 43 plaque samples (34 samples collected from caries subjects and 9 samples from caries-free subjects) were analyzed. A total of 2,151 clones were identified, and 112 species were detected. There was a large representation of known cariogenic taxa present. Streptococcus spp., Veillonella spp. Lactobacillus spp., and Selenomonas spp. were the most predominant genera found in samples. The bacterial flora on the tooth surfaces is quite heterogenous with a small number of taxa represented in the caries biofllm. The findings show that S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp are the prominent bacteria in caries of young permanent teeth. While S. mutans is higher in white spot lesions, Lactobacillus spp clearly out number S. mutans in the advanced lesions past the initial demineralization of tooth structure. DTIC Bacteria; Biofilms; Cavities; Genome; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Tooth Diseases 20060049725 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA USA Bayesian Model Averaging: Development of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene Selection and Classification Tool for Microarray Data Yeung, Ka Y; Bumgarner, Roger E; Raftery, Adrian E; Oct 8, 2004; 23 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-10745 Report No.(s): AD-A454826; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Accurate classification of samples using gene expression profiles is critically dependent on the method used to select relevant genes. We present the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method for gene selection and classification of microarray data. Typical gene selection and classification procedures ignore model uncertainty and use a single set of relevant genes (model) to predict the class. BMA accounts for the uncertainty about the best set to choose by averaging over multiple models (sets of potentially overlapping relevant genes). We showed that BMA selects smaller numbers of relevant genes (compared to other methods) and achieves high prediction accuracy on three microarray datasets. Our BMA algorithm is applicable to microarray datasets with any number of classes, and outputs posterior probabilities for the selected genes and models. Our selected models typically consist of only a few genes. The combination of high accuracy, small numbers of genes and posterior probabilities for the predictions, should make BMA a powerful tool for developing diagnostics from expression data. DTIC Bayes Theorem; Classifications; Genes; Multivariate Statistical Analysis 20060049733 Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC USA Motivational Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use in a Military Population Brown, Janice M; Mar 2006; 68 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0072 Report No.(s): AD-A454834; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The overriding objective of this research is to reduce hazardous drinking in a military sample by implementing two motivational interventions and comparing them with a treatment-as-usual condition. Individuals who are referred to the Air Force Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment (ADAPT) program as the result of an alcohol incident or who are self-referred are randomly assigned to one of three interventions: (1) a group motivational intervention, (2) an individual motivational intervention, or (3) a treatment-as-usual group. All participants provide data regarding drinking and related problems at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months following the intervention. Analyses focused on the following: (1) determining the effectiveness of the interventions in reducing alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, (2) testing factors that may mediate or moderate responses to the interventions, and (3) determining the costs and cost-effectiveness of treatment. The research included a large sample (N = 750) and an extended follow-up (1 year) on intervention effects, components that most previous 244

intervention studies have lacked. From a practical perspective, the ability to classify which individuals will benefit from a motivational intervention has important military readiness and alcohol policy implications. DTIC Alcohols; Armed Forces (United States); Drugs; Military Personnel; Motivation; Populations; Therapy 20060049735 Texas Univ., Houston, TX USA The Clinical Development of Thalildomide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor Therapy for Prostate Cancer Logothetis, Christopher J; Oct 2005; 17 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0069 Report No.(s): AD-A454836; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Significant progress has been made in the understanding of key factors that regulate the cell-cell interaction in the context of the microenvironment of prostate cancer. This includes technical advances in getting information from small amounts of tissue to forward understanding of the molecular determinants of progression. We have developed tissue micro arrays (TMAs), and stained them for candidate factors implicated in stromal epithelial interaction and have demonstrated that they are expressed in the context of Thalidomide treated patients. This information will be used to compare these results to the expression patterns in similar prostate cancers not exposed to Thalidomide. We are requesting a no-cost extension of 6 months to allow completion of the planned studies. A formal letter will be sent separately. DTIC Cancer; Clinical Medicine; Inhibitors; Prostate Gland; Therapy; Toxicity 20060049745 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, MN USA Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate Cancer by Cathepsin B Sinha, Akhouri A; Mar 1, 2006; 55 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0245 Report No.(s): AD-A454847; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy I received approval of the DOD-HSRRB (Log No. A-12517) around 20th April, 2005 and began the study without further delay. We conducted portions of task 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 studies on radical prostatectomy (RP) and biopsy tissue samples and collected clinical data from the same white and African American men. The Elisa assay, part of task 4, laser capture microdisection (LCM) in this task is in progress. Prostate cancer (PC), and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as control samples, were collected at the VA Medical Center and Virginia Urology Center. Our study has resulted in two manuscripts, 1. Prognostic Value of the Cathepsin B to Stefin A Ratio in Prostate Needle Biopsies and 2. Characterization of Prostate Cancer in African American Men by Cathepsin B and Stefin A. Since all co-authors have not reviewed the manuscripts, we are enclosing drafts prior to their submission to peer-reviewed journals. Study 1. Our objective was to define characteristics of cancer cells in low volume (about 10% in 1 or 2 biopsy cores) and high volume (about 50% in 1 or 2 cores) Gleason score 6 tumor biopsies using cathepsin B (CB) and stefin A (SA), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative image analysis. We evaluated biopsies with the Gleason score 6 tumors in 65 patients and post-RP specimens. Cancer had relapsed in three patients, as indicated by rising serum total prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in less than five years even though the post-RP pathology report did not detect cancer cell invasion to prostate margin/capsule, seminal vesicle, and/or pelvic lymph node. Ratios of CB to SA were significantly higher in cancer than in BPH. Study 2. In the Gleason score 6 and 7 tumors, the ratios of CB to SA were not significantly different in biopsies from those in prostectomies, indicating the reliability of immunostaining in small tissue sections. DTIC Africa; Antigens; Cancer; Lymphatic System; Pelvis; Prostate Gland; Sampling 20060049747 Texas Univ., Arlington, TX USA Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor Popa, Dan; Liu, Hanli; Tang, Liping; Feb 2006; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0229 Report No.(s): AD-A454849; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Chemotherapeutic Drugs delivered by systematic administration exhibit great toxicity; patients have to endure suffering from frequent injection or low dose IV treatment. Thus controlled release of these drugs will be a treatment modality. Moreover, realtime monitoring of the effects of the drug by sensing the dynamic response of the tumor to a particular drug can significantly enhance the therapeutic outcome. The Hypotheses are (1): A near-infrared (NIR) imager can non-invasively 245

monitor the dynamic and chronic distribution of the chemotherapeutic drug, vascular oxygenation, and blood volumes in prostate tumors. (2): The dynamic response of prostate tumor oxygenation to the chronic drug delivery can serve as indicator for treatment prognosis. The Specific Aims are: (1): To design and implement a NIR spectroscopic imaging system (2): To develop 2D tomographic imaging of drug concentration and tumor oxygenation. (3): to control the delivery of drug and (4): to study the relationship between drug release rate, tumor oxygen levels and therapeutic outcome. DTIC Biodegradability; Biodegradation; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Drugs; Prostate Gland; Therapy; Tumors 20060049749 Texas Univ., Houston, TX USA Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy of Prostate Cancer Krasnykh, Victor; Feb 2006; 12 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0200 Report No.(s): AD-A454851; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In Year 2 of the project we have completed Task 2 (as per approved Statement of Work) by characterizing the binding specificity of the Ad fiber proteins designed to bind IL-11Ralpha. In Task 3 of the project we identified the most promising fiber ligand constructs and designed Ad genomes that incorporate the genes for these proteins in addition to the reporter expressing gene cassettes. DTIC Adenoviruses; Angiogenesis; Cancer; Endothelium; Gene Therapy; Genes; Genetic Engineering; Prostate Gland 20060049751 Indiana Univ., Indianapolis, IN USA PSES-A Novel Prostate Specific Chimeric Enhancer for Prostate Cancer Gene Therapy Kao, Chinghai; Feb 2006; 20 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0168 Report No.(s): AD-A454853; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Recently we generated a chemic prostate specific promoter, called PSES, by combining the enhancer elements from the PSA and PSMA genes. Based on PSES, we develop a prostate restricted replicative adenovirus (PRRA), called AdE4PSESE1a. AdE4PSESE1a only replicated in PSA/PSMA positive prostate cancer cells or cells expressing adenoviral E1 and E4 proteins. Then, we armed AdE4PSESE1a with TRAIL to make AD-IU-2. Ad-IU-2 retains prostate specificity of AdE4PSESE1a and expresses TRAIL only in PSA/PSMA positive cells. Ad-IU-2 demonstrated a better in vitro cell killing activity and tumor killing activity in vivo than AdE4PSESE1a against PSA/PSMA positive prostate cancers. The tumors cell killing activity of soluble TRAIL could be further enhanced by an apoptosis inducer, BH3 domain and ADP (encoded in the E3 region of adenovirus). We are testing whether we can fuse a cell-permeable peptide to BH3 and ADP, so that we can further improve Ad-IU-2s cell killing activity. We are also on the process of arming AdE4PSESE1a with a soluble TRAIL and creating a hybrid tumor model containing both PSA/PSMA-positive and negative prostate cancer cells to test the therapeutic advantage of TRAIL-armed PRRA. DTIC Adenoviruses; Cancer; Gene Therapy; Prostate Gland 20060049753 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for Advanced Prostate Cancer Wu, Lily; Feb 2006; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0095 Report No.(s): AD-A454855; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Hormone refractory and metastatic prostate cancer are not well understood. Better animal models, diagnostic and treatment modalities are sorely needed for these advanced stages of disease. We have coupled non-invasive optical imaging to develop metastatic prostate cancer animal models, and vector-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. A highly potent and prostate-specific transcriptional regulatory system (TSTA) has been utilized to restrict the expression of our adenoviral vector specifically to prostate or prostate cancer cells. In the diagnostic approach, this TSTA system will be applied to express imaging reporter gene. Alternatively, the TSTA system will be applied to regulate the expression of viral replication proteins in the therapeutic approach. In doing so, the viral amplification and cell lysis will be directed in a prostate-specific manner. To date, the progress of this project is according to the proposed plan as the feasibility and the functionality of the prostate-targeted oncolytic system was demonstrated. Interestingly, during our investigation, we have developed several 246

metastatic human prostate tumor models. The cancer dissemination process in these models can be easily monitored by noninvasive imaging. These metastatic animal models will be the bases for us to investigate the efficacy of our diagnostic and oncolytic therapeutic viral vectors. DTIC Cancer; Gene Therapy; Imaging Techniques; Metastasis; Prostate Gland 20060049754 Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ultrasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and Emergency Therapeutics Thomas, James D; Sep 2005; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-02-2-0040 Report No.(s): AD-A454857; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy To improve battlefield assessment of injured personnel we are exploiting several convergent trends in medicine and technology, including ultrasound miniaturization and wireless connectivity. Specific aims include (1) validation of portable ultrasound to diagnose cardiac tamponade, pneumothorax, intraabdominal hemorrhage, etc.; (2) extension of digital echocardiography and local telemedicine to assist remote centers in transesophageal echocardiography; (3) Development of wireless telemedicine systems to relay ultrasonic images and loops to a remote review station; (4) Development of a precision guide for percutaneous drainage procedures using ultrasound guidance; (5) Combining this guide with wireless telemetry for remotely guided drainage; and (6) Extending this work to real-time three-dimensional ultrasonography. The technical and clinical challenges of such a proposal are complex but we have made significant progress on all aims, with wireless telemetry of continuous ultrasound data already a reality. If these goals can be accomplished, the ability of the Department of Defense to reduce mortality from battlefield trauma will be greatly enhanced. While this project has been developed specifically for battlefield telemedicine, the tools and techniques developed herein will have enormous application in the civilian sector, including delivery of diagnostic services to remote towns with little or no hardwire access to the internet. DTIC Diagnosis; Emergencies; Radiotelephones; Telemedicine; Ultrasonics 20060049763 Roswell Park Memorial Inst., Buffalo, NY USA CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Generation of Molecular Probes Capable of Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER2/neu Peptide Complex Ko, Eric C; Mar 2006; 12 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0372 Report No.(s): AD-A454867; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The overall goal of this project is to probe the CTL - tumor cell interaction by generating scFv probes that are able to recognize the HLA- A*0201-HER-2/neu369-377 peptide complex. In the 12 month period covered by this report I aimed to improve the affinity of HLA-A*0201- HER-2/neu369-377 peptide complex-specific scFv 2.3.5 which was isolated during the first 12 month period of this project. Utilizing three rounds of site-directed mutagenesis in the VL CDR3 and VL CDR1 of scFv 2.3.5, I have generated and isolated a scFv clone named 2.3.5- 58-53 which exhibited markedly higher affinity for the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu369-377 peptide complex than the parental scFv 2.3.5. I will utilize scFv 2.3.5-58-53 to analyze the levels of HLA-A*0201 :HER-2/neu369-377 complexes expressed by breast carcinoma cell lines and breast carcinoma lesions in order to determine if there are correlations between the levels of antigen processing machinery components HLA class I antigens Beta2-microglobulin and/or HER-2/neu on the levels of HLA-A*0201 :HER-2/neu369-377 complex on breast carcinoma cells. DTIC Antigens; Breast; Cancer; Cells (Biology); Mammary Glands; Peptides; Tumors 20060049769 Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN USA Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 Mutations in Prostate Cancer Liu, Wanguo; Feb 2006; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0212 Report No.(s): AD-A454874; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The DNA damage-signaling pathway has been implicated in the development of prostate cancer since germline mutations in several genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, and CHEK2) whose products are involved in this pathway have been associated with increased risk for this cancer. We previously isolated a novel p73 up-regulated gene (p73R1) and identified p73R1 mutations 247

in prostate cancer. In this report, we screened 856 unselected prostate cancer specimens and detected a frequency of 2.6% (221856) truncation mutations in prostate cancers in contrast to 0.6% (21327) in 327 population-based controls (Fishers exact test, P = 0.036), with an odds ratio of 4.3 (95% confidence interval 1.2 - 21.2). In addition, we also demonstrated that mutant p73R1 was unable to induce apoptosis and suppress cell growth in HeLa and Cos7 cells. The loss of function mutation in p73R1 is due to the inability of the mutant to induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria. These results suggest that loss of function mutations in p73R1 predispose men to prostate cancer and further support the concept that the genetic defects in the DNA damage-response genes play an important role in the development of prostate cancer. DTIC Apoptosis; Cancer; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Functional Analysis; Mutations; Prostate Gland 20060049776 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Rijswijk, Netherlands Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Survey 1990-2005 Noort, D; Jan 2006; 73 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454882; TNO-DV2-2005-A217; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report is an update of TNO report PML 2003-A63. In this report an overview is presented of the methods currently available for detection of exposure to a number of chemical warfare agents (CWA), i.e., sulfur mustard, lewisite and nerve agents. Such methods can be applied for various purposes, e.g., diagnosis and dosimetry of exposure of casualties, confirmation of non-exposure, verification of non-adherence to the Chemical Weapons Convention, health surveillance, and forensic purposes. The methods are either based on mass spectrometric analysis of urine or plasma metabolites that result from hydrolysis and/or glutathione conjugation (Part 1), or on mass spectrometric or immunochemical analysis of CWA adducts with DNA or proteins (Part 2). Several of the methods have been successfully applied to actual cases. DTIC Biomedical Data; Chemical Warfare; Detection; Diagnosis; Exposure; Literature; Medical Science; Surveys 20060049780 California Univ., Irvine, CA USA Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer Neuhausen, Susan L; Mar 2006; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0112 Report No.(s): AD-A454886; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Prostate cancer results from complex interactions among genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors. Understanding genetic risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of prostate cancer is crucial to design both preventative and therapeutic strategies and to identify at-risk individuals. This knowledge could reduce the incidence of and death from this disease. The primary objective of this grant is to investigate changes in genes that directly and indirectly regulate levels of male hormones, which in turn, affect prostate cell growth, and may ultimately cause cancer. In this past 8 months, we have genotyped the DNA samples for eight haplotype-tagging SNPs in IGF1, an additional ten SNPs in IGF1R,one additional SNP in IRS1 and three additional SNPs in IGFBP3, as well as performed genotyping of the SRD5A2 V89L and CYP3A4 B1 polymorphisms from the original proposal. We have performed statistical analysis of the 18 IGF1R SNPs and the PI3KCB and SHC1 SNPs. Two of the IGF1R SNPs were significantly associated with Gleason score. More analyses are in progress. DTIC Cancer; Epidemiology; Genetics; Prostate Gland 20060049786 Maryland Univ., Baltimore, MD USA A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Early Predictors of Outcome Dischinger, Patricia; Apr 2006; 20 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0204 Report No.(s): AD-A454893; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The purpose of this study is to identify a cohort of patients with mild Traumatic Brain Injury and follow them for 1 year post injury to determine injury outcomes and identify factors that best predict long-term sequelae. The third year has been dedicated to continued subject recruitment and follow-up. Human subjects approval was obtained from both the University and Army review boards. Data entry and validation are an ongoing process which also includes data back-up and migration. Laboratory protocols continue for the collection, storage, and processing of blood samples for the S-100b tests. We have preliminary data on 108 samples. Preliminary data analysis has been initiated, as 43 of 80 one-year follow-up evaluations have been completed. As of March 31, 2006, 147 subjects have been recruited. Since current recruitment to date has fallen short 248

of the original target of 300 subjects, a request for a no-cost extension through March 31, 2007, was filed on January 31, 2006, and approved February 8, 2006, which would allow continued recruitment of subjects through September 30, 2006. Adjusted target enrollment of 190-200 subjects with follow-up evaluations will continue through December 31, 2006. DTIC Brain; Brain Damage; Injuries; Predictions 20060049789 Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN USA Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vascular Endothelium Lu, Bo; Feb 2005; 45 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0098 Report No.(s): AD-A454896; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We have proposed that Akt/mTOR signaling mediates cell survival and contributes to radioresistance. We intend to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanism by which inhibition of Akt/mTOR or overexpression of PTEN in both prostate cancer and its vasculature results in radiosensitization. In addition, we propose to determine possible association between level or activity of these molecules and clinical response to radiotherapy. We have found that irradiation activates Akt/mTOR signaling and combination of radiation and mTOR inhibitors enhances anti-angiogenic effects of irradiation via upregulation of apoptosis. We will investigate the interaction of Akt, Pten and mTOR and its relevance in the targeted therapeutics of prostate cancer. DTIC Cancer; Cardiovascular System; Endothelium; Prostate Gland; Radiation Therapy; Radiation Tolerance; Survival 20060049790 Antigen Express, Inc., Worcester, MA USA Intra-Prostate Cancer Vaccine Inducer Humphreys, Robert E; Feb 2006; 56 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0279 Report No.(s): AD-A454897; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) A large amount of effort has been focused on the optimization of human Ii-RNAi constructs during the past year. We have optimized the use of a combination of human Ii-RNAi constructs, which target different sites of Ii mRNA, to obtain optimal Ii suppression. More importantly, we have defined the influence of the promoter on the activity of Ii-RNAi. Our results indicate that two elements are important for the activity of an Ii-RNAi construct: a) selection of the correct Ii-RNAi sequence that targets a specific location on Ii mRNA; and, b) selection of the best promoter that is active in that cell line. We have defined three active Ii-RNAi constructs and tested their activity of three different promoters, U6, CMV, and EF-1a. Each is active in different types of cells. Lastly, we have tested the activity of our Ii-RNAi constructs in fresh tumor cells. Concurrently, the task of optimization of the doses of IL-2 and IFN-~ is being addressed and optimized with our collaborator, Dr. Hillman. Substantial progress has been made in the optimization of Ii-RNAi constructs. We will continue our effort to pick the most active human Ii- RNAi constructs for prostate cancer clinical trial. DTIC Cancer; Dosage; Immunity; Physiological Responses; Prostate Gland; Ribonucleic Acids; Vaccines 20060049791 Oregon Health Sciences Univ., Portland, OR USA Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A Randomized Controlled Trial Shannon, Jackilen; Mar 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0296 Report No.(s): AD-A454898; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy One in seven men over the age of 60 will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Elucidation of early cellular changes that may predict progression to prostate cancer and the identification of factors that may inhibit or reverse these cellular changes would be of great clinical significance. Alteration of the fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway is an early cellular change that has recently come under investigation. Overexpression of the lipogenic enzyme FAS has been noted in several tumor and pre-cancerous tissue types, including prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer and has been suggested as an independent predictor of disease stage. Additionally, inhibition of FAS has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis and reduce cell proliferation in cancer cells. Fatty acid synthase expression in cancer and normal cells is regulated by the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1). The up-regulation of SREBP-1 in tumor cells results in increased FAS expression and fatty acid synthesis. Research in normal cells has demonstrated that dietary 249

supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3 fatty acids, inhibits SREBP-1 activation, resulting in a decreased transcription of FAS. DTIC Cancer; Fatty Acids; Fishes; Hydrocarbons; Lipid Metabolism; Oils; Prostate Gland

20060049792 New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM USA Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness Lewis, Johnnye L; Bench, Graham; Hahn, Fletcher F; Oct 2005; 46 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0796 Report No.(s): AD-A454899; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This study investigates the potential for inhaled uranium oxide (UO) aerosols to penetrate the nose-brain barrier, directly enter the central nervous system (CNS), distribute within the CNS, and result in slowly developing neurotoxicity. Inhalation exposures to depleted uranium (DU) may have occurred during the GW in several scenarios of varying duration and airborne uranium concentration. Nasal inflammation could alter sensitivity to uranium uptake. Nephrotoxic and pulmonary effects are evaluated to determine whether CNS effects can occur at lower thresholds than nephrotoxic effects. In year 4, we focused on analysis of tissues following long-term (30 days), moderate dose (1 mg/m3) uranium inhalation, with or without induced nasal inflammation. Brain uptake was only seen in a subset of rats (2 of 12) and only in the olfactory bulb. Similarly, rats re-exposed to long-term, low dose uranium in combination with induced nasal damage also showed a limited uranium uptake (3 of 24 rats). Histological evaluation of olfactory bulbs revealed an increased astrogliosis and an upregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (a marker for dopaminergic neurons) 180 days after uranium inhalation. No loss of large spinal motor neurons was seen at the same timepoint. Uranium-associated kidney pathology was not notable at this exposure regimen, but alveolar macrophage hyperplasia and particle inclusion were uniform and persistent, apparent even at 180 days post 30 day exposure. DTIC Aerosols; Brain; Central Nervous System; Deposition; Gulfs; Oxides; Paranasal Sinuses; Respiration; Sicknesses; Spent Fuels; Uranium; Uranium Compounds; Uranium Oxides; Warfare

20060049793 Saint Luke’s Hospital Center, New York, NY USA Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects on Prostate Cancer Rosner, William; Feb 2006; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0228 Report No.(s): AD-A454900; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a plasma protein that binds androgens. It also is a transducer of androgen signaling at the plasma membrane of prostate cancer cells. We have found that the human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, in addition to having a receptor for SHBG (RSHBG), produces its own SHBG. We hypothesize that local regulation DTIC Cancer; Hormones; Males; Prostate Gland; Sex

20060049794 Miami Univ., FL USA cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Cooperate With Estrogen to Promote Estrogen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquitination and Proteolysis in ER Negative Breast Cancers Chu, Isabel; Mar 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0392 Report No.(s): AD-A454901; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Estrogen regulates the proliferation and development of tissues expressing estrogen receptors and is implicated as a risk factor for the development of breast cancer. One third of new breast cancers do not express estrogen receptor (ER) protein and these have a worse prognosis than ER positive breast cancers. Here we investigated how mechanisms underlying the reduced ER protein in ER negative cancers may be linked to their aggressive behavior. Estrogen binding to the ER rapidly stimulates ubiquitin-dependent ER proteolysis which in turn regulates ER activity. Our data suggest that Src activates ER proteolysis. Src can phosphorylated ER in vitro. Src transfection accelerated ER proteolysis in MCF-7 cells. The Src inhibitor, PP1, impaired estrogen stimulated ER ubiquitylation and proteolysis in vivo and in vitro. The weakly ER positive, MDA-MB361 and ER negative, BT-20 breast cancer lines both have highly activated Src and decreased ER half-life. Thus, these data provide 250

a direct link between Src activation and ER proteasomal degradation and supports a model whereby Src many phosphorylate ER, resulting in increased ubiquitination and proteolysis. DTIC Breast; Cancer; Estrogens; In Vitro Methods and Tests; In Vivo Methods and Tests; Phosphorylation; Tyrosine 20060049812 Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames, IA USA Development of Methods for the Real-Time and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Eye Petrich, Jacob W; Jul 2005; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0460 Report No.(s): AD-A454924; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are thought to be caused by the accumulation of abnormal protease-resistant proteins called prions, which are found in aging central nervous system tissue and in the eyes. Other protease-resistant compounds, collectively called lipofuscins, also accumulate in CNS. Lipofuscins accumulate in the eye, especially in the diseased eye. An increase in lipofuscin accumulation is known to occur in human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease victims and in other cases of experimental TSEs. Lipofuscins are fluorescent compounds with characteristic optical spectra. Some individual lipofuscin compounds (especially from the eye) have been studied in detail with regard to optical and chemical properties. The spinal cord and brain also have been observed to be fluorescent under certain wavelengths of light. This is due in part to lipofuscin accumulation in this tissue. The literature indicates that abnormal TSE prions also display characteristic optical spectra. The Principal Investigator s (PI s) preliminary data indicate that the fluorescent spectra of scrapie-infected sheep brain differ substantially from that of the noninfected sheep brain. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that this spectral difference is the result of altered lipofuscin and/or prion spectral properties. Lipofuscins and prions may serve as useful fluorescent markers, which are correlated with the occurrence of TSEs and can be detected by spectroscopy. DTIC Animals; Detection; Diseases; Eye (Anatomy); Fluorescence; Real Time Operation; Spectroscopy 20060049815 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation in Prostate Cancer McBride, William H; Jan 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-1-0126 Report No.(s): AD-A454929; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This proposal is to determine if radiation affects presentation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) through endogenous and exogenous pathways by dendritic cells (DOs) and to devise strategies to enhance the manner in which radiation-induced cell death is translated into the generation of tumor-specific immunity so as to achieve the best therapeutic outcome from radiation therapy. From the conventional point of view radiotherapy is usually related to cell killing. However our hypothesis is that radiation is more than just depleting cells. It also influences functional antigen presentation by DOs without killing them. We chose PSA as antigen for this study but because of the high risk nature of the experiments and the high PSA expression levels in prostate cancer patients we have also explored the possibility of monitoring the immune responses to the antigen surviving in prostate cancer. Our approach to translate radiation-induced immunosuppression into beneficial tumor immunogenicity focuses on IL-3 and/or GM-OSF treatment. Our studies on combined treatment of radiotherapy and IL-3 and on the effects of radiation on PSA presentation by DOs are underway and are presented in this Progress Report along with other milestone that have been attained. DTIC Antigens; Cancer; Modulation; Prostate Gland; Radiation Effects 20060049845 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex Serre, T; Kouh, M; Cadieu, C; Knoblich, U; Kreiman, G; Poggio, T; Dec 2005; 132 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0907 Report No.(s): AD-A454972; AI MEMO-2005-036; CBCL MEMO-259; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy 251

We describe a quantitative theory to account for the computations performed by the feedforward path of the ventral stream of visual cortex and the local circuits implementing them. We show that a model instantiating the theory is capable of performing recognition on datasets of complex images at the level of human observers in rapid categorization tasks. We also show that the theory is consistent with (and in some case has predicted) several properties of neurons in V1, V4, IT and PFC. The theory seems sufficiently comprehensive, detailed and satisfactory to represent an interesting challenge for physiologists and modelers: either disprove its basic features or propose alternative theories of equivalent scope. The theory suggests a number of open questions for visual physiology and psychophysics. DTIC Cerebral Cortex; Circuits; Feedforward Control; Primates; Visual Stimuli 20060049846 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Shape Representation in V4: Investigating Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Confirmation with the Standard Model of Object Recognition Cadieu, Charles; Kouh, Minjoon; Riesenhuber, Maximilian; Poggio, Tomaso; Nov 2004; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0907; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454973; AI MEMO-2004-024; CBCL MEMO-241; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The computational processes in the intermediate stages of the ventral pathway responsible for visual object recognition are not well understood. A recent physiological study by A. Pasupathy and C. Connor in intermediate area V4 using contour stimuli, proposes that a population of V4 neurons display object-centered, position-specific curvature tuning. The standard model of object recognition, a recently developed model to account for recognition properties of IT cells (extending classical suggestions by Hubel, Wiesel and others), is used here to model the response of the V4 cells described in Pasupathy and Connor. Our results show that a feedforward, network level mechanism can exhibit selectivity and invariance properties that correspond to the responses of the V4 cells. These results suggest how object-centered, position-specific curvature tuning of V4 cells may arise from combinations of complex V1 cell responses. Furthermore, the model makes predictions about the responses of the same V4 cells studied by Pasupathy and Connor to novel gray level patterns, such as gratings and natural images. These predictions suggest specific experiments to further explore shape representation in V4. DTIC Boundaries; Pattern Recognition; Proving; Shapes; Tuning 20060049847 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie Tuning of Cortical Neurons Kouh, Minjoon; Poggio, Tomaso; Dec 2004; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454974; AI MEMO-2004-031; CBCL MEMO-245; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Tuning to an optimal stimulus is a widespread property of neurons in cortex. We propose that such tuning is a consequence of normalization or gain control circuits. We also present a biologically plausible neural circuitry of tuning. DTIC Circuits; Neurons; Neurophysiology; Synapses; Tuning 20060049848 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Ultra-FDst Object Recognition from Few Spikes Hung, Chou; Kreiman, Gabriel; Poggio, Tomaso; DiCarlo, James J; Jul 2005; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454975; AI MEMO-2005-022; CBCL MEMO-253; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Understanding the complex brain computations leading to object recognition requires quantitatively characterizing the information represented in inferior temporal cortex (IT), the highest stage of the primate visual stream. A read-out technique based on a trainable classifier is used to characterize the neural coding of selectivity and invariance at the population level. The activity of very small populations of independently recorded IT neurons (~100 randomly selected cells) over very short time intervals (as small as 12.5 ms) contains surprisingly accurate and robust information about both object ‘identity’ and ‘category’, which is furthermore highly invariant to object position and scale. Significantly, selectivity and invariance are present even for novel objects, indicating that these properties arise from the intrinsic circuitry and do not require 252

object-specific learning. Within the limits of the technique, there is no detectable difference in the latency or temporal resolution of the IT information supporting so-called categorization (a.k. basic level) and identification (a.k. subordinate level) tasks. Furthermore, where information, in particular information about stimulus location and scale, can also be readout from the same small population of IT neurons. These results show how it is possible to decode invariant object information rapidly, accurately and robustly from a small population in IT and provide insights into the nature of the neural code for different kinds of object-related information. DTIC Pattern Recognition

20060049854 Alabama Univ., Birmingham, AL USA A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy Curiel, David T; Siegal, Gene; Wang, Minghui; Nov 2005; 80 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-05-1-0035 Report No.(s): AD-A454984; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy Gene therapy is a novel treatment modality which offers great potential for the control of carcinoma of the ovary. The efficacy of such approaches, however, is currently limited due to the inability of available gene delivery vehicles (vectors) to achieve efficient and selective gene transfer to target tumor cells. Proposed herein is a strategy to modify one candidate vector, recombinant adenovirus, such that it embodies the requisite properties of efficacy and specificity required for ovarian cancer gene therapy. This approach is based on targeting the delivered anti-cancer gene to tumor via two complimentary approaches. This approach is based upon restricting the expression of the anti-cancer gene exclusively to ovarian cancer tumor cells (‘transcriptional targeting’) plus directing the binding of the viral vector particle exclusively to tumor cells (‘transductional targeting’). This ‘double targeting’ approach is highly novel. We hypothesize that the vector improvements we propose herein will allow an improvement in the therapeutic index achievable by ovarian cancer gent therapy. Further, these strategies, if shown to be efficient efficacious here, have the potential to be rapidly translated into the clinical context. In this regard, our group has gained NIH regulatory approval and support for the employment of targeted vectors for ovarian cancer. We are thus familiar with the upscaling and regulatory aspects of clinical translation of novel gene therapy approaches. The double targeting approach we propose will allow us to illustrate key ‘proof-of-principle’ in a stringent animal model of cancer of the ovary. This data will provide the rationale to endeavor a human clinical trial on this basis. In this event, our experience and infrastructure can function to foster the most rapid possible transitioning of this strategy to the context of Phase 1 human clinical trials for carcinoma of the ovary. DTIC Cancer; Diseases; Gene Therapy; Genes; Ovaries; Toxins and Antitoxins

20060049855 Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (Provisional), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 Helfer, Thomas M; Jordan, Nikki N; Lee, Robyn B; Dec 2005; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454985; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy U.S. Army soldiers face unique noise exposures in the current deployed setting. The effects of these deployment-related exposures have not previously been documented. In an attempt to initiate this process, medical evaluations performed at military audiology clinics from April 2003 through March 2004 were reviewed to compare noise-induced hearing loss injury (NIHLI) outcomes among soldiers whose diagnoses were classified as postdeployment-related versus non-postdeploymentrelated. Sentinel NIHLI outcomes of interest included acoustic trauma, permanent threshold shift, eardrum perforation, tinnitus, and military-specific H-3 and H-4 hearing loss profiles. The results show that significantly higher rates of NIHLI and associated outcomes were observed among soldiers whose diagnoses were postdeployment-related. Based on the findings from this evaluation, recommendations are provided for enhancing the force health protection posture for prevention of hearing loss in future deployments. Key Words: noise-induced hearing loss injury, surveillance, postdeployment, evidence-based practice DTIC Armed Forces (United States); Audiology; Auditory Defects; Clinical Medicine; Combat; Deployment; Medical Services; Military Personnel; Physiological Effects 253

20060050025 Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC USA Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins Ding, Xuan Z; Bhattacharjee,, Apurba; Nikolich,, Mikeljon P; Paulsen,, Ian T; Myers,, Gary; Seshadri,, Rekha; Hoover, David L; Jan 2005; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454362; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454362; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Brucella, an aerobic, nonsporeforming, nonmotile Gram-negative coccobacillus, is a NIH/CDC category B bioterror threat agent that causes incapacitating human illness. Medical defense against the bioterror threat posed by Brucella would be strengthened by development of a human vaccine and improved diagnostic tests. Central to advancement of these goals is discovery of bacterial constituents that are immunogenic or antigenic for humans. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are particularly attractive for this purpose. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and purified seven predicted OMPs of Brucella suis. The recombinant proteins were fused with 6-His and V5 epitope tags at their C termini to facilitate detection and purification. The B. suis surface genes were PCR synthesized based on their ORF sequences and directly cloned into an entry vector. The recombinant entry constructs were propagated in TOP 10 cells, recombined into a destination vector, pET-DEST42, then transformed into E. coli BL21 cells for IPTG-induced protein expression. The expressed recombinant proteins were confirmed with Western blot analysis using anti-6-His antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. These B. suis OMPs were captured and purified using a HisGrab plate. The purified recombinant proteins were examined for their binding activity with antiserum. Serum derived from a rabbit immunized intramuscularly with dialyzed cell lysate of Brucella rough mutant WRR51. The OMPs were screened using the rabbit antiserum and purified IgG. The results suggested that recombinant B. suis OMPs were successfully cloned, expressed and purified. Some of the expressed OMPs showed high binding activity with immunized rabbit antiserum. DTIC Bacteria; Cloning (Biology); Diseases; Membranes; Proteins; Purification; Vaccines 20060050046 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Cells, Tissues, and Medical Devices Loftus, David J., Inventor; July 04, 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 26 Jul. 2003; US-Patent-7,070,923; US-Patent-Appl-SN-608884; NASA-Case-ARC-15088-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050046; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy System and method for enclosing cells and/or tissue, for purposes of growth, cell differentiation, suppression of cell differentiation, biological processing and/or transplantation of cells and tissues (biological inserts), and for secretion, sensing and monitoring of selected chemical substances and activation of gene expression of biological inserts implanted into a human body. Selected cells and/or tissue are enveloped in a ‘cage’ that is primarily carbon nanotube Bucky paper, with a selected thickness and porosity. Optionally, selected functional groups, proteins and/or peptides are attached to the carbon nanotube cage, or included within the cage, to enhance the growth and/or differentiation of the cells and/or tissue, to select for certain cellular sub-populations, to optimize certain functions of the cells and/or tissue and/or to optimize the passage of chemicals across the cage surface(s). A cage system is also used as an immuns shield and to control operation of a nano-device or macroscopic device, located within the cage, to provide or transform a selected chemical and/or a selected signal. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Carbon Nanotubes; Medical Equipment; Proteins; Gene Expression; Cells (Biology); Bioprocessing; Control Equipment; Detection 20060050162 Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA USA Evaluation of the Effects of Multiple Immunizations Administered in a Stressful Environment on Immunologic Function Russell, Kevin L; Ryan, Margaret A K; Mar 2006; 11 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MIPR4CSNCM4036 Report No.(s): AD-A454300; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454300; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy It is hypothesized that multiple vaccinations administered simultaneously in a stressful environment may induce an exaggerated The immune response and adverse health effects. Epidemiological surveys have preliminarily confirmed adverse health effects but not Th2 immune responses in multiply immunized war veterans. We propose a prospective clinical trial in a military recruit population ( ~ 6 5 0t)o test the hypothesis that multiple, simultaneous vaccinations in a stressful environment induce an exaggerated Th2 immune response in addition to adverse Th2- associated symptoms. This study aims to compare 254

the immune responses and health effects in recruits undergoing a multiple, simultaneous vaccination schedule with the s a l e variables in those immunized with a staggered schedule. A Marine recruit population with routine high levels of stress will be split into (I) multiple, simultaneous and (2) staggered vaccination groups. Cytokine and lymphocyte levels in addition to lymphocyte stimulation studies will be performed on blood samples to compare immune responses. Questionnaires, sick call databases, and comprehensive electronic military health databases will be used to compare health outcomes. Immunity to infectious pathogens is critical for maintaining military readiness, but the potential effects of multiple, simultaneous vaccinations are not well known. This study will contribute to existing research on the possible impact of multiple vaccinations administered under stressful conditions. DTIC Immunology; Stress (Physiology)

52 AEROSPACE MEDICINE Includes the biological and physiological effects of atmospheric and space flight (weightlessness, space radiation, acceleration, and altitude stress) on the human being; and the prevention of adverse effects on those environments. For psychological and behavioral effects of aerospace environments, see 53 Behavioral Sciences. For the effects of space on animals and plants see 51 Life Sciences.

20060048264 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Associated with Spaceflight Zwart, S. R.; Watts, S. M.; Sams, C. F.; Whitson, P. A.; Smith, S. M.; [2006]; 9 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In several studies we tested the concepts that diet can alter acid-base balance and that reducing the dietary acid load has a positive effect on maintenance of bone. In study 1, (n = 11, 60-90 d bed rest), the renal acid load of the diet was estimated from its chemical composition, and was positively correlated with urinary markers of bone resorption (P less than 0.05); that is, the greater the acid load, the greater the excretion of bone resorption markers. In study 2, in males (n = 8, 30 d bed rest), an estimate of the ratio of nonvolatile acid precursors to base precursors in the diet was positively correlated (P less than 0.05) with markers of bone resorption. In study 3, for 28 d subjects received either a placebo (n = 6) or an essential amino acid supplement (n = 7) that included methionine, a known acid precursor. During bed rest (28 d), urinary calcium was greater than baseline levels in the supplemented group but not the control group (P less than 0.05), and in the supplemented group, urinary pH decreased (P less than 0.05). In study 4, less bone resorption occurred in space crew members who received potassium citrate (n = 6) during spaceflight of 4-6 months than in crew members who received placebo or were not in the study (n = 8) (P less than 0.05). Reducing acid load has the potential to mitigate increased bone resorption during spaceflight, and may serve as a bone loss countermeasure. Author Bone Demineralization; Diets; Manned Space Flight; Bed Rest; Acid Base Equilibrium

20060048511 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Last 45 Years Lane, Helen W.; Kloeris, Vickie; Perchonok, M. H.; Zwart, S. R.; Smith, Scott M.; [2006]; 11 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The prospect of a lunar outpost to conduct science and learn how to live and work off the Earth is exciting. The nutritional sciences will focus on the issues of over all health, with emphasis on skeletal muscle health and prevention of radiation damage. There is a great deal of research needed to determine the nutritional and food component potential for preventing the changes that occur in space flight. Further research is also needed on the interactions of systems and countermeasures, such as protein-amino acid needs for enhancement of muscle protein synthesis while not being detrimental for bone health. The interrelationship between radiation exposure, nutrition, and food components has just begun. Derived from text Nutrition; Manned Space Flight; International Space Station; Extraterrestrial Radiation 255

20060048688 Naval Medical Research Center, Bethesda, MD USA Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With 40% Oxygen/60% Helium Smith, D J; Flynn, E T; Jun 1999; 29 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-M0099 Report No.(s): AD-A453323; NMRC-99-05; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453323; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy U.S. Navy Special Warfare divers frequently perform long-duration, multilevel dives while breathing air, 100% oxygen, or nitrogen-oxygen mixtures in varying combinations. Dive depths range from 0-100 feet seawater (fsw) and dive durations may extend up to 6 h or more. Present decompression procedures mandate lengthy decompressions that in many cases impede mission accomplishment. This study explored the potential use of a hyperoxic helium-oxygen breathing mixture to reduce or eliminate in-water decompression time on these profiles. The protocol simulated operational diving conditions with respect to water temperature and exercise level. A total of 67 ‘no-decompression’ dives were completed successfully using 40% O2/60% He as the breathing mixture: 55 dives were 6 h in duration at depths ranging from 50 to 60 fsw, 6 dives were 8 h in duration at a depth of 60 fsw and 6 dives were 6.5 h in duration on a multi-level profile with depths ranging from 0-100 fsw. All dives used standard USN descent and ascent rates without decompression stops. One case of possible neurological (Type II) decompression sickness occurred during the series. DTIC Breathing Apparatus; Diving (Underwater); Gas Mixtures; Helium; Oxygen; Pressure Reduction 20060048971 Naval Medical Research Center, Bethesda, MD USA Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Emulsion Dromsky, David M; Spiess, Bruce D; Fahlman, Andres; Apr 2004; 6 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-M000099 Report No.(s): AD-A453820; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We examined an adjunctive treatment for severe decompression sickness (DCS) to be used when hyperbaric treatment is delayed or unavailable. Hypothesis: It has been hypothesized that intravenous perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion combined with 100% inspired O2 would improve the outcome in severe DCS. Methods: Swine (n = 45) were compressed to 4.9 ATA on air for 22 h and brought directly to 1 ATA at 0.9 ATA min 1. The animals were then randomized to three groups. The first group breathed ambient air, the second group breathed 100% O2, and a third group received 6 ml kg 1 of perflubron emulsion (Oxygent ) intravenously and breathed 100% O2. Outcomes of neurological and cardiopulmonary DCS and death were recorded. Results: Animals that received PFC emulsion sustained less DCS (p 0.01) than the other groups (53% vs. 93%). No animals in the PFC group sustained neurological DCS, which was present in 69% of the subjects in the other two groups. Conclusion: O2 breathing postdive did not significantly reduce morbidity or mortality in this model. Postdive treatment with PFC emulsion and 100% O2 decreased the incidence of DCS after nonstop decompression from saturation. DTIC Decompression Sickness; Emulsions; Intravenous Procedures; Swine 20060048980 Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA USA Operator Functional State Assessment (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle de i’operateur humain) Carter, R; Cheuvront, S N; Sawka, M N; Feb 2004; 8 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MISC-03-02 Report No.(s): AD-A453836; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Climate; Hydration; Physical Fitness; Temperature Control; Water 20060049407 Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario Canada A Preliminary Study of Heat Strain Using Modelling and Simulation Cain, Brad; May 2006; 84 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454398; DRDC-TR-2005-255; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454398; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This assessment of intermittent work in hot environments was conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of modelling and simulation to the Canadian Forces. Analytical predictions of work and rest durations were made using a thermal physiology model and a human performance modelling tool, IPME The results indicate that current guidelines could be extended to cover 256

work in more extreme climatic conditions, including WBGT(C) values into the mid 40s, and that the published CF work and rest durations may be too conservative in some conditions. The available time for this study did not permit validation of the predictions by empirical studies, but an approach is presented for a more comprehensive investigation that would lead to a validated update to the current guidelines for commanders. DTIC Military Personnel; Simulation; Stress-Strain Relationships 20060049453 Ljubljana Univ., Macedonia Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty Mekjavic, Igor B; Kocjan, Nina; Vrhovec, Miro; Golja, Petra; House, Carol; Eiken, Ola; May 1, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454495; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454495; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy No abstract available Blood Circulation; Blood Flow; Low Temperature; Vasodilation; Winter 20060049589 Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA USA Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep Deprivation Williams, Diane; Englund, Carl E; Sucec, Anthony A; Overson, Mark D; Feb 1998; 32 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454599; NHRC-95-8; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The cognitive performance effects of some stressors experienced in military training and combat were determined in a field experiment. The effects of wearing chemical protective clothing (CPC) at Mission-Oriented Protective Posture Level IV, walking 18 to 24 miles (29-39 km) while carrying a heavy backpack, and taking 50-mg oral doses every 6 hr. of diphenhydramine (an antihistamine) were investigated on 72 Marines during a 36-hr. sleep deprivation double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment. We administered tests that measured reaction time, spatial ability, memory, and logical reasoning. The results suggest that wearing CPC for an 11-hr period or prolonged engagement in moderate exercise produces general cognitive impairment in sleep-deprived participants. However, after repeated dosing, taking diphenhydramine has little cognitive effect. These results suggest that, if a job is near the limit of a person’s cognitive abilities, performance may suffer if the person is sleep deprived and required to wear CPC or engage in prolonged, moderate exercise. DTIC Antihistaminics; Cognition; Field Tests; Mental Performance; Physical Exercise; Protective Clothing; Sleep Deprivation 20060049697 State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook, NY USA Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduction Systems for Family Maltreatment, Suicidality, and Substance Problems in the USAF Smith Slep, Amy M; Heyman, Richard E; Mar 2006; 11 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-03-1-0166 Report No.(s): AD-A454789; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This project aims to enhance the capacity of the Air Force (AF) to reduce death injury and degraded force readiness via reduction of the prevalence and impact of family maltreatment suicidality and alcohol/drug problems. Managing risk and increasing resilience in military human resources (i.e. ‘Force Health Protection’) is a top priority for DoD and Armed Forces leadership. The objective of this study is to enhance the AF’s current prevention delivery (known as the Integrated Delivery System; IDS) infrastructure through (a) development and validation of an information system needed to direct prevention efforts more effectively and efficiently; (b) adoption of a prevention-science- based approach; and (c) evaluation of its effectiveness. When funded the proposed project was broken into two phases. This first phase is a demonstration project on which to build a randomized trial. This project includes: (a) pilot testing the development of an innovative surveillance system and validating its accuracy (at 3 AF bases) for family maltreatment suicidality and problematic alcohol and drug use and (b) pilot testing the creation of an enhanced IDS by training community leaders in prevention-science-based intervention methodology and testing the impact on factors that are prerequisites for effective community prevention initiatives and on targeted outcomes. DTIC Armed Forces (United States); Drugs; Military Personnel; Risk; Surveillance; Violence 257

20060049704 National Inst. of Industrial Health, Kawasaki, Japan Assessment of Local Cold Tolerance of Individuals by using Conventional and Unconventional Methods Based on Observation of CIVD Reactivity Sawada, Shin-ichi; May 1, 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454798; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Cold Tolerance; Reaction Kinetics; Reactivity; Vasodilation 20060049723 Portsmouth Univ., Portsmouth, UK The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Non-Freezing Cold Injury Eglin, Clare; Golden, Frank; Tipton, Michael; May 1, 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454822; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Freezing; Injuries; Low Temperature; Physical Exercise; Sensitivity 20060049827 Jozef Stefan Inst., Ljubljana, Slovenia Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a Passive Heat and Moisture Exchanger Mekjavic, Igor B; Eiken, Ola; May 1, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454946; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy No abstract available Frostbite; Heat Exchangers; Injuries; Masks; Moisture; Prevention 53 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Includes psychological factors; individual and group behavior; crew training and evaluation; and psychiatric research.

20060048266 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale Smith, Scott M.; Dyer, C. B.; Pavlik, V. N.; Kelly, P. A.; Lee, J.; Doody, R. S.; Regev, C.; Pickens, C.; Burnett, J.; [2006]; 13 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NIH-P20RR20626; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Research in elder self-neglect has lagged behind that of other forms of mistreatment, despite the fact that self-neglect is the most common allegation reported to Adult Protective Service agencies throughout the US. The lack of a gold-standard to measure self-neglect has hampered efforts to study this phenomenon. Researchers designed the Self-neglect Severity Scale (SSS) based on interviews with Adult Protective Service workers and a national expert panel. The SSS is based on observation and interview and is administered in the home to include an environmental assessment. It was piloted, extensively field tested and then revised. The CREST SSS was developed using survey data and consultation with experts in the field. This instrument utilizes observer ratings, interview responses, and assesses subjects physical and environmental domains. It also assesses functional status as it relates to health and safety issues. After field and pilot testing the SSS was finalized and is currently undergoing reliability and validity testing. The CREST SSS was developed as a state scale to provide a common language for describing cases of self-neglect. It is the first self-neglect severity scale available to researchers. If found to be both reliable and valid it can be used in future intervention studies. Author Human Behavior; Sociology; Psychology; Surveys; Scale (Ratio) 54 MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT Includes human factors engineering, bionics, man-machine systems, life support, space suits and protective clothing. For related information see also 16 Space Transportation and Safety and 52 Aerospace Medicine.

20060048563 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration Robinson, Julie A.; Thumm, Tracy L.; Thomas, Donald A.; [2006]; 10 pp.; In English; International Astronautical Congress, 258

2-6 Oct. 2006, Valencia, Spain; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048563; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In response to the U.S. President s Vision for Space Exploration (January 14, 2004), NASA has revised its utilization plans for ISS to focus on (1) research on astronaut health and the development of countermeasures that will protect our crews from the space environment during long duration voyages, (2) ISS as a test bed for research and technology developments that will insure vehicle systems and operational practices are ready for future exploration missions, (3) developing and validating operational practices and procedures for long-duration space missions. In addition, NASA will continue a small amount of fundamental research in life and microgravity sciences. There have been significant research accomplishments that are important for achieving the Exploration Vision. Some of these have been formal research payloads, while others have come from research based on the operation of International Space Station (ISS). We will review a selection of these experiments and results, as well as outline some of ongoing and upcoming research. The ISS represents the only microgravity opportunity to perform on-orbit long-duration studies of human health and performance and technologies relevant for future long-duration missions planned during the next 25 years. Even as NASA focuses on developing the Orion spacecraft and return to the moon (2015-2020), research on and operation of the ISS is fundamental to the success of NASA s Exploration Vision. Author Aerospace Environments; International Space Station; Microgravity; Spacecrews; Countermeasures; Bioastronautics; Spacecraft Environments; Long Duration Space Flight; Biological Effects; Life Sciences 20060048601 Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA Supporting Situation Assessment through Attention Guidance: A Cost-Benefit and Depth of Processing Analysis Horrey, William J; Wickens, Christopher D; Jan 2001; 6 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL0196-2-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A446845; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA446845; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Automated support systems may be useful tools for aiding situation assessment in complex environments such as the military battlefield. These environments are marked by large amounts of information that often must be weighted and integrated into a meaningful judgment or assessment. The present research examines the effects of attention cueing on information integration tasks in static battlefield situations. Sixteen participants completed a resource allocation task for 56 battlefield scenarios (based on perceived threats). For half the trials, an automated system guided their attention to high-threat units. On two trials a memory probe was administered to assess the depth of processing of information, and on the final trial an automation failure was presented. Results demonstrated an overall allocation performance advantage for automation but poorer recall for automation-enhanced units. Half of the participants failed to attend to the system failure. Those participants who detected the failure were inferred to have processed the cues more deeply on the memory trials. The costs and benefits of automated cueing are discussed. DTIC Cost Effectiveness; Cues; Digital Data; Maps; Situational Awareness; Threat Evaluation 20060048634 Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD USA Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts Reich, D H; Chen, C S; Chien, C L; Meyer, G J; Leong, K; Searson, P C; Xiao, G; Jul 14, 2006; 27 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-02-1-0307 Report No.(s): AD-A453239; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453239; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A technique of increasing importance in biotechnology is the manipulation of cells and biomolecules with small magnetic particles. In this research program, we developed a new type of carrier particle, multifunctional magnetic nanowires, which possess tunable magnetic and chemical properties. These nanowires can carry out multiple tasks e.g. binding multiple types of molecules, probing chemical activity in specific regions of a cell, and responding to light as well as to magnetic fields. Among the DoD relevant applications envisioned for the nanowires are new techniques for biosensing, novel approaches to tissue engineering, and a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches including rapid drug delivery, gene therapy and high-efficiency cell sorting. This program carried out the development steps necessary to demonstrate the feasibility of these applications. DTIC Biomagnetism; Biotechnology; Magnetic Properties; Nanowires; Tuning 259

20060048754 National Steel and Shipbuilding Co., San Diego, CA USA Group Technology/Flow Applications Research (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Haumschilt, Lynwood P; Oakes, William S; Sep 1985; 17 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453504; NSRP-0226; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453504; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The general subjects of GT (group technology), production cells, and shop flow have been in the technical press for some time now. And the relationship to CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) is also being introduced. All of these concepts have much to offer the shipbuilder, but we need to relate these modern concepts to shipbuilding. In this talk, we will describe these related subjects and the opportunities that shipbuilders have, a new look at CIM and GT from a shipyard perspective, and several proposed practical projects involving a machine shop and a sheet metal shop. As we see it, ‘departments’ many shipyard shops are set up in , grouping similar machines based on the commonality of the machines. Another way is to group machines and processes based on the commonality of the groups of products being processed. This different viewpoint may have a lot to offer us as shipbuilders in reduced costs and faster thruput. DTIC Computer Aided Manufacturing; Layouts; Marine Technology; Production Engineering; Ships; Technology Utilization 20060048942 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: 9/11 Commission Recommendations and Related Issues Morgan, Daniel; Krouse, William; Feb 7, 2005; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453723; CRS-RS21916; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In its final report, the 9/11 Commission concluded that funding and completing a ‘biometric entry-exit screening system’ for travelers to and from the USA is essential to U.S. national security. The commission noted that the USA has built the first phase of a biometric screening system known as US-VISIT, and recommended that the ‘patchwork’ of other border screening systems be consolidated with US-VISIT to serve as the basis for a single system to streamline border inspections. This report provides an overview of biometric technologies and the major U.S. biometric border screening systems, including US-VISIT, and discusses issues such as cost, performance, and user acceptance. Based in part upon the commission’s recommendations, Congress included biometric provisions related to entry/exit control in the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-458). This topic will probably continue to be of interest to the 109th Congress. This report will be updated as needed. DTIC Biometrics; Security; United States 20060049376 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Soesterberg, Netherlands Tactile Land Navigation in Night Operations Duistermaat, M; Dec 20, 2005; 47 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454334; TNO-DV3-2005-M065; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454334; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Soldiers who need to navigate using a visual display do not have their eyes and hands available for other tasks. This can be prevented by presenting navigation information on a tactile waist belt, which proved to be effective in a previous study. In the current study, soldiers’ performance on navigation and target detection in night operations was compared for three different systems: the tactile navigation system (called the Personal Tactile Navigator or PTN), the Land Warrior System (LWS), and a visual GPS system (PLGR). Twenty-four enlisted U.S. infantry soldiers evaluated a tactile land navigation system in densely forested terrain. Each soldier also navigated equivalent 1500-meter routes with a Land Warrior System and the visual Army GPS system. Evaluation data reveal that the tactile system was rated positively by the soldiers. In all cases, the PTN system was rated higher than the visual GPS system, and, in most cases, the PTN system was rated as high as, or higher than, the LWS system. Soldiers particularly appreciated the tactile system for its ease of use and enabling of eyes-free and hands-free navigation. However, the questionnaire data as well as soldier comments reveal that the PTN system is not appropriate for obtaining global situational awareness. These results support the proven effectiveness of PTN for land navigation and also in adverse (visual) circumstances with a target detection task added. A potential stronger application could lie in combining the tactile and visual information, especially to provide improved global situational awareness. The potential advantages of a combined system, in which the soldier relies upon tactile information for navigation and occasionally checks a visual display to obtain global situational awareness, will be tested in a follow-up study. DTIC Detection; Navigation; Navigation Aids; Night; Personnel; Reconnaissance; Target Acquisition; Touch; Vibration 260

20060049611 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Eindhoven, Netherlands Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines Heus, Ronald; Schols, Ed; Kistemaker, Lyda; May 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454631; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Frostbite; Skis 20060049764 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Correction Insert Stability Evaluation Garrett, Lamar; Harper, William H; Ortega, Samson V; White, Timothy L; Sep 2006; 76 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454869; ARL-TR-3900; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy Soldiers, first responders, and search-and-rescue personnel are among those whose job requirements include exposure to hazardous and toxic elements. The Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM), XM50/XM51 is being developed as the next generation of respirators for all ground personnel of the U.S. Armed Forces. The JSGPM, together with personal protective equipment, allows the operators the flexibility to tailor their protection, based on mission threat, thereby minimizing weight, bulk, and heat stress. This study looked at JSGPM from a systems development perspective and evaluated comfort, stability, donning and doffing procedures in comparison to the M40 series mask. Four configurations (M40 series mask with Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology [JSLIST, jacket only], XM50 with hood, XM50 with JSLIST [jacket only], and the XM50 with JSLIST [jacket only] and modified mask beard) were tested. The analysis showed that there were no significant differences among any of the characteristics rated for the responses to the comfort and vision correction inserts questionnaire. The results of the comparative questionnaires showed that 94% of the Soldiers rated the XM50 mask as better than the M40 series mask. DTIC Comfort; Inserts; Masks; Protectors; Respirators; Stability; Systems Integration 20060050065 Research and Technology Organization, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach October 2005; In English; RTO Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM) Symposium, 3-5 Oct. 2005, Prague, Czech Republic; See also 20060050066 - 20060050107 Report No.(s): RTO-MP-HFM-124; AC/323(HFM-124)TP/63; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: C01, CD-ROM Some topics covered include: The USA Army Future Force Warrior - An Integrated Human Centric System; Systems Engineering, Acquisition and Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT): Achieving the Promise of Human Systems Integration; Integration and Application of Human Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: Assessment of Network Centric Warfare Capabilities; Methodological Issues when Assessing Dismounted Soldier Mobility Performance; The Effect of Various Display Modalities on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Performance; The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned; Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Sizing; Prevention of Low Back Complaints; Stress and Psychological Support; U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness; and Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective. Derived from text Combat; Human Performance; Systems Engineering; Mental Health; Prevention; Personnel 20060050066 Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, Netherlands Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effective or is Refractive Surgery a Better Option? Rouwen, A. J. P.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 38-1 - 38-11; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Some categories of military personnel are not able and not allowed to use spectacles during active duty. The Ophthalmology Department of the Central Military Hospital in the Netherlands has a 5 years experience with the use of a second generation extended wear soft contact lens (Silicone Hydrogels) in Marines of the Royal Dutch Navy. During operations, personnel should be able to wear the lenses day and night for at least 10 consecutive days, without removal or 261

cleaning of the lenses. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question if these special contact lenses are safe, effective and useful in all individuals during prolonged deployments. Recently, military personnel are treated with refractive surgery in order to cure their ametropia and after a military medical re-examination are being declared fit for all duties. This procedure is discussed as an alternative. Author Contact Lenses; Deployment; Military Operations; Military Personnel; Ophthalmology 20060050067 Defence Science Technology Lab., Farnborough, UK Exploration of the Area of Multinational Operations and Inter-Cultural Factors: An Update of HFM-120/RTG Activities Verall, Neil G.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. R2-1 - R2-7; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document HFM-120/RTG Exploration of the Area of Multinational Operations and Inter-Cultural Factors first began life as Exploratory Team-036 (ET-036) in February 2003. The recommendation and formation of such an ET was the direct result of recognising the emerging importance of cultural factors within modern military operations. The shift from traditional warfighting capabilities to a more complex level of coalition interoperability has become more pronounced since the operations in the Balkans during the early 1990s. The issues and lessons which arose from the high profile involvements in Bosnia, Kosovo Afghanistan, and currently in Iraq, have illustrated the need to explore and consider the impact of cultural factors on multinational operations. HFM-120/RTG is currently involved in exploring the key cultural factors that contribute to effective multinational operations. This paper discusses the activities and progress to date, some emerging findings of interest, and suggests some early direction for future work in this area. Author Military Operations; Recognition; Interoperability 20060050068 Institute of Aviation Medicine, Prague, Czechoslovakia Long-Distance Government Flights - A Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat Sorties? Bartos, Dusan; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 39-1 - 39-3; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The Czech Air Force Government Flying Service (CAFGFS) provides various forms of transport flights for senior governmental representatives. There is a lack of objective knowledge on actual workload of flight crews, mainly during long-haul flights. In some important characteristics these flights are essentially different from common long-haul flights, performed by civilian carriers, whereas in others they are drawing on toward field sorties.5 demanding missions with crossing from five to eleven time zones were monitored by medical observers. The duty and flight time periods, flight time on partial legs, as well as the rest periods duration are devoted entirely to the mission agenda and sometimes are over the edge of the principles of safety. Exceptionally demanding is the solving of unexpected circumstances of flight operations, as are the changes of operational flight plan or the handling of in-flight emergencies. Key words: Long-distance government flights; peaceful missions; psychological stress; medical check. Author Workloads (Psychophysiology); Stress (Psychology); Flight Operations; Flight Crews; Combat; Flight Time 20060050069 Oulu Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Rintamaki, Hannu; Oksa, Juha; Rissanen, Sirkka; Makinen, Tero; Kyrolainen, Heikki; Keskinen, Ossi; Kauranen, Kari; Peitso, Ari; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 18-1 - 18-4; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The purpose of this study was to measure the amount of physical activity during a 12 days military winter training and to investigate whether the operation affects soldiers’ muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness. The studied 12 days training was consisted of 6 days combat training followed by 6 days combat shooting training. Altogether 23 male jaegers served as test subjects. Each subject participated three times in a maximal oxygen consumption test (maxVO2) on a bicycle ergometer and 262

in six muscle performance tests: maximal voluntary isometric knee extension (KE), static jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ) and drop-jump (DJ) (40 cm bench) were performed on a contact mat, and for the measurements of mean anaerobic power (AP) subjects performed five consecutive CMJs; maximal isometric rotation of the wrist (WR) was also measured. The tests were carried out three days before the field operation (T1), at the 5th day of the operation (T2) and at the end of the operation (12th day, T3). Four of the subjects were also equipped with GPS recorders, which measured route, speed, distance, altitude and heart rate. The average daily temperature during training ranged from 0.5 C to -11.8 C. During combat phase the average speed of soldiers was 1.00 - 1.85 km/h. Duration of these operations ranged from 1:33 to 3:14 h, and they were 2.85 - 4.48 km long. During shooting training the values were 1.30 - 1.40 km/h, 1:45 - 2:21 h, and 2.55 - 3.21 km, respectively. During other activities on foot the average daily speed was 0.59 - 1.28 km/h. Resting period during night was on average 4:54 h. SJ increased and only WR declined on T2 and T3 in comparison to T1. Force production time during KE became significantly slower during T2 and T3 compared to T1. In cardiorespiratory fitness there was in relation to the first test a significant difference only in maximal heart rate. A slightly decreasing tendency was observed in other parameters. In conclusion, the studied winter operation had only minor effect on soldiers’ maximal muscle performance, and no effects on maximal oxygen consumption, ventilation or ergometer work load. However, the significantly lower heart rate both in T2 and T3 in relation to T1 may reflect increased efficiency of cardiac function or increased plasma volume possibly due to the training. It seems that the studied training did not produce long term fatigue. Author Combat; Heart Function; Heart Rate; Workloads (Psychophysiology); Respiration; Oxygen Consumption; Muscular Function

20060050070 Air Force Research Lab., Brooks AFB, TX, USA Application of Shift Work Scheduling Principles and Tools for Optimizing Console Based Operations Dart, Todd S.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 26-1 - 26-6; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Modern command and control has created the novel paradox whereby units ‘deployed’ at their home base are tasked to conduct wartime operations and face wartime stresses while simultaneously juggling peacetime administrative duties, manpower intensive base support duties and social stresses not typically faced by deployed personnel. This often results in units trying to cope by using rapidly shifting, haphazard work schedules that overstress their personnel and result in chronic unit fatigue, decreased morale and social problems. Applying nine principle-based shift work scheduling techniques along with the human performance modeling capability such as the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST) gives personnel of console based units the tools needed to mitigate chronic fatigue, reduce mishap risk and increase mission effectiveness. Author Command and Control; Human Performance; Scheduling; Performance Prediction; Manpower; Deployment; Consoles

20060050071 QinetiQ Ltd., Farnborough, UK Strategies to Improve Alertness during Extended Deployments Stone, Barbara M.; Robertson, Karen A.; Turner, Claire; Spencer, Michael B.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 24-1 - 24-10; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document During extended deployments there are a number of strategies available to increase alertness. The initial approach is to optimize work rest patterns and the tool being developed at QinetiQ will make this process simpler for commanders. The judicious use of naps is the second approach recommended. The choice of nap duration should take into account the problem of sleep inertia and allow sufficient time for recovery. Should these two approaches be insufficient then the use of drugs may be considered. Depending on the time available for sleep, hypnotics such as temazepam (for sleep periods of 6h or more) or zaleplon (for shorter sleep periods) have been shown to be effective, although particular care should be taken in the choice of hypnotic for females. As far as stimulants are concerned, none are currently approved for use in the UK military. Caffeine is effective and it may also lessen sleep inertia. Modafinil has a slower onset of activity and is long acting, although it may impair subsequent sleep. A handbook for commanders or medical officers on the use of these strategies could be a significant aid in the management of alertness during extended deployments. Author Stimulants; Alertness; Deployment; Drugs; Caffeine 263

20060050072 Air Force Research Lab., Brooks AFB, TX, USA Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in the Operational Environment Caldwell, John A.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 31-1 - 31-16; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Fatigue has been identified as an important operational problem in both military and civilian aviation. Requirements for extended duty periods, inconsistent work/rest schedules, multiple-time-zone operations, and night flights combine to potentially degrade performance and alertness in the cockpit. Duty-time limitations traditionally have been relied upon to manage aircrew fatigue; but problems persist as evidenced by the fact that significant fatigue-related mishaps continue to occur. Because of this, it is worthwhile to consider the limited use of alternative strategies such as stimulants. The data from five placebo-controlled studies (four with dextroamphetamine and one with modafinil) were combined to examine the overall efficacy of stimulants for preserving flight performance, physiological alertness, and subjective vigilance in sleep-deprived pilots. Statistically-significant (p\h.05) drug main effects and drug-by-time interactions revealed that both compounds maintained flight performance across six maneuvers, attenuated deprivation-related increases in slow-wave electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, and preserved subjective ratings of psychological vigor throughout 34-39 hours of continuous wakefulness, whereas substantial difficulties were observed under placebo. Dextroamphetamine and modafinil are effective for sustaining aviator alertness and performance (although, some potentially dose-related adverse effects were observed with modafinil). While it may be illadvised to rely upon the long-term use of these or other pharmacological strategies as the sole remedy for fatigue in aviation, stimulants can be counted upon to temporarily mitigate the deleterious effects of fatigue during operations in which no other countermeasures are feasible. Author Stimulants; Wakefulness; Aircraft Pilots; Alertness; Deprivation; Flight Crews; Physiology

20060050073 Chief of Naval Operations, Washington, DC, USA Systems Engineering, Acquisition and Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT): Achieving the Promise of Human Systems Integration Dolan, Nancy; McGovern, Jennifer; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 1-1 - 1-6; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Emphasis on mission systems performance has focused on the development and implementation of technology. The success of these systems hinges on the successful performance of the humans interacting with these systems to meet the desired operational capabilities. The Systems Engineering, Acquisition, and Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT) program identified and documented the processes and tool sets that allow successful implementation of mission systems that work and are scalable across organizational structures and working within the current structure while it transforms. Author Systems Engineering; Systems Integration

20060050074 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA Methodological Issues when Assessing Dismounted Soldier Mobility Performance Bassan, David M.; Boynton, Angela C.; Ortega, Samson V.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 3-1 - 3-6; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document A challenge in fielding new soldier equipment lies in assessing how to trade off the increased combat effectiveness provided by the equipment with the decreased mobility associated with increasing the load carried by the soldier. In order to help address this challenge, this paper examined the relationship between characteristics of the load carried and time to complete an obstacle course. The objective was to derive a prediction equation for time to complete an obstacle course while carrying weapon systems of various length and weight. Data from 13 studies conducted at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland obstacle course from 1973 to the present were analyzed using regression analysis. We found a positive linear relationship between obstacle course completion time and total load carried (r2 = 0.59, p\h0.000), with a slope of 3.58. That is, each additional pound carried increased completion time by 3.58 seconds. Several issues related to the methodology for evaluating and predicting mobility performance during load carriage were identified. Correct addressing these issues should 264

increase the r2 of the prediction equation. Recommendations and plans for future load carriage studies are also discussed. Author Mobility; Combat; Regression Analysis; Performance Prediction 20060050075 Army Research Lab., Fort Sill, OK, USA Enabling Cultural Adaptability Sutton, Janet L.; Gundling, Ernest; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 12-1 - 12-9; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Military staff performing command and control functions require a unique set of skills when working in a multinational environment that are not typically taught in national or NATO training venues. It is vital to be able to navigate the challenges of culture during information exchange regarding team tasks, goals and mission, response sequencing, time and position coordination, load balancing, matching resources to task requirements, adjusting activities in response to errors and omissions, and general activity monitoring. Lack of skill in multicultural teamwork has been found to be an unnecessary weakness in military staffs, specifically at the Joint Task Force level. This paper presents a technology solution: a web-based tool named ‘GLOBESMART(Registered TradeMark) COMMANDER’ currently under development by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Human Research and Engineering Directorate and MeridianEaton Global, an international consulting company. Author Human Factors Engineering; Education; Coordination; Command and Control; Adaptation 20060050076 National Defense Research Organization TNO, Rijswijk, Netherlands HFM-057: Biotechnologies for Assessment of Toxic Hazards in Operational Environments Nieuwenhuizen, M. S.; Langenberg, J. P.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. R3-1 - R3-4; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document A general overview is given on the activities of HFM057 TG009 which include research and development in the area of biotechnology applied for the assessment of toxic hazards in operational environments. These environments are increasingly dangerous from a toxic hazards point of view whereas today s acceptance levels are increasing becoming lower. Author Biotechnology; General Overviews; Toxic Hazards 20060050077 Wright Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA Status Report for HFM-078/RTG-17 Uninhabited Military Vehicles: Human Factor Issues in Augmenting the Force Reising, John M.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. R4-1 - R4-4; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document HFM-078/RTG-17 will complete its term at the end of 2005. Its objective is to look at human operator issues involved with uninhabited military vehicles. After some initial meetings, a crucial symposium in Leiden, Netherlands was held to frame the issues to be addressed by the TG. The results of the symposium led to the following five key issues which form basis of discussion in the final technical report: 1-Theoretical Frameworks, 2-System of Systems, 3-Cooperative Automation and Computational Intelligence, 4-Controls and Displays, and 5-Human-Automation Integration. The capstone symposium will be held in Biarritz, France in 2006. Author Human Factors Engineering; Intelligence; Display Devices 20060050078 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA The Effect of Various Display Modalities on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Performance Schribner, David; Wiley, Patrick; Harper, William; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 4-1 - 4-10; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The study examined the effects of auditory and visual displays, with and without an auditory alert cue (AAC), on a friend or foe shooting task and secondary task performance. Visual display conditions were: a forearm-mounted display (FMD), 2) 265

a helmet-mounted display (HMD), 3) an FMD with an AAC, and 4) an HMD with an AAC. Results indicated that shooting performance was hindered by the use of an HMD. Shooting errors while performing a dual task were minimized with the use of an AAC for the secondary task. Additionally, of all display conditions, shooting errors were highest with the HMD, and lowest with the FMD with an AAC. Author Display Devices; Helmet Mounted Displays; Errors; Human Performance; Task Complexity

20060050079 NATO Research and Technology Organization, Paris, France Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective Meijer, Marten; deVries, Rodney; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 10-1 - 10-8; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The maintenance of combat readiness of an Armed Forces combat unit is determined by many factors, such as material readiness, training level, personnel readiness and combat exposure. From a study in the Royal Netherlands Navy among 8 seagoing units it appeared that personnel readiness is predicted by the quality and quantity of the personnel aboard and the time that they are aboard of the combat unit. Especially training and personnel readiness are the human factors in the maintenance of combat readiness. In 2004 an expert panel on the combat readiness of combat units in Iraq in showed that prevention of moral injuries by unit cohesion and leadership contributes to this combat readiness. From a systematic and systemic analysis of a deployment of Royal Netherlands Marine Corps battalions in United Nations Missions in Africa and Iraq it appears that psychosocial factors contribute to the maintenance of combat readiness as well, such as the assistance of military social workers before, during and after the deployment of the combat unit, including systemic interventions to the home front of the deployed personnel. From the analysis of the satisfaction with early interventions after deployments for these units and for a Landing Platform Dock, which deployed to Liberia in 2004, it appears that these interventions contribute to the maintenance of combat readiness as well. We conclude that human factors and systematic, systemic psychosocial interventions contribute the maintenance of combat readiness. Several recommendations are made to use these factors and interventions to maintain combat readiness. Author Human Factors Engineering; Leadership; Education; Injuries; Exposure; Deployment; Combat; Design Analysis

20060050080 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments Russo, Michael; McGhee, James; Friedler, Edna; Thomas, Maria; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 14-1 - 14-15; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Optimal cognition during complex and sustained operations is a critical component for success in current and future military operations. ‘Cognitive Performance, Judgment, and Decision-making’ (CPJD) is a newly organized U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command research program focused on sustaining operational effectiveness of Future Force Warriors by developing paradigms through which militarily-relevant, higher-order cognitive performance, judgment, and decision-making can be assessed and sustained in individuals, small teams, and leaders of network-centric fighting units. CPJD evaluates the impact of stressors intrinsic to military operational environments (e.g., sleep deprivation, workload, fatigue, temperature extremes, altitude, environmental/physiological disruption) on military performance, evaluates noninvasive automated methods for monitoring and predicting cognitive performance, and investigates pharmaceutical strategies (e.g., stimulant countermeasures, hypnotics) to mitigate performance decrements. This manuscript describes the CPJD program, discusses the metrics utilized to relate militarily applied research findings to academic research, and discusses how the simulated combat capabilities of a synthetic battle laboratory may facilitate future cognitive performance research. Author Cognition; Mental Performance; Workloads (Psychophysiology); Military Operations; Medical Science; Automatic Control; System Effectiveness; Sleep Deprivation 266

20060050081 Base Aerea de Albacete, Albacete, Spain Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots Herencia, Julio Antonio Carbayo; deMiguel, Laura Jimenez Prada; Garcia, Ramon Peyro; Rodriguez, Cesar Alonso; Diaz, Carlos Velasco; deBarbara, Alberto Hernandez Abadia; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 20-1 - 20-5; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Back pain is one of the most frequent problems in fighter pilots. A good physical fitness is necessary in order to improve the tolerance to the high-G + environment where fighter pilots are so often involved. Physical training is absolutely essential as a part of the daily activities of these pilots. However this habit is not completely consolidated among the pilot population. Among the many benefits of physical training, the increment in the pain threshold in people practicing regular exercise has been considered by different authors. So we can expect that pilots who practice regular exercise will perceive back pain with a lower intensity. This study has a double aim: a) to assess the prevalence of fighter pilots performing physical training in Albacete A.F.B. b) to assess if physical training has any influence on the intensity of back pain perceived by the pilots Author Physical Exercise; Physical Fitness; Pilots; Back Injuries; Education 20060050082 Army Aeromedical Research Lab., Fort Rucker, AL, USA Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools Russo, Michael; Sing, Helen; Kendall, Athena; Johnson, Dagny; Santiago, Saul; Escolas, Sandra; Holland, Dwight; Thorne, David; Hall, Stanley; Redmond, Daniel; Thomas, Maria; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 27-1 - 27-16; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document INTRODUCTION: Performance data from a visual perception task, complex motor flight task, and psychomotor vigilance task were evaluated in U.S. Air Force Pilots navigating a high-fidelity fixed-wing jet simulator over 26.5 hours of continuous wakefulness. METHODS: Eight military pilots on flight status performed the primary task of flying a simulated 12.5-hour overnight mission in an Air Refueling Part Task Trainer (ARPTT). Response omission to presentation of single- and double-light stimuli displayed in random sequence across the cockpit instrument panel was the metric used to assess Choice Visual PerceptionTask (CVPT) performance. Deviation from an established azimuth heading in the ARPTT during the CVPT was the flight metric used to assess complex motor performance. Speed, lapse, false start, and anticipation were the metrics used to assess Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) performance during crew rest periods. RESULTS: Significant visual perceptual, complex motor, and psychomotor vigilance (speed and lapse) impairments occurred at 19 hours awake in the 8-subject group. CVPT response omissions significantly correlated with ARPTT azimuth deviations at r = 0.97, and with PVT speed at r = -0.92 and lapses at r = 0.90. ARPTT azimuth deviations significantly correlated with PVT speed at r = -0.92 and lapses at r = 0.91. CONCLUSIONS: Acute sleep deprivation degrades visual perceptual, complex motor, and simple motor performance. Complex motor impairments in this task environment strongly correlate with visual perceptual impairments. This research provides support for the use of visual perceptual measures as surrogates of complex motor performance in operational situations where the primary cognitive inputs are through the visual system. This research supports the general notion that assessing visual system processes might be a component of cognitive monitoring systems that could potentially be applied to automated workload reduction systems. Author Visual Perception; Reaction Time; Flight Characteristics; Psychomotor Performance; Flight Crews; Human Performance; Wakefulness; Workloads (Psychophysiology); Alertness 20060050083 Army Natick Soldier Center, Natick, MA, USA The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Integrated Human Centric System Brandler, Philip; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. KN1 - KN-12; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The primary objective of Defense Acquisition in the USA is to acquire quality products that satisfy user needs with measurable improvements to mission capability and operational support, in a timely manner, and at a fair and reasonable price.1 In the interest of achieving this goal, Materiel Developers are directed to apply the principles of Human Systems 267

Integration (HSI) to optimize total system performance (hardware, software and human), operational effectiveness (the overall degree of mission accomplishment of a system), and operational suitability (the degree to which a system can be placed satisfactorily in field use), survivability, safety and affordability.2 In short, Materiel Developers must ensure that systems are built to accommodate the characteristics of the user population that will operate, maintain, and support the system. This is achieved by ensuring the human is fully and continuously considered as part of the total system. Human performance is a key factor in total system performance and enhancements to human performance correlate directly to enhanced total system performance and reduce life cycle costs. The Department of the Army developed and established a program entitled MANPRINT, which stands for Manpower and Personnel Integration, that addressed and implemented the DoD Directive regarding Human Systems Integration.3 In fact, the importance and success achieved by the Army’s early MANPRINT program led the Office of the Secretary of Defense to adopt the concept for the entire Department of Defense.4 The terms Human Systems Integration (HSI) and MANPRINT are synonymous. The difference between them is simply that the term ‘HSI’ is a term used by all the Services, whereas MANPRINT is typically only used by the US Army. MANPRINT is a comprehensive management and technical program designed to improve total system (Soldier and equipment) performance by ensuring that the human is fully and continuously considered as part of the total system in the development and/or acquisition of systems. Similar to HSI, MANPRINT is an umbrella term that refers to seven disciplines that are critical to optimizing the man-machine, total-system approach. They are Manpower, Personnel, Training, Human Factors Engineering, System Safety, Health Hazards, and Soldier Survivability. Derived from text Human Factors Engineering; Support Systems; Systems Engineering; Man Machine Systems; Human Performance; Life Cycle Costs 20060050084 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, San Diego, CA, USA Integration and Application of Human Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: Assessment of Network Centric Warfare Capabilities Quashnock, Dee; Smillie, Robert J.; Kelly, Richard T.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 2-1 - 2-6; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Naval warfare in the 21st century will become increasingly information intensive, requiring warfighters to process and respond to large amounts of data in a reduced time frame. Reliable, network-centric information technology systems are indispensable for ensuring well coordinated command and control (C2) and mission planning and execution. The US Navy s network centric warfare construct, FORCEnet, has underscored the importance of creating network-based information technology systems that can be used easily, efficiently, and effectively. Human Systems Integration (HSI) addresses the relationship between human users and FORCEnet technologies in order to promote effective and efficient mission performance. HSI assesses how human users affect a system and how a system affects the humans who interact with it. Trident Warrior 2004 (TW04) was a fleet experiment, conducted in September 2004, that provided an opportunity to collect performance data in a realistic field setting during simulated combat operations. In TW04, HSI addressed the relationship between human users and FORCEnet technologies in order to promote effective and efficient mission performance. HSI focused on determining the impact of improved user interfaces to FORCEnet systems. Author Information Systems; Systems Integration; Warfare; Combat; Command and Control 20060050085 Research Inst. of Military Medicine, Helsinki, Finland Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation Mantysaari, M.; Kyrolainen, H.; Hamalainen, H.; Karinkanta, J.; Santtila, M.; Koski, H.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 17-1 - 17-4; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Maintaining soldiers physical and mental capacities throughout an operation is essential for the success. Monitoring of these capacities is needed to avoid exhaustion and incapacitation that can compromise the success of the operation. Monitoring of physiological parameters is one way to follow-up the effects of physical and mental loading. The goal of this kind of monitoring should be to enable us to predict the remaining capacity in an individual soldier during the different phases of an operation. In the present study we evaluated the usefulness of heart rate variability (HRV) for monitoring the soldiers 268

physiological status during a 19-day ranger training operation. The electrocardiographic recordings were done by the soldiers themselves each morning immediately after wake-up. The HRV analysis was done after the operation. We did not observe any significant changes in the time and frequency domain parameters during the 19-day training. The quality of the ECG was so poor in about half of the recordings that the HRV analysis was not possible. Our conclusion is that in field conditions HRV analysis is suitable for physiological monitoring only if the data collection is done by professional personnel guaranteeing the quality of the data. Self performed data collection for HRV analysis can give acceptable data in tasks in which the soldier is sitting most of the time. Author Heart Rate; Physiological Effects; Exhaustion; Electrocardiography; Data Acquisition; Physiology 20060050086 Institut de Medicine Aerospatiale Armee, Bretigny sur Orge, France (Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant Combination for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in a Context of Continuous Operations) Beaumont, Maurice; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 30-1 - 30-16; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Introduction. Continuous operations demanding 24-hour round-the-clock capability need a high level of performances overnight and a good quality of sleep during short rest periods before being on duty. Sleep loss impairs cognitive performance and alertness, resulting in an increased risk of accidents and of failure to achieve missions objectives. Rationale. When relieving personnel is impossible, it can be proposed a pharmacological help to promote a sleep of good quality during rest periods between missions and to maintain cognitive performance throughout long and continuous work periods. Methods. This study was designed to assess the interest of 300-mg slow release caffeine (SRC) and 200- mg modafinil administered for enhancing nighttime alertness, given with and without 10-mg zolpidem for inducing prophylactic sleep. 8 healthy male volunteers completed a 42h work/rest schedule including a 6h sleep period (21:00-03:00) followed by a 6h work period (03:00-09:00), a second 6h (prophylactic) sleep period (09:00-15:00), a long (18h) work period (15:00-09:00) and finally a 6h recovery sleep period (09:00-15:00). Subjects performed six conditions: placebo-placebo, zolpidem-placebo, placebomodafinil, zolpidem-modafinil, placebo-SRC and zolpidem-SRC. Zolpidem and placebo were administered at the beginning of the prophylactic sleep period, and modafinil, SRC and placebo at midnight, midway through the 18h work period. Sleep was analyzed from continuous polysomnographic recordings. Performance level was assessed with a reaction time test, a memory search test, a dual task, an attention test and a computerized Stroop test. Central fatigue was evaluated by the Critical Flicker Frequency test. Wakefulness level was evaluated subjectively using analogical visual scale and questionnaires. Ten measures were performed during each work period. Results. Regarding performance and alertness, slow release caffeine and modafinil maintained performance and wakefulness throughout the 18-hour period of work. Zolpidem-induced sleep did not improve later performance more than natural sleep, but no impairment in performance was observed immediately after awakening. In any combination, zolpidem slightly enhanced the efficiency of each psychostimulant on performance. Regarding sleep quality, zolpidem improved prophylactic sleep quality and as a result, a less amount of deep sleep was needed during the recovery period following the long 18h) work period compared with the placebo condition. In addition, subjects under zolpidem had no difficulty in awakening. Despite some alerting effects of psychostimulants on recovery sleep (less amount of deep sleep under modafinil and SRC, less efficiency of sleep in modafinil condition only) even enhanced by zolpidem (due to a less need of recovery sleep), no subject reported decrements in efficiency, mood and health after the study. Conclusion. Modafinil and slow-release caffeine may be of value in maintaining performance and wakefulness during a long period of work scheduled in shiftwork or military settings. Zolpidem also may be useful for promoting a quasi physiological prophylactic sleep, particularly in the field where environmental conditions often are unfavorable for sleep. Therefore, a zolpidem / slow-release caffeine or modafinil combination appears to be useful in a context of long work schedule in case of increase in workload especially in field conditions. Author Mental Performance; Workloads (Psychophysiology); Wakefulness; Physiology; Health; Alertness 20060050087 Bundeswehr Institute of Medical Occupational and Environmental Safety, Berlin, Germany Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply with Special Provision for Experiences in ISAF 2003 Zimmer, Jeannot; Zijp, Jaap; Winter, M.; Franke, E.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 36-1 - 36-5; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document 269

In a multinational environment in NATO-missions it is necessary to create an interdisciplinary approach for a management on the emergency treatment in theatre. Especially for the triage management not only the practical work on patients has to be coordinated but as well the support for these treatments. One of the issues in the second line is the provision of blood products. As a matter of fact the right product has to be made available at right place and time. To fulfill this demand the tight cooperation between theatre hospitals including their blood banks is absolutely necessary. In disaster scenarios the combination of blood products like normal red packed cells, deep frozen red cells and fresh produced whole blood donations is essential to back up the treatment of severely injured soldiers. Necessities to achieve this objective is the multinational work at field hospitals with an active blood bank management. With that cooperation it is possible to handle attacks like the one on German soldiers at the bus bombing in July 2003 and to support successfully lifesaving treatments. Through optimization of limited resources even soldiers with rare blood group typings will get a chance to survive. Author Blood; Blood Groups; Blood Volume; Emergencies; Erythrocytes; Disasters 20060050088 Finnish Defence Forces, Finland A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter Peitso, Ari; Rintamaeki, Hannu; Anttonen, Hannu; Latvala, Jari; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 22-1 - 22-4; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The information of the effects of cold environment on health and performance of soldiers comes mainly from short-term measurements, which have lasted only for a few hours or maximally a few days. However, it could be expected, that during long-term strenuous combat exercise in winter conditions several factors e.g., physical and mental fatigue, decrease of thermal insulation of clothing due to moisture and dirt, and dehydration may decrease performance. The aim of this research program is to improve military performance in extended military operations in cold conditions. The research is performed in co-operation with Finnish Defence Forces and the Oulu Regional Institute of Occupational Health during years 2003 2007 in Northern Finland. The measurements are carried out in ca. two weeks winter combat exercise and in additional laboratory and field measurements. In a two weeks winter maneuver in December 2004 the study was carried out in four levels: 1) Soldiers from two companies (n = 319) answered to detailed questionnaires before the exercise, in the middle of the exercise before starting the shooting training, and at the end of the entire exercise. In the first questionnaire the background and expectations were asked. In the later questionnaires the experiences were recorded by the same structure as in the first questionnaire. 2) One platoon (28 subjects) from these companies was selected for detailed physical and health examinations, which were carried out before, in the middle and after training. Moreover, their experiences, physical and mental strain, nutrition and evaluations of clothing were recorded every day by several questionnaires. 3) The thermal balance of 10 subjects was measured continuously during the exercise by recording skin and clothing temperatures, heat flow from the skin and moisture inside the clothing. Also heart rate was measured and the movements of four subjects were recorded by satellite navigation system (GPS). 4) The activities of the studied groups were recorded by military personnel, and they also evaluated the military performance of the companies. The data was recorded successfully and in spite of many studied parameters, the collaboration between researchers, military personnel, and studied units and individuals worked well. Before starting the study, only a few subjects refused to participate in the measurements, which were based on voluntary participation. The troops and individuals were usually able to perform their tasks. Preliminary results suggest e.g., that there was no marked decrease in physical performance during the field exercise and the expectations and experiences were strongly associated with each other. Author Combat; Winter; Thermal Insulation; Stress (Psychology); Military Personnel; Environmental Tests; Dehydration; Heart Rate; Temperature Measurement 20060050089 Centro de Instruccion de Medicina Aeroespatial, Madrid, Spain Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments Puente-Espada, B.; Lopez-Lopez, J.; Esteban-Benavides, B.; Vallejo-Desviat, P.; Azofra-Garcia, J.; Velasco-Diaz, C.; DelValle-Garrido, J.; Rios-Tejada, F.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 23-1 - 23-10; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Cold stress can overwhelm physiological response to very cold exposures. Temperature is regulated by changes in cutaneous vascular network. Other factors to be considered are: shivering thermogenesis, carbohydrate oxidation, body composition, age, gender, exercise, endurance and tolerance. Aircrew can be exposed to such environment in various critique periods, mostly during the ground preflight operations. While the cockpit is protected from wind and not as cold as the outside, 270

pilots engage in very limited physical activity and cannot wear high-bulk clothing. Time is critical until engine start is performed. The problem is not only to prevent frostbite or hypothermia, but also to ensure optimal handling of the aircraft and adequate capacity to cope with emergencies. The Eurofighter Instrumented Production Aircraft (IPA) 4, operated by EADS CASA at Getafe near Madrid, was deployed to Vidsel in the very north of Sweden, near the Arctic Polar Circle, to start with the implementation of special ‘Extreme Cold Weather Trials’. There, the aircraft and the test team faced temperatures between -25 and -31 Celsius in that time of the season. The deployment that tested the aircraft, its systems and performance in such environment, consisted of more than 60 people, including pilots, mechanics, technicians, engineers, doctors and other supporting personnel. All staff members participating in this exercise received a specific arctic training and were provided with special protective garment. The test team came from EADS Military Aircraft Spain or the Eurofighter Consortium (EADS CASA, EADS Germany, BAEs Systems and Alenia), from the Spanish engine manufacturer ITP, partner of the Eurojet consortium, from INTA, the Institute for Aeronautical Research, from CIMA the Aeromedical Center in Madrid and from the Spanish Air Force, everything ran under the supervision of the Defence Ministry in Madrid. To monitor and store the test data acquired, among other equipment a mobile MIDS (Multifunction Information Distribution System) station was deployed to Vidsel. Derived from text Aerospace Medicine; Hypothermia; Frostbite; Flight Crews; Ground Operational Support System; Deployment; Cold Weather; Exposure; Physiological Responses 20060050090 Defence University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Status Markers after their Homecoming Chaloupka, Jiri; Pavel, Josef; Naplava, Pavel; Bednarcik, Peter; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 37-1 - 37-9; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document In the frame of ISAF operation, the Field Hospitals of the Czech Armed Forces were deployed in Afghanistan near Kabul. Their operation period was since May 2002 till February 2003. Physically and psychically demanding work in adverse and variable climatic conditions and bacteriologically contaminated dusty environment required enhanced medical surveillance to maintain soldiers good health status during their activities. 1448 samples of clinical material, food products, water and environmental materials were examined in a mobile laboratory. The highest morbidity ratio was observed in guard duty members, it was three-times higher than morbidity of other soldiers. 262 staff members of the Field Hospitals were medically examined after their homecoming. Physical examinations were in physiological range almost in all soldiers. Less significant signs of leukocytosis, the slight increase of liver transaminases, and the moderate increase of erythrocyte sedimentation, moderate haematuria and proteinuria were most common laboratory disturbances. In some soldiers, increased levels of antibodies against Rickettsias, M. Dengue and Chlamydias were detected. Parasitological findings in faeces were inconsiderable. Still after quarantine period no signs of serious disease were observed and most of labor findings were normalized. Author Antibodies; Deployment; Contamination; Infectious Diseases; Hazards; Physiology; Erythrocytes 20060050091 National Defence Headquarters, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness Jaenen, Suzanne; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. R1-1 - R1-30; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document With the conclusion of the RSGs 4, 8, and 17, as well as the Workshop on Optimizing the Performance of Women in the Armed Forces of NATO, there remained open questions concerning mission-related testing and training. The Research and Technical Organization (RTO) recognizes the need to address these issues in light of the wide range of missions (coordinating humanitarian relief, coordinating emergency and relief operations in the event of a disaster, both nature and man-made, civil emergency measures, addressing instability caused by regional and ethnic conflicts, defence again terrorism and countering other threats to modern society) and increased deployment of NATO personnel on operations since 1997 (NATO in the 21st Century \@ http:www.nato.int/docu/21-cent/html). The revised spectrum of NATO missions requires a new approach to operational physical fitness. Specifically, a new necessity to define, assess, evaluate and optimize physical capability by setting appropriate criteria and methodology was identified by an exploratory team that met in Spain in 2002. As a result of the 271

exploratory meeting, Task Group 019 on Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness was established to determine the requirement for physical fitness for military personnel in order to prepare military personnel for physical task requirements, to prevent physical overburdening, and to reduce injuries. The efforts of RTG-019 Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness will represent the international agreement for evidence based findings which may provide the basis for policy decision. The efforts of RTG-019 continue, and as such, the information contained in this report represents the efforts of the group to date. Author Physical Fitness; Optimization; Deployment; Military Personnel; Injuries; Education 20060050092 Walter Reed Army Inst. of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment Balkin, Thomas J.; McBride, Sharon; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 29-1 - 29-10; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Among the challenges inherent in integrating the human into a system of systems is the fact that human capabilities and performance vary across time. In continuous operations, this variance is to a large extent a function of sleep loss and circadian desynchrony. To minimize the risks associated with sleep loss and to optimize performance during continuous operations, we are developing a comprehensive system to manage operator sleep and alertness. This system will support human performance by facilitating informed decisions regarding the administration of pharmacological fatigue countermeasures (choice of drug, timing, and dose), the scheduling of recovery sleep opportunities (e.g., duration and timing), and other behavioral countermeasures (e.g., application of environmental stimuli such as light) in the operational environment. The main components of this system include (a) wrist actigraphy for objective determination of the operators recent sleep/wake history; (b) fatigue countermeasures; and most importantly (c) a mathematical model in which the relationship between sleep, the circadian rhythm of alertness, and various aspects of performance have been quantified. The latter serves as the lynchpin of the sleep management system, and is a necessary component of strategies to achieve human system integration during continuous operations. This model provides the performance capability predictions necessary for making appropriate demands upon personnel resources over time. Of the three main components of the sleep and alertness management system, wrist actigraphy is the most advanced, having been shown in several previous studies to be a valid and reliable means of distinguishing sleep from wakefulness. Next in terms of maturity is the effort to evaluate the efficacy of different fatigue countermeasures. However, our recent studies [in which the effects and efficacy of modafinil, damphetamine, and caffeine were compared in a head-to-head manner] show that each restores a unique subset of cognitive abilities, and none restores all of those aspects of cognitive performance that are decremented by sleep loss. This suggests the need for further research on the use of alternative and/or supplemental agents during continuous operations (e.g., new stimulants and/or cognitive enhancers). The least developed component, and the primary focus of our current research program, is the sleep performance/prediction model. The current version of this model predicts average performance on a psychomotor vigilance task during total sleep loss. However, its utility in the operational environment will ultimately depend on its ability to predict (a) the effects of sleep loss on individuals; (b) the effects of fatigue countermeasures; (c) the effects of sleep restriction versus total sleep deprivation; and (d) the amount of sleep needed to recover from a period of sleep loss (i.e., to specify optimal recycle rates). Author Alertness; Human Performance; Mental Performance; Psychomotor Performance; Sleep Deprivation; Stimulants; Circadian Rhythms; Management Systems; Wakefulness 20060050093 Ministry of Defence, The Hague, Netherlands The Risk Assessment of Occupational and Environmental Hazards IJzerman, C.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 34-1 - 34-4; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document In this presentation the importance of risk assessment of occupational and environmental health hazards is illustrated by the results of a Dutch study on the health effects of a deployment in Bosnia-Herzegovina. In 1996 a group of military personnel that had been deployed on a compound near Lucavac reported health problems which they related to their deployment more than a year earlier. Their compound had been located on a former cokes factory and people thought their complaints were related to chemicals that had been present in the environment. A study was ordered and the people that had been in Lucavac, together with a control group that had been deployed elsewhere in Bosnia were given questionnaires. The available data on the occupational and environmental situation of the compound were extensively reviewed for the possibility of health risks 272

from chemical or other origin. In the Lucavac group substantially more health problems were found than in the control group. The overall conclusion of the study was that there had been no substantial exposure to toxic factors that could account for the differences between the two groups. Perceived health threats that had not been addressed adequately in an early stage, may have been an important causal factor. Since then much attention is paid to a thorough investigation of the areas before and during deployments. Three examples are given on different situations in which it has been important to assess possible hazards and to advise and communicate about them. It is important to conduct a thorough assessment of environmental and occupational hazards before and during deployment, not only for the possible direct effects on health during the mission, but especially for the effects of the perceived health threats afterwards. Perceived health threats during a mission can play an important role in the development of complaints after deployment and it is of the utmost importance to have a clear view on the reality of the risks and the communication about them to the personnel. Author Hazards; Deployment; Exposure; Military Personnel; Risk; Toxicity 20060050094 Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness Romano, James A., Jr.; Lukey, Brian J.; Stetz, Melba C.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 9-1 - 9-8; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Today s warfighter like all his predecessors is exposed to an inordinate amount of stressors on the battlefield. A few examples include, sleep deprivation because of the high operational tempo, information overload due to the complex network-centric environment of modern warfare, emotional strain brought about by surrounding violent acts, and anxiety for the welfare of their family members left behind. The Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP), nested in the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, is a multi-laboratory program that studies the warfighter as a biomedical system in an effort to maintain his/her health and combat readiness. This paper presents MOMRP s research efforts that focus upon a few of the tools developed to assess mental health and cognitive functioning and the employment of those tools to evaluate our troops. One of the tools is the ‘Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics’ which consists of a library of computerized tests to measure cognitive processing efficiency to include attention, memory, problem solving, process efficiency, and performance consistency. Several research groups have successfully employed this tool in a variety of studies to include the effects of concussion from sport injuries and military operations. The tool is being validated and developed for commercial production. The ‘Actigraph’ is a wristwatch-like device that measures movement which enables determination of an individual s sleep/wake cycle, and consequently can estimate mental fatigue resulting from sleep loss. Sleep is being recognized as a commodity requiring replenishment for proper mental function and the actigraph can serve as a meter of sleep deprivation. The flight simulator at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory has been used to study the effects of sleep loss. Using the simulator, the investigators found that pilots flying over-night missions had significant visual perceptual impairment and complex motor performance impairment, beginning 19 hours after continuous wakefulness. Author Aerospace Medicine; Mental Health; Combat; Warfare; Wakefulness; Psychology; Mental Performance; Medical Science 20060050095 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Soesterberg, Netherlands Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness during Sustained Operations Kloepping, W.; Jonkman, A.; Valk, P.; Simons, M.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 32-1 - 32-6; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Introduction: During sustained operations, a combined use of a hypnotic to induce sleep under difficult circumstances and a psycho-stimulant to improve performance and alertness during night-shift work or after sleep deprivation may be necessary. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of modafinil and caffeine as countermeasures to hypnotic induced sleepiness. Methods: 18 healthy subjects (moderate coffee consumers) participated in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study. Sleepiness was induced by limited sleep deprivation combined with the administration of 20 mg temazepam (rapidly absorbed formulation). 200 mg modafinil or 400 mg caffeine or placebo were administrated in a cross-over design, one hour after administration of temazepam. Subjects completed performance and alertness tests before administration of temazepam (baseline), once after administration of temazepam and at regular intervals during the night until eight hours after administration of modafinil, caffeine or placebo. Vigilance, alertness, complex information processing and subjective 273

sleepiness were assessed. Results: After temazepam intake, performance and alertness were significantly impaired. Compared with placebo, both caffeine and modafinil significantly counteracted the performance and alertness impairment caused by temazepam. The greatest impact of the psycho-stimulants was seen in performance on the vigilance task. The onset of beneficial action was shortest with caffeine (1 hr), modafinil showed a significant counteraction to temazepam starting 4 hours after administration. Both stimulants showed a beneficial effect in the vigilance task as long as eight hours after administration. No significant adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: Both caffeine and modafinil are useful to counteract the sedative effects of temazepam. The onset of caffeine is earlier than the onset of modafinil. Therefore, in this study the mean performance enhancing effects of 400 mg caffeine were better in counteracting the hypnotic induced sleepiness of temazepam than the effects of 200 mg modafinil. Author Sleep Deprivation; Human Performance; Alertness; Countermeasures; Stimulants; Caffeine 20060050096 Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations McLellan, Tom M.; Kamimori, Gary H.; Bell, Doug G.; Voss, David M; Cole, Karl G.; Johnson, Dagny E.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 33-1 - 33-16; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Background. If operational requirements prevent or restrict sleep then other intervention strategies may be necessary to prolong the period before cognitive and physical impairments affect the success of the mission. The focus of this research was to examine the effects of caffeine on vigilance, marksmanship and physical performance during field trials with conventional and Special Forces personnel. Study 1 Methods. Thirty soldiers (23.6 +/- 4.5 y, 81.8 +/- 10.3 kg) were divided into a placebo (PLAC) and CAF group. After a period of restricted sleep of 3 hours during the first night, a period of sustained wakefulness began that ended at 1100 hours of the third day. PLAC or CAF doses of 100 mg, 200 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg were administered at 2145, 2345, 0145, and 0345 hours, respectively. At 2200 hours of day 2, subjects began 2 cycles of marksmanship, urban operations vigilance and psychomotor vigilance (PVT) testing which ended at 0600 hours of day 3. Results. CAF maintained marksmanship vigilance at 85% throughout the second night as compared to PLAC who significantly declined to 61.4 +/- 28.2% overnight. Marksmanship accuracy also decreased significantly in PLAC from 95.1 +/- 8.3% to 83.3 +/- 19.2% but no change was observed in CAF. Urban operations vigilance decreased for both groups over the night but the decrease was less for CAF (81.2 +/- 14.4% to 63.4 +/- 24.1%) compared with PLAC (77.6 +/- 19.2% to 44.0 +/- 30.2%). Reaction time and the number of major and minor lapses with the PVT significantly increased in PLAC but were unaffected in CAF. Study 2 Methods. Thirty-one Special Forces soldiers (29.8 +/- 5.4y, 86.4 +/- 8.6 kg) were divided into a placebo (PLAC, n = 15) and CAF (n = 16) group. A 6.3 km control run was completed on the morning of Day 1. In the evening of Day 2, soldiers performed a control observation and reconnaissance vigilance task (ORVT) in the field. This 90-min task was repeated twice more between 02:00 and 06:00 on Day 3 during an overnight period of sleep deprivation. Marksmanship was assessed before and after the ORVT. PLAC or 200 mg of CAF gum was administered at 02:00, 04:00, and 06:00 h on Day 3. A final 6.3 km run commenced within 30 minutes of receiving the final dose. Results. ORVT was maintained in CAF at control levels of 77 13% during the overnight testing. However, values decreased significantly for PLAC from 77 +/- 15% to 54 29% and 51 31% during the first and second overnight testing periods, respectively. CAF had no effect on marksmanship but improved 6.3 km run times by 1.2 +/- 1.8 min. Run times slowed for PLAC by 0.9 +/- 0.8 min from approximately 35 min during the control run; the changes in performance were significant between groups. Conclusion. It was concluded that CAF was an effective strategy to maintain vigilance, marksmanship and physical performance during military operations involving sleep deprivation. Author Caffeine; Human Performance; Military Operations; Psychomotor Performance; Sleep Deprivation; Wakefulness; Alertness 20060050097 Hospital Central de la Defensa, Madrid, Spain Medical Personnel Motivation in One International Mission AbadiadeBarbara, Hernandez; MaimirJane, F.; RoblesSanchez, J.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 15-1 - 15-9; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Introduction: The aim of this study was to check the different status that the military medical personnel had to deal with along the ISAF mission, from the beginning until six month later. This people spent at zone periods from sixty to one hundred and eighty days. The collaboration among different nationalities involved in the same mission and into the same medical 274

treatment facility also, is a situation that has to be considered because is going to be very usual, and the analysis of this one must be useful to improve the operational capability between Medical Personnel of different countries (NATO or PfP). Methods: We controlled different factors related to these people inside the mission. Some of these factors were: Age, number of international missions, season, familiar factors, living conditions, hobbies, workload, languages, physical status, area of deployment communications and tasks. All the people included in the study filled voluntary one specific questionnaire with the items. Objectives: To know which conditions and factors related to the military medical personnel assigned to International Military NATO Missions can be better focused to improve the operational capabilities. Results: We got the data from the statistical analysis after all the test have been checked. In our statistical study we worked with the descriptive parameters and also with the correlations among the different variables applying the Pearson Correlation Test. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test for studying the comparisons by Functions, Ranks and Nations. Conclusions: The main conclusion of this study could be that the Medical Personnel from different nations who is going to be enrolled in one Multinational Medical Treatment Facility should receive (all together) one brief training period before arriving to the Area Of Responsibility. Author Medical Personnel; Motivation; Deployment; Military Operations; Statistical Analysis; Workloads (Psychophysiology) 20060050098 QinetiQ Ltd., Farnborough, UK Exercise Following Simulated Parachuting from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Reduced and is the Probability of Post Descent Decompression Sickness Increased? Lupa, Henry; DOyly, Tim; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 16-1 - 16-6; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Developments in parachutes and life support systems now allow the insertion of military parachutists from very high altitudes. This study was designed to examine, and to attempt to quantify, the effect of High Altitude High Opening (HAHO) parachute deployment on the risk of DCS and exercise tolerance both during and after descent, in the most realistic manner. Ten experienced military parachutist subjects were exposed to two altitude chamber profiles in balanced order in a hypobaric chamber on separate occasions: a control exposure to 17,500ft and a test exposure to 35,000ft followed by a slow descent to ground level. This was followed immediately by 45 minutes of strenuous exercise with subjects carrying a heavy Bergen. The parachutists were monitored throughout for venous gas emboli (VGE), symptoms of decompression sickness (DCS) and subjective and objective measures of exercise performance. No VGE or symptoms of DCS were observed in any subject at any stage of either exposure. Subjective and objective measures of exercise performance remained unchanged after exposure to 35,000ft when compared to 17,500ft. Author Parachute Descent; Physical Exercise; Decompression Sickness; Exposure; Life Support Systems; Risk 20060050099 Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Wearing New Biological and Chemical Protective Combat Uniforms in MOPP 1 McLellan, Tom M.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 21-1 - 21-11; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Background The core temperature of the soldier in a MOPP 1 configuration has a substantial impact on how long they can continue to work once they transition to MOPP 4. The higher their temperature at the start of this transition the shorter will be their work time in MOPP 4. New hot weather biological and chemical (BC) protective ensembles have been designed as stand-alone combat uniforms that are intended to replace the concept of an overgarment that is donned only as the threat level increases above MOPP 1. Given that soldiers are also expected to wear fragmentation and assault vests, the heat strain in MOPP 1 can be considerable during work in hot environments. The present study has examined whether vents in the leg and the arm of the BC uniform assist in reducing the heat strain of the soldier under varied wind conditions. Methods Eight males (33.6 +/- 7.7 y, 86.8 +/- 10.8 kg, 48.9 +/- 5.3 ml/kg/min VO2max) completed up to 3 hours of treadmill walking at 4 km/h in 40 C and 30% RH conditions while wearing a new hot weather BC stand-alone uniform, fragmentation and assault vests, and helmet, and carrying an artificial C7 rifle. The total additional weight of the clothing and equipment was 20 kg. Zippered vents on the lateral aspect of the upper and lower leg and the medial aspect of the upper arm were either opened or closed in low (1 m/s) or high (3.5 m/s) wind conditions. Rectal and skin temperatures, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion and thermal comfort, metabolic rate, and vapour pressures measured at the skin surface and in the clothing layers were determined throughout the heat stress exposures. Results All subjects completed the 3 hours of exercise when the vents were 275

opened regardless of the wind condition. However, when the vents were closed 3 of the subjects were unable to complete the exercise challenge in low wind and 1 in the high wind condition. The change in delta rectal temperature was elevated when the vents were closed (1.8 +/- 0.6 C) compared with open (1.5 +/- 0.5 C) and was lower in high (1.2 +/- 0.3 C) compared with low (2.0 +/- 0.5 C) wind. The vapour pressure within the clothing was significantly reduced when the vents were opened (4.7 +/- 0.7 kPa) compared with closed (5.0 +/- 0.7 kPa) with the greatest contributor to these differences being found on the leg (4.0 +/- 0.6 and 4.3 +/- 0.6 kPa for the open and closed condition, respectively) rather than on the torso which was covered by the fragmentation and tactical assault vests (5.6 +/- 0.9 and 5.7 +/- 0.9 kPa for the open and closed condition, respectively). Conclusion It was concluded that zippered vents on the leg and arm of the CB uniform could significantly reduce the heat strain of the soldier in MOPP 1 while working in hot environments. Author Body Temperature; Protective Clothing; Thermal Comfort; Physical Exercise; Heart Rate; Heat Tolerance; Metabolism; Physical Work 20060050100 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Cologne, Germany Support of Mission and Work Scheduling by a Biomedical Fatigue Model Gundel, Alexander; Marsalek, Karel; ten Thoren, Corinna; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 28-1 - 28-11; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Introduction: It is a strategic advantage to be able to maintain high alertness and performance of soldiers during a mission. Factors that impair alertness and lead to fatigue are typically psychically and physically stressing, or monotonous and boring tasks. Rest periods are often too short and soldiers have to cope with sleep deprivation, short rest cycles and insufficient breaks. In worldwide missions jetlag may impair performance additionally. Rationale: In the armed forces, a wide variety of different work schedules are used which are more often historically founded than based on knowledge about biological rhythms. Biomedical models that predict periods of impaired performance may provide decision aids, and they are one of the best available solutions to help soldiers to perform more effectively and with increased safety. Methods: The German Aerospace Center DLR has developed a computer tool for the prediction of fatigue that is based on a biomedical model of fatigue combining four components. The circadian component describes the course of fatigue during the day with the maximum of alertness during the day and high fatigue during the night. The sleep-related component describes the effect of sleep timing, duration and quality. In general, fatigue increases with the time awake. The third component, sleep inertia, describes fatigue occurring after awakening even from a good sleep. These three components are task invariant. The fourth component, the time-on-task component, describes the fatiguing effect of a specific task. Breaks during a task or the change to a different task reduce the time-on-task effect. Results from the fatigue management tool about the analysis of schedules and soldier alertness are shown for the application areas navy, army or air force. Conclusion: The computer program for the prediction of fatigue is a valuable tool for assessment and prediction of fatigue in crews as well as for comparison and optimization of different work schedules. Author Sleep Deprivation; Scheduling; Rhythm (Biology); Circadian Rhythms; Alertness; Performance Prediction; Decision Support Systems 20060050101 Institut de Medecine Aerospatiale du Service, Armees, France Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man Coste, Olivier; Beaumont, Maurice; Batejat, Denise; Van Beers, Pascal; Touitou, Yvan; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 25-1 - 25-14; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document French Air Force is concerned by the frequent fatigue complaint reported after long duration flights in pressurized aircrafts. It may be partly explained by the hypoxic exposure resulting of the characteristics of the pressurization, through potential effects on circadian time structure even when no time zones are crossed. Indeed, cabin altitudes can reach 8000 ft (approx.2400 m) in civil aviation and 12,000 ft (approx.3600 m) in military Air carrying. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a diurnal exposure (08:00-16:30 h) to prolonged mild hypobaric hypoxia on the human circadian time structure and on the recovery sleep, at 8000 and 12,000-ft altitudes simulated in a hypobaric chamber. This controlled cross-over study, performed in 20 male young healthy volunteers (20-40 yr) showed significant alterations in the expression of the circadian markers (core body temperature, plasma melatonin and cortisol) in response to hypoxia. These circadian alterations were more 276

important at 12,000 ft in association with an absence of sleep rebound after a significant physiologically penalizing proof. Part of these circadian alterations depended on the variations of the central autonomic balance in response to hypoxic exposure. The effects of mild hypoxia on circadian time structure may explain at least in part the fatigue complaint after a long duration flight, even when no time zones are crossed. Author Hypoxia; Hypobaric Atmospheres; Physiological Responses; Diurnal Variations; Circadian Rhythms; Body Temperature; Autonomic Nervous System 20060050102 Ministry of Defence, The Hague, Netherlands Prevention of Low Back Complaints Ros, H. P.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 7-1 - 7-4; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The MERGO project (Man and ERGOnomics) is part of the Physical Load Covenant and is aimed at giving ergonomics a more prominent place in the Royal Netherlands Army (RNLA) operating processes. The physical load of military personnel in general may be reduced by taking into account ergonomic aspects in the materiel selection process. The provision of information is also an essential instrument in drawing more attention to the prevention of back complaints. The nature of the message is that pre-employment medical assessments are not valid in this respect. Also, training of the back muscles is not the manner to prevent low back injuries. It is important to give this message to doctors, physical therapists and commanders. The mindset has to be changed. Long and extended operations are only possible if the physical strain is reduced. Three examples are given of specific projects that could reduce the physical exertion and change the rules and mindset of military medical personnel and commanders. Derived from text Human Factors Engineering; Back Injuries; Military Personnel; Loads (Forces); Prevention; Muscles 20060050103 Kwartier Koningin Astrid, Belgium Stress and Psychological Support Cuvelier, Yves; vandenBerg, Coen; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 8-1 - 8-8; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document NATO HFM-081/RTG-020 studies Stress and Psychological Support in Modern Military Operations. Stress management and psychological support of military units and personnel are recognized as important tools for unit effectiveness and sustainability. Even support of military personnel after deployments has been recognized to have an effect on combat readiness since participation of military personnel in operational deployments is a common and recurrent practice. Furthermore, the Armed Forces recognize the need for good employership for their personnel. In HFM-081 the state-of-the-art within NATO and PfP members on this topic has been collected and both ‘best practices’ as well as directions for future developments are pointed out. This study contains therefore the results of collecting methods and evaluations on stress and psychological support within the participating member states. The main topics that were covered are assessment of risks for psychological stress, psychological preparation of military personnel, readiness assessment of personnel before deployment, psychological support of military personnel during and after deployment, psychological support of families before, during and after deployment, organization of psychological support in terms of structures, and finally, procedures and the role of professionals.Intense discussions and comparison of various approaches have led to an intermediate report which will lay the ground for a NATO report on stress and psychological support. The contents of this intermediate report will be presented. At this moment HFM-081 is preparing a study among military commanders in order to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of new approaches. Author Stress (Psychology); Military Operations; Military Personnel; Deployment; Combat 20060050104 Walter Reed Army Inst. of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Land Combat Study Hoge, Charles W.; Castro, Carl A.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 11-1 - 11-5; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document 277

Background. A recent study has shown that over 12% of U.S. Soldiers and Marines who returned from combat duty in Iraq met criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, a rate significantly higher than before deployment, and that Soldiers reported significant stigma and barriers to receiving needed mental health care (Hoge, Castro, et. al. N Engl J Med 2004). The study has continued to examine the effects of combat duty on U.S. Soldiers in near real time as the war has progressed, and this paper will present the latest findings from this landmark study. Methods. Over 25,000 surveys have been obtained from U.S. Soldiers and Marines before deployment, during deployment, and up to one year post-deployment. Outcomes include major depression, generalized anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol misuse, health risk behaviors, and family functioning. Results. Soldiers deployed to Iraq have experienced sustained high levels of combat exposure. The rate of screening positive for a mental disorder at 3 months post-deployment was significantly higher after duty in Iraq (15-17%) compared with Afghanistan (11%) or before deployment (9%), with the largest difference due to PTSD. Less than 40% of screen positives sought mental health care, and there was a high rate of concern about stigma / other barriers to care. Conclusions. Combat duty in Iraq is associated with a significant risk of mental health problems and there is an important unmet need for mental health services and barriers to care. New data will be presented on the prevalence rates and risk factors for mental health problems up to one-year post-deployment. Author Mental Health; Warfare; Combat; Risk; Exposure; Deployment 20060050105 Walter Reed Army Inst. of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA Building Psychological Resiliency and Mitigating the Risks of Combat and Deployment Stressors Faced by Soldiers Castro, Carl Andrew; Hoge, Charles W.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 13-1 - 13-6; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Combat is arguably the most mentally, physically and emotionally demanding enterprise that a Soldier engages in. Combat is sudden, intense, and life-threatening. A Soldier in combat encounters numerous traumatic events to include, among others, killing an enemy combatant, knowing someone seriously injured or killed or handling or uncovering human remains. All of these events can have deleterious effects on the mental health and emotional well-being of the Soldier. Yet, there are things that Soldiers, leaders and the Army can do to mediate or attenuate the impact that the stressors of combat and deployment produce. In this presentation we will provide an overview of our three intervention strategies involving (1) the development and testing of the Psychological Readiness in a Deployed Environment (PRIDE) training modules that provides both information about how combat impacts on the mental health of the Soldier and the specific behaviors that Soldiers and leaders can engage in to mitigate the stressors of combat and deployment, (2) the development and validation of the Unit Needs Assessment, created to determine trends in the mental health and well-being of Soldiers to guide the delivery of mental health care support to meet the unique needs of the unit, and (3) the improvement and validation of the psychological screening instrument to identify Soldiers experiencing psychological distress as early as possible and to ensure they receive the help they need. We believe that this multi-level strategy will maximize Soldier resiliency and mitigate the risks of stressors faced by Soldiers during combat. Author Mental Health; Risk; Deployment; Combat; Encounters 20060050106 Performance Enhancements Research Div. (311th), Brooks AFB, TX, USA The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned Tvaryanas, Anthony P.; Thompson, William T.; Constable, Stefan H.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 5-1 - 5-24; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Background: This study was a 10-year cross sectional analysis of human factors in U.S. military UAV mishaps. Methods: Class A-C UAV mishap reports were reviewed and human factors coded using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). HFACS codes were linked to human systems integration (HSI) domains. Binary logistic regression was used to create models predicting operator error. Results: 133/221 (60.2%) UAV mishaps involved human factors. Predictors of operator error were technological environment and cognitive factors in the Air Force (P \h 0.010), organizational process, psycho-behavioral factors, and crew resource management in the Army (P \h 0.001), and organizational process, inadequate supervision, planned inappropriate operations, physical and technological environments, and cognitive and psycho-behavioral factors in the Navy (P \h 0.025). The frequency of specific types of unsafe acts differed between the services with skill-based 278

errors more common in the Air Force (P = 0.001) and violations in the Army (P = 0.016). HSI failures associated with operator error involved the human factors (functional and cognitive interfaces) and personnel domains in the Air Force (P \h 0.001), the human factors (cooperational, cognitive, and physical interfaces) and training domains in the Army (P \h 0.001), and the human factors (environmental, cooperational, organizational, and cognitive interfaces) and training domains in the Navy (P \h 0.001). Conclusion: Recurring latent failures at the organizational, supervisory, and preconditions levels contributed to more than half of UAV mishaps. The patterns of latent failures and unsafe acts differed between the services. HSI issues pertaining to the human factors domain were common to all services. Author Human Factors Engineering; Personnel Management; Resources Management; Systems Integration; Physical Factors; Classifications; Frequencies; Pilotless Aircraft 20060050107 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Sizing Harrison, Catherine; Robinette, Kathleen; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 6-1 - 6-16; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The present research sought to apply underlying principles that determine helmet fit to develop a scientific design method for determining the minimum number of helmet sizes to accommodate the full anthropometric variability of the population. The method was tested on a prototype helmet concept using a stratified sample of males and females drawn to represent the Joint Strike Fighter population. Asian- and African-American subjects were specifically included in order to examine the effects of racial anthropometric variability on fit. While the range of accommodation for the initial design was broad, it encompassed only a portion of subjects who fell within the 99% probability ellipse for the target population, while accommodating a broad range of subjects falling outside the 99% probability ellipse, best meeting the fitting needs of a very small subset of the population. Applying a fit mapping method determined that two helmet two sizes, sized and shaped differently than those initially proposed and with a modified fitting concept, would accommodate 99% of both males and females. The fit mapping process also provided specific, quantified feedback to the designers on size and shape modifications needed to make the helmet to provide better fit for the full range of the population. Determining the parameters that link anthropometric principles to fit of a specific piece of equipment permit design modifications to equipment to be made early in the design process using only a single size prototype, resulting in fewer sizes while ensuring accommodation of the desired population. Author Fitting; Helmets; Probability Theory; Variability; Anthropometry; Feedback 20060050109 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Using Videos Derived from Simulations to Support the Analysis of Spatial Awareness in Synthetic Vision Displays Boton, Matthew L.; Bass, Ellen J.; Comstock, James R., Jr.; [2006]; 6 pp.; In English; 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 8-11 Oct. 2006, Taipei, Taiwan, Province of China; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): UVA-03-01; WBS 759-07-18; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The evaluation of human-centered systems can be performed using a variety of different methodologies. This paper describes a human-centered systems evaluation methodology where participants watch 5-second non-interactive videos of a system in operation before supplying judgments and subjective measures based on the information conveyed in the videos. This methodology was used to evaluate the ability of different textures and fields of view to convey spatial awareness in synthetic vision systems (SVS) displays. It produced significant results for both judgment based and subjective measures. This method is compared to other methods commonly used to evaluate SVS displays based on cost, the amount of experimental time required, experimental flexibility, and the type of data provided. Author Display Devices; Enhanced Vision; Simulation; Video Communication; Situational Awareness; Spatial Distribution 20060050247 Research and Technology Organization, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Technologies August 2006; 156 pp.; In English; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Report No.(s): RTO-TR- HFM-073; AC/323(HFM-073)TP/65; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: C01, CD-ROM: A08, Hardcopy 279

Human effects considerations and data are important to nearly every aspect of Non-Lethal Weapon (NLW) development, effectiveness assessment, and deployment, as well as to assuring human health and safety during NLW evaluation, testing, training, use, and maintenance. In response to NATO RTO tasking, based on the recommendations of the 2000 Defence Capabilities Initiative, to support preparations for a NATO NLW capability, the Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM) formed HFM-073 ‘The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Technologies (NLT);’ this Technical Report addresses the conclusions and recommendations of HFM-073. HFM-073 addressed the human effects of NLTs from the perspective of both the target (effectiveness and non-lethality) and the operator/bystander (fratricide, injury, long-term health effects). A summary of NLT technologies and a Glossary of terms important to the human effects of NLT are included in the Report. The complicated issue of policy approval for new NLWs is addressed and the implications of NLWs on training and field medicine are reviewed. Special attention is directed to the issues involved in obtaining target response data of the type, quality, and quantity that would satisfy the methodology and models being developed by another NATO RTO Panel, SAS-035 ‘Non-Lethal Weapons Effectiveness Assessment.’ Human Effects information, in all its dimensions, is critical for the success of NATO’s implementation of a NLW capability. The HFM Panel is the only RTO organization able to support NATO in this area. Author Human Factors Engineering; Maintenance Training; Education; Health; Lethality

59 MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER SCIENCES (GENERAL) Includes general topics and overviews related to mathematics and computer science. For specific topics in these areas see categories 60 through 67.

20060048179 Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA, USA Towards a Unified Approach to Information Integration A Review Paper on Data/Information Fusion Whitney, P. D.; Posse, C.; Lei, X. C.; Oct. 2005; 28 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881949; PNNL-15428; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Information or data fusion of data from different sources are ubiquitous in many applications, from epidemiology, medical, biological, political, and intelligence to military applications. Data fusion involves integration of spectral, imaging, text, and many other sensor data. For example, in epidemiology, information is often obtained based on many studies conducted by different researchers at different regions with different protocols. In the medical field, the diagnosis of a disease is often based on imaging (MRI, X-Ray, CT), clinical examination, and lab results. In the biological field, information is obtained based on studies conducted on many different species. In military field, information is obtained based on data from radar sensors, text messages, chemical biological sensor, acoustic sensor, optical warning and many other sources. Many methodologies are used in the data integration process, from classical, Bayesian, to evidence based expert systems. The implementation of the data integration ranges from pure software design to a mixture of software and hardware. In this review we summarize the methodologies and implementations of data fusion process, and illustrate in more detail the methodologies involved in three examples. We propose a unified multi-stage and multi-path mapping approach to the data fusion process, and point out future prospects and challenges. NTIS Diseases; Epidemiology; Expert Systems

20060048206 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting Vertical Fragmentation de Vries, A. P.; Mamoulis, N.; Nes, N. J.; Kersten, M. L.; Oct. 31, 2001; 20 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-115761; INS-R0109; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) In content-based retrieval systems, the goal of similarity search is to identify the k most similar images to a given example. Images are represented and queried by high-dimensional feature vectors encoding dominant characteristics like color and texture. We propose an efficient similarity search method that is robust to dimensionality and has optimal space complexity. Our approach fragments the feature vectors vertically, and computes the similarity of all images dimension by dimension. The innovation lies in gradually removing images that cannot participate in the response set. We show how to apply this scheme for two common similarity metrics, namely histogram intersection and euclidean distance. The implementation of our algorithm in Monet illustrates that core database technology supports image retrieval well, without special extensions. 280

Finally, we report the effectiveness of our approach on real and synthetic data sets, and show significant improvements in response time yielded. NTIS Analogies; Data Retrieval; Fragmentation 20060048207 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA, California Univ., Santa Barbara, Goleta, CA, USA, Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Sensitivity Analysis of Differential-Algebraic Equations and Partial Differential Equations Petzold, L.; Cao, Y.; Li, S.; Serban, R.; Aug. 10, 2005; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881892; UCRL-PROC-214507; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Sensitivity analysis generates essential information for model development, design optimization, parameter estimation, optimal control, model reduction and experimental design. In this paper we describe the forward and adjoint methods for sensitivity analysis, and outline some of our recent work on theory, algorithms and software for sensitivity analysis of differential-algebraic equation (DAE) and time-dependent partial differential equation (PDE) systems. NTIS Differential Equations; Partial Differential Equations; Sensitivity Analysis 20060048253 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands Flexible and Scalable Digital Library Search Windhouwer, M. A.; Schmidt, A. R.; von Zwol, R.; Petkovic, M.; Blok, H. E.; Dec. 31, 2001; 34 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2006-115763; INS-R0111; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this report the development of a specialised search engine for a digital library is described. The proposed system architecture consists of three levels: the conceptual, the logical and the physical level. The conceptual level schema enables by its exposure of a domain specific schema semantically rich conceptual search. The logical level provides a description language to achieve a high degree of flexibility for multimedia retrieval. The physical level takes care of scalable and efficient persistent data storage. The role, played by each level, changes during the various stages of a search engine’s lifecycle: (1) modeling the index, (2) populating and maintaining the index and (3) querying the index. The integration of all this functionality allows the combination of both conceptual and content-based querying in the query stage. A search engine for the Australian Open tennis tournament website is used as a running example, which shows the power of the complete architecture and its various components. NTIS Information Management; Information Retrieval; Libraries 20060048346 Tokyo Univ., Japan Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst Switching/Optical Access Network Yongmei, Sun; Hashiguchi, Tomohiro; VuQuang, Minh; Xi, Wang; Imaizumi, Hideaki; Morikawa, Hiroyuki; Aoyama, Tomonori; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 73-83; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Optical burst switching is considered an attractive switching technology for building the next-generation optical Internet. To investigate its feasibility, evaluate its performance and explore its future direction, we designed and implemented an overlay-mode optical burst-switched network testbed. In this report, we present the node architecture, control algorithm, and performance evaluation of the testbed. A flexible ‘transceiver + forwarding’ node architecture is proposed to perform both electronic burst assembly/disassembly and optical burst forwarding. It is designed to provide class of service and wavelength selection for locally generated bursts, and transparency to cut-through bursts. A scheduling mechanism, which efficiently combines two different contention resolutions in space and wavelength domains, is discussed in detail. Performances of the burst-switched network testbed, including end-to-end delay, burst blocking probability and TCP throughput, are evaluated; and online video services are demonstrated. Furthermore, key determinants of the network performance and future directions are also discussed. Author Optical Switching; Internets; Switching Theory; Probability Theory; Performance Tests 20060049157 Forum Guide Sep. 2006; 34 Report No.(s):

National Forum on Education Statistics, Washington, DC, USA to Decision Support Systems: A Resource for Educators pp.; In English PB2007-100240; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 281

The Decision Support System Literacy Task Force of the National Forum on Education Statistics (Forum) is pleased to introduce the Forum Guide to Decision Support Systems: A Resource for Educators. This document was developed by educators for educators to remedy the lack of reliable, objective information available to the education community about decision support systems. The authors hope it will help readers better understand what decision support systems are, how they are configured, how they operate, and how they might be implemented in an education institution. Like other Forum guides, this document was prepared by Forum members-representatives of local and state education agencies, federal agencies, and national organizations involved in education data collection and use. This work was supported by the National Center for Education Statistics of the U.S. Department of Education. The National Forum on Education Statistics provides an arena for local, state, and national leaders in the education data community to discuss issues, address problems, develop resources, and consider new approaches to improving data collection and utility. The Decision Support System Literacy Task Force hopes you find the Forum Guide to Decision Support Systems: A Resource for Educators useful, and that it helps improve data-driven decisionmaking in schools, school districts, and state education agencies across the nation. NTIS Decision Support Systems; Decision Making; Information Systems; Education; Data Acquisition 20060049158 National Center for Education Statistics, Washington, DC, USA, Education Statistics Services Inst., Washington, DC, USA Computer and Internet Use by Students in 2003. Statistical Analysis Report DeBell, M.; Chapman, C.; Sep. 2006; 72 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2007-100237; NCES-2006-065; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report uses data from the Current Population Survey, October 2003 School Enrollment and Computer Use Supplement to examine the use of computers and the Internet by American children enrolled in nursery school and students in kindergarten through grade 12, age 3 and older. The report examines the overall rate of use (that is, the percentage of individuals in the population who are users), the ways in which students use the technologies, where the use occurs (home, school, and other locations), and the relationships of these aspects of computer and Internet use to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics such as students’ age and race/ethnicity and their parents’ education and family income. All statistical comparisons in this report were tested for significance at the 95 percent confidence level (p\h.05), and all reported differences are statistically significant and are five percentage points or larger, unless otherwise noted. This report confirms that patterns of computer and Internet use seen in previous research (DeBell and Chapman 2003) are observed in more recent data representing a different population than has been described previously. NTIS Internets; Statistical Analysis; Students 20060049159 Comptroller of the Currency, Washington, DC, USA Depository Services: Comptroller’s Handbook, September 2006 Sep. 2006; 125 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2007-100233; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy This booklet provides background information and optional expanded examination procedures for the following consumer protection regulations: -Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions; -Electronic Fund Transfers; -Interest on Deposits; -Expedited Funds Availability; and -Truth in Savings. This booklet provides a synopsis of each regulation. Because the synopses are not comprehensive, users of this booklet should refer to each regulation for more detailed guidance and specific requirements. NTIS Consumers; Handbooks 20060049161 Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems from Molecular Structure by SPARC Hilal, S. H.; Sep. 2006; 113 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2007-100142; EPA/600/R-06/105; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy SPARC (SPARC Performs Automated Reasoning in Chemistry) chemical reactivity models were extended to calculate hydrolysis rate constants for carboxylic acid ester and phosphate ester compounds in aqueous non- aqueous and systems strictly from molecular structure. The energy differences between the initial state and the transition state for a molecule of 282

interest are factored into internal and external mechanistic perturbation components. The internal perturbations quantify the interactions of the appended perturber (P) with the reaction center (C). These internal perturbations are factored into SPARC’s mechanistic components of electrostatic and resonance effects. External perturbations quantify the solute-solvent interactions (solvation energy) and are factored into H-bonding, field stabilization and steric effects. These models have been tested using 1471 reliable measured base, acid and general base-catalyzed carboxylic acid ester hydrolysis rate constants in water and in mixed solvent systems at different temperatures. NTIS Carboxylic Acids; Computer Programs; Constants; Esters; Hydrolysis; Molecular Structure; Phosphates; Reaction Kinetics 20060049172 Ljubljana Univ., Ljubljana, Slovenia Two Methods for Calibration Without A Through Connection On A Three-Sampler Vector Analyzer Kostevc, Drago; Mlakar, Joze; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 59-63; In Slovene; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources For purely physical reasons it is often difficult or even impossible to directly interconnect ports of some vector analyzers. In such cases, methods not involving a through connection are convenient. Two new methods for calibration without a through connection on a three-sampler vector analyzer are presented. The methods, which are based on calibration methods for four-sampler vector analyzers, take into account the fact that the standard twelve-parameter error model, when applied to three-sampler vector analyzers, comprises only eleven independent parameters. In the first method, an analyzer is calibrated as a reflectometer at both ports and then a line with unknown transmission parameters, but with at least approximately known length, is measured during the calibration process. In the second method, two known reflection standards and two lines are measured during the calibration process. Each method is described by a system of non-linear equations and a solution procedure for the equation systems is given. Author Error Analysis; Calibrating; Reflectometers; Nonlinearity 20060049176 Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA User Manual for EXPRESS, the ‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30, 2006 Burns, L. A.; Sep. 2006; 42 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2007-100140; EPA/600/R-06/095; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has developed a tiered approach to determine the appropriate level of modeling needed to perform a risk assessment for a pesticide. This tiered approach is designed to minimize the amount of analysis required to evaluate any given chemical. Each of the tiers is designed to screen out pesticides by requiring higher, more complex levels of investigation only for those compounds that have not passed the previous tier. Each tier screens out a percentage of pesticides from having to undergo a more rigorous review prior to registration or reregistration. ‘Passing’ a given assessment tier indicates that there is a low possibility of risk to the aquatic environment. ‘Failing’ an assessment tier does not, however, necessarily mean the chemical is likely to cause environmental problems, merely that the assessment should continue on to the next higher assessment tier. The intent of this tiered modeling system is to produce only as thorough an analysis as is necessary for each pesticide, and thereby focus greatest resources and efforts toward areas of greatest potential ecological threat. NTIS Computer Programs; Exposure; Graphical User Interface; Manuals; Simulation; User Manuals (Computer Programs) 20060049177 Cincinnati Univ., OH, USA Integration of an Economy Under Imperfect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Ecological Model Whitmore, H. W.; Pawlowski, C. W.; Cabezas, H.; Mayer, A. L.; Hoagland, N. T.; Jul. 2006; 99 pp.; In English Report No.(s): PB2007-100137; EPA/600/R-06/046; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This report documents the scientific research work done to date on developing a generalized mathematical model depicting a combined economic-ecological-social system with the goal of making it available to the scientific community. The model is preliminary and has not been tested or fully explored. The model system described here is intended to represent the first steps in combining (in simple fashion) the basic dynamic elements of an ecosystem functioning with a human society and an economy in a closed system with a non-limiting supply of energy (the model is based on flows of mass between system compartments while the total mass is conserved). NTIS Competition; Economics; Ecosystems; Mathematical Models 283

20060049980 IPSI Marbella, Marbella, Spain International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA) January 2006; In English; IPSI-2006 Marbella, 10-12 Feb. 2006, Marbella, Spain; See also 20060049981 - 20060049996; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: C01, CD-ROM The following topics were discussed: Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science According to Bologna Process; eReadiness of Business Processes; How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful Animations for Teaching and Research Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camtasia(TradeMark); Quality Education and ‘Quality Papers"; Online Learning Style and e-Learning Approaches; From Distance Learning to Blended Learning: A programme Incorporating Multiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning - Examples from V-learn.ie; Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses to Service Failure; University-Industry Relations in Hungary: Establishment Scheme of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Information Technology Innovation and Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/; A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System; RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation; MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of Efficient Native Supercomputing for Microsoft Windows Architecture; Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engineers?; Building SMART Leadership; The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing; Evaluation of the Quality of an Information Security Management System; and Creating Agile Business through Service-Oriented Architecture. Derived from text Supercomputers; Parallel Processing (Computers); Information Management; Information Systems; Imaging Techniques; Electrical Engineering; Internets 20060049981 Zagreb Univ., Zagreb, Croatia Creating Agile Business through Service-Oriented Architecture Panian, Zeljko; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 5 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document To better understand Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs) and how they can be effectively employed and managed, it helps to understand the principles on which they are designed and the way they can be implemented. It also helps to become acquainted with tools that are helping enable application developers and integrators to quickly and cost-effectively make SOAs a reality within their specific organizations. But, while many understand the notion SOA by now, very few have any idea how to get there. In SOA, data and business logic are encapsulated in modular business components with documented interfaces. This clarifies design and facilitates incremental development and future extensions. An SOA application can also be integrated with heterogeneous, external legacy and purchased applications more easily than a monolithic, non-SOA application can. The paper presents a stepwise approach to SOA implementation, including 12 steps we find necessary for the implementation to be successful. We believe these twelve steps represent a plan of attack that provides implementers a sure-fire way to better manage and make SOA a success. Author Organizations; Architecture (Computers); Integrators; Commerce 20060049982 Ljubljana Univ., Ljubljana, Slovenia Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engineers? Tomazic, Saso; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 6 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Quality of life (QoL) is becoming one of major research field in recent years, however engineering community seems to be left behind. Only two papers on QoL can be find in all periodicals of IEEE since 1951. However, there are many areas, where, with their knowledge and experience, engineers and technical scientist could make some difference. As an example, two topics where using knowledge and experiences from technical fields could contribute to QoL, are presented. The first is the problem of measuring QoL. A new method of combining different aspects of QoL to overall QoL is proposed. The second topic describes QoL as a system and it is shown, that some knowledge of system control and adaptive systems could be useful, when trying to improve QoL. The main purpose of the paper is to make engineers and technical scientist aware of QoL and to make improving QoL at least a part of their challenge. Author Engineers; Adaptation; Periodicals; Engineering; Quality 284

20060049983 University Coll., Dublin, Ireland From Distance Learning to Blended Learning: A Program Incorporating Multiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning Examples from V-learn.ie Phelan, Jim; Mulhall, Lily; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Higher education today operates in a new era, an era that is much more conscious of the market place. The product it sells is knowledge. The principles that underpinned the Ivory Tower have weakened. Excellence, efficiency, customer base, international linkages, unit costs, interdisciplinary research, fulltime teacher equivalents (FTE s) and quality are the new drivers as universities position themselves in the increasingly competitive business of education. Like any business universities are not immune to the impact of technological developments and it is in this area that the most profound changes may yet occur. The ‘Virtual Classroom’ is now a reality and universities are gearing themselves for this new challenge. The purpose of this paper therefore is to outline the changing nature of university education and in particular to detail the current situation regarding e-learning. It will draw on experiences gained over a ten-year period and describe a model of ‘Blended Learning’ which can challenge traditional curricula in terms of its pedagogy, its educational outcomes and particularly its accessibility. Derived from text Education; Commerce; Instructors; Costs 20060049984 Tun Abdul Razak Univ., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Online Learning Style and e-Learning Approaches KhairuddinHashim, Hanan Ettaher Dagez; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 6 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Although there are many learning style models, theories, and methodology that been used for a long time in education, none of them have adequately covered all learning aspects such as personality, emotional issues, scale differences, and preferences. Many researchers have derived and used some elements from these models in an e-learning system but these seem insufficient to overcome some e-learning difficulties. In e-learning when the learning style of the student is not compatible with the teaching style of the teacher; difficulties in academic achievement can result. Therefore, knowing what is the preferred learning style and favorite study environment supporting emotional intelligence and guaranteeing the success of learning and teaching process, is critical. This paper attempts to outline learning styles suitable for e-learning. It also presents a model developed for e-learning and the results of a survey conducted to verify the model. Author Education; Intelligence; Personality; Emotional Factors 20060049985 Blackburn Coll., UK The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing Holmes, Violeta; McDonough, Terence; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 10 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document In this paper we present our experience in designing and implementing a High Performance Computing Cluster for teaching parallel computing theory and development of parallel applications. The development of the ELIHE cluster provides us with an opportunity to take a hands-on approach in teaching programming environments, tools, and libraries for development of parallel applications, parallel computation, architectures and message passing paradigms using Message Passing Interface (MPI) at both undergraduate and graduate level. In less than a decade, clusters of shelf-ready PCs have become the most cost efficient computing platforms for computing a wide range of high performance applications from molecular biology simulations to search and indexing on the Internet. The ELIHE High Performance Cluster in our School of Science and Technology consists of 9 computational nodes and a head node. All the nodes in the cluster are commodity systems - PCs, running commodity software - Linux, and CLIC Mandrake. We shall focus on the capabilities for messaging provided by the public domain version of MPI for computer clusters (MPICH) that is installed on the ELIHE cluster. We will consider MPI language bindings for C and FORTRAN - traditional High Performance Computing languages and JAVA programming systems. Our objective is to evaluate how these programming environments compare by considering the 285

advantages/disadvantages of each for scientific and engineering computation and in particular for parallel computing. Author Computer Programming; Programming Environments; Unix (Operating System); FORTRAN; Java (Programming Language); Parallel Processing (Computers); Education

20060049986 Budapest Univ. of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary University-Industry Relations in Hungary: Establishment Scheme of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Information Technology Innovation and Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ Risztics, Peter Karoly; Bacsa, Laszlo; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 11 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Economic development is determined not solely by investments but also by technological development. Information technology and its applications are the base infrastructure for the information society. The extent of knowledge of society and the economy and the present standard of the knowledge industry are determined by the level of democratic access to the base infrastructure and contents accessible via this infrastructure. The knowledge industry is the ‘new economy’ in which knowledge plays a dominant role. This dominant role arises from the fact that products and services with added intellectual value result in a higher standard of the efficiency and quality and have a higher profit-generating ability while the hitherto dominant elements in industry, matter and energy, may be pushed into the background. Knowledge is practically the only unlimited natural resource. The knowledge content is manifested in the economic utilisation of the results of research and development. The strategic objective of the (IT)2 regional knowledge centre is clear: while keeping the traditions of the University, increase the competitiveness of the region, and in a broader context, of the Hungarian economy, to increase the knowledge content of products and services, to create knowledge-intensive jobs, to increase the number and profitability of technology-intensive small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of information technology and its applications. Information technology, as one of today s the fastest-growing fields, has a major role in forming the efficiency of society and economy. The exponentially increasing storage and computing capacities and bandwidth make the performing of such tasks that previously deemed impossible due to technological limits. However, it is clear, that the current state of information technology could yield more, than what is currently utilized in the large, complex systems of society and economy (such as e-government, financial systems, transportation and logistics systems, meteorological simulation and visualisation systems, process, organizational and decision control systems, etc.) Derived from text Economic Development; Systems Simulation; Information Systems; Complex Systems; Logistics

20060049987 Fribourg Univ., Switzerland RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation Fuhrer, Patrik; Guinard, Dominique; Liechti, Olivier; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Technologies of identification by radio frequencies (RFID) and their standardization with the Electronic Product Code (EPC) architecture experience a fast development. After briefly introducing the common terminology of the RFID field and a short presentation of its current standards, this paper presents one possible application domain: the tracking of objects. In this context, the distributed software architecture of a J2EE based assets tracking application, called RFIDLocator, is further described. RFIDLocator allows to trace electronically labeled objects within a predefined area (e.g. a building, a campus, a site, ...). Indeed, when tagged objects are moved, the monitoring information system is automatically informed thanks to readers deployed in their environment. As the number of assets can increase dramatically, this kind of application has high requirements for scalability and reliability which are supported through the use of solid object oriented software systems (Enterprise Java Beans technology along with an implementation of the Event Manager standard). Some critical remarks about this emerging technology, the important questions it raises and the barriers it has to overcome to be fully accepted conclude this paper. Author Radio Frequencies; Software Engineering; Information Systems; Reliability; Standardization; Deployment 286

20060049988 Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL, USA A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System Bermudez, Manuel E.; Banks, Scott A.; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document We describe a research, development, and commercialization project being carried out at the University of Florida. The goal is to design, build, and commercialize a new platform for obtaining X-ray image sequences (an X-ray video) of human joints while in motion, as well as 3-dimensional computed X-ray tomography of stationary targets. The system involves a motion capture subsystem which tracks active markers positioned in close proximity to the target, and two robotic arms which, guided by tracking information from the motion capture subsystem, follow the target as it moves. One robotic arm carries an X-ray source, and the other robotic arm carries an X-ray receiver panel. In real time, the two robotic arms move in a coordinated fashion, maintaining the target in their line of sight, enabling the image sequence to show the human joint in motion from a fixed angle. In the computed tomography mode, the robotic arms will circle around a stationary target, producing a 3-dimensional view from continuously changing angles. This combination of technologies promises to revolutionize the diagnostic and orthopaedic treatment of injured or diseased human joints. We also describe the equally innovative development model of this new platform: a collaboration between several interdisciplinary teams, including experts and students in marketing research and business startups, a research team of Mechanical Engineering faculty and graduate students, and a team of undergraduate Computer Science students developing the end-user graphical interfaces and overall control system. Author Research and Development; Commercialization; X Ray Sources; Robotics; Robot Arms; Real Time Operation; Imaging Techniques; Graphical User Interface 20060049989 Siemens A.G., Munich, Germany eReadiness of Business Processes Mitko, Martin; Thonabauer, Claudia; Sametinger, Johannes; Weber, Norbert; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 5 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document eReadiness is the degree of eCommerce-based execution of a business process. The eReadiness depends on the efficient use of eSolutions. Because of the huge number of available eSolutions and the fact that individual requirements of every single business process activity have to be considered, the assignment of eSolutions to business processes is difficult. This article describes a tool (called eBModeller) which automatically detects eSolutions that are suitable to execute a specific business process and which is also able to identify the eReadiness of a business process partially. Recommendations for investments can be deducted from the results of the assignment of eSolutions to business processes and the identification of the eReadiness. Author Commerce; Data Bases; Management Systems; Information Systems; World Wide Web 20060049990 Toronto Univ., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful Animations for Teaching and Research Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camtasia(TradeMark) O’Day, Danton H.; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 13 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document There is accumulating evidence that students learn more from animations than static graphics. While animations are useful in communicating complex, dynamic events, most animation packages are costly and involve a steep learning curve precluding their general use by educators and scientists. I will show how pedagogically meaningful and visually appealing animations can be easily made using PowerPoint(TradeMark) and a collaborative add-on program, Camtasia(TradeMark) Studio. After outlining the methodology and showing animations from my Advanced Cell Biology course, I will provide data and student opinions from a class evaluation that support the use of animations in teaching with some interesting caveats. Author Education; Animation; Learning Curves; Students; Computer Programs 287

20060049992 Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Cartago, Costa Rica MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of Efficient Native Supercomputing for Microsoft Windows Architecture Corrales, Santiago Nunez; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 7 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The variety of applications that require considerable amounts of processing power is increasing constantly. Current sets of tools that try to solve these needs tend to be difficult to install and manage for the end user. In addition, it would be of great use to have included parallel processing as a native feature of the operating system for increasing the range in application development within all fields, especially with the presence of Grid computing and embedded software as a global growing tendency. The present work is a first approach to describe the problems, possibilities and challenges of integrating high-performance computing (HPC) into the Microsoft Windows Architecture and .NET development Framework. The principal motivation comes from the present absence of a transparent and high efficiency-oriented base that interacts with high-level applications as a native function in Microsoft Windows OS, and forces the use of third party libraries that create a burden in the software development process. The solution proposed is to include native support directly at the kernel level implemented for different hardware platforms and to include class-based support in MS Visual Studio .NET Framework, according to the requirements of the problems to solve. Benefits are ranged from parallel control for real-time critical applications to economic simulation and scientific supercomputing, without sacrificing the efficiency of low level operating system control and the verifiability from the software process perspective. Author Supercomputers; Parallel Processing (Computers); Grid Computing (Computer Networks); Software Engineering; Computer Programming; Real Time Operation

20060049994 Duke Univ., Durham, NC, USA Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses to Service Failure Britton, Julie Edell; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 31 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document How do we respond when a service that we have purchased fails to meet our expectations? Consumers frequently experience cancelled airline flights, damaged luggage, delayed shipping, ruined clothing from the dry cleaner, an unbecoming hair style and countless other less than desirable services. Do we automatically blame the company providing the service or the agent delivering the bad news? What are the conditions under which the consumer feels that she or he contributed to the negative outcome? Drawing on prior research in the fields of regret, service quality, marketing and psychology, several factors are explored in this research. Consumers may not react in the same way when the service provider whom they chose is not their regular service provider. A strong relationship between a customer and the service provider has been shown to insulate the firm from as great of a negative impact if an occasional substandard interaction occurs. Additionally, research has shown that people will blame themselves more when something goes awry, if they actively considered the chosen option rather than just coming across it. Thus, the effects of these two factors, relationship strength and active consideration, are examined in this research. Consumers emotional responses to the service failure were studied by measuring emotions directed at the outcome (disappointment and delight with the outcome), emotions directed at the provider (anger and happiness with the provider) and emotions directed at the consumer himself or herself (regret and satisfaction with their decision to use that particular provider). In addition, measures were taken to assess the likelihood that the consumer would continue to use this provider and to recommend them to a friend. Participants were also asked what the service provider should do to correct the problem and how they would respond if the firm did so. The results of the study are quite insightful. Consumers blame themselves if they used a new provider and actively considered that provider before making the decision to do business there. Consumers using their regular provider were significantly more satisfied with their decision than were consumers using a new provider, even though the failure was identical. Consumers using their regular provider were happier with the provider than were consumers using a new provider. The mediating role of these emotional responses on the continuation of the service relationship was also examined. We found evidence that the two ‘self’ focused emotions (regret and satisfaction with one s decision) and anger directed at the provider mediated the effect of the relationship manipulation on the continuation measures. Author Commerce; Consumers; Psychology; Marketing; Emotional Factors 288

20060049995 Technische Univ., Darmstadt, Germany Evaluation of the Quality of an Information Security Management System Boehmer, Wolfgang; Petzel, Erhard; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 14 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document If critical business processes are impaired by infrastructural IT faults (incidents), long downtimes with considerable costs are often the result, which can lead to the ruin of the company concerned. Yet in spite of this, according to a current study, the IT security organization is considered as the stepchild within companies. The awareness of IT risks is underdeveloped and, in case of prevention, they are considered only inadequately in the calculation [Kk02]. At the same time, with the trend to distributed IT systems, the appraisal of the security situation is becoming increasingly difficult. Against this background IT governance is becoming ever more important. According to the IT Governance Institute (ITGI), IT governance includes management organizational structures and processes, which should ensure that IT supports the company strategy and its objectives. An Information Security Management System (ISMS) is thus a core system of IT governance. he usefulness (effectiveness) and the efficiency (economic viability) of this system is therefore of exceptional importance to the company and its information-related security. However, a check of previous processes and models for IT security indicates that these reference variables have been neglected and thus no top-down management or bottom-up adaptation is effectively supported. Also, the permanent trend towards outsourcing in IT and the necessity to establish and maintain a coordinated, company-comprehensive security level, has been reflected only inadequately in the models up to now. In this contribution, an approach for the evaluation of the quality of an ISMS is proposed, which allows the evaluation of the usefulness, i.e. the effectiveness and the efficiency, thus the economic viability, of an Information Security Management System. Author Information Management; Warning Systems; Security; Economics; Costs; Commerce

20060049996 Belgrade Univ., Serbia Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science According to Bologna Process Protic, Jelica; Kovacevic, Branko; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 2 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document University of Belgrade is the oldest institution of higher education in Serbia, founded 101 years ago as a successor of Great School of Belgrade. University consists of 31 schools covering wide range of disciplines, from humanities to medicine and technical sciences. Electrical Engineering became separate school in 1948, and since then built the reputation of one of the most respectful units of the University, with more then 15,000 graduated engineers at the BSc level, more then 1800 MSc fellows and about 600 PhD fellows. Approximately one third of them were employed in developed countries of Western Europe and North America. Before the changes invoked by Bologna process in Europe, undergraduate studies at the School of Electrical Engineering had traditional structure with 9 semesters of courses and one semester reserved for a final (‘diploma’) project. Masters studies lasted 2 years, with 6 courses and the masters project. The PhD program was research oriented, with PhD thesis only, without courses, exams and predetermined duration. The title of ‘diploma engineer’ obtained after the 5-year program was usually translated as BSc, although it was evaluated as MSc in some particular cases, because of duration and complexity of the studies. The program was difficult and theory-oriented, with high drop-out rate and the average real duration between 7 and 8 years, so the changes and restructuring of the studies became inevitable. Because of the permanent changes in technology and industry, the content of many courses also became outdated, so that major curriculum changes had to be considered. The new Law on Higher Education in Serbia was approved in September 2005, after almost three years of discussions and different draft versions that were negotiated between the authorities and academic community. According to the Law, the first cycle of academic studies for bachelor degree can last 3 to 4 years (180-240 ECTS points) and the second cycle for master degree can last 1 to 2 years, so that the total number of ECTS points for masters degree is 300 (5 years). Doctoral studies should last at least 3 years and include both courses and PhD thesis. Each year of study is worth 60 ECTS points. The decision made by the School of Electrical Engineering was to go for 4+1+3 scheme. According to the Law, student must collect all 60 credits in order to be financed by the Ministry; otherwise, he can proceed to the next year with 37 credits if he self-finances his studies. For each course, student has to gain 30-70% of his final grade during the school year, shifting the importance of final exam, which was almost exclusive before, to the continuous work during the semester. Derived from text Electrical Engineering; Schools; Students; Education; Engineers 289

20060050122 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA Multiple-Event Location Using the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Technique Myers, S. C.; Johannesson, G.; Hanley, W.; Jul. 14, 2005; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881641; UCRL-PROC-213595; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The goal of next-generation seismic location is to ascertain a consistent set of event locations and travel-time corrections through simultaneous analysis of all relevant data. Towards that end, we are developing a new multipleevent location algorithm that utilizes the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for solving large, non-linear inverse problems. Unlike most inverse methods, the MCMC approach produces a suite of solutions, each of which is consistent with seismic and other observations, as well as prior estimates of data and model uncertainties. In the MCMC multiple-event locator (MCMCloc), the model uncertainties consist of prior estimates on the accuracy of each input event location, travel-time prediction uncertainties, phase measurement uncertainties, and assessments of phase identification. The prior uncertainty estimates include correlations between travel-time predictions, correlations between measurement errors, and the probability of misidentifying one phase for another (or bogus picks). The implementation of prior constraints on location accuracy allows the direct utilization of ground-truth events in the location algorithm. This is a significant improvement over most other multiple-event locators (GMEL is an exception), for which location accuracy is achieved through post-processing comparisons with ground-truth information. Like the double-difference algorithm, the implementation of a correlation structure for travel-time predictions allows MCMCloc to operate over arbitrarily large geographic areas. MCMCloc can accommodate nonGaussian and multi-modal pick distributions, which can enhance application to poorly recorded events. Further, MCMCloc allows for ambiguous determination of phase assignments, and the solution includes the probability that phases are properly assigned. The probabilities that phase assignments are correct are propagated to the estimates of all other model parameters. Posteriori estimates of event locations, path corrections, pick errors, and phase identifications are made through analysis of the posteriori suite of acceptable solutions. NTIS Algorithms; Ground Truth; Markov Chains; Monte Carlo Method; Position (Location)

20060050127 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discretization of the Diffusion Equation for Arbitrary Polyhedral Grids Bailey, T. S.; Adams, M. L.; Yang, B.; Zika, M. R.; Jul. 18, 2005; 20 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881630; UCRL-PROC-213665; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) We develop a piecewise linear (PWL) Galerkin finite element spatial discretization for the multidimensional radiation diffusion equation. It uses piecewise linear weight and basis functions in the finite element approximation, and it can be applied on arbitrary polygonal (2D) or polyhedral (3D) grids. We show that this new PWL method gives solutions comparable to those from Palmers finite-volume method. However, since the PWL method produces a symmetric positive definite coefficient matrix, it should be substantially more computationally efficient than Palmers method, which produces an asymmetric matrix. We conclude that the Galerkin PWL method is an attractive option for solving diffusion equations on unstructured grids. NTIS Diffusion; Finite Element Method

20060050136 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA, USA Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several Orders of Magnitude Stockinger, K.; Rotem, D.; Shoshani, A.; Wu, K.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881612; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge FastBit is an efficient, compressed bitmap indexing technology that was developed in our group. In this report we evaluate the performance of MySQL and FastBit for analyzing the email traffic of the Enron dataset. The first finding shows that materializing the join results of several tables significantly improves the query performance. The second finding shows that FastBit outperforms MySQL by several orders of magnitude. NTIS Data Base Management Systems; Algorithms; Data Processing 290

20060050176 Maryland Univ. Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA Learning User Preferences for Sets of Objects desJardins, Marie; Eaton, Eric; Wagstaff, Kiri L.; [2006]; 8 pp.; In English; 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning, 25-29 Jun. 2006, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSF 03-25329; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39687; Avail.: Other Sources Most work on preference learning has focused on pairwise preferences or rankings over individual items. In this paper, we present a method for learning preferences over sets of items. Our learning method takes as input a collection of positive examples--that is, one or more sets that have been identified by a user as desirable. Kernel density estimation is used to estimate the value function for individual items, and the desired set diversity is estimated from the average set diversity observed in the collection. Since this is a new learning problem, we introduce a new evaluation methodology and evaluate the learning method on two data collections: synthetic blocks-world data and a new real-world music data collection that we have gathered. Author Kernel Functions; Data Acquisition; Estimating; Ranking 20060050177 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, USA Evolution of the Configuration Database Design Salnikov, A.; Sep. 2005; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881544; SLAC-PUB-11396; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The BABAR experiment at SLAC successfully collects physics data since 1999. One of the major parts of its on-line system is the conguration database which provides other parts of the system with the conguration data necessary for data taking. Originally the conguration database was implemented in the Objectivity/DB ODBMS. Recently BABAR performed a successful migration of its event store from Objectivity/DB to ROOT and this prompted a complete phase-out of the Objectivity/DB in all other BABAR databases. It required the complete redesign of the conguration database to hide any implementation details and to support multiple storage technologies. In this paper we describe the process of the migration of the conguration database, its new design, implementation strategy and details. NTIS Data Base Management Systems; Data Bases; Software Engineering; Data Management 60 COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE Includes hardware for computer graphics, firmware and data processing. For components see 33 Electronics and Electrical Engineering. For computer vision see 63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.

20060048349 National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology, Japan OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link Kamio, Yukiyoshi; Wada, Naoya; Kubota, Fumito; Kutsuzawa, Satoko; Minato, Naoki; Sasaki, Kensuke; Kobayashi, Shuko; Nishiki, Ahihiko; Ushikubo, Takashi; Kamijoh, Takeshi; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 65-72; In English; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) is a promising technology for photonic packet switching and the optical metro- and local-area-networks (MAN/LAN) system applications, due to its all-optical signal processing, flexible capacity, and highly secured transmission. We have proposed and developed, time-spread/wavelength-hopping systems utilizing fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) filters. We report field trial of 200 km transmission on time-spread/wavelength-hopping OCDM was achieved using FBG en/decoders with 10Gbps x 2-ch signals on the JGNII network. Author Optical Data Processing; Local Area Networks; Packet Switching; Code Division Multiplexing; Decoders 20060048352 Nippon Electric Co. Ltd., Japan Research and Development of High-Capacity Optical Link Technologies Fukuchi, Kiyoshi; Hatakeyama, Ichiro; Ito, Toshiharu; Kurata, Kazuhiko; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 35-41; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources In order to accommodate the explosively increasing Internet traffic into trunk optical fiber network, there are several issues 291

to be solved, such as effective extension of transmission distance with high capacity data stream, and small-sized/low-power LSI interface for high capacity traffic routing chip. In this paper we demonstrate our developed ultra-dense WDM technology and transmission fiber design to enable 10 Tbps and/or thousand-wavelength WDM long-haul transmission system. Result of switch LSI module development with very small optical interface is also summarized that will enable very high capacity optical interconnection. Author Large Scale Integration; Optical Fibers; Internets; Data Flow Analysis 20060048604 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Modeling of Block-Based DSP Systems Ko, Dong-Ik; Bhattacharyya, Shuvra S; Aug 2003; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-00-1-0023 Report No.(s): AD-A453180; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453180; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Modeling semantics based on dataflow graphs are used widely in design tools for digital signal processing (DSP). This paper develops efficient techniques for representing and manipulating block-based operations in dataflow-based DSP design tools. In this context, a block refers to a finite-length sequence of data items, such as a sequence of speech samples, an image, or a group of video frames, as part of an enclosing data stream. We develop in this paper a meta-modeling technique called blocked dataflow (BLDF) for augmenting DSP design tools with more effective blocked data support in an efficient and general manner. We compare BLDF against alternative modeling approaches through a detained case study of an MPEG 2 video encoder system. DTIC Digital Systems; Signal Processing 20060048667 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Lexington, MA USA Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor Haney, R J; Lebak, J M; Alexander, M A; Chan, H; Jackson, P A; Wong, E L; Jun 14, 2006; 102 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0002; Proj-1084 Report No.(s): AD-A453293; PCA-KERNEL-3; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453293; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy The DARPA Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) program is a research initiative aimed at developing new computer architectures with a high degree of flexibility. Unlike current computer architectures that are rigid in nature, PCAs will have the capability to adapt (‘morph’) to match the problem being solved. This flexibility will allow higher overall system performance in a broad range of applications. MIT Lincoln Laboratory has defined a set of kernel benchmarks for the PCA program. The kernel-level benchmarks have been chosen to stress both computation and communication aspects of the architecture. The particular benchmarks chosen are based on the frequency of their use in current and future applications. They are drawn from the areas of signal and image processing, communication, and information and knowledge processing. Each of these areas imposes different processing requirements on the architecture in terms of operations performed and memory bandwidth required. This document describes a set of measurements of the PCA kernel benchmarks on a prototype PCA chip. DTIC Architecture (Computers); Kernel Functions; Measurement; Microprocessors; Polymorphism 20060048705 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA Architectural Support for Extensibility and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed Object Systems Grimshaw, Andrew S; Lewis, Michael J; Ferrari, Adam J; Karpovich, John F; Jun 3, 1998; 58 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-96-C-8527; DE-FD02-96ER25290 Report No.(s): AD-A453359; CS-98-12; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453359; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The Legion system defines a software architecture designed to support metacomputing, the use of large collections of heterogeneous computing resources distributed across local- and wide-area networks as a single, seamless virtual machine. Metasystems software must be extensible because no single system can meet all of the diverse, often conflicting, requirements of the entire present and future user community, nor can a system constructed today take best advantage of unanticipated future 292

hardware advances. Metasystems software must also support complete site autonomy, as resource owners will not turn control of their resources (hosts, databases, devices, etc.) over to a dictatorial system. Legion is a metasystem designed to meet the challenges of managing and exploiting wide-area systems. The Legion virtual machine provides secure shared object and shared name spaces, application adjustable fault-tolerance, improved response time, and greater throughput. Legion tackles problems not solved by existing workstation-based parallel processing tools, such as fault-tolerance, wide-area parallel processing, interoperability, heterogeneity, security, efficient scheduling, and comprehensive resource management. This paper describes the Legion run-time architecture, focussing in particular on the critical issues of extensibility and site autonomy. DTIC Architecture (Computers); Autonomy; Networks 20060048938 Raytheon Missile Systems Co., Tucson, AZ USA Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation for Distributed Sensor Networks and Missile Seeker Systems Schmidt, Harry; Aug 31, 2006; 40 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-04-C-0437 Report No.(s): AD-A453717; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The primary goal of this effort is to bring to maturity a select set of basic algorithms, hardware, and approaches developed under the Integrated Sensing and Processing (ISP) Phase I program, implement them on representative hardware, and demonstrate their performance in a realistic field environment. We have identified a few promising research thrusts investigated in ISP Phase I where field demonstrations are cost prohibitive but collected data sets are available. Here, we will conduct a thorough performance evaluation. DTIC Computer Networks; Detection; Detectors; Homing Devices; Missile Systems; Systems Integration 20060049454 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Fault and Defect Tolerant Computer Architectures: Reliable Computing with Unreliable Devices Roelke, IV, George R; Aug 31, 2006; 421 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454496; AFIT/DS/ENG/06-07; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454496; Avail.: CASI: A18, Hardcopy This research addresses design of a reliable computer from unreliable device technologies. A system architecture is developed for a ‘fault and defect tolerant’ (FDT) computer. Trade-offs between different techniques are studied and yield and hardware cost models are developed. Fault and defect tolerant designs are created for the processor and the cache memory. Simulation results for the content-addressable memory (CAM)-based cache show 90% yield with device failure probabilities of 3 x 10(-6), three orders of magnitude better than non fault tolerant caches of the same size. The entire processor achieves 70% yield with device failure probabilities exceeding 10(-6). The required hardware redundancy is approximately 15 times that of a non-fault tolerant design. While larger than current FT designs, this architecture allows the use of devices much more likely to fail than silicon CMOS. As part of model development, an improved model is derived for NAND Multiplexing. The model is the first accurate model for small and medium amounts of redundancy. Previous models are extended to account for dependence between the inputs and produce more accurate results. DTIC Architecture (Computers); Defects; Fault Tolerance 20060049816 Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD USA Scalability, Accountability and Instant Information Access for Network-Centric Warfare Amir, Yair; Jun 2006; 55 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-04-2-0232; DARPA ORDER-S468; Proj-S468 Report No.(s): AD-A454931; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This project focused on one main problem: How to scale intrusion tolerant replication to wide area networks while considerably improving performance. During the last few years, there has been considerable progress in the design of intrusion-tolerant (Byzantine) replication systems. The state of the art before this project performed well on small scale systems that were usually confined to local area networks. The project developed the first hierarchical Byzantine replication architecture tailored to systems that span multiple wide area sites, each consisting of several replicas. The new architecture dramatically improves system performance (latency and throughput), availability, and manageability, for the price of extra 293

hardware. Steward, a complete implementation of our architecture met and exceeded all performance goals and was able to withstand a white-box red team attack without being compromised even once. A side goal for the project was to look at the problem of malicious insider clients. Instead of compromising a system, malicious clients can just inject bad (but valid and authenticated) updates that corrupt information and propagate through the replicated system. By constructing an Accountability Graph between causally related updates, we demonstrate how enforcing accountability for client updates enables backtracking and state regeneration once corrupted data is discovered. DTIC Warfare; Wide Area Networks

61 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE Includes software engineering, computer programs, routines, algorithms, and specific applications, e.g., CAD/CAM. For computer software applied to specific applications, see also the associated category.

20060048612 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Neural Networks for Tactile Perception Pati, Y C; Friedman, D; Krishnaprasad, P S; Yao, C T; Peckerar, M C; Yang, R; Marrian, C R; Jan 1987; 20 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSF-OIR-85-00108 Report No.(s): AD-A453206; SRC-TR-87-123-R1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453206; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Integrated tactile sensors appear to be essential for dextrous control of multifingered robotic hands. Such sensors would feature (1) compliant contact surfaces, (2) high resolution surface stress transduction, (3) local signal conditioning, and (4) local computation to recover contact surface stress. The last-mentioned item pertains to the basic inverse problem of tactile perception and the real time solution of this inverse problem is our primary concern. We think that good solutions to this problem (i.e. algorithms + implementations ) will be needed for realizing dextrous hand control via tactile servoing. In this paper we describe a processor chip designed to solve the mathematical inversion problem utilizing neural network principles. An energy function for the network is derived and we show that the equilibrium states are just regularized solutions to the inversion problem. Simulations indicate that this chip can function in the presence of large amounts of electrical noise. In addition the effect of processing induced variability in sensor response can also be minimized using the maximum entropy estimate method described below. DTIC Computer Networks; Detectors; Neural Nets 20060048625 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Neural Networks for Low Level Processing of Tactile Sensory Data Pati, Yagyensh C; Jan 1988; 106 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-88-0204; NSFD-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A453222; SRC-MS-89-2; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453222; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy As the field of robotics continues to strive forward, the need for artificial tactile sensing becomes increasingly evident. Real-time, local processing of tactile sensory data also becomes a crucial issue in most applications of tactile sensing. In this thesis it is shown that analog neural networks provide an elegant solution to some of the problems of low level tactile data processing. We consider the particular problem of ′deblurring’ strain data from an array of tactile sensors. It is shown that the inverse problem of deblurring strain measurements to recover the surface stress over a region of contact is ill-posed in the sense defined by Hadamard. This problem is further complicated by the corruption of sensor data by noise. We show that the techniques of ′regularization’ may be used to introduce prior knowledge of the solution space into the solutions in order to transform the problem to one which is well-posed and less sensitive to noise. The particular regularizer chosen for the recovery of normal stress distributions is of the functional form of Shannon entropy. Formulation of the inverse problem so as to regularize the solutions results in a variational principle which must be solved in order to recover the surface stress. An analog neural network which provides the desired solutions to the variational principle as a course of natural time evolution of the circuit dynamics is proposed as a solution to the requirements for fast, local processing in tactile sensing. We discuss performance of the network in the presence of noise based upon computer simulations. We also demonstrate, by means bf a breadboard prototype of the network, the speed of computation achievable by such a network. An integrated circuit 294

implementation of the proposed network has been completed and the requirements of such implementations is discussed. DTIC Computer Networks; Distributed Processing; Neural Nets 20060048628 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA .NET Security: Lessons Learned and Missed from Java Evans, Nathanael P; Jan 2004; 19 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): CCR-0092945; ITR-EIA-0205327 Report No.(s): AD-A453231; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453231; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Many systems execute untrusted programs in virtual machines (VMs) to limit their access to system resources. Sun introduced the Java VM in 1995, primarily intended as a lightweight platform for execution of untrusted code inside web pages. More recently, Microsoft developed the .NET platform with similar goals. Both platforms share many design and implementation properties, but there are key differences between Java and .NET that have an impact on their security. This paper examines how .NET’s design avoids vulnerabilities and limitations discovered in Java and discusses lessons learned (and missed) from Java’s experience with security. DTIC Computer Programming; Java (Programming Language) 20060048644 California Univ., Davis, CA USA A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability Taxonomies Bishop, Matt; Bailey, David; Sep 1996; 16 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA904-95-C-2107 Report No.(s): AD-A453251; CSE-96-11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453251; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Computer vulnerabilities seem to be omnipresent. In every system fielded programming errors configuration errors and operation errors have allowed unauthorized users to enter systems or authorized users to take unauthorized actions. Efforts to eliminate the flaws have failed miserably; indeed sometimes attempts to patch a vulnerability have increased the danger. Further designers and implementers rarely learn from the mistakes of others in part because these security holes are so rarely documented in the open literature. DTIC Computer Programming; Taxonomy; Vulnerability 20060048646 New York Univ., New York, NY USA Efficiently Distributing Component-Based Applications Across Wide-Area Environments Llambiri, Deni; Totok, Alexander; Karamcheti, Vijay; Jan 2002; 17 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-00-1-8920; N66001-01-1-8929 Report No.(s): AD-A453253; TR2002-832; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453253; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Distribution and replication of network-accessible applications has been shown to be an effective approach for delivering improved Quality of Service (QoS) to end users. An orthogonal trend seen in current-day network services is the use of component-based frameworks. Even though such component-based applications are natural candidates for distributed deployment, it is unclear if the design patterns underlying component frameworks also enable efficient service distribution in wide-area environments. In this paper, we investigate application design rules and their accompanying system-level support essential to a beneficial and efficient service distribution process. Our study targets the widely used Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) component platform and two sample component-based applications: Java Pet Store and RUBiS. Our results present strong experimental evidence that component-based applications can be efficiently distributed in wide-area environments, significantly improving QoS delivered to end users as compared to a centralized solution. Although current design patterns underlying component frameworks are not always suitable, we identify a small set of design rules for orchestrating interactions and managing component state that together enable efficient distribution. Futhermore, we show how enforcement of the identified design rules and automation of pattern implementation can be supported by container frameworks. DTIC Distributed Processing; Wide Area Networks 295

20060048647 New York Univ., New York, NY USA A Language for Semantic Analysis Cai, Jiazhen; May 1993; 23 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-91-0308; NSF-CCR90-02428 Report No.(s): AD-A453254; TR-635; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453254; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Semantic analysis is important for compilers. In the APTS program transformation system, semantics is specified by rules in the language RSL. The semantic rules are interpreted by APTS to generate the semantic information of the program, which is then used by the rewriting engine for program translation. This approach has proved to be convenient and powerful in our construction of a SETL-to-C compiler. In this paper, we discuss the features, applications, implementation strategy, and performance of RSL. DTIC High Level Languages; Semantics 20060048682 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of Shipbuilding CAD/CAM Systems (Phase I) Moore, Richard C; Oct 14, 1996; 207 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453312; UMTRI-96-35; NSRP-0476; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453312; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This report is the Phase I final report of the National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP) project (Project Number 4-94-1) to evaluate world-class shipbuilders’ existing CAD/CAM/CIM system implementations. Five U.S. shipyards participated in this study along with personnel from University of Michigan, Proteus Engineering, and Cybo Robots. Project participants have backgrounds in design, computer-aided design (CAD), manufacturing processes, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), production planning, and computer-integrated manufacturing/management (CIM). The results of this evaluation provided the basis for the CAD/CAM/CIM Workshop presented in conjunction with the 1996 Ship Production Symposium, and will be used as background in Phase II of the project to develop requirements for future shipbuilding CAD/CAM/CIM systems. DTIC Computer Aided Design; Computer Aided Manufacturing; Marine Technology; Ships 20060048716 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends Bergey, John; Dietrich, Sven; Firesmith, Donald; Forrester, Eileen; Jordan, Angel; Kazman, Rick; Lewis, Grace; Lipson, Howard; Mead, Nancy; Morris, Ed; Oct 2004; 106 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453372; CMU/SEI-2004-TR-018; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453372; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy Each year, the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) undertakes several Independent Research and Development (IR&D) projects. These projects serve to (1) support feasibility studies investigating whether further work by the SEI would be of potential benefit, and (2) support further exploratory work to determine whether there is sufficient value in eventually funding the feasibility study work as an SEI initiative. Projects are chosen based on their potential to mature and/or transition software engineering practices, develop information that will help in deciding whether further work is worth funding, and set new directions for SEI work. This report describes the IR&D projects that were conducted during fiscal year 2004 (October 2003 through September 2004). In addition, this report provides information on what the SEI has learned in its role as a technology scout for developments over the past year in the field of software engineering. DTIC Computer Programming; Research; Software Engineering; Technology Assessment; Universities 20060048718 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture for Feedback Control of Software Performance Zhang, Ronghua; Lu, Chenyang; Abdelzaher, Tarek F; Jan 2002; 11 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-01-C-1905; N00014-01-1-0576 Report No.(s): AD-A453374; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453374; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 296

Attainment of software performance assurances in open, largely unpredictable environments has recently become an important focus for real-time research. Unlike closed embedded systems, many contemporary distributed real-time applications operate in environments where offered load and available resources suffer considerable random fluctuations, thereby complicating the performance assurance problem. Feedback control theory has recently been identi- fied as a promising analytic foundation for controlling performance of such unpredictable, poorly modeled software systems, the same way other engineering disciplines have used this theory for physical process control. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of ControlWare, a middleware QoS-control architecture based on control theory, motivated by the needs of performance-assured Internet services. It offers a new type of guarantees we call convergence guarantees that lie between hard and probabilistic guarantees. The efficacy of the architecture in achieving its QoS goals under realistic load conditions is demonstrated in the context of web server and proxy QoS management. DTIC Applications Programs (Computers); Architecture (Computers); Computer Programming; Feedback Control; Software Engineering 20060048719 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: What We Learned Chrissis, Mary Beth; Konrad, Mike; Shrum, Sandy; Smith, Kenneth; Wemyss, Gian; Oct 2004; 62 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453376; CMU/SEI-2004-SR-008; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453376; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report summarizes the results of the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) Interpretive Guidance Project. It summarizes and analyzes the 7500 comments received regarding CMMI adoption that were reported by CMMI users and potential users. It also describes the actions being taken by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) to address the issues identified by Interpretive Guidance Project participants. Although the initial goal of the project was to develop interpretive guidance, after data gathering and analysis the team realized that most respondents’ issues did not require interpretive guidance. Based on a relatively small number of comments, interpretive guidance was planned, including papers, frequently asked questions (FAQs), and new CMMI courses. However, participant comments clearly showed CMMI interpretive guidance to be less of an adoption issue than suspected. Some comments covered issues already being addressed as part of SEI activities, including the development of Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPISM) Class B and C methods, the collection of cost and benefit information, and the creation and improvement of CMMI training courses. The majority (approximately 80%) of the actionable comments received were best handled as change requests to help guide the ongoing improvement of the CMMI Product Suite. DTIC Computer Programming; Software Engineering 20060048749 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) and Final Design Review (FDR) Criteria Lapham, Mary A; Jun 2006; 41 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453489; CMU/SEI-2006-TN-023; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453489; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Many Department of Defense (DoD) development programs, such as aircraft development programs, are typically complex and long-lived. Often, these programs are structured to demonstrate significant capability in the form of prototypes, which may be additionally intended to provide lingering operational capability. As such, technology development activities frequently include design reviews known as the Initial Design Review (IDR) and the Final Design Review (FDR) that are not present in most other systems acquisitions. IDR and FDR content is not explicitly defined in regulations or policies; rather, it is defined by the program office. However, since IDR and FDR are the Technology Development phase’s equivalent to Preliminary Design Review and Critical Design Review, this technical note proposes that they should have similar criteria, scaled for Technology Development work. This technical note presents definitions of IDR and FDR, their context in the acquisition life cycle, a comparison of engineering emphasis during IDR and FDR, IDR and FDR pre- and postconditions, and IDR and FDR criteria and how to apply them. The audiences for this technical note are managers and developers of medium to large DoD systems that employ technology that is not mature enough to transition directly to systems development. DTIC Computer Programming; Design Analysis; Procurement; Project Management; Prototypes; Software Engineering 297

20060048750 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Control System Design for a Flexible Arm Wang, Li-Sheng; Jan 1987; 91 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453491; SRC-TR-87-164; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453491; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy In this thesis, the author studies the problem of real-time control of a flexible arm. He has investigated techniques for compensating the effects of friction and ripple torque. New software was written to use a Metrabyte Data Acquisition and Control board for the real-time implementation. A controller-observer scheme was used together with integral feedback. In the design of feedback gains, a newly developed package called CONSOLE was used. After translating the continuous-time design to the discrete-system and before implementation, a package called SIMNON was used to do the simulation of the whole system and to explore the effect of different sampling rates. The experiments done so far imply that the schemes used here are sound for real-time control of flexible structures. DTIC Computer Aided Design; Control; Control Systems Design; Real Time Operation; Robots 20060048752 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Capacity in Binary Neural Networks Dayhoff, Judith E; Palmadesso, Peter J; Dec 21, 1994; 61 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-90-K-2010; NSF-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A453495; ISR-TR-95-82; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453495; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The wide repertoire of attractors and basins of attraction that appear in dynamic neural networks not only serve as models of brain activity patterns, but they also create possibilities for new computational paradigms that use attractors and their basins. To develop such computational paradigms, it is first critical to assess neural network capacity for attractors and for differing basins of attraction, depending on the number of neurons and the weights. In this paper, the authors analyze the attractors and basins of attraction for recurrent, fully-connected single layer binary networks. They utilize the network transition graph -- a graph that shows all transitions from one state to another for a given neural network -- to show all oscillations and fixed-point attractors, along with the basins of attraction. Conditions are shown whereby pairs of transitions are possible from the same neural network. They derive a lower bound for the number of transition graphs possible, 2(exp n2-n), for an n-neuron network. Simulation results show a wide variety of transition graphs and basins of attraction; sometimes networks have more attractors than neurons. The authors count thousands of basin classes -- networks with differing basins of attraction -- in networks with as few as five neurons. Dynamic networks show promise for overcoming the limitations of static neural networks by use of dynamic attractors and their basins. The results show that dynamic networks have a high capacity for basin classes, can have more attractors than neurons, and have more stable basin boundaries than in the Hopfield associative memory. DTIC Binary Data; Central Processing Units; Computer Networks; Computerized Simulation; Neural Nets 20060048757 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organizations: A Preliminary Report Dodson, Kathryn M; Hofmann, Hubert F; Ramani, Gowri S; Yedlin, Deborah K; Fisher, Matthew J; Kost, Keith; Jun 2006; 413 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453524; CMU/SEI-2006-SR-005; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453524; Avail.: CASI: A18, Hardcopy CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) is a collection of best practices that helps organizations improve their processes. It was initially developed by a product team from Industry, U.S. government and the Software Engineering Institute for application to process improvement in the development of products and services covering the entire product life cycle from conceptualization through maintenance and disposal. Following the success of CMMI models for development organizations, the need was identified for a CMMI model addressing the acquisition environment. This need was reinforced and gained further attention due to similar needs expressed by General Motors (GM), which acquires information technology (IT) solutions. Aligned with GM’s strategy, GM projects or programs develop requirements and design constraints and oversee multiple suppliers that develop IT solutions and then deploy the resulting products and services into one or more of GM’s business units. This approach parallels the acquisition processes used in many government organizations. General Motors, in collaboration with the SEI and with approval of the CMMI Sponsors and Steering Group, sponsored the development of an 298

initial draft CMMI for Acquisition (CMMI-ACQ) constellation, which will lead to a CMMI-based acquisition model formally accepted by both government and industry after piloting of the initial draft CMMI-ACQ has been completed. This draft is based on the CMMI Version 1.2 architecture and framework which incorporates the concept of constellations, which are groupings of components to support a specific model application such as Development (DEV) or Acquisition (ACQ). DTIC Acquisition; Commerce

20060048776 Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN USA Web-based Open Tool Integration Framework Karsai, G; May 2006; 48 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-02-2-0202; Proj-MOBI Report No.(s): AD-A453582; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453582; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The OTIF project described in this report addressed the problem of building integrated design tool chains for embedded system development. The project has developed, implemented, and applied an open tool integration framework that provides a software infrastructure for building specific tool integration solutions. The framework is based on reusable components and industry-standard protocols, and uses metamodeling and model transformation technology to facilitate the tool integration task. The report summarizes the technological contributions of the project, and the actual prototype tool chains constructed. DTIC Architecture (Computers); Internets; Software Development Tools

20060048779 Intelligent Electronics, Arlington, VA USA Expressive Threat Detection Validation Framework Schrag, Robert; Goldfedder, Brandon; Jun 2006; 49 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-05-C-0092; Proj-EAGL Report No.(s): AD-A453605; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453605; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Under this project IET has developed a performance evaluation laboratory that consists of a synthetic dataset generator, a postprocessor to load generated data into relational databases, and a hypothesis scorer. The objective of this effort was to generate synthetic data sets for the counter terrorism domain to support objective performance of existing threat detection tools/technology. The generator can generate a file with 100,000 individuals and 1,000,000 observable transactions in about 12 minutes. The generator has over 100 different parameters that may be varied to make the link discovery problem easier or harder in specific ways. This massively parameterized problem space supports flexible experimentation that can address the following kinds of questions: What problem characteristics most influence a given technology’s performance? What is the observed capabilities envelope of a given technology across the parameterized problem space? What performance can we predict for a given technology on a dataset with given characteristics? DTIC Data Processing Equipment; Detection; Software Development Tools

20060048919 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufacture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Manufacture of Submarine Hulls West, Harry; Gallo, Mike; Sep 1989; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453645; NSRP-0310; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A computer graphics based advisory system has been developed to aid in the design and manufacture of submarine hulls. The design and manufacture advisor incorporates models of the materials (steel) and processes (bump forming roll bending. welding and fixturing) used for the manufacture of the hulls and allows the user to explore the effect of different material qualities (described in terms of variances of thickness and yield strength) and different manufacturing parameters (punch penetration punch spacing and number of fixtures for example) on the resulting quality (circuliuity) of the hull section. By Designing through Manufacture in this way the resulting design of the submarine hull section is not just a geometric representation of the desired shape of the hull but incorporates explicit information about the materials and processes used to 299

create the shape and of the quality that results from the designer!5 choice of materials and processes. DTIC Computer Aided Design; Computer Aided Manufacturing; Computer Techniques; Conferences; Hulls (Structures); Marine Technology; Ships 20060048949 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architectures and Motion Control Manikonda, Vikram; Krishnaprasad, P S; Hendler, James; Jan 1997; 30 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL03-92-G0121; N00014-J-91-1451 Report No.(s): AD-A453760; ISR-TR-97-33; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper, the authors put forth a framework that integrates features of reactive planning models with modern control-theory-based approaches to motion control of robots. They introduce a motion description language, MDLe, that provides a formal basis for robot programming using behaviors, and at the same time permits incorporation of kinematic and dynamic models of robots given in the form of differential equations. In particular, behaviors for robots are formalized in terms of kinetic state machines, a motion description language, and the interaction of the kinetic state machine with real-time information from (limited range) sensors. This formalization allows them to create a mathematical basis for the study of such systems, including techniques for integrating sets of behaviors. In addition, they suggest optimality criteria for comparing both atomic and compound behaviors in various environments. They demonstrate the use of MDLe in the area of motion planning for nonholonomic robots. Such models impose limitations on stabilization via smooth feedback. Piecing together open loop and closed loop trajectories becomes essential in these circumstances, and MDLe enables one to describe such piecing together in a systematic manner. A reactive planner using the formalism of the paper is described. The authors also demonstrate obstacle avoidance with limited range sensors as a test of this planner. DTIC Collision Avoidance; Control; Languages; Motion; Programming Languages; Robots 20060048968 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Software Architecture of PSET: A Page Segmentation Evaluation Toolkit Mao, Song; Kanungo, Tapas; Sep 2000; 20 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA-9049-6C-1250; 9802167270 Report No.(s): AD-A453815; LAMP-TR-058; CAR-TR-955; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Architecture (Computers); Segments 20060048991 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA Solving Integer Programs With Enumeration Cutting Planes Boyd, E A; Mar 1992; 23 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSF-DDM91-01578 Report No.(s): AD-A453863; TR-92-08; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A cutting plane technique with applicability to the solution of general integer programs is presented and the computational value of this technique is demonstrated by applying it to a collection of seven difficult integer programs arising from real-world applications. Four of the seven problems are solved to optimality without the aid of branch and bound, and six of the seven problems have the gap between the value of the integer program and its linear programming relaxation closed by over 98%. DTIC Cutting; Enumeration; Integers; Linear Programming 20060048992 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA On the Formulation and Theory of the Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlinear Programming El-Bakry, A S; Tapia, Richard A; Zhang, Y; Tsuchiya, T; Apr 1995; 40 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0363; DAAL03-90-G-0093 Report No.(s): AD-A453865; TR-92-40; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this work we first study in detail the formulation of the primal-dual interior- point method for linear programming. We show that, contrary to popular belief, it cannot be viewed as the damped Newton method applied to the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions for the logarithmic barrier function problem. Next we extend the formulation to general nonlinear programming, 300

and then validate this extension by demonstrating that this algorithm can be implemented so that it is locally and Q-quadratically convergent under only the standard Newton’s method assumptions. We also establish a global convergence theory for this algorithm and include promising numerical experimentation. DTIC Linear Programming; Newton Methods; Nonlinear Programming 20060048993 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Performance: Predicting Shooting Performance with Advanced Distributed Learning Assessments Chung, Gregory K; Cruz, Girlie C De La; Vries, Linda F de; Kim, Jin-Ok; Bewley, William L; Souza e Silva, Adriana A de; Sylvester, Roxanne M; Baker, Eva L; Mar 2004; 293 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-02-1-0179 Report No.(s): AD-A453871; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A13, Hardcopy The UCLA National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST) conducted research on assessment models and tools designed to support Naval distance learning (DL), with application to USMC marksmanship training. CRESST examined the role of cognitive and non-cognitive variables in the prediction of rifle marksmanship performance in a series of studies. The evidence suggests a knowledge component to shooting performance, and differences in knowledge of rifle marksmanship between participants’ pre-classroom training and post-classroom training, between more experienced participants and less experienced participants, between high performers and low performers, and between higher aptitude and lower aptitude participants. Knowledge measures can predict record-fire scores moderately in less experienced samples, and when combined with other variables within the stages-of-skill-processing framework, can predict record-fire scores as well as scores from a rifle simulator. DTIC Performance Prediction; Rifles 20060049003 Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT USA Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in Engineering Drawing Analysis Henderson, Thomas C; Oct 10, 2003; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD91-01-1-0013 Report No.(s): AD-A453887; UUCS-03-018; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Domain knowledge permeates all aspects of the engineering drawing analysis process, including understanding the physical processes operating on the medium (i.e., paper), the image analysis techniques, and the interpretation semantics of the structural layout and contents of the drawing. Additionally, an understanding of the broader reverse engineering context, within which the drawing analysis takes place, should be exploited. Thus as part of a wider project on the reverse engineering of legacy systems, we have developed an agent-based engineering analysis system called NDAS (nonDeterministic Agent System). DTIC Engineering Drawings; Expert Systems; Information Management; Knowledge Representation 20060049008 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, San Diego, CA USA Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for Enhanced Signal Processing Brown, Alison; May, Marvin; Tanju, Barry; Jan 2000; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453898; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) In this paper the architecture of a software GPS receiver is described and an analysis is included of the performance of a software GPS receiver when tracking the GPS signals in challenging environments. Results are included which demonstrate the advantage of the software GPS receiver in tracking the GPS signals in low signal-to-noise or jamming scenarios. Various current and previous applications of the software GPS receiver are also described. DTIC Computer Programs; Global Positioning System; Receivers; Signal Processing 20060049009 George Washington Univ., Washington, DC USA An Integrated Approach to Motion and Sound Hahn, James K; Geigel, Joe; Lee, Jong W; Gritz, Larry; Takala, Tapio; Mishra, Suneil; Jan 1995; 29 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-94-K-2009 Report No.(s): AD-A453903; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 301

Until recently, sound has been given little attention in computer graphics and related domains of computer animation and virtual environments, although sounds which are properly synchronized to motion provide a great deal of information about events in the environment. Sounds are often not properly synchronized because the sounds and the phenomena that caused the sounds are not considered in an integrated way. In this paper, we present an integrated approach to motion and sound as it applies to computer animation and virtual environments. The key to this approach is synchronization by mapping the motion parameters to sound parameters so that the sound changes as a result of changes in the motion. This is done by representing sounds using a technique for functional composition analogous to the ‘shade trees’ which we call timbre trees. These timbre trees are used as a part of a sound description language that is analogous to scene description languages like RenderMan. Using this methodology, we have produced convincing sound effects for a wide variety of animated scenes including the automatic generation of background music. DTIC Acoustics; Computer Graphics; Motion 20060049011 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA CRESST Human Performance Knowledge Mapping System Chung, Gregory K; Michiuye, Joanne K; Brill, David G; Sinha, Ravi; Saadat, Farzad; de Vries, Linda F; Delacruz, Girlie C; Bewley, William L; Baker, Eva L; Dec 2002; 95 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-02-1-0179 Report No.(s): AD-A453905; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The UCLA National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST) designed and developed a knowledge mapping tool intended to measure content understanding. This report presents a review of knowledge mapping scoring methods and current online mapping systems, and the overall design, functionality, scoring, usability testing, and authoring capabilities of the CRESST system. While several tools exist that are available to construct knowledge maps, CRESST’s knowledge mapping tool is one of the only systems designed specifically for assessment purposes, the only system that can support multiple assessment formats, and the only system with an empirical research base. Limitations of the system and possible next steps are discussed. DTIC Human Performance 20060049012 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA An Integrated Virtual Environment System Hahn, James K; Gritz, Larry; Darken, Rudolph; Geigel, Joseph; Lee, Jong W; Jan 1993; 17 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-91-K-2003 Report No.(s): AD-A453906; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Virtual environment research involves a number of related problems from a variety of domains. A joint research at the George Washington University and the Naval Research Laboratory is bringing together issues from these domains to study the factors that contribute to an integrated virtual environment. The research can be divided into three general categories: human factors, motion control, and sound synchronization. Human factors issues involve the development of new paradigms for movement and navigation, essential for performance of general tasks in virtual spaces. Novel approaches to motion control are being explored to help users of virtual environments interact and control virtual objects. This involves both interactive control as well as automation through evolutionary approaches. The sounds being generated as a result of these motions are modeled with compositional techniques to parameterize and synchronize them to the events in the environment. The research is being approached from both a fundamental point of view typical of an academic environment as well as from an application oriented point of view of interest to the Navy. The cooperative relationship has benefited both the George Washington University and the Naval Research Laboratory. DTIC Acoustics; Motion; Systems Integration; Virtual Reality 20060049118 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Immigration: Analysis of the Major Provisions of the REAL ID Act of 2005 Garcia, Michael J; Lee, Margaret M; Talelman, Todd; May 25, 2005; 49 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453701; CRS-RL32754; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy During the 108th Congress, a number of proposals related to immigration and identification-document security were 302

introduced, some of which were considered in the context of implementing recommendations made by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the USA (also known as the 9/11 Commission) and enacted pursuant to the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-458). At the time that the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was adopted, some congressional leaders reportedly agreed to revisit certain immigration and documentsecurity issues in the 109th Congress that had been dropped from the final version of the act. DTIC Identifying; Security 20060049163 Maribor Univ., Maribor, Slovenia Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern Realizations Beloglavec, Simon; Hericko, Marjan; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 71-76; In Slovene; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Using design patterns in the process of developing object-oriented software has become mandatory for experienced engineers. The proven knowledge that is contained in design patterns is mapped into a software design through pattern realization. Pattern realization updates the design with changes in the object’s structure and inter-object communication. All design patterns allow a variety of acceptable realizations. In a specific solution domain, some realizations prove to be more suitable than others. The level of suitability can be determined with the help of software design metrics. The metric scores reveal the quality attributes of the updated design. Through the gathering and comparison of the metric scores the appropriate realizations can be determined. The number of possible realizations for the design pattern can be significantly high and the execution of such tasks is not always feasible for projects with tight schedules. The selection of effective realizations depends on the experiences of a software engineer. Continuous support during the selection process can help less experienced engineers build better software designs. This support should provide a comparison for selecting pattern realizations in an acceptable amount of time. The presented approach makes use of concurrency and networking mechanisms in the Java software-platform, which enables evaluation of design pattern realizations in reasonable time. Acceptable pattern realization should be specified for each design pattern. For this purpose we present the formal specification for design patterns with the TLA+ specification language. This specification clearly specifies allowable changes of internal pattern elements. With this additional pattern information, possible pattern realization can be generated and evaluated by a support tool. The concurrent evaluation that is performed on multiple network nodes ensures acceptable response times. We present a prototype for the support tool developed during the research. Author Object-Oriented Programming; Software Development Tools; Software Engineering; Computer Programs; Java (Programming Language) 20060049169 Maribor Univ., Maribor, Slovenia Object-Oriented Design and Implementation of Computer Chess Boskovic, Borko; Brest, Janez; Zumer, Viljem; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 31-37; In Slovene; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The paper presents an object-oriented design and implementation of a chess program written in Java. It enables adding and testing additional representations of the game and search algorithms. This includes representation of chess game in the computer and search algorithms used in the developed chess program. The program which was tested with test positions and human chess players, solves many test positions and achieves positive scores with amateur chess players. Key words: chess program, object-oriented design end implementation, representation of the chess game, search algorithm, testing chess program Author Algorithms; Object-Oriented Programming; Java (Programming Language); Games; Computer Programs 20060049205 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Investigating the Applicability of Architecture Description in Configuration Management and Software Deployment Hoek, Andre van der; Heimbigner, Dennis; Wolf, Alexander L; Sep 1998; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-94-C-0253; F30602-98-2-0163 Report No.(s): AD-A453899; CU-CS-862-98; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453899; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The discipline of software architecture has traditionally been concerned with high-level design. In particular, a variety of 303

architecture description languages have been developed that are used to precisely capture a design. Additionally, analysis tools have been constructed that are used to verify particular properties of a design. However, today’s trend towards the development of component-based software seems to suggest a new use of software architecture. Because an architecture captures components and the connections among them, it could potentially be used as an organizing abstraction for many of the activities in the software life cycle. In this paper we present an initial investigation into the feasibility of such use. In particular, we closely examine the role system modeling plays in the fields of configuration management and software deployment, and relate this role to the system modeling capabilities of architecture description languages. The outcome of this investigation is twofold. First, we conclude that, for the specific cases of configuration management and software deployment, the use of software architecture brings opportunities to significantly extend the provided functionality. Second, we present requirements for a number of extensions to typical architecture description languages that are needed to make our approach viable. DTIC Computer Programming; Computer Systems Programs; Configuration Management; Deployment; Software Engineering 20060049264 Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Jersey City, NJ USA Ship Production Symposium Held in Seattle, Washington on August 24-26, 1988 (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Aug 1988; 245 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454025; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454025; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) No abstract available Conferences; Marine Technology; Ships 20060049278 Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC USA Harnessing Simulation of Naval Shipyards White, Cynthia V; Sep 1989; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454059; NSRP-0310; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454059; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Computer Aided Design; Marine Technology; Ships; Shipyards; Simulation 20060049305 Litton Systems, Inc., Pascagoula, MS USA User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Software (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Shields, III, R V; Aug 1987; 13 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454137; NSRP-0281; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454137; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Great emphasis has been attached to the achievement of productivity and producibility benefits through the application of Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies. To ensure the achievement of these benefits its. it is important that the end user have appropriate software and is able to use it to his advantage. The proper procurement, customization, installation, training and implementation of software can play a significant role in the effectiveness of CAD/CAM. DTIC Computer Aided Design; Computer Aided Manufacturing; Computer Programs; Marine Technology; Ships 20060049307 Litton Systems, Inc., Pascagoula, MS USA Applications of Digital Transfer of Computer Aided Design Data for Production Usage (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Streiff, M A; Cada, D G; Aug 1987; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454140; NSRP-0281; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454140; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper addresses efforts to provide the capability to transfer data between Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems currently in use on the CG 47 contract. The paper will discuss experience with the use of Initial Graphic Exchange Specification (IGES) and direct translators. The pros and cons of both approaches will be addressed. The issue of transferring 304

data between the two different hull design and lofting systems in use in shipbuilding is explored. DTIC Computer Aided Design; Digital Computers; Marine Technology; Ships

20060049318 Belgian Defense, Belgium Improving Military Recruit Quality Through Smart Classification Technology Lescreve, Francois; Oct 2002; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454178; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454178; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The purpose of this research effort was to demonstrate the benefits of using sophisticated batch classification methods to improve the quality of enlisted Military personnel. In order to reach the objective, this project used the Belgian Psychometric Model as a technology demonstrator. The aim was to use this system with actual selection data from different countries to show that it can improve the quality of the enlisted persons through smart classification. In this report we review three datasets originating from respectively Portugal, Spain and the USA. The table below illustrates the core of what is meant by the title of this research project. The two compared classification methods deal with the same applicants for the same vacancies. Both methods fill the vacancies. Yet, the available indicators of the Military recruit quality (in this example, the relevant composite scores) are significantly better when the classification is done by a snrart classification system such as the Psychometric Model. DTIC Batch Processing; Classifications; Psychometrics

20060049329 Aquatic Nuisance Species Program, Vicksburg, MS USA Utility of Niche Models in Developing Site Assessments Technologies Associated With Aquatic Nuisance Species Invasions at Corps Facilities Shearer, Judy F; Jul 2006; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454221; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454221; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The rate of invasive species introductions into the USA has steadily increased over the past 20 years. Coupled with ever-increasing human activity has been a steady increase in movement of invasive species resulting in many introductions of species into new landscapes (National Invasive Species Council (NISC) 2001). These introductions can pose serious threats to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) installations and projects and their impact is only expected to worsen. This article summarizes some new and novel approaches to invasion biology that can be used to predict species movements across broad geographic regions and local landscapes. DTIC Computerized Simulation; Marine Biology

20060049332 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Composable Simulations Kasputis, Stephen; Ng, Henry C; Jan 2000; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454233; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454233; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy While there has been much attention paid to the applications of Modeling and Simutlation (M&S) by DoD lately little has been done to address those broad technology areas that enable application-oriented simulations to be more easily constructed, run and analyzed. Model Composabilty is the ability to compose models/modules across a variety of application domains levels of resolution and time scales. A composability framework for simuations offers a quantum leap in capability and provides the sought after ease of use. However, composability is still a frontier subject in Modeling and Simulation and current capability is limited. While mdel reuse is close to the Holy Grail of M&S the goal is not within sight. We are discovering that unless models are designed to work together they don’t (at least not easily and cost effectively). Without a robust, theoretically grounded framework for design we are consigned to repeat this problem for the foreseeable future. This position paper outlines the challenges and basic researches that are needed for composable simulation developments. DTIC Computerized Simulation; Simulation 305

20060049335 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Commercial GPS Receiver Through Software Approach (Preprint) Lin, David M; Tsui, James B; Liou, Lee; Schamus, John; Jan 2004; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-7622 Report No.(s): AD-A454242; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454242; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper reports sensitivity improvement of a stationary GPS receiver using software GPS approach. The experiments were conducted using both simulated and real GPS signals. The sensitivity improvement can be as much as 10 dB. This paper discusses the software algorithms developed to perform the code acquisition and tracking that enabled the sensitivity improvement. The commercial GPS receiver has an unusual sampling frequency of 5.455657x106 Hz. The paper will discuss techniques used to handle such odd sampling rate in the software algorithms, also, the determination of the time skew (fine time) between clock phase and initial phase of C/A code when working with this odd sampling rate. The techniques discussed in this paper is not only limited to work with the specific commercial receiver. They can be applied to software receiver with any sampling frequency. Experimental set up and procedures used to evaluate the sensitivity improvements are also discussed. DTIC Coding; Computer Programs; Global Positioning System; Low Cost; Receivers; Sensitivity 20060049351 Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR USA Machine Learning for the Knowledge Plane Jun 2006; 66 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-03-2-0191; Proj-Q274 Report No.(s): AD-A454287; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454287; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy In 2003, Dave Clark (MIT) proposed a new abstract internet layer called the Knowledge Plane (KP) whose purpose is to support network applications such as general fault management, self configuration, and performance management that require distributed, self-aware cognitive processing. The heart of this idea is to combine techniques from machine learning with new architectural concepts in networking to make the internet self-aware and self-managing. This will require revolutionary advances in both statistical learning methods and network protocol design and implementation. We performed pilot work on the machine learning portion of the Knowledge Plane. This consisted of three components: (a) we wrote a document formulating the various learning tasks that will arise within the Knowledge Plane and within KP applications, (b) we worked with networking researchers to design several KP scenarios for purposes of developing a new DARPA-funded KP program, and (c) we participated in DARPA working meetings and planning workshops to help finalize the proposed KP program. DTIC Cognition; Knowledge Based Systems; Learning; Machine Learning 20060049367 MDC Ltd., UK The Use of Computers in Advancing Group Technology (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Stewart, Eric W; Aug 1988; 13 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454322; NSRP-0298; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454322; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) When introducing product oriented work breakdown techniques as a means of defining work within a shipyard, it is worthwhile considering the use of computers, and how they may be utilized, to improve the success of the task. This document addresses experiences gained and reflects on the systems in place in some of the shipyards within the UK. DTIC Computer Aided Manufacturing; Computers; Marine Technology; Ships 20060049370 Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., VA USA The Information Flow Requirements of the Design and Procurement Processes of Shipbuilding Programs Jun 1989; 87 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTMA91-84-C-41043 Report No.(s): AD-A454325; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454325; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy 306

The principle purpose of the work was to develop the tools that are necessary for integrating the schedules by which drawings are developed and equipment is procured in shipyards which use modern modular construction practices in their shipbuilding, repair or overhaul projects. DTIC Computer Aided Manufacturing; Industrial Management; Information Flow; Marine Technology; Procurement; Ships 20060049394 Henry (J. J.) Co., Inc., Portsmouth, VA USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle Measurement for Inclining Experiments Chen, Victor Y; Weinrich, Peter K; Aug 1990; 11 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454367; NSRP-0320; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454367; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This paper examines the application of the latest in precision electronic angle measurement instrumentation, combined with portable computer technology, to the measurement of the angles of inclination during inclining experiments. The Computerized Angle Measurement System (CAMS), developed by ITS Inc., will be described as to its configuration and function including the methods used in data acquisition to enhance both its ease of use and accuracy of the results. The software for data acquisition will also be discussed. The CAMS will be compared to traditional pendulums and mechanical tangent inclinometers in the areas of accuracy, cost, and ease of use. CAMS will be shown to be a very accurate, cost effective, and easy to use tool for angle measurement during inclining experiments. DTIC Angles (Geometry); Computer Techniques; Conferences; Marine Technology; Measurement; Ships 20060049431 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA CMMI for Development, Version 1.2 Aug 2006; 573 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A454460; CMU/SEI-2006-TR-008; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454460; Avail.: CASI: A24, Hardcopy CMMI for Development (CMMI-DEV) Version 1.2 is an upgrade of CMMI-SE/SW/IPPD/SS Version 1.1. The focus of the CMMI Version 1.2 effort is on improving the quality of CMMI products and the consistency of how they are applied. This report represents the model portion of the CMMI Product Suite. Other portions of the CMMI Product Suite include the SCAMPI A appraisal method and the Introduction to CMMI training course. CMMI now includes the concept of CMMI constellations. A constellation is a set of CMMI components designed to meet the needs of a specific area of interest. A constellation can produce one or more related CMMI models and related appraisal and training materials. CMMI for Development is the first of these constellations. This report contains the two models that comprise the CMMI for Development constellation: the CMMI for Development and CMMI for Development +IPPD models. The report consists of three parts. Part one is the overview which describes CMMI concepts model components and guidance on using the CMMI Product Suite. Part two contains the generic goals and practices and process areas which are used by organizations to improve their development processes. Part three contains references acronyms project participants and a glossary. DTIC Computer Programming; Computer Programs; Life (Durability); Software Engineering 20060049432 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Techniques for Developing an Acquisition Strategy by Profiling Software Risks Ward, Mary C; Elm, Joseph P; Kushner, Susan; Aug 2006; 136 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A454461; CMU/SEI-2006-TR-002; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454461; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy The goal of acquisition planning is to create a roadmap that a program can follow to maximize its chances of successfully fielding a system that meets users needs within cost and on schedule Developing an acquisition strategy is a key component of acquisition planning that provides a means of addressing risks through the program structure Programs need structured ways to reason about software risks formulate acquisition strategies to mitigate software risk and evaluate their current acquisition strategy in an ongoing systematic manner This report introduces a taxonomy of strategy drivers and strategy elements and 307

provides a method for per- forming a comparative analysis of the strategy drivers and the resulting strategic choices for the elements The primary audience for this technical report and the accompanying Excel-based tool is program managers of government acquisition programs The main prerequisite for successfully using this information is working knowledge of government acquisition practices. DTIC Acquisition; Computer Programs; Risk; Security 20060049437 Imperial Coll. of Science and Technology, London, UK Distributed Compression in Camera Sensor Networks Dragotti, Pier L; Feb 13, 2006; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-04-1-3061 Report No.(s): AD-A454468; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454468; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This report results from a contract tasking Imperial College London as follows: This effort will address a distributed compression problem using information theoretic methods originating in the work of Slepian and Wolf for lossless compression and extended by Wyner and Ziv to the case of lossy compression of continuous-valued sources. The theories developed in these papers are non-constructive and rely on asymptotic random coding arguments. Constructive designs of encoders for the distributed compression problem based on channel codes have been subsequently proposed with applicability to sensor networks. However, in a realistic context the statistics of the source are not known a-priori and channels codes such as turbo or trellis codes might be too complicated in this context. This effort will make use of the correlation structure of the data given by the plenoptic function in the case of multi-camera systems. In many cases the structure of the plenoptic function can be estimated without requiring inter-sensor communications, but by using some a-priori global geometrical information. Once the structure of the plenoptic function has been predicted, it is possible to develop specific distributed compression algorithms that do not require the use of complicated channel codes. This effort will develop techniques to predict the structure of the plenoptic function and develop very simple and efficient distributed compression algorithms derived from a design of a new fully distributed image compression scheme for multi-view images. The algorithm will be implemented in Matlab or C and will operate on some sets of pre-selected multi-view images. Commented MatLab psuedo-code and or C code will be provided with any executables demonstrating the algorithms. DTIC Cameras; Coding; Data Compression; Image Processing 20060049587 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the CM-200 and CM-5 Parallel Supercomputers McBryan, Oliver A; Dec 1992; 15 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0422; ASC92-17394 Report No.(s): AD-A454596; CU-CS-634-92; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We describe the implementation of a fluid dynamical benchmark on two Thinking Machines Corporation parallel computers - the 65,536 processor CM-200 computer and the 1024-node CM-5 computer. The benchmark, the Shallow Water Equations, is frequently used as a model for both oceanographic and atmospheric circulation. We describe the steps involved in implementing the algorithm on the computers and we provide details of resulting performance. We have measured 5.2 Gflops (64-bit arithmetic) and 8.1 Gflops (32-bit) on the CM-200 while the CM-5 delivers 22.1 Gflops (64-bit) and 24 Gflops (32-bit). For comparison, performance of 1.53 Gflops was measured for the same algorithm on the CRAY Y-MP/8, 1.28 Gflops on the 256-node SUPRENUM-1 and 0.54 Gflops was measured on the 128-node Intel iPSC/860. DTIC Flow Equations; Fluid Dynamics; Shallow Water; Supercomputers 20060049588 Stottler Henke Associates, Inc., San Mateo, CA USA Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring System (TAO ITS) Stottler, Richard H; Vinkavich, Michael; Jan 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454597; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The U.S. Navy’s Surface Warfare Officers School (SWOS) in Rhode Island is pioneering the use of a low-cost, simulation-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS) as part of its Tactical Action Officer (TAO) training program to train Navy officers in high-level tactical skills. This software was designed and built for SWOS for use on standard PCs, and the Navy 308

has a royalty-free license to use it. A key objective of the software is to increase the active training that officers receive to improve their ability to apply their conceptual knowledge of tactics. Early results from its use with two classes are encouraging and indicate that the software will succeed in this goal by enabling as much as a 10-fold increase in hands-on training. The software has three parts. First, there is a scenario generator, with which instructors -- with limited assistance from a programmer -- can create any number of simulated scenarios. These can be set in any part of the world, and populated with different surface and air platforms. Each individual platform is implemented as an ‘intelligent agent’ and can be given its own performance characteristics and behaviors. Second, there is the ITS, which presents selected scenarios to the student to practice different tactical concepts. The third part of the software is an instructor interface tool for instructors to review the students’ work with the tutoring system in detail. This paper describes what the TAO ITS can do and the benefits it can provide. It also includes an explanation of why the case-based reasoning technique was used in the software to reduce three problems commonly associated with intelligent tutoring systems: effective incorporation of subject expert knowledge in the software, cost, and development time. It also reviews SWOS’s experience with the software since its introduction, students’ opinions of the software, and ways in which future simulation-based ITSs might be improved based on SWOS’s experience. DTIC Artificial Intelligence; Computer Programs; Computerized Simulation; Education; Military Personnel; Personnel; Warfare 20060049591 Stottler Henke Associates, Inc., San Mateo, CA USA Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Without Programmers Davis, Alexander; Houlette, Ryan; Jan 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAB07-02-C-H801 Report No.(s): AD-A454603; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We have designed and prototyped a new software tool that will permit military planners to rapidly create wargaming systems customized for specific SASO missions without the assistance of a programmer. This tool (KAGES) possesses two major components: the authoring tool and the knowledge representation engine. The authoring component provides an intelligent, intuitive graphical user interface that can guide the user through the knowledge acquisition (KA) and simulation authoring process. By manipulating a palette of objects on a mission canvas, the user specifies the entities and domain knowledge necessary to fully describe a mission. KAGES is not simply a visual authoring tool, however. It collaborates with the user during authoring, drawing upon its built-in knowledge engineering expertise to extract the relevant information from the user and encode it. To help the user leverage the experience of past planners, KAGES also maintains a database of previously encoded domain knowledge from which it can dynamically retrieve and adapt elements to fit the current situational context. Of course, the system also allows advanced users to deactivate the intelligent assistance features and directly author missions in the underlying representation for maximum flexibility. In order to handle the complex data produced by the user interface, KAGES has at its core a knowledge representation engine designed for the codification of SASO domain knowledge. It is capable of managing all of the rules, facts, constraints, entities, and other elements that are pertinent to a particular mission, starting with METT-TP (Mission, Enemy, Troops, Terrain, Time, and Politics) and ranging all the way to social and cultural factors. The engine includes a compiler that can automatically generate wargaming scenarios from its internal knowledge structures, so that once a mission has been specified in KAGES, it can immediately be run as a simulation. DTIC Computerized Simulation; Knowledge Based Systems; Programmers; Simulation; Stability; War Games; Warfare 20060049598 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Appraisal Requirements for CMMI, Version 1.2 (ARC, V1.2) Aug 2006; 51 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A454612; CMU/SEI-2006-TR-011; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The Appraisal Requirements for CMMI (ARC) V1.2 defines the requirements considered essential to appraisal methods intended for use with Capability Maturity Model (tradmark) Integration (CMMI) (tradmark) models. In addition, a set of appraisal classes is defined, based on typical applications of appraisal methods. These classes are intended primarily for developers of appraisal methods to use with CMMI capability models in the context of the CMMI Product Suite. Appraisal methods, as used in this document, may be applied for different purposes, including assessments for internal process improvement and capability evaluations for supplier selection and process monitoring. This document defines the requirements for such methods, but not necessarily the conditions or constraints under which they might be applied. The approach employed to provide guidance to appraisal method developers is to define a class of typical applications of appraisal methods (which are based on years of experience in the process improvement community) called appraisal method classes. 309

Requirements are then allocated to each class as appropriate based on the attributes associated with that class. Thus, a particular appraisal method may be declared to be an ARC Class A, B, or C appraisal method. This designation implies the sets of ARC requirements that the method developer has addressed when designing the method. DTIC Computer Programming; Software Engineering; Systems Engineering

20060049603 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Incorporating Active and Multi-Database-State Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit Boucelma, O; Dalrymple, J; Doherty, M; Franchitti, J -C; Hull, R; King, R; Zhou, G; Jan 1995; 28 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-94-C-0253; NSF-IRI91-07055 Report No.(s): AD-A454618; CU-CS-769-95; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper describes how Amalgame, a CORBA-compliant toolkit that supports software and database integration, is extended to include two complementary services. These are (1) ‘Activeness’: In broad terms this is the ability to specify rule bases and execution models for them, possibly using a local persistent store; and (2) Multi-state Management: This provides the ability to easily manipulate and access multiple, simultaneous states of a database (or part of a database) and the deltas between them. A database programming language called Heraclitus[OO] (abbreviated H2O) is currently being implemented to support these services. Two example applications of these services are described: mediators for data integration, and enhancements to Amalgame to support sophisticated reasoning when combining and re-using interoperating software components. DTIC Data Bases; Elastic Properties; Interoperability; Software Development Tools

20060049604 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for Distributed Configuration Management Hoek, Andre van der; Heimbigner, Dennis; Wolf, Alexander L; Sep 1995; 16 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-94-C-0253 Report No.(s): AD-A454619; CU-CS-783-95; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Distributed configuration management is intended to support the activities of projects that span multiple sites. NUCM is a testbed that we are developing to help us explore the issues of distributed configuration management. NUCM separates configuration management repositories (i.e., the stores for versions of artifacts) from configuration management policies (i.e., the procedures by which the versions are manipulated) by providing a generic model of a distributed repository and an associated programmatic interface. This paper describes the model and the interface, presents an initial repository distribution mechanism, and sketches how NUCM can be used to implement two, rather different, configuration management policies, namely check-in/check-out and change sets. DTIC Computer Storage Devices; Configuration Management; Data Storage

20060049605 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA A Facilitator Method for Upstream Design Activities with Diverse Stakeholders Gonzales, Regina M; Wolf, Alexander L; Sep 1995; 15 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-94-C-0253 Report No.(s): AD-A454620; CU-CS-785-95; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper presents a method that can be used for the elicitation and specification of requirements and high-level design. It supports stakeholder-based modeling, rapid feasibility feedback to marketing, and the interpersonal dynamics that are necessary to develop a product. The method centers on the role of the facilitator, an independent agent whose purpose is to build the Integrated System Model (ISM). The ISM is the product of merging the independent system views from all stakeholders at any given abstraction level. Formulation of this method was based on the real-world experience of developing a complex, high-technology medical product with critical time-to-market pressures. It has proven to be a practical approach to the evolution of requirements definition and provides a necessary link to the marketing aspect of a product. DTIC Computer Aided Design; Marketing; Upstream 310

20060049606 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Designers and Their Tools: Computer Support for Domain Construction Sumner, Tamara R; Jan 1995; 217 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-94-C-6038 Report No.(s): AD-A454621; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy In today’s high-technology workforce, many designers work in dynamic and innovative domains such as user interface and software design. This thesis considers the problem of providing these designers with computational design support tools. It differs from other efforts in that the emphasis is on understanding and supporting the evolutionary patterns of change inherent in dynamic domains. The motivating problem investigated is flexibility, specifically: How can systems provide domain-specific support for short-term design activities yet still be flexible enough to accommodate long-term evolutionary patterns of change in the domain? Three empirical studies show how design communities gradually construct their domain by defining important domain objects, creating and evolving representations for viewing these objects, and establishing relationships between objects and representations. The observed design process is termed domain construction. Analyses of these studies are used to characterize the observed domain construction processes of use, elaboration, and modification. Design environments based on two computational models are analyzed in terms of these domain construction processes. The two computational models occupy seemingly different ends of the spectrum from support to flexibility. The Toolbelt model where practitioners assemble and evolve collections of generic software applications, seemingly offers more flexibility. The Domain-Oriented Design Environment model, where customized domain-oriented tools are created for a specific community, seemingly provides better support but is less flexible. These intuitions are investigated to better understand which aspects of a computational model (i.e., underlying data models, domain models, architectures, and integration services) help or hinder an environment’s overall flexibility. The results are used to develop recommendations for the next generation of design support environments. DTIC Computer Aided Design; Computers; Construction; Software Development Tools 20060049608 IMTEC Group Ltd., Atlanta, GA USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Measuring Systems for Increased Accuracy and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Repair Holmes, Michael D; Jan 1995; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454628; NSRP-0439; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Conventional measurement and alignment methods for shipbuilding and repair are no longer compatible with today’s technology. Measurements made with plumb bobs, taught wires, transits, optical- mechanical theodolites, levels and wooden templates, while adequate in many applications, are labor intensive and leave some redundancy with regard to accuracy. With the increased popularity and use of the personal computer during the 1980’s, several laser, electronic theodolite and photogrammetry based measurement technologies emerged. These methods require highly skilled workers, and although they increased the reliability of measurements, they are costly and again are labor intensive (Horsmon, 1991). This report describes two computer based measurement systems. Each system requires only a single operator to generate three dimensional coordinates rapidly and accurately. Each system measures in the spherical coordinate system of the instrument. The supporting software programs allow for the transformation of the measured data to the blue print values or object coordinate system. Data can be imported from CAD or lofting software for measuring or locating specific points of interest, or can be exported for comparison of as-built coordinates with design values. DTIC Accuracy; Computer Programs; Computer Techniques; Conferences; Marine Technology; Measurement; Productivity; Ships 20060049643 Air Force Research Lab., Edwards AFB, CA USA Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Near-Field Plasma Properties of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Preprint) Reed, Garrett D; Hargus, William A; VanGilder, Douglas B; Jul 2006; 25 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2308 Report No.(s): AD-A454684; AFRL-PR-ED-TP-2006-157; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Near-field ion velocity distributions of a BusekBHT-200-X3 xenon Hall thruster obtained through numerical simulation are compared with laser-induced fluorescence measurements taken for one nominal operating condition. The numerical code Hybrid-PIC Hall, a 2D hybrid particle-in-cell model, is used to simulate an axisymmetric cross section of the plasma acceleration zone. A set of nine HP Hall simulations are run using three different cathode positions and Bohm electron mobility 311

coefficients to study the effects of these parameters on ion acceleration. Six additional cases were run in an attempt to better match the simulation results to the experimental data. For model validation, agreement between the numerical and experimental results is examined. The results show that it is difficult to match both the global operational parameters (i.e, thrust, discharge current, and beam current) and the ion velocity distributions. The shape of the axial velocity distributions can be closely matched by using high Bohm electron mobility values. However, this correlation comes at the expense of peak ion velocity and discharge current agreement. Radial velocity distributions are more closely matched by the simulations, but the simulations uniformly predict lower than measured inward and higher than measured outward radial velocity components (relative to the centerline) from the annular acceleration channel. DTIC Electron Mobility; Hall Thrusters; Models; Near Fields; Plasmas (Physics); Radial Velocity; Simulation

20060049647 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Joint Capabilities and System-of-System Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution Domains Anderson, William; Brown, Mary M; Flowe, Rob; Jun 2006; 25 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A454691; CMU/SEI-2006-TN-029; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Recognizing the need to succeed in a new multilateral asymmetric threat environment the US Department of Defense has initiated a radical transformation in operations to promote agility and enhance responsiveness. The transformation process as well as the resulting new order of operations relies heavily on system-of-systems solutions to bridge existing gaps in operations. To date a pervasive and possibly detrimental assumption has dominated the program management arena: management tools and methods that work for single systems apply equally well to the acquisition of system-of-systems solutions. This technical note questions the general assumption that single-system methods are effective in a system-ofsystems arena. Taking the position that the field as a whole lacks an adequate understanding of the unique challenges that influence system-of-systems initiatives this report presents a case for the investigation and adaptation of structural and dynamic modeling techniques to the engineering of systems of systems. The report also includes results from a survey of subject matter experts providing evidence that resource expenditures in areas important to a system-of-systems environment are becoming high priorities. DTIC Crossings; Domains; Systems Engineering

20060049664 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA A Reusable, Distributed Repository for Configuration Management Policy Programming Hoek, Andre van der; Carzaniga, Antonio; Heimbigner, Dennis; Wolf, Alexander L; Sep 1998; 32 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-94-C-0253; F30602-98-2-0163 Report No.(s): AD-A454726; CU-CS-864-98; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy See report. DTIC Configuration Management; Distributed Processing; Policies

20060049770 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Csv_to_ZDIFF: A Translator in the CASRED Tool Set, Version 1.4 Sauerborn, Geoffrey C; Sep 2006; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454876; ARL-TN-0261; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This document describes a translator that converts a comma-separated value format file into a Z-data ASCII (American standard code for information exchange) format. Called Csv_to_Zdata, the translator is software tailored to work within the Casualty Reduction (CASRED) model tool set. CASRED is a U.S. Army item-level lethality and survivability performance model that calculates the probability of personnel incapacitation, given a hit. This document describes Csv_to_Zdata, its options, and input but does not address CASRED. DTIC Casualties; Computer Programs; Software Development Tools 312

20060049782 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Web-Based Graphics for Battlespace Terrain Ownership Neiderer, Andrew M; Aug 2006; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-P622783Y10 Report No.(s): AD-A454888; ARL-MR-648; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) An approach for the display of battlespace terrain ownership data on a semantic Web is presented. Scaleable vector graphics (SVG), a two-dimensional Web graphic based on the extensible markup language (XML), is used. The SVG document accesses and modifies XML data using interpreter language ECMAScript variables and functions, as well as globally-defined objects of the document object model for the Batik SVG browser, from its \hscript\g element. ECMAScript functions were written for dynamic updating on the client machine. Interactive visualization of the scene-graph using extensible three-dimensional graphics, which is also XML-based, is being added for user inputs and external events. DTIC Computer Graphics; Terrain 20060049795 Army Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command, Warren, MI USA Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to Xpatch Evans, Roger; Bennett, John G; Jones, Jack; Jan 1999; 20 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454902; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Mechanical Desktop, a solid modeling program from AutoDesk, offers engineers a powerful environment for designing ground combat vehicles. To predict the radar signatures of concept vehicles created in Mechanical Desktop, the geometry and material properties of the vehicles must be fed into Xpatch. Mechanical Desktop, however, lacks an output file format that is directly useable by Xpatch. In this paper, we discuss the problems associated with converting Mechanical Desktop files into a suitable facet format, and we present a procedure for carrying out the conversion. Moreover, we describe new software required to perform a key step in this conversion. The conversion of an example of Mechanical Desktop solid models illustrates the procedure and the new software. DTIC Combat; Computer Programs; Flat Surfaces 20060049849 Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD USA Eros-based Confined Capability Client Shapiro, Jonathan S; Jun 2006; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-01-C-1972; Proj-ARPS Report No.(s): AD-A454977; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Objective of EROS-Based Confined Capability Client Project is to demonstrate that systems constructed using capability-based protection can be organized in a way that makes it defensible from hostile internet content. This was accomplished by constructing of a single exemplar application, a web browser using capability-based structuring techniques, and determining whether this application can defend itself against hostile content. The specific test employed demonstrated that the browser always renders the URL being displayed accurately, and that this rendering cannot be altered by any means available to the page author. Means of attack available to the page author include exploiting flaws in the browser implementation, such as buffer overrun vulnerabilities. The work performed produced four specific results: a secure network protocol stack, a trusted window system, a browser prototype, and an assessment of the cost and complexity of porting existing applications to capability-based foundations as currently implemented. One important conclusion is that it is possible to build high-performance, defensible systems using capability-based protection and confinement to provide defense in depth that is difficult for either hostile content or well-intentioned misconfiguration to compromise. DTIC Computer Information Security; Confinement; Internets 20060049865 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real-Time Systems Stankovic, John A; Zhu, Ruiqing; Poornalingam, Ram; Lu, Chenyang; Yu, Zhendong; Humphrey, Marty; Ellis, Brian; Jan 2003; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-00-C-3048 Report No.(s): AD-A454999; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 313

Building distributed embedded systems from scratch is not cost-effective. Instead, designing and building these systems by using domain specific components has promise. However, in using components, the most difficult issues are ensuring that hidden dependencies won’t cause failures and that non-functional properties such as real-time performance are being met. We have built the VEST toolkit whose aim is to provide a rich set of dependency checks based on the concept of aspects to support distributed embedded system development via components. We describe the toolkit and its novelty. We also use VEST on two case studies of a CORBA-based middleware for avionics. Data collected shows that VEST can significantly reduce the time it takes to build a distributed real-time embedded system by over 50%. Key lessons learned from our experience with using VEST on these case studies are also highlighted. DTIC Kits; Real Time Operation

20060050017 National Defense Univ., Washington, DC USA Senturion: A Predictive Political Simulation Model Abdollahian, Mark; Baranick, Michael; Efird, Brian; Kugler, Jacek; Jul 2006; 27 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454175; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454175; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The expanding complexity of sub-national and cross-national threats to national security strains the analytical capabilities of the Department of Defense (DoD) and the intelligence community, highlighting the need for methods and tools that can make this emergent complexity manageable. With an ever-increasing spectrum of threats, more objective analytic capabilities that draw on all-source intelligence and advances in computational methods are needed to help provide insight and aid in the understanding of individual and group behavior. This paper summarizes work utilizing the Senturion predictive analysis software at the National Defense University (NDU). The Center for Technology and National Security Policy (CTNSP) at NDU has been testing the Senturion capability since 2002, and has begun to support the application of this new technology in DoD. Senturion is a simulation capability that analyzes the political dynamics within local, domestic, and international contexts and predicts how the policy positions of competing interests will evolve over time. The authors begin by describing the methodology underlying the software, and then provide an overview of three case studies that used the software: a predictive analysis of the stabilization and reconstruction phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), the run-up to the Iraqi elections in January 2005, and the leadership transition in Palestine following the death of Yasser Arafat. Each of these projects tested the application of the software’s modeling technology to unfolding events. Each analysis was performed and briefed to senior government decision makers well in advance of events; the forecasts from each project tracked well with reality, often providing counterintuitive results. The approach provides policy makers and analysts with a tool for anticipating the outcome of complex political events that can also provide a detailed explanation of why events may not unfold as expected with traditional means of analysis. DTIC Expert Systems; Leadership; Prediction Analysis Techniques; Predictions; Simulation

20060050019 NATO Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Simulator for Tracker Performance Assessment Grimmett, Doug; Coraluppi, Stefano; Aug 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454741; NURC-PR-2006-008; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Acoustics; Evaluation; Simulators; Sonar; System Effectiveness; Tracking (Position)

20060050023 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA A Comparison of Change Detection Statistics in POLSAR Images Kersten, P R; Lee, J S; Ainsworth, T L; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454231; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454231; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Change detection in polarimetric SAR (POLSAR) images is an important topic. Three statistics are compared on both simulated and real data for their efficacy in change detection. The three statistics are the contrast ratio, the ellipticity and the 314

Bartlett test. The relative performance for these three test statistics on the two simulations is dramatically different. The results are illustrated and explained. DTIC Change Detection; Radar Imagery; Synthetic Aperture Radar

20060050165 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA Failure Assessment Lutz, Robyn; Nikora, Allen; [2005]; 12 pp.; In English; 1st International Forum on Integrated System Health Engineering and Management in Aerospace, 7 Nov. 2005, Napa, CA, USA; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39682; Avail.: Other Sources Three questions to which software developers want accurate, precise answers are ‘How can the software system fail?’, ‘mat bad things will happen if the software fails?t’, and ‘How many failures will the software experience?’. Numerous techniques have been devised to answer these questions; three of the best known are: 1) Software Fault Tree Analysis (SFTA) 2) Software Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (SFMECA 3) Software Fault/Failure Modeling. SFTA and SFMECA have been successfully used to analyze the flight software for a number of robotic planetary exploration missions, including Galileo, Cassini, and Deep Space 1. Given the increasing interest in reusing software components from mission to mission, one of us has developed techniques for reusing the corresponding portions of the SFTA and SFMECA, reducing the effort required to conduct these analyses. SFTA has also been shown to be effective in analyzing the security aspects of software systems; intrusion mechanisms and effects can easily be modeled using these techniques. The Bi- Directional Safety Analysis (BDSA) method combines a forward search (similar to SFMECA) from potential failure modes to their effects, with a backward search (similar to SFTA) from feasible hazards to the contributing causes of each hazard. BDSA offers an efficient way to identify latent failures. Recent work has extended BDSA to product-line applications such as flight-instrumentation displays and developed tool support for the reuse of the failure-analysis artifacts within a product line. BDSA has also been streamlined to support those projects having tight cost and/or schedule constraints for their failure analysis efforts. We discuss lessons learned from practice, describe available tools, and identi\@ some future directions for the topic. A substantial amount of research has been devoted to estimating the number of failures that a software system will experience during test and operations, as well as the number of faults that have been inserted into that system during its development. One of us has found that the amount of structural change to a system during its development is strongly related to the number of faults inserted into it. Using techniques requiring no additional effort on the part of the development organization, the required measurements of structural evolution can be easily obtained from a development effort’s configuration management system and readily transformed into an estimate of fault content. So far, structure-fault relationships have been identified for source code; current work seeks to examine artifacts available earlier in the lifecycle to determine if similar relationships between structure and fault content can be found. In particular, relationships between requirements change requests and the number of faults inserted into the implemented system would provide a significant improvement in our ability to control software quality during the early development phases. Author Failure Analysis; Software Engineering; Computer Systems Performance; Applications Programs (Computers); Fault Trees; Failure Modes; System Failures

20060050190 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI(SM)) A, Version 1.2: Method Definition Document Aug 2006; 244 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A454685; CMU/SEI-2006-HB-002; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A11, Hardcopy The Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI(SM)) is designed to provide benchmark quality ratings relative to Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) models. It is applicable to a wide range of appraisal usage modes including both internal process improvement and external capability determinations. SCAMPI satisfies all of the Appraisal Requirements for CMMI (ARC) requirements for a Class A appraisal method. The SCAMPI Method Definition Document describes the requirements activities and practices associated with each of the processes that compose the SCAMPI method. It is intended to be one of the elements of the infrastructure within which SCAMPI Lead Appraisers conduct a SCAMPI appraisal. Precise listings of required practices parameters and variation limits as well as optional practices and 315

guidance for enacting the method are covered An overview of the methods context concepts and architecture is also provided. DTIC Systems Engineering; Systems Analysis; Methodology

20060050191 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Performance Results of CMMI-Based Process Improvement Gibson, Diane L; Goldenson, Dennis R; Kost, Keith; Aug 2006; 124 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003; F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A454687; CMU/SEI-2006-TR-004; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy There is a widespread demand for factual information about the impact and benefits of process improvement based on Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) models. Much has been learned since the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) published a special report on this topic over two years ago. There now is evidence that process improvement using the CMMI Product Suite can result in improvements in schedule and cost performance, product quality, return on investment and other measures of performance outcome. This technical report summarizes much of the publicly available empirical evidence about the performance results that can occur as a consequence of CMMI-based process improvement. In addition the report contains a series of brief case descriptions that were created with collaboration from representatives from 10 organizations that have achieved notable quantitative performance results through their CMMI-based improvement efforts. The report is meant for members of engineering process groups, middle and first-line management and other potential process improvement participants who wish to learn more about how CMMI can contribute to measurable improvements. It also may be useful for executives and senior managers who are faced with decisions about the allocation of scarce resources for improvement efforts. DTIC Systems Engineering; Performance Tests

20060050196 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Model Problems in Technologies for Interoperability: Web Services Lewis, Grace A; Wrage, Lutz; Jun 2006; 37 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A454363; CMU/SEI-2006-TN-021; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454363; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Web service technologies (or Web services) are experiencing a growing popularity in U.S. Department of Defense, industry, and non-defense government organizations due to their potential to enable interoperability between applications implemented on different platforms. This potential stems from Web services being based on standards that have been widely accepted and implemented, such as the Simple Object Access Protocol and the Web Services Description Language. The large number of products and tools created to facilitate the development of Web services has also contributed to their popularity. This technical note presents the results of applying the model problem approach in an initial investigation of the potential of Web services to enable interoperability. DTIC Interoperability; World Wide Web; Models; Technologies

20060050242 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA Contingency Software in Autonomous Systems: Technical Level Briefing Lutz, Robyn R.; Patterson-Hines, Ann; [2006]; 26 pp.; In English; NASA OSMA Software Assurance Symposium, Morgantown, West Virginia, July 18-20, 2006, 18-20 Jul. 2006, Morgantown, WV, USA; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39685; Avail.: Other Sources Contingency management is essential to the robust operation of complex systems such as spacecraft and Unpiloted Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Automatic contingency handling allows a faster response to unsafe scenarios with reduced human intervention on low-cost and extended missions. Results, applied to the Autonomous Rotorcraft Project and Mars Science Lab, pave the way to more resilient autonomous systems. Derived from text Autonomy; Software Engineering; Contingency; Complex Systems 316

62 COMPUTER SYSTEMS Includes computer networks and distributed processing systems. For information systems see 82 Documentation and Information Science. For computer systems applied to specific applications, see the associated category.

20060048299 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Multidisciplinary Environments: A History of Engineering Framework Development Padula, Sharon L.; Gillian, Ronnie E.; [2006]; 11 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 754-02-07-07; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048299; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper traces the history of engineering frameworks and their use by Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) practitioners. The approach is to reference papers that have been presented at one of the ten previous Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization (MA&O) conferences. By limiting the search to MA&O papers, the authors can (1) identify the key ideas that led to general purpose MDO frameworks and (2) uncover roadblocks that delayed the development of these ideas. The authors make no attempt to assign credit for revolutionary ideas or to assign blame for missed opportunities. Rather, the goal is to trace the various threads of computer architecture and software framework research and to observe how these threads contributed to the commercial framework products available today. Author Product Development; Multidisciplinary Design Optimization; Systems Engineering; Computer Programs; Architecture (Computers); Engineering

20060048345 National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology, Japan Advanced Lightpath Establishment for Distributed Computing Tachibana, Takuji; Xu, Sugang; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 97-102; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Currently, it is expected that distributed computing environment is developed in wide-area networks by using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and lightpath switching. In this paper, in order to develop the distributed computing environment over lightpath switching networks, we study two new lightpath establishment approaches. These two approaches enable lightpaths to be effectively established in wide-area WDM networks and enable optical ring to be dynamically developed for the data transmission in multiple points. Author Wavelength Division Multiplexing; Data Transmission; Wide Area Networks

20060048631 Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems, Toulouse, France Intrusion Tolerance for Unclassified Networked Systems Deswarte, Yves; Powell, David; Apr 20, 2004; 32 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453235; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453235; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Computer Networks; Intrusion; Security

20060048633 Forschungsinstitut fuer Hochfrequenzphysik, Werthhoven, Germany Components for Cooperative Intrusion Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environments Jahnke, Marko; Bussman, Michael; Henkel, Sven; Toelle, Jens; Apr 20, 2004; 36 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453238; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453238; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Detection; Warning Systems 317

20060048653 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Source Authentication for Multicast in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Ramachandran, Prabha; Jan 2003; 107 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-01-2-0011 Report No.(s): AD-A453260; ISR-MS-2003-6; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453260; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Recent emergence and popularity of mobile ad hoc networks in a host of current-day applications has instigated a suite of research challenges, primarily in routing and security issues for such networks. The ease and low cost of deployment make this networking paradigm very convenient for group-oriented applications like battlefield missions, business conference, virtual classroom, etc. Such networks are characterized by wireless ‘links’, lack of any fixed network infrastructure, rapidly changing topology and mobile hosts. Security for these dynamic ad hoc networks presents many challenges in the area of multicasting for group-oriented tactical missions, operating in a hostile environment. Key-management and secure-routing have been the primary research focus in this area. Source authentication for multicast is also a fundamental problem that needs to be addressed. In this work, we study some of the proposed source authentication schemes for multicast group communication and evaluate one such scheme for a tactical ad hoc set-up. We propose solutions that exploit the hierarchical nature of tactical networks to achieve time synchronization pre-requisites that the proposed schemes have. We define metrics to evaluate the authentication scheme and present simulation results for the authentication scheme evaluated with two different time synchronization techniques. We find that our selected authentication scheme is well suited for a mobile ad hoc network. We show that our solution for time synchronization performs much better than conventional methods suggested for the authentication scheme. We also discuss applications of our overlay architecture for bootstrapping the authentication scheme with reduced communication overhead. DTIC Computer Information Security; Wireless Communication 20060048661 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example Scenario Alberts, Christopher; Dorofee, Audrey; Stevens, James; Woody, Carol; Jan 2005; 211 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453286; CMU/SEI-2003-HB-003; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453286; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability EvaluationSM (OCTAVE ) approach defines a risk-based strategic assessment and planning technique for security. OCTAVE is a self-directed approach, meaning that people from an organization assume responsibility for setting the organization’s security strategy. OCTAVE-S is a variation of the approach tailored to the limited means and unique constraints typically found in small organizations (less than 100 people). OCTAVE-S is led by a small, interdisciplinary team (three to five people) of an organization’s personnel who gather and analyze information, producing a protection strategy and mitigation plans based on the organization’s unique operational security risks. To conduct OCTAVE-S effectively, the team must have broad knowledge of the organization’s business and security processes, so it will be able to conduct all activities by itself. DTIC Octaves; Risk; Security 20060048662 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Sustaining Software-Intensive Systems Lapham, Mary Ann; Woody, Carol; May 2006; 53 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453287; CMU/SEI-2006-TN-0007; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453287; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy As today’s systems become increasingly reliant on software, the issues surrounding sustainment become increasingly complex. The risks of ignoring these issues can potentially undermine the stability, enhancement, and longevity of fielded systems. Questions about sustaining new and legacy systems include 1. What does it mean to perform sustainment from a software perspective? 2. What types of development and acquisition activities are required to sustain software-intensive systems? 3. Although the Department of Defense (DoD) has a technical definition of sustainment, does the DoD typically consider sustainment as maintenance? 4. How does the increased use of commercial-off-the-shelf software complicate sustainment? This technical note discusses these questions and presents definitions, related issues, future considerations, and 318

recommendations for sustaining software-intensive systems. Sustainment done well leads to well-supported software-intensive systems and reduced total ownership costs and should help organizations meet current and new mission area and capabilities requirements. The information contained in this technical note is based on information that the Software Engineering Institute gathered during work with Air Force software-intensive systems. While the information is pertinent and can be applied to systems in the commercial sector, keep in mind minimal effort was made to convert DoDspeak into commercial sector language. DTIC Security; Software Development Tools; Software Engineering; Systems Management 20060048670 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy and Plan Worksheets Alberts, Christopher; Dorofee, Audrey; Stevens, James; Woody, Carol; Jan 2005; 145 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453296; CMU/SEI-2003-HB-003; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453296; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability EvaluationSM (OCTAVE) approach defines a risk-based strategic assessment and planning technique for security. OCTAVE is a self-directed approach, meaning that people from an organization assume responsibility for setting the organization’s security strategy. OCTAVE-S is a variation of the approach tailored to the limited means and unique constraints typically found in small organizations (less than 100 people). OCTAVE-S is led by a small, interdisciplinary team (three to five people) of an organization’s personnel who gather and analyze information, producing a protection strategy and mitigation plans based on the organization’s unique operational security risks. To conduct OCTAVE-S effectively, the team must have broad knowledge of the organization’s business and security processes, so it will be able to conduct all activities by itself. DTIC Octaves; Risk; Security 20060048671 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical Asset Worksheets for People Alberts, Christopher; Dorofee, Audrey; Stevens, James; Woody, Carol; Jan 2005; 42 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453297; CMU/SEI-2003-HB-003; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453297; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability EvaluationSM (OCTAVE ) approach defines a risk-based strategic assessment and planning technique for security. OCTAVE is a self-directed approach, meaning that people from an organization assume responsibility for setting the organization’s security strategy. OCTAVE-S is a variation of the approach tailored to the limited means and unique constraints typically found in small organizations (less than 100 people). OCTAVE-S is led by a small, interdisciplinary team (three to five people) of an organization’s personnel who gather and analyze information, producing a protection strategy and mitigation plans based on the organization’s unique operational security risks. To conduct OCTAVE-S effectively, the team must have broad knowledge of the organization’s business and security processes, so it will be able to conduct all activities by itself. DTIC Octaves; Risk; Security 20060048672 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Asset Worksheets for Applications Alberts, Christopher; Dorofee, Audrey; Stevens, James; Woody, Carol; Jan 2005; 90 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453298; CMU/SEI-2003-HB-003; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453298; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability EvaluationSM (OCTAVE) approach defines a risk-based strategic assessment and planning technique for security. OCTAVE is a self-directed approach, meaning that people from an organization assume responsibility for setting the organization’s security strategy. OCTAVE-S is a variation of the approach tailored to the limited means and unique constraints typically found in small organizations (less than 100 people). OCTAVE-S 319

is led by a small, interdisciplinary team (three to five people) of an organization . personnel who gather and analyze information, producing a protection strategy and mitigation plans based on the organization’s unique operational security risks. To conduct OCTAVE-S effectively, the team must have broad knowledge of the organization’s business and security processes, so it will be able to conduct all activities by itself. DTIC Octaves; Risk; Security 20060048673 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Worksheets for Systems Alberts, Christopher; Dorofee, Audrey; Stevens, James; Woody, Carol; Jan 2005; 90 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453299; CMU/SEI-2003-HB-003; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453299; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability EvaluationSM (OCTAVE) approach defines a risk-based strategic assessment and planning technique for security. OCTAVE is a self-directed approach, meaning that people from an organization assume responsibility for setting the organization’s security strategy. OCTAVE-S is a variation of the approach tailored to the limited means and unique constraints typically found in small organizations (less than 100 people). OCTAVE-S is led by a small, interdisciplinary team (three to five people) of an organization’s personnel who gather and analyze information, producing a protection strategy and mitigation plans based on the organization’s unique operational security risks. To conduct OCTAVE-S effectively, the team must have broad knowledge of the organization’s business and security processes, so it will be able to conduct all activities by itself. DTIC Octaves; Risk; Security 20060048674 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical Asset Worksheets for Information Alberts, Christopher; Dorofee, Audrey; Stevens, James; Woody, Carol; Jan 2005; 90 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453300; CMU/SEI-2003-HB-003; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453300; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability EvaluationSM (OCTAVE) approach defines a risk-based strategic assessment and planning technique for security. OCTAVE is a self-directed approach, meaning that people from an organization assume responsibility for setting the organization’s security strategy. OCTAVE-S is a variation of the approach tailored to the limited means and unique constraints typically found in small organizations (less than 100 people). OCTAVE-S is led by a small, interdisciplinary team (three to five people) of an organization’s personnel who gather and analyze information, producing a protection strategy and mitigation plans based on the organization’s unique operational security risks. To conduct OCTAVE-S effectively, the team must have broad knowledge of the organization’s business and security processes, so it will be able to conduct all activities by itself. DTIC Octaves; Risk; Security 20060048675 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organizational Worksheets Alberts, Christopher; Dorofee, Audrey; Stevens, James; Woody, Carol; Jan 2005; 86 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453301; CMU/SEI-2003-HB-003; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453301; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability EvaluationSM (OCTAVE) approach defines a risk-based strategic assessment and planning technique for security. OCTAVE is a self-directed approach, meaning that people from an organization assume responsibility for setting the organization’s security strategy. OCTAVE-S is a variation of the approach tailored to the limited means and unique constraints typically found in small organizations (less than 100 people). OCTAVE-S is led by a small, interdisciplinary team (three to five people) of an organization’s personnel who gather and analyze information, producing a protection strategy and mitigation plans based on the organization’s unique operational security risks. 320

To conduct OCTAVE-S effectively, the team must have broad knowledge of the organization’s business and security processes, so it will be able to conduct all activities by itself. DTIC Octaves; Risk; Security

20060048676 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Preparation Guidance Alberts, Christopher; Dorofee, Audrey; Stevens, James; Woody, Carol; Jan 2005; 62 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453302; CMU/SEI-2003-HB-003; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453302; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability EvaluationSM (OCTAVE ) approach defines a risk-based strategic assessment and planning technique for security. OCTAVE is a self-directed approach, meaning that people from an organization assume responsibility for setting the organization’s security strategy. OCTAVE-S is a variation of the approach tailored to the limited means and unique constraints typically found in small organizations (less than 100 people). OCTAVE-S is led by a small, interdisciplinary team (three to five people) of an organization’s personnel who gather and analyze information, producing a protection strategy and mitigation plans based on the organization’s unique operational security risks. To conduct OCTAVE-S effectively, the team must have broad knowledge of the organization’s business and security processes, so it will be able to conduct all activities by itself. DTIC Octaves; Risk; Security

20060048677 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method Guidelines Alberts, Christopher; Dorofee, Audrey; Stevens, James; Woody, Carol; Jan 2005; 106 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453303; CMU/SEI-2003-HB-003; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453303; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability EvaluationSM (OCTAVE ) approach defines a risk-based strategic assessment and planning technique for security. OCTAVE is a self-directed approach, meaning that people from an organization assume responsibility for setting the organization’s security strategy. OCTAVE-S is a variation of the approach tailored to the limited means and unique constraints typically found in small organizations (less than 100 people). OCTAVE-S is led by a small, interdisciplinary team (three to five people) of an organization’s personnel who gather and analyze information, producing a protection strategy and mitigation plans based on the organization’s unique operational security risks. To conduct OCTAVE-S effectively, the team must have broad knowledge of the organization’s business and security processes, so it will be able to conduct all activities by itself. DTIC Octaves; Risk; Security

20060048678 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduction to OCTAVE-S Alberts, Christopher; Dorofee, Audrey; Stevens, James; Woody, Carol; Jan 2005; 40 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453304; CMU/SEI-2003-HB-003; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453304; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability EvaluationSM (OCTAVE ) approach defines a risk-based strategic assessment and planning technique for security. OCTAVE is a self-directed approach, meaning that people from an organization assume responsibility for setting the organization’s security strategy. OCTAVE-S is a variation of the approach tailored to the limited means and unique constraints typically found in small organizations (less than 100 people). OCTAVE-S is led by a small, interdisciplinary team (three to five people) of an organization’s personnel who gather and analyze information, producing a protection strategy and mitigation plans based on the organization’s unique operational security risks. 321

To conduct OCTAVES effectively, the team must have broad knowledge of the organization’s business and security processes, so it will be able to conduct all activities by itself. DTIC Octaves; Risk; Security 20060048699 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA Denial of Service in Sensor Networks Wood, Anthony D; Stankovic, John A; Jan 2002; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-01-C-1905; N00014-01-1-0576 Report No.(s): AD-A453345; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453345; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Sensor networks hold the promise of facilitating large-scale, real-time data processing in complex environments. Their foreseeable applications will help protect and monitor military, environmental, safety-critical, or domestic infrastructures and resources. In these and other vital or security-sensitive deployments, keeping the network available for its intended use is essential. The stakes are high: Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks against such networks may permit real-world damage to the health and safety of people. Without proper security mechanisms, networks will be confined to limited, controlled environments, negating much of the promise they hold. The limited ability of individual sensor nodes to thwart failure or attack makes ensuring network availability more difficult. To identify DoS vulnerabilities, we analyze two effective sensor network protocols that did not initially consider security. These examples demonstrate that consideration of security at design time is the best way to ensure successful network deployment. DTIC Detectors; Networks 20060048720 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Defining Incident Management Processes for CSIRTs: A Work in Progress Alberts, Chris; Dorofee, Audrey; Killcrece, Georgia; Ruefle, Robin; Zajicek, Mark; Oct 2004; 248 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A453378; CMU/SEI-2004-TR-015; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453378; Avail.: CASI: A11, Hardcopy This report presents a prototype best practice model for performing incident management processes and functions. It defines the model through five high-level incident management processes: Prepare/Sustain/Improve, Protect Infrastructure, Detect Events, Triage Events, and Respond. Workflow diagrams and descriptions are provided for each of these processes. One advantage of the model is that it enables examination of incident management processes that cross organizational boundaries, both internally and externally. This can help computer security incident response teams (CSIRTs) improve their ability to collaborate with other business units and other organizations when responding to incidents. Future reports will extend this work and provide additional guidance to enable both newly forming and existing incident management capabilities to use the model to determine where gaps exist in their current processes and to develop plans for creating, improving, or restructuring their incident management capabilities and processes. Although the processes defined in this document were originally developed for internal CSIRTs, the models and information presented here are applicable to other types of CSIRTs and other types of incident management and security management capabilities. DTIC Computer Information Security; Security 20060048735 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, CA USA SSC San Diego Brief 2002 Jan 2002; 48 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453410; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453410; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, known as SSC San Diego, is uniquely qualified to provide the expertise and tools to achieve information dominance. We are at the cutting edge of the processes of transforming data into information, information into knowledge, and knowledge into understanding. We have defined and articulated an integrated, futuristic vision: To be the nation’s pre-eminent provider of integrated C4ISR solutions for warrior information dominance. We intend to continue and expand SSC San Diego’s leadership in defining, developing, integrating, installing, and sustaining 322

C4ISR (command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance) systems. This Brief summarizes our broad range of programs, capabilities, and accomplishments--a summary of our work toward achieving our vision. DTIC Command and Control; Data Processing; Information Systems

20060048762 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Experiences with a Survey Tool for Discovering Network Time Protocol Servers Guyton, James D; Schwartz, Michael F; Jan 1994; 13 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DABT63-93-C-0052; NCR91-05372 Report No.(s): AD-A453548; CU-CS-704-94; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453548; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is widely used to synchronize computer clocks throughout the Internet. Existing NTP clients and servers form a very large distributed system, and yet the tools available to observe and manage this system are fairly primitive. This paper describes our experiences with a prototype tool that attempts to discover relevant information about every NTP site on the Internet. The data produced by this tool can be used for a variety of purposes, including locating nearby accurate time servers and computing aggregate and long-term evaluations of the size and health of the NTP system. Importantly, our tool provides a means by which new NTP server administrators can make informed choices among the possible servers with which to synchronize, balancing the need for accurate time with the need to distribute server load. This is an important step towards improving global NTP system scalability, since at present our measurements indicate that the high-stratum servers are heavily overloaded. DTIC Exploration; Protocol (Computers); Surveys; Topology

20060048766 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Application of the Strategic Alignment Model and Information Technology Governance Concepts to Support Network Centric Warfare Valentine, Jennifer R; Mar 2006; 116 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453565; AFIT/GIR/ENG/06-01; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453565; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy This thesis analyzes the fields of E-Business and Network Centric Warfare (NCW) in order to identify gaps and overlaps within the two bodies of knowledge. Successful implementation of E-business is more than simply applying a technology to an existing business model. It is about evolving business processes and structures in order for the organization to accommodate for this new dynamic environment. This thesis proposes that while the two areas? success fundamentally resides in the implementation and exploitation of technology, it is only through sound IT Governance policies and strategic alignment practices that success can be measured. Technology has the ability to bring increased capabilities to the warfigther. This work suggests the Air Force must analyze the implications of technology to its current structure, policies and processes prior to implementation on the enterprise. This thesis presents how the Strategic Alignment Model, as developed by Henderson and Venkatraman, can be applied to Air Force operations in order to better align its IT and mission objectives. Finally, this thesis proposes a model of the components necessary to execute an E-Business model wihtin an organization and suggests the same components are necessary to execute NCW initiatives. DTIC Alignment; Information Systems; Warfare

20060048931 EURECOM, Sophia-Antipolis, France Attack Processes Found on the Internet Dacier, Marc; Pouget, Fabien; Debar, Herve; Apr 20, 2004; 57 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453702; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) No abstract available Computer Viruses; Internets; Threat Evaluation 323

20060049005 Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT USA Agent-Based Engineering Drawing Analysis Henderson, Thomas C; Swaminathan, Lavanya; Feb 4, 2002; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-01-1-0013; NSF-EIA89-20219 Report No.(s): AD-A453890; UUCS-02-0008; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Interpretation of paper drawings has received a good deal of attention over the last decade. Related areas such as direct interpretation of human drawings (HCI), search and indexing of graphics databases, and knowledge representation in the domain of graphics and drawings understanding have also seen advances. One of the most interesting applications in this domain is the analysis of semantics in engineering drawings. DTIC Computer Aided Design; Engineering Drawings 20060049019 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Development of a Malicious Insider Composite Vulnerability Assessment Methodology King, William H; Jun 2006; 105 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453929; AFIT/GIA/ENG/06-06; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Trusted employees pose a major threat to information systems. Despite advances in prevention, detection, and response techniques, the number of malicious insider incidents and their associated costs have yet to decline. There are very few vulnerability and impact models capable of providing information owners with the ability to comprehensively assess the effectiveness an organization’s malicious insider mitigation strategies. This research uses a multi-dimensional approach: content analysis, attack tree framework, and an intent driven taxonomy model are used to develop a malicious insider Decision Support System (DSS) tool. The DSS tool’s utility and applicability is demonstrated using a notional example. This research gives information owners data to more appropriately allocate scarce security resources. DTIC Computer Networks; Threat Evaluation; Vulnerability 20060049138 Electronics and Telecommunications Research Inst., Daejon, Korea, Republic of A Smart Web Platform for Telematics Services Toward Ubiquitous Environments Lee, Eunkyu; Joo, Inhak; Kim, Mijeong; Kim, Minsoo; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453597; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453597; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Abstract This paper takes care of an evolution of web architecture for Telematics services on ubiquitous environments. Telematics has become one of upcoming convergence fields where many kinds of services are now be operated or planned to be launched. However, most of Telematics services are currently operated in a closed architecture: they require hardware and software configurations exclusively. In order to achieve ubiquitous capabilities in Telematics model, this paper proposes a web service platform for Telematics based on web service architecture. With the proposed Telematics service broker, service providers can register their services, and service consumers can find what services are available and how to use them. Adopting open architecture, the platform will contribute to efficient provision of Telematics services in upcoming ubiquitous environments. DTIC Wide Area Networks; Computer Programs; Convergence 20060049216 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Development of a Methodology for Customizing Insider Threat Auditing on a Microsoft Windows XP Operating System Levoy, Terry E; May 2006; 143 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453930; AFIT/GIA/ENG/06-07; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453930; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy Most organizations are aware that threats from trusted insiders pose a great risk to their organization and are very difficult to protect against. Auditing is recognized as an effective technique to detect malicious insider activities. However, current auditing methods are typically applied with a one-size-fits-all approach and may not be an appropriate mitigation strategy, especially towards insider threats. This research develops a 4-step methodology for designing a customized auditing template for a Microsoft Windows XP operating system. Two tailoring methods are presented which evaluate both by category and by 324

configuration. Also developed are various metrics and weighting factors as a mechanism to evaluate auditing effectiveness for the purpose of optimizing the template according to organizational security requirements. Various industry standard auditing templates are evaluated against a custom designed template. Results indicate that a customized auditing template tailored for an insider threat scenario is more effective at detecting insider malicious activities. DTIC Functional Design Specifications; Threat Evaluation 20060049244 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Information Technology Governance and the Air Force Trechter, Joseph M; Jun 2006; 32 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453976; AFIT/IC4/ENG/06-07; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453976; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Increased reliance on technology while budgets are tightening makes our investments in information technology (IT) all the more critical. How do we know whether our expenditures on IT are providing commensurate value to our mission to ‘fly and fight [and win] in Air, Space and Cyberspace"? This paper employs an assessment technique used in industry and applies the technique to the various echelons of command within the Air Force, namely the Headquarters, Major Command, and Operating Base levels to determine what IT governance structures exist within the Air Force. This case study on IT governance in the Air Force was conducted based on personal interviews with knowledgeable personnel at each echelon of command. DTIC Information Systems; Technology Assessment 20060049260 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Circuits Christiansen, Bradley D; Mar 2006; 158 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454021; AFIT/GE/ENG/06-15; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454021; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) based on Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) are vulnerable to tampering attacks such as readback and cloning attacks. Such attacks enable the reverse engineering of the design programmed into an FPGA. To counter such attacks, measures that protect the design with low performance penalties should be employed. This research proposes a method which employs the addition of active decoy circuits to protect SRAM FPGAs from reverse engineering. The effects of the protection method on security, execution time, power consumption, and FPGA resource usage are quantified. The method significantly increases the security of the design with only minor increases in execution time, power consumption, and resource usage. For the circuits used to characterize the method, security increased to more than one million times the original values, while execution time increased to at most 1.2 times, dynamic power consumption increased to at most two times, and look-up table usage increased to at most seven times the original values. These are reasonable penalties given the size and security of the modified circuits. The proposed design protection method also extends to FPGAs based on other technologies and to Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). In addition to the design methodology proposed, a new classification of tampering attacks and countermeasures is presented. DTIC Circuits; Computer Information Security; Crime; Decoys; Electronic Countermeasures; Field-Programmable Gate Arrays; Security 20060049374 Wilkins Enterprise, Inc., Riva, MD USA Results From Use of an Integrated Schedule for Drawing Development and Equipment Procurement (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Wilkins, Jr, James R; Sep 1989; 23 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454330; NSRP-0310; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454330; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy As part of an SP-4 project, a computer program was developed to produce integrated schedules for drawing development of drawings and equipment procurement. The program also can used either to develop a schedule for the fabrication and assembly stages of the construction process or to receive data from an existing construction schedule. In either case, the construction data is used to ensure that drawings are produced and equipment is purchased in time to support production 325

planning. The program uses a commonly available database program, is suitable for use on a minicomputer and will allow a network of terminals to be used to enter data and obtain reports. This paper reports on the results of applying scheduling program to a simulate shipbuilding program and highlights a number of significant results. The principal result was to clearly demonstrate that planning for the purchase of equipment must take into account the needs of the ship design process for data about the equipment being procured. DTIC Computer Aided Design; Management Planning; Marine Technology; Procurement; Schedules; Scheduling; Ships 20060049441 Academy of Sciences (Russia), Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation Development of Mathematical Models of Immune Networks Intended for Information Security Assurance Tarakanov, Alexander O; Feb 2006; 34 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454473; ISTC-2200P; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454473; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The natural immune system is considered by many specialists as a ‘second brain of vertebrates’. In fact, the immune system possesses all the main features of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems: (1) memory, (2) learning capability, (3) capability to recognize self and non-self, and (4) decision-making capability, that is, the immune system must decide how to treat all macromolecules it encounters even if such molecules are foreign and have never existed before. Of special interest to computer science is the theory of immune networks which describes interactions between immune system specific proteins (antibodies) and foreign macromolecules (antigens). The existence of such immune networks has been established experimentally by molecular immunology which has detected and described the antibody-antigen interaction. Based on the biological principles of the immune system, the field of Artificial Immune Systems (AISs) has been established. It hopes to offer powerful and robust information processing capabilities for solving complex problems. For example, AISs may provide improved techniques to detect and mitigate modern computer network vulnerabilities to intrusions from computer viruses, unauthorized access or other forms of data corruption. Like other modern computer science techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) or Intelligent Agents, AISs can learn new information, recall previously learned information, and perform pattern recognition in a highly decentralized fashion. However, AISs based on natural immune networks differ remarkably from ANNs, intelligent agents, genetic algorithms, and cellular automata in their ability to recognize self and non-self and their highly specific activity. AISs have already been applied to several specific problems including information security, fault detection, robotic control, and others. DTIC Artificial Intelligence; Computer Networks; Immunity; Mathematical Models; Models; Security 20060049583 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Active Relations for Specifying and Implementing Software Object Management Heimbigner, Dennis; Osterweil, Leon J; Sutton, Jr, Stanley; Jul 5, 1988; 28 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): CCR-8705162 Report No.(s): AD-A454592; CU-CS-406-88; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Object management in software environments can be enhanced by providing programmable object management systems. Key requirements for object managers include typing, persistence, constraints, event monitoring sharing, activity, derived data, support for foreign tools, query, and programmable implementations. We define a model - Aspen - which uses the notion of programmable relations as a unifying mechanism for meeting many of these requirements. We describe a language - APPL/A - which is a particular realization of Aspen. APPL/A provides a vehicle for experimentation with programmable object management systems. APPL/A bas been used to support the development of a requirements specification system. Our experiences from the use of APPL/A are being applied to adapt the language refine the model and in general enhance our understanding of the basic requirements for software object management. DTIC Computer Programs; Object-Oriented Programming 20060049648 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Provably Good Parallel Algorithms for Channel Routing of Multi-Terminal Nets Krishnamurthy, Sridhar; JaJa, J; Jan 1988; 27 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA904-85-H-0015; DCR-86-00378 Report No.(s): AD-A454692; SRC-TR-88-51; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 326

We consider the channel ronting problem of a set of multi-terminal nets in the knock-knee model. We develop a new approach to route all the nets within d+ alpha tracks, where d is the channel density, and 0 \h alpha \h d, such that the corresponding layout can be realized with three layers. Both the routing and the layer assignment algorithms have linear time sequential implementations. In addition both can be implemented on the CREW-PRAM model in 0(n/p + logn) time, with p processors, 1 \h p \h n, and n is the size of the input. DTIC Algorithms; Nets; Network Analysis 20060049671 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Analysis and Adaptive Control of a Discrete-Time Single-Server Network with Random Routing Makowski, Armand M; Shwartz, Adam; Jan 1989; 39 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; NSF-ECS83-51836 Report No.(s): AD-A454733; SRC-TR-89-106; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper considers a discret time system composed of k infinite capacity queues that compete for the use of a single server. Customers arrive in i.i.d batches and are served according to a server allocation policy. Upon completing service, customers either leave the system or are routed instantaneously to another queue according to some random mechnism. As an alternative to simply randomized strategies, a policy based on a Stochastic Approximation aigonthm is proposed to drive a long-run average cost to a given value. The motivation can be traced to implementation issues associated with constrained optimal strategies. A version of the ODE method as given by Metivier and Priouret is developed for proving a.s. convergence of this algorithm. This is done by exploiting the recurrence structure of the system under non-idling policies. A probabilistic representation the solutions to an associated Poisson equation is found most useful for proving their requisite Lipschitz continuity. The conditions which guarantee convergence are given directly in terms of the model data. The approach is of independent interest, as it is not limited to this particular queueing application and suggests a way of attacking other similar problems. Keywords: Stochastic Approximations, stochastic adaptive control, queueing network. DTIC Adaptive Control; Queueing Theory 20060049718 Wisconsin Univ., Madison, WI USA Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI on PKI Wang, Hao; Jha, Somesh; Reps, Thomas; Schwoon, Stefan; Jan 2006; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-1-0796; N00014-01-1-0708 Report No.(s): AD-A454815; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Trust-management systems address the authorization problem in distributed systems. They offer several advantages over other approaches, such as support for delegation and making authorization decisions in a decentralized manner. Nonetheless, trust-management systems such as KeyNote and SPKI/SDSI have seen limited deployment in the real world. One reason for this is that both systems require a public-key infrastructure (PKI) for authentication, and PKI has proven difficult to deploy, because each user is required to manage his/her own private/public key pair. The key insight of our work is that issuance of certificates in trust-management systems, a task that usually requires public-key cryptography, can be achieved using secret-key cryptography as well. We demonstrate this concept by showing how SPKI/SDSI can be modified to use Kerberos, a secret-key based authentication system, to issue SPKI/SDSI certificates. The resulting trust-management system retains all the capabilities of SPKI/SDSI, but is much easier to use because a public key is only required for each SPKI/SDSI server, but no longer for every user. Moreover, because Kerberos is already well established, our approach makes SPKI/SDSI-based trust-management systems easier to deploy in the real world. DTIC Access Control; Numerical Control 20060050189 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Systems of Systems: Scaling Up the Development Process Humphrey, Watts; Aug 2006; 68 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A454679; CMU/SEI-2006-TR-017; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Some systems have some but not all properties of a system of systems (SoS). We refer to these as SoS-like systems. This report reviews the fundamental process and project-management problems of large-scale SoS-like programs and outlines steps 327

to address these problems. The report has eight sections Section 1 summarizes current thinking on the nature of future complex systems and Section 2 discusses the systems-design problems of the future particularly the partitioning of massive systems into system-of-systems structures. Section 3 points out how large-scale systems development efforts have typically failed because of project-management and not technical problems and that the solutions to these problems are known and highly effective but not widely practiced. It explains why if the project-management problems of the past are not promptly and effectively addressed large-scale systems development programs will likely be unmanageable. Section 4 discusses the requirements for a scalable process and Section 5 both reviews and explains the quality-management principles upon which any scalable process must rest. Section 6 reviews the nature of the project-management problems currently faced by large-scale software-intensive system development efforts and explains why attempts to scale up current methods to very large-scale systems work will almost certainly fail. Section 7 describes process strategies for supporting development of a network-like system of systems and it outlines the process and project-management topics needing further research and development. Finally Section 8 reviews the process considerations for supporting the very large-scale integrated development programs of the future. The report concludes that unless steps like those outlined in this report are taken in conjunction with continuing technical research and development the large-scale systems development efforts of the future will almost certainly fail and often catastrophically. DTIC Systems Engineering; Complex Systems

20060050198 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA How to Use FASTLANEs to Protect IP Networks Robson, Christopher L; Aug 18, 2006; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454366; NRL/MR/5590-06-8979; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454366; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Although ATM is widely deployed by the DoD and the Intelligence Community (IC), there are many IP-based networks being deployed and many ATM networks are being converted to IP converged topologies. These networks will be based on a Multi-Protocol Label Switched infrastructure. Further, the protection of these converged networks is still a formidable task without a clearly defined solution. By using appropriate configuration and taking full advantage of new IP technologies and successful network encryption FASTLANE devices, interconnecting individual agency networks into a common backbone infrastructure can take place successfully. Further, through the use of existing and new IETF standards, these networks can provide Quality of Service (QoS) to traffic flows between protected enclaves. This report details a hybrid architecture consisting of IPv4 and IPv6 network devices interconnected over a common IP backbone supporting protected information and IP QoS in a new IPv4/IPv6 Interim Transistional Hybrid Network (IPITHN) architecture. DTIC Wide Area Networks; Internets; Protocol (Computers)

20060050211 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Client/Server Model for Distributed Computing: An Implementation Sela, Amir; Jan 1989; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSFD-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454739; SRC-TR-89-7; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy At the Intelligent Servosysterns Laboratory work has been proceeding for some time on the development of a distribnted processing environment to allow for the implementation of complex dynamics simulations.t Initially, these simulations were written on a Silicon Graphics IRIS 3130 workstation with integrated numerical and graphics display code. While this approach is satisfactory for computationally non-intensive applications, it became evident that more computing power would become necessary in order to achieve simulation in real time. The logical step was to use more powerful computers for the number crunching, and to retain the IRIS workstation, which is optimized for various graphics tasks, such as rotating, filling, clipping, etc. for display purposes. This necessitated the development of code to allow for interprocess communication among various machines. Our computing environment consists of Sun and IRIS workstations, connected via an Ethernet. DTIC Client Server Systems; Models; Distributed Processing 328

20060050227 SRI International Corp., Menlo Park, CA USA IRIS: Integrate, Relate. Infer. Share Cheyer, Adam; Park, Jack; Giuli, Richard; Jan 2005; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NBCHD030010 Report No.(s): AD-A454793; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) In this paper we introduce a new semantic desktop system called IRIS, an application framework for enabling users to create a personal map across their office-related information objects. Built as part of the CALO Cognitive Assistant project, IRIS represents a step in our quest to construct the kinds of tools that will significantly augment the user’s ability to perform knowledge work. This paper explains our design decisions, progress, and shortcomings. The IRIS project has grown from the past work of others and offers opportunities to augment and otherwise collaborate with other current and future semantic desktop projects. This paper marks our entry into the ongoing conversation about semantic desktops, intelligent knowledge management, and systems for augmenting the performance of human teams. DTIC Semantics; Information Management

63 CYBERNETICS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS Includes feedback and control theory, information theory, machine learning, and expert systems. For related information see also 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.

20060048184 Gray Research, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion to Robotic and Human Missions in Near-Earth Space Woodcock, Gordon; [2006]; 3 pp.; In English; AIAA Joint Propulsion Conference, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Solar-electric propulsion (SEP) is becoming of interest for application to a wide range of missions. The benefits of SEP are strongly influenced by system element performance, especially that for the power system. Solar array performance is increasing rapidly and promises to continue to do so for another 10 to 20 years (Fig. 1). At the same time, cost per watt is decreasing. Radiation hardness is increasing. New concepts for how to design a SEP are emerging. These improvements lead to changes in the best ways to apply SEP technology to missions, and broadening of the practical uses of SEP technology compared to competing technologies. This paper addresses the evolving characteristics of SEP technology from the point of view of mission design, and how mission profile characteristics can be designed to best take advantage of evolving SEP characteristics. Mission concepts include robotic lunar landers and orbiters; scientific planetary spacecraft; delivery of spacecraft to geosynchronous orbit from inclined and low-inclination launch orbits; and lunar cargo delivery from Earth orbit to lunar orbit. Expendable and re-usable SEP profiles are considered. Flight control considerations are abstracted from recent papers by the author to describe how these influence SEP design and operations. Derived from text Robotics; Solar Electric Propulsion; Manned Space Flight; Low Earth Orbits; Mission Planning

20060048756 Oxytechnik Systems Engineering, Taunus, Germany Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Feasibility Study (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Tomzig, Michael; Sep 1985; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453507; NSRP-0226; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453507; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In 1974 OXYTECHNIK designed a web fabrication system comprising equipment for mechanized handling and welding stiffeners to plates and a conveying system. This first concept was the basis for a feasibility study to investigate the possibilities of highly mechanized respectively automatic fabrication of webs for building ships. This paper will discuss this feasibility study: the history, requirements, result, description, special features, and conclusion. DTIC Computer Aided Manufacturing; Fabrication; Feasibility; Marine Technology; Robots; Ships 329

20060048760 Xerox Corp., Palo Alto, CA USA Story Link Detection and New Event Detection are Asymmetric Chen, Francine; Farahat, Ayman; Brants, Thorsten; Jan 2003; 4 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453536; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453536; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Story link detection has been regarded as a core technology for other Topic Detection and Tracking tasks such as new event detection. In this paper we analyze story link detection and new event detection in a retrieval framework and examine the effect of a number of techniques, including part of speech tagging, new similarity measures, and an expanded stop list, on the performance of the two detection tasks. We present experimental results that show that the utility of the techniques on the two tasks differs, as is consistent with our analysis. DTIC Asymmetry; Linguistics; Natural Language Processing 20060048774 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Bio-Inspired, Odor-Based Navigation Porter, III, Maynard J; Mar 2006; 185 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453580; AFIT/GE/ENG/06-48; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453580; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The ability of moths to locate a member of the opposite sex, by tracking a wind-borne plume of odor molecules, is an amazing reality. Numerous scenarios exist where having this capability embedded into ground-based or aerial vehicles would be invaluable. The main crux of this thesis investigation is the development of a navigation algorithm which gives a UAV the ability to track a chemical plume to its source. Inspiration from the male moth’s, in particular Manduca sexta, ability to successfully track a female’s pheromone plume was used in the design of both 2-D and 3-D navigation algorithms. The algorithms were developed to guide autonomous vehicles to the source of a chemical plume. The algorithms were implemented using a variety of fuzzy controllers and ad hoc engineering approaches. The fuzzy controller was developed to estimate the location of a vehicle relative to the plume: coming into the plume, in the plume, exiting the plume, or out of the plume. The 2-D algorithm had a 60% to 90% success rate in reaching the source while certain versions of 3-D algorithm had success rates from 50% to 100%. DTIC Biomimetics; Navigation; Odors 20060049197 New York Univ., NY USA Confidence Bands for ROC Curves Macskassy, Sofus A; Provost, Foster J; Littman, Michael L; Jan 2003; 10 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-01-2-0585 Report No.(s): AD-A453849; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453849; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We address the problem of comparing the performance of classifiers. In this paper we study techniques for generating and evaluating confidence bands on ROC curves. Historically this has been done using one-dimensional confidence intervals by freezing one variable-the false-positive rate, or threshold on the classification scoring function. We adapt two prior methods and introduce a new radial sweep method to generate confidence bands. We show, through empirical studies, that the bands are too tight and introduce a general optimization methodology for creating bands that better fit the data, as well as methods for evaluating confidence bands. We show empirically that the optimized confidence bands fit much better and that, using our new evaluation method, it is possible to gauge the relative fit of different confidence bands. DTIC Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Classifications; Classifiers; Confidence Limits; Receivers; Statistical Distributions 20060049274 Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR USA KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data-Poor Domains Dietterich, Thomas G; Restificar, Angelo; Tadepalli, Prasad; D’Ambrosio, Bruce; Herlocker, Jon; Fern, Alan; Altendorf, Eric; Natarajan, Sriraam; Shen, Jianqiang; Bao, Xinlong; Aug 31, 2006; 49 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): HR0011-04-1-0005 Report No.(s): AD-A454050; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454050; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 330

Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR) has developed a wide range of methods for representing knowledge and reasoning from it to produce expert-level performance. Despite these accomplishments, there is one major problem preventing the wide-spread application of KRR technology: the inability to support learning. This makes KRR systems brittle and difficult to maintain. On the other hand, Machine Learning (ML) has developed a wide range of methods for learning from examples. However, there are two major problems preventing the wide-spread application of machine learning technology: the need for large amounts of training data and the high cost of manually designing the hypothesis space of the learning system. Our goal in this research effort was to develop a new methodology, called KI-LEARN (Knowledge Intensive LEARNing), that combines domain knowledge and sparse training data to construct high-performance systems. This report provides an overview of the major results we obtained on specific tasks as outlined in our proposal. More specifically, to address issues in knowledge representation and efficient learning we designed a language called First-Order Conditional Influence (FOCI) Language for expressing attributes relevant to learning. Our language extends probabilistic relational models (PRMs) which are themselves probabilistic representations most similar to first-order representation languages employed in KRR systems. A distinct feature of our language is its support for explicit expression of qualitative constraints such as monotonicity, saturation, and synergies. More importantly, we have demonstrated via mathematical proofs and experimental results how these qualitative constraints can be used and exploited when learning with sparse training data. We specifically show how qualitative constraints can be incorporated into learning algorithms. In addition, this report describes the models we constructed for our testbed domains. DTIC Domains; Information Management; Knowledge Representation; Learning 20060049363 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Robot Localization Using Visual Image Mapping Crews, Carrie D; Mar 2006; 116 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454313; AFIT/GCS/ENG/06-03; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454313; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy One critical step in providing the Air Force the capability to explore unknown environments is for an autonomous agent to be able to determine its location. The calculation of the robot’s pose is an optimization problem making use of the robot’s internal navigation sensors and data fusion of range sensor readings to find the most likely pose. This data fusion process requires the simultaneous generation of a map which the autonomous vehicle can then use to avoid obstacles, communicate with other agents in the same environment, and locate targets. Our solution entails mounting a Class 1 laser to an ERS-7 AIBO. The laser projects a horizontal line on obstacles in the AIBO camera’s field of view. Range readings are determined by capturing and processing multiple image frames, resolving the laser line to the horizon, and extract distance information to each obstacle. This range data is then used in conjunction with mapping a localization software to accurately navigate the AIBO. DTIC Artificial Intelligence; Image Processing; Mapping; Position (Location); Robots 20060049410 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Military Speech Communications over Vocoders in Tandem Ericson, Mark A; Simpson, Brian D; McKinley, Richard L; Apr 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454415; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454415; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Coders; Radio Transmission; Telecommunication; Vocoders; Voice Communication 20060049415 Institute for Human Factors TNO, Soesterberg, Netherlands Objective Measurement of the Speech Transmission Quality of Vocoders by Means of the Speech Transmission Index van Gils, Bastiaan J; van Wijngaarden, Sander J; Apr 1, 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454435; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454435; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Coders; Narrowband; Vocoders 331

20060049452 Stottler Henke Associates, Inc., San Mateo, CA USA Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to an Existing Training Simulation Stottler, Richard H; Jensen, Randy; Pike, Bill; Bingham, Rick; Jan 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454493; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454493; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Battle Command 2010 (BC2010) is a tactical decision game used by Command Prep Course students at the Command General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth to play battalion level tactical scenarios in a dynamic, 3-D environment. The use of this simulation, however, still required the effort of an instructor to observe the student’s actions and provide an after action review (AAR). It was determined that the addition of an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) to BC2010 would off-load the instructor from these duties and allow the students to execute scenarios without requiring an instructor for the AAR. This paper presents the lessons learned from that experience. DTIC Computerized Simulation; Education; Expert Systems; Simulation; War Games 20060049592 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Object Recognition with Features Inspired by Visual Cortex Serre, Thomas; Wolf, Lior; Poggio, Tomaso; Jan 2006; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454604; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We introduce a novel set of features for robust object recognition. Each element of this set is a complex feature obtained by combining position- and scale-tolerant edge-detectors over neighboring positions and multiple orientations. Our system’s architecture is motivated by a quantitative model of visual cortex. We show that our approach exhibits excellent recognition performance and outperforms several state-of-the-art systems on a variety of image datasets including many different object categories. We also demonstrate that our system is able to learn from very few examples. The performance of the approach constitutes a suggestive plausibility proof for a class of feedforward models of object recognition in cortex. DTIC Cerebral Cortex; Computer Vision; Pattern Recognition; Visual Stimuli 20060049615 Cybo Robots, Inc., Indianapolis, IN USA Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Reeve, Jr, Ronald C; Rongo, Robert; Jan 1995; 20 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454642; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Economics; Marine Technology; Robotics; Ships 20060049616 Army Tank-Automotive Research and Development Command, Warren, MI USA Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? Wong, Ivan; Meitzler, Thomas; Sohn, Euijung; Lane, Kimberly; Aug 14, 2006; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454643; TARDEC-16285; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Several clutter metrics were evaluated and compared against the probability of detection of ground combat vehicle targets in test scenes created in a natural field environment. This paper presents methods of testing subjects and methods of computing the metrics. Finally, limited results of the initial testing and the comparison of this against the metrics are given, thereby showing the effectiveness of these metrics on this set of targets and on all targets in general. One of the underlying goals of discovering metrics is to reliably compute information about images (such as probability of detection (Pd) of an object) and effectively assist the soldier in his assessment of his own Pd. If a computer could accurately predict Pd, it would be able to expedite the process of concealing ground vehicles within enemy territory and supporting tactical planning. This also helps cut down development time on new camouflage treatments and concealment methods. All of this is critical to the survivability of the soldier and ground vehicles. The metrics in this paper, called Target Structure Similarity Metrics (TSSM), are derived from the popular Structural Similarity Metric. These metrics take into account certain hypothesized characteristics of the human vision system (HVS), such as sensitivity to edges and sensitivity to areas of high contrast. TSSM use these qualities to measure image quality by comparing a non-distorted reference image against a distorted image. The metric is then a measurement of how closely specific qualities of the distorted image resemble those of the reference image. The TSSM clutter 332

metric is based on the signal processing features of human vision aided by computer comparison of the images. DTIC Clutter; Combat; Detection; Image Processing; Probability Theory; Target Acquisition; Visual Perception

20060049628 Czech Technical Univ., Prague, Czechoslovakia Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Environment Pechoucek, Michal; Rehak, Martin; Sislak, David; Benda, Petr; Foltyn, Lukas; Tozicka, Jan; Jisl, Pavel; Volf, Premysl; Nov 30, 2005; 135 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-04-1-3044 Report No.(s): AD-A454661; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy The suggested research effort aims at continuation of the research in the field of social knowledge, social behavior and meta-reasoning in multi-agent systems. The main and fundamental theme of this research project is extending meta-reasoning and social knowledge manipulation to the problem of intent modeling in the non-trivial domains of non-cooperative, competitive, i.e. adversarial behavior. The main ambition is to extend meta-reasoning for the problem of intent modeling in the non-cooperative, cooperative, i.e. primarily adversarial domain. This effort retains the focus on environments with partial communication inaccessibility. This extension of the metareasoning to adversarial agent behavior is a natural step in applicability of this technology to Information Operations. Dr. Pechoucek has a long and successful history with AFRL working under grants to Czech Tech University with Dr. Vladimir Marik. Deliverable 1: (month 6) Interim report defining the concept of non-collaboratively and hostility in multi-agent systems. with design of a scenario for investigating agents social behaviour in non-collaborative and adversarial environment. Deliverable 2: (month 12) Interim report describing potential role of agent’s acquaintance model, social knowledge and meta-reasoning in non-collaborative environment with partial communication accessibility. Deliverable 3: (month 18) Comprehensive final report providing technical description of the entire research effort including formal definition of measures and quantities of agents collective behaviour, adapted social knowledge model, meta-reasoning model and coalition formation algorithms for non-collaborative and adversarial environments and proof-of-concept experimental verification. DTIC Conditions; Hazards

20060049654 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Experiments in Expression Recognition Skelley, James P; Aug 16, 2005; 42 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454701; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Despite the significant effort devoted to methods for expression recognition, suitable training and test databases designed explicitly for expression research have been largely neglected. Additionally, possible techniques for expression recognition within an Man-Machine-Interface (MMI) domain are numerous, but it remains unclear what methods are most effective for expression recognition. In response, this thesis describes the means by which an appropriate expression database has been generated and then enumerates the results of five different recognition methods as applied to that database. An analysis of the results of these experiments is given, and conclusions for future research based upon these results is put forth. DTIC Data Bases; Image Processing; Pattern Recognition

20060049655 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Balancing Multiple Sources of Reward in Reinforcement Learning Shelton, Christian R; Jan 2006; 8 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-93-1-3085; N00014-95-1-0600 Report No.(s): AD-A454702; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy For many problems which would be natural for reinforcement learning, the reward signal is not a single scalar value but has multiple scalar components. Examples of such problems include agents with multiple goals and agents with multiple users. Creating a single reward value by combining the multiple components can throw away vital information and can lead to incorrect solutions. We describe the multiple reward source problem and discuss the problems with applying traditional 333

reinforcement learning. We then present an new algorithm for finding a solution and results on simulated environments. DTIC Artificial Intelligence; Balancing; Machine Learning 20060049663 Baker (Wilfred) Engineering, Inc., San Antonio, TX USA A New Biologically Motivated Framework for Robust Object Recognition Serre, Thomas; Wolf, Lior; Poggio, Tomaso; Nov 2004; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454724; CBCL-MEMO-243; AL MEMO-2004-026; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper,we introduce a novel set of features for robust object recognition, which exhibits outstanding performances on a variety of object categories while being capable of learning from only a few training examples. Each element of this set is a complex feature obtained by combining position- and scale-tolerant edge-detectors over neighboring positions and multiple orientations. Our system motivated by a quantitative model of visual cortex outperforms state-of-the-art systems on a variety of object image datasets from different groups. We also show that our system is able to learn from very few examples with no prior category knowledge. The success of the approach is also a suggestive plausibility proof for a class of feed-forward models of object recognition in cortex. Finally, we conjecture the existence of a universal overcomplete dictionary of features that could handle the recognition of all object categories. DTIC Cerebral Cortex; Computer Vision; Pattern Recognition; Vector Analysis; Visual Stimuli 20060049698 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Distributed Detection from Multiple Sensors with Correlated Observations Chau, Y A; Geraniotis, E; Jan 1989; 47 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1375; CDR-8803012 Report No.(s): AD-A454790; SRC-TR-89-79; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We address two problems of memoryless distributed detection with dependent observations across time and sensors. In the first problem, the observation sequence of each sensor consists of a common weak signal in additive dependent noise with stationary univariate and second-order joint densities; here the objective of the sensors is to cooperatively detect the presence of a weak signal. In the second problem, the observation sequence of each sensor is characterized by its stationary univariate and second-order joint densities; here the objective of the sensors is to cooperatively disrciminate between two arbitrary such sequences of observations. For both problems, the analysis and design are based on a common large sarnple size. The dependence across time and sensors is modeled by rn-dependent, %-mixing, or p-mixing processes. The perfonnance of the two-sensor configuration for each problem is measured by an average cost, Which couples the decisions of the sensors. The design criteria for the test satistics of the sensors, which constist of sums of memoryless norlinearities, are established by using two-dimensional Chemoff bounds on the associated error probabilities involved in the average cost. The optimal nonlinearities are obtain as the solutions of linear coupled or uncoupled integral equations. Numerical results for specific cases of practical interest show that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to the one which ignores the dependence across time and/or sensors for each of the two problems. DTIC Data Acquisition; Detection; Parallel Processing (Computers) 20060049699 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Optimal Quantization and Fusion in Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection of Weak Signals in Dependent Noise Chau, Yawgeng A; Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1989; 42 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1375; CDR-8803012 Report No.(s): AD-A454791; SRC-TR-89-80; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Two problems of memoryless quantization and data fusion for the detection of a weak signal in stationary dependent noise are addressed: (i) fusion from sensors with mutually independent observations across sensors but dependent across time and (ii) fusion from sensors with correlated observations across time and sensors. For each problem, we consider four distinct schemes (a) fusing the test statistics formed by the sensors without previous quantization, (b) quantizing suhoptimally each observation and then fusing, (c) quantizing optimally each observation and then fusing, and (d) quantizing optimally each test statistic of the sensors and then fusing The observation sequence of each sensor consists of a common weak signal disturbed by an additive stationary m-dependent, phi-mixing or rho-mixing noise process. To guarantee high-quality performance, a 334

common large sample size is employed by each sensor. Design criteria are developed from the Neyman-Pearson test in the fusion center for the optimal memoryless sensor test statistics and the sensor quantizer pararneters (quantization levels and breakpoints); these design criteria are shown to involve an extension of the asymptotic relative efficiency used in single-sensor detection and quantization. Numerical results in support of the analysis are given for the case of dependent rho-mixing Cauchy noise. DTIC Data Acquisition; Multisensor Applications; Multisensor Fusion; Signal Detection

20060049700 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multiplexing for High-Capacity Optical Networks Ghaffari, B; Geraniotis, E; Jan 1989; 28 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1375; CDR-8803012 Report No.(s): AD-A454792; SRC-TR-89-81; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper provides an accurate analysis of the performance of a random-carrier (RC) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) scheme recenily introduced for use in high-capacity optical networks. According to this scheme coherent optical techniques are employed to exploit the huge bandwidth of single-mode optical fibers and are coupled with spread spectrum direct-sequence modulation in order to mitigate the interference from other signals due to the frcquency overlap caused by the instability of the carrier frequency of the laser, or to the mistakes in the frequency coordination and assignment. The average bit error pmbability of this multiplexing scheme is evaluated by using the characteristic function of the other-user interference at the output of the matched optical filter. Both phase noise and thermal noise (AWGN) are taken into account in the computation. Both synchronous and asynchronous Systems are analyzed in this context. The analysis is valid for any spreading gain and any number of interfering users and makes very limited use of approximations. The performance evaluation of RC CDMA establishes the potential advantage in employing hybrids of WDMA (wavelength-division multiple-access) and CDMA multiplexing to combat inter-carrier interference in dense WDMA systems. DTIC Carrier Waves; Code Division Multiple Access; Coherent Radiation; Multiplexing; Optical Communication

20060049714 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA StreetScenes: Towards Scene Understanding in Still Images Bileschi, Stanley M; May 2006; 183 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454810; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy This thesis describes an effort to construct a scene understanding system that is able to analyze the content of real images. While constructing the system we had to provide solutions to many of the fundamental questions that every student of object recognition deals with daily. These include the choice of data set, the choice of success measurement, the representation of the image content, the selection of inference engine, and the representation of the relations between objects. The main test-bed for our system is the CBCL StreetScenes data base. It is a carefully labeled set of images, much larger than any similar data set available at the time it was collected. Each image in this data set was labeled for 9 common classes such as cars, pedestrians, roads and trees. Our system represents each image using a set of features that are based on a model of the human visual system constructed in our lab. We demonstrate that this biologically motivated image representation, along with its extensions, constitutes an effective representation for object detection, facilitating unprecedented levels of detection accuracy. Similarly to biological vision systems, our system uses hierarchical representations. We therefore explore the possible ways of combining information across the hierarchy into the final perception. Our system is trained using standard machine learning machinery, which was first applied to computer vision in earlier work of Prof. Poggio and others. We demonstrate how the same standard methods can be used to model relations between objects in images as well, capturing context information. The resulting system detects and localizes, using a unified set of tools and image representations, compact objects such as cars, amorphous objects such as trees and roads, and the relations between objects within the scene. The same representation also excels in identifying objects in clutter without scanning the image. DTIC Artificial Intelligence; Image Processing; Pattern Recognition 335

20060049720 Natural Interaction Systems, LLC, Portland, OR USA Edge-Splitting in a Cumulative Multimodal System, for a No-Wait Temporal Threshold on Information Fusion, Combined with an Under-Specified Display Kaiser, Edward C; Barthelmess, Paulo; Jan 2006; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NBCHD030010 Report No.(s): AD-A454818; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Predicting the end of user input turns in a multimodal system can be complex. User interactions vary across a spectrum from single, unimodal inputs to multimodal combinations delivered either simultaneously or sequentially. Early multimodal systems used a fixed duration temporal threshold to determine how long to wait for the next input before processing and integration. Several recent studies have proposed using dynamic or adaptive temporal thresholds to predict turn segmentation and thus achieve faster system response times. We introduce an approach that requires no temporal threshold. First we contrast current multimodal command interfaces to a new class of cumulative-observant multimodal systems that we introduce. Within that new system class we show how our technique of edge-splitting combined with our strategy for under-specified, no-wait, visual feedback resolves parsing problems that underlie turn segmentation errors. Test results show a 46.2% significant reduction in multimodal recognition errors, compared to not using these techniques. DTIC Parsing Algorithms; Speech 20060049721 Rochester Univ., NY USA Skeletons in the Parser: Using a Shallow Parser to Improve Deep Parsing Swift, Mary; Allen, James; Gildea, Daniel; Aug 2004; 8 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NBCH-D-03-0010; NSF-IIS-0328810 Report No.(s): AD-A454820; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We describe a simple approach for integrating shallow and deep parsing. We use phrase structure bracketing obtained from the Collins parser as filters to guide deep parsing. Our experiments demonstrate that our technique yields substantial gains in speed along with modest improvements in accuracy. DTIC Musculoskeletal System; Parsing Algorithms 20060049738 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Multireception Probabilities for FH/SSMA Communications Ketseoglou, Thomas; Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1989; 19 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-86-K-0013; NSF-CDR-8803012 Report No.(s): AD-A454840; SRC-TR-89-83; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Exact expressions for the probabilities P (l,m -l|k) of l correct packet receptions and m-l erroneous ones, out of total k packets contending in a slot, are presented for the case of frequency-hopped spread-spectrum random-access slotted networks employing random frequency hopping patterns. These expressions are difficult to evaluate numerically for values of m \g3. However, our numerical analysis indicates that under light traffic conditions these probability values are very close to the ones provided by the independent receiver operation assumption, under which, the distribution of multireception obeys the binomial law. DTIC Error Correcting Codes; Probability Theory; Signal Processing 20060049742 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning With a Multi-Level Architecture Spector, Lee; Hendler, James; Nov 26, 1990; 38 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-88-K-0560; NSF-IRI-89-07890 Report No.(s): AD-A454844; SRC-TR-90-78; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This report demonstrates the use of ‘multi-level’ or ‘layered’ knowledge representation in Artificial Intelligence planning systems. Although multi-level representation schemes have been in use since the earliest days of AI, certain principles and advantages of knowledge stratification have never been made fully explicit. This paper examines issues of multi-level knowledge representation in the context of ‘reactive planning systems"; that is, in systems which extend the applicability of AI planning systems to complex, dynamic domains. The complexity and real-time requirements of reactive planning have 336

lead several researchers to propose multi-level approaches. Our aim is to improve upon the state of the art in reactive planning by bringing to bear an analysis of the principles of multi-level event and action representation. Our work has lead to the implementation of a prototype architecture (called APE, for Abstraction-Partitioned Evaluator) and, within this architecture, a reactive planner (HomeBot) which operates in a household task domain. DTIC Architecture (Computers); Artificial Intelligence; Information Management; Reactivity 20060049757 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Neural Networks for Sequential Discrimination of Radar Targets Haimerl, Joseph A; Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1991; 24 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-85-G-0213; NSF-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454861; SRC-TR-91-26; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper, perceptron neural networks are applied to the problem of discriminating between two classes of radar returns. The perceptron neural networks are used as nonlinearities in two threshold sequential discriminators which act upon samples of the radar return. The test statistic compared to the thresholds is of the form T sub n(Z) = sum over j=1 to n-K+1 of [gamma(Zj,Zj+1,... ,Zj+K-1)] where Z sub i, i = 1,2,3,... are the radar samples and gamma() is the nonlinearity formed by the neural network. Numerical results are presented and compared to existing discrimination schemes. DTIC Neural Nets; Radar Targets; Target Recognition 20060049775 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vision Systems Wolf, Lior; Bileschi, Stan; Meyers, Ethan; Jan 2006; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454881; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Flat appearance-based systems, which combine clever image representations with standard classifiers, might be the most effective way to recognize objects using current technologies. In the future, however, it seems probable that hierarchical representations might have better performance. In such systems, the image representation consists of a sequence of sets of features, where each subsequent set is computed based on the previous sets. The main contributions of this paper are to: (1) pose the question what is the best way to employ discriminative methods for hierarchical image representations? ; (2) enumerate some of the alternative hierarchies while drawing connections to recent work by brain researchers; (3) study experimentally the different alternatives. As we will show, the strategy used can make a substantial difference. DTIC Classifications; Computer Vision; Discriminant Analysis (Statistics); Pattern Recognition 20060049798 Danish Defence Research Establishment, Copenhagen, Denmark Virtual Reality in Denmark Rasmussen, Lisbeth M; Dec 1, 2005; 41 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454907; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Denmark; Geographic Information Systems; Simulators; Virtual Reality 20060049799 Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario Canada Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey Project - Canada Magee, Lochlan; Dec 1, 2005; 71 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454908; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy No abstract available Augmentation; Canada; Military Technology; Surveys; Virtual Reality 20060049808 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements Spector, Lee; Andersen, Bill; Hendler, James; Kettler, Brian; Schwartzman, Eugene; Woods, Cynthia; Evett, Matthew; Jan 28, 1992; 23 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-91-J-1451; IRI-8907890 Report No.(s): AD-A454920; SRC-TR-92-10; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 337

Our research group has designed and implemented a symbolic knowledge representation system called PARKA which runs on the Connection Machine, a massively parallel SfMD computer. The semantics of this system are discussed. The details of the Connection Machine implementation and discussions of performance considerations can he found. In the past year the PARKA project has made significant advances along several fronts of both theoretical and practical significance. This paper summarizes some of this work and outlines directions for further research. DTIC Augmentation; Knowledge Based Systems; Knowledge Representation; Symbolic Programming 20060049811 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Identification of Infinite Dimensional Systems via Adaptive Wavelet Neural Networks Zhuang, Y; Baras, J S; Jan 1993; 24 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-01054; CDR-8803012 Report No.(s): AD-A454923; ISR-TR-93-64; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We consider identification of distributed systems via adaptive wavelet neural networks (AWNNs). We take advantage of the multiresolution property of wavelet systems and the computational structure of neural networks to approximate the unknown plant successively. A systematic approach is developed in this paper to find the optimal discrete orthonormal wavelet basis with compact support for spanning the subspaces employed for system identification. We then apply backpropagation algorithm to train the network with supervision to emulate the unknown system. This work is applicable to signal representation and compression under the optimal orthonormal wavelet basis in addition to autoregressive system identification and modeling. We anticipate that this work be intuitive for practical applications in the areas of controls and signal processing. DTIC Neural Nets; Wavelet Analysis 20060049822 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA On the Role of Object-Specific Features for Real World Object Recognition in Biological Vision Serre, Thomas; Riesenhuber, Maximilian; Louie, Jennifer; Poggio, Tomaso; Jan 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0907; IIS-0085836 Report No.(s): AD-A454940; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Models of object recognition in cortex have so far been mostly applied to tasks involving the recognition of isolated objects presented on blank backgrounds. However, ultimately models of the visual system have to prove themselves in real world object recognition tasks. Here we took a first step in this direction: We investigated the performance of the HMAX model of object recognition in cortex recently presented by Riesenhuber & Poggio on the task of face detection using natural images. We found that the standard version of HMAX performs rather poorly on this task, due to the low specificity of the hardwired feature set of C2 units in the model (corresponding to neurons in intermediate visual area V4) that do not show any particular tuning for faces vs. background. We show how visual features of intermediate complexity can be learned in HMAX using a simple learning rule. Using this rule, HMAX outperforms a classical machine vision face detection system presented in the literature. This suggests an important role for the set of features in intermediate visual areas in object recognition. DTIC Computer Vision; Pattern Recognition 20060049823 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Regularization Through Feature Knock Out Wolf, Lior; Martin, Ian; Nov 2004; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454942; AI-MEMO-2004-025; CBCL-MEMO-242; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper, we present and analyze a novel regularization technique based on enhancing our dataset with corrupted copies of the original data. The motivation is that since the learning algorithm lacks information about which parts of the data are reliable, it has to produce more robust classification functions. We then demonstrate how this regularization leads to redundancy in the resulting classifiers, which is somewhat in contrast to the common interpretations of the Occam’s razor principle. Using this framework, we propose a simple addition to the gentle boosting algorithm which enables it to work with 338

only a few examples. We test this new algorithm on a variety of datasets and show convincing results. DTIC Algorithms; Classifications; Computer Vision; Redundancy 20060049824 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA On the Effects of the Initial Condition in State Estimation for Discrete-Time Linear Systems Sowers, Richard B; Makowski, Armand M; Jan 1992; 63 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-91-J-1526; ECS-83-51836 Report No.(s): AD-A454943; SRC-TR-92-114; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy We consider the one step prediction problem for discrete time linear systems in correlated Gaussian white plant and observation noises, and non-Gaussian initial conditions. Explicit representations are obtained for the MMSE and LLSE (or Kalman) estimates of the state given past observations, as well as for the expected square of their difference. These formulae are obtained with the help of the Girsanov transformation for Gaussian white noise sequences, and explicitly display the effects of the distribution of the initial condition. With the help of these formulae, we investigate the large time asymptotics of epsilon sub t, the expected squared difference between the MMSE and LLSE estimates at time t. We characterize the limit of the error sequence {epsilon sub t, t = 1,2,... } and obtain some related rates of convergence. A complete large time analysis is provided for the scalar case. DTIC Kalman Filters; Linear Systems; State Estimation; White Noise 20060049843 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Robust Learning and Segmentation for Scene Understanding Martin, Ian S; May 2005; 92 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454967; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This thesis demonstrates methods useful in learning to understand images from only a few examples, but they are by no means limited to this application. Boosting techniques are popular because they learn effective classification functions and identify the most relevant features at the same time. However, in general, they overfit and perform poorly on data sets that contain many features, but few examples. A novel stochastic regularization technique is presented, based on enhancing data sets with corrupted copies of the examples to produce a more robust classifier. This regularization technique enables the gentle boosting algorithm to work well with only a few examples. It is tested on a variety of data sets from various domains, including object recognition and bioinformatics, with convincing results. In the second part of this work, a novel technique for extracting texture edges is introduced, based on the combination of a patch-based approach, and non-parametric tests of distributions. This technique can reliably detect texture edges using only local information, making it a useful preprocessing step prior to segmentation. Combined with a parametric deformable model, this technique provides smooth boundaries and globally salient structures. DTIC Pattern Recognition; Segments 20060050053 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Controls McDowell, Mark, Inventor; September 12, 2006; 36 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 4 Feb. 2005; US-Patent- 7,106,502; US-Patent-Appl-SN-053758; NASA-Case-LEW-17484-2; US-Patent-Appl-SN-645999; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050053; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A Microscope Imaging System (CMIS) with intelligent controls is disclosed that provides techniques for scanning, identifying, detecting and tracking microscopic changes in selected characteristics or features of various surfaces including, but not limited to, cells, spheres, and manufactured products subject to difficult-to-see imperfections. The practice of the present invention provides applications that include colloidal hard spheres experiments, biological cell detection for patch clamping, cell movement and tracking, as well as defect identification in products, such as semiconductor devices, where surface damage can be significant, but difficult to detect. The CMIS system is a machine vision system, which combines intelligent image processing with remote control capabilities and provides the ability to autofocus on a microscope sample, 339

automatically scan an image, and perform machine vision analysis on multiple samples simultaneously. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Image Processing; Microscopy; Colloids; Spheres; Identifying; Detection; Cells (Biology); Robotics; Remote Control

20060050064 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Optimization of Training Sets For Neural-Net Processing of Characteristic Patterns From Vibrating Solids Decker, Arthur J., Inventor; July 04, 2006; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 1 Apr. 2003; US-Patent-7,072,874; US-Patent-Appl-SN-404725; NASA-CASE-LEW-17,238-1; US-Patent-Appl-SN-404222; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050064; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy An artificial neural network is disclosed that processes holography generated characteristic pattern of vibrating structures along with finite-element models. The present invention provides for a folding operation for conditioning training sets for optimally training forward-neural networks to process characteristic fringe pattern. The folding pattern increases the sensitivity of the feed-forward network for detecting changes in the characteristic pattern The folding routine manipulates input pixels so as to be scaled according to the location in an intensity range rather than the position in the characteristic pattern. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Neural Nets; Solids; Vibration; Optimization

20060050168 Stanford Research Inst., CA USA Robot Research at Stanford Research Institute Raphael, Bertram; Feb 1972; 26 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454875; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Robots; Systems Integration

20060050208 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Identification of Connectivity in Neural Networks Yang, Xiaowei; Shamma, Shihab A; Jan 1989; 41 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454736; SRC-TR-89-36; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Analytical and experimental methods are provided for estimating synaptic connectivities from simultaneous recordings of multiple neurons. The results are based on detailed, yet flexible neuron models in which spike trains are modeled as general doubly stochastic point processes. The expressions derived can be used with non-stationary or stationary records, and can be readily extended from pair-wise to multi-neuron estimates. Furthermore, we show analytically how the estimates are improved as more neurons are sampled, and derive the appropriate normalizations to eliminate stimulus-related correlations. Finally, we illustrate the use and interpretation of the analytical expressions on simulated spike trains and neural networks, and give explicit confidence measures on the estimates. DTIC Neural Nets; Applications of Mathematics

20060050223 California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA USA Attentional Selection for Object Recognition - A Gentle Way Walther, Dirk; Itti, Laurent; Riesenhuber, Maximilian; Poggio, Tomaso; Koch, Christof; Nov 2002; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454969; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Attentional selection of an object for recognition is often modeled using all-or-nothing switching of neuronal connection pathways from the attended region of the retinal input to the recognition units. However, there is little physiological evidence for such all-or-none modulation in early areas. We present a combined model for spatial attention and object recognition in which the recognition system monitors the entire visual field, but attentional modulation by as little as 20% at a high level is sufficient to recognize multiple objects. To determine the size and shape of the region to be modulated, a rough segmentation is performed, based on pre-attentive features already computed to guide attention. Testing with synthetic and natural stimuli 340

demonstrates that our new approach to attentional selection for recognition yields encouraging results in addition to being biologically plausible. DTIC Pattern Recognition; Neurophysiology; Visual Fields

20060050229 Rochester Univ., NY USA Incremental Parsing with Reference Interaction Stoness, Scott C; Tetreault, Joel; Allen, James; Jul 2004; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-1-1015 Report No.(s): AD-A454819; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We present a general architecture for incremental interaction between modules in a speech-to-intention continuous understanding dialogue system. This architecture is then instantiated in the form of an incremental parser which receives suitability feedback on NP constituents from a reference resolution module. Oracle results indicate that perfect NP suitability judgments can provide a labelled-bracket error reduction of as much as 42% and an efficiency improvement of 30%. Preliminary experiments in which the parser incorporates feedback judgments based on the set of referents found in the discourse context achieve a maximum error reduction of 9.3% and efficiency gain of 4.6%. The parser is also able to incrementally instantiate the semantics of underspecified pronouns based on matches from the discourse context. These results suggest that the architecture holds promise as a platform for incremental parsing supporting continuous understanding. DTIC Parsing Algorithms; Speech Recognition

64 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS Includes iteration, differential and difference equations, and numerical approximation.

20060048615 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Discrimination Against Partially Overlapping Interference -Its Effect on Throughput in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Access Channels Wieselthier, Jeffrey E; Ephremides, Anthony; Feb 1986; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453209; TR-87-11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453209; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In this paper we derive the probability of correct packet recep(ion and the resulting channel throughput achievable in an asynchronous slow-frequency-hopped multiple user channel. Reed-Solomon coding is used to correct errors caused by other-user interference in an otherwise noiseless channel. We analy,e and evaluate an M-ary FSK signaling scheme, which permits the discrimination against interfering signals that are present for a sufficiently small fraction of the hop duration, and results in substantial increases in channel throughput over previous models. DTIC Code Division Multiple Access; Frequencies; Frequency Division Multiple Access; Multiple Access; Target Recognition

20060048616 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA A Continuous-Time Distributed Version of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing Problem LaVigna, Anthony; Makowski, Armand M; Baras, John S; Jan 1985; 19 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; N00014-83-K-0731 Report No.(s): AD-A453211; SRC-TR-85-40; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453211; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper discusses a distributed version of Wald’s sequential hypothesis testing problem in the continuous time framework. DTIC Decision Making; Discrete Functions; Hypotheses; Probability Distribution Functions 341

20060048618 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Robust Control of Bifurcating Nonlinear Systems With Applications Lee, Hsien-Chiarn; Jan 1991; 200 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0015; NSF-ECS86-57561 Report No.(s): AD-A453213; SRC-91-11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453213; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy This dissertation addresses issues in the robust control of nonlinear dynamic systems near points of bifurcation, with application to the feedback control of aircraft high angle-of-attack flight dynamics. Specifically, we consider nonlinear control systems for which a nominal equilibrium point loses stability with slight variation of a distinguished system parameter (the ‘bifurcation parameter’). At such a loss of stability, various static and dynamic bifurcations may occur. These bifurcations often entail the emergence from the nominal equilibrium of new equilibrium points or of periodic solutions. The control laws sought in this work are intended to achieve certain goals related to the stability and/or amplitude of the bifurcated solutions. DTIC Control; Nonlinear Systems

20060048620 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Discrete Representation of Signals from Infinite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces with Application to Noise Suppression and Compression Teolis, Anthony; Jan 1993; 217 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-91-J-1003; NSFD-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A453215; ISR-PHD-93-5; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453215; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy Addressed in this thesis is the issue of representing signals from infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces in a discrete form. The discrete representations which are studied come from the irregular samples of a signal dependent transform called the group representation transform, e.g., the wavelet and Gabor transforms. The main issues dealt with are (i) the recoverability of a signal from its discrete representation, (ii) the suppression of noise in a corrupted signal, and (iii) compression through efficient discrete representation. DTIC Discrete Functions; Hilbert Space; Noise Reduction; Probability Distribution Functions

20060048621 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Motion Control and Planning for Nonholonomic Kinematic Chains Tsakiris, Dimitrios P; Jan 1995; 205 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL03-92-G-0121; AFOSR-90-0105 Report No.(s): AD-A453216; ISR-PHD-95-4; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453216; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy In this dissertation we examine a class of systems where nonholonomic kinematic constraints are combined with periodic shape variations, giving rise to a snake-like undulating motion of the system. Within this class, we distinguish two subclasses, one where the system possesses enough kinematic constraints to allow the control of its motion to be based entirely on kinematics and another which does not; in the latter case, the dynamics plays a crucial role in complementing the kinematics and in making motion control possible. An instance of these systems are the Nonholonomic Variable Geometry Truss (NVGT) assemblies, where shape changes are implemented by parallel manipulator modules, while the nonholonomic constraints are imposed by idler wheels attached to the assembly. We assume that the wheels roll without slipping on the ground, thus constraining the instantaneous motion of the assembly. These assemblies can be considered as land locomotion alternatives to systems based on legs or actuated wheels. Their propulsion combines features of both biological systems like skating humans and snakes and of man-made systems like orbiting satellites with manipulator arms. The NVGT assemblies can be modeled in terms of the Special Euclidean group of rigid motions on the plane. Generalization to nonholonomic kinematic chains on other Lie groups (U) gives rise to the notion of U-Snakes. DTIC Chains; Kinematics; Motion; Shapes; Trajectory Control 342

20060048622 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Noisy Precursors for Nonlinear System Instability With Application to Axial Flow Compressors Kim, Taihyun; Jan 1997; 127 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-96-1-0161 Report No.(s): AD-A453217; ISR-PHD-97-6; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453217; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy This dissertation addresses monitoring of nonlinear systems for detection and prediction of incipient instabilities. The analysis and design presented here rely on the in uence of noise on system behavior near the onset of instability. The work is of relevance to high performance engineering systems, which are often operated with a low stability margin in order to maximize performance. In such a stressed operating mode, a small or moderate disturbance can result in loss of stability of the nominal operating condition. This can be followed by operation in a new lower performance mode, oscillatory behavior, or even system collapse. All of these conditions can be viewed as bifurcations in the underlying dynamical models. Prediction of the precise onset points of these instabilities is made di cult by the lack of accurate models for complex engineering systems. Thus, in this thesis monitoring systems are proposed that can signal an approaching instability before it occurs, without requiring a precise system model. DTIC Nonlinear Systems; Stability; Turbocompressors 20060048623 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Analytical Solutions and Approximations Guen, Levent; Jan 1986; 160 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; NSFD-CDR-85-00108 Report No.(s): AD-A453218; SRC-MS-87-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453218; Avail.: CASI: A08, Hardcopy Consider a production system composed of many processing stages (servers) through which the material (jobs) must pass in some prespecifled order. The performance of such a system is impaired by variations in servers behavior due either to failures or to fluctuations in service times. The effects of these variations can be mitigated by using intermediate storage spaces (buffers) between the servers. However, because of physical limitations on buffer spaces and variations in the service times, the flow of jobs through the system may get blocked. Queueing systems with blocking have a wider applicability in that they can also be used to model computer systems, telecommunication networks and distributed systems, to name a few applications. DTIC Blocking; Computer Storage Devices; Data Storage; Discrete Functions; Probability Distribution Functions; Queueing Theory 20060048624 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA New Results in Discrete-Time Nonlinear Filtering Sowers, Richard B; Jan 1988; 27 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453221; SRC-MS-88-7; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453221; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We consider a discrete-time linear system with correlated Gaussian plant and observation noises and non-Gaussian initial condition independent of the plant and observation noises. We firstly find a solution for the filtering problem; we find a representation for the conditional distribution of the state at time t given the observations up to time t - 1. This representation is in terms of a finite collection of easily-computable statistics. With this solution to the filtering problem, we then find representations for the MMSE and LLSE estimates of the state given the previous observations, and the mean-square error between the two. (Of course the MMSE estimate will in general be a nonlinear function of the observations, whereas the LLSE estimate is by definition linear and is given by the KJman filtering equations.) We then consider the asymptotic behavior of the mean-square error between the MMSE and LLSE estimates as time tends to infinity. We find conditions on the system dynamics under which the effects of the initial condition die out; under these conditions the non-Gaussian nature of the initial condition becomes unimportant as t becomes large. The practical value of this result is dear-under these conditions, the LLSE estimate, which is usually less costly to generate than the MMSE estimate, is asymptotically as good as the MMSE estimate (i.e., asymptotically optimal) in the mean-square sense. DTIC Discrete Functions; Nonlinear Filters; Probability Distribution Functions 343

20060048635 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA An Investigation of Control Strategies for Friction Compensation Ehrich, Naomi E; Jan 1991; 162 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFSOR-90-0105; NSFD-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A453240; SRC-MS-91-4; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453240; Avail.: CASI: A08, Hardcopy Control strategies are investigated for friction compensation in servomechanisms. As part of the investigation, several different models of friction are reviewed and analyzed for their relevancy to the control problem. Models of friction at zero and near-zero velocities are of particular concern since in this regime friction can introduce oscillations. These different models are considered in friction-compensating adaptive control design. Three friction-compensating adaptive controllers are designed based on strategies proposed in the literature. Adaptive controllers are well-suited to the friction compensation problem since they are nonlinear and have the additional advantage of providing system identification and tracking of slowly-varying parameters such as friction parameters. Stability analyses are performed for the controllers and yield asymptotic stability results for the system error. An original stability proof employing passivity theory is provided for one of the controllers. To test the effectiveness of the adaptive controllers, an experimental program is designed and implemented on a direct drive dc motor. Comparative position trajectory tracking experiments are performed with the three adaptive controllers, a controller with dither (a commonly-used heuristic friction-compensating controller), and a traditional linear controller used as a benchmark. The results show that the adaptive controllers outperform the more traditional heuristic and linear controllers. Additionally, the experiments yield insight into the appropriateness of the different friction models under the tested operating conditions. In particular, the less popular Dahl model is observed to provide a reliable representation of friction behavior near zero velocity. DTIC Adaptive Control; Friction 20060048637 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Smart Structures and Wavelet Based System Identification Rezaiifar, Ramin; Jan 1993; 125 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL03-82-G-01201; NSF-ECS90-96121 Report No.(s): AD-A453244; ISR-MS-93-18; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453244; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy In this thesis we study the problem of modeling and control of vibrations of a flexible structure. Different approaches have been considered for fitting a finite dimensional model to the infinite dimensional system. In particular we used a discretization method to model the cantilever beam and using this model and taking into account the saturation of input signal, we have designed and analyzed a nonlinear controller. An observer based version of the controller has also been implemented and shown to be stable. A simulation program is written for solving the governing partial differential equation for a cantilever beam and the effect of passive damping due to viscous and internal damping has been considered to get a more realistic simulation. Finally a general algorithm for nonparametric system identification is developed and implemented and is used to obtain an approximation to the transfer function matrix of a smart structure. The results are compared with conventional methods. DTIC Cantilever Beams; Damping; Smart Structures; System Identification; Vibration; Wavelet Analysis 20060048649 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Impact and Force Control of Flexible Manipulators Salmatjidis, Ioanis; Jan 1991; 120 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0105; NSFD-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A453256; SRC-MS-91-5; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453256; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy We consider the force control problem of a one degree-of-freedom flexible robot manipulator. We approximate the distributed parameter flexible structure by a finite number of rigid elements connected by means of torsional springs. We assume that the arm tip interacts with the environment under rigid, frictionless, point contact conditions. The kinematic (holonomic) constraints which hold when contact is established, are derived using tbe geometry of the problem. The free and constrained motion of the arm are predicted numerically using the Newmark integration method. Numerical results are compared to the empirical system response. The conventional energy principle method for predicting the maximum reaction force is demonstrated, along with a much more efficient method based on the evaluation of instantaneous’ velocity increments 344

just after impact. The latter assumes that velocities vary linearly between the time instants of initial contact and maximum force occurrence. Finally, a hybrid impact-force real-time controller for diminishing the impact effect is implemented and various design considerations are presented. DTIC Manipulators; Robots 20060048657 Advanced Information Engineering Services, Inc., Dayton, OH USA Energy Distribution Analysis of Impact Signals Based on Wavelet Decompositions Cheng, Zhiqing; Pellettiere, Joseph A; Pilkey, Walter D; May 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8650-04-D-6472; Proj-7184 Report No.(s): AD-A453280; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453280; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Impact signals are decomposed on orthogonal wavelet bases or wavelet packet bases. Based on these orthogonal decompositions, the energy distribution of an impact signal can be defined in two ways: (1) with respect to natural order of nodes or frequency index, representing the energy distribution at each node or frequency index; (2) with respect to time position and frequency index, providing an energy map over the time-frequency plane. Thus defined, energy distributions of impact responses can be used for the validation of finite element automobile crashworthiness modeling by comparing energy distributions between the signals from tests and simulations. DTIC Decomposition; Wavelet Analysis 20060048722 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA A Global Convergence Theory for the Celis-Dennis-Tapia Trust Region Algorithm for Constrained Optimization El-Alem, Mahmoud; May 1989; 52 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-85-0243; DE-FG05-85ER25017 Report No.(s): AD-A453382; TR-88-10; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453382; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy A global convergence theory for a class of trust-region algorithms for solving the equality constrained optimization problem is presented. This theory is suffidently general that it holds for any algorithm that generates steps that give at least a fraction of Cauchy decrease in the quadratic model of the con- straints and uses the augmented Lagrangian as a merit function. This theory is used to establish global convergence of the 1g84 Celis-Dennis-Tapia algorithm with a different scheme for updating the penalty parameter. The behavior of the penalty parameter is also discussed. DTIC Algorithms; Convergence 20060048742 California Univ., Davis, CA USA Distributed Tracing of Intruders Staniford-Chen, Stuart G; Jan 1995; 85 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453443; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453443; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Unwelcome intrusions into computer systems are being perpetrated by strangers, and the number of such incidents is rising steadily. One of the things that facilitates this malfeasance is that computer networks provide the ability for a user to log into multiple computer systems in sequence, changing identity with each step. This makes it very difficult to trace actions on a network of computers all the way back to their actual origins. We refer to this as the tracing problem. This thesis attempts to address this problem by the development of a technology called thumbprinting. Thumbprinting involves forming a signature of the data in a network connection. This signature is a small quantity which does not allow complete reconstruction of the data, but does allow comparison with signatures of other connections to determine with reasonable confidence whether the data were the same or not. This is a potential basis for a tracing system. The specific technology developed to perform this task is local thumbprinting. This involves forming linear combinations of the frequencies with which different characters occur in the network data sampled. The optimal linear combinations are chosen using a statistical methodology called principal component analysis. The difficulties which this process must overcome are outlined, and an algorithm for comparing the thumbprints which adaptively handles these difficulties is presented. A number of experiments with a trial implementation of this method are described. The method is shown to work successfully when given at least a minute and a half of reasonably 345

active network connection. This requires presently about 20 bytes per minute per connection of storage for the thumbprints. In addition, the existing (very limited) literature on the tracing problem is reviewed. DTIC Computer Information Security; Computer Networks; Computers; Intrusion 20060048753 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA On the Poisson Equation for Countable Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions and Parameter Dependence by Probabilistic Methods Makowski, Armand M; Shwartz, Adam; Jan 1994; 40 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; NSF-ECS-83-51836 Report No.(s): AD-A453497; ISR-TR-94-87; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453497; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper considers the Poisson equation associated with time-homogeneous Markov chains on a countable state space. The discussion emphasizes probabilistic arguments and focuses on three separate issues, namely (i) the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Poisson equation, (ii) growth estimates and bounds on these solutions, and (iii) their parametric dependence. Answers to these questions are obtained under a variety of recurrence conditions. Motivating applications can be found in the theory of Markov decision processes in both its adaptive and non-adaptive formulations, and in the theory of Stochastic Approximations. The results complement available results from Potential Theory for Markov chains, and are therefore of independent interest. DTIC Approximation; Dynamic Programming; Independent Variables; Markov Chains; Poisson Equation; Probability Theory; Stochastic Processes 20060048775 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Polar Phase Screens: A Comparison with Other Methods of Random Phase Screen Generation Eckert, Rebecca J; Mar 2006; 77 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453581; AFIT/GE/ENG/06-18; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453581; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This research provides the first organized comparison of random phase screen generation methods, including logarithmic polar Fourier series, using structure functions. Random phase screens are essential elements of simulating light propagation through turbulent media. In order to be effective, they must accurately reflect theory and be practical to implement. This research explains and evaluates three methods of generating random phase screens: using a Fourier series upon a polar frequency grid with logarithmic spacing; using the fast Fourier transform, with its Cartesian frequency grid; and using Zernike polynomials. It provides a comparison of the Polar Fourier Series technique with the two more common techniques (Fast Fourier Transform and Zernike), with the end result of giving the users enough information to choose which method best fits their needs. The evaluation criteria used are generation time (usability) and phase structure function (accuracy). DTIC Fourier Series; Polarity 20060048912 Colorado Univ., Denver, CO USA An Iterative Substructuring Method for Coupled Fluid-Solid Acoustic Problems Mandel, Jan; Nov 13, 2000; 15 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-95-1-0663; NSF-ECS97-25504 Report No.(s): AD-A453444; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A fast parallel iterative method is proposed for the solution of linear systems arizing from Finite Element discretization of the time harmonic acoustics of coupled uid-solid systems in uid pressure and solid displacement formulation. The method generalizes the FETI-H method for the Helmholtz equation to elastic scattering. The uid and the solid domains are decomposed into non-overlapping subdomains. Continuity of the solution enforced by Lagrange multipliers. The system is augmented by duplicating the degrees of freedom on the wet interface. The original degrees of freedom are then eliminated and the resulting system is solved by the GCR method preconditioned by a subspace correction. In each iteration, the method requires the solution of one independent acoustic problem per subdomain, and the solution of a coarse problem with several degrees of freedom per subdomain. Computational results show that the method is scalable with the problem size, frequency, and the number of subdomains. The number of iterations was mostly about same as the number of iterations of the FETI-H method 346

for the related Helmholtz problem with Neumann boundary condition instead of elastic scatterer. Convergence is explained from the spectrum of the iteration operator. DTIC Acoustics; Elastic Scattering 20060048953 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA A Global Convergence Theory for General Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for Equality Constrained Optimization Dennis, John E; El-Alem, Mahmoud; Maciel, Maria C; Aug 1995; 34 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-93-1-0212; DE-FG005-86ER25017 Report No.(s): AD-A453769; TR-92-28; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This work presents a global convergence theory for a broad class of trust-region algorithms for the smooth nonlinear programming problem with equality constraints. The main result generalizes Powell’s 1975 result for unconstrained trust-region algorithmic. The trial step is characterized by very mild conditions on its normal tangential components. The normal Component need not be computed accurately. The theory requires a quasi-normal component to satisfy a fraction of Cauchy decrease condition on the quadratic model of the linearized constraints. The tangential component then must satisfy a fraction of Cauchy decrease condition of a quadratic model of the Lagrasigian function in the translated tangent space of the constraints determined by the quasi-normal component. DTIC Algorithms; Convergence; Optimization 20060048966 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Approximation Methods for Inverse Problems Governed by Nonlinear Parabolic Systems Banks, H T; Mussante, C J; Raye, J K; Dec 17, 1999; 33 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-95-1-0236; F49620-98-1-0180 Report No.(s): AD-A453813; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We present a rigorous theoretical framework for approximation of nonlinear parabolic systems with delays in the context of inverse least squares problems. Convergence of approximate optimal parameters and that of forward solution in the context of semidiscrete Galerkin schemes are given. Sample numerical results demonstrating the convergence are given for a model of dioxin uptake and elimination in a distributed liver model that is a special case of the general theoretical framework. DTIC Approximation; Nonlinear Systems 20060048967 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA Optimization on Microcomputers: The Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm Dennis, Jr, J E; Woods, Daniel J; Dec 1985; 10 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG29-83-K-0035; AFOSR-85-0243 Report No.(s): AD-A453814; TR-85-9; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In this paper we describe the Nelder-Mead simplex method for obtaining the minimizer of a function. The Nelder-Mead algorithm has several properties that make it a natural choice for implementation and utilization on microcomputers. Stopping criteria for the method are presented as well as a brief discussion of the convergence properties of the method. An algorithmic statement of the method is included as an appendix. DTIC Algorithms; Microcomputers; Simplex Method 20060048978 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA The Combined Schubert/Secant Finite-Difference Algorithm for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations Dennis, Jr, J E; Li, Guangye; Nov 1986; 24 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-AS05-82ER1-13016; AFOSR-85-0243 Report No.(s): AD-A453834; TR-86-11; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper presents an algorithm the combined Schubert/secant/finite difference algorithm, for solving sparse nonlinear systems of equations. This algorithm is based on dividing the columns of the Jacobian into two parts, and using different algorithms on each part. This algorithm incorporates advantages of both algorithms by exploiting some special structure of 347

the Jacobian to obtain a good approximation to the Jacobian by using as little effort as possible. Kantorovich-type analysis and a locally q-superlinear convergence result for this algorithm are given. DTIC Algorithms; Differential Equations; Finite Difference Theory; Nonlinear Equations; Nonlinear Systems

20060048979 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA Successive Column Correction Algorithms for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations Li, Guangye; May 1986; 23 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-AS05-82ER1-13016; AFOSR-85-0243 Report No.(s): AD-A453835; TR-86-12; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper presents two algorithms for solving sparse nonlinear systems of equations: the CM-successive column correction algorithm and the modified CM-successive column correction algorithm. A q-superlinear convergence theorem and an r-convergence order estimate are given or both algorithms. The numerical results indicate that these two algorithms, especially the modified algorithm are probably more efficient than some currently used algorithms. DTIC Algorithms; Matrices (Mathematics); Nonlinear Systems

20060048982 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA A Variable-Metric Variant of the Karmarkar Algorithm for Linear Programming Dennis, Jr, J E; Morshedi, A M; Turner, Kathryn; Jan 1987; 33 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-AS05-82ER13016; DAAG29-83-K-0035 Report No.(s): AD-A453840; TR-86-13; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The most time-consuming part of the Karmarkar algorithm for linear programming is the projection of a vector onto the nullspace of a matrix that changes at each iteration. We present a variant of the Karmarkar algorithm that uses standard variable-metric techniques in an innovative way to approximate this projection. In limited tests, this modification greatly reduces the number of matrix factorizations needed for the solution of linear programming problems. DTIC Algorithms; Linear Programming

20060048984 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Remarks on Uncertainty Assessment and Management in Modeling and Computation Banks, H T; Jan 1998; 14 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-95-1-0447; F49620-98-1-0180 Report No.(s): AD-A453843; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We discuss questions related to uncertainty in scientific computations for mathematical models. A computationally tractable probabilistic framework to treat uncertainty in the estimation of parameters or inverse problems is given. The theory is illustrated by a simple computational example for the estimation of constant parameters in differential equations by treating the parameters as random variable. DTIC Computation; Mathematical Models

20060048988 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Gaussian Filters for Nonlinear Filtering Problems Ito, Kazufumi; Xiong, Kaiqi; May 25, 1999; 32 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-96-1-0265; F49620-95-1-0447 Report No.(s): AD-A453855; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper we develop and analyze real-time and accurate filters for nonlinear filtering problems based on the Gaussian distributions. We present the systematic formulation of Gaussian filters and develop efficient and accurate numerical integration of the optimal filter. We also discuss the mixed Gaussian filters in which the conditional probability density is approximated by the sum of Gaussian distributions. A new update rule of weights for Gaussian sum filters is proposed. Our 348

numerical testings demonstrate that new filters significantly improve the extended Kalman filter with no additional cost and the new Gaussian sum filter has a nearly optimal performance. DTIC Nonlinear Filters 20060048996 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Effective Bezout Identities in Q[z1,...,Zn] Berenstein, Carlos A; Yger, Alain; Jan 1987; 72 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453878; SRC-TR-87-200; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy If p(sub 1)..... , P(sub m)are n-variate polynomials with integral coefficients and no common zeros in C(exp n), Brownawell has shown in 1986 that there exist q(sub 1 )%...., q(sub m) polynomials with integral coefficients and nu is an element of Z(+) such that p(sub 1) q(sub 1) + ... + p(sub m) q(sub m) = nu, and max deg q(sub j) \h/= [max deg p(sub j) (exp n))]. On the other hand if h = logarithm of the largest coefficient of all the p(sub j), and h(sub 1) is the corresponding quantity for the q(sub j), then there is no sharp estimate of h(sub 1) in terms of h and max deg p(sub j). In this paper we show that when the variety of common zeros at infinity of the p(sub j) is discrete then (essentially) we have: h(sub 1) \h/= D(exp cn)h for an absolute constant c. If there were an algorithm to compute the q(sub j) in D(exp cn) time one would obtain exactly the above estimate. Current algorithms require about D(exp n squared) operations. DTIC Identities; Integrals; Polynomials 20060048997 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA On the Convergence of the Mizuno-Todd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center of the Solution Set Gonzaga, Clovis C; Tapia, Richard A; Sep 1994; 32 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0363; DAAL03-90-G-0093 Report No.(s): AD-A453879; TR-92-41; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this work we demonstrate that the Miznno-Todd-Ye predictor- corrector primal-dual interior-point method for linear programming generates iteration sequences that converge to the analytic center of the sollition set. DTIC Algorithms; Analysis (Mathematics); Convergence; Linear Programming; Numerical Analysis 20060048998 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Robust Stochastic Adaptive Control Valavani, Lena; Athans, Michael; Jan 28, 1988; 16 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-82-K-0582 Report No.(s): AD-A453881; LIDS-FR-1744; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this final report we summarize the activities of the MYF/LIDS research group for the time period 1 September 1982 to 31 December 1987. The research, funded by ONR contract N00014-82-K-0582, deals with fundamental issues in robust adaptive control systems, and the potential application of advanced control system design methodologies to the multivariable control of submarines. The research conducted was highly successful, and had significant (and controversial) impact upon the theory of adaptive control. The research of Rohrs, Valavani, Athans and Stein pointed out potential instabilities of then existing adaptive control algorithms caused by the presence of unmeasurable output disturbances and high frequency unmodeled dynamics. The publications of Rohrs et al were instrumental for defining new research directions in the adaptive control field, and the topic of Robust Adaptive Control became a new area for worldwide research. The research of Krause et al provided the first direction for the use of what is now called Averaging Theory for the analysis of adaptive control algorithms in the presence of disturbances and unmodeled dynamics. The research of Orlicki et al provided the first set of adaptive algorithms that actively employ real-time signal processing to compute frequency domain parameters which can be used to safeguard the stability of Model Reference Adaptive schemes that employ Intermittent Adaptation. The research of LaMaire et al deals with novel formulation of Hybrid Robust Identification algorithms which identify in real-time both time-domain models of the unknown plant and modeling error bounds in the frequency domain. The research of Milich et al develops theory and methodologies for designing robust compensators, with guaranteed performance in the presence of large structured and unstructured plant uncertainties. This complements the research conducted which helped streamline the LQG/LTR design methodology for non-adaptive feedback systems. DTIC Adaptive Control; Signal Processing; Stochastic Processes 349

20060049000 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Identification and Control of Haptic Systems: A Computational Theory Karason, Steingrimur P; Annaswamy, Anurudha M; Srinivasan, Mandayam A; Jan 1998; 167 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-92-J-1814 Report No.(s): AD-A453884; RLE-TR-621; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A08, Hardcopy This thesis provides a theoretical framework for haptics, the study of exploration and manipulation using hands. Be it human or robotic research, an understanding of the nature of contact, grasp, exploration, and manipulation is of singular importance. In human haptics the objective is to understand the mechanics of hand actions, sensory information processing, and motor control. While robots have lagged behind their human counterparts in dexterity, recent developments in tactile sensing technology have made it possible to build sensor arrays that in some way mimic human performance. We believe that a computational theory of haptics, that investigates what kind of sensory information is necessary and how it has to be processed is beneficial to both human and robotic research. Human and robot tactile sensing can be accomplished by arrays of mechanosensors embedded in a deformable medium. When an object comes in contact with the surface of the medium, information about the shape of the surface of the medium and the force distribution on the surface is encoded in the sensor signals. The problem for the central processor is to reliably and efficiently infer the object properties and the contact state from these signals. In the first part of the thesis w e discuss the surface signal identification problem: the processing of sensor signals resulting in algorithms and guidelines for sensor design that give optimal estimates of the loading and displacement distributions on the surface of the fingerpad. In the second part of the thesis we focus on how the information obtained from such optimal sensing can be used for exploration of objects. We argue that an accurate reconstruction of object properties can occur using two basic building blocks of Exploration Strategy and Finger Control. DTIC Data Processing; Fingers; Robotics; Touch 20060049001 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA On the Convergence of the Tapia Indicators in the Absence of Strict Complementarity El-Bakry, A S; Tapia, R A; Zhang, Y; Sep 1993; 16 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0363; DAAL03-90-G-0093 Report No.(s): AD-A453885; TR-93-39; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The convergence and the convergence rate of the Tapia indicators were established in El- Bakry [1] and EL-Bakry, Tapia, and Zhang [2] in the context of primal-dual interior-point method under the assumption of strict complementarity In the current work we use a recent result of Monteiro and Wright [10] to extend this theory to the case when strict complementarity does not hold. DTIC Convergence; Linear Programming; Problem Solving 20060049006 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Mapping Estimator for Frequency Estimation Li, Ta-Hsin; Kedem, Benjamin; Yakowitz, Sid; Sep 1991; 26 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0049; N00014-89-J-1051 Report No.(s): AD-A453892; SRC-TR-92-22; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper investigates the asymptotic distribution of the recently-proposed contraction mapping (CM) method for frequency estimation. Given a finite sample composed of a sinusoidal signal in additive noise, the CM method applies to the data a parametric filter that matches its parameter with the first-order autocorrelation of the filtered noise. The CM estimator is defined as the fixed-point of the parametrized first-order sample autocorrelation of the filtered data. In this paper, it is proved that under appropriate conditions, the CM estimator is asymptotically normal with a variance inversely related to the signal-to-noise ratio. A useful example of the AR(2) filter is discussed in detail to illustrate the performance of the CM method. DTIC Asymptotic Methods; Autocorrelation; Contraction; Frequencies; Normality; Spectrum Analysis 20060049013 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA Toward Direct Sparse Updates of Cholesky Factors Dennis, Jr , J E; Vu, Phuong, A; Apr 1983; 19 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG79-C-0124; DE-AS05-82ER13016 Report No.(s): AD-A453913; TR-83-13; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 350

A very important problem in numerical optimization is to find a way to update a sparse Hessian approximation so that it will be positive-definite under reasonable circumstances. This problem has motivated research -- which is yet to show much progress -- toward a ‘sparse BFGS method.’ In this paper, the authors suggest a different approach to the problem based on using a sparse Broyden, or Schubert, update directly on the Cholesky factor of the current Hessian approximation to define the next Hessian approximation implicitly in terms of its Cholesky factorization. This approach has the added advantage of being able to cheaply find the Newton step, since no factorization step is required. The difficulty with the approach is in finding a satisfactory secant or quasi-Newton condition to use in the update. DTIC Algebra; Cholesky Factorization; Factor Analysis; Least Squares Method; Newton Methods; Nonlinear Equations; Optimization 20060049014 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA A New Nonlinear Equations Test Problem Dennis, Jr , J E; Gay, David M; Vu, Phuong A; Jan 31, 1986; 12 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG29-83-K-0035; DE-AS05-82ER13016 Report No.(s): AD-A453914; TR-83-1X; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This report presents a set of test problems for nonlinear equations and nonlinear least-squares algorithms. These problems, sent to the authors by C. V. Nelson of the Maine Medical Center, come from a dipole model of the heart. They are 6x6 or 8x8, easy to code, cheap to evaluate, but not easy to solve. In support of the latter contention, they present test results from MINPACK and NL2SOL. DTIC Algebra; Algorithms; Dipole Moments; Heart; Least Squares Method; Nonlinear Equations; Problem Solving 20060049015 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the Hessian in Constrained Optimization Fontecilla, Rodrigo; Oct 1983; 36 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-AS05-82ERI-3016; DAAG29-83-K-0035 Report No.(s): AD-A453915; TR-83-17; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The use of the DFP or the BFGS secant updates requires the Hessian at the solution to be positive-definite. The second order sufficiency conditions insure the positive definiteness only in a sub-space of R(exp n). Conditions are given so the author can safely update with either update. The author proposes a new class of algorithms that generate a sequence converging 2-step q-superlinearly. He also proposes two specific algorithms. The first one converges q-superlinearly if the Hessian is positive-definite in R(exp n), and it converges 2-step q-superlinearly if the Hessian is positive-definite only in a subspace. The second one generates a sequence converging 1-step q-superlinearly. While the former costs one extra gradient evaluation, the latter costs one extra gradient evaluation and one extra function evaluation on the constraints. DTIC Algorithms; Convergence; Iteration; Nonlinear Programming; Optimization 20060049016 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization Stoer, J; Tapia, R A; Oct 1986; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG03-86-K-0113; DE-FG05-86ER25017 Report No.(s): AD-A453916; TR-84-2; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In this note, the authors present what they consider to be a short, direct, and self-contained derivation of the Boggs-Tolle-Wang characterization of q-superlinear convergence for quasi-Newton methods for constrained optimization. While they have stated that the three previous derivations (Boggs, Tolle, and Wang; Fontecilla, Steihaug, and Tapia; and Nocedal and Overton) leave something to be desired, they quickly add that the present work was strongly influenced by these three papers. Indeed, the basic idea that led to the present derivation was to attempt to parallel the Nocedal-Overton derivation using a formulation of the quasi-Newton method that possessed the attribute that all necessary differentiations could be obtained in a straightforward manner. As they have seen, one of the formulations suggested by Tapia possesses this property. DTIC Algorithms; Characterization; Convergence; Iteration; Newton Methods; Nonlinear Programming; Optimization; Quadratic Programming 351

20060049017 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Verification of a Decision Level Fusion Algorithm Using a Proven ATR System and Measured SAR Data Thompson, James D; Mar 2006; 80 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453926; AFIT/GE/ENG/06-60; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Decision level fusion (DLF) algorithms combine outputs of multiple single sensors to make one confident declaration of a target. This research compares performance results of a DLF algorithm using measured data and a proven ATR system with results from simulated data and a modeled ATR system. This comparison indicates that DLF offers significant performance improvements over single sensor looks. However, results based on simulated data and a modeled ATR are slightly optimistic and overestimate results from measured data and a proven ATR system by nearly 10% over all targets tested. DTIC Algorithms; Target Recognition

20060049204 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and Water/NaOH Solutions Lazzarini, A K; Krauss, R H; Chelliah, H K; Linteris, G T; Aug 2000; 8 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): HH0095 Report No.(s): AD-A453880; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453880; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Interactions of fine droplets of water and water/NaOH solutions with a steady, laminar counterflow methane/air non-premixed flame are investigated experimentally and numerically. A water atomizer generating a polydisperse distribution of droplet sizes with a median diameter of 20 micrometers is used in experiments with steady feed rate. Comparisons of the measured flame extinction condition as a function of droplet mass fraction in the air stream indicate a trend similar to that predicted previously using 20 micrometers monodisperse water droplets. The hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical model previously developed is generalized to include polydisperse distribution of drop sizes; however, the differences seen between experiments and the numerical predictions at high water mass fractions could not be attributed to variation in size distribution alone. Present experiments support the conclusions of an earlier modeling work that on a mass basis, fine water mist can be as effective as the now-banned gaseous fire suppressant halon 1301. Inclusion of NaOH in water (up to 17.5% by mass) is shown to significantly enhance the fire suppression ability of water by complementing its thermal effects with chemical catalytic radical recombination effects of NaOH. DTIC Drops (Liquids); Extinction; Flames; Premixed Flames; Water

20060049210 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models for Groundwater Flow and Transport Kelley, C T; Fowler, K R; Kees, C E; Jan 2003; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-02-1-0391; DAAD19-02-1-0111 Report No.(s): AD-A453920; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453920; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Non-Lipschitz continuous nonlinearities arise frequently in models for groundwater flow and species transport. The van Genuchten and Mualem PSK relations for unsaturated flow and the Freundlich equilibrium expressions in reactive transport are examples. Numerical methods such as nonlinear solvers based on Newton’s method, error estimators for differential equations, and stepsize and order control methods for temporal integration, are designed for differentiable problems and may fail when applied to nonsmooth nonlinear problems. In this paper we consider two approaches to this problem: (1) adding new equations to smooth the nonlinearity and (2) approximating the nonlinearity with a smoother function, such as a spline. In both cases, we replace the non-Lipschitz continuous functions with Lipschitz continuous, but sometimes non-differentiable, nonlinearities. The mathematical properties of Lipschitz continuous nonlinear equations enable standard solvers to work well. We will describe some recent theoretical advances that explain this success and use those results to justify a stepsize and error control strategy for temporal integration. We illustrate the results with two computational examples. DTIC Ground Water; Simulation; Water Flow 352

20060049231 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA A Finite Difference Approximation for a Coupled System of Nonlinear Size-Structured Populations Ackleh, A S; Banks, H T; Deng, K; Jan 2000; 28 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0180 Report No.(s): AD-A453957; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453957; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) We study a quasilinear nonlocal hyperbolic initial-boundary value problem that models the evolution of N size-structured subpopulations competing for common resources. We develop an implicit finite difference scheme to approximate the solution of this model. The convergence of this approximation to a unique bounded variation weak solution is obtained. The numerical results for a special case of this model suggest that when subpopulations are closed under reproduction, one subpopulation survives and the others go to extinction. Moreover, in the case of open reproduction, survival of more than one population is possible. DTIC Approximation; Boundary Value Problems; Finite Difference Theory; Mathematical Models; Nonlinear Systems; Nonlinearity; Populations

20060049258 Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA USA Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Premixed Flames Im, Hong G; Chen, Jacqueline H; Aug 4, 2000; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454015; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454015; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The effects of unsteady strain rate on the burning velocity of hydrogen/air premixed flames have been studied in an opposed nozzle configuration. The numerical method employs adaptive time integration of a system of differential algebraic equations. Detailed hydrogen/air kinetic mechanism and transport properties are considered. The equivalence ratio is varied from lean to rich premixtures in order to change the effective Lewis number. Steady Markstein numbers for small strain rate are computed and compared with experiment. Different definitions of flame burning velocity are examined under steady and unsteady flow conditions. It is found that, as the unsteady frequency increases, large deviations between different flame speeds are noted depending on the location of the flame speed evaluation. Unsteady flame response is investigated in terms of the Markstein transfer function, which depends on the frequency of oscillation. In most cases, the flame speed variation attenuates at higher frequencies, as the unsteady frequency becomes comparable to the inverse of the characteristic flame time. Furthermore, unique resonance-like behavior is observed for a range of rich mixture conditions, consistent with previous studies with linearized theory. DTIC Combustion; Hydrogen; Numerical Analysis; Premixed Flames; Turbulent Flow

20060049302 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Houston-Galveston Navigation Channels, Texas Project: Navigation Channel Sedimentation Study, Phase 1 Tate, J N; Berger, R C; Aug 2006; 136 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454124; ERDC/CHL-TR-06-8; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454124; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy The U.S. Army Engineer District, Galveston, has recently enlarged the Houston Ship Channel from a 40-ft (12.2-m) depth by 400-ft (122-m) width to a 45-ft (13.7-m) depth by 530-ft (162-m) width. Previously, a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical model study was implemented at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center’s Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory to evaluate the salinity and circulation impact of this enlargement. The enlarged channel is nearly complete. Preliminary evaluations indicate a higher than anticipated rate of deposition in the channel reach near Atkinson Island. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if this new shoaling rate was a permanent feature of this new channel or a single anomalous event. If this considerably larger deposition is a permanent condition then the planned disposal locations must be expanded. The project will determine the possible effects on sedimentation in the channel based on dredging records, field data, vessel effects, and hydrodynamic changes due to the channel’s enlargement. DTIC Houston (TX); Navigation; Sediments 353

20060049317 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration Skahill, Brian E; Doherty, John; Feb 2, 2006; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454176; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454176; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Gauss-Marquardt-Levenberg (GML) method of computer-based parameter estimation, in common with other gradient-based approaches, suffers from the drawback that it may become trapped in local objective function minima, and thus report ‘optimized’ parameter values that are not optimized at all. This can seriously degrade its utility in the calibration of watershed models where local optima abound. Nevertheless, the method also has advantages, chief among these being its model-run efficiency, and its ability to report useful information on parameter sensitivities and covariances as a by-product of its use. It also is easily adapted to maintain this efficiency in the face of potential numerical problems caused by parameter insensitivity and/or parameter correlation. The present paper presents two algorithmic enhancements to the GML method that retain its strengths, but which overcome its weaknesses in the face of local optima. Using the first of these methods, an ‘intelligent search’ for better parameter sets is conducted in parameter subspaces of decreasing dimensionality when progress of the parameter estimation process is slowed either by numerical instability incurred through problem ill-posedness, or when a local objective function minimum is encountered. The second methodology minimizes the chance of successive GML parameter estimation runs, finding the same objective function minimum by starting successive runs at points that are maximally removed from previous parameter trajectories. As well as enhancing the ability of a GML-based method to find the global objective function minimum, the latter technique also can be used to find the locations of many non-global optima (should they exist) in parameter space. This can provide a useful means of inquiring into the well-posedness of a parameter estimation problem, and for detecting the presence of bimodal parameter and predictive probability distributions. DTIC Algorithms; Calibrating; Computerized Simulation; Estimates; Hydrology Models; Independent Variables; Minima; Parameter Identification; Watersheds 20060049347 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and Riccati Equations Chou, Kenneth C; Willsky, Alan S; Nikoukhah, Ramine; Jan 2006; 48 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-91-J-1004; MIP-9013281 Report No.(s): AD-A454279; LIDS-P-2152; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454279; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In [1] we introduced a class of multiscale dynamic models described in terms of scale-recursive state space equations on a dyadic tree. An algorithm analogous to the Rauch-Tung-Striebel algorithm consisting of a fine-to-coarse Kalman-filter-like sweep followed by a coarse-to-fine smoothing step was developed. In this paper we present a detailed system-theoretic analysis of this filter and of the new scale-recursive Riccati equation associated with it. While this analysis is similar in spirit to that for standard Kalman filters, the structure of the dyadic tree leads to several significant differences. In particular, the structure of the Kalman filter error dynamics leads to the formulation of an ML version of the filtering equation and to a corresponding smoothing algorithm based on triangularizing the Hamiltonian for the smoothing problem. In addition, the notion of stability for dynamics requires some care, as do the concepts of reachability and observability. Using these system-theoretic constructs we are then able to analyze the stability and steady-state behavior of the fine-to-coarse Kalman filter and its Riccati equation. DTIC Algorithms; Kalman Filters; Riccati Equation 20060049408 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Conceptual Processes for Linking Eutrophication and Network Models Tillman, Dorothy H; Cerco, Carl F; Noel, Mark R; Aug 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454401; ERDC-TN-SWWRP-06-9; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454401; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This three-year study investigates the coupling of eutrophication and network models, applies the results to a specific problem, and recommends a general procedure for future endeavors in this area. DTIC Eutrophication; Partial Differential Equations 354

20060049422 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Fast Solvers for 3D Poisson Equations Involving Interfaces in an Finite or the Infinite Domain Lai, Ming-Chih; Li, Zhilin; Lin, Xiaobiao; Jan 2002; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): ARO-39676-MA; ARO-43751-MA Report No.(s): AD-A454445; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454445; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper, numerical methods are proposed for Poisson equations defined in a finite or in the infinite domain in three dimensions. In the domain, there can exists an interface across which the flux and the solution are discontinuous. To deal with the discontinuity in the source terms and in the flux, the original problem is transformed to a new one with a smooth solution. Such a transformation can he carried out easily through an extension of the jumps along the normal direction if the interface is expressed as the zero level set of a three dimensional function. An auxiliary sphere is used to separate the infinite region into an interior and exterior domain. The Kelvin’s inversion is used to map the exterior domain into an interior domain. The two Poisson equations defined in the interior and the exterior written in spherical coordinates are solved simultaneously. By choosing the niesh size carefully and exploiting the fast Fourier transform, the resulting finite difference equations can he solved efficiently. The approach in dealing with the interface has also been used with the artificial boundary condition technique which truncates the infinite domain. Numerical results demonstrate second order accuracy of our algorithms. DTIC Finite Difference Theory; Poisson Equation 20060049424 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and Compensators: A State-Dependent Riccati Equation Approach Banks, H T; Lewis, B M; Tran, H T; Jan 2003; 43 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0026 Report No.(s): AD-A454448; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454448; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) See report. DTIC Controllers; Equations of State; Nonlinear Feedback; Riccati Equation 20060049435 Air Force Research Lab., Rome, NY USA Addressing the Requirements for RF Photonics Brost, George A; Aug 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-LINK Report No.(s): AD-A454464; AFRL-SN-RS-TP-2006-11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454464; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy This paper addresses the relationship between system requirements and device specifications and figures of merit for RF Photonic applications. This paper has focused on the optical modulator, as it is the key component in achieving the required RF performance within the constraints of space-based platforms. The modulator transfer function can be used to express the key parameters of the modulator, which are then used characterize the photonic link performance; G, NF, and IP3. Modulation efficiency S is preferred over Vpi because it accounts for the insertion loss. The input IP3 can also be calculated directly from the transfer function. DTIC Figure of Merit; Photonics; Radio Frequencies; Transfer Functions 20060049595 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Supercomputer McBryan, Oliver A; Jan 1992; 14 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0422 Report No.(s): AD-A454609; CU-CS-575-92; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We describe the implementation of a fluid dynamical benchmark on the 256 node SUPRENUM-1 parallel computer. The benchmark, the Shallow Water Equations, is frequently used as a model for both oceanographic and atmospheric circulation. We describe the steps involved in implementing the algorithm on the SUPRENUM-1 and we provide details of performance. We have measured 4.95 Mflops (64-bit arithmetic) for single node performance, and 1200 Miflops aggregate performance with 355

256 nodes, at efficiencies up to 96%. This compares well with vector and MIMD supercomputers. Performance of 1530 Mflops was measured for the same algorithm on the CRAY YMP/8, and 543 Mflops was measured on the 128-node Intel iPSC/860. The SIMD Thinking Machines CM-200 delivers 5.25 Gflops (64-bit) and 8.09 Gflops (32-bit) for ii%e benchmark. DTIC Equations; Flow Equations; Fluid Dynamics; Shallow Water; Supercomputers 20060049602 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems Using Tensor Methods Bouaricha, Ali; Schnabel, Robert B; Oct 1994; 36 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): W-31-109-ENG-38; AFOSR-90-0109 Report No.(s): AD-A454617; CU-CS-735-94; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper describes a modular software package for solving systems of nonlinear equations and nonlinear least squares problems, using a new class of methods called tensor methods. It is intended for small to medium-sized problems, say with up to 100 equations and unknowns in cases where it is reasonable to calculate the Jacobian matrix or approximate it by finite differences at each iteration. The software allows the user to select between a tensor method and a standard method based upon a linear model. The tensor method models F(x) by a quadratic model where the second-order term is chosen so that the model is hardly more expensive to form, store, or solve than the standard linear model. Moreover, the software provides two different global strategies, a line search and a two-dimensional trust region approach. Test results indicate that, in general, tensor methods are significantly more efficient and robust than standard methods on small and medium-sized problems in iterations and function evaluations. DTIC Applications Programs (Computers); Least Squares Method; Nonlinear Equations; Nonlinearity; Tensor Analysis; Tensors 20060049649 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Dynamic Scheduling Strategies for an Adaptive, Asynchronous Parallel Global Optimization Algorithm Smith, Sharon L; Schnabel, Robert B; Nov 1992; 38 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL03-91-G-0151; AFOSR-90-0109 Report No.(s): AD-A454693; CU-CS-625-92; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper explores the use of dynamic scheduling strategies for irregular parallel algorithms in distributed memory computational environments. The target application we consider is an adaptive asynchronous parallel algorithm with irregular structure that is used to solve the global optimization problem. In this algorithm the number of tasks and their sizes may change dynamically, so that dynamic scheduling is needed to insure that the workload is evenly distributed across the processors. We consider three dynamic scheduling strategies for implementing this algorithm: centralized scheduling, which uses a master-slave approach; distributed scheduling, which uses local information about processor workload to determine when tasks should be requested from or sent to other processors; and a new hybrid approach that we refer to as centralized mediation, that uses aspects of both centralized and distributed scheduling. The implementation of the global optimization algorithm using the scheduling strategies is discussed, and their performance is thoroughly assessed through a combination of analytic modeling, simulation, and distributed implementation. In these performance studies, the centralized mediation strategy often exhibits the best performance for both different numbers of processors and different loading conditions. DTIC Algorithms; Scheduling; Synchronism 20060049650 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA A New Large-Scale Global Optimization Method and Its Application to Lennard-Jones Problems Byrd, Richard H; Eshow, Elizabeth; Schnabel, Robert B; Nov 1992; 20 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0109; DAAL03-91-G-0151 Report No.(s): AD-A454694; CU-CS-630-92; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We describe a new stochastic global optimization algorithm that is oriented towards solving large scale problems, and present the results of applying it to a class of problems in molecular chemistry. Our new algorithm incorporates some full-dimensional random sampling and local minimizations as in existing stochastic methods, but the keys to its success are two new phases that concentrate on selected small dimensional subproblems of the overall problem. These phases constitute a major portion of the computational effort of the new method, and represent a significant departure from existing stochastic 356

methods. Computational results on Lennard-Jones problems show that the new method is considerably more successful than any other method that has tried to solve these problems without using prior knowledge of the solution structure in its algorithm, and that our method finds the presumptive global minimizer in all cases with up to 90 variables as well as in some larger cases. On the other hand, on most problems with over 100 variables, our method does not find as good a solution as has been found by the best special purpose methods for Lennard-Jones problems. This illustrates the inherent difficulty of large scale global optimization. DTIC Algorithms; Lennard-Jones Potential; Optimization; Stochastic Processes 20060049684 Air Force Research Lab., Edwards AFB, CA USA O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction Probabilities in DSMC Ozawa, Takashi; Levin, D A; Jun 28, 2006; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2308 Report No.(s): AD-A454760; AFRL-PR-ED-TP-2006-212; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy A chemical reaction model, suitable for use in the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, is developed to simulate hypervelocity collisions of an important reaction in atmospheric-jet interactions ? O(3P)+HCI(1Σ+) → OH(2Π)+C1(2P). The model utilizes the Quasi-Classical Trajectory (QCT) method with two potential energy surfaces (PES), new benchmark triple A″ and A' surfaces [1] and London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato (LEPS) PES.[2] The sensitivity of the flow to the fidelity of the chemical model is investigated for the new QCT-derived model and the widely used Total Collision Energy (TCE) model of Bird.[3] The adequacy of the total collision cross section is also considered, and to obtain accurate collision cross sections, the Dynamic Molecular Collision model of Tokumasu and Matsumoto[4] is assumed and the collision cross section is obtained by using the MD/QCT method with the aforementioned potential energy surfaces. The magnitude of the inelastic cross section is small compared to the total cross section for both PESs. Therefore, MD/QCT VHS-equivalent collision cross sections are obtained and along with the MD/QCT reaction cross sections are utilized in the full DSMC calculation of the flow field. It is found that chemical reaction models do not affect the general flowfield, however, the OH production rate is dependent on the chemical reaction model. DTIC Chemical Reactions; Computerized Simulation; Mathematical Models; Monte Carlo Method; Probability Theory 20060049711 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme for a Partially Observed Controlled Markov Chain Fernandez-Gaucherand, Emmanuel; Arapostathis, Aristotle; Marcus, Steven I; Dec 1991; 16 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-91-0033; NSF-CDR-8803012 Report No.(s): AD-A454807; SRC-TR-91-111; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The authors consider an adaptive finite state-controlled Markov chain with partial state information, motivated by a class of replacement problems. They present parameter estimation techniques based on the information available after actions that reset the state to a known value are taken. They prove that the parameter estimates converge w.p.1 to the true (unknown) parameter, under the feedback structure induced by a certainty equivalent adaptive policy. They also show that the adaptive policy is self-optimizing, in a long-run average sense, for any (measurable) sequence of parameter estimates converging w.p.1 to the true parameter. DTIC Adaptive Control; Dynamic Programming; Estimates; Independent Variables; Markov Chains; Parameter Identification; Stochastic Processes 20060049717 Advanced Fuel Research, Inc., East Hartford, CT USA Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis Markham, James; Bush, Patrick; Bonzani, Jr , Peter; Scire, Jr, James; Dec 2005; 236 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F40600-02-C-0018; Proj-OAFT Report No.(s): AD-A454814; TR-526056; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A11, Hardcopy The Applied Technology Department at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) of Arnold Air Force Base developed a ‘technology vision’ for a rapid, continuous-sweep emissions measurement system that would provide cost-savings benefits and added-value benefits to large-nozzle military engines under development. The project described in this report 357

resulted in a critical component of a system that was demonstrated to accomplish the multiple-species emissions survey of a full nozzle exit within the spatial resolution required by the regulatory agencies within a ten-minute time scale. At the pace emission measurement requirements were accomplished, there was no impact to other engine test objectives. The impact to this and future development engine test programs in terms of avoiding the cost of additional test time is significant. The critical component now available as a result of this project is an advanced prototype Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) gas analyzer. Successful advanced development of the instrumentation hardware and software improved the measurement capabilities for advanced turbine engine programs, and for other applications in the Air Force and private sector. On-site demonstration trials are reported at the AEDC Aeropropulsion Systems Test Facility, at the AEDC Tunnel 9, and at facilities in the private sector. DTIC Fourier Transformation; Gas Analysis; Gas Turbines; Infrared Spectra; Infrared Spectroscopy; Turbine Engines 20060049732 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA A Concise Physical Interpretation of Several Analytical Grueneisen Formulations Segletes, Steven B; Aug 2006; 28 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454833; ARL-TR-3881; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A novel method is presented for deriving the Grueneisen formulations of three classical Grueneisen models. Unlike past studies which have attempted to differentiate between these Grueneisen models on the basis of Poisson ration arguments, the current approach employs elementary vibration analysis to reach its conclusions. The current approach provides a physical insight into how the models’ underlying assumptions are responsible for the analytical distinctions between the models. DTIC Differential Equations; Thermodynamic Properties 20060049756 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA USA The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Verification Grimit, Eric P; Gneiting, Tilmann; Berrocal, Veronica; Johnson, Nicholas A; Jan 2006; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-1-0745; NSF-0134264 Report No.(s): AD-A454859; TR-493; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy An analogue of the linear continuous ranked probability score is introduced that applies to probabilistic forecasts of circular quantities. This scoring rule is proper and thereby discourages hedging. The circular continuous ranked probability score reduces to angular distance when the forecast is deterministic, just as the linear continuous ranked probability score generalizes the absolute error. Furthermore, the continuous ranked probability score provides a direct way of comparing deterministic forecasts, discrete forecast ensembles, and post-processed forecast ensembles that can take the form of probability density functions. The circular continuous ranked probability score is used in this study to assess predictions of 10 m wind direction for 361 cases of mesoscale, short-range ensemble forecasts over the North American Paci c Northwest. Reference probability forecasts based on the ensemble mean and its forecast error history over the period outperform probability forecasts constructed directly from the ensemble sample statistics. These results suggest that short-term forecast uncertainty is not yet well predicted at mesoscale resolutions near the surface, despite the inclusion of multi-scheme physics diversity and surface boundary parameter perturbations in the mesoscale ensemble design. DTIC Forecasting; Mesometeorology; Mesoscale Phenomena; Probability Density Functions; Probability Theory; Proving; Weather Forecasting 20060049785 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Frames Generated by Subspace Addition Pati, Y C; Jan 1991; 12 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-88-0204; NSF-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454892; SRC-TR-91-55; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Given two subspaces M and N of a Hilbert space, and frames associated with each of the subspaces, the question addressed in this report is that of determining when the union of the two frames is a frame for the direct sum space M circle plus N. The author provides sufficient conditions for the union of the two frames to be a frame for M circle plus N and also estimates for the frame bounds. The results discussed here are given in terms of the relative geometry of subspaces. Some 358

simple examples in which the frame bounds can be explicitly computed are provided to demonstrate the accuracy of the frame bound estimates. DTIC Geometry; Hilbert Space 20060049787 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Optimal Movement Krishnaprasad, P S; Yang, R; Jan 1991; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0105; NSF-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454894; SRC-TR-91-69; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In the search for useful strategies for movement of robotic systems (e.g., manipulators, platforms) in constrained environments (e.g., in space, underwater), there appear to be new principles emerging from a deeper geometric understanding of optimal movements of nonholonomically constrained systems. In this work, the authors have exploited some new formulas for geometric phase shifts to derive effective control strategies. The theory of connections in principal bundles provides the proper framework for questions of the type addressed in this paper. They outline the essentials of this theory. A related optimal control problem and its localizations are also considered. DTIC Control; Geometry; Motion; Optimization; Phase Shift; Robotics 20060049800 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA On Periodic Pulse Interval Analysis with Outliers and Missing Observations Sadler, Brian M; Casey, Stephen D; Jan 23, 1996; 32 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-94-1-0196; AMSRL-IS-TA Report No.(s): AD-A454910; ISR-TR-96-6; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Analysis of periodic pulse trains based on time of arrival is considered, with perhaps very many missing observations and contaminated data. A period estimator is developed based on a modified Euclidean algorithm. This algorithm is a computationally simple, robust method for estimating the greatest common divisor of a noisy contaminated data set. The resulting estimate, while not maximum likelihood, is used as initialization in a three-step algorithm that achieves the Cramer-Rao bound for moderate noise levels, as shown by comparing Monte Carlo results with the Cramer-Rao bounds. An extension using multiple independent data records is also developed that overcomes high levels of contamination. DTIC Algorithms; Pulse Modulation; Spacing 20060049809 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Chaos in Dynamical Systems Abed, Eyad H; Wang, Hua O; Jan 1993; 24 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0015; F49620-93-1-0186 Report No.(s): AD-A454921; ISR-TR-93-74; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Feedback control of bifurcation and chaos in nonlinear dynamical system is discussed. Open problems in bifurcation control are noted. The past two decades have witnessed a steadily increasing appreciation of nonlinear dynamics across a broad range of disciplines. Applications of bifurcation and chaos have appeared in many areas of science, engineering, and the social sciences. The main purpose of this article is to discuss the role which nonlinear dynamics has played in the cross-disciplinary field of automatic control. The article also discusses in some detail the analysis and control of period-doubling bifurcations, and application to control of the associated route to chaos. Thoughts on some open problems are given, emphasizing the needed interplay between nonlinear dynamics and control theory. DTIC Chaos; Control; Control Theory; Dynamical Systems; Feedback; Feedback Control; Nonlinear Systems; Nonlinearity 20060049817 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA A Trust Region Strategy for Equality Constrained Optimization Celis, M R; Dennis, Jr , J E; Tapia, R A; Sep 1984; 14 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG29-83-K-0035; DE-AS05-82ER13016 Report No.(s): AD-A454933; TR-84-1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 359

Many current algorithms for - nonlinear constrained optimization problems determine a direction by solving a quadratic programming subproblem. The global convergence properties are addressed by using a line search technique and a merit function to modify the length of the step obtained from the quadratic program. In unconstrained optimization trust regions strategies have been very successful. In this paper we present a new approach for equality constrained optimization problems based on a trust region strategy. The direction selected is not necessarily the solution of the standard quadratic programming subproblem. DTIC Algorithms; Quadratic Programming

20060049820 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA A Memoryless Augmented Gauss-Newton Method for Nonlinear Least-Squares Problems Dennis, Jr , J E; Songbai, Sheng; Vu, Phuong A; Feb 1985; 26 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG29-83-K-0035; DE-AS05-82ER13016 Report No.(s): AD-A454936; TR-85-1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper, we develop, analyze, and test a new algorithm for nonlinear least-squares problems. The algorithm uses a BFGS update of the Gauss-Newton Hessian when some hueristics indicate that the Gauss-Newton method may not make a good step. Some important elements are that the secant or quasi-Newton equations considered are not the obvious ones, and the method does not build up a Hessian approximation over several steps. The algorithm can be implemented easily as a modification of any Gauss-Newton code, and it seems to be useful for large residual problems. DTIC Algorithms; Least Squares Method; Newton Methods; Nonlinear Systems; Nonlinearity

20060049821 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Modeling of Impact on a Flexible Beam Wei, Q F; Krishnaprasad, P S; Dayawansa, W P; Jan 1993; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0105; DAAL03-92-G-0121 Report No.(s): AD-A454937; ISR-TR-93-80; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy High-precision control of robotic manipulators has been becoming increasingly important in a variety of applications (e.g., laser beam technology, semiconductor wafer manufacturing, etc.). This requires paying extra attention to the usual dynamical effects as well as taking into consideration otherwise ignored features such as dynamical effects due to impact. The authors consider the problem of modeling the dynamical effects of impact of an elastic body on a flexible beam. They derive a nonlinear integral equation by using Hertz’s law of impact in conjunction with the beam equation. This equation does not admit a closed-form solution. They demonstrate the existence of solutions, derive a reliable numerical method for computing solutions, and compare the numerical results with those obtained by others. For the sake of simplicity, they only consider an elastic beam subject to impact forces occurring from contact with an elastic body. Here they restrict attention to the problem of modeling, existence of solutions to the model, and the computational aspects. Issues such as how to control the manipulators to minimize the spurious effects due to impact will be addressed in the future. DTIC Differential Equations; Elastic Bodies; Elastic Properties; Impact Loads; Robotics

20060049840 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Optimal Control and Poisson Reduction Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1993; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0105; DAAL03-92-G-0121 Report No.(s): AD-A454962; ISR-TR-93-87; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper, the author has worked out explicitly the Poisson reduction of certain G-invariant optimal control problems on Lie groups. The approach presented yields an algorithm for constructing regular extremals. DTIC Algorithms; Control; Hamiltonian Functions; Lie Groups; Nonlinear Systems; Optimal Control; Optimization; Poisson Equation 360

20060050193 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Fast Video Stabilization Algorithms Alharbi, Mohammed A; Jun 2006; 139 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453977; AFIT/GCS/ENG/06-02; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453977; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy A fast and robust electronic video stabilization algorithm is presented in this thesis. It is based on a two-dimensional feature-based motion estimation technique. The method tracks a small set of features and estimates the movement of the camera between consecutive frames. It is used to characterize the motions accurately including camera rotations between two imaging instants. An affine motion model is utilized to determine the parameters of translation and rotation between images. The determined affine transformation is then exploited to compensate for the abrupt temporal discontinuities of input image sequences. Also, a frequency domain approach is developed to estimate translations between two consecutive frames in a video sequence. Finally, a jitter detection technique to isolate vibration affected subsequence of an image sequence is presented. The experimental results of using both simulated and real images have revealed the applicability of the proposed techniques. In particular, the emphasis has been to develop real time implementable algorithms, suitable for unmanned vehicles with severe payload constraints. DTIC Algorithms; Video Communication 65 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Includes data sampling and smoothing; Monte Carlo method; time series analysis; and stochastic processes.

20060048608 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA On Robust Continuous-Time Discrimination Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Chau, Yawgene A; Jan 1987; 45 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-86-K-0013; NSF-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A453199; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453199; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Target discrimination problems are modeled as the testing of binary hypotheses characterized by continuous-time observations which (i) consist of distinct signals in additive white Gaussian noise, or (ii) are the output of stochastic dynamical systems driven by white Gaussian noise, and in both cases have paflially known statistics. In particular, the signals in the first model, the parameters of the dynamical systems in the second model, and the autocorrelation functions of the noise in both models belong to one of the following distinct uncertainty classes: classes determined by 2-alternating capacities and classes with minimum or maximum elements. Robust discrimination tests with a fixed observation interval and sequential tests are derived whose likelihood ratios depend on the least-favorable palrs of parameters in the aforementioned uncertainty classes and are shown to have an acceptable level of performance despite the uncertainty. For tests with a fixed observation interval the performance measures considered are the actual error probabilities and the chernoff upper bounds on them; the latter are shown to preserve their desirable asymptotic properties in the presence of the unceflainties. For sequential tests the performance measures are the error probabilities and the average required length of the observation interval under each hypothesis. DTIC Random Noise; Target Recognition; Time Discrimination 20060048609 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Robust Distributed Discrete-Time Block and Sequential Detection in Uncertain Environments Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1987; 26 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-86-K-0013; NSF-CDR-85-00108 Report No.(s): AD-A453202; SRC-TR-87-157; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453202; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Two detectors making independent observations must decide which one of two hypotheses is true. Both fixed-sample.size (block) detection and sequential detection are considered. The decisions are coupled through a common cost function which for tests with fixed sample size consists of the sum of the error probabilities while for sequential tests it comprises the sum of the error probabilities and the expected sample sizes. The probability measures which govern the statistics of the i.i.d. 361

observations belong to uncertainty classes determined by 2-alternating capacities. DTIC Discrete Functions; Probability Distribution Functions; Sequential Analysis 20060048638 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Pattern Search Methods in the Presence of Degeneracy Abramson, Mark A; Brezhneva, Olga A; Dennis, Jr, J E; Jan 2003; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0013 Report No.(s): AD-A453245; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453245; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper deals with generalized pattern search (GPS) algorithms for linearly constrained optimization. At each iteration, the GPS algorithm generates a set of directions that conforms to the geometry of any nearby linear constraints. This set is then used to construct trial points to be evaluated during the iteration. In previous work, Lewis and Torczon developed a scheme for computing the conforming directions, but it assumed no degeneracy near the current iterate. The contribution of this paper is to provide a detailed algorithm for constructing the set of directions whether or not the constraints are degenerate. One difficulty in the degenerate case is in classifying constraints as redundant and nonredundant. We give a short survey of the main definitions and methods for treating redundancy and propose an approach to identify nonredundant ’-active constraints, which may be useful for other active set algorithms. We also introduce a new approach for handling nonredundant linearly dependent constraints, which maintains GPS convergence properties without significantly increasing computational cost. Some simple numerical tests illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. We conclude by briefly considering the extension of our ideas to nonlinear constraints with linearly dependent constraint gradients. DTIC Algorithms; Global Positioning System; Numerical Analysis 20060048743 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering and Associated Random Variables Bacelli, Francois; Makowski, Armand M; Jan 1987; 21 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; NSF-ECS-83-51836 Report No.(s): AD-A453456; TR-87-7; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453456; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper presents several relationships between the notion of associated random variables and notions of stochastic ordering that have appeared in the literature over the years. More concretely, the discussion centers around the following question: Under which conditions does the association of the IR-valued RV’s {X(sub 1),...,X(sub n)} imply a possible ordering in some stochastic sense between the IR(exp n)-valued RV X := (X(sub 1),...,X(sub n)) and its independent version X bar:= (X bar(sub 1),...,X bar(sub n))? Some of the results in that direction are as follows: (i) These IR(exp n)-valued RV’s are comparable in either one of the orderings \h=st, \h=ci and \h=cv iff they are identical in law, and (ii) If the RV’s {X(sub 1),...,X(sub n)} are associated, certain comparison properties hold for the stochastic orderings \h=D, \h=K and \h=L defined in D. Stoyan (1983). Strengthening of result (i) leads to the following results on the stochastic ordering properties of IR(exp n)-valued RV’s X and Y with identical mean: (j) The RV’s X and Y are comparable for \h=st iff they are identical in law, and (jj) If X \h=D Y (resp. X \h=K Y), then X and Y are comparable for \h=ci (resp. \h=cv) iff they are identical in law. These and related results are given direct applications to queueing theory and to the asymptotics of associated random variables. In the process of answering this question, several results were obtained that indicate how multi-dimensional probability distributions are determined by conditions on their one-dimensional marginal distributions in the event of stochastic comparisons. Several interesting consequences of Theorems 1-4 are presented. The first application is given in the context of Fork-Join (FJ) queue models that arise in many application areas, including flexible manufacturing and parallel processing. Other applications involve bounds on the tail behavior of the maximum of associated RV’s and monotone functions. DTIC Parallel Processing (Computers); Queueing Theory; Random Variables; Stochastic Processes 20060048744 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly-Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Process Gubner, John; Narayan, Prakash; Jan 1985; 16 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N0001485-G-0102 Report No.(s): AD-A453464; TR-85-41; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453464; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 362

The authors consider the problem of estimating the rate of a doubly-stochastic, time-space Poisson process when the observations are restricted to a region D reflex subset contained in R(exp 2). In the general case, they obtain a representation of the minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) estimate in terms of the conditional characteristic function of an underlying state process. In the case D = R(exp 2), they extend a known result to compute the MMSE estimate explicitly. For a special form of the rate process, a well-defined integral equation is presented which defines the linear MMSE estimate of the rate. DTIC Errors; Estimates; Laser Beams; Linear Filters; Mean Square Values; Nonlinear Filters; Optical Communication; Photometers; Poisson Density Functions; Receivers; Stochastic Processes 20060048768 BAE Systems, Burlington, MA USA DARPA Integrated Sensing and Processing (ISP) Program. Approximation Methods for Markov Decision Problems in Sensor Management Schneider, Michael K; Nedich, Angelina; Castanon, David; Washburn, Bob; Jun 2006; 115 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-02-C-1197; Proj-ARPS Report No.(s): AD-A453568; BAE SYSTEMS-TR-1620; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453568; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This work addresses problems of sensor resource management (SRM) in which one or more sensors obtain measurements of the state of one or more targets. For example, an airborne radar may be attempting to track several ground targets, which are sometimes stationary (requiring a synthetic aperture radar mode) and sometimes moving (requiring a ground moving target indication radar mode). The challenge is to schedule the radar modes as the scenario evolves. Such problems can generally be formulated as partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), which can express essential characteristics of the SRM problem such as uncertainty and dynamics. This work emphasizes a farsighted approach; the highest long-term payoff may not be generated by the action providing the highest immediate payoff. Accomplishments of this effort include the establishment of a boundary on optimal SRM performance, analysis of farsighted SRM strategies for controlling a multimode sensor, and the derivation of a novel set of sufficient conditions for optimality in Markov decision processes. DTIC Algorithms; Approximation; Detection 20060048932 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Telescope’s Adaptive Optics System Paris, Neil D; Mar 2006; 252 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453704; AFIT/GE/ENG/06-45; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A12, Hardcopy The Air Force Research Laboratory has sponsored research on the tracking control loop portion of the adaptive optics system in the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter telescope at Kirtland Air Force Base. The control loop includes two steering mirrors (Coarse Steering Mirror and Fine Steering Mirror) used to remove wavefront tilt and tip phase distortion from light entering the telescope. The objective of this research is to design a single Linear Quadratic Gaussian controller to control both steering mirrors in order to eliminate wavefront tilt and tip distortions induced by the earth’s atmosphere, and to evaluate the stability robustness and performance of the controller through simulation and Monte Carlo analysis. Controller design elements and simulation parameters are varied to examine and compare resulting performance and robustness characteristics. The controller design is limited to the use of linear models even though components within the control loop have some nonlinear characteristics; however, consideration has been given to the nonlinear aspects of the system via the simulation environment in order to observe the linear controller in a near-real-world environment. DTIC Adaptive Control; Adaptive Optics; Attitude (Inclination); Linear Quadratic Gaussian Control; Telescopes 20060048940 Air Force Research Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA USA Impact of Diverse Polarisations on Clutter Statistics Rangaswamy, Muralidhar; Sep 29, 2005; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-4916 Report No.(s): AD-A453721; AFRL-SN-HS-JA-2004-0284; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The author addresses the impact of diverse polarisations on clutter statistics in the context of waveform diversity for multifunctional operation from a specific platform as well as for multiple sensing from multiple platforms. A key issue in this 363

context is that of clutter mitigation via the use of diverse waveforms. Classical space time adaptive processing (STAP) methods for radar target detection can be viewed in the context of a whiten and match filter. To this end, efficient waveforms that lend themselves for such processing are sought. The author specifically considers a statistical analysis of experimental data collected at low grazing angles to validate the fact that vertical transmit vertical receive (VV) polarised data conform to Rayleigh scatter, whereas horizontal transmit horizontal receive data do not. Consequently, VV data are suitable for whiten and match processing adopted in conventional radar STAP. DTIC Clutter; Radar; Statistical Analysis 20060048941 Air Force Research Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA USA Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabilities of STAP Detectors - the AMF Srinivasan, Rajan; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar; Sep 2005; 11 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2304 Report No.(s): AD-A453722; AFRL-SN-HS-JA-2005-0182; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This paper is an initial attempt to harness the power of adaptive importance sampling techniques for estimating false alarm probabilities of space-time adaptive radar detectors. Fast simulation using importance sampling has been notably successful in the study of conventional constant false alarm rate radar detectors, and in several other applications. The principal task here is to examine the viability of using importance sampling methods for STAP detection. Though a modest beginning, the adaptive matched filter detection algorithm is analyzed successfully using fast simulation. Two biasing methods are proposed in this paper. One of them known as the g-method is shown to yield excellent results. The important problem of detector threshold determination is also addressed, with matching outcome. The work reported here serves to pave the way to development of more advanced estimation techniques that can facilitate design of powerful and robust detection algorithms designed to counter hostile and heterogenous clutter environments. DTIC Detectors; False Alarms; Probability Theory; Radar; Space-Time Adaptive Processing 20060048962 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body Systems Austin, Mark; Krishnaprasad, P S; Wang, L -S; Jan 1991; 38 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; AFOSR-90-0105 Report No.(s): AD-A453799; SRC-TR-91-45R1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper we discuss the numerical integration of Lie-Poisson Systems using the mid- point rule. Since such systems result from the reduction of hamiltonian systems with symmetry by Lie group actions, we also present examples of reconstruction rules for the full dynamics. A primary motivation is to preserve in the integration process, various conserved quantities of the original dynamics. A main result of this paper is an O(h(exp 3)) error estimate for the Lie-Poisson structure where h is the integration step-size. We note that Lie-Poisson systems appear naturally in many areas of physical science and engineering, including theoretical mechanics of fluids and plasmas, satellite dynamics, and polarization dynamics. In the present paper we consider a series of progressively complicated examples related to rigid body systems. We also consider a dissipative example associated to a Lie- Poisson system. The behavior of the mid-point rule and an associated reconstruction rule is numerically explored. DTIC Mathematical Models; Numerical Integration; Poisson Density Functions; Rigid Structures 20060048974 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Identification of Materiel Damage in Two Dimensional Domains Using Squid Based NDE System Banks, H T; Kojima, F; Jan 2002; 32 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0026 Report No.(s): AD-A453823; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Problems on the identification of two-dimensional spatial domains arising in the detection and characterization of material damage are considered. For electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation systems, observations of the magnetic flux from the front surface are used in a output least-square approach. Parameter estimation techniques based on the method of mappings are discussed and approximation schemes are developed applying a finite-element Galerkin approach. Theoretical convergence 364

results for computational techniques are given and results are applied to numerical experiments to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed schemes. DTIC Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics; Damage; Domains; Nondestructive Tests; SQUID (Detectors) 20060048975 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA Histogram Estimators of Bivariate Densities Husemann, Joyce A; Apr 1986; 110 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG29-85-K-0212; N00014-85-K-0100 Report No.(s): AD-A453824; TR-86-5; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy One-dimensional fixed-interval histogram estimators of univariate probability density functions are less efficient than the analogous variable-interval estimators which are constructed from intervals whose lengths are determined by the criterion of integrated mean squared error (lMSE) minimization. Similarly, two-dimensional fixed-cell-size histogram estimators of bivariate probability density functions are less efficient than variable cell size estimators whose cell sizes are determined from IMSE minimization. Only estimators whose cell sides are parallel to the coordinate axes are examined. The estimators are classified according to the functional dependence of their cell dimensions upon x and y : each cell dimension of the Minimally Restricted Mesh depends upon both x and y ; one cell dimension of the Semi-fixed-dimension Mesh is fixed, and the other depends upon either x alone or y alone; one cell dimension of the Variable-dimension Mesh I depends upon x and the other upon y; one cell dimension of the Variable-dimension Mesh II depends upon x alone or y alone and the other depends upon both x and y. The Minimally Restricted Mesh results in the smallest IMSE of the four types, but is not implementable. The other meshes are implementable and are listed above in order of decreasing IMSE. Random vectors from Dirichlet, mixed bivariate and elliptical bivariate normal distributions were generated and used to construct optimal histograms. The Variable-dimension Mesh II produced histograms having IMSEs from 20 to 9O percent smaller than those from histograms based upon optimal fixed-dimension meshes. The most substantial improvements were observed for mixed bivariate normal densities having strongly unequal variances. Modest improvements (20%) were observed for skewed densities and slightly elliptical densities, but no improvements were observed in cases of highly elliptical densities whose axes were rotated 45% from the coordinate axes. DTIC Bivariate Analysis; Histograms; Probability Density Functions 20060048994 Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA USA A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Prediction Barbu, Costin; Valent, Philip; Richardson, Michael; Abelev, Andrei; Plant, Nathaniel; Jan 2004; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453874; NRL/PP/7400-03-2; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Predicting the degree of burial of mines in soft sediments is one of the main concerns of Naval Mine CounterMeasures (MCM) operations This is a difficult problem to solve due to uncertainties and variability of the sediment parameters(i.e. density and shear strength) and of the mine state at contact with the seafloor (i.e. vertical and horizontal velocity, angular rotation rate and pitch angle at the mudline). A stochastic approach is proposed in this paper to better incoporate the dynamic nature of free-falling cylindrical mines in the modeling of impact burial. The orientation, trajectory and velocity of cylindrical mines, after about 4 meters free-fall in the water column, are very strongly influenced by boundary layer effects causing quite chaotic behavior. The model’s convolution of the uncertainty through its nonlinearity is addressed by employing Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, a risk analysis based on the probability of encountering an undetectable mine is performed. DTIC Countermeasures; Models; Monte Carlo Method; Probability Density Functions 20060048999 Naval Research Lab., Stennis Space Center, MS USA Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft Sediments: Experimental Evidence and Predictions Abelev, Andrei V; Valent, Philip J; Feb 11, 2004; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453882; NRL/PP/7400-03-3; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The paper presents results of 21 deployments of an instrumented, mine-like cylinder over soft cohesive sediment seafloor at two sites. The focus of this work is the sediment penetration phase. The paper gives a statistical description of the sediment penetration dynamics and compares the observed behavior with predictions from an impact burial software package. It is 365

shown that, due to simplifications and assumptions adopted in the package, the predictions are only marginally acceptable in describing the experimentally observed motions, orientations and amount of burial. It is further shown that extending the currently two-dimensional formulation of the predictive software may not result in significant improvements of the overall predictions of impact burial. It is argued that such improvements may only be achieved through a more accurate constitutive model of the deforming sediment. DTIC Computer Programs; Models; Sediments; Statistical Analysis 20060049234 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA The Determination of Remaining Satellite Propellant Using Measured Moments of Inertia Geitgey, Jason W; Jun 2006; 163 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453964; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J04; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453964; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This research is designed to demonstrate that a change in satellite propellant can be determined using measured moments of inertia (MOI) from a satellite. Because satellites are currently incapable of being refueled in orbit it is important to have multiple methods to determine the remaining fuel onboard. This research can also support satellite operator selection of control-system gains to improve performance or recover the spacecraft. To meet the research objectives, new mathematical models of the Air Force Institute of Technology’s Simulated Satellite (SimSat) were developed. These models were created using dynamic response analysis techniques on the reaction wheel and SimSat systems. The models were than validated against the existing SimSat hardware. Using a least-squares parameter estimation technique, the model and hardware data were compared to determine the resulting change in measured MOI. Then, using a calibrated baseline model, telemetry data was compared to the model to determine the MOI of the unknown system. The research found it is possible to determine the change in satellite fuel from measured MOI. The research also found there are limits to this detection technique based on the accuracy of the mathematical model and the angle of the detection maneuver being performed. DTIC Least Squares Method; Moments of Inertia; Orbits; Propellants 20060049286 Air Force Research Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA USA Statistical Analysis of the Nonhomogeneity Detector for Non-Gaussian Interference Backgrounds Rangaswamy, Muralidhar; Jun 2005; 12 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2304 Report No.(s): AD-A454079; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454079; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We derive the nonhomogeneity detector (NHD) for non-Gaussian interference scenarios and present a statistical analysis of the method. The non-Gaussian interference scenario is assumed to be modeled by a spherically invariant random process (SIRP). We present a method for selecting representative (homogeneous) training data based on our statistical analysis of the NHD for finite sample support used in covariance estimation. In particular, an exact theoretical expression for the NHD test statistic probability density function (PDF) is derived. Performance analysis of the NHD is presented using both simulated data and measured data from the multichannel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) program. A performance comparison with existing NHD approaches is also included. DTIC Detectors; Inhomogeneity; Statistical Analysis 20060049373 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Standards (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Bunch, Howard M; Sep 1989; 13 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454329; NSRP-0310; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454329; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper is a presentation of the results of a study conducted at a U.S. Navy shipyard during 1987 concerning the relationship between engineering standards and the variances that were occurring in production budget and charged manhours. The 10 engineering standards having the greatest manhour variances were examined. These standards, as a group, accounted for ahout 62 percent of the manhour variance that was reported during the first nine months of 1987. The study indicated that, 366

with one exception, all of the standards were ‘generic’ in their application, i.e., they can be applied over a wide range of job orders. The study also concluded that engineered standards are only partially responsible for the production variance. DTIC Analysis of Variance; Marine Technology; Ships; Shipyards 20060049586 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Steering Policies for Markov Decision Processes Under a Recurrence Condition Ma, Dye-Jyu; Makowski, Armand M; Jan 1988; 28 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; NSF-ECS83-51836 Report No.(s): AD-A454595; SRC-TR-88-41; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper presents a class of adaptive policies in the context of Markov decision processes (MDP’s) with long-run average performance measures. Under a recurrence condition, the proposed policy alternates between two stationary policies so as to adaptively track a sample average cost to a desired value. Direct sample path arguments are presented for investigating the convergence of sample average costs and the performance of the adaptive policy is discussed. The obtained results are particularly useful in discussing constrained MDP’s with a single constraint. Applications include a wide class of constrained MDP’s with finite state space (Beutler and Ross 1985), an optimal flow control problem (Ma and Makowski 1987) and an optimal resource allocation problem (Nain and Ross 1986). DTIC Markov Processes; Policies; Steering 20060049668 New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY USA On Minimax Robust Data Fusion Geraniotis, E; Chau, Y A; Jan 1988; 22 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-86-K-0013; NSF-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454730; SRC-TR-88-99; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper, minimax robust data fusion schemes based on discrete-time observations with statistical uncertainty aie considered. The observations are assumed to be i.i.d and the decisions of all sensors independent when conditioned on the either of two hypotheses. The statistics of the observations are only known to belong to uncertainty classes deternined by 2-alternating Choquet capacities. Both cases of fixed-sample-size (block) data fusion and sequential data fusion are examined. For specific performance measures, three robust fusion rules: suboptimal, optimal and asymptotically optimal --as the number of sensors increases--are derived for the block data fusion case, and an asymptotically robust fusion rule is derived for the sequential data fusion case; these fusion rules are optimal in the class of rules employing likelihood ratio tests. In all situations the robust ftsion rule makes use of likelihood ratios and thresholds which depend on the least-favorable probability distributions in the uncertainty class. In the limit of a large ruimber of sensors, it is shown that the same threshold can be used by all sensors, which in turn simplifies the overall computation. DTIC Minimax Technique; Multisensor Fusion 20060049673 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Systems in Correlated Noise with Non-Gaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic Behavior of the Difference Between the MMSE and LMSE Estimates Sowers, Richard B; Makowski, Armand M; Jan 1989; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSF-CDR88-03012; NSF-ECS83-51836 Report No.(s): AD-A454737; SRC-TR-89-38; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We consider the one-step prediction problem for discrete-time linear systems in correlated plant and observation noises, and non-Gaussian initial conditions. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the expected square Et of the difference between the MMSE and LMMSE (or Kalman) estimates of the state given past observations. We characterize the hrnit of the error seqnence {Et, t = 0,1,...) and obtain some related rates of convergence, with complete analysis being provided for the scalar case. The discussion is based on the explicit representations which were obtained by the authors in [ , ] for the MMSE and LMMSE estimates, and which explicitly display the dependence of these quantities on the initial distribution. DTIC Asymptotic Properties; Estimates; Kalman Filters; Linear Systems 367

20060049707 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USA Monitoring Employment Conditions of Military Spouses Lim, Nelson; Golinelli, Daniela; Jan 2006; 50 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-0004 Report No.(s): AD-A454802; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Decisions to enlist and especially to remain in the military are often not made alone. Most of the 1.4 million active-duty members are married, and they must consider the interests of their spouses when deciding whether or not to remain in the military. Spouses, in turn, will be influenced by their own civilian opportunities as circumscribed by the members’ military life. Most spouses of active-duty personnel are active in the labor market (i.e., employed or seeking work). This status means civilian employment opportunities will affect how members view military life and how willing they are to continue committing their families to military life. The issues of military spouses in the labor market are therefore critical ones for retention of military members. Military spouses, however, confront substantial obstacles to finding work and developing their own careers. Their unemployment rates are higher than those for civilian counterparts, and most military spouses perceive that being a military spouse adversely affects their work opportunities. As part of the continuing research on the quality of life of military families, the RAND Corporation was asked to explore how to optimally use current data sources to monitor employment conditions of military spouses, and to determine if additional data sources are necessary. This document presents RAND’s research on developing employment statistics for military spouses. Developing these statistics would require determining the following: (1) valid measures of labor market conditions for military spouses, and (2) a sample of sufficient size to allow generalization to the population of military spouses. DTIC Data Acquisition; Employment; Military Personnel; Statistics

20060049724 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA USA Bayesian Regularization for Normal Mixture Estimation and Model-Based Clustering Fraley, Chris; Raftery, Adrian E; Aug 4, 2005; 57 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-10745; NIH-8-R01-EB002137-02 Report No.(s): AD-A454825; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Normal mixture models are widely used for statistical modeling of data, including cluster analysis. However maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for normal mixtures using the EM algorithm may fail as the result of singularities or degeneracies. To avoid this, we propose replacing the MLE by a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator, also found by the EM algorithm. For choosing the number of components and the model parameterization, we propose a modified version of BIC, where the likelihood is evaluated at the MAP instead of the MLE. We use a highly dispersed proper conjugate prior, containing a small fraction of one observation’s worth of information. The resulting method avoids degeneracies and singularities, but when these are not present it gives similar results to the standard method using MLE, EM and BIC. DTIC Bayes Theorem; Mathematical Models; Multivariate Statistical Analysis

20060049726 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA USA Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Sharpness Gneiting, Tilmann; Balabdaoui, Fadoua; Raftery, Adrian E; May 2005; 32 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-10745 Report No.(s): AD-A454827; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Probabilistic forecasts of a continuous variable take the form of predictive densities or predictive cumulative distribution functions. We propose a diagnostic approach to the evaluation of predictive performance that is based on the paradigm of maximizing the sharpness of the predictive distributions subject to calibration. Calibration refers to the statistical consistency between the distributional forecasts and the observations and is a joint property of the predictions and the events that materialize. Sharpness refers to the concentration of the predictive distributions and is a property of the forecasts only. A simple game-theoretic framework allows us to distinguish probabilistic calibration, exceedance calibration and marginal calibration. We propose and study tools for checking calibration and sharpness, among them the probability integral transform (PIT) histogram, marginal calibration plots, the sharpness diagram and proper scoring rules. The diagnostic approach is illustrated by an assessment and ranking of probabilistic forecasts of wind speed at the Stateline wind energy center in the US Pacific Northwest. In combination with cross-validation or in the time series context, our proposal provides very general, 368

nonparametric alternatives to the use of information criteria for model diagnostics and model selection. DTIC Calibrating; Forecasting; Probability Theory 20060049739 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases Fu, Jyun-Horng; Abed, Eyad H; Feb 1990; 33 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSFD-CDR-8803012 Report No.(s): AD-A454841; SRC-TR-90-11; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Liapunov functions are constructed for nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations whose linearized system at an equilibrium point possesses either a simple zero eigenvalue or a complex conjugate pair of simple, pure imaginary eigenvalues. The construction is explicit, and yields parametrized families of Liapunov functions for such systems. In the case of a zero eigenvalue, the Liapunov functions contain quadratic and cubic terms in the state. Quartic terms appear as well for the case of a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues. Predictions of local asymptotic stability using these Liapunov functions are shown to coincide with those of pertinent bifurcation-theoretic calculations. The development of this paper is carried out using elementary properties of multilinear functions. The Liapunov function families thus obtained are amenable to symbolic computer coding. DTIC Liapunov Functions; Nonlinear Systems; Symbolic Programming 20060049750 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Processes With Average Cost Criterion: A Survey Arapostathis, Aristotle; Borkar, Vivek S; Fernandez-Gaucherand, Emmanuel; Ghosh, Mrinal K; Marcus, Steven I; Mar 31, 1992; 71 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-91-0033; F49620-92-J-0045 Report No.(s): AD-A454852; SRC-TR-91-109-R1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This work is a survey of the average cost control problem for discrete time Markov processes. We have attempted to put together a comprehensive account of the considerable research on this problem over the past three decades. Our exposition ranges from finite to Borel state and action spaces and includes a variety of methodologies to find and characterize optimal policies. We have included a brief historical perspective of the research efforts in this area and have compiled a substantial yet not exhaustive bibliography. We have also identified several important questions which are still left open to investigation. DTIC Cost Analysis; Costs; Markov Processes; Surveys 20060049760 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA USA Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust Model-Based Segmentation of Microarray Images Li, Qunhua; Fraley, Chris; Bumgarner, Roger E; Yeung, Ka Y; Raftery, Adrian E; Jan 2005; 20 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-1-0745; 8R01-EB002137-02 Report No.(s): AD-A454864; TR-473; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Inner holes, artifacts and blank spots are common in microarray images, but current image analysis methods do not pay them enough attention. We propose a new robust model-based method for processing microarray images so as to estimate foreground and background intensities. The method starts with a very simple but effective automatic gridding method, and then proceeds in two steps. The first step applies model-based clustering to the distribution of pixel intensities, using the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) to choose the number of groups up to a maximum of three. The second step is spatial, finding the large spatially connected components in each cluster of pixels. The method thus combines the strengths of histogram-based and spatial approaches. It deals effectively with inner holes in spots and artifacts. It also provides a formal inferential basis for deciding when the spot is blank, namely when the BIC favors one group over two or three. In experiments, our method had better stability across replicates than a fixed-circle segmentation method or the seeded region growing method in the SPOT software, without introducing noticeable bias when estimating the intensities of differentially expressed genes. An R software package called spotSegmentation implementing the method is being made available through the BioConductor project. DTIC Image Processing; Models; Segments 369

20060049825 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Strong Consistency of the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Estimation Li, Ta-hsin; Kedem, Benjamin; Jun 1991; 37 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0049; N00014-89-J-1051 Report No.(s): AD-A454944; SRC-TR-92-21; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Consider the stationary process y sub t =beta cos(omega sub 0 t + phi) + epsilon sub t, and a parametric filter L sub alpha, and let rho(alpha) be the first-order antocorrdation of the filtered process {L sub alpha (y) sub t}. Under a certain assnmption on the filtered noise spectrum, rho(alpha) is contractive at cos omega sub 0. It is shown that the sample estimate of rho(alpha), denoted by rho-dot(alpha) and obtained from a finite sampte of length n, has with probability one a fixed point alpha-dot sub n in a neighborhood of cos omegas sub 0, and that the sequence of fixed points {&n} converges with probability one to cosw0. The proof is based on a general result regarding the uniform consistency of the sample autocorrelation. The developed theory is illustrated by two nnmerical examples pertaining to two different parametric time invariant filters. DTIC Autocorrelation; Consistency; Contraction; Frequencies 20060049832 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA On the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Detection Kedem, Benjamin; Yakowitz, Sidney; Jun 1991; 32 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0049; CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454953; SRC-TR-92-45; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The contraction mapping method for frequency estimation in the presence of noise, identifies the cosine of the frequency to be detected as a fixed point of a certain correlation mapping. At its heart, the method provides a plan for automatic self tuning of parametric filters. A variant of the method, called the HK algorithm, produces recursive zero-crossing rates (normalized HOC sequences) that converge to the frequency of interest. A statistical explanation for the contraction mapping method as epitomized by the HK algorithm is provided when the HOC sequences are produced by bandpass filters. The outright consistency of the zero-crossing rate is not required. Examples show that the method performs quite remarkably. DTIC Contraction; Detection; Frequency Measurement 20060049833 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Estimation of Multiple Sinusoids by Parametric Filtering Li, Ta-Hsin; Kedem, Benjamin; Jan 1992; 49 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0049; N00014-89-1051 Report No.(s): AD-A454954; SRC-TR-92-51; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The problem of estimating the frequencies of multiple sinusoids from noisy observations is addressed in this paper. A parametric filtering approach, called the PF method, is proposed that leads to a consistent estimator of the AR representation of the sinusoidal signal, given the number of sinusoids. It is accomplished by using an iterative procedure to find a fixed point of the parametrized least squares estimator (from the filtered data) that comprises a contraction mapping in the vicinity of the true AR parameter. Employing appropriate filters, this method is able to achieve the accuracy of the nonlinear least squares estimator, with much less computational complexity and initialization requirement. It can also be implemented adaptively (recursively) in order to track time varying frequencies. In this way, the PF method provides a flexible and efficient procedure of frequency estimation. An example of the AR filter is investigated in detail to illustrate the performance of the PF method. DTIC Least Squares Method; Sine Waves 20060049841 ENSCO, Inc., Springfield, VA USA Investigation of Factors Affecting the Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ratio Discriminant Baumgardt, Douglas; Der, Zoltan; Freeman, Angelina; Keohane, Meghan; Mar 2006; 62 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTRA-01-00-C-0043; Proj-CO Report No.(s): AD-A454964; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The research under this program has investigated problems associated with transporting regional-phase amplitude ratios, such as Pn/Sn or Pn/Lg ratios. The first study investigated the effect of sensor site effects on the variance of P/S ratios. Using 370

multiple array recordings of groups of events in the same source region, we characterized the factors that contribute bias or the scatter of P/S ratio measurements, after correction for propagation path effects. The variance in the P/S ratio around regional arrays reveals the extent to which site affects cause variations in P/S ratios. The partitioning of the variance between source, path, and receivier effects was examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the second study, we performed a statistical analysis of the transportability of P/S ratio discriminates using separability measures and optimum transformations in order to reduce dimensionality of multiple frequency P/S ratios. These transformations consist of calculating the intra-class, and inter-class scatter matrices for P/S ratio discrirminants and using the eigenvectors, corresponding to the largest eigenvalues of,the inter-class matrix to compute optimum transformation of discriminants that provide the best separation. We applied this analysis to distance-corrected,discriminants in different regions (e.g., China,’Eurasia, North A,merica) in order to compare discriminant effectiveness for different regions and to evaluate the transportability of optimum discriminant decision surfaces. DTIC Amplitudes; Analysis of Variance

20060049856 Baker (Wilfred) Engineering, Inc., San Antonio, TX USA Some Properties of Empirical Risk Minimization Over Donsker Classes Caponnetto, Andrea; Rakhlin, Alexander; May 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454986; AI-MEMO-2005-018; CBCL-MEMO-250; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) We study properties of algorithms which minimize (or almost-minimise) empirical error over a Donsker class of functions. we show that the L2-diameter of the set of almost-minimizers is converging to zero in probability. Therefore, as the number of samples grows, it is becoming unlikely that adding a point (or a number of points) to the training set will result in a large jump (in L2 distance) to a new hypothesis. We also show that under some conditions the expected errors of the almost-minimizers are becoming close with a rate faster than pi(exp -1/2). DTIC Optimization; Risk; Statistical Tests

20060049858 Baker (Wilfred) Engineering, Inc., San Antonio, TX USA Fast Rates for Regularized Least-Squares Algorithm Caponnetto, Andrea; De Vito, Ernesto; Apr 2005; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454989; AI-MEMO-2005-013; CBCL-MEMO-248; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) We develop a theoretical analysis of generalization performances of regularized least-squares on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces for supervised learning. we show that the concept of effective dimension of an integral operator plays a central role in the definition of a criterion for the choice of the regularization parameter as a function of the number of samples. In fact a minimax analysis is performed which shows asymptotic optimality of the above mentioned criterion. DTIC Algorithms; Kernel Functions; Least Squares Method

20060049859 Baker (Wilfred) Engineering, Inc., San Antonio, TX USA Combining Variable Selection with Dimensionality Reduction Wolf, Lior; Bileschi, Stanley; Mar 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454990; AI-MEMO-2005-009; CBCL-MEMO-247; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This paper bridges the gap between variable selection methods (e.g.. Pearson coefficients. KS test) and dimensionality reduction algorithms (e.g.. PCA. LDA). Variable selection algorithms encounter difficulties dealing with highly correlated data. since many features are similar in quality. Dimensionality reduction algorithms tend to combine all variables and cannot select a subset of significant variables. Our approach combines both methodologies by applying variable selection followed by dimensionality reduction. This combination makes sense only when using the same utility function in both stages. which 371

we do. The resulting algorithm benefits from complex features as variable selection algorithms do. and at the same time enjoys the benefits of dimensionality reduction. DTIC Algorithms; Combinatorial Analysis; Measurement 20060050021 NATO Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy A Bayesian Approach to Predicting an Unknown Number of Targets Based on Sensor Performance Bryan, Karna; Carthel, Craig; Aug 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454747; NURC-PR-2006-005; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) No abstract available Bayes Theorem; Predictions; Targets 20060050167 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Robust Sequential Tests for Memoryless Discrimination From Dependent Observations Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1991; 45 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1375; NSF-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454860; SRC-TR-91-25; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The problem of robust sequential discrimination from two dependent observation sequences with uncertain Statistics is addressed. As in Part 1 of this study, which treated asymptotically optimal sequential discrimination for stationary observations characterized by m-dependent or mixing type of dependence, sequential tests based on memoryless nonlinearities are employed. In particular, the sequential tests robustified in this paper employ linear test statistics of the form S sub n = A(bar)[sum over i=1 to n]g(X sub i) + B(bar)n, where (X sub i) n over i = 1 is the observation sequence, the coefficients A(bar) and B(bar) are selected so that the normalized drifts of S sub n are antipodal under the two hypotheses, and the nonlinearity g solves a linear integral equation. As shown in Part I, the performance of these tests is very close to that of the asymptotically optimal memoryless sequential tests when the statistics of the observations are known. The above tests are robustified in terms of the error probabilities and the expected sample numbers under the two hypotheses, for statistical uncertainty determined by 2-alternating capacity classes for the marginal (univariate) PDFs and upper bounds on the correlation coefficients of time-shifts of the observations sequence for the bivariate PDFs. Finally, the robustification of sequential tests based on a test statistic similar to S sub n defined above is carried out for detecting a weak-signal in stationary m-dependent or mixing noise with uncertainty in the univariate and bivariate PDFs. DTIC Statistical Tests; Robustness (Mathematics)

66 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH Includes mathematical modeling of systems; network analysis; mathematical programming; decision theory; and game theory.

20060048643 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Linear Control Theory as Applied to Smart Structures Kantor, George A; Jan 1995; 130 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL03-92-G-01201; NSF-ECE-90-96121 Report No.(s): AD-A453250; ISR-MS-95-12; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453250; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy This thesis investigates linear control theory as applied to smart structures. Specifically, the problem of active vibration damping in a flexible cantilever beam using piezo-electric ceramic crystals (PZT) as sensors and actuators is addressed. The problem of controlling linear time invariant systems subject to hard input constraints is considered. Some existing methods are reviewed and some new methods are presented. The subject of rapid prototyping and automatic system identification is addressed. Automatic system identification techniques are developed and combined with a commercially available rapid prototyping system to create a test bed which can be used to rapidly model and control existing plants. Closed loop control laws designed to actively damp vibrations in a flexible cantilever beam were tested in various laboratory experiments. The experiments are described, the design of the control laws is discussed, and the results of the experiments are presented. Finally, impact between a flexible robotic arm and a fixed sphere is addressed. A model for the impact forces is developed and 372

compared with experimentally determined impact data. An open loop control law using a neural network is implemented to control the magnitude of the impact force. DTIC Control Theory; Smart Structures 20060048645 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Database Systems in the Framework of Discrete Event Systems Ghosh, Anunoy; Jan 1994; 96 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-92-J-0045; NSFD-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A453252; ISR-MS-95-6; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453252; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy Real-time systems are an active area of research currently, motivated by the potential of widespread applicability in areas like stock trading, network management, air traffic control, robotics and factory automation. Since these systems deal with large quantities of information, real-time systems are being coupled with database systems to aid in the efficient storage, processing and retrieval of data. Such database systems are called Real-Time Database Systems (RTDBS). The problem of concurrency control and scheduling of transactions in real time database systems is studied in the framework of discrete event dynamical systems (DEDS) modeled by deterministic finite automata (DFAs). Concurrency control and scheduling are separated into two different modules (a logical DEDS model for the CC module and a heuristic implementation of a scheduler) to allow modular analysis of various combinations of concurrency control and scheduling algorithms. The model is developed analytically using the theory of discrete event dynamical systems. Subsequently the design of a simulation software is reported that uses this model to simulate transaction execution for a (concurrency controller, scheduler) pair. Finally, we show that our approach can also be viewed as a special case of a supervisory control theory (SCT) synthesis technique. The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate the applicability of DEDS theory as a powerful tool in modeling and analyzing transaction models in real time database systems and to show potential applications of modern SCT techniques in this area. DTIC Control Theory; Data Bases; Real Time Operation 20060048651 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA A Systems Engineering Approach to Design a Smart Tool Post Structure Ko, Wing F; Jan 1995; 143 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453258; ISR-MS-95-9; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453258; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy Precision machining has received more and more industry-wide attention as dimensional accuracy becomes a significant measure of quality in a product. The key in achieving today’s quality requirement is, therefore, precision of a machine tool. Since the invention of the first computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tool in the 1960’s, machine tool research has entered an almost stagnant stage. There are numerous reasons for the slow progress, and the lack of system-wide studies of the machine tool performance is one of them. The research presented in this thesis focuses on improving machining accuracy using a systems engineering approach. A conventional lathe during machining is taken under consideration as a machining system. The tool post is identified as a critical component in the machining system to achieve the defined machining accuracy. Smart material made actuators are used to design a new tool post structure that is capable of carrying out an active vibration control during machining. In this thesis research, the fabrication of the designed tool post is completed. Results obtained from the initial tests strongly demonstrate its capability to attenuate tool vibration during machining in an active and intelligent way. Thus, the smart tool post system fill fills the design objective of achieving microscopic level machining precision on a low cost conventional machine tool platform. Suggestion on the actuator specifications are made for further improvement on vibration compensation. DTIC Damping; Machining; Smart Structures; Systems Engineering; Vibration 20060048745 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) Gatlin, O H; Starkenburg, C J; Smith, D; Starkenburg, C; Grimsley, G B; O’Callahan, J J; Blanchard, Jr, E E; Logue, F; Taylor, J; Weidman, W; Doussan, T; Nierenberg, A; Niolet, D; Seibert, W; Caronna, S; Calvin, W; Mouney, D; Busch, J; Pourciau, B; Decedue, D; Feb 1986; 176 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTMA-91-82-C-20022; DMTA-91-84-C-41045 373

Report No.(s): AD-A453465; UMTRI-85-54; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453465; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) As part of the government/industry-supported National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP), a technical evaluation of the operation of Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated (ASI), was performed by consultants from Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Company, Limited (IHI), in 1980. ASI subsequently implemented four major IHI systems recommended in that evaluation: Accuracy Control Production Planning Design Engineering for Zone Outfitting Process Lanes The implementation of these systems has decreased production time and increased productivity, thus materially reducing costs. ASIS experience with these improvements was shared with the shipbuilding community via four seminars at the shipyard held from 1982 to 1984. The voluminous material which constituted the lecture notes of those seminars is condensed in this report. Essential material from all of the seminar lectures is included, but detailed discussions and examples of complex schedules and documents used at the shipyard have been left out. The complete work is included in the NSRP Microfiche Library (See Reference [3]). DTIC Design Analysis; Manufacturing; Marine Technology; Production Management; Quality Control; Ships 20060048926 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA A Notional Battlespace for Simulating and Testing Dynamic Wireless Networks Stookey, David E; Jun 2006; 87 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453676; AFIT/IC4/ENG/06-06; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Communications are critical to many operations and functions. The US military relies on a complex mesh of communication circuits, comprised of wired and wireless links. While mobile communication is necessarily wireless, currently mobile communication occurs in a rigid structure of centrally managed, dedicated links. Future military communication will require dynamic wireless networks where more data is routed and transported in an opportunistic method in the battlespace. Researchers are exploring various topics related to Dynamic Wireless Networks, including Topology Control, Dynamic Mobile Routing, and Hybrid Communication Links. Testing the military application of these research areas requires an understanding of the battlespace and the assets and data flow requirements within the battlespace. This paper provides a scenario and data pertaining to a notional battlespace for use in testing, simulating and further research efforts into the implementation and use of dynamic wireless network application for the US military. First defining a battlespace, then describing assets that might be found in a generic battlespace. The paper concludes with tables, representing realistic data flow requirements and assets for a specific notional scenario for use in building a simulation to further test aspects of dynamic wireless networking in the battlespace. DTIC Command and Control; Computerized Simulation; Simulation 20060048969 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA Generalized Conjugate Directions Dennis, Jr, J E; Turner, Kathryn; May 1986; 25 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG29-83-K-0035; DE-AS05-82ER13016 Report No.(s): AD-A453816; TR-85-11; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper presents a simple unifying framework for a wide class of conjugate directions algorithms whose iterates minimize some quadratic functional over a subspace. Our approach is motivated by its advantages for nonlinear minimization, but the purpose of this paper is to present the greatly simplified convergence analysis that results for the linear case. DTIC Conjugates; Linear Systems; Quadratic Programming 20060049064 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis Ricks, Wendell; Guynn, Mark; Hahn, Andrew; Lepsch, Roger; Mazanek, Dan; Dollyhigh, Sam; [2006]; 14 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 772-07-05; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049064; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Mission analysis, as practiced by the NASA Langley Research Center’s Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate 374

(SACD), consists of activities used to define, assess, and evaluate a wide spectrum of aerospace systems for given requirements. The missions for these systems encompass a broad range from aviation to space exploration. The customer, who is usually another NASA organization or another government agency, often predefines the mission. Once a mission is defined, the goals and objectives that the system will need to meet are delineated and quantified. A number of alternative systems are then typically developed and assessed relative to these goals and objectives. This is done in order to determine the most favorable design approaches for further refinement. Trade studies are performed in order to understand the impact of a requirement on each system and to select among competing design options. Items varied in trade studies typically include: design variables or design constraints; technology and subsystem options; and operational approaches. The results of trade studies are often used to refine the mission and system requirements. SACD studies have been integral to the decision processes of many organizations for decades. Many recent examples of SACD mission and trade study analyses illustrate their excellence and influence. The SACD-led, Agency-wide effort to analyze a broad range of future human lunar exploration scenarios for NASA s Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) and the Mars airplane design study in support of the Aerial Regional-scale Environment Survey of Mars (ARES) mission are two such examples. This paper describes SACD’s mission and trade study analysis activities in general and presents the lunar exploration and Mars airplane studies as examples of type of work performed by the SACD. Author Systems Analysis; NASA Programs; Mission Planning; Aircraft Design; Mars Missions 20060049151 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities Cavanaugh, Stephen; Kumar, Ajay; Brewer, Laura; Kimmel, Bill; Korte, John; Moul, Tom; January 2006; 9 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sept. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 584772.07.05 Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2006-7025; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049151; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate (SACD) has been in the systems analysis business line supporting National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) aeronautics, exploration, space operations and science since the 1960 s. Our current organization structure is shown in Figure 1. SACD mission can be summed up in the following statements: 1. We conduct advanced concepts for Agency decision makers and programs. 2. We provide aerospace systems analysis products such as mission architectures, advanced system concepts, system and technology trades, life cycle cost and risk analysis, system integration and pre-decisional sensitive information. 3. Our work enables informed technical, programmatic and budgetary decisions. SACD has a complement of 114 government employees and approximately 50 on-site contractors which is equally split between supporting aeronautics and exploration. SACD strives for technical excellence and creditability of the systems analysis products delivered to its customers. The Directorate office is continuously building market intelligence and working with other NASA centers and external partners to expand our business base. The Branches strive for technical excellence and credibility of our systems analysis products by seeking out existing and new partnerships that are critical for successful systems analysis. The Directorates long term goal is to grow the amount of science systems analysis business base. Derived from text Aerospace Systems; Systems Analysis; Systems Integration; NASA Programs; Cost Analysis; Mission Planning; Life Cycle Costs 20060049152 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis Cavanaugh, Stephen; Chytka, Trina; Arcara, Phil; Jones, Sharon; Stanley, Doug; Wilhite, Alan W.; January 2006; 12 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sept. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 584772.07.05 Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2006-7029; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Systems analysis develops and documents candidate mission and architectures, associated system concepts, enabling capabilities and investment strategies to achieve NASA s strategic objectives. The technology assessment process connects the mission and architectures to the investment strategies. In order to successfully implement a technology assessment, there is a need to collect, manipulate, analyze, document, and disseminate technology-related information. Information must be collected and organized on the wide variety of potentially applicable technologies, including: previous research results, key 375

technical parameters and characteristics, technology readiness levels, relationships to other technologies, costs, and potential barriers and risks. This information must be manipulated to facilitate planning and documentation. An assessment is included of the programmatic and technical risks associated with each technology task as well as potential risk mitigation plans. Risks are assessed and tracked in terms of likelihood of the risk occurring and consequences of the risk if it does occur. The risk assessments take into account cost, schedule, and technical risk dimensions. Assessment data must be simplified for presentation to decision makers. The Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate (SACD) at NASA Langley Research Center has a wealth of experience in performing Technology Assessment and Portfolio Analysis as this has been a business line since 1978. Author Systems Analysis; Technology Assessment; Commerce; Schedules; Costs; Prototypes

20060049167 Jozef Stefan Inst., Ljubljana, Slovenia Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis Zele, Mina; Vrecko, Darko; Juricic, Dani; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 47-52; In Slovene; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Reliable measurements are a prerequisite for optimal wastewater plant operation and control. The paper presents design and validation of a system for sensor faults detection in a pilot plant of the Domzale-Kamnik Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). WWTP operation is depended on daily, weekly and seasonal variations of the influent load and wastewater temperature. Constructing the first principle model to accurately predict the WWTP behaviour is a demanding task. For this purpose, statistical process monitoring (SPM) based on a principal component analysis (PCA) is applied. False alarms due to WWTP non-stationary processes are avoided by using adaptive PCA. It enables adaptation of a PCA model by updating scaling parameters of variables (mean and variance) and the covariance matrix recursively at each sampling time. In such a way the PCA model adapts to slow process changes while still being able to detect much faster sensor faults. The recursive PCA was applied to a nonlinear model of a pilot plant. The following measurements were used to calculate the principal components: influent ammonia concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration in the first aerobic reactor tank, dissolved oxygen concentration and ammonia concentration in the second aerobic reactor. The process dynamics was taken into account by extending the data matrix to include delayed signals. Faults were emulated by adding values to the measurement of the ammonia concentration in the second aerobic reactor. Results of the classical PCA and recursive PCA show that false alarms can be avoided by using recursive updating with an appropriate forgetting factor. Author Waste Water; Fault Detection; Principal Components Analysis; Pilot Plants; Dissolved Gases; Sampling; Variance (Statistics)

20060049287 Standards International, Inc., Chicago, IL USA Basic Principles of Industrial Engineering (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Oct 1987; 191 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454080; NSRP-0276; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454080; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy No abstract available Marine Technology; Ships

20060049288 Robinson-Page-McDonough and Associates, Inc., Greenland, NH USA Developing Scheduling Standards Using Regression Analysis: An Application Guide Graves, Robert J; McGinnis, Leon F; Jun 30, 1987; 50 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454082; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454082; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This Application Guide presents a step-by-step introduction to the development of scheduling standards using regression analysis. The presentation employs an example taken from a shipyard sheet metal shop and discusses the issues and procedures in constructing scheduling standards from work order-level data on actual fabrication times. The methods described in this Application Guide have been applied in three different shipyard shops, and in each case have produced scheduling standards with a prediction accuracy of at least 10%, when applied to a set of work orders representing roughly a manweek of work. The cost to establish scheduling standards using these methods compares very favorably to the cost for other techniques, 376

especially if engineered labor standards or measured labor standards must be available for those other methods. DTIC Regression Analysis; Scheduling

20060049303 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Pipeline Optimization Program (PLOP) Wilson, Derek; Aug 2006; 29 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454127; ERDC-TN-DOER-T5; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454127; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This technical note describes the Pipeline Optimization Program (PLOP), a computer program that optimizes pipeline transport of slurry based on slurry pump performance, material characteristics, pipeline characteristics, and industrial standards. PLOP uses a rules-based programming language, C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS). Rules-based languages are advantageous in addressing decision-making problems inherent to slurry pump and pipeline transport and are also consistent with the framework of the Dredging Operations Decision Support System (DODSS, https:// dodss.wes.army.mil/wiki/0). PLOP compiles industry standards and governing physical principles into a single executable file that makes decisions and processes output based solely on the initial input parameters. DTIC C (Programming Language); Computer Programs; Decision Support Systems; Pipelines; Programming Languages

20060049343 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Transformation Smith, Jane M; Gravens, Mark B; Jan 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454270; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454270; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The nearshore wave transformation model STWAVE is used to transform hindcast wave time histories to the shore to estimate longshore sediment transport rates. These transport rates are used to evaluate engineering design of beach fills and coastal shore protection structures. The boundary conditions used to force STWAVE are typically derived from the Wave Information Studies (WIS) wind-wave hindcast database. In the past, only bulk wave parameters (height, period, and direction) were available from the database, and these parameters were used to generate parametric spectra to drive the transformation model. Thus, the detailed spectral information from the hindcast was lost in the transition to the nearshore. The updated WIS hindcast is archiving wave spectra, as well as parameters, for intermediate-depth sites along the coast. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of driving a nearshore model with hindcast spectra versus parameters for a two-year period at Duck, North Carolina. Comparisons are made with nearshore gauge measurements. The relative impacts of the incident boundary input on sediment transport estimates for the two-year period are evaluated. DTIC Boundary Conditions; Coasts; Hindcasting; Ocean Surface; Sediment Transport; Water Waves

20060049403 California Univ., Irvine, CA USA Visualizing Parallel Workspace Activities Sarma, Anita; Hoek, Andre Van Der; Jan 2003; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-00-2-0599; F30602-00-2-0608 Report No.(s): AD-A454383; UCI-ISR-02-8; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454383; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Palantir is a configuration management workplace awareness tool that continuously informs developers of the changes that are made in parallel by other developers in other workspaces. In order to achieve its goal of reducing the number of merge conflicts when developers commit their artifacts, Palantir deliberately breaks traditional workspace isolation in order to promote better coordination of parallel activities. In this paper we examine four different visualizations that developers can use for visualizing the activities in other workspaces. We discuss their strengths and weaknesses, role within Palantir and opportunities for future improvements. DTIC Configuration Management; Layouts 377

20060049429 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Adaptive Compensators for Perturbed Positive Real Infinite Dimensional Systems Curtain, R F; Demetriou, M A; Ito, K; Jun 3, 1998; 22 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-95-1-0447 Report No.(s): AD-A454453; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454453; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The aim of this investigation is to construct an adaptive observer and an adaptive compensator for a class of infinite dimensional plants having a known exogenous input and a structured perturbation with an unknown constant parameter such as the case of static output feedback with an unknown gain. The adaptive observer uses the nominal dynamics of the unperturbed plant and an adaptation law based on the Lyapunov redesign method. We obtain conditions on the system to ensure uniform boundedness of the estimator dynamics and the parameter estimates and convergence of the estimator error. For the case of a known periodic exogenous input we design an adaptive compensator which forces the system to converge to a unique periodic solution. We illustrate our approach with a delay example and a diffusion example for which we obtain convincing numerical results. DTIC Adaptive Control; Compensators 20060049443 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Modeling and Control of Physical Processes Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Ly, Hung V; Tran, Hien T; Feb 12, 1999; 17 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-95-1-0447 Report No.(s): AD-A454477; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454477; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique (or the Karhunan Loeve procedure) has been used to obtain low dimensional dynamical models of many applications in engineering and science. In principle, the idea is to start with an ensemble of data, called snapshots, collected from an experiment or a numerical procedure of a physical system. The POD technique is then used to produce a set of basis functions which spans the snapshot collection. When these basis functions are used in a Galerkin procedure, they yield a finite dimensional dynamical system with the smallest possible degrees of freedom. In this context, it is assumed that the physical system has a mathematical model, which may not be available for many physical and/or industrial applications. In this paper, we consider the steady state Rayleigh-Benard convection whose mathematical model is assumed to be unknown, but numerical data are available. The aim of the paper is to show that, using the obtained ensemble of data, POD can be used to model accurately the natural convection. Furthermore, this approach is very efficient in the sense that it uses the smallest possible number of parameters and this is suited for process control. Particularly, we consider two boundary control problems: (a) tracking problem and (b) avoiding hot spot in a certain region of the domain. DTIC Control Theory; Decomposition 20060049450 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA An Adaptive Tabu Search Heuristic for the Location Routing Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows with a Theater Distribution Application Burks, Jr, Robert E; Aug 2006; 240 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454491; AFIT/DS/ENS/06-02; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454491; Avail.: CASI: A11, Hardcopy The time constrained pickup and delivery problem (PDPTW) is a problem of finding a set of routes for a fleet of vehicles in order to satisfy a set of transportation requests. Each request represents a user-specified pickup and delivery location. The PDPTW may be used to model many problems in logistics and public transportation. The location routing problem (LRP) is an extension of the vehicle routing problem where the solution identifies the optimal location of the depots and provides the vehicle schedules and distribution routes. This dissertation seeks to blend the PDPTW and LRP areas of research and formulate a location scheduling pickup and delivery problem with time windows (LPDPTW) in order to model the theater distribution problem and find excellent solutions. This research utilizes advanced tabu search techniques, including reactive tabu search and group theory applications, to develop a heuristic procedure for solving the LPDPTW. Tabu search is a metaheuristic that performs an intelligent search of the solution space. Group theory provides the structural foundation that supports the efficient search of the neighborhoods and movement through the solution space. DTIC Heuristic Methods; Position (Location); Scheduling 378

20060049575 Bath Iron Works Corp., ME USA Computer-Assisted Methodology for the Determination of the Optimal Number and Location of Tool Sheds (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Jul 1986; 129 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454579; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy This project was performed to provide computer assistance for choosinq optimal locations for toolrooms in shipyards. The tool used to accomplish this task is a computer proqram entitled Computer Assisted Toolroom Design (CATD) . The CATD program is executable on the IBM-AT and the IBM-PC with an 8087 co-processor chip. Tts operation and maintenance is outlined in the user and technical manual enclosed in the report. The CATD program provides the user with the ability to analyze a shipyard with respect to the utilization of its resources in reqards to toolroom locations. By determining optimal toolroom locations, the user gains an insiqht of the system and the systems possible improvements by varying the locations. Puthermore, proposed toolrooms can be tested in the proqram to determine their economic feasibility for expansion. An application of the program was performed at Inqall’s Shipyard. DTIC Computer Aided Design; Computer Techniques; Marine Technology; Position (Location); Ships; Site Selection

20060049577 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA Implementation of Advanced Technology in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Workshop Report Jessup, John G; Bunch, Howard M; Apr 1987; 119 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): POM-84097 Report No.(s): AD-A454583; UMTRI-87-24; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy This report outlines the development of a pilot workshop on the dynamics of organizational response to advanced technology implementation for the U.S. Shipbuilding industry, the tools that were utilized in executing the workshop design, and the lessons learned. The purpose of the workshop was to provide the process for management to gain a better understanding of the consequences of implementing advanced shipbuilding methods into the shipyard. The process for implementing advanced technology was based on industrial engineering and management science relevant to organizational change. Lecture topics included: ‘Organizations are Systems: Traditional Management vs. Open Systems Management;’ ‘The Socio-Technical Systems Model,’ and ‘Implementing Change and Managing Resistance to Change.’ In addition to the tutorial lectures, a series of working sessions is outlined. Recommendations are made for future workshops. DTIC Industries; Marine Technology; Productivity; Ships

20060049623 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Ship Squat Predictions for Ship/Tow Simulator Briggs, Michael J; Aug 2006; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454654; ERDC/CHL CHETN-I-72; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) summarizes several empirical ship squat predictions based on (Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (PIANC), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and Japanese guidance. A Fortran program was written and its use is described along with some comparisons for a typical bulk carrier and three different channel configurations. DTIC Hydrodynamics; Ships; Simulators

20060049646 New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM USA Event-Based Detection of Concurrency Cook, Jonathan E; Wolf, Alexander L; Apr 1998; 19 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-94-C-0253; CCR-93-02739 Report No.(s): AD-A454689; NMSU-CSTR-9808; CU-CS-860-98; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Computer Programming; Software Engineering; Systems Analysis 379

20060049667 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Interchange Arguments in Stochastic Scheduling Nain, Philippe; Tsoucas, Pantelis; Walrand, Jean; Nov 28, 1988; 15 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; NSFD-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454729; SRC-TR-88-95; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Interchange arguments are applied to establish the optimality of priority list policies in three problems. First, we prove that in a multi-class tandem of two ‘/M/1 queues it is always optimal in the second node to serve according to the ‘c mu’ rule, The result holds more generally if the first node is replaced by a muIti-class network consisting of ‘/M/1 queues with Bernoulli routing. Next, for scheduling a single server in a multi-class node with feedback, a simplified proof of Klimov’s result is given. From it follows the optimality of the index rule among idling policies for general service time distributions, and among pre-emptive policies when the service time distributions are exponential. Lastly, we consider the problem of minimizing the blocking in a communication link with lossy channels and exponential holding times. DTIC Communication Networks; Queueing Theory; Scheduling; Stochastic Processes

20060049669 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Optimal Scheduling with Strict Deadlines Bhattacharya, Partha P; Ephremides, Anthony; Jan 1989; 26 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-85-G-0207; N00014-88-K-0712 Report No.(s): AD-A454731; SRC-TR-89-1-10; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We consider the problem of dynamic scheduling of customers (messages) in time-critical environments. First, we consider a single station (communication node) and assume that each customer (message) must begin service (transmission) by an individually varying ‘extinction’ time or, else, it is lost. We are interested in minimizing, in the sense of stochastic order, the number of messages lost over any time interval. We prove a variety of results that establish the optimality of the STE (Shortest-Time-to Extinction) policy under rather general conditions. Similar results are also shown when messages have constralnts on their complete transmission times. If the scheduler is allowed to take decisions based only on the distribution of the deadlines (rather than their exact values), similar but somewhat stronger results are proven. Finally, we consider a network of M stations in tandem under the hypothesis that a message is never lost and is scheduled irrespective of whether its extinction time (also called due date in this case) has expired or not. Agaln,under falrly general assumptions on the arrivals, deadlines and services, we show that the EDD (Earliest Due Date) policy minimizes a form of average tardiness incurred over a finite operating horizon among all nonidling, nonpremptive policies. We formulate these problems in the context of stochastic dominance, and use simple interchange arguments to establish all our results. DTIC Real Time Operation; Scheduling

20060049685 Wisconsin Univ., Madison, WI USA Automated Discovery of Mimicry Attacks Giffin, Jonathon T; Jha, Somesh; Miller, Barton P; Jan 2006; 21 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-1-0708; CCR-0133629 Report No.(s): AD-A454761; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Model-based anomaly detection systems restrict program execution by a predefined model of allowed system call sequences. These systems are useful only if they detect actual attacks. Previous research developed manually-constructed mimicry and evasion attacks that avoided detection by hiding a malicious series of system calls within a valid sequence allowed by the model. Our work helps to automate the discovery of such attacks. We start with two models: a program model of the application’s system call behavior and a model of security-critical operating system state. Given unsafe OS state configurations that describe the goals of an attack, we then find system call sequences allowed as valid execution by the program model that produce the unsafe configurations. Our experiments show that we can automatically find attack sequences in models of programs such as wu-ftpd and passwd that previously have only been discovered manually. When undetected attacks are present, we frequently find the sequences with less than 2 seconds of computation. DTIC Anomalies; Computer Information Security; Models; Program Verification (Computers); Software Reliability 380

20060049687 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA USA A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in Information Extraction Downey, Doug; Etzioni, Oren; Soderland, Stephen; Jan 2006; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-02-1-0324; NBCHD030010 Report No.(s): AD-A454763; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Unsupervised Information Extraction (UIE) is the task of extracting knowledge from text without using hand-tagged training examples. A fundamental problem for both UIE and supervised IE is assessing the probability that extracted information is correct. In massive corpora such as the Web, the same extraction is found repeatedly in different documents. How does this redundancy impact the probability of correctness? This paper introduces a combinatorial balls-andurns model that computes the impact of sample size, redundancy, and corroboration from multiple distinct extraction rules on the probability that an extraction is correct. We describe methods for estimating the model’s parameters in practice and demonstrate experimentally that for UIE the model’s log likelihoods are 15 times better, on average, than those obtained by Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI) and the noisy-or model used in previous work. For supervised IE, the model’s performance is comparable to that of Support Vector Machines, and Logistic Regression. DTIC Extraction; Models; Redundancy 20060049690 Rochester Univ., NY USA Semantics, Dialogue, and Reference Resolution Tetreault, Joel; Allen, James; Jan 2006; 8 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-1-1015; NSF-0328810 Report No.(s): AD-A454766; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Most pronoun resolution research has focused on written corpora while using syntactical and surface cues. Though big gains have been made in this domain with those methods, it is difficult to do better than the 80% coverage in these domains without some world or semantic knowledge. We investigate this issue by incorporating rich semantic information into a proven reference resolution model over a very difficult domain of human-human task-oriented dialogues. Our results show that semantic information greatly improves performance and can even be viewed as a substitution for the usual syntactic filters. DTIC Heuristic Methods; Semantics 20060049709 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Developing and Understanding Methods for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimization Byrd, Richard H; Schnabel, Robert B; Jul 24, 2006; 5 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-02-1-0407 Report No.(s): AD-A454804; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy During the course of this grant, we have made further progress on our optimization approach for protein structure prediction. This includes development of a preconditioned limited-memory quasi-Newton method, which should have broader applicability. We have also developed and analyzed a method for constrained optimization that uses a linear programming subproblem as an active set predictor. In our work on tensor methods we have developed a tensor method for large-scale nonlinear systems of equations using a Krylov iteration to compute the step. DTIC Nonlinear Systems; Nonlinearity; Optimization 20060049722 Kestrel Technology, LLC, Los Altos, CA USA Temporal Planning with Preferences and Probabilities Morris, Robert; Morris, Paul; Khatib, Lina; Yorke-Smith, Neil; Jun 2005; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NBCHD-03-0010 Report No.(s): AD-A454821; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy In an uncertain world, a rational planning agent must simultaneously reason with uncertainty about expected outcomes of actions and preferences for those outcomes. This work focuses on systematically exploring the interactions between preferences for the durations of events, and uncertainty, expressed as probability distributions about when certain events will occur. We expand previous work by introducing a means for representing events and durations that are not under the control of the planner, as well as quantitative beliefs about when those events are likely to occur. Two reasoning problems are 381

introduced and methods for solving them proposed. First, given a desired overall preference level, compute the likelihood that a plan exists that meets or exceeds the specified degree of preference. Second, given an initial set of beliefs about durations of events, and preferences for times, infer a revised set of preferences that reflect those beliefs. DTIC Decision Support Systems; Planning; Probability Theory 20060049744 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Structural Optimization in a Distributed Computing Environment Voon, B K; Austin, M A; Jan 1991; 107 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0105; NSF-BCS-89-07722 Report No.(s): AD-A454846; SRC-TR-91-104; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy This report presents the formulation and testing of a Feasible Sequential Quadratic Programming (FSQP-DIS) optimization algorithm customized to a Distributed Numerical Computing environment (DNC). DNC utilizes networking technology and an ensemble of loosely coupled processors to compute structural analyses concurrently. Each iterate of the FSQP-DIS is partitioned for concurrent computations in the direction calculation, and the steplength calculation. The prototype environment is tested on three applications a mathematical programming problem, the design of a two-story planar steel frame, and finally, the optimal design of a two-story three-dimensional steel frame. DTIC Quadratic Programming; Structural Engineering 20060049746 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA PRA: Massively Parallel Heuristic Search Evett, Matthew; Hendler, James; Mahanti, Ambuj; Nau, Dana; Jan 1991; 26 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-88-K-0560; NSFD-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454848; SRC-TR-91-107; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper describes a variant of A* search designed to run on the massively parallel SIMD Connection Machine. The algorithm is designed to run in a limited memory by use of a retraction technique which allows nodes with poor heuristic values to be removed from the open list until such time as they may need reexpansion more promising paths having failed. Our algorithm, called PRA* (for Parallel Retraction A*), is designed to maximize use of the Connection Machine’s memory and processors. In addition, the algorithm is guaranteed to return an optimal path when an admissable heuristic is used. Results comparing PRA* to Korf’s IDA* for the fifteen-puzzle show significantly fewer node expansions for PRA*. In addition, empirical results show significant parallel speedups, indicative of the algorithm’s design for high processor utilization. DTIC Heuristic Methods; Massively Parallel Processors; Parallel Processing (Computers) 20060049748 Texas Univ., Austin, TX USA Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions With Application to Flexible Manufacturing Systems Ghosh, Mrinal K; Arapostathis, Aristotle; Marcus, Steven I; Oct 18, 1991; 26 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-89-C-0044; AFOSR-91-0033 Report No.(s): AD-A454850; SRC-TR-91-108; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A controlled switching diffusion model is developed to study the hierarchical control of flexible manufacturing systems. The existence of a homogeneous Markov non-randomized optimal policy is established by a convex analytic method. Using the existence of such a policy the existence of a unique solution in a certain class to the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations is established and the optimal policy is characterized as a minimizing selector of an appropriate Hamiltonian. DTIC Control Theory; Manufacturing; Optimal Control; Switching 20060049752 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Predicates and Predicate Transformers for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems Kumar, Ratnesh; Garg, Vijay; Marcus, Steven I; Jul 21, 1992; 33 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-92-J-0045; NSFD-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454854; SRC-TR-91-110-R1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Most discrete event system models are based on defining the alphabet set or the set of events as a fundamental concept. 382

This paper takes an alternative view of treating the state space as the fundamental concept. We approach the problem of controlling discrete event systems by using predicates and predicate transformers. Predicates have the advantage that they can concisely characterize an infinite state space. The notion of controllability of a predicate is defined, and the supervisory predicate control problem introduced in this paper is solved. A closed form expression for the weakest controllable predicate is obtained. The problem of controlling discrete event systems under incomplete state observation is also considered arid observability of predicates is defined. Techniques for finding external solutions of boolean equations is used to derive minimally restrictive supervisors. DTIC Control Theory; Discrete Functions; Dynamical Systems; Probability Distribution Functions; Transformers

20060049755 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Language Stability and Stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems Kumar, Ratnesh; Garg, Vijay; Marcus, Steven I; Jul 21, 1992; 35 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-92-J-0045; NSFD-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454858; SRC-TR-91-112-R1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper studies the stability and stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems (DEDS’s) modeled by state machines. We define stability and stabilizability in terms of the behavior of the DEDS’s, i.e. the language generated by the state machines (SM’s). This generalizes earlier work where they were defined in terms of legal and illegal states rather than strings. The notion of reversal of languages is used to obtain algorithms for determining the stability and stabilizability of a given system. The notion of stability is then generalized to define the stability of infinite or sequential behavior of a DEDS modeled by a Buechi automaton. The relationship between the stability of finite and stability of infinite behavior is obtained and a test for stability of infinite behavior is obtained in terms of the test for stability of finite behavior. We present an algorithm of linear complexity for computing the regions of attraction, which is used for determining the stability and stabilizability of a given system defined in terms of legal states. This algorithm is then used to obtain efficient tests for checking sufficient conditions for language stability and stabilizability. DTIC Automata Theory; Control Theory; Dynamical Systems; Stability

20060049758 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Quantization and Fusion for Multi-Sensor Discrimination from Dependent Observations Chau, Yawgeng A; Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1991; 67 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1375; NSF-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454862; SRC-TR-91-27; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Schemes for quantization and fusion in multi-sensor systems used for discriminating between two sequences of dependent observations are introduced and analyzed. The observation sequences of each sensor under the two hypotheses are arbitrary stationary dependent sequences that can not be modeled as signal in additive noise; the objective of the fusion center is to discriminate between the two hypotheses. These observation models are well motivated by practical multi-sensor target discrimination problems. Two cases are considered: in the first, the observation sequences of the sensors are individually dependent but jointly mutually independent; in the second case, the observation sequences are dependent across both time and sensors. The dependence in the observations across time and/or sensors is modeled by m-dependent, phi mixing, or rho-mixing processes. The following four quantization/fusion schemes are considered: (a) forming test statistics at the sensors by passing the observations through memoryless non-linearities, summing them up, and fusing these test statistics without previous quantization; (b) quantizing uniformally (with equidistant breakpoints) each sensor observation and then fusing; (c) quantizing optimally each sensor observation and then fusing; and (d) using the sensor test statistic of (a) to make binary decisions and then fusing the binary decisions. To guarantee high-quality performance, a common large sample size is employed by each sensor and an asymptotic analysis is pursued. Design criteria are developed from the Bayesian cost of the fusion center for deriving the optimal memoryless nonlinearities of the sensor test statistics and the sensor quantizer parameters (quantization levels and breakpoints). These design criteria are shown to involve an extension of the generalized signal-to-noise ratio used in single-sensor detection and quantization. DTIC Multisensor Applications; Multisensor Fusion; Target Recognition 383

20060049771 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, CA USA Spiral System Implementation Methodology: Application of the Knowledge Web and Network-Centric Best Practices Waters, Jeff; Stelmach, Michael; Ceruti, Marion; Dec 2005; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454877; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy This paper reports progress and practical experience in security-requirements engineering using the security center Knowledge Web (KWeb) as a case study. It describes the project, architecture, and the approach of the Spiral System Implementation Methodology (SSIM) in all three phases of development. The network-centric best practices, which are some of the principles on which the method is based, are also described. This engineering approach is an example of rapid prototyping in which the requirements of the users in the security center are reviewed periodically and frequently with considerable user input. This method, which captures and implement changes in user requirements, strongly supports the development of a relevant and useful system with up-to-date technology that will be responsive to the users’ rapidly changing needs. DTIC Computer Programming; Computer Techniques; Procedures; Software Engineering; User Requirements

20060049797 Baker (Wilfred) Engineering, Inc., San Antonio, TX USA AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing, Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptivity and Trust Management Balzer, Robert; Shrobe, Howard; Goldman, Neil; Wile, David; Jun 2006; 78 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-04-2-0240; DARPA ORDER-S473; Proj-S473 Report No.(s): AD-A454905; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This document is the final report for AWDRAT, an effort in the DARPA funded Self-Regenerative System (SRS) program conducted by MIT and Teknolwedge. AWDRAT stands for Architectural Differencing, Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptivity, and Trust Management. AWDRAT is a framework that provides survivability services to legacy (or new) applications, It does so by modeling the intended behavior of the application, using wrappers to instrument the application system and using the information derived from the wrappers to detect deviations from the expected behavior. When the application failed to behave as expected, AWDRAT invokes diagnostic services to determine what resources might have been compromised and then updates its trust model to reflect the probabilities of compromised resources. Recovery efforts are guided by the trust model, steering the system away from possibly comprised resources. AWDRAT was shown in both Red-Team and internal experiments to detect and correct failures at a level exceeding the goals of the SRS program. DTIC Adaptation; Decision Support Systems; Diagnosis; Finite Difference Theory

20060049813 Yale Univ., New Haven, CT USA Decentralized Control and Decentralized Adaptive Control Narenda, Kumpati S; Jun 2006; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-04-1-0096; DARPA ORDER-S007 J058; Proj-S007 Report No.(s): AD-A454926; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) As systems become complex with many interconnected subsystems, decentralized control becomes essential. When certain parameters of the system are unknown, and/or when subsystems are not aware of the signals from other subsystems that affect their behavior, we need decentralized adaptive control. The report deals with questions that arise while analyzing the stability and performance of decentralized adaptive control systems. The project produced three specific results: 1. Interconnected dynamical systems can be stable even when there is no communication between subsystems, provided all subsystems have common knowledge of the goals of the other subsystems. 2. Even though stability can be achieved without communication, the latter is necessary to satisfy performance requirements. To keep communication costs to a minimum, partial communication has to be used. This gives rise to stability problems which were resolved. 3. The problem as to when a subsystem in an interconnected-system communicates with another is an important one and needs to be investigated further. Simulation results have clearly shown that significant improvement in the performance of the overall system can be achieved by subsystems communicating only over critical intervals of time. DTIC Adaptive Control; Control Theory; Critical Path Method; Decision Making; Telecommunication 384

20060049814 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages Moore, Andrew; Schneider, Jeff; Kubica, Jeremy; Goldenberg, Anna; Dubrawski, Artur; Ostlund, John; Choi, Patrick; Komarek, Jeanie; Goode, Adam; Sarkar, Purna; Jun 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-01-2-0569; Proj-EELD Report No.(s): AD-A454928; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Link detection and analysis has long been important in the social sciences where a single link can be the key evidence that leads an intelligence analyst to additional clues to a threat event. A significant effort is focused on the structural and functional analysis of ‘known’ networks. Similarly, the detection of individual links is important but is usually done with techniques that result in ‘known’ links. More recently, the internet and other sources have led to a flood of circumstantial data that provide probabilistic evidence of links. Co-occurrence in news articles and simultaneous travels to the same location are two examples. We propose a probabilistic model of link generation based on membership in groups. The model considers both observed link evidence and demographic information about the entities. The parameters of the model are learned via a maximum likelihood search. In this paper, we describe the model and then show several heuristics that make the search tractable. We test our model and optimization methods on synthetic data sets with a known ground truth and a database of news articles. DTIC Algorithms; Group Dynamics; Linkages; Mathematical Models; Networks; Optimization 20060049826 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Evaluating Product Machinability for Concurrent Engineering Nau, Dana S; Zhang, Guangming; Gupta, Satyandra K; Karinthi, Raghu R; Jan 1992; 21 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-88-C-0017; CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454945; SRC-TR-92-29; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Decisions made during the design of a machined part can significantly affect the product’s cost, quality, and lead time. Thus, in order to address the goals of concurrent engineering, it is important to evaluate the machinability of the proposed design, so that the designer can change the design to improve its machinability. To determine the machinability of the part, all of the possible alternative ways to machine the part should be generated, and their machinability evaluated. This chapter describes the techniques we have developed to do this automatically. The information provided by these techniques will prove useful in two ways: (1) to provide information to the manufacturing engineer about alternative ways in which the part might be machined, and (2) to provide feedback to the designer identifying problems that may arise with the machining. DTIC Concurrent Engineering; Experiment Design 20060049836 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Bifurcation Control of Chaotic Dynamical Systems Wang, Hua O; Abed, Eyad H; Jun 6, 1992; 34 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454958; SRC-TR-92-67; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A nonlinear system which exhibits bifurcations, transient chaos, and fully developed chaos is considered, with the goal of illustrating the role of two ideas in the control of chaotic dynamical systems. The first of these ideas is the need for robust control, in the sense that, even with an uncertain dynamic model of the system, the design ensures stabilization without at the same time changing the underlying equilibrium structure of the system. Secondly, the paper shows how focusing on the control of primary bifurcations in the model can result in the taming of chaos. The latter is an example of the ′bifurcation control’ approach. When employed along with a dynamic feedback approach to the equilibrium structure preservation issue noted above, this results in a family of robust feedback controllers by which one can achieve various types of ′stability’ for the system. DTIC Control Theory; Dynamical Systems 20060050009 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Wave Climate and Wave Response, Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii Thompson, Edward F; Demirbilek, Zeki; Briggs, Michael J; Aug 2006; 107 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454655; ERDC/CHL-TR-06-6; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy 385

Present and projected commercial activities in Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of Hawaii, HI, indicate that a deeper basin and entrance channel and better protected berthing areas will be needed. The U.S. Army Engineer District, Honolulu, in coordination with the Harbors Division, Department of Transportation, State of Hawaii, requested numerical (computer) model studies in support of harbor planning. Wave climate incident to Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor was developed from National Data Buoy Center directional buoy data. Numerical model STWAVE was used to modify the buoy data to account for significant differences in exposure between Kawaihae and the buoy locations. Numerical model CGWAVE, validated with field measurements for short waves (wind waves and swell), was used to: 1) evaluate the impact of deepening the existing harbor, which was found to be minimal; 2) determine optimum length for a proposed stub extending seaward parallel to the existing entrance channel from the tip of the existing breakwater; and 3) evaluate the technical feasibility of six alternative modifications to the harbor. Model results were compared to experience in the existing harbor and to general criteria for operational acceptability. DTIC Climate; Harbors; Water Waves

20060050011 National Defense Univ., Washington, DC USA A New Conceptual Framework for Net-Centric, Enterprise-Wide, System-of-Systems Engineering Kaplan, Jeremy M; Jun 2006; 67 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453974; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453974; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy In large endeavors in business and war, competitive advantage often requires capabilities that result from the interoperability of many systems and the integration of many processes. To succeed in these endeavors, enterprises seek to create and maintain their best capabilities (considering performance, cost, risk, and agility) under rapidly evolving circumstances. While achieving the best capabilities within budget and schedule constraints may be straightforward for individual systems with documented performance requirements, it is more difficult to achieve for functions that are enabled by multiple systems (i.e., systems-of-systems) and even more difficult to achieve across large, multi-functional enterprises. DOD is faced by these challenges at multiple scales within and across many interacting functional areas and across its enterprise. To facilitate progress, it effectively (and sometimes explicitly) designates specific SOSs and associated controlling authorities at the OSD, military service, and functional levels. It also introduces integrating concepts (such as architectures), processes (such as functional capability boards), and SOS-related concepts (such as portfolio management). This paper presents a theoretical framework for thinking about SOSs on a large scale, a net-centric approach to SOS engineering, and a way ahead for DOD. DTIC Communication Networks; Computer Networks; Interoperability; Systems Engineering

20060050015 Iowa Univ., Iowa City, IA USA Numerical Simulations of the Fish Passage Facilities at Lower Granite Dam Blank, Jeffery C; Weber, Larry J; Nov 2000; 85 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454156; IIHR-TR-412; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454156; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The purpose of these numerical simulations is to investigate possible modifications to the fish diversion facilities currently installed at Lower Granite Dam. These modifications are intended to refine the flow field just upstream of the powerhouse thereby improving the juvenile salmonid attraction potential. A pressure-based finite volume, computational fluid dynamics code was utilized to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The computational grids, comprising between 350,000 and 1,000,000 nodes, simulated a region encompassing the entire dam geometry as well as 5000 feet upstream. This report describes the numerical model, model boundary conditions, numerical grid and general flow field dynamics obtained from the study as well as providing recommendations for future work pertaining to numerical studies of surface collection facilities. DTIC Computational Fluid Dynamics; Dams; Fishes; Granite; Mathematical Models 386

20060050016 NATO Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic Tracking Capability Gerard, Odile; Coraluppi, Stefano; Carthel,, Craig; Grimmett, Doug; Aug 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454740; NURC-PR-2006-009; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Acoustics; Multisensor Fusion; Tracking (Position) 20060050020 NATO Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy Geo-Spatial Tactical Decision Aid Systems: Fuzzy Logic for Supporting Decision Making Grasso, Raffaele; Giannecchini, Simone; Aug 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454748; NURC-PR-2006-004; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Decision Making; Decision Support Systems; Fuzzy Systems 20060050024 NATO Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement Technique and First Results Hollett, R D; Kessel, R T; Pinto, M; Aug 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454750; NURC-PR-2006-02; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Diving (Underwater); Sound Detecting and Ranging; Targets 20060050111 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis Chytka, T. M.; Brown, R. W.; Shih, A. T.; Reeves, J. D.; Dempsey, J. A.; [2006]; 15 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 256-03-10-03 Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2006-7027; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050111; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is the evaluation of the impacts that design decisions have on a system and provides a framework for identifying and evaluating design benefits and burdens associated with the life cycles of space transportation systems from a ‘cradle-to-grave’ approach. Sometimes called life cycle assessment, life cycle approach, or ‘cradle to grave analysis’, it represents a rapidly emerging family of tools and techniques designed to be a decision support methodology and aid in the development of sustainable systems. The implementation of a Life Cycle Analysis can vary and may take many forms; from global system-level uncertainty-centered analysis to the assessment of individualized discriminatory metrics. This paper will focus on a proven LCA methodology developed by the Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate (SACD) at NASA Langley Research Center to quantify and assess key LCA discriminatory metrics, in particular affordability, reliability, maintainability, and operability. This paper will address issues inherent in Life Cycle Analysis including direct impacts, such as system development cost and crew safety, as well as indirect impacts, which often take the form of coupled metrics (i.e., the cost of system unreliability). Since LCA deals with the analysis of space vehicle system conceptual designs, it is imperative to stress that the goal of LCA is not to arrive at the answer but, rather, to provide important inputs to a broader strategic planning process, allowing the managers to make risk-informed decisions, and increase the likelihood of meeting mission success criteria. Author Life (Durability); Systems Integration; Space Transportation System; Systems Engineering; Decision Support Systems 20060050149 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA Decision Support Methods and Tools Green, Lawrence L.; Alexandrov, Natalia M.; Brown, Sherilyn A.; Cerro, Jeffrey A.; Gumbert, Clyde r.; Sorokach, Michael R.; Burg, Cecile M.; [2006]; 38 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 746-01-02-04 Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2006-7028; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 387

This paper is one of a set of papers, developed simultaneously and presented within a single conference session, that are intended to highlight systems analysis and design capabilities within the Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate (SACD) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center (LaRC). This paper focuses on the specific capabilities of uncertainty/risk analysis, quantification, propagation, decomposition, and management, robust/ reliability design methods, and extensions of these capabilities into decision analysis methods within SACD. These disciplines are discussed together herein under the name of Decision Support Methods and Tools. Several examples are discussed which highlight the application of these methods within current or recent aerospace research at the NASA LaRC. Where applicable, commercially available, or government developed software tools are also discussed Author Decision Theory; Systems Analysis; NASA Programs; Reliability; Decomposition 20060050207 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Generalized Physical Networks for Automated Model Building Easley, Matthew; Bradley, Elizabeth; Jan 1999; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-96-1-0720; CCR-9357740 Report No.(s): AD-A454690; CU-CS-878-99; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We present a new knowledge representation and reasoning framework for modeling nonlinear dynamical systems. The goals of this framework are to smoothly incorporate varying levels of domain knowledge and to tailor the reasoning methods and hence the search space accordingly. Our solution exploits generalized physical networks (GPN), a meta-level representation of idealized two-terminal elements, together with a hierardiy of qualitative and quantitative analysis tools, to produce a dynamic modeling domain whose complexity naturally adapts to the amount of available information about the target system. DTIC Mathematical Models; Automatic Control 67 THEORETICAL MATHEMATICS Includes algebra, functional analysis, geometry, topology, set theory, group theory and number theory.

20060048614 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA A Convergence Theory for a Class of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization Fontecilla, Rodrigo; Steihaug, Trond; Tapia, Richard A; Feb 1986; 28 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): ASO5-82-ER13016; DAAG29-83-K-0035 Report No.(s): AD-A453208; TR-83-15; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453208; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper we develop a general convergence theory for a class of quasi-Newton methods for equality constrained optimization. The theory is set in the framework of the diagonalized multiplier method defined by Tapia and is an extension of the theory developed by Glad. We believe that this framework is flexible and amenable to convergence analysis and generalizations. A key ingredient of a method in this class is a multiplier update. Our theory is tested by showing that a straightforward application gives the best known convergence results for several known multiplier updates. Also a characterization of q.superlinear convergence is presented. It is shown that in the special case when the diagonalized multiplier method is equivalent to the successive quadratic programming approach, our general characterization result gives the Boggs, Tolle and Wang characterization. DTIC Convergence; Newton Methods 20060048642 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA A Hybrid Control Strategy for Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance With Non-Holonomic Robots Manikonda, Vikram; Jan 1994; 85 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0105; NSFD-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A453249; IRS-MS-94-8; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453249; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy The primary focus is on providing a formal basis for behavior-based robotics using techniques that have been successful 388

in control-based approaches for steering and stabilizing robots that are subject to nonholonomic constraints. In particular, behaviors for robots are formalized in terms of kinetic state machines, a motion description language and the interaction of the kinetic state machine with information coming in from (limited range) sensors. This allows us to create a mathematical basis for discussing these systems, including techniques for integrating sets of behaviors. In addition we suggest optimality criteria for comparing both atomic and compound behaviors in various environments. A hybrid architecture for the implementation of path planners that use the motion description language is presented. The design and implementation of a planner for path planning and examples of obstacle avoidance with nonholonomic robots are discussed. DTIC Control; Obstacle Avoidance; Robots; Trajectory Planning 20060048648 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Second Order Behavior of Pattern Search Abramson, Mark A; Jan 2004; 17 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453255; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453255; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Abstract. Previous analyses of pattern search algorithms for unconstrained and linearly constrained minimization have focused on proving convergence of a subsequence of iterates to a limit point satisfying either directional or first-order necessary conditions for optimality, depending on the smoothness of the objective function in a neighborhood of the limit point. Even though pattern search methods require no derivative information, we are able to prove some limited directional second-order results. Although not as strong as classical second-order necessary conditions, these results are stronger than the first order conditions that many gradient-based methods satisfy. Under fairly mild conditions, we can eliminate from consideration all strict local maximizers and an entire class of saddle points. DTIC Algorithms; Theorems 20060048652 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Gradient Flow Based Matrix Joint Diagonalization for Independent Component Analysis Afsari, Bijan; Jan 2004; 117 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-01-1-0465 Report No.(s): AD-A453259; ISR-MS-2004-4; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453259; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) In this thesis, employing the theory of matrix Lie groups, we develop gradient based flows for the problem of Simultaneous or Joint Diagonalization (JD) of a set of symmetric matrices. This problem has applications in many fields especially in the field of Independent Component Analysis (ICA). We consider both orthogonal and non-orthogonal JD. We view the JD problem as minimization of a common quadric cost function on a matrix group. We derive gradient based flows together with suitable discretizations for minimization of this cost function on the Riemannian manifolds of O(n) and GL(n). We use the developed JD methods to introduce a new class of ICA algorithms that sphere the data, however do not restrict the subsequent search for the un-mixing matrix to orthogonal matrices. These methods provide robust ICA algorithms in Gaussian noise by making effective use of both second and higher order statistics. DTIC Algorithms; Gradients 20060048765 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA An Inverse Eigenvalue Problem With Rotational Symmetry Seidman, Thomas I; Dec 1986; 42 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-82-0271; CDR-85-00108 Report No.(s): AD-A453554; SRC-TR-87-131; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453554; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We consider convergence of an approximation method for the recovery of a rotationally symmetric potential psi from the sequence of eigenvalues. In order to permit the consideration of ′rough’ potentials psi (having essentially H (-1) (0,1) regularity). we first indicate the appropriate interpretation of -A+psi (with boundary conditions) as a self-adjoint densely defined operator on Hamiltonian : = L (2) and then show a suitable continuous dependence on psi for the relevant eigenvalues. The approach to the inverse problem is by the method of ′generalized interpolation and, assuming uniqueness, it is shown that 389

one has convergence to the correct potential psi (strongly. for an appropriate norm) for a sequence of computationally implementable approximations DTIC Eigenvalues; Inversions; Symmetry 20060048773 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Robust Point Matching for Non-Rigid Shapes: A Relaxation Labeling Based Approach Zheng, Yefeng; Doermann, David; Dec 2004; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA904-02-C-0406 Report No.(s): AD-A453579; UMIACS-TR-2004-75; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453579; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Shape matching, or image registration, which is often formulated as a point matching problem, is frequently encountered in image analysis, computer vision, and pattern recognition. Although the problem of registering rigid shapes was widely studied, non-rigid shape matching has recently received more and more attention. For non-rigid shapes, most neighboring points cannot move independently under deformation due to physical constraints. Therefore, though the absolute distance between two points may change significantly, the neighborhood of a point is well preserved in general. Based on this observation, we formulate point matching as a graph matching problem. Each point is a node in the graph, and two nodes are connected by an edge if their Euclidean distance is less than a threshold. The optimal match between two graphs is the one that maximizes the number of matched edges. The shape context distance is used to initialize the graph matching, and relaxation labeling (after enforcing one-to-one matching) is used to refine the matching results. Non-rigid deformation is overcome by bringing one shape closer to the other in each iteration using deformation parameters estimated from the current point correspondence. Experiments on real and synthesized data demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach: it outperforms shape context and TPS-RPM algorithms under non-rigid deformation and noise on a public data set. DTIC Image Processing; Pattern Registration; Shapes 20060048778 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Development and Validation of Reentry Simulation Using MATLAB Jameson, Jr, Robert E; Mar 2006; 146 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453604; AFIT/GSS/ENY/06-M08; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453604; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This research effort develops a program using MATLAB to solve the equations of motion for atmospheric reentry and analyzes the validity of the program for use as a tool to expeditiously predict reentry profiles. The reentry vehicle is modeled as a point mass with constant aerodynamic properties as defined by the user. The equations of motion for reentry are based on the two-body problem. The atmosphere is modeled as a single layer exponentially decreasing in density. The MATLAB program has the ability to derive the initial trajectory conditions from the position and velocity relative to the rotating surface of the Earth, the Earth-centered inertial position and velocity, or the classic orbital elements. The program is compared to previously established programs in order to validate its accuracy and numerical stability when predicting various reentry profiles to include sub-orbital, super-circular and hyperbolic trajectories as well as wide ranges of aerodynamic properties. DTIC Equations of Motion; Reentry Vehicles; Simulation; Trajectories 20060048939 Air Force Research Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA USA Probe-Corrected Near-Field Measurements on a Truncated Cylinder Hansen, Thorkild B; Feb 2006; 13 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2304 Report No.(s): AD-A453720; AFRL-SN-HS-JA-2004-1195; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A probe-corrected theory is presented for computing the acoustic far fields of transducers and scatterers from measurements of near fields on a cylindrical surface. The near-field data is truncated at the top, bottom, and angular edges of the scan cylinder. These truncation edges can cause inaccuracies in the computer far fields. Correction techniques are developed for the top and bottom truncation edges. The cylindrical wave expansions automatically apply an angular taper to the near-field data that reduces the effect of the angular truncation edges. The taper function depends on the probe and the 390

angular sample spacing. The theory is validated through numerical example involving a point source and a baffled piston transducer probe. DTIC Acoustics; Cylindrical Bodies; Measurement; Near Fields 20060049406 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Including Nearshore Processes in Phase-Averaged Hydrodynamics Models Johnson, Bradley D; Aug 2006; 47 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454396; ERDC/CHL-TR-06-12; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454396; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The large spatial and time scales of the numerical modeling projects of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) requires the use of computationally efficient phase-averaged hydrodynamic models derived by averaging the equations of motion over a representative short wave period. Guidance in modeling nearshore regions with phase-averaged hydrodynamic models is provided herein. Physical processes unique to the surf zone are described along with methods of incorporating these effects to improve hydrodynamic predictions. Comparisons to detailed measurements from a laboratory basin experiment are used to demonstrate the significance of including processes unique to nearshore regions. To provide guidance that is applicable to varied phase-averaged models, details of the implementation are not provided herein, and the focus is on conceptual models DTIC Beaches; Hydrodynamics; Shear Stress 20060049418 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlinear Parabolic PDE Witelski, Thomas P; Schaeffer, David G; Shearer, Michael; Feb 23, 2001; 41 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-98-1-0128; NSF-DMS98-03305 Report No.(s): AD-A454438; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454438; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We study a finite-difference discretization of an ill posed nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation. The PDE is the one dimensional version of a simplified two dimensional model for the formation of shear bands via anti-plane shear of a granular medium. For the discretized initial value problem, we derive analytically, and observed numerically, a two-stage evolution leading to a steady-state: (i) an initial growth of grid-scale instabilities, and (ii) coarsening dynamics. Elaborating the second phase, at any fixed time the solution has a piecewise linear profile with a finite number of shear bands. In this coarsening phase, one shear band after another collapses until a steady state with just one jump discontinuity is achieved. The amplitude of this steady state shear band is derived analytically, but due to the ill posedness of the underlying problem, its position exhibits sensitive dependence. Analyzing data from the simulations, we observe that the number of shear bands at time t decays like 1/t-cubed. From this scaling law we show that the time-scale of the coarsening phase in the evolution of this media critically depends on the discreteness of the model. Our analysis also has implications to related ill posed nonlinear PDEs for the one- dimensional Perona-Malik equation in image processing and to models for clustering instabilities in granular materials. DTIC Mathematical Models; Nonlinearity; Partial Differential Equations 20060049645 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Representations of Quasi-Newton Matrices and Their Use in Limited Memory Methods Byrd, Richard H; Nocedal, Jorge; Schnabel, Robert B; Oct 6, 1992; 34 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL03-91-G-0151; AFOSR-90-0109 Report No.(s): AD-A454688; CU-CS-612-92; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We derive compact representations of BFGS and symmetric rank-one matrices for optimization. These representations allow us to efficiently implement limited memory methods for large constrained optimization problems. In particular, we discuss how to compute projections of limited memory matrices onto subspaces. We also present a compact representation of the matrices generated by Broyden’s update for solving systems of nonlinear equations. DTIC Algebra; Nonlinear Equations 391

20060049665 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Guardian Maps and the Generalized Stability of Parametrized Families of Matrices and Polynomials Saydy, Lahcen; Tits, Andre; Abed, Eyad H; Mar 1989; 40 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSF-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454727; SRC-TR-88-69-R1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The generalized stability of families of real matrices and polynomials is considered. (Generalized stability is meant in the usual sense of confinement of matrix eigenvalues or polynomial zeros to a prespecified domain in the complex plane, and includes Hurwitz and Schur stability as special cases.) ‘Guardian maps’ and ‘semiguardian maps’ are introduced as a unifying tool for the study of this problem. Basically these are scalar maps which vanish when their matrix or polynomial argument loses stability. Such maps are exhibited for a wide variety of cases of interest corresponding to generalized stability with respect to domains of the complex plane. In the case of one- and two-parameter families of matrices or polynomials, concise necessary and sufficient conditions for generalized stability are derived. For the general multiparameter case, the problem is transformed into one of checking that a given map is nonzero for the allowed parameter values. DTIC Matrix Theory; Polynomials; Stability

20060049666 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA On Stabilization with a Prescribed Region of Asymptotic Stability Saydy, Lahcen; Abed, Eyad H; Tits, Andre L; Jan 1988; 10 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSF-ECS86-57561 Report No.(s): AD-A454728; SRC-TR-88-71-R1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy An important unsolved problem in nonlinear control is that of stabilization with a prescribed region of stability. In this paper, sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of a linear feedback stabilizing an equilibrium point of a given nonlinear system with the resulting region of asymptotic stability (RAS) containing a ball of given radius. Conditions for global stabilization are also given. Feedback stabilization is achieved while satisfying a certain robustness property. The technique is applied to planar systems, resulting in a complete design methodology for this case. Examples and simulations illustrating the method are presented. DTIC Asymptotic Methods; Asymptotic Properties; Control Theory; Normality

20060049670 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA On the Dynamics of Floating Four-Bar Linkages Yang, Rui; Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1989; 25 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSFD-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454732; SRC-TR-89-102; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The hamiltonian structure of floating, planar four-bar linkages is discussed. The geometry of configuration space is related to the classical theory of mechanisms due to Grashof. For generic value of kinematic parameters, the techniques of symplectic (and Poisson) reduction apply. DTIC Floating; Hamiltonian Functions; Linkages

20060049712 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Application of Center Manifold Reduction to System Stabilization Liaw, Der-Cherng; Abed, Eyad H; Feb 1991; 21 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0015; NSF-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454808; SRC-TR-91-33; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Center Manifold Theorem is applied to the local feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems in critical cases. The paper addresses two particular critical cases for which the system linearization at the equilibrium point of interest is assumed to possess either a simple zero eigenvalue or a complex conjugate pair of simple, pure imaginary eigenvalues. In either case, the noncritical eigenvalues are taken to be stable. The results on stabilizability and stabilization are given explicitly in terms of the nonlinear model of interest in its original form (i.e., before reduction to the center manifold). Moreover, the formulation 392

given in this paper uncovers connections between results obtained using the center manifold reduction and those of an alternative approach. DTIC Control; Eigenvalues; Feedback; Nonlinear Systems 20060049727 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA USA Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction, and Estimation Gneiting, Tilmann; Raftery, Adrian E; Nov 2005; 39 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-10745 Report No.(s): AD-A454828; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Scoring rules assess the quality of probabilistic forecasts, by assigning a numerical score based on the forecast and on the event or value that materializes. This paper reviews and develops the theory of proper scoring rules on general probability spaces, and proposes and discusses examples thereof. Proper scoring rules derive from convex functions and relate to information measures, entropy functions and Bregman divergences. In the case of categorical variables, we prove a rigorous version of the Savage representation. The continuous ranked probability score applies to probabilistic forecasts that take the form of predictive cumulative distribution functions. It generalizes the absolute error and forms a special case of a new and very general type of score, the energy score. The energy score admits a representation in terms of negative definite functions, with links to inequalities of Hoe ding type, in both univariate and multivariate settings. Proper scoring rules for quantile and interval forecasts are also discussed. We relate proper scoring rules to Bayes factors and to cross-validation, and propose a novel form of cross-validation, random-fold cross-validated likelihood. DTIC Prediction Analysis Techniques; Scoring 20060049740 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Well-Posedness and Convergence of Some Regularization Methods for Nonlinear Ill-Posed Problems Seidman, Thomas I; Vogel, Curtis R; Jan 1987; 16 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-82-0271; NSF-CDR-85-00108 Report No.(s): AD-A454842; SRC-TR-87-96; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper analyzes two regularization methods for nonlinear ill-posed problems. The first is a penalty method called Tikhonov regularization, in which one solves an unconstrained optimization problem while the second is based on a constrained optimization problem. For each method we examine the well-posedness of the respective optimization problem. We then show strong convergence of the regularized ′solutions’ to the true solution. (Note that this is well known for the application of these methods to linear problems.) This analysis considers such factors as the convergence of perturbed data to the true data, inexact solution of the respective optimization problems, and the choice of the regularization parameters. DTIC Convergence; Nonlinearity 20060049743 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Range of the k-Dimensional Radon Transform in Real Hyperbolic Spaces Berenstein, Carlos A; Tarabusi, Enrico C; Jan 1991; 20 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0105; NSFD-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454845; SRC-TR-91-101; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Characterizations of the range of the totally geodesic k-dimensional Radon transform on the n-dimensional hyperbolic space are given both in terms of moment conditions and as the kernel of a differential operator. DTIC Geodesic Lines; Integral Transformations; Radon 20060049772 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Linear Feedback Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems with an Uncontrollable Critical Mode Fu, Jyun-Horng; Abed, Eyad H; Nov 17, 1992; 22 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0015; NSF-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454878; SRC-TR-91-46R2; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Linear feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems is studied for systems whose linearization at an equilibrium point 393

possesses a simple critical mode that is uncontrollable. The results complement previous work on the synthesis of nonlinear stabilizing control laws. The present work addresses continuous-time systems for which the linearization has either a simple zero eigenvalue or a pair of simple pure imaginary eigenvalues. Both the stability analysis and stabilizing control design employ results on stability of bifurcations of parametrized systems. DTIC Control; Eigenvalues; Feedback; Nonlinear Systems 20060049778 Connecticut Univ., Storrs, CT USA Computational Modeling of Multicomponent Diffusion Using Fortran Pasquariello, Mi hael V; Jul 2006; 58 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAA17-03-C-0016 Report No.(s): AD-A454884; ARL-CR-575; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The objective of this thesis was to develop a Fortran software package, using three modules, in order to extract diffusion data from concentration profiles and to predict future concentration profiles. The first module will be a finite difference code that uses the multicomponent form of Fick’s First Law, and the time evolution of concentration will be calculated using the implicit Crank-Nicholson method. The second module will take into account movements of boundaries between regions in the interdiffusion zone, via equations that assume local equilibrium, and take into account that mass must be conserved. The first and second module will be used to predict how measured concentration profiles will change with time. The purpose of the third module will be to extract diffusivity data from measured concentration profiles. This module will use a matrix inversion method to calculate the diffusivities. In conclusion, the original objective of this project was not met to its full completion. Several factors contributed to this shortcoming, but the primary obstacle was the correlation between the software and the input data. While the software ran successfully with many different known solutions, it did not perform well using actual concentration profile data from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. Most likely, this is due to the limited amount of species data, the accuracy of the data itself, and the spacing between each data point. All efforts should be taken to obtain more accurate, smoother input data which will allow the software to run with fewer obstacles and, in turn, produce cleaner output data. Once the input data is appropriate, the programmer should return to fine tune the individual software programs to allow them to work with the new data. This may require using a filtering subroutine in order to accept only worthy data from the input stream. DTIC Computer Programs; Diffusion; Finite Difference Theory; FORTRAN 20060049788 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases Fu, Jyun-Horng; Abed, Eyad H; Oct 1991; 36 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0015; NSF-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454895; SRC-TR-91-95; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Liapunov functions are constructed for nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations whose linearized system at an equilibrium point possesses either a simple zero eigenvalue or a complex conjugate pair of simple, pure imaginary eigenvalues. The construction is explicit, and yields parametrized families of Liapunov functions for such systems. In the case of a zero eigenvalue, the Liapunov functions contain quadratic and cubic terms in the state. Quartic terms appear as well for the case of a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues. Predictions of local asymptotic stability using these Liapunov functions are shown to coincide with those of pertinent bifurcation-theoretic calculations. The development of the paper is carried out using elementary properties of multilinear functions. The Liapunov function families thus obtained are amenable to symbolic computer coding. DTIC Asymptotic Properties; Control; Eigenvalues; Feedback; Liapunov Functions; Nonlinear Systems 20060049805 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Leonard, Naomi E; Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1993; 30 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0105; DAAL03-92-G-0121 Report No.(s): AD-A454917; ISR-TR-93-70; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper, the authors extend their earlier results on the use of periodic forcing and averaging to solve the constructive 394

controllability problem for drift-free left-invariant systems on Lie groups with fewer controls than state variables. In particular, they prove a third-order averaging theorem applicable to systems evolving on general matrix Lie groups and show how to use the resulting approximations to construct open-loop controls for complete controllability of systems that require up to depth-two Lie brackets to satisfy the Lie algebra controllability rank condition. The motion control problem for an autonomous underwater vehicle is modelled as a drift-free, left-invariant system on the matrix Lie group SE(3). In the general case, when only one translational and two angular control inputs are available, this system satisfies the controllability rank condition using depth-two Lie brackets. They use the third-order averaging result and its geometric interpretation to construct open loop controls to arbitrarily translate and orient an autonomous underwater vehicle. DTIC Autonomy; Control; Controllability; Lie Groups; Motion; Nonlinear Systems; Robotics; Underwater Vehicles

20060049807 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Stability Results in Learning Theory Rakhlin, Alexander; Mukherjee, Sayan; Poggio, Tomaso; Aug 22, 2005; 22 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454919; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The problem of proving generalization bounds for the performance of learning algorithms can be formulated as a problem of bounding the bias and variance of estimators of the expected error. We show how various stability assumptions can be employed for this purpose. We provide a necessary and sufficient stability condition for bounding the bias and variance for the Empirical Risk Minimization algorithm, and various sufficient conditions for bounding bias and variance of estimators for general algorithms. We discuss settings in which it is possible to obtain exponential bounds, and we prove an extension of the bounded-difference inequality for ‘almost always’ stable algorithms. DTIC Algorithms; Learning; Learning Theory; Stability; Statistical Analysis

20060049842 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA USA Model Averaging and Dimension Selection for the Singular Value Decomposition Hoff, Peter D; Jan 10, 2006; 25 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-02-1-1011; NSF-SES-0417559 Report No.(s): AD-A454966; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Many multivariate data analysis techniques for an m x n matrix Y are related to the model Y = M+E, where Y is an m x n matrix of full rank and M is an unobserved mean matrix of rank K \h (m^n). Typically the rank of M is estimated in a heuristic way and then the least-squares estimate of M is obtained via the singular value decomposition of Y, yielding an estimate that can have a very high variance. In this paper we suggest a model-based alternative to the above approach by providing prior distributions and posterior estimation for the rank of M and the components of its singular value decomposition. DTIC Decomposition; Mathematical Models; Multivariate Statistical Analysis

20060049853 Baker (Wilfred) Engineering, Inc., San Antonio, TX USA Asymptotics of Gaussian Regularized Least-Squares Lippert, Ross; Rifkin, Ryan; Oct 2005; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-MDA972-04-1-0037; Proj-00014-02-1-0915 Report No.(s): AD-A454981; AI-MEMO-2005-030; CBCL-MEMO-257; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We consider regularized least-squares (RLS) with a Gaussian kernel. We prove that if we let the Gaussian bandwidth sigma -\ginfinity while letting the regularization parameter lambda -\g0, the RLS solution tends to a polynomial whose order is controlled by the relative rates of decay of 1/sigma(exp2) and lambda : if lambda = sigma (exp- (2k+1)), then, as sigma -\ginfinity the RLS solution tends to the kth order polynomial with minimal empirical error. We illustrate the result with an example. DTIC Least Squares Method; Numerical Analysis; Quadratures 395

20060050221 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Affine Frames of rational Wavelets in H2(II+) Pati, Y C; Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1992; 29 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-88-0204; AFOSR-90-0105 Report No.(s): AD-A454952; SRC-TR-92-44; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper investigates fram decompositions of H2 (Pi+) as a method of constructing rational approximations to nonrational transfer functions in Li2 (Pi+). The frames of interest are generated from a single analyzing wavelet. We consider the case in which the analyzing waveiet is rational and show that by appropriate grouping of terms in a wavelet expansion, H2 (Pi+) can be decomposed as an infinite sum of rational transfer functions which are related to one another by dilation and translation. Criteria for selecting a finite number of terms from such an infinite expansion are developed using time frequency localization properties of wavelets. DTIC Wavelet Analysis; Approximation; Decomposition 70 PHYSICS (GENERAL) Includes general research topics related to mechanics, kinetics, magnetism, and electrodynamics. For specific areas of physics see categories 71 through 77. For related instrumentation see 35 Instrumentation and Photography; for geophysics, astrophysics, or solar physics see 46 Geophysics, 90 Astrophysics, or 92 Solar Physics.

20060048160 Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY USA, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany, Soltan Inst. for Nuclear Studies, Swierk, Poland, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA Superconducting Photocathodes Smedley, J.; Rao, T.; Warren, J.; Sekutowicz, J.; Langner, J.; Apr. 2006; 18 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881993; BNL-75737; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge We present the results of our investigation of lead and niobium as suitable photocathode materials for superconducting RF injectors. Quantum efficiencies (QE) have been measured for a range of incident photon energies and a variety of cathode preparation methods, including various lead plating techniques on a niobium substrate. The effects of operating at ambient and cryogenic temperatures and different vacuum levels on the cathode QE have also been studied. NTIS Electron Beams; Niobium; Photocathodes; Superconductivity 20060048161 Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY USA Diamond Secondary Emitter Ben-Zvi, I.; Rao, T.; Burrill, A.; Chang, X.; Grimes, J.; Apr. 2006; 24 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881992; BNL-75734; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge We present the design and experimental progress on the diamond secondary emitter as an electron source for high average power injectors. The design criteria for average currents up to 1 A and charge up to 20 nC are established. Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) exceeding 200 in transmission mode and 50 in emission mode have been measured. Preliminary results on the design and fabrication of the self contained capsule with primary electron source and secondary electron emitter will also be presented. NTIS Brightness; Diamonds; Electron Sources; Emitters 20060048163 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Stanford Univ., CA, USA HOM Effects in Vacuum System with Short Bunches Novokhatski, A.; May 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881964; SLAC-PUB-11199; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) High luminosity in electron-positron factories requires high currents of very short bunches. SLAC PEP-II and KEKB B-factories are progressively increasing currents gaining more and more luminosity. Simultaneously the interaction of high currents and vacuum chamber elements becomes more important for operation of the rings. High Order Modes excited by short intense bunches are propagating along the vacuum chamber, penetrating and dissipating inside vital vacuum elements, like shielded bellows, vacuum valves and vacuum pump. As a result, these elements get large temperature rise or temperature 396

oscillations. Often HOM heating has a resonance character. HOM heating of vacuum pumps leads to increasing of the vacuum pressure. High frequency modes check the quality of vacuum chamber: they detect small gaps, weak RF screens or feed-through. Smooth tapers and collimators become the source of HOM production. We will discuss the physical nature of these exciting HOM effects. NTIS Heating; High Current; Industrial Plants; Particle Accelerators; Vacuum Systems 20060048170 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Stanford Univ., CA, USA Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Vauum Decay Green, D.; Silverstein, E.; Starr, D.; May 2006; 30 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881957; SLAC-PUB-11846; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge We present a mechanism for catalyzed vacuum bubble production obtained by combining moduli stabilization with a generalized attractor phenomenon in which moduli are sourced by compact objects. This leads straightforwardly to a class of examples in which the Hawking decay process for black holes unveils a bubble of a different vacuum from the ambient one, generalizing the new endpoint for Hawking evaporation discovered recently by Horowitz. Catalyzed vacuum bubble production can occur for both charged and uncharged bodies, including Schwarzschild black holes for which massive particles produced in the Hawking process can trigger vacuum decay. We briefly discuss applications of this process to the population and stability of metastable vacua. NTIS Black Holes (Astronomy); Bubbles; Catalysis; Explosions; Vacuum 20060048171 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Stanford Univ., CA, USA, Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL, USA, Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA Observational Signatures and Non-Gaussianities of General Single Field Inflation Chen, X.; Huang, M. X.; Kachru, S.; Shiu, G.; January 2005; 54 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881956; SLAC-PUB-11840; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge We perform a general study of primordial scalar non-Gaussianities in single field inflationary models. We consider models where the inflation Lagrangian is an arbitrary function of the scalar field and its first derivative, and the sound speed is arbitrary. We find that under reasonable assumptions, the non-Gaussianity is completely determined by 5 parameters. In special limits of the parameter space, one finds distinctive shapes of the non-Gaussianity. In models with a small sound speed, several of these shapes would become potentially observable in the near future. Different limits of our formulae recover various previously known results. NTIS Scalars; Signatures 20060048172 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, USA Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime to eta prime K* Abuert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Couderc, F.; Apr. 2006; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881955; SLAC-PUB-11834; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The authors describe searches for decays of B mesons to the charmless final states (eta)’(eta)’K. The data consist of 228 million B(bar B) pairs produced in e(sup +)e(sup -) annihilation, collected with the BABAR detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The 90% confidence level upper limits for the branching fractions are (Beta)(B(sup 0) (yields) (eta)’(eta)’K(sup 0)) \h 31 x 10(sup -6) and (Beta)(B(sup +) (yields) (eta)’(eta)’K(sup +)) \h 25 x 10(sup -6). NTIS Mesons; Particle Decay 20060048175 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+yields K+K+KDvoretskii, A.; January 2005; 130 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881954; SLAC-R-822; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The authors perform an analysis of the three-body charmless decay B(sup (+-)) (yields) K(sup (+-))K(sup (+-))K(sup (-+)) using a sample of 226.0 (+-) 2.5 million B(bar B) pairs collected by the BABAR detector and measure the total branching 397

fraction and Cp asymmetry to be (beta) = (35.2 (+-) 0.9 (+-) 1.6) x 10(sup -6) and A(sub CP) = (-1.7 (+-) 2.6 (+-) 1.5)%. They fit the Dalitz plot distribution using an isobar model and report the measured values of magnitudes and phases of the production coefficients. The decay dynamics is dominated by the K(sup +)K(sup -) S-wave, for which we perform a partial-wave analysis in the region m(K(sup +)K(sup -)) \h 2 GeV/c(sup 2). They find no evidence of CP violation for individual components of the isobar model. NTIS Particle Decay; Charm (Particle Physics) 20060048183 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Measurement of CP-Violating Parameters in Fully Reconstructed B to D(*)+-pi-+ and B to D+-rho-+ Decays Jul. 2005; 22 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-878820; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The authors present a preliminary measurement of the CP-violating parameters in fully reconstructed B(sup 0) (yields) D(sup (*)(+-))(pi)(sup (-+)) and B(sup 0) (yields) D(sup (+-))(rho)(sup (-+)) decays in approximately 232 million (Upsilon)(4S) (yields) B(bar B) decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC. NTIS Invariance; Mesons 20060048190 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Practical Twistor Spinoffs: On Shell Tree and Loop Recursion Relations Dixon, L. J.; Jul. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-878840; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The author briefly reviews how on-shell recursion relations, whose development was stimulated by recent twistor-space approaches, have been applied to compute tree and one-loop amplitudes in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). NTIS Quantum Chromodynamics; Linearity

20060048203 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA Science and Technology Review: Spheromak Plasma Heats Up Sep. 2005; 36 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881897; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) This month’s issue has the following articles: (1) The Pursuit of Fusion Energy--Commentary by William H. Goldstein; (2) A Dynamo of a Plasma--The self-organizing magnetized plasmas in a Livermore fusion energy experiment are akin to solar flares and galactic jets; (3) How One Equation Changed the World--A three-page paper by Albert Einstein revolutionized physics by linking mass and energy; (4) Recycled Equations Help Verify Livermore Codes--New analytic solutions for imploding spherical shells give scientists additional tools for verifying codes; and (5) Dust That’s Worth Keeping--Scientists have solved the mystery of an astronomical spectral feature in interplanetary dust particles. NTIS Plasmas (Physics); Research and Development; Spheromaks; Technologies

20060048636 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Parameter Estimation Techniques for a Polarization Hysteresis Model Smith, Ralph C; Hatch, Andrew; Jan 2004; 10 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0107; CMS-0099764 Report No.(s): AD-A453243; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453243; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy This paper focuses on the development of parameter estimation techniques for models quantifying hysteresis and constitutive nonlinearities in ferroelectric materials. These models are formulated as integral equations with known kernels and unknown densities to be identified through least squares fit to data. Due to the compactness of the integral operators, the resulting discretized models inherit ill-posedness which often must be accommodated through regularization. The accuracy of 398

regularized finite-dimensional models is illustrated through comparison with experimental data. DTIC Estimating; Hysteresis; Models; Parameter Identification 20060048689 Congressional Budget Office, Washington, DC USA CBO Testimony: Aging Military Equipment Pierrot, Lane; Feb 24, 1999; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453325; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453325; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO’s) analysis suggests that stocks of many kinds of military equipment are already at a higher average age than they have been in the past. Even if the Department of Defense (DoD) increases purchases as its current plans project, that trend will continue. Those added purchases are scheduled to occur in the years beyond 2000, when the Administration projects large real increases in aggregate defense spending, including higher funding for procurement. The Administration’s budget plan, however, depends on savings in other areas of the federal budget that may be difficult to realize. Most of the added funding is premised on the assumption that Social Security reform will free up significant budgetary resources. But the Administration and Congress have yet to agree to changes in the Social Security system, much less to reforms that would generate large savings. The remainder of the spending increase for defense comes from revisions to the Balanced Budget Act that have not yet been negotiated. DoD took a procurement holiday in the 1990s and is finding it difficult to recover. In the aftermath of the Cold War, DoD cut its procurement funding more deeply than it cut its forces. Average purchases over the past decade sank well below the quantities needed to sustain the forces; in some cases, procurement dropped to zero. To equip all its forces, with deliveries modest, at best, the military services had to extend planned service lives further than in the past. Because of imbalances between the budget and the program, DoD’s fleets will grow considerably older. Neither the Administration nor Congress appears to support further reductions in the forces DoD can field. But to halt fleet aging, DoD must either add funding to its procurement accounts to increase purchases, or cut its forces further. This testimony will focus on the ages of DoD’s current and future fleets and on past, planned, and steady-state purchases and procurement funding. DTIC Military Technology; Procurement 20060048924 Technispan, LLC, Pikesville, MD USA Physical Methods For Inactivating Spores: A Critical Assessment Spangler, Glenn E; Setlow, Peter; Setlow, Barbara; Nov 19, 2003; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453653; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy A significant literature has developed around the application of physical techniques to the inactivation of spores. These include pulsed high electric fields, plasma sterilization, and supercritical fluid extraction, in addition to the more traditional autoclaving technique. Pulsed high electric fields electroporate protective membranes, plasma sterilizers generate very reactive species, and supercritical fluids extract biologically significant compounds. Not all these techniques work as described, however. The cortex interferes with electroporation by showing properties similar to an ion channel, plasma sterilizers are sensitive to the composition of the working gas, and supercritical fluids are acidic in the presence of water. The use of an optimized combination of techniques provides a more efficient kill ratio. DTIC Deactivation; Electric Fields; Spores 20060048961 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Design and Performance of GMR Sensors for the Detection of Magnetic Microbeads in Biosensors Rife, J C; Miller, M M; Sheehan, P E; Tamanaha, C R; Tondra, M; Whitman, L J; Mar 19, 2003; 35 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453798; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We are developing a biosensor system, the Bead ARray Counter (BARC), based on the capture and detection of micron-sized, paramagnetic beads on a chip containing an array of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors. Here we describe the design and performance of our current chip with 64 sensor zones, compare its performance with the previous chip design, and discuss a simple analytical model of the sensor micromagnetics. With assay-ready Dynal M-280 microbeads (2.8 m diameter), our threshold for detection is approximately 10 beads per 200 m-diameter sensor. Single beads made of solid Ni30Fe70 can easily be detected, but they must be made biocompatible. The relatively large size of our sensors helps to 399

improve their practical sensitivity compared with other microsensor-based magnetic particle detectors. DTIC Bioinstrumentation; Magnetoresistivity; Paramagnetism 20060049018 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Investigation of Frequency-Domain and Time-Domain Free-Space Material Measurements Cassell, Kirt J; Mar 2006; 76 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453927; AFIT/GE/ENG/06-12; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Electromagnetic material characterization is the process of determining the complex permittivity and permeability of a test sample. The primary goal of this thesis is to develop a new two-transmission material measurement method to decrease the error associated with using a reflection measurement. The transmission method uses a sample transmission measurement and an acrylic-backed sample transmission measurement. This technique is first demonstrated in a rectangular waveguide system then extended to frequency-domain and time-domain focus arch free-space systems. The frequency-domain free-space calibration process decreases accuracy at the band edges. The use of a digital oscilloscope with a time-domain reflectometer (TDR) module should increase accuracy by removing the windowing and transforming operations and is a secondary goal of this thesis. The two transmission method is compared to the NRW method to validate the two transmission method in all three measuring devices. DTIC Frequencies; Magnetic Materials; Measurement 20060049114 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Smart Structures: Model Development and Control Applications Smith, Ralph C; Jan 2001; 49 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0180; F49620-01-1-0107 Report No.(s): AD-A453831; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper addresses aspects of model development and control design for smart structure which utilize piezoelectric, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive or shape memory alloys. The advent of these materials as sensors and actuators provides the opportunity for designing systems with improved performance while reducing weight, hardware and power requirements. At high drive levels, however, all of these materials exhibit nonlinear constitutive relations and varying degrees of hysteresis which must be accommodated to realize their full potential in smart structures. We outline a variety of modeling techniques and illustrate their use in feedback, feedforward and adaptive control designs. DTIC Shape Memory Alloys; Smart Structures 20060049115 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA The Immersed Interface Method for Elasticity Problems with Interfaces Xingzhou, Yang; Bo, Li; Zhilin, Li; Jan 2002; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): DMS-0072958; 39676-MA Report No.(s): AD-A453818; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy An immersed interface method for solving linear elasticity problems with two phases separated by an interface has been developed in this paper. For the problem of interest, the underlying elasticity modulus is a constant in each phase but vary from phase to phase. The basic goal here is to design an efficient numerical method using a fixed Cartesian grid. The application of such a method to problems with moving interface driving by stresses has a great advantage: no re-meshing is needed. A local optimization strategy is employed to determine the finite difference equations at grid points near or on the interface. The bi-conjugate gradient method and the GMRES with preconditioning are both implemented to solve the resulting linear systems of equations and compared. Numerical results are presented to show that the method is second-order accurate. DTIC Elastic Properties; Interfaces 20060049180 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Measurements of the Angle Alpha(Phi(2)) at BaBar Emergy, S.; May 2006; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882841; SLAC-PUB-11874; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) No abstract available CP Violation; Mesons 400

20060049181 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Search for the Decay of Neutral B Mesons to a Neutral K Star Meson and a Neutral K Meson Using the BaBar Detector Foulkes, S. D.; January 2005; 206 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882837; SLAC-R-824; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) No abstract available B Stars; Kaons; Mesons 20060049182 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Elliptically Polarized Modes in RF Cavities Stupakov, G.; Bane, K.; May 2006; 18 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882835; SLAC-PUB-11860; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) We study conditions under which a perturbation in boundary conditions of a cavity causes two modes with close frequencies to coalesce into elliptically polarized eigenmodes. We find that a surface impedance that is complex and varies with position along the cavity wall can give rise to elliptically polarized modes. For a simple two dimensional model our analytical perturbation results agree well with numerical simulations. We further demonstrate that a small variation in cavity shape can suppress mode ellipticity. Finally, we discuss the excitation of elliptical modes by bunch trains passing through the linac cavities in the ILC. NTIS Cavities; Perturbation Theory; Radio Frequencies 20060049184 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in BaBar Aubert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Courdec, F.; January 2005; 13 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882834; SLAC-PUB-11866; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge No abstract available Baryons; Charm (Particle Physics) 20060049187 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA, Tokyo Univ., Japan Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detectors Battaglia, M.; Barklow, T.; Peskin, M. E.; Okada, Y.; Yamashita, S.; Mar. 2006; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882830; SLAC-PUB-11877; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge This note presents a list of physics processes for benchmarking the performance of proposed ILC detectors. This list gives broad coverage of the required physics capabilities of the ILC experiments and suggests target accuracies to be achieved. A reduced list of reactions, which capture within a very economical set the main challenges put by the ILC physics program, is suggested for the early stage of benchmarking of the detector concepts. NTIS Detectors; Physics 20060049191 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames, IA USA Hadronic B Decays at BABAR Yi, J.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881552; SLAC-PUB-11825; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The author presents preliminary results on hadronic decays of B mesons, based on data recorded on the (Upsilon)(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). NTIS Hadrons; Mesons; Particle Decay 20060049195 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, USA, Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA USA Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Parameters Conley, J. A.; Hewett, J. L.; Le, M. P.; Mar. 2006; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881554; SLAC-PUB-11743; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The effects of the extended gauge sector present in the Littlest Higgs model in the reactions e(sup +)e(sup -) (yields) f(bar f) and e(sup +)e(sup -) (yields) Zh are examined. We find that the search reach at the 500 GeV ILC essentially covers the entire 401

region where this model is relevant to the hierarchy proble and extends the reach of the LHC. In addition, we show that the ILC allows for an accurate determination of the model parameters, to the precision of a few percent, provided that the LHC measures the mass of the new heavy neutral gauge field. NTIS Accuracy; Higgs Bosons; Physics 20060049236 Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (Provisional), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices Clarke, Steven; Bettin, William; Mar 2006; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453967; USACHPPM-31-006-0306; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453967; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. These IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of ultraviolet (UV) light to inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats posed by these microorganisms. This information paper provides an in-depth review of UV light for use as a disinfection technology in potable water supplies. This paper is intended to assist the reader in evaluating the disinfection capabilities of UV light-using IWPDs to inactivate disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and cysts. DTIC Antiseptics; Bacterial Diseases; Deactivation; Electromagnetic Spectra; Microorganisms; Potable Water; Ultraviolet Radiation; Water Treatment 20060049309 Technical Univ. of Crete, Athens, Greece Multiuser Transmit Beamforming for Maximum Sum Capacity in Tactical Wireless Multicast Networks Sidiropoulos, Nikos; Aug 2006; 171 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N62558-03-C-0012 Report No.(s): AD-A454158; 12; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454158; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Tactical wireless networks often comprise clusters of nodes, which are fed information from a head node. Transmit antenna arrays mounted on the head node (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicle) offer an attractive means of boosting capacity and assuring quality of service through transmit beamforming. The central goal of our research was to investigate efficient multiuser transmit beamforming strategies, and develop high-throughput low-complexity algorithms that will meet the needs of future tactical wireless networks. Sum capacity, quality of service, and fair service objectives were considered, under unicast and multicast scenarios. A key innovation of our work is the concept of physical layer multicasting, which affords significant capacity gains. A number of effective and efficient algorithms were developed, drawing upon and contributing to semidefinite relaxation (SDR) tools. Closely-related added-value topics of our research program included: i) computationally efficient quasi-optimal multiple input multiple output detection (using lattice search, data association, and SDR tools); ii) accurate and scalable node localization from pairwise distance estimates; and iii) tracking of time-varying carrier signals (using and developing associated particle filtering tools). Our work on these topics has been reported in seven (IEEE, SIAM) journal papers and seven IEEE conference papers. Variants of some of our published algorithms are currently considered for adoption by industry. DTIC Antenna Arrays; Beamforming; Communication Networks; Convexity 20060049352 Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Fracture Nowacki, Wojciech K; Gadaj, Stefan P; Luckner, Jerzy; Nowak, Zdzislaw; Perzyna, Piotr; Pecherski, Ryszard B; Jan 2006; 75 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-05-1-3049 Report No.(s): AD-A454288; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454288; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report results from a contract tasking Institute for Fundamental Technological Research of the Polish Academy of 402

Sciences as follows: The effect of strain rate on ductile fracture is one of the least understood phenomena in modern fracture mechanics. At the same time, information on ductile fracture under dynamic loading is very important for reliable prediction of fracture and fragmentation of high consequence structures. High-consequence structures are understood here as components of turbofan engines for fixed-wing aircraft and/or rotorcraft dynamic components. A comprehensive theoretical, experimental, and numerical research project will be undertaken to resolve some of the fundamental issues and construct a dynamic fracture locus suitable for engineering applications and implementation into the FE codes. It is envisioned that the project will be broken into three interrelated tasks: Hopkinson bar tensile fracture tests on small, flat specimens using a unique apparatus developed at IPPT; Drop tower fracture tests on specially designed specimens subjected to a combined shear/compression and shear/tension loading; Finite element simulation of dynamic experiments and construction of the dynamic fracture envelope for a few typical materials. The second and third task will be a joint endeavour between IPPT and MIT where the funding for the work at MIT will come from GE Global Research Center and the funding for the IPPT will come from this grant. No government furnished equipment or data will be used by the researchers at IPPT. DTIC Ductility; Fracturing; Strain Rate 20060049423 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Electromagnetic Waves Tsynkov, S V; Jan 2003; 40 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0187; NSF-DMS01-07146 Report No.(s): AD-A454447; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454447; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) See report. DTIC Boundary Conditions; Electromagnetic Radiation; Electromagnetic Wave Transmission 20060049433 Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks and Information Integration), Arlington, VA USA Department of Defense Net-Centric Spectrum Management Strategy Grimes, John G; Aug 3, 2006; 18 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454462; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454462; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The purpose of this document is to better manage the Department’s Radio Frequency Spectrum, a finite resource, which is essential in accomplishing the Department’s warfighting mission. Pursuant to the President’s Management Initiative and the Department of Defense’s Transformation, the Spectrum Management (SM) Strategy will improve the management of this vital resource now and in the future. The Department is taking an integrated approach to developing the transformation to net-centricity. This approach incorporates network and communications enhancements to provide sufficient bandwidth and electromagnetic spectrum for the warfighter and the Department’s operations. The net-centric environment is the framework of spectrum users’ technical connectivity and interoperability for Department users and mission partners. Spectrum-dependent systems, such as radios, radars, satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the Global Positioning System (GPS), and electronic warfare (EW), are required for all aspects of net-centric warfare. One of the goals of net-centric spectrum transformation-empowering users through access to trusted information shared in a trusted environment-has driven the development of this SM strategy. DTIC Defense Program; Management Planning; Radio Frequencies; Resources Management; Spectra 20060049445 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Control of Transverse Beam Vibrations: Experimental Implementation Del Rosario, R C; Tran, H T; Banks, H T; Jan 1999; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-95-1-0236; F49620-98-1-0180 Report No.(s): AD-A454479; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454479; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy LQG compensator control of transverse vibrations was implemented on an aluminum cantilevered beam in a ‘smart structure’ paradigm. The beam was mounted with two self-sensing, self-actuating piezoceramic patches. The Euler-Bernoulli beam equation was discretized via a Galerkin type approximation (referred to as the full order model). To reduce the size of 403

the resulting finite dimensional approximating system, the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) was employed as a reduced basis method. A reduction of dimension from 34 to 2 was obtained through the model reduction technique. Feedback control based on the reduced order system was implemented in real time using a dSpace DS1103 control system. Experimental results indicate that POD based control achieves comparable control attenuation with full order model based control. DTIC Cantilever Beams; Decomposition; Vibration 20060049584 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Multiple-Access Capability of Frequency-Hopped Spread-Spectrum Revisited: An Exact Analysis of the Effect of Unequal Power Levels Geranlotis, E; Jan 1988; 49 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-86-K-0013; CDR-8803012 Report No.(s): AD-A454593; SRC-TR-88-101; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In this paper we present a new method for the evaluation of the probability of error of uncoded frequency-hopped spread-spectrum multiple-access (FH/SSMA) communications. For systems with binary FSK modulation the method provides an accurate approximation and a tight upper bound to the bit error probability; for systems with M-ary FSK modulation it provides tight upper bounds to the symbol error probability. This method relies on the integration of the product of the characteristic function of the envelope of the branch of the BFSK demodulator, which carries the desired signal, and of the derivative of the characteristic function of the envelope of the other branch; it can achieve any desirable accuracy and the computational effort required for its evaluation grows linearly with the number of interfering users. In the M-ary case tight upper bounds based on the union bound and the results of the binary case are derived. DTIC Frequency Distribution; Frequency Hopping; Multiple Access; Spread Spectrum Transmission 20060049585 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Throughput and Packet Error Probability of Cellular Frequency-Hopped Spread-Spectrum Radio Networks Gluck, J W; Geranlotis, E; Jan 1988; 36 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-85-G-0207; NSF-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454594; SRC-TR-88-102; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We characterize multiple-access interference for cellular mobile networks, in which users are assumed to be Poisson-distributed in the plane and to employ frequency-hopped spread-spectrum signaling with a transmitter-oriented assignment of frequency-hopping patterns. Exact expressions for the bit error probabilities are derived for binary coherently demodulated systems without coding. Approximations for the packet error probability are derived for coherent and noncoherent systems and these approximations are applied when forward-error-control coding is employed. In all cases, the effects of varying interference -power are accurately taken into account according to some propagation law. Numerical results are given in terms of bit error probability for the exact case and throughput for the approximate analyses. Comparisons are made with previously derived bounds and it is shown that these tend to be very pessimistic. DTIC Error Analysis; Frequency Distribution; Frequency Hopping; Spread Spectrum Transmission 20060049619 Air Force Research Lab., Edwards AFB, CA USA Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster (Preprint) Hargus, Jr , William A; Nakles, Michael R; Jul 2006; 12 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2308 Report No.(s): AD-A454650; AFRL-PR-ED-TP-2006-128; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This work presents an analysis of near plume velocity distributions of the Busek BHT-200-X3 200 W laboratory Hall thruster derived from laser-induced fluorescence measurements of the 5d[4]7/2-6p[3]5/2 xenon ion excited state transition. The evolution of the axial and radial velocity distributions is presented from the exit plane to approximately 0.7 exit diameters downstream. It is shown that the distributions evolve significantly between the exit channel center and the inner portion of the channel where there are high frac-tions of low velocity ions. It is believed that this may be due to the slight inward focus of the xenon ion propellant colliding on the surface, recombining, and subsequently being re-ionized. Low axial velocity ions appear downstream of the thruster exit plane. While their origin is not entirely certain, the most likely explanation appears to be cross annular flow. Strong evidence of charge exchange is also evident producing high velocity wings on the primary ion 404

velocity peak reminiscent of ion energy analyzer studies of other thrusters. A survey of the axial and radial velocity distributions along the exposed exterior boron nitride nose cone covering the central magnetic pole is performed to determine the behavior of the ions impacting this critical surface. The VDF is ideal for comparison with numerical simulations since it allows for direct comparison of the fundamental ion acceleration. External VDF data can even provide limited insight as to the internal ion formation and acceleration processes. DTIC Charge Transfer; Distribution Functions; Hall Thrusters; Ion Distribution; Laser Induced Fluorescence; Near Fields; Velocity Distribution 20060049672 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence and Hybrid Spread Spectrum Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Ghaffari, Behzad; Jan 1989; 31 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-86-K-0013; NSF-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454734; SRC-TR-89-24; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Two forms of spread spectruim signaling: direct sequence and hybrid (direct sequence/frequency hopped) are shown to provide high broadcast capability especially when used in conjunction with forward error control coding schemes. The broadcast capability is defined as the maximum number of simultaneous distinct inessages that can be tranmitted to distant receivers from a single transmitter at a given bit error rate. This quantity provides a useful measure of the capacity of hub to mobile or satellite to earth station links of communication networks. When bursty data or voice traffic is dominant in such networks, the above forms of spread spectrum code division mutliple access (CDMA) provide a viable alternative to frequency division (FDMA) or time division (TDMA) multiple access. Different ways of multiplexing the direct sequence and hybrid signals are presented which employ distinct carriers, distinct pairs of orthogonal carriers, and only two orthogonal carriers to broadcast the different messages. Systems with chip synchronous signals and systems where random delays are introduced between the signals are considered. The average error probability of all systems is evaluated using the characteristic function and Gaussian approximation techniques. Besides the uncoded systems, systems using Reed-Solomon and convolutional codes are analyzed. A comparison of the broadcast capability of the different schemes is presented. DTIC Broadcasting; Communication Networks; Frequency Division Multiplexing; Spread Spectrum Transmission 20060049674 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Relative Equilibria for Two Rigid Bodies Connected by a Ball-in-Socket Joint Wang, Li-Shang; Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1989; 25 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSFD-CDR88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454738; SRC-TR-89-44; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy For simple mechanical systems with symmetry, a variational principle on configuration space determines relative equilibria. Here, this principle of symmetric criticality is applied to a problem of coupled rigid bodies. Numerical optimization by CONSOLE (a package intended originally for optimization based control system design) is shown to be an effective technique to search for some of the relative equilibria. DTIC Balls; Joints (Junctions); Rigid Structures 20060049834 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Non-Filtering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifiers Lin, Jyhfong; Edwards, Thomas; Shamma, Shihab; Jan 1992; 18 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSFD-CD88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454955; SRC-TR-92-63; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Switched capacitor sum-gain amplifiers (SGAs) are widely used in parallel fIlter systems. The capacitance spread of such circuits is proportional to the coefficient spread, thus making conventional SGAs un-suitable for high gain applications. SGANs with different input phases and a SGA with the same input phase are discussed, and a new area-efficient SGA, which can reduce the capacitance spread to the square root of coefficient spread ratio, is proposed. Furthermore, the non-ideal effects of op-amp like fInite DC gain and offset voltage are compensated by using the offset storing capacitor. All the circuits designed here only use the bi-phase clocking scheme. DTIC Capacitors; Electric Networks; Network Analysis; Switching; Switching Circuits 405

20060049835 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Very Large Time-Constant Circuits Lin, Jyhfong; Edwards, Thomas; Shamma, Shihab; Jan 1992; 31 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454956; SRC-TR-92-64; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The detailed theoretical analysis of very large time-constant (VLT) integrators which use either charge elimination (T-cell and Huang’s integrators) or charge cancellation (Nagaraj′s and charge differencing integrators) are described. Using a new area efficient design, the charge differencing (CD) integrator, the capacitance spread ratio can be easily reduced to less than the reciprocal of the square root of the product of the pole frequency and the sampling period. nonideal effects of op-amp like finite DC gain and offset voltage can also be compensated by employing offset storing capacitor operating only with the bi-phase clocking scheme. DTIC Capacitors; Circuits; Electric Networks; Electromagnetic Wave Filters; Network Analysis; Switching; Time Constant 20060049838 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Dissipation Induced Instabilities Bloch, Anthony; Krishnaprasad, P S; Marsden, Jerrold E; Ratiu, Tudor S; Mar 9, 1993; 55 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-FG03-92ER-25129; F49620-93-1-0037 Report No.(s): AD-A454960; SRC-TR-92-76-R2; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The main goal of this paper is to prove that if the energy-momentum (or energy-Casimir) method predicts formal instability of a relative equilibrium in a Hamiltonian system with symmetry, then with the addition of dissipation, the relative equilibrium becomes spectrally and hence linearly and nonlinearly unstable. The energy momentum method assumes that one is in the context of a mechanical system with a given symmetry group. Our result assumes that the dissipation chosen does not destroy the conservation law associated with the given symmetry group - thus, we consider internal dissipation. This also includes the special case of systems with no symmetry and ordinary equilibria. The theorem is proved by combining the techniques of Chetaev, who proved instability theorems using a special Chetaev-Lyapunov function, with those of Hahn, which enable one to strengthen the Chetaev results from Lyapunov instability to spectral instability. The main achievement is to strengthen Chetaev’s methods to the context of the block diagonalization version of the energy momentum method given by Lewis, Marsden, Posbergh, and Simo. However, we also give the eigenvalue movement formulae of Krein, Machay and others both in general and adapted to the context of the normal form of the linearized equations given by the block diagonal form, as provided by the energy-momentum method. A number of specific examples, such as the rigid body with internal rotors, are provided to illustrate the results. DTIC Hamiltonian Functions; Stability 20060050120 Oregon Univ., Eugene, OR, USA, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA First Results with Prototype Detectors of the Si/W ECAL Strom, D.; Frey, R.; Breidenbach, M.; Deng, J.; Freytag, D.; Jul. 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-878843; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Measurements on the prototype silicon sensors for use with an electromagnetic calorimeter with tungsten absorber are reported. The prototype sensors are based on a hexagonal geometry that optimally utilizes the space available on 6 inch silicon wafers. The sensors are segmented into approximately 750 5mm hexagonal pixels, which are connected to a bump-bonding array located at the center of the sensors. We report on those properties of the sensors that are important for linear collider applications including depletion voltage, stray capacitance and series resistance. NTIS Calorimeters; Prototypes 20060050137 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, USA, California Univ., Berkeley, CA USA, Princeton Univ., NJ USA Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy Ion Beam Charge Neutralization Efthimion, P. C.; Gilson, E. P.; Grisham, L.; Davidson, R. C.; Yu, S.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881611; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Plasmas are employed as a source of unbound electrons for charge neutralizing heavy ion beams to allow them to focus to a small spot size. Calculations suggest that plasma at a density of 1-100 times the ion beam density and at a length approx. 406

0.1-1 m would be suitable. To produce one-meter plasma, large-volume plasma sources based upon ferroelectric ceramics are being developed. These sources have the advantage of being able to increase the length of the plasma and operate at low neutral pressures. The source utilizes the ferroelectric ceramic BaTiO(sub 3) to form metal plasma. The drift tube inner surface of the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment (NDCX) will be covered with ceramic, and high voltage (approx. 1-5 kV) applied between the drift tube and the front surface of the ceramic by placing a wire grid on the front surface. A prototype ferroelectric source 20 cm long has produced plasma densities of 5x10(sup 11) cm(sup -3). The source was integrated into the previous Neutralized Transport Experiment (NTX), and successfully charge neutralized the K(sup +) ion beam. Presently, the one-meter source is being fabricated. NTIS Beam Neutralization; Ion Beams; Plasmas (Physics) 20060050139 Argonne National Lab., IL, USA Bunch Profiles in RHIC from CNI Polarimeter Target Scans January 2006; 24 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881579; ANL-HEP-TR-05-33; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) No abstract available Polarimeters; Proton Beams; Scanners; Targets 20060050148 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler Johnson, D. K.; Clayton, C. E.; Huang, C.; Joshi, C.; Lu, W.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881555; SLAC-PUB-11642; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge In the E-167 plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) experiments in the Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), an ultra-short, 28.5 GeV electron beam field ionizes a neutral column of Lithium vapor. In the underdense regime, all plasma electrons are expelled creating an ion column. The beam electrons undergo multiple betatron oscillations leading to a large flux of broadband synchrotron radiation. With a plasma density of 3 x 10(sup 17)cm(sup -3), the effective focusing gradient is near 9 MT/m with critical photon energies exceeding 50 MeV for on-axis radiation. A positron source is the initial application being explored for these X-rays, as photo-production of positrons eliminates many of the thermal stress and shock wave issues associated with traditional Bremsstrahlung sources. NTIS Betatrons; Emittance; Oscillations; Plasmas (Physics); Positrons; Wiggler Magnets; X Rays 20060050212 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA Digital Radiography January 2006; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882681; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The practice employs a nondestructive examination technique using a radioactive source generating either X or gamma rays to map the subjects features and density changes to a reusable phosphorus coated plate. NTIS Digital Systems; Radiography; X Rays 71 ACOUSTICS Includes sound generation, transmission, and attenuation. For noise pollution see 45 Environment Pollution. For aircraft noise see also 02 Aerodynamics and 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power.

20060048234 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans, Part 1, Aerodynamic Performance VanZante, Dale E.; Koch, L. Danielle; Wernet, Mark P.; Podboy, Gary G.; August 2006; 16 pp.; In English; 35th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER-NOISE 2006), 3-6 Dec. 2006, Honolulu, HI, USA; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 581-02-08-03-03-01 407

Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214448; E-15711; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048234; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Driven by the need for low production costs, electronics cooling fans have evolved differently than the bladed components of gas turbine engines which incorporate multiple technologies to enhance performance and durability while reducing noise emissions. Drawing upon NASA Glenn’s experience in the measurement and prediction of gas turbine engine aeroacoustic performance, tests have been conducted to determine if these tools and techniques can be extended for application to the aerodynamics and acoustics of electronics cooling fans. An automated fan plenum installed in NASA Glenn’s Acoustical Testing Laboratory was used to map the overall aerodynamic and acoustic performance of a spaceflight qualified 80 mm diameter axial cooling fan. In order to more accurately identify noise sources, diagnose performance limiting aerodynamic deficiencies, and validate noise prediction codes, additional aerodynamic measurements were recorded for two operating points: free delivery and a mild stall condition. Non-uniformities in the fan s inlet and exhaust regions captured by Particle Image Velocimetry measurements, and rotor blade wakes characterized by hot wire anemometry measurements provide some assessment of the fan aerodynamic performance. The data can be used to identify fan installation/design changes which could enlarge the stable operating region for the fan and improve its aerodynamic performance and reduce noise emissions. Author Aeroacoustics; Aerodynamic Characteristics; Aerodynamic Noise; Performance Prediction; Performance Tests; Ventilation Fans; Fan Blades 20060048958 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Sound Transmission to Long Ranges in the Ocean Urick, R J; Sep 6, 1950; 29 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453787; NRL-3729; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Recent use of half-second pulses at 7.4 kc for sound transmission measurements at ranges between 5 and 28 miles in the deep ocean has shown that sound can travel to such ranges by either or both of two paths. One path is by reflection from the bottom; the other is a channelled path lying within the near-surface wind-mixed layer and involving repeated reflections from the ocean surface. The bottom reflection provides the only effective path between a source and receiver lying below the mixed layer. For this path the data indicate an absorption coefficient at 7.4 kc of 0.6 db per kiloyard, a figure about 40 percent smaller than expected from other measurements at higher frequencies. The near-surface path is the result of sound trapping by the isothermal wind-mixed layer. That this trapping can be almost complete under some conditions is shown by evidence from the measurements that leakage out of the channel amounts to only 0.2 db per kiloyard. For a shallow source and receiver, mixed-layer sound channelling with the above value of attenuation coefficient accounts for a transmission excess of 30 db at 25 miles over what was anticipated on the basis of spherical spreading and the best available estimate of attenuation. DTIC Oceans; Sound Transmission 20060049060 Prins Maurits Lab. TNO, Wagenlngen Netherlands Development of a Silent Tow System Koops, A.; July 2006; 18 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Report No.(s): Rept-8867-3-VT; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources With the decrease of machinery related noise sources other (hydrodynamic) noise sources become more important to the underwater signature of naval vessels. A noise source of which very little information is available is the noise due to the flow around the hull of surface ships. Due to the common interest, a cooperative research programme was started between the USA Navy and the Royal Netherlands Navy under Annex A to the US/NL Technology Research and Development Projects MOU dated May 14, 1998. The project agreement is titled ‘Mechanisms and Prediction of Surface Ship Radiated Flow Noise’. The present report describes the development of a ‘silent’ towing system in the Vacuum Tank (VT = Depressurized Towing Tank) of MARIN, which should enable us to measure flow noise on a scale model of a frigate. The activities described are part of task3 of the project. Based on earlier measurements in the VT at MARIN it is clear that underwater noise measurements with the existing towing carriage for measuring flow noise would not be satisfactory. The background noise levels of the present carriage have been measured shortly after delivery of this new carriage and some years later. The measured levels are of a magnitude which is expected to be the same as or higher than the noise levels expected for the flow noise phenomena we want to investigate. Within the Flow Noise project budget was reserved to develop a silent towing system in order to be able to measure flow noise at model scale. In this report the design and testing of this system are being described and the first results of tests are reported and compared with earlier measurements carried out with the normal carriage in the VT. Apart from the requirement to be quiet, another system specification for a silent towing system is to be able to tow a 12 metre long ship model 408

with a displacement of about 4000 ton at a constant speed of maximal 4 m/s over a distance of about 25 metres. Derived from text Flow Noise; Noise Intensity; Ships; Underwater Acoustics; Towing; Noise Reduction; Acoustics 20060049123 Wyle Labs., Inc., Arlington, VA, USA Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Propagation in Aircraft Noise Prediction Plotkin, Kenneth J.; Shepherd, Kevin P., Technical Monitor; January 09, 2006; 74 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS1-00094; WU 781-20-11 Report No.(s): NASA/CR-2006-214503; WR 01-24; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049123; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy An analysis has been performed of measured and predicted aircraft noise levels around Denver International Airport. A detailed examination was made of 90 straight-out departures that yielded good measurements on multiple monitors. Predictions were made with INM 5, INM 6 and the simulation model NMSIM. Predictions were consistently lower than measurements, less so for the simulation model than for the integrated models. Lateral directivity (‘installation effect’) patterns were seen which are consistent with other recent measurements. Atmospheric absorption was determined to be a significant factor in the underprediction. Calculations of atmospheric attenuation were made over a full year of upper air data at seven locations across the USA. It was found that temperature/humidity effects could cause variations of up to +/-4 dB, depending on season, for the sites examined. It was concluded that local temperature and humidity should be accounted for in aircraft noise modeling. Author Noise Prediction; Aircraft Noise; Acoustic Propagation; Sound Propagation; Noise Intensity; Models 20060049312 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Victoria, Australia The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound Localisation Martin, Russell; McAnally, Ken; Watt, Tavis; Flanagan, Patrick; Mar 2006; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454168; DSTO-RR-0308; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454168; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Previous research has suggested that spatialised auditory displays will enhance operator performance in many military settings. It is well known that a sound’s spectrum must be broad and relatively flat for the sound to be accurately localised. The study described here examined the effect of systematically varying the evenness of a sound’s spectrum on the accuracy with which the sound can be localised. Six participants localised spectrally scrambled sounds produced by setting the sound levels in the 98-, 391- or 1562-Hz wide frequency bands comprising a broadband (0-25 kHz) sound to random values within a 0-, 20-, 40- or 60-dB range. Localisation errors were found to increase with increases in both bandwidth and band-level range. Scrambling the spectra of sounds over a 60 dB range led to as much as a doubling of mean elevation error and a trebling of front/back confusion rate. The accuracy with which these sounds could be localised was found to be highly correlated with a simple measure of spectral variation. The results of this study inform the development of guidelines for designing localisable sounds to be used in spatialised auditory displays. DTIC Auditory Signals; Emittance; Position (Location); Sound Localization; Spectra 20060049417 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Modeling and Computation of Propagating Waves from Coronary Stenoses Banks, H T; Barnes, J H; Eberhardt, A; Tran, H; Wynne, S; Aug 15, 2000; 22 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0180 Report No.(s): AD-A454437; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454437; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The ability to reliably detect coronary artery disease based on the acoustic noises produced by a stenosis can provide a simple, non-invasive technique. Current research exploits the shear wave fields in body tissue to detect and analyze coronary stenosis. A mathematical model of this system couples the generation of these acoustic noises with the propagation of the sound and shear waves through the chest cavity. In our initial investigations we consider a one-dimensional homogeneous viscoelastic model. A quasi-linear viscoelastic stress-strain relationship was proposed by Eung for a variety of biological 409

tissues. Though an effective model, this formulation presents significant computational difficulties in dynamic situations. We present several alternate constitutive relations based on an internal variable formulation that approximate Fung’s constitutive relation well when optimized. More importantly, results from the corresponding dynamic models match well with simulated data of wave propagation through a homogeneous soft tissue-like gel. DTIC Heart; Heart Diseases 20060049439 Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the Human Head O’Briend ,Jr , William D; Liu, Yuhui; Apr 1, 2005; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454471; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454471; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) No abstract available Acoustic Propagation; Audio Equipment; Cochlea; Hearing; Sound Pressure; Sound Waves; Wave Propagation 20060049442 Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH USA Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication Ray, Laura E; Solbeck, Jason A; Collier, Robert D; Apr 1, 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454475; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454475; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Active Control; Ear Protectors; Feedback Control; Feedforward Control; Hearing; Noise Reduction; Telecommunication 20060049444 QinetiQ Ltd., Farnborough, UK Experimentation to Address Appropriate Test Techniques for Measuring the Attenuation Provided by Double ANR Hearing Protectors Mercy, Susan E; Tubb, Christopher; James, Soo H; Apr 1, 2005; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454478; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454478; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Attenuation; Ear Protectors; Earphones; Measurement; Noise Reduction; Sound Pressure 20060049590 Institute for Human Factors TNO, Soesterberg, Netherlands Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Literature Study Vos, Joos; Apr 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454600; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Auditory Defects; Detection; Hearing; Performance Tests; Risk 20060049617 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA 3-D Audio: Military Applications and Symbology Ericson, Mark A; Simpson, Brian D; McKinley, Richard L; Apr 1, 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454645; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Audio Frequencies; Military Technology 20060049618 Institute for Human Factors TNO, Soesterberg, Netherlands Design and Evaluation of Warning Sounds in Frigate Control Centres van Balken, Johan S; van Wijngaarden, Sander J; Apr 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454647; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Acoustics; Warning Systems 410

20060049625 Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH USA Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Safety and Enhancing Situation Awareness in General Aviation Environments Simpson, Brian D; Brungart, Douglas S; Gilkey, Robert H; McKinley, Richard L; Apr 1, 2005; 17 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454658; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Display Devices; General Aviation Aircraft; Safety; Signal Transmission; Sound Waves

20060049658 Hospital D’Instruction des Armees Desgenettes, Lycon, France Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma Jean-Bertrand, Nottet; Benoit, Suc; Nicolas, Brossard; Agnes, Job; Apr 1, 2005; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454715; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Distortion; Ear Protectors; Hair; Hearing; Injuries; Markers; Military Personnel; Pharmacology

20060049688 QinetiQ Ltd., Farnborough, UK Investigating Double Hearing Protection using Human Subjects Tubb, Christopher; Mercy, Susan; James, Soo; Apr 2005; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454764; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Acoustic Attenuation; Active Control; Degradation; Ear Protectors; Human Beings; Noise Reduction; Protection

20060049695 Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., MA USA Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal Occurrence, Habitat Associations and Interactions with Ocean Dynamic Features Tyack, Peter L; Azzellino, Arianna; Mar 30, 2006; 34 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-04-1-0773 Report No.(s): AD-A454783; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This work is sponsored by ONR as part of a joint research project with the NATO SACLANT Center Sound, Oceanography and Living MArine Resources (SOLMAR) project in La Spezia, Italy. Within this SACLANTCEN project multiple interdisciplinary sea trials (Sirena campaigns) have been successfully conducted in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea since 1999. Six sea trials have been conducted in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from 1999 to 2003 during the late spring/summer season. The main goal of the project was correlating relevant environmental and biological parameters with concurrent marine mammal sightings. Among the different species inhabiting the area, Cuvier’s beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris, which is the only beaked whale commonly found in the Mediterranean Sea, was chosen as the focal species. Since the Genoa Canyon was a known habitat for Cuvier’s Beaked Whales (Fig. I), in 2002 a dedicated single ship cruise was conducted in the canyon region collecting oceanographic (21 CTD stations), visual and acoustic data in an area of about 10,600 km2. On-effort sightings were made during transect between the CTD stations and while on station. DTIC Acoustic Properties; Habitats; Marine Mammals; Oceanography; Oceans; Seas; Statistical Analysis

20060049705 Thales Avionics, Le Haillan, France Double protection passive pour les equipages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Concept et etude experimentale (Design and Experimental Study of the Passive Double Hearing Protection for the Crew of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ Baudou, J; Reynaud, G; Poussin, G; Leger, A; Apr 1, 2005; 15 pp.; In French; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454800; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Acoustic Attenuation; Ear Protectors; Earphones; Helicopters; Protection 411

20060049810 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Representation of Spectral Profiles in the Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple Phases Vranic-Sowers, S; Shamma, S A; Jan 1992; 51 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): CDR-8803012 Report No.(s): AD-A454922; ISR-TR-92-112R1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This paper explores the question of how spectral profiles are represented in the auditory system. Using profile analysis methods, listeners’ sensitivities to changes in spectral peak shapes and ripple phases were measured. Peak shapes were uniquely described in terms of two parameters: a symmetry factor (SF) which roughly measures the local evenness or oddness of a peak, and a bandwidth factor (BWF) which reflects the tuning or sharpness of a peak. Thresholds to changes in these parameters (defined as delta-SF and delta-BWF/BWF) were measured together with the effects of several manipulations such as using different peak levels, varying spectral component densities, and randomizing the frequencies of the peaks. The basic result that emerges is that delta-SF and delta-BWF/BWF thresholds are largely constant regardless of the standard’s peak shape. The only exception occurs for the narrowest peaks (smallest BWF’s) where delta-SF thresholds rise. A fundamental conclusion arising from these data is that peak profiles are represented along two sensitive and largely independent axes: peak bandwidth and symmetry factors. More generally, it is conjectured that for an arbitrary spectral profile these two axes correspond to the magnitude and phase of a Fourier transformation of the profile. In this light, the last set of experiments measured listeners’ sensitivity to ripple phase changes in sinusoidal ripple stimuli. The thresholds obtained are similar in value and trends to delta-SF thresholds. DTIC Auditory Perception; Ripples; Shapes; Signatures; Sound Waves; Spectra

20060049866 Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., MA USA Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Impact Models Ketten, Darlene R; Mountain, David; Hillson, Roger; Jun 20, 2006; 21 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-04-1-0651 Report No.(s): AD-A455001; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This project capitalized on and extended data, methodologies, and partnerships formed under the ONR funded Effect of Sound in the Marine Environment (ESME). The work comprised two years of collaborative effort focusing on sophistication and refinement of the baseline auditory model developed previously by these team members under ESME and employed the same model architecture and organizational structure that proved successful in the ESME project. The impact modeling effort developed a modular approach paralleling that of the ESME projects in order to permit compatibility with the on-going ESME effort as it develops. The specific objective of this project was to develop biophysically based models of the acoustic power flow from the water, through the tissues of the head and middle ear, into the cochlea, and ultimately to the sensory receptor cells (hair cells). These models allow us to estimate audiograms for multiple odontocete species from anatomical and mechanical measurements and to predict the excitation pattern within individual cochlea for a range of acoustic inputs as well as modeling stresses and strains on key cochlear tissues from over-stimulation. DTIC Hearing; Models; Whales

20060050051 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Acoustic Seal Steinetz, Bruce M., Inventor; August 08, 2006; 17 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 22 Aug. 2003; US-Patent-6,086,648; US-Patent-Appl-SN-10/652088; NASA-Case-LEW-17,182-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050051; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The invention relates to a sealing device having an acoustic resonator. The acoustic resonator is adapted to create acoustic waveforms to generate a sealing pressure barrier blocking fluid flow from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area. The sealing device permits noncontacting sealing operation. The sealing device may include a resonant-macrosonic-synthesis (RMS) resonator. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Sound Generators; Resonators; Sealing; Sound Waves; Fluid Flow 412

20060050155 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (1923-2005) DeYoung, Don; Dahlburg, Jill; Bevilacqua, Richard; Borsuk, Gerald; Boris, Jay; Chang, Simon; Colton, Richard; Eisenhauer, Robert; Eppert, Herbert; Franchi, Edward; Jun 30, 2006; 73 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454049; NRL/MR/1001-06-8951; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454049; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Since its establishment on July 2, 1923, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has excelled in its mission of conducting a broadly based multidisciplinary program of scientific research and advanced technological development directed toward maritime applications of new and improved materials; techniques; equipment; systems; and ocean, atmospheric, and space sciences and related technologies. Products of the Laboratory include a number of innovations that have revolutionized the capabilities of the USA Navy and of the Nation as a whole. Among these innovations are radar, which ushered in the era of modern warfare; the first U.S. intelligence satellite; and several key ideas for satellite time-based navigational systems, which eventually led to the Global Positioning System (GPS). More recently, NRL has developed powerful new warfighting capabilities for a post-Cold War environment marked by regional conflict and terrorism. One example is Specific Emitter Identification technology that identifies any radar by its unique characteristics with such accuracy as to ‘fingerprint’ it. It was selected by the National Security Agency as the national standard. Another is ‘Dragon Eye’ (trademark) an affordable, expendable, hand-launched 5.5-pound miniature surveillance plane with the radar signature of a bird. Carried by backpack, this airborne sensor platform provides U.S. Marine units deployed to Iraq with reconnaissance, battle damage assessment, and threat detection capabilities. A final example is Project Silent Guardian, which was implemented when there were concerns for military and civilian health during special events held in the Washington, DC, area during the 2005 Presidential Inauguration. This project marked the first demonstration of a capability for rapidly obtaining data for a broad range of pathogens in clinical specimens collected from the general population. DTIC Navy; Technology Utilization; Multidisciplinary Research

20060050213 NATO Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy Benchmark Evaluation of Multistatic Trackers Coraluppi, Stefano; Grimmett, Doug; Theije, Pascal de; Aug 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454744; NURC-PR-2006-007; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy No abstract available Sonar; Tracking (Position)

72 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS Includes atomic and molecular structure, electron properties, and atomic and molecular spectra. For elementary particle physics see 73 Nuclear Physics.

20060049706 Wisconsin Univ., Madison, WI USA Quantum Logic With Cold Neutral Atoms Saffman, Mark; Walker, Thad; Aug 15, 2006; 10 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-02-1-0083 Report No.(s): AD-A454801; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy An experimental and theoretical study of neutral atom qubits for use in a quantum computing device was performed. Experimental achievements include loading and detection of single Rb87 atoms in optical traps, demonstration of fast (1.4 MHz) Rabi rotations between ground hyoperfine states, measurement of 1 ms T2 time using Ramsey interferometry, and observation of partial Rydberg blockade by two-photon excitation to levels with n=47. DTIC Neutral Atoms; Quantum Theory 413

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS Includes nuclear particles; and reactor theory. For space radiation see 93 Space Radiation. For atomic and molecular physics see 72 Atomic and Molecular Physics. For elementary particle physics see 77 Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields. For nuclear astrophysics see 90 Astrophysics.

20060049621 Air Force Research Lab., Edwards AFB, CA USA An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Reflection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Propulsion Device Thomas, Robert; Miley, G H; Mead, Franklin; Jan 2006; 9 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-4847 Report No.(s): AD-A454652; AFRL-PR-ED-TP-2006-236; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy The dense plasma focus device is one of the few fusion systems that is capable of burning advanced fuels such as D 3He and p - 11B. An study has been performed and shown that three main requirements must be satisfied to reach breakeven for DPF fusion: a high Ti/Te ration (~ 20), an order of magnitude higher pinch lifetime, and the reflection and absorption if at least 50% Bremsstrahlung radiation. The latter issue is the focus of this report, and a literature search has been performed on laser-driven fusion radiation cavities, multilayer reflectors, and their application to Bremsstrahlung radiation reflection is presented. Additionally, the results found are compared to those assumed in the earlier DPF study bring p-11B. DTIC Bremsstrahlung; Dense Plasmas; Plasma Focus; Plasmas (Physics); Propulsion

74 OPTICS Includes light phenomena and the theory of optical devices; for specific optical devices see also 35 Instrumentation and Photography. For lasers see 36 Lasers and Masers.

20060048547 Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France Design of the GNC System for a New Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope Delpech, M.; Fourcade, J.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 13 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document SIMBOL-X mission [1] is based on a new concept of X-ray telescope that will allow to cover high energies up to 70 keV and to observe non thermal astrophysical processes like supernovae or black holes with unprecedented insight. Since a 30 meters focal distance is required, the proposed instrumental concept is based on a distributed system as it is envisioned for astronomy missions such as XEUS[2] or MAX [3]. The telescope mirror and the detector are accommodated on two separate spacecraft that will be actively controlled during observations to accurately maintain the relative distance and the inertial pointing of the line of sight. Within a larger frame of formation flying activities currently underway at CNES and concerning several mission concepts, preliminary studies have been performed to consolidate the concept feasibility, architecture and cost. This mission is now under evaluation by CNES for a possible flight at the end of the decade. After a brief presentation of the mission characteristics, the paper focuses on two main topics: (1) the design of the GNC architecture including a detailed description of the metrology and propulsion system as well as the control modes and algorithms, (2) the calibration technique to be implemented in such a distributed instrument in order to fulfill the accuracy requirements. Derived from text Active Control; Astrophysics; Black Holes (Astronomy); Formation Flying; Mission Planning; Line of Sight; X Ray Telescopes 20060048740 Physical Sciences, Inc., Andover, MA USA The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and Fluorescence Effects Mazel, Charles H; Kalata-Olson, Jody; Pham, Chuong; Jan 2000; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N0014-9-M-0083 Report No.(s): AD-A453441; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453441; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy We investigated the utility of a portable, intense source of ultraviolet light for diver use in support of Very Shallow Water operations. The working hypothesis was that the light would be of use to divers at short-to-medium ranges (up to several 414

meters) while remaining invisible to surface observers due to the inherent insensitivity of the human eye to ultraviolet light. The light source contained an arc discharge lamp rich in short wavelengths and was fitted with a filter that transmitted only the near ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. In-water tests were made in darkness using Navy divers both in a natural coastal environment and in a test tank. It was found that the light was of limited utility to the divers. In addition, the light was not covert because of a bluish-white glow associated with the ultraviolet beam. Subsequent measurements demonstrated that the visible glow was produced by a combination of fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in the water and Raman scatter from the water itself. The relative importance of the two factors varied with water type. These two effects that transform light from the invisible to the visible impose inherent limitations on the use of ultraviolet light for covert operations. DTIC Electromagnetic Radiation; Fluorescence; Light Sources; Raman Spectra; Shallow Water; Signatures; Ultraviolet Radiation 20060049428 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilibrium Air Plasma Ganguly, Biswa N; Jul 2006; 43 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2308 Report No.(s): AD-A454452; AFRL-PR-WP-TR-2006-2175; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454452; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The effects of acoustic shock wave propagation in nonequilibrium plasmas with Mach number from 1.5 up to 2.5 have been investigated. The effects of shock wave induced double layer on local excitation and ionization enhancement have been measured. Also, the effect of local gas heating induced by the energy dissipation in the double layer has been measured in a dielectric barrier discharge. DTIC Mach Number; Nonequilibrium Flow; Nonequilibrium Plasmas; Shock Waves; Wave Propagation 20060049622 Surrey Univ., Guildford, UK A Proposal to Develop and Test a Fibre-Optic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion System for Microsatellites Henshall, Paul; Mar 2006; 94 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-04-1-3030 Report No.(s): AD-A454653; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This report results from a contract tasking University of Surrey. Solar Thermal Propulsion (STP) previously envisioned for large spacecraft and capable of high levels of propulsive performance (\h1000s Isp) is currently being adapted for use on microsatellites at the University of Surrey. In utilising the high propulsive capability offered by STP, significant mass savings are possible. Conventional STP system concepts encounter difficulties in conforming to the low mass and volume requirements of a micro-satellite platform. The enabling technology for this concept is the advent of low attenuation high numerical aperture fibre optics. Applying fibre optics to STP allows the solar concentrator mirror to be mechanically decoupled from the solar heat exchanger as well as granting power input from multiple solar concentrators into a single heat exchanger. This ability allows STP systems with static concentrators to perform apogee raising and circularisation manoeuvres via a direct gain scheme, rather than being restricted to thrusting along the Sun vector. Thus the application of fibre optics accommodates a higher level of system flexibility and simplicity in comparison to conventional STP direct gain concepts for micro-satellites. This report presents a detailed analysis and design of a STP technology demonstration system incorporating fibre optics. Results are presented for solar concentrator surface quality measurements, fibre optic transmission testing and on the initial performance of a prototype pointing mechanism that utilizes a novel approach for Sun tracking and feedback. DTIC Fiber Optics; Fibers; Microsatellites; Propulsion System Configurations; Propulsion System Performance; Solar Thermal Propulsion; Sun 20060050002 Amsterdam Univ., Netherlands NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Optics of Biological Particles. Held in Novosibirsk, Russia on 3-6 Oct 2005 Hoekstra, A; Jan 2005; 105 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N62558-05-P-0354 Report No.(s): AD-A454987; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy Included within this volume are the abstracts to be presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Optics of Biological Particles. The meeting’s focus is on the potential of light scattering in the detection of biological agents, on novel 415

detection systems using polarized light scattering, imaging (microscopy), inelastic scattering, absorption and emission over all EM spectral regions. The aim is to bring together researchers from different fields (physics, biophysics, microbiology, cytology, etc) to foster the flow of information between these diverse groups of researchers. Most of all, we hope that the workshop results in new collaborations that improve research efficiency. DTIC Abstracts; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); Russian Federation; Scattering

20060050170 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner and Baseline Rotation Mennesson, Bertrand; Haguenauer, P.; Serabyn, E.; Liewer, K.; [2006]; 7 pp.; In English; SPIE Conference on Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, 24-30 May 2006, Orlando, FL, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39690; Avail.: Other Sources The basic advantage of single-mode fibers for deep nulling applications resides in their spatial filtering ability, and has now long been known. However, and as suggested more recently, a single-mode fiber can also be used for direct coherent recombination of spatially separated beams, i.e. in a ‘multi-axial’ nulling scheme. After the first successful demonstration of deep (\h2e-6) visible LASER nulls using this technique (Haguenauer & Serabyn, Applied Optics 2006), we decided to work on an infrared extension for ground based astronomical observations, e.g. using two or more off-axis sub-apertures of a large ground based telescope. In preparation for such a system, we built and tested a laboratory infrared fiber nuller working in a wavelength regime where atmospheric turbulence can be efficiently corrected, over a pass band (approx.1.5 to 1.8 micron) broad enough to provide reasonable sensitivity. In addition, since no snapshot images are readily accessible with a (single) fiber nuller, we also tested baseline rotation as an approach to detect off-axis companions while keeping a central null. This modulation technique is identical to the baseline rotation envisioned for the TPF-I space mission. Within this context, we report here on early laboratory results showing deep stable broad-band dual polarization infrared nulls \h5e-4 (currently limited by detector noise), and visible LASER nulls better than 3e-4 over a 360 degree rotation of the baseline. While further work will take place in the laboratory to achieve deeper stable broad-band nulls and test off-axis sources detection through rotation, the emphasis will be put on bringing such a system to a telescope as soon as possible. Detection capability at the 500:1 contrast ratio in the K band (~2.2 microns) seem readily accessible within 50-100 mas of the optical axis, even with a first generation system mounted on a \g5m AO equipped telescope such as the Palomar Hale 200 inch, the Keck, Subaru or Gemini telescopes. Author Null Zones; Fiber Optics; Interferometry; Spatial Filtering; Detection

20060050175 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope Goldsmith, Paul; Khayatian, Behrouz; Bradford, Matt; Dragovan, Mark; Hoppe, Daniel; Imbriale, William; Lee, Roger; Paine, Chris; Turner, Dick; Yorke, Harold; Zmuidzinas, Jonas; [2006]; 12 pp.; In English; SPIE Conference on Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, 24-31 May 2006, Orlando, FL, USA; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39688; Avail.: Other Sources SAFIR, the Single Aperture Far Infra Red Observatory, is a very powerful space mission that will achieve background-limited sensitivity in the far infrared-submillimeter spectral region. Many processes of enormous interest to astronomers can best be studied in this wavelength range, but require the demanding combination of high sensitivity, good angular resolution, and spectroscopic capability. SAFIR is a 10m class telescope to offering good angular resolution, cooled to below 5 K in order to achieve background-limited sensitivity, and equipped with a complement of large-format cameras and broadband spectrometers. Successful operation of such a facility is critically dependent on achieving the level of sensitivity expected, but this is rendered difficult by potential pickup from unwanted sources of radiation. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that the emission from the optical system itself is minimal due to its low temperature, thus emphasizing the importance of minimizing pickup from unwanted astronomical sources of radiation, including the emission from dust in our solar system (analogous to the zodiacal light, hence ‘zodi’), and the emission from warm dust in the Milky Way (Galactic ‘cirrus’). Author Apertures; Far Infrared Radiation; Observatories; Space Missions; Telescopes; Optical Equipment 416

75 PLASMA PHYSICS Includes magnetohydrodynamics and plasma fusion. For ionospheric plasmas see 46 Geophysics. For space plasmas see 90 Astrophysics.

20060048199 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of BBELF Turbulence Singh, Nagendra; Khazanov, George; Mukhter, Ali; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only Satellite observations in the auroral plasma have revealed that extremely low frequency (ELF) waves play a dominant role in the acceleration of electrons and ions in the auroral plasma. The electromagnetic components of the ELF (EMELF) waves are the electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves below the cyclotron frequency of the lightest ion species in a multi-ion plasma. Shear Alfv6n waves (SAWS) constitute the lowest frequency components of the ELF waves below the ion cyclotron frequency of the heaviest ion. The -2 mechanism for the transfer of energy from such EMELF waves to ions affecting transverse ion heating still remains a matter of debate. A very ubiquitous fe8ture of ELF waves now observed in several rocket and satellite experiments is that they occur in conjunction with high-frequency electrostatic waves. The frequency spectrum of the composite wave turbulence extends from the low frequency of the Alfvenic waves to the high frequency of proton plasma frequency and/or the lower hybrid frequency. The spectrum does not show any feature organized by the ion cyclotron frequencies and their harmonics. Such broadband waves consisting of both the EM and ES waves are now popularly referred as BBELF waves. We present results here from 2.5-D particle-in-cell simulations showing that the ES components are directly generated by cross- field plasma instabilities driven by the drifts of the ions and electrons in the EM component of the BBELF waves. Author Electromagnetic Radiation; Auroras; Electrostatic Waves; Magnetohydrodynamic Stability; Ion Cyclotron Radiation; Cyclotron Frequency; Wave Generation; Plasma Frequencies 20060049680 Engineering Research and Consulting, Inc., Edwards AFB, CA USA Complementary Density Measurements for the 200W Busek Hall Thruster (PREPRINT) Reed, Garrett D; Hargus, William A; Jul 12, 2006; 9 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454753; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Results of two complementary methods of measuring the near field plasma densities of a 200W Busek X3 Hall thruster are presented. Both a Faraday probe and microwave interferometry system are used to examine the density distribution of the thruster plasma at regular spatial intervals. Both experiments are performed in situ under the same conditions. The resulting density distributions obtained from both experiments are presented. Advantages and uncertainties of both methods are presented, as well as how comparison between the two data sets can account for the uncertainties of each method alone. DTIC Density Measurement; Hall Thrusters 20060049681 Engineering Research and Consulting, Inc., Edwards AFB, CA USA Multi-Domain Plasma Expansion Simulations Using a Particle-in-Cell Method Brieda, Lubos; VanGilder, Douglas; Jul 12, 2006; 13 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-4847 Report No.(s): AD-A454754; AIAA-2006-5023; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The statistical nature of the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm for plasma modeling requires that a large number of computational particles is used per cell to reduce the numerical noise. This requirement presents a computational obstacle in cases involving rapidly decaying plasmas, such as in simulations of plume expansion from electric propulsion (EP) thrusters. The simulation domain typically contains plasma densities ranging from 10(17) to 10(10) particles/cubic meter. Several approaches for retaining a sufficient per-cell particle count exist, including growth of simulation cells, particle splitting, and particle tracking limited to the back flowing particles, but none of these is without associated problems. In this paper, we present an alternative approach based on a multi-domain modeling. A coarse simulation is used to sample particle flux into a subdomain enclosing the region of interest. A second simulation is then performed on the subdomain, with particles injected at domain boundaries according to the prescribed flux. This approach is used to predict ion current to a simple cylindrical 417

probe located on a satellite using a cluster of four Hall thrusters for primary propulsion. The effect of sheath resolution is investigated and results are compared to an analytical model. DTIC Electric Propulsion; Plasmas (Physics); Simulation

76 SOLID-STATE PHYSICS Includes condensed matter physics, crystallography, and superconductivity. For related information see also 33 Electronics and Electrical Engineering; and 36 Lasers and Masers.

20060048165 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Dalitz Plot Analysis of $B( up arrow)O(underbar)d to K+ pi(up arrow) pi(up arrow)O$ Decays Yu, Z.; January 2005; 198 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881963; SLAC-R-815; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) This thesis describes a Dalitz plot analysis of B(sup 0) (yields) K(sup +)(pi)(sup -)(pi)(sup 0) decays. The data sample comprises 213 million (Upsilon)(4S) (yields) B(bar B) decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in California (SLAC). Preliminary results are presented for measurements of the inclusive branching fraction, quasi-two-body fractions and CP-violating charge asymmetries for intermediate states including K*(892)(sup +)(pi)(sup -) and (rho)(770)(sup -)K(sup +). Observations of B(sup 0) decays to the K(pi) S-wave intermediate states, K*(sub 0)(1430)(sup +)(pi)(sup -) and K*(sub 0)(1430)(sup 0)(pi)(sup 0), are reported. Evidence of the decay B(sup 0) (yields) K*(892)(sup 0)(pi)(sup 0) is seen. We set upper limits at 90% confidence level on branching fractions of the nonresonant and other less significant intermediate states. NTIS Particle Accelerators; Particle Decay 20060048166 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Chiang Mai Univ., Thailand System of Nanosecond 280-kevV-He(sup +) Pulsed Beam Junphong, P.; Ano, V.; Thongnoapparat, N.; Lekpresert, B.; Suwannakachorn, D.; January 2005; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881961; SLAC-PUB-11847; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge At Fast Neutron Research Facility, the 150 kV-pulses neutron generator is being upgraded to a 280-kV-pulsed- He beam for time-of-flight Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. It involves replacing the existing beam line elements by a multicusp ion source, a 400-kV accelerating tube, 45o-double focusing dipole magnet and quadrupole lens. The multicusp ion source is a compact filament-driven of 2.6 cm in diameter and 8 cm in length. The current extracted is 20.4 microA with 13 kV of extraction voltage and 8.8 kV of Einzel lens voltage. The beam emittance has found to vary between 6-12 mm mrad. The beam transport system has to be redesigned based on the new elements. The important part of a good pulsed beam depends on the pulsing system. The two main parts are the chopper and buncher. An optimized geometry for the 280 keV pulsed helium ion beam will be presented and discussed. The PARMELA code has been used to optimize the space charge effect, resulting in pulse width of less than 2 ns at a target. The calculated distance from a buncher to the target is 4.6 m. Effects of energy spread and phase angle between chopper and buncher have been included in the optimization of the bunch length. NTIS Particle Accelerators; Neutrons; Pulse Duration 20060048186 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 Frohlich, L.; Grimm, O.; Klose, K.; Nagl, M.; Peters, O.; Aug. 2005; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-878811; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge At the DESY TTF2 linear accelerator three special techniques to characterize the longitudinal charge distribution of the electron bunches that drive the free-electron laser are currently under study: electro-optical sampling, far-infrared spectral analysis of coherent radiation and the use of a transverse deflecting cavity to streak the bunch. The principles and implementations of the latter two are described in this paper. Details on electro-optical sampling can be found in the paper. NTIS Cavities; Charge Distribution; Coherent Radiation; Deflection; Diagnosis; Particle Accelerators; Shapes 418

20060048189 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA, USA Cryostat with Foil and MLI Hwang, P. K. F.; Guang, C.; Oct. 2005; 34 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-850484; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge Induction cores are used to accelerate heavy ion beam array, which are built around the outer diameter of the cryostat housing the superconducting quadruple array. Compact cryostat is highly desirable to reduce the cost of the induction cores. Recent experiences in fabrication of a cryostat for single beam transport revealed that it is possible to reduce the spacing in the cryostat vacuum jacket by using low-emissivity thermal insulation material instead of conventional MLI. However, it is labor-intensive to install the new type of insulation as compared with using MLI. It is promising to build a cost-effective compact cryostat for quadruple magnet array for heavy ion beam array transport by using low-emissivity material combined with conventional MLI as radiation insulation. A matrix of insulation designs and tests will be performed as the feasibility study and for the selection of the optimal thermal insulation as the Phase I work. The selected mixed insulation will be used to build prototype compact cryostats in the Phase II project, which are aiming for housing quadruple doublet array. In this STTR phase I study, a small cryostat has been designed and built to perform calorimetric characterization of the heat load in a liquid helium vessel insulated with a vacuum layer with a nominal clearance of 3.5 mm. NTIS Cryostats; Foils (Materials) 20060048210 Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams Caton, J. A.; Annamalai, K.; Lucht, R. P.; January 2005; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881865; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) An all-solid-state continuous-wave (cw) laser system for ultraviolet absorption measurements of the nitric oxide (NO) molecule has been developed and demonstrated. For the NO sensor, 250 nW of tunable cw ultraviolet radiation is produced by sum-frequency-mixing of 532-nm radiation from a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser and tunable 395-nm radiation from an external cavity diode laser (ECDL). The sum-frequency-mixing process occurs in a beta-barium borate crystal. The nitric oxide absorption measurements are performed by tuning the ECDL and scanning the sum-frequency-mixed radiation over strong nitric oxide absorption lines near 226 nm. NTIS Absorption Spectroscopy; Air Pollution; Ammonia; Combustion; Electromagnetic Absorption; Light Transmission; Nitric Oxide; Pollution Monitoring; Solid State; Streams; Ultraviolet Absorption 20060048306 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA Automating the Modeling of the SEE Cross Section’s Angular Dependence Patterson, J. D.; Edmonds, L. D.; September 15, 2003; 4 pp.; In English; Radiation Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) Workshop, September 12-19, 2003, Noordwijk, Netherlands; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/38469; Avail.: Other Sources An algorithm that automates the application of the alpha law in any SEE analysis is presented. This automation is essential for the widespread acceptance of the sophisticated cross section angular dependence model. Author Single Event Upsets; Mathematical Models; Cross Sections; Linear Energy Transfer (LET); Angular Distribution 20060049235 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Real-Time Process Monitoring by P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Epitaxy Banks, H T; Dietz, N; Ito, K; Jan 2000; 21 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-95-1-0447 Report No.(s): AD-A453966; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453966; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Controlling and optimizing growth processes require improved methods of characterization and understanding of decomposition pathways and surface reaction kinetics. They also require the development of advanced nonlinear filtering and feedback control concepts. This contribution describes results on real-time optical monitoring of thin film growth processes 419

by ppolarized reflectance (PR) utilizing a pulsed chemical beam epitaxy (PCBE) approach, where the growth surface is sequentially exposed to organometallic precursors. Under these conditions the surface reaction kinetics can be followed by analyzing a periodically (in composition and thickness) modulated surface reaction layer (SRL). This modulation can be captured in the PR-signals as a fine structure that is superimposed on the interference fringes produced by underlying growing film. The optical response is linked to the growth process via a reduced order surface kinetics (ROSK) model and integrated as a control signal in the implementation of filter and control algorithms for closed-loop controlled growth. The control concept has been applied for thickness and compositional graded multi-heterostructure Ga(x)In(1-x)P epilayers and validated by ex-situ post-growth analysis. This results in superior tracking of composition and thickness targets under closed loop controlled conditions when compared to films grown using pre-designed source injection profiles (open-loop conditions). DTIC Epitaxy; Feedback Control; Real Time Operation; Reflectance; Spectroscopy; Thin Films; Vapor Phase Epitaxy

77 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS Includes quantum mechanics; theoretical physics; and statistical mechanics. For related information see also 72 Atomic and Molecular Physics, 73 Nuclear Physics, and 25 Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry.

20060048983 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Thermal Conductivity of Composites Under Different Heating Scenarios Banks, H T; Hogan, J H; Tirpak, R E; Wynne, S; Oct 5, 2003; 31 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-00-1-0026 Report No.(s): AD-A453841; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) We study the overall thermal conductivity of composites under three different heating scenarios: (i) a laser pulse heat source, (ii) a preheated composite sample, and (iii) a continuous heat source. DTIC Heating; Thermal Conductivity 20060049183 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g K+K+KAubert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Negrini, M.; January 2005; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882838; SLAC-PUB-11839; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge No abstract available Mesons; Particle Decay; Quantum Chromodynamics 20060049190 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Hawaii Univ., Honolulu, HI, USA, Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH, USA Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos via Coherent Radio Emission Varner, G. S.; Gorham, P. W.; Clem, J. M.; Barwick, S. W.; Kowalski, R. J.; May 2006; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882828; SLAC-PUB-11872; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) No abstract available High Energy Interactions; Neutrinos; Radio Emission 20060049192 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Exclusive Charmless Semileptonic Decays B yields X(sub u)lV from BABAR Dingfelder, J.; January 2006; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881553; SLAC-PUB-11824; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The latest results of exclusive charmless semileptonic decays B (yields) (pi)(ell)v and B (yields) (rho)(ell)v from the BARBAR Collaboration are presented. They are based on samples of B(bar B) events recorded on the (Upsilon)(4S) resonance. Several different experimental techniques are compared. Measurements of partial branching fractions in intervals of q(sup 2), the four-momentum transfer squared, allow a study of the shape of the B (yields) (pi)(ell)v form factor and a comparison with theoretical calculations. The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element (V(sub ub))is determined using 420

the measured branching fractions combined with recent form-factor predictions. NTIS Particle Decay; Elementary Particle Interactions; Leptons; Charm (Particle Physics) 20060049193 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Dortmund Univ., Germany Charm Spectroscopy at BABAR Altenburg, D.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881551; SLAC-PUB-11836; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge In this note we present results on charmed hadron decays recently obtained from data recorded with the BABAR detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) PEP-II B-Factory. NTIS Hadrons; Spectroscopy; Charm (Particle Physics) 20060049194 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Measurement of the CKM-Angle gamma BABAR Tisserand, V.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881550; SLAC-PUB-11826; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The authors present the results of the measurements employed by the BABAR Collaboration, to determine the value of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) CP-violating phase (gamma) ((tripe-bond) arg (-V(sub ud)V*(sub ub)/V(sub cd)V*(sub cb))). These measurements are based on the studies performed with the charged B-decays B(sup -) (yields) (tilde D)(sup O) K(sup -) B(sup -) (yields) (tilde D)*(sup O) K*(sup -), where (tilde D)(sup O) indicates either a D(sup O) or a (bar D)(sup O) meson. A sample of about 230 million B(bar B) pairs collected by the BABAR detector, at the PEP-II asymmetric energy e(sup +)e(sup -) collider at SLAC, is used. NTIS CP Violation; Particle Decay

20060049242 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, USA Inclusive Measurements of Vub from BaBar Ricca, G. D.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881549; SLAC-PUB-11822; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element V(sub ub) is a fundamental parameter of the Standard Model, representing the coupling of the b quark to the u quark. It is one of the smallest and least known elements of the CKM matrix. With the increasingly precise measurements of decay-time-dependent CP asymmetries in B-meson decays, in particular the angle (beta), improved measurements of the magnitude of V(sub ub) will allow for stringent experimental tests of the Standard Model mechanism for CP violation. The extraction of V(sub ub) is a challenge, both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretically, the weak decay rate for b yields uev can be calculated at the parton level. It is proportional to V(sub ub)/(sup 2) and m(sub b)(sup 5), where m(sub b) is the b-quark mass. To relate the B-meson decay rate to (V(sub ub)), the parton-level calculations have to be corrected for perturbative and non-perturbative QCD effects. These corrections can be calculated using various techniques: heavy quark expansions (HQE) and QCD factorization. They make use of specific assumptions and are affected by different uncertainties. NTIS Quarks; Quantum Chromodynamics; Charm (Particle Physics); Mesons; Particle Decay

20060049325 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, USA Quarkonium Spectroscopy at Babar Negrini, M.; January 2006; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881547; SLAC-PUB-11835; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The Babar experiment at the high luminosity storage ring PEP-II offers excellent opportunities in quarkonium spectroscopy. Recent Babar results obtained in this field are reported. NTIS Spectroscopy; Quarks; Mesons 421

20060050113 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Charm Baryon Studies at BaBAR January 2005; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881545; SLAC-PUB-11837; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The authors present a precision measurement of the mass of the (Lambda)(sub c)(sup +) and studies of the production and decay of the (Omega)(sub c)(sup O) and (Xi)(sub c)(sup O) charm baryons using data collected by the BABAR experiment. To keep the systematic uncertainty as low as possible, the (Lambda)(sub c)(sup +) mass measurement is performed using the low Q-value decays, (Lambda)(sub c)(sup +) (yields) (Lambda)(sup O) K(sup S)(sup O)K(sup +) and (Lambda)(sub c)(sup +) (yields) (Sigma)(sup O) K(sub S)(sup O)K(sub S)(sup O)K(sup +). Several hadronic final states involving an (Omega)(sup -) and a (Xi)(sup -) hyperon are analyzed to reconstruct the (Xi)(sub c)(sup O) and the (Omega)(sub c)(sup O). NTIS Baryons; Particle Mass; Particle Decay 20060050114 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Grenoble-1 Univ., Annecy, France, Barcelona Univ., Spain, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi + pi - Gamma (2S) Aubert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Couderc, F.; January 2006; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881536; SLAC-PUB-11817; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The authors present the first measurement of (Upsilon)(4S) decays to (pi)(sup +)(pi)(sup -) (Upsilon)(1S) and (pi)(sup +)(pi)(sup -) (Upsilon)(2S) based on a sample of 230 x 10(sup 6) (Upsilon)(4S) mesons collected with the BABAR detector. NTIS Particle Decay; Vector Mesons 20060050117 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Grenoble-1 Univ., Annecy, France, Barcelona Univ., Spain, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o) Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) Aubert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Couderc, F.; Apr. 05, 2006; 12 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881538; SLAC-PUB-11803; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The authors report the observation of decays B(sup O) (yields) D(subs s)(sup (*)+) (pi)(sup -) and B(sup O) (yields) D(sub s)(sup (*)-) K(sup +) in a sample of 230 x 10(sup 6) (Upsilon)(4S) (yields) B(bar B) events recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e(sup +)e(sup -) storage ring. NTIS Mesons; Particle Decay 20060050118 London Univ., UK, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for Luminosity Performance Studies White, G.; Walker, N.; Schulte, D.; Jul. 2005; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-878850; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge To study the luminosity performance of the International Linear Collider (ILC) with different design parameters, a simulation was constructed that tracks a multi-bunch representation of the beam from the Damping Ring extraction through to the Interaction Point. The simulation code PLACET is used to simulate the LINAC, MatMerlin is used to track through the Beam Delivery System and GUINEA-PIG for the beam-beam interaction. Included in the simulation are ground motion and wakefield effects, intra-train fast feedback and luminosity-based feedback systems. To efficiently study multiple parameters/ multiple seeds, the simulation is deployed on the Queen Mary High-Throughput computing cluster at Queen Mary, University of London, where 100 simultaneous simulation seeds can be run. NTIS Beam Interactions; Luminosity; Simulation; Linear Accelerators 20060050119 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Grenoble-1 Univ., Annecy, France, Barcelona Univ., Spain, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar c) Production Near Square root of s+ 10.6 GeV Aubert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Couderc, F.; January 2006; 32 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881537; SLAC-PUB-11816; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge 422

A study of the D*(sub sJ)(2317)(sup +) and D(sub sJ)(2460)(sup +) mesons in inclusive c(bar c) production is presented using 232 fb(sup -1) of data collected by the BABAR experiment near (radical)s = 10.6 GeV. Final states consisting of a D(sub s)(sup +) meson along with one or more (pi)(sup O), (pi)(sup (+-)), or (gamma) particles are considered. Estimates of the mass and limits on the width are provided for both mesons and for the D(sub s1)(2536)(sup +) meson. A search is also performed for neutral and doubly-charged partners of the D*(sub sJ)(2317)(sup +) meson. NTIS Mesons; Particle Production; Particle Mass 80 SOCIAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES (GENERAL) Includes general research topics related to sociology; educational programs and curricula. For specific topics in these areas see categories 81 through 85.

20060050143 Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC, USA The Federal Workforce Additional Insights Could Enhance Agency Efforts Related to Hispanic Representation August 2006; 71 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Report No.(s): GAO-06-832; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Hispanic representation in the federal workforce has historically been lower than in the Civilian Labor Force (CLF). Understanding factors affecting representation is important to developing and maintaining a high-quality and inclusive workforce. In this report, GAO identifies and analyzes factors affecting Hispanic representation in the federal workforce, examines oversight roles of EEOC and OPM, and provides illustrations of selected federal agencies efforts with respect to Hispanic representation. GAO constructed a multivariate logistic regression model, with advice from experts, to determine how factors affected the likelihood of Hispanics and non-Hispanics being in the federal versus nonfederal workforce. GAO s analyses are not intended to and do not show the existence or absence of discrimination in the federal workforce. Derived from text Race Factors; Governments; Employment; Labor 81 ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT Includes management planning and research.

20060049993 Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH, USA Building SMART Leadership Finkelstein, Sydney; Jackson, Eric M.; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 7 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Have you taken the necessary steps to help maintain and grow your organization s preeminent market position? At some point, the officers and directors of Morgan Stanley, MassMutual, Worldcom, and Enron would have all answered ‘yes’ to this question. All these firms had dominant market positions and were led by officers and directors with impeccable credentials. Over the last several years, our research has uncovered the key differences between these successful companies that eventually failed in some manner and other very successful companies that have been able to retain and grow their market dominance. We call the latter, ‘SMART Organizations,’ and they regularly track and improve in the Three Pillar areas of SMART Leadership, SMART Strategy, and SMART Process. In this article, we describe SMART Leadership and how to make it blossom in your organization. Author Leadership; Organizations; Commerce; Dominance 20060050042 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC, USA NASA: Sound Management and Oversight Key to Addressing Crew Exploration Vehicle Project Risks [2006]; 15 pp.; In English Report No.(s): GAO-06-1127T; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy 423

In summary, we found that because NASA’s exploration program is in its early stages, the agency cannot develop a firm cost estimate for the program at this time. The changes that have occurred to the program over the past year and the resulting refinement of its associated cost estimates are indicative of the evolving nature of the program. Furthermore, we found that it will likely be a challenge for NASA to implement the program, as laid out in its Exploration Systems Architecture study (ESAS)5 due to the high costs associated with the program in some years and the long-term sustainability of the program relative to anticipated funding. Finally, we found that NASA’s acquisition strategy for the CEV was not based upon obtaining an adequate level of knowledge when making key resources decisions, placing the program at risk for cost overruns, schedule delays, and performance shortfalls. These risks were evident in NASA’s plan to commit to a long-term product development effort before establishing a sound business case for the project that includes well-defined requirements, mature technology, a preliminary design, and firm cost estimates. Furthermore, in our 2005 report on NASA’s acquisition policies, we found that NASA’s policies lacked major decision reviews beyond the initial project approval gate and lacked a standard set of criteria with which to measure projects at crucial phases in the development life cycle. These decision reviews and development measures are key markers needed to ensure that projects are proceeding with and decisions are being based upon the appropriate level of knowledge and can help to lessen project risks. In our July 2006 report, we recommended that NASA adjust its acquisition strategy to ensure that sufficient program knowledge, to include well-defined requirements, mature technologies, a stable design, and realistic cost estimates, be attained prior to committing the government to a long-term contract. NASA did not concur with our recommendation and in late August awarded a contract for the design, development, production, and sustainment of the CEV to Lockheed Martin. However, prior to awarding the contract, NASA adjusted its acquisition approach and the agency included the production and sustainment portions of the contract as options a move that is consistent with the recommendation in our report because it lessens the government s financial obligation at this early stage. While these changes are positive steps, the agency s acquisition strategy needs further refinement to conform to acquisition best practices. Given the approach that NASA has chosen, continued congressional oversight will be critical for ensuring that the program stays within cost and schedule goals. Derived from text Design to Cost; Risk; Product Development; Cost Estimates; Life (Durability); Space Exploration 20060050236 Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC, USA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Additional Action Needed to Incorporate Lessons Learned from Other Satellite Programs [2006]; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Report No.(s): GAO-06-1129T; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is nearing the end of the preliminary design phase of its GOES-R system, which was initially estimated to cost $6.2 billion and scheduled to have the first satellite ready for launch in 2012. At the time of our review, NOAA had issued contracts for the preliminary design of the overall GOES-R system to three vendors and expected to award a contract to one of these vendors in August 2007 to develop the satellites. In addition, to reduce the risks associated with developing new instruments, NOAA issued contracts for the early development of two instruments and for the preliminary designs of three other instruments. The agency plans to turn these instrument contracts over to the vendor that is awarded the contract for the overall GOES-R program. However, recent analyses of the GOES-R program cost, which in May 2006 the program office estimated could reach $11.4 billion, have led the agency to consider reducing the scope of requirements for the satellite series. At the time of our review, NOAA officials estimated that a decision on the future scope and direction of the program could be made by the end of September 2006. Since then, NOAA officials told us that the agency has made a decision to reduce the scope and complexity of the GOES-R program by reducing the number of satellites and canceling a technically complex instrument. NOAA has taken steps to implement lessons learned from past satellite programs, but more remains to be done. Prior satellite programs, including a prior GOES series, a polar-orbiting environmental satellite series, and various military satellite programs, often experience technical challenges, cost overruns, and schedule delays. Key lessons from these programs include the need to (1) establish realistic cost and schedule estimates, (2) ensure sufficient technical readiness of the system s components prior to key decisions, (3) provide sufficient management at government and contractor levels, and (4) perform adequate senior executive oversight to ensure mission success. NOAA has established plans to address these lessons by conducting independent cost estimates, performing preliminary studies of key technologies, placing resident government offices at key contractor locations, and establishing a senior executive oversight committee. However, many steps remain to fully address these lessons. Specifically, NOAA has not yet developed a process to evaluate and reconcile the independent and government cost estimates. Derived from text Geosynchronous Orbits; GOES Satellites; Cost Estimates; Synchronous Platforms; Launching 424

20060050237 Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC, USA U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in Implementing Aerospace Commission Recommendations, and Remaining Challenges [2006]; 85 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Report No.(s): GAO-06-920; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy Federal agencies have taken actions that address selected Commission recommendations to varying degrees, from establishing new offices, programs, and policies to changing existing programs or policies; however, the actions the agencies have taken are still in the early stages of implementation. For example, the Commission s recommendation to establish a federal interdepartmental group to plan a new, highly automated air traffic management system was addressed by the creation of the Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO), which consists of seven federal agencies, including FAA, NASA, and Defense. However, JPDO faces challenges in leveraging partner agency resources and maintaining commitment from nonfederal stakeholders as it moves forward in planning the new air traffic management system. In addition, the President issued a new space exploration policy and NASA created a directorate to implement the policy, realigning some programs and funds to do so. Both the new policy and the directorate address the broad Commission recommendation to create a space imperative. Other new efforts include a jobs training initiative and education programs that address the broad Commission recommendation to promote the growth of the U.S. aerospace workforce. Labor and the Department of Education have provided grant funding for these efforts, however, there are questions about the impact of the grants. Changes to existing programs include NASA s restructuring of its aeronautics research program, which addresses the specific Commission recommendation to increase the federal focus on long-term aerospace research; FAA s revisions to its rule making and airport environmental review procedures, which address the specific Commission recommendations to streamline the regulatory and airport review processes; and FAA s attempts to increase the U.S. presence in international aviation partnerships, which addresses the specific Commission recommendation to commit to international partnerships. Federal agencies have taken few, if any, actions to address other Commission recommendations such as reforming exports control policies and establishing a national aerospace policy. Derived from text Space Exploration; Aerospace Industry; Air Traffıc Control; Management Systems; Management Planning; Policies; Aeronautical Engineering

82 DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCE Includes information management; information storage and retrieval technology; technical writing; graphic arts; and micrography. For computer program documentation see 61 Computer Programming and Software.

20060048208 Illinois Univ., Chicago, IL, USA Partnering for Patient Empowerment through Community Awareness. Facilitator’s Guide January 2006; 40 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NLM-N01-LM-1-3513 Report No.(s): PB2006-115665; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The Partnering for Patient Empowerment through Community Awareness, or PPECA project, brought together members of the community to develop a model to improve communication among key players regarding patient safety information--the consumer, the healthcare professional and the librarian--so that the best quality care is provided to patients; and to improve consumer awareness about patient safety and healthcare resources so that patients can better understand the importance of information and feel empowered to accept an active role in health care. NTIS Information Systems; Patients; Safety 20060048617 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA Standards Database Maintenance Phase II Horsmon, Jr, Albert W; Clapham, Scott B; Sep 9, 1997; 43 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453212; UMTRI-97-35; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453212; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The objective of the standards database projects has been to develop and maintain a compendium of standards (from international, national, government and regulatory bodies) that have relevance to the U.S. shipbuilding and repair industry. The 425

first project in the current series was reported as NSRP 0361. It had standards titles, numbers, and issuing organizations cross-referenced by Ship Work Breakdown Structure (SWBS) numbers. The second was NSRP 0456 and was intended as a follow-on to NSRP 0361, but the timing was such that 0456 was essentially a new database index. This report is another new database index of shipbuilding-related standards. It is an expanded and updated version of 0456 with over 37,000 (up from 17,000) standards listed. This database should provide shipyards and related marine industries with a ready reference to standards that are of use to shipbuilding, and avoid the development of new standards where acceptable standards exist. DTIC Data Bases; Maintenance; Standardization 20060048630 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA Managing Contention and Timing Constraints in a Real-Time Database System Lehr, Matthew R; Kim, Young-Kuk; Son, Sang H; Jan 1995; 11 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453233; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453233; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Previous work in real-time database management systems (RT-DBMS) has primarily based on simulation. This paper discusses how current real-time technology has been applied to architect an actual RT-DBMS on a real-time microkernel operating system. A real RT-DBMS must confront many practical issues which simulations typically ignore: race conditions, concurrency, and asynchrony. The challenge of constructing a RT-DBMS is divided into three basic problems: dealing with resource contention, dealing with data contention, and enforcing timing constraints. In this paper, we present our approaches to each problem. DTIC Data Bases; Real Time Operation 20060048747 Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan A Four-Component Decomposition of POLSAR Image Yamaguchi, Yoshio; Ishido, Motoi; Yamada, Hiroyoshi; Moriyama, Toshifumi; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453477; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453477; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) A four-component scattering model is proposed to decompose polarimetric synthetic aperture radar images. The covariance matrix approach is used to deal with the non-reflection symmetric scattering case. This scheme includes and extends the three-component decomposition method dealing with the reflection symmetry condition that the co-pol and the cross-pol correlations are close to zero. Circular polarization power is added as the fourth component to the three component scattering model which describes surface, double bounce, and volume scattering. This circular polarization term is added to take account of the co-pol and the cross-pol correlations which generally appear in complex urban area scatttering and disappear for natural distributed scatterer. DTIC Classifications; Decomposition; Land Use 20060048751 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Approach to Managing Innovation in the Public Sector Creighton, J W; Jolly, J A; Laner, Stephen; Jan 1985; 100 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453493; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453493; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This edited volume contains presentations from a symposium on technology transfer. Following an Introduction by J. W. Creighton, this edited volume contains the following chapters: Chapter 1, Management for Change, by P. A. Phelps; Chapter 2, A Focus on the Future, by Ross Whaley; Chapter 3, Getting More Done with Less, by Richard C. Fay; Chapter 4, Potential Contributions of Education to Technology Transfer, by Arthur Wilcox; Chapter 5, Emerging Innovations: Consideration for Implementation, by Stan Krugman and J. W. Creighton; Chapter 6, Matching Technology to Customers’ Needs, by Bob Frankenberg; Chapter 7, Technology Transfer for Enhanced RDT&E Effectiveness, by Milon Essoglou. DTIC Management Planning; Organizations; Technology Transfer; United States 426

20060048767 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Exploring Interactive Relevance Feedback With a Two-Pass Study Design Demner-Fushman, Dina; He, Daqing; Oard, Douglas W; Oct 2004; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-00-2-8910 Report No.(s): AD-A453566; LAMP-TR-116; CFAR-TR-1001; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453566; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Interactive query refinement is widely believed to improve the effectiveness of ranked retrieval but it can be difficult to leverage existing batch evaluation frameworks to quantify the relative benefits of alternative interaction designs. This paper uses the new two-pass interaction design of the Text Retrieval Conference’s High Accuracy Retrieval from Documents (HARD) track to explore the design space for cluster-based interactive relevance feedback. Two sites contributed two techniques for cluster formation and three techniques for cluster labeling. The effectiveness of each technique was compared with lower bounds based on blind relevance feedback, and with upper bounds found with oracle-based techniques. The clustering techniques were found to yield potential benefits, but the automatically constructed cluster labels were found not to support sufficiently accurate cluster selection. Elicitation of a desired cluster descriptor was found to significantly improve the effectiveness of a subsequent retrieval pass. These results indicate that the affordable two-pass study design used in the HARD track can yield useful insights to guide future design decisions. DTIC Feedback; Information Retrieval 20060048769 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Entropy, Perception, and Relativity Jaegar, Stefan; Apr 2006; 33 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA904-02-C-0406 Report No.(s): AD-A453569; LAMP-TR-131; CAR-TR-1012; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453569; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) In this paper, I expand Shannon’s definition of entropy into a new form of entropy that allows integration of information from different random events. Shannon’s notion of entropy is a special case of my more general definition of entropy. I define probability using a so-called performance function, which is de facto an exponential distribution. Assuming that my general notion of entropy reflects the true uncertainty about a probabilistic event, I understand that our perceived uncertainty differs. I claim that our perception is the result of two opposing forces similar to the two famous antagonists in Chinese philosophy: Yin and Yang. Based on this idea, I show that our perceived uncertainty matches the true uncertainty in points determined by the golden ratio. I demonstrate that the well-known sigmoid function, which we typically employ in artificial neural networks as a non-linear threshold function, describes the actual performance. Furthermore, I provide a motivation for the time dilation in Einstein’s Special Relativity, basically claiming that although time dilation conforms with our perception, it does not correspond to reality. At the end of the paper, I show how to apply this theoretical framework to practical applications. I present recognition rates for a pattern recognition problem, and also propose a network architecture that can take advantage of general entropy to solve complex decision problems. DTIC Entropy; Information Theory; Relativity 20060048770 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Detecting Potential Insider Threats Through Email Datamining Okolica, James; Mar 2006; 320 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453572; AFIT/GCS/ENG/06-10; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453572; Avail.: CASI: A14, Hardcopy Despite a technology bias that focuses on external electronic threats, insiders pose the greatest threat to commercial and government organizations. One means of preventing insider theft is by stopping potential insiders from actually crossing the line. In the overwhelming number of cases, people do not join an organization with the intention of stealing or causing harm. Instead, something or often several some things happen while the individual is in the organization that precedes his malevolent actions. One of the traits identified with insiders is their feeling of alienation from the organization. By data mining emails, an employee’s interests can be discerned. These interests are then used to construct social networks which are used to identify individuals with interests shared but undiscussed with other members of the organization. These individuals with clandestine interests have the potential to be insider threats. This paper describes the use of Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing (PLSI) extended to include users (PLSI-U) and Author Topic extended to include documents to determine topics of interest for 427

employees from their email activity. It then applies PLSI-U and Author Topic to the Enron email corpus. The results show that by comparing the topics of emails that people send internally with the ones sent externally, a small number of employees (0.03%-1.0%) emerge as having clandestine interests and the potential to become insider threats. Most significantly, one of these individuals is Sherron Watkins, the famous whistleblower in the Enron case. DTIC Data Mining; Detection; Electronic Mail; Information Retrieval 20060048917 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Document Image Understanding - 1997 Doermann, D; Oct 1998; 71 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA9049-C6-1250; EIA01-30422 Report No.(s): AD-A453642; LAMP-TR-025; CFAR-TR-897; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy This report contains nearly 500 references which are directly related to the field of document image understanding and appeared in major journals and conferences during 1997. Each reference is classified by major topic. Areas covered include, but are not limited to, preprocessing, models and representations, on-line recognition, off-line recognition, graphics recognition and interpretation, page processing, post-processing and special applications. A BibTeX version of the bibliography as well as search capabilities are available on-line at url http : //documents .cfar.umd. edu/biblio/. DTIC Character Recognition; Image Processing; Imaging Techniques 20060048970 New York Univ., NY USA Adding Numbers to Text Classification Macskassy, Sofus A; Hirsh, Hayn; Jan 2003; 8 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-01-2-0585 Report No.(s): AD-A453817; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Many real-world problems involve a combination of both text- and numerical-valued features. For example, in email classification, it is possible to use instance representations that consider not only the text of each message, but also numerical-valued features such as the length of the message or the time of day at which it was sent. Text-classification methods have thus far not easily incorporated numerical features. In earlier work we described an approach for converting numerical features into bags of tokens so that text classification methods can be applied to numerical classification problems, and showed that the resulting learning methods are competitive with traditional numerical classification methods. In this paper we use this as a way to learn on problems that involve a combination of text and numbers. We show that the results outperform competing methods. Further, we show that selecting a best classification method using text-only features and then adding numerical features to the problem (as might happen if numerical features are only later added to a pre-existing text-classification problem) gives performance that rivals a more time-consuming approach of evaluating all classification methods using the full set of both text and numerical features. DTIC Classifications; Information Retrieval; Learning; Machine Learning; Texts 20060048986 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Shock and Vibration Bulletin. No. 5 Schade, H A; Sep 1947; 81 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453850; NRL-S-3181; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This Bulletin, like any other technical periodical, is a medium for disseminating ideas and methods which are of interest to a specialized group. The material presented herein is intended to be helpful, in one way or another, to those engaged in the field of shock and vibration under the sponsorship of the Armed Forces. In order to reach the technician who really uses the Bulletin, it is essential (1) that those who select and assemble the material to be distributed know the general type of information which is in current demand; (2) that the information reach the worker promptly; (3) that the recipient of the information become, also, a contributor, either by presenting scientific papers for the publication or by discussing the material which is offered by others. DTIC Periodicals; Vibration 428

20060048987 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA Computerized Compendium of Standards Bunch, Howard M; Horsmon, Jr , Albert W; Hagemeister, Kurt W; Dec 18, 1992; 38 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453851; NSRP-0361; UMTRI-92-31; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The objective of this project was to develop a compendium of standards (international, national, military, and regulatory) that have relevance to the U.S. shipbuilding and repair industry. The intended benefits are to provide shipyards with a ready reference to standards that are of use to shipbuilding, and to eliminate the development of new standards where acceptable standards exist. DTIC Data Bases; Marine Technology; Ships

20060049004 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Computation of Delays in Acyclical Distributed Decisionmaking Organizations Jin, Victoria Y; Levis, Alexander H; Aug 1985; 21 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-83-K-0185; N00014-84-K-0519 Report No.(s): AD-A453888; LIDS-P-1488; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy An algorithm for computing time delays in a distributed decision making system is developed. Starting with a matrix representation of the organizational structure all possible information processing paths are scanned and the time delay associated with each one is computed. When the decision strategies are known, the expected delay of the overall system can be obtained. DTIC Algorithms; Data Processing; Decision Making; Decision Support Systems; Organizations

20060049148 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA Fast Erase Method and Apparatus For Digital Media Oakely, Ernest C., Inventor; May 23, 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 29 Jun. 2004; US-Patent-7,050,256; US-Patent-Appl-SN-885529; NASA-Case-NPO-40755; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049148; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy A non-contact fast erase method for erasing information stored on a magnetic or optical media. The magnetic media element includes a magnetic surface affixed to a toroidal conductor and stores information in a magnetic polarization pattern. The fast erase method includes applying an alternating current to a planar inductive element positioned near the toroidal conductor, inducing an alternating current in the toroidal conductor, and heating the magnetic surface to a temperature that exceeds the Curie-point so that information stored on the magnetic media element is permanently erased. The optical disc element stores information in a plurality of locations being defined by pits and lands in a toroidal conductive layer. The fast erase method includes similarly inducing a plurality of currents in the optical media element conductive layer and melting a predetermined portion of the conductive layer so that the information stored on the optical medium is destroyed. Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Conductors; Alternating Current; Optical Disks; Optical Data Storage Materials

20060049173 Ljubljana Univ., Ljubljana, Slovenia Human Perception and Objective Delay Evaluation of Multimedia Services Burnik, Urban; Tasic, Jurij F.; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 7-12; In Slovene; See also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources An important quality evaluation measure for interactive multimedia services is service latency. The paper proposes a quantitative function to measure human perception of service delay, gives an overview of human perception models, where the Weber s, Fechner s and Steven s models are described and illustrated, and presents a family of suitable continuous evaluation measures. Based on the existing knowledge on delay and latency requirements in telecommunication and multimedia services, a generalised evaluation function is proposed based on Steven s power law. Author Multimedia; Telecommunication; Perception 429

20060049223 Digital Mill, Inc., Portland, ME USA Games for Health 2005 Sawyer, Benjamin G; Oct 2005; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-05-1-0569 Report No.(s): AD-A453939; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453939; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Using the conference convening resources of the Games for Health Project, operated by Digital Mill, we worked to further advance TATRC goals and current efforts by helping TATRC network and exchange knowledge with the growing body of work in health and healthcare that involves commercial game technologies. Furthermore we used this effort to also bring together principal investigators of TATRC projects with the games for health community to further networking and collaboration opportunities. The results of this effort are being used to further inform future TATRC efforts, and to build a knowledgebase of activity and output from the games for health research community. Since games are increasingly leading and contributing to the baseline growth of simulation, modeling, and interactive training helping to bridge the cultural, technical, and development divides that exist between videogame-based organizations and non-videogame organizations is critical to the overall advancement of next-generation training, tele-medicine, and personal health tools. DTIC Games; Health; Telemedicine

20060049232 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Information Technology (IT) Management: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Homeland Security Act of 2002 Seifert, Jeffery W; Feb 3, 2005; 5 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453958; CRS-RS21260; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453958; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy The role of information technology (IT) figures prominently in the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296). Although most of these provisions are primarily focused on external information management (i.e., the department’s interactions with other departments and agencies), some internal information management provisions also are included to help address the challenges of absorbing the programs, personnel, and objectives now residing in other agencies. For example, Section 103 addresses an aspect of federal management, the creation of a Chief Information Officer (CIO), which was established for agencies under the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996. The law also outlines IT management duties for some of the Under Secretaries. Compared in relation to the Clinger-Cohen Act, the information technology management provisions raise some potential oversight issues, including the appointment and reporting requirements of the department-level CIO, overlapping IT management responsibilities between various departmental officials, and possible national security exemptions from Clinger-Cohen requirements. This report will be revised as congressional action requires. DTIC Data Processing; Information Management; Information Systems; Law (Jurisprudence); Management Planning; Security; United States

20060049240 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Defining Cyberspace as a USA Air Force Mission Woolley, Pamela L; Jun 2006; 55 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453972; AFIT/IC4/ENG/06-09; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453972; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The purpose of this research was to provide a common framework and language for the definition of cyberspace. Specifically, this project looked into three key areas: (1) What is cyberspace? (2) Why is cyberspace so unique and important? and (3) What are the U.S. Air Force’s cyberspace capabilities and mission areas? An extensive literature review indicates that the fundamental problem of defining cyberspace evolved as cyberspace evolved within each community in the Air Force. The culmination of this effect was an encompassing definition as well as a set of models to graphically depict cyberspace and its interactions with other information domains. DTIC Computer Networks; Interprocessor Communication; Pulse Communication; United States 430

20060049247 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC USA Defense Technologies: DOD’s Critical Technologies Lists Rarely Inform Export Control and other Policy Decisions Jul 2006; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453982; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453982; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Technological advantage is fundamental to U.S. military dominance in 21st-century warfare. Major acquisitions in the Department of Defense Defense’s (DOD) ongoing force transformation including manned and unmanned aircraft systems, networkcentric communications systems, and air and ground weapons rely on maintaining technological superiority. Failure to identify and protect critical technologies makes U.S. military assets vulnerable to cloning, neutralization, or other action that degrades current and anticipated capabilities. To help minimize these risks, DOD Dod’s Militarily Critical Technologies Program developed and periodically updates two lists of technologies the Militarily Critical Technologies List (MCTL) and the Developing Science and Technologies List (DSTL) each consisting of 20 sections. These lists are primarily intended to inform U.S. export control decisions, but can also help inform counterintelligence activities, research plans, and technology protection programs. As such, the MCTL and DSTL are considered fundamental to identifying technologies critical to national security that can help inform decisions to ensure U.S. technological advantage for the warfighter. Redefined national security threats, rapid technological advances, and increasing efforts by adversaries to gain access to U.S. military weapon system technology heighten the need to identify and protect militarily critical technologies. Given the importance of the MCTL and DSTL, you asked us to (1) assess the Militarily Critical Technologies Program’s process for updating the MCTL and DSTL and (2) determine how the lists are used to inform export control and DOD policy decisions. DTIC Forecasting; Military Technology; Policies

20060049248 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA The Challenges of Information Management in the Networked Battlespace: Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and the Warfighter Bass, Samuel D; Jun 2006; 63 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453983; AFIT/IC4/ENG/06-01; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453983; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The purpose of this research project was to explore how information is collected and used in the battlefield and identify areas of further research would help ease the burden of processing, managing and transmitting that information. The research included surveys of the intelligence analysis process and an exploration of some of the sources of data produced and consumed in the battlespace. The findings of this research led to the identification of several areas of research that could help warfighters deal with the problems posed by the DoD’s rapidly growing mountain of unorganized and unprocessed data. The culmination of the research is the development of the Integrity-Relevance-Classification Data Sharing Model and proposes areas for its future analysis and implementation. DTIC Classifications; Data Management; Information Management; Information Systems; Pilotless Aircraft

20060049249 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Course Curriculum Development for the Future Cyberwarrior Chacon, Mark A; Jun 2006; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453985; AFIT/IC4/ENG/06-02; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453985; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) On 7 December 2005, the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) changed the Air Force’s mission statement to include operations in Cyberspace. The implication of this change is that the Air Force will need to educate, train, and equip its forces to operate on this new battlefront. To this effect, IDE cyber warfare officers will need to understand the processes, technology, and legal ramifications of operating in this new realm. The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) is in a unique position to modify and develop new curricula to support the SECAF’s strategic vision. Because of its warfighting focus, AFIT can provide courses that optimally prepare future cyber warriors. This Graduate Research Project will focus on the demographics and types of courses needed to make a well rounded ‘cyber trooper.’ DTIC Armed Forces (United States); Education; Military Personnel; Personnel Development; Warfare 431

20060049250 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human Behavior Influence Models Puleo, Anthony J; Jun 2006; 121 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453987; AFIT/GCE/ENG/06-04; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453987; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy Insider threat is rapidly becoming the largest information security problem that organizations face. With large numbers of personnel having access to internal systems, it is becoming increasingly difficult to protect organizations from malicious insiders. The typical methods of mitigating insider threat are simply not working, primarily because this threat is a people problem, and most mitigation strategies are geared towards profiling and anomaly detection, which are problematic at best. As a result, a new type of model is proposed in this thesis, one that incorporates risk management with human behavioral science. The new risk-based model focuses on observable influences that affect employees, and identifies employees with increased risk of becoming malicious insiders. The model’s primary purpose is to differentiate malicious and non-malicious employees. This research details the need for the model, the model’s components, and how it works. The model is tested using an in-depth case study on Robert Hanssen, the FBI’s double agent who sold the Soviets secrets for more than 20 years. Implemented with the right tool, the new model has great potential for use by security personnel in their efforts to mitigate insider threat damage. DTIC Human Behavior; Organizations; Personnel; Risk; Security; Threat Evaluation 20060049279 BMT International, Inc., Columbia, MD USA Information System Models -- As A Tool for Shipyard Planning and Control (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) Odabasi, A Y; Patterson, D R; Sep 1989; 22 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454060; NSRP-0310; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454060; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) No abstract available Information Systems; Management Information Systems; Marine Technology; Ships; Shipyards 20060049320 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in the USA Briggs, Michael J; Borrero, Jose C; Synolakis, Costas E; Jan 2005; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454182; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454182; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper presents an update of the Corps of Engineers tsunami disaster mitigation research in the USA. Because the U.S. has not had any major tsunami disasters in many years, the Corps does not have a formal mission or policy for incorporating tsunami runup considerations in the design wave height for coastal structures. In the 1990’s the Corps Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory did participate in substantial physical modeling of tsunami runup on beaches, vertical walls, and islands, as part of the National Science Foundation’s Joint Tsunami Runup Study. These data have been extensively published and used by the international tsunami community to provide a better understanding of the physical phenomena and verify numerical models. The University of Southern California has recently been working with the Corps, and other federal and state agencies in California to develop tsunami inundation maps based on farfield and local tectonic and landslide sources. An example using the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in southern California is presented to illustrate the significance of these local co-seismic sources. DTIC Disasters; Hazards; Tsunami Waves; United States 20060049326 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Headline Generation for Written and Broadcast News Zajic, David; Dorr, Bonnie; Schwartz, Richard; Mar 2005; 23 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-97-C-8540 Report No.(s): AD-A454198; LAMP-TR-120; CS-TR-4698; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454198; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This technical report is an overview of work done on Headline Generation for written and broadcast news. The report 432

covers HMM Hedge, a statistical approach based on the noisy channel model, Hedge Trimmer, a parse-and-trim approach using linguistically motivated trimming rules, and Topiary, a combination of Trimmer and Unsupervised Topic Discovery. Automatic evaluation of summaries using ROUGE and BLEU is described and used to evaluate the Headline Generation systems. DTIC Broadcasting; Information Retrieval 20060049345 Air Force Research Lab., Rome, NY USA Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) Dussault, Jerry; Carozzoni, Joseph A; Miller, Janet; Triscari, Jr , Thomas; Walker, Ellen; Weigand, Kirk A; Tadda, George; Yaworsky, Paul S; Jun 2006; 63 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-558S Report No.(s): AD-A454273; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2006-217; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454273; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy A decision science working group (DSWG) was chartered by AFRL in 2002 to assess the state-of-the-art in the application of decision support science and technology (S&T); and to recommend ways to infuse the latest technologies and methodologies into the Air Force’s Information Systems S&T portfolio. This report presents a brief introduction to the field of decision science as it relates to defense command and control (C2) systems and the motivations which led to the establishment of the working group, the activities sponsored and undertaken by the DSWG are described, and the findings and recommendations of the working group are summarized. DTIC Command and Control; Decision Making; Decision Support Systems; Decision Theory; Information Systems 20060049392 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA NASA Scientific and Technical Information Standards October 2006; 184 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Report No.(s): NASA/SP-2006-6114; L-19298; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049392; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy This document presents general recommended standards for documenting scientific and technical information (STI) from a number of scientific and engineering disciplines. It is a companion publication to NASA SP-7084, ‘Grammar, Punctuation, and Capitalization: A Handbook for Technical Writers and Editors,’ and is intended primarily for STI personnel and publishing personnel within NASA and who support NASA STI publishing. Section 1 gives an overview of NASA STI publications. Section 2 discusses figure preparation considerations. Section 3 covers table design, and Section 4 gives information about symbols and math related to STI publishing. Section 5 covers units of measure. Section 6 discusses References, and Section 7 discusses electronic documents. Section 8 covers information related to the review of STI prior to publication; this covers both technical and dissemination review and approval, including data quality. Section 9 discusses printing and dissemination related to STI, and Section 10 gives abbreviations and acronyms used in the document. Author Documents; NASA Programs; Reports; Standards; Abbreviations; Handbooks 20060049409 TNO Telecom, Delft, Netherlands Extension of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Intelligibility with Vocoders Beerends, John G; van Wijngaarden, Sander; van Buuren, Ronald; Apr 1, 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454414; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454414; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Coders; Cognition; Data Bases; Intelligibility; Measurement; Speech Recognition; Vocoders 20060049447 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System Chen, Peter; Dean, Marjon; Ojoko-Adams, Don; Osman, Hassan; Lopez, Lilian; Xie, Nick; Mead, Nancy R; Dec 2004; 326 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 433

Report No.(s): AD-A454482; CMU/SEI-2004-SR-015; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454482; Avail.: CASI: A15, Hardcopy This report exemplifies the application of the System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) methodology developed by the Software Engineering Institute’s Networked Systems Survivability Program on an asset management application. An overview of the SQUARE process and the vendor is presented, followed by a description of the application under study. The nine-step process of requirements engineering is then explained, and feedback on its implementation is provided. The report concludes with a synopsis of the findings and recommendations for future work. This report is one of a series of reports resulting from research conducted by the SQUARE Team as part of an independent research and development project of the Software Engineering Institute. DTIC Computer Programming; Management Systems; Requirements; Security; Software Engineering; Systems Engineering 20060049455 Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering, Washington, DC USA Research and Engineering Information Available to the War Fighter Shaffer, Alan; Apr 3, 2006; 44 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454501; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454501; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Presentation on Research and Engineering Information Available to the War Fighter. Topics include: Intellectual capital balance-Globalization of science and technology; A quick look at disruptive technologies; How DTIC can help. DTIC Forecasting; Technology Assessment; Technology Transfer; Warfare 20060049462 Simulation Technology and Applied Research, Inc., Mequon, WI USA Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of High-Performance Vacuum Electronic Devices DeFord, J F; Held, B; Chemykova, L; Petillo, J; Aug 15, 2006; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-05-C-0375 Report No.(s): AD-A454540; STAAR-06-SBIR-ONR-T2; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454540; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Initial development of the multi-directional search (MDS) and differential evolution (DE) optimization methods is now complete, as is the initial user interface to these capabilities within the Analyst V8.1 software package that is presently in ‘beta’ form. The 8-processor Linux cluster purchased for the project has been used extensively during the past few months to test the optimization system, and has shown excellent performance with floating point computation rates exceeding 4 GFLOPS on some problems. The cluster has also recently been upgraded to 64GB of system memory, allowing solution of significantly larger problems. DTIC Computer Aided Design; Design Optimization; Floating Point Arithmetic; Vacuum; Vacuum Apparatus 20060049473 Army Construction Engineering Research Lab., Champaign, IL USA Proactive Options With Neighbors for Defense-Installation Sustainability Jun 2004; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454567; ERDC/CERL-TN-04-3; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454567; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Military installations and surrounding communities have historically functioned as independent entities with separate schools, libraries, parks and transportation systems. This is partly due to the conscious placement of military installations far from cities and towns because of installations’ need for vast tracks of land for training, airfields, and other specialized uses. Development near and around military installations is occurring at a rapid rate. As a result, communities have a much greater opportunity to share resources such as utilities, schools, and recreational facilities. However, land use conflicts between the installations and surrounding communities are on the rise because urban development near and around military installations can encroach upon the installation and disrupt its functions and training capabilities. Nearby communities often express concerns about safety, noise, night training, flight zones and other military activities that affect them. Installation and community planners commonly have a difficult time finding what others have done in response to the problems created by incompatible land use. Regional issues such as quality and availability of water, air quality, and management of habitat for 434

threatened and endangered species can affect the long-term sustainability of both the installation and surrounding communities. DTIC Installing; Land Use 20060049601 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA Customized Information Extraction as a Basis for Resource Discovery Hardy, Darren R; Schwartz, Michael F; Mar 1994; 25 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DABT63-93-C-0052; NSF-NCR91-05372 Report No.(s): AD-A454616; CU-CS-707-94; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Indexing file contents is a powerful means of helping users locate documents, software, and other types of data among large repositories. In environments that contain many different types of data, content indexing requires type-specific processing to extract information effectively. In this paper we present a model for type- specific, user-customizable information extraction, and a system implementation called Essence. This software structure allows users to associate specialized extraction methods with ordinary flies, providing the illusion of an object-oriented file system that encapsulates specialized indexing methods within files. By exploiting semantics of common file types, Essence generates compact yet representative file summaries that can be used to improve both browsing and indexing in resource discovery systems. Essence can extract information from most of the types of files found in common file systems, including files with nested structure (such as compressed ‘tar’ files). Essence interoperates with the Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS) system, allowing WAIS users to take advantage of the Essence information extraction methods. DTIC Computer Techniques; Extraction; Information Retrieval 20060049656 Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA USA Computing Trust from Revision History Zeng, Honglei; Alhossaini, Maher A; Ding, Li; Fikes, Richard; McGuinness, Deborah L; Jan 2006; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): HR0011-05-1-0019; 2003-H278-000-000 Report No.(s): AD-A454704; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy A new model of distributed, collaborative information evolution is emerging. As exemplified in Wikipedia, online collaborative information repositories are being generated, updated, and maintained by a large and diverse community of users. Issues concerning trust arise when content is generated and updated by diverse populations. Since these information repositories are constantly under revision, trust determination is not simply a static process. In this paper, we explore ways of utilizing the revision history of an article to assess the trustworthiness of the article. We then present an experiment where we used this revision history-based trust model to assess the trustworthiness of a chain of successive versions of articles in Wikipedia and evaluated the assessments produced by the model. DTIC Bayes Theorem; Computation; Information Systems; Models; Reliability 20060049661 Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA USA The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries Jan 9, 1998; 178 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454721; NSRP-0502; N1-96-4; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy The objective of this project was to perform a survey of U.S. shipyards and similar industries to determine what technologies are currently being implemented or planned to prevent or reduce air emissions and wastewater discharges from facility operations. The next objective was to develop a guide that shipyard environmental managers could use to perform a preliminary evaluation of technologies that may have application in their facilities. This document covers pollution prevention and control technologies for surface preparation, surface coating, cleaning operations, welding, and wastewater treatment. The information included in this report is summarized below: (1) summaries of pollution prevention and control technologies which include advantages, disadvantages, pollution prevention benefits, contact points, vendor information, and locations to obtain more technical information including case studies for industrial application and economic evaluations comparing the technology to less environmentally friendly alternatives, (2) locations to order or download (from the Internet) technical 435

papers and summaries on pollution prevention technologies, on-going technology projects, and regulations, and (3) results of the shipyard surveys which include an overview of the technologies that are currently being implemented in shipyard operations and recommendations for technologies currently being implemented. The information provided for each technology is based on the author’s interpretation of available literature and vendor information. This document does not intend to recommend one technology over another for a given application, but instead to provide a basis for comparable evaluations of technologies. It is left to the shipyard environmental manager to evaluate the available pollution prevention and/or pollution control technologies and determine which technologies best meets their needs. DTIC Air Pollution; Control Equipment; Industries; Marine Technology; Pollution Control; Quality Control; Resources; Ships; Shipyards; Surveys; Waste Water; Water Pollution; Water Quality

20060049693 SRI International Corp., Menlo Park, CA USA Online Query Relaxation via Bayesian Causal Structures Discovery Muslea, Ion; Lee, Thomas J; Jan 2005; 7 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NBCHD030010 Report No.(s): AD-A454771; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy We introduce a novel algorithm, TOQR, for relaxing failed queries over databases; i.e., over-constrained DNF queries that return an empty result. TOQR uses a small dataset to discover the implicit relationships among the domain attributes, and then it exploits this domain knowledge to relax the failed query. TOQR starts with a relaxed query that does not include any constraint, and it tries to add to it as many as possible of the original constraints or their relaxations. The order in which the constraints are added is derived from the domain’s causal structure, which is learned by applying the TAN algorithm to the small training dataset. Our experiments show that TOQR clearly outperforms other approaches: even when trained on a handful of examples, it successfully relaxes more that 97% of the failed queries; furthermore, TOQR’s relaxed queries are highly similar to the original failed query. DTIC Algorithms; Bayes Theorem; Queueing Theory

20060049696 Stottler Henke Associates, Inc., San Mateo, CA USA Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Military Domains Stottler, Dick; Fu, Daniel; Ramachandran, Sowmya; Jackson, Terresa; Jan 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454787; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper describes our experience in applying a generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) authoring tool to specific training applications. The Internet ITS Authoring Tool (IITSAT) was developed to greatly decrease the time to develop tactical decision-making ITSs and was based on the experience from several previous ITS projects. IITSAT allows ITS authors to organize course principles, articulate teaching methods, specify courseware, and develop a case base of scenarios for students along with a specification of how the student’s actions will be evaluated and his mastery of the required knowledge assessed. Every scenario defined in IITSAT must have an existing simulation. Evaluation of the correctness of actions and inference of the student’s knowledge may be performed by external code, or with libraries supplied with IITSAT. They support both the use of finite state machines (FSMs) to evaluate a student’s actions in a free play simulation, or comparison to correct and likely incorrect solutions for each scenario. There are several different instructional methods to choose from including who should control the sequence of instructional events - the student, the author, or the ITS and what that sequence should be. The FBCB2/Tactical Decision-Making ITS prototype teaches armor company commanders by presenting course material and examples, then testing the commander in tactical situations displayed as FBCB2 overlays or in a commercial tank simulator interfaced to the actual FBCB2 software and the ITS. By using IITSAT this ITS was developed in a small fraction of the time normally required. The FSMs successfully evaluated the student’s actions in the free play simulation. IISAT’s comparison libraries successfully evaluated a student’s battle plan with the addition of domain-specific code. IITSAT’s ITS engine could usually be specified to make appropriate instructional decisions. DTIC Decision Making; Domains; Education; Military Operations; Strategy 436

20060049701 Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA USA Combining Evidence from Homologous Datasets Feng, Ao; Allan, James; Aug 2006; 5 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): HR0011-06-C-0023 Report No.(s): AD-A454795; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) With Machine Translation and/or Automatic Speech Recognition, there can be different versions of the same data with distinct expressions. We argue that combining evidence from these ‘homologous’ datasets can give us better representation of the original data, and our experiments show that a model combining all sources outperforms each individual dataset in retrieval. DTIC Information Retrieval; Machine Translation; Quality

20060049702 Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA USA Evaluating the Quality of Query Refinement Suggestions in Information Retrieval Nallapati, Ramesh; Shah, Chirag; Jan 2006; 8 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): HR0011-06-C-0023; IIS-0527159 Report No.(s): AD-A454796; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Automatic suggestion of alternative terms to refine a user’s query is an effective technique to help the user quickly narrow down to his(her) specific information need. However, evaluating the effectiveness of these suggestions has remained quite subjective, with a vast majority of the past work relying on expensive user studies. In this work, we look at this problem from the IR perspective. We propose two objective measures that evaluate the quality of Query Refinement (QR) suggestions, based on the degree to which the documents retrieved by the QR suggestions, when used as queries, capture the overall sub-topical structure underlying the topic of the original query. The first measure, known as Maximum Matching Averaged Mean Average Precision (MM-AMAP) requires labeled documents for the sub-topics underlying the query’s topic. The second measure which we call Distinctness and MAP based F1 (DMAP-F1) requires only labeled documents that are relevant to the original query. We also define a series of simple QR suggestion techniques, each of which is intuitively better than the previous ones and evaluate them using our measures on TDT3 and TDT4 corpora. Our experiments show that our evaluation metrics numerically capture our intuitive expectations on performance, thus informally validating our measures. Further, we also show that the second metric DMAP-F1, that does not require sub-topic judgments, is consistent in results as well as statistically highly correlated with the first metric. This allows us to perform extensive evaluations of the quality of QR suggestion techniques on standard TREC collections in the future. DTIC Information Retrieval; Precision; Quality

20060049719 Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA USA Sentence Level Information Patterns for Novelty Detection Li, Xiaoyan; Jul 2006; 157 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-99-1-8912; N66001-1-8903 Report No.(s): AD-A454817; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A08, Hardcopy The detection of new information in a document stream is an important component of many potential applications. In this thesis, a new novelty detection approach based on the identification of sentence level information patterns is proposed. Given a user’s information need, some information patterns in sentences such as combinations of query words, sentence lengths, named entities and phrases, and other sentence patterns, may contain more important and relevant information than single words. The work of the thesis includes three parts. First, we redefine ‘what is novelty detection’ in the light of the proposed information patterns. Examples of several different types of information patterns are given corresponding to different types of user’s information need. Second, we analyze why the proposed information pattern concept has a significant impact in novelty detection. A thorough analysis of sentence level information patterns is elaborated on data from the TREC novelty tracks, including sentence lengths, named entities (NEs), and sentence level opinion patterns. Finally, we present how we perform novelty detection based on information patterns, which focuses on the identification of previously unseen query-related patterns in sentences. A unified pattern-based approach is presented to novelty detection for both specific NE topics and more general topics. Experiments on novelty detection were carried out on data from the TREC 2002, 2003 and 2004 novelty tracks. Experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance of novelty detection for both 437

specific and general topics, therefore the overall performance for all topics, in terms of precision at top ranks. Future research directions are suggested. DTIC Information Retrieval; Linguistics; Natural Language Processing; Sentences 20060049803 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal Classification Learned, Rachel E; Karl, William C; Willsky, Alan S; Jan 2006; 5 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-92-J-0002; DAAL03-02-G-0115 Report No.(s): AD-A454915; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Non-stationary signals are not well suited for detection and classification by traditional Fourier methods. An alternate means of analysis needs to be employed so that valuable time-frequency information is not lost. The wavelet packet transform is one such time-frequency analysis tool. This paper summarizes which examine the feasibility of applying the wavelet packet transform to automatic transient signal classification through the development of a classification algorithm for biologically generated underwater acoustic signals in ocean noise. The formulation of a wavelet packet based feature set specific to the classification of snapping shrimp and whale clicks is given. DTIC Classifications; Signal Processing; Wavelet Analysis 20060049863 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Database Server for High-Assurance Time-Critical Applications Son, Sang H; Beckinger, Robert C; Baker, David A; Jan 1997; 7 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454995; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Many real-time database systems are now being used in safety-critical applications, in which human lives or expensive machinery may be at stake. Transactions in real-time databases should be scheduled considering both data consistency and timing constraints. In addition, a real-time database must adapt to changes in the operating environment and guarantee the completion of critical tasks. The effects of scheduling decisions and concurrency control mechanisms for real-time database systems have typically been demonstrated in a simulated environment. In this paper we present a functional real-time database server; called DRDB, which provides an operational platform for research in distributed real-time database issues. DTIC Data Bases; Real Time Operation; Time Dependence 20060050001 Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA USA Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Use among Elite U.S. Army Soldiers Bovill, Maria E; Tharion, William J; Lieberman, Harris R; Dec 2003; 5 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454950; M02-59; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy A U.S. Army Special Forces (SF) unit was studied to determine the characteristics of those who were dietary supplement users, assess their nutrition knowledge, and identify the nutrition information sources they use. SF-qualified (n=119) and non-SF, support soldiers (n=38) participated in the study. Results show that most soldiers (87%) reported current supplement use with more SF (90%) than non-SF, support soldiers (76%) using supplements (p \h/= 0.05). Supplements that SF soldiers reported using most were multivitamins, sports bars or sports drinks, and vitamin C. The mean nutrition knowledge score for all soldiers was 48.5 +/- 15.2% correct responses. Most soldiers incorrectly believe that protein is used for short-term athletic events (64%) and that vitamins provide energy (58%). The most common information sources reportedly used were popular magazines and books (75%), friends and team mates (55%), physicians and nurses (34%), radio and television (34%), and the internet (31%) DTIC Augmentation; Diets; Military Personnel; Nutrition 20060050012 Stottler Henke Associates, Inc., Seattle, WA USA Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensitive Information through Bottleneck Monitoring Goan, Terrance; Broadhead, Matthew; Jan 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NBCHC-03-0077 Report No.(s): AD-A454839; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy 438

The insider threat has proved a tough nut to crack. Previous work in this area has been dominated by efforts to model normal user behavior through statistical measures and then detect substantial anomalies. Unfortunately, while these methods have shown some ability in the detection of masqueraders, broader applications have proved ineffectual due to extremely high false alarm rates. In this paper, the authors describe an alternative approach, Stochastic Long-String Analysis with Feedback (SL-SAFE), that can achieve high levels of accuracy in detecting the unauthorized access and distribution of sensitive/ proprietary information by insiders -- the single most costly type of computer crime. SL-SAFE succeeds in this task by means of a stochastic sampling of bottlenecks through which information must flow to be useful to the malicious insider. Further, it achieves a low (and shrinking) false alarm rate by validating its suspicions through public information sources and eliciting feedback from the information owner. DTIC Access Control; Detection; Expert Systems; Information Management; Numerical Control; Organizations; Security; Sensitivity

20060050013 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Evaluation of Potential JHSV Port and Alternative Offload Sites in Coastal North Carolina Morang, Andrew; Resio, Donald T; Aug 2006; 60 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453994; ERDC/CHL-TR-06-4; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453994; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The purpose of this study was to evaluate conventional (port) and nonconventional offload sites for the Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV) in coastal North Carolina, and compare the potential throughput rates at these sites to throughput rates typical of Joint Logistics over the Shore (JLOTS) operations conducted in exercises in Camp Lejeune. North Carolina was selected as a test site both due to its proximity to Camp Lejeune and also because of its environmental (geomorphic) similarity to many coastal regions in Asia. Another goal was to evaluate the quality and appropriateness of maps, bathymetry data, and aerial photography from various sources to conduct offload alternatives studies with the intent of eventually applying these techniques to other (overseas) sites. The analysis of offload sites demonstrated that the total length of shoreline suitable for the JHSV to unload in North Carolina was surprisingly limited. In the Cape Fear River estuary, the total length accessible either directly or via 180-m causeway was 27.9 km; in Morehead City/Beaufort area, 5.4 km; and in Masonboro Inlet, 1.0 km. The reasons for the limited access are both geological and developmental. On this low-gradient, soft sediment, trailing edge coast, only these three inlets are dredged deep enough to accommodate the JHSV, which requires a channel of 4.6 m. Once within the inlets, the only water deep enough for the JHSV is in the dredged navigation channels and some naturally-deep areas near the mouth of the Cape Fear River. Finally, offload sites must be within a suitable distance from paved roads or railroads (in this analysis, 150 m), and these sites, too, proved to be unexpectedly limited. Despite the flexibility of the JHSV, planners considering operations in lesser developed parts of the world will have to contend with even more limited infrastructure, along with geological and oceanographic constraints. DTIC Coasts; Geographic Information Systems; North Carolina

20060050158 Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center, San Diego, CA USA NRaD Writing and Editorial Guidelines. Revision 1 Jul 1994; 77 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454232; NRAD-TD-1064; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454232; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy This document contains general and detailed writing guidelines. The general guidelines are included for engineers, scientists, technicians, and administrators who must write as an adjunct to their main tasks. The detailed guidelines are intended to help writers and editors consistently use good writing practices; however, everyone is encouraged to use these detailed guidelines to help prepare their project reports and associated documentation. Please keep in mind that these writing guidelines must be applied with a certain degree of flexibility. Exceptions will often occur, and ample room is left for individual initiative and discretion. DTIC Technical Writing; Education 439

20060050161 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA Information Sharing for Homeland Security: A Brief Overview Relyea, Harold C; Seifert, Jeffrey W; Jan 10, 2005; 39 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A454030; CRS-RL32597; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454030; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, various recommendations and efforts have been made with the intention of improving information sharing among government entities at all levels within the USA, the private sector, and certain foreign governments, with a view to countering terrorists and strengthening homeland security. The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the USA (9/11 Commission) was among those to have most recently offered recommendations in this regard in its July 22, 2004, report. The types of information potentially within the scope of such sharing include raw data, which has undergone little or no assessment regarding its accuracy or implications; knowledge, which has been determined to have a high degree of reliability or validity; and intelligence, which has been carefully evaluated concerning its accuracy and significance, and may sometimes be credited in terms of its source. This report reviews some of the principal existing homeland security information sharing arrangements, as well as some projected arrangements in this regard, and discusses related policy, evaluations, and proposed legislation. It will be updated as events warrant. DTIC Security; Information Dissemination

20060050178 California Univ., Davis, CA, USA, California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, USA HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices Gosink, L.; Shalf, J.; Stockinger, K.; Wu, K.; Bethel, W.; January 2006; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881620; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) In this paper we present a novel approach called HDF5-FastQuery to accelerate the data access of large HDF5 files by introducing multi-dimensional semantic indexing. Our implementation leverages an efficient indexing technology called bitmap indexing that has been widely used in the database community. Bitmap indices are especially well suited for interactive exploration of large-scale read-only data. Storing the bitmap indices into the HDF5 file has the following advantages: (a) significant performance speedup of accessing subsets of multi-dimensional data and (b) portability of the indices across multiple computer platforms. NTIS Data Base Management Systems; Data Structures; Information Retrieval; Query Languages

20060050180 California Univ., Davis, CA, USA, California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, USA HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices Gosink, L.; Shalf, J.; Stockingetr, K.; Wu, K.; Bethel, W.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881619; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Efficient analysis of large scientific datasets often requires a means to rapidly search and interesting portions of data based on ad-hoc search criteria. The author presents his work on integrating an efficient searching technology named FastBit with HDF5. NTIS Data Base Management Systems; Information Retrieval; Data Retrieval; Searching

20060050214 NATO Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy The Dynamics of Information Fusion: Synthetic Versus Misassociation Kessel, Ronald T; Aug 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454749; NURC-PR-2006-003; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy No abstract available Multisensor Fusion; Information Theory 440

20060050230 Manchester Informatics Ltd, UK Efficient Reasoning with Large Knowledge Bases Voronkov, Andrei; Jul 13, 2005; 4 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-04-1-3007 Report No.(s): AD-A454459; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454459; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy This report results from a contract tasking Manchester Informatics Ltd as follows: The grantee will investigate relevance determination for reasoning on systems that contain more than 100,000 first-order axioms. Relevance determination refers to techniques for examining very large knowledge bases to distinguish between relevant, possibly relevant, and not relevant information. The best existing approaches (from other researchers) are unable to cope with knowledge bases of 10,000 axioms. He will investigate these techniques in two phases. First, at six-months he will deliver an extension to his existing system, Vampire, capable of resolving queries within seconds on knowledge bases over 30,000 axioms. By the conclusion of the research, he will improve his relevance filtering techniques to enable Vampire to reason on knowledge bases with over 100,000 axioms within seconds. Complete details described in the attached technical proposal. We tested the new strategy again to find out inconsistencies in SUMO 1.72 with row variables expanded to sequences of the length 50 (that is, a knowledge base with about 30,000 first-order axioms). When we used the negation of an axiom causing inconsistency as the query, inconsistency was always proved in less than one second. We believe query answering can be done much faster in less than 0.1 second. Our experiments discovered the following problem. When a knowledge base contains many similar atoms (e.g., ground facts with the instance predicate) just passing the knowledge base to Vampire’s kernel may take over a second. After profiling, we have found out that the time is essentially spent not on query answering at all but on building some indexes. Indexes in Vampire were not designed with the aim of handling large signatures and should be reimplemented for experiments with anthologies. Moreover, we think that indexes should be pre-compiled rather than built by the kernel. However, this is a subject for a future research. DTIC Information Retrieval; Knowledge Bases (Artificial Intelligence)

85 TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION AND SURFACE TRANSPORTATION 20060050014 National Defense Univ., Washington, DC USA Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited Lyons, John W; Long, Duncan; Chait, Richard; Jul 2006; 39 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A454087; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454087; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This paper seeks to identify the Critical Technology Events (CTEs) in the development of the Stinger and the Javelin missiles. CTEs are ideas, concepts, models, and analyses, including key technical and managerial decisions, that have had major impacts on the development of a specific weapons system. It is the third paper in a series that examines key factors that have led to meaningful technology generation and ultimate incorporation into current U.S. Army weapons systems. The first papers in the series focused on the Abrams tank and the Apache helicopter. This paper turns to two technologically advanced infantry weapons: the Stinger and the Javelin. These armaments have different roles in the arsenal, but they are both man-portable, fire-and-forget missiles whose development posed some unique challenges. A fourth and final paper in the series will summarize the findings of these three reports and offer recommendations for managing the Army’s Science & Technology portfolio. The authors begin their study of the development of these two missile systems by briefly reviewing a project that served as a source of inspiration for these efforts: Project Hindsight, a 1969 Defense Department (DoD) report. Hindsight was an in-depth study sponsored by the Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E) that provided some insights into the development of approximately 20 weapons systems. This review of Hindsight is followed by a description of the methodology that they used to gather key data on the development of the Stinger and the Javelin. Then, for each missile, they first present a brief description of the system and history of the program. The information that they have gathered is then broken out by major technical development areas (i.e., seeker, guidance/control, propulsion/warhead) and presented in terms of CTEs. The final portion of the paper presents findings and concluding remarks that draw on the CTEs in the development of both missiles. DTIC Antiaircraft Missiles; Antitank Missiles; Fires; Military Technology; Missiles; Project Management; Weapon Systems 441

88 SPACE SCIENCES (GENERAL) Includes general research topics related to the natural space sciences. For specific topics in space sciences see categories 89 through 93.

20060047813 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, MN, USA The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the HST/STIS Martin, John C.; Davidson, Kris; The 2005 HST Calibration Workshop Hubble After the Transition to Two-Gyro Mode; March 2006, pp. 255-259; In English; See also 20060047796; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): GO-9420; GO-9973; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The HST Eta Carinae Treasury Project made extensive use of the HST/STIS from 1998 to the time of its failure in 2004. As one of the most prolific users of that instrument, the Treasury Project used the cross-dispersed spatial resolution of the STIS as few projects did. We present several enhancements to the existing STIS data reduction methods that are applicable to non-Treasury Project data in the STIS archive. Author Hubble Space Telescope; Variable Stars; Spaceborne Telescopes; Imaging Techniques; Spectrographs 20060048223 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA The Exploration Water Recovery System ORourke, Mary Jane E.; Carter, Layne; Holder, Donald W.; Tomes, Kristin M.; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; 36th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 17-20 Jul. 2006, Norfolk, VA, USA; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only The Exploration Water Recovery System is designed towards fulfillment of NASA s Vision for Space Exploration, which will require elevation of existing technologies to higher levels of optimization. This new system, designed for application to the Exploration infrastructure, presents a novel combination of proven air and water purification technologies. The integration of unit operations is modified from that of the current state-of-the-art water recovery system so as to optimize treatment of the various waste water streams, contaminant loads, and flow rates. Optimization is achieved primarily through the removal of volatile organic contaminants from the vapor phase prior to their absorption into the liquid phase. In the current state-of-the-art system, the water vapor in the cabin atmosphere is condensed, and the volatile organic contaminants present in that atmosphere are absorbed into the aqueous phase. Removal of contaminants the5 occurs via catalytic oxidation in the liquid phase. Oxidation kinetics, however, dictate that removal of volatile organic contaminants from the vapor phase can inherently be more efficient than their removal from the aqueous phase. Taking advantage of this efficiency reduces the complexity of the water recovery system. This reduction in system complexity is accompanied by reductions in the weight, volume, power, and resupply requirements of the system. Vapor compression distillation technology is used to treat the urine, condensate, and hygiene waste streams. This contributes to the reduction in resupply, as incorporation of vapor compression distillation technology at this point in the process reduces reliance on the expendable ion exchange and adsorption media used in the current state-of-the-art water recovery system. Other proven technologies that are incorporated into the Exploration Water Recovery System include the Trace Contaminant Control System and the Volatile Removal Assembly. Author Water Reclamation; Water Vapor; Cabin Atmospheres; Liquid Phases; Vapor Phases; Flow Velocity; Reaction Kinetics; Space Exploration 20060048518 DEIMOS Engenharia, Lisbon, Portugal Design and Implementation of Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Separated Space Interferometry Penin, Luis F.; Araujo, Joao; Avila, Nuno; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Separated Space Interferometers require performing different type of maneuvers during their lifetime: resizing, rotating and slewing. They shall be conducted within a given period while maintaining a constrained formation. Moreover, the maneuvers and their implementation must be designed considering fuel expenditure optimization at formation level and its balancing between the different satellites. This paper first presents the generic concept of an FF centralized architecture. Within this architecture a set of algorithms for centralized optimal formation planning and coordination are designed. They consider operational constraints (i.e. relative navigation) and are valid upon real mission conditions (i.e. perturbations and inter-satellite 442

link) and suitable for on-board implementation. They have been tuned, validated and benchmarked on a detailed Formation Flying Functional Simulator customized for the Formation Reconfiguration Mode of the ESA s Darwin mission, consisting on a formation of 7 satellites around L2 Author Formation Flying; Maneuvers; Interferometry; Coordination; Rotation; Navigation; Perturbation 20060048524 EADS Astrium Ltd., Toulouse, France GNC System for the Deployment and Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Interferometer Boulade, S.; Davidson, M.; Ankersen, F.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document ESA’s DARWIN Mission is to accomplish the unprecedented challenge of finding Earth-like planets orbiting nearby stars. To tell apart the planet from its blinding sun, the system relies upon nulling interferometry: the light collected by six free-flying telescopes is recombined inside a central hub, in a way that the beams from the star are nulled, while those from the planet interfere constructively. The diameter (50 to 500 m) of the free-flying interferometer is determined by the need for angular resolution. In contrast, the differences in optical pathlength between the incoming beams must be kept below 5 nm. The article provides highlights on the results of the ongoing ICD and ICC studies for ESA. Reference GNC architectures are presented for the Deployment phase of the constellation and for the Fine Control of the interferometer in science mode. Author Angular Resolution; Interferometers; Earth Orbits; Planets; Sun 20060048525 College of France, France PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope Concept and its Applications at Different Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000 Km) Labeyrie, Antoine; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 46 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Conclusions and future work include: a) Large gains in observing power possible by applying formation flight techniques to hypertelescopes; b) Snapshot images with milli- , micro- and nano-arc-second resolution obtainable in principle; c) A long-term goal : bubble arrays, static with moving focal free-flyers; d) Compact solar sails of interest for nearly static elements; e) More agile free-flyers needed for focal optics; and f). Early testing desirable with low-cost arrays Derived from text Solar Sails; Interferometers; Mirrors; Imaging Techniques; Telescopes 20060048532 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Wessling, Germany Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Control for Satellite Formations Arbinger, Christian; DAmico, Simone; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 11 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The growing interest in earth observation missions equipped with space-borne optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors drives the accuracy requirements with respect to orbit determination and control. Especially SAR interferometry with its capability to resolve the velocity of on-ground objects (e.g. for traffic monitoring, ocean currents and glacier monitoring) and to determine highly precise digital elevation models is of significant interest for scientific applications. These goals may be achieved using along-track and repeat-pass interferometry with a satellite formation, based on the precise orbit control of one satellite with respect to the osculating trajectory of the second satellite. Such a control concept will be realized by the German TerraSAR-X mission, with an expected launch in 2006, using a virtual formation, where a single satellite will be controlled in a tight manner with respect to a predefined osculating reference trajectory. This is very challenging, since common orbit disturbances, like for close twin formations, do not cancel out in this scenario. The predefined trajectory in the TerraSAR-X case could also be the orbit of a second satellite. The paper describes the generation of such a virtual reference orbit, discusses the ground-in-the-loop control concept and presents results from a long-term simulation. Author Synthetic Aperture Radar; Interferometry; Natural Satellites; Earth Observations (From Space); Accuracy; Trajectories; Orbit Determination 443

20060048550 North Dakota Univ., Grand Forks, ND, USA Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft Formations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular Libration Points McLaughlin, Craig A.; Catlin, Kathryn; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 18 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document The absolute and differential perturbations are examined for spacecraft formations near the Earth-Moon triangular libration points. Numerical integration of the full equations of motion including all relevant perturbations is used as a truth model. The relative effects of various perturbations are determined for a variety of spacecraft separations. Solar point mass effects are by far the largest perturbation to the Earth-Moon three body dynamics. Solar radiation pressure and Earth oblateness are the next largest perturbations. Author Perturbation; Numerical Integration; Equations of Motion; Libration 20060048551 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed Wette, Matthew; Sohl, Garett; Scharf, Daniel; Benowitz, Edward; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 10 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document Formation flying for spacecraft is a rapidly developing field that will enable a new era of space science. For one of its missions, the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) project has selected a formation flying interferometer design to detect earth-like planets orbiting distant stars. In order to advance technology needed for the TPF formation flying interferometer, the TPF project has been developing a distributed real-time testbed to demonstrate end-to-end operation of formation flying with TPF-like functionality and precision. This is the Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed (FAST) . This FAST was conceived to bring out issues in timing, data fusion, inter-spacecraft communication, inter-spacecraft sensing and system-wide formation robustness. In this paper we describe the FAST and show results from a two-spacecraft formation scenario. The two-spacecraft simulation is the first time that precision end-to-end formation flying operation has been demonstrated in a distributed real-time simulation environment. Author Formation Flying; Algorithms; Terrestrial Planets; Earth Orbits; Interferometers; Multisensor Fusion; Real Time Operation; Detection 20060049068 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guidebook Allen, Carl; August 18, 2006; 19 pp.; In English; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049068; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy In January 2006, the Stardust spacecraft returned the first in situ collection of samples from a comet, and the first samples of contemporary interstellar dust. Stardust is the first US sample return mission from a planetary body since Apollo, and the first ever from beyond the moon. This handbook is a basic reference source for allocation procedures and policies for Stardust samples. These samples consist of particles and particle residues in aerogel collectors, in aluminum foil, and in spacecraft components. Contamination control samples and unflown collection media are also available for allocation. Derived from text Cosmic Dust; Interstellar Matter; Samples; Comets; Laboratory Astrophysics; Laboratories; Research Facilities; Handbooks 20060049139 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA Challenges of Human Space Flight Davis, Jeffrey R.; Charles, John B.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; X-Prize Cup Competition, 20-21 Oct. 2006, Las Cruces, Mexico; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only The presentations will be given during the X-Prize symposium, exploring the multi-faceted dimensions of spaceflight ranging from the technical developments necessary to achieve safe routine flight to and from and through space to the new personal business opportunities and economic benefits that will open in space and here on Earth. The symposium will delve into the technical, regulatory, market and financial needs and challenges that must be met in charting and executing the incremental developments leading to Personal Spaceflight and the opening of a Place Called Space. The presentation covers 444

facets of human space flight including descriptions of life in space, the challenges of delivering medical care in space, and the preparations needed for safe and productive human travel to the moon and Mars. Author Manned Space Flight; Moon; Mars (Planet); Aerospace Medicine 20060049142 NASA, Washington, DC, USA Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing Mission April 1994; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): MOR-S-458-61-93-02; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049142; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Space Shuttle mission STS-61 was the first of several planned servicing missions for HST, intended to periodically replace failed components and upgrade scientific instruments with improved versions to keep the telescope viable and productive throughout its planned 15-year lifetime. This First Servicing Mission was also intended to correct several design flaws that were detected shortly after the launch of HST. There were three overall mission objectives for the STS-61 repair mission: 1) To Restore the Planned Scientific Capabilities: One complexity of the First Servicing Mission was the necessity for adding optical elements in the light path to correct the spherical aberration. These corrective optics were required to provide the quantitative science capability to enable key scientific programs to be carried out as originally planned. The addition of the COSTAR and the installation of WFPC2 both contributed to recovering these capabilities. 2) To Restore the Reliability of Vehicle Systems: Failed or degraded components had depleted some of the original subsystem redundancy, which had to be restored to allow continued science operations until the next servicing mission in 1997. Anomalous components that required servicing included the solar arrays, gyroscope sensing units, gyroscope electronics, magnetometers, solar array drive electronics, and electrical fuses. 3) To Validate the On-Orbit Servicing Concept for HST: Validation of the concept of on-orbit servicing as the way to achieve HST’s full 15-year life was required to provide a foundation for future servicing missions. Derived from text Hubble Space Telescope; Electronic Control; Gyroscopes; Space Shuttle Missions; Solar Arrays; Magnetometers; Detection 20060049784 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Gyroscopic Control and Stabilization Wang, Li-Sheng; Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1991; 59 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0105; NSF-CDR-88-03012 Report No.(s): AD-A454891; SRC-TR-91-51R1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy In this paper, the authors consider the geometry of gyroscopic systems with symmetry, starting from an intrinsic Lagrangian viewpoint. They note that natural mechanical systems with exogenous forces can be transformed into gyroscopic systems when the forces are determined by a suitable class of feedback laws. To assess the stability of relative equilibria in the resultant feedback systems, they extend the energy-momentum block-diagonalization theorem of Simo, Lewis, Posbergh, and Marsden to gyroscopic systems with symmetry. They illustrate the main ideas using the example of two coupled rigid bodies with internal rotors. The energy-momentum method yields computationally tractable stability criteria in this and other examples. DTIC Celestial Mechanics; Control Theory; Feedback; Feedback Control; Geometry; Gyroscopes; Nonlinear Systems; Symmetry 20060050238 Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC, USA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Steps Remain in Incorporating Lessons Learned from Other Satellite Programs [2006]; 46 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Report No.(s): GAO-06-993; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy NOAA is nearing the end of the preliminary design phase of its GOES-R system which was estimated to cost $6.2 billion and scheduled to have the first satellite ready for launch in 2012. It expects to award a contract in August 2007 to develop this system. However, according to program officials, NOAA s plans for the GOES-R procurement could change in the near future. Recent analyses of the GOES-R program cost which in May 2006 the program office estimated could reach $11.4 billion have led the agency to consider reducing the scope of requirements for the satellite series. NOAA officials estimated that a decision on the future scope and direction of the program could be made by the end of September 2006. NOAA has taken steps to implement lessons learned from past satellite programs, but more remains to be done. Prior satellite programs 445

including a prior GOES series, a polar-orbiting environmental satellite series, and various military satellite programs often experienced technical challenges, cost overruns, and schedule delays. Key lessons from these programs include the need to (1) establish realistic cost and schedule estimates, (2) ensure sufficient technical readiness of the system s components prior to key decisions, (3) provide sufficient management at government and contractor levels, and (4) perform adequate senior executive oversight to ensure mission success. NOAA has established plans to address these lessons by conducting independent cost estimates, performing preliminary studies of key technologies, placing resident government offices at key contractor locations, and establishing a senior executive oversight committee. However, many steps remain to fully address these lessons. Until it completes these activities, NOAA faces an increased risk that the GOES-R program will repeat the increased cost, schedule delays, and performance shortfalls that have plagued past procurements. Derived from text Geosynchronous Orbits; Satellite Design; GOES Satellites; NOAA Satellites 20060050249 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insulation for the External Tank Return to Flight Walker, James L.; Richter, Joel D.; [2006]; 7 pp.; In English; American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Joint Propulsion Conference, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050249; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy Nondestructive evaluation methods have been developed to identify defects in the foam thermal protection system (TPS) of the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET). Terahertz imaging and backscatter radiography have been brought from prototype lab systems to production hardened inspection tools in just a few years. These methods have been demonstrated to be capable of detecting void type defects under many inches of foam which, if not repaired, could lead to detrimental foam loss. The evolution of these methods from lab tools to implementation on the ET will be discussed. Author External Tanks; Foams; Insulation; Nondestructive Tests; Space Flight; Space Shuttles 89 ASTRONOMY Includes observations of celestial bodies; astronomical instruments and techniques; radio, gamma-ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, and infrared astronomy; and astrometry.

20060048168 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA GLAST Tracker May 2006; 10 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881960; SLAC-PUB-11833; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Gamma-ray Large-Area Space Telescope (GLAST) is a pair-conversion gamma-ray detector designed to explore the gamma-ray universe in the 20 MeV--300 GeV energy band. The Tracker subsystem of the LAT will perform tracking of electron and positrons to determine the origin of the gamma-ray. The design and performance of the GLAST LAT Tracker are described in this paper. NTIS Gamma Ray Telescopes; Gamma Rays; Spaceborne Telescopes; Telescopes 20060048188 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer Abbas, M. M.; LeClair, A.; Flasar, F. M.; Kunde, V. G.; Conrath, B. J.; Coustenis, A.; Jennings, D. J.; Nixon, C. A.; Brasunas, J.; Achterberg, R. K., et al.; January 2006; 1 pp.; In English; 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, 16-23 Jul. 2006, Beijing, China; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) aboard the Cassini spacecraft has been making observations during the fly-bys of Titan since the Saturn-Orbit-Insertion in July 2004. The observations provide infrared them1 emission spectra of Titan s atmosphere in three spectral channels covering the 10/cm to 1400/cm spectral region, with variable spectral resolutions of 0.53/cm and 2.8/cm. The uniquely observed spectra exhibit rotational and vibrational-rotational spectral lines of the molecular constituents of Titan s atmosphere that may be analyzed to retrieve information about the composition, thermal structure, and physical and dynamical processes in the remotely sensed atmosphere. We present an analysis of Titan’s infrared spectra observed during July 2004 (TO), December 2004 (Tb) and February 2005 (T3), for retrieval of the stratospheric 446

thermal structure, distribution of the hydrocarbons, nitriles, and oxygen bearing constituents, such as C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H8, HCN, HC3N, CO, and CO2 . Preliminary results on the distribution and opacity of haze in Titan s atmosphere are discussed. Author Titan Atmosphere; Cassini Mission; Infrared Spectrometers; Infrared Spectra; Temperature Distribution; Spectrum Analysis; Remote Sensing; Atmospheric Composition 20060048474 National Optical Astronomy Observatories, Tucson, AZ, USA, National Solar Observatory, Tucson, AZ, USA NOAO/NSO Newsletter: Issue 87 September 2006; 42 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Amongst other summaries of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory/Natonal Solar Observatory activities that are summarized, the science highlights in this issue are: IRAC Shallow Survey of the NDWFS Bootes Field, Filling in the Gaps: WIYN + Hydra Explores Changing Carbon Abundances in Globular Clusters, A 6100-Gauss Sunspot Emerges, and An Active Chromosphere on a 55 Jupiter-Mass Object. CASI Solar Observatories; Astronomical Observatories; Periodicals; Telescopes 20060049144 NASA, Washington, DC, USA Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer - Shuttle Pallet Satellite (ORFEUS-SPAS) January 1993; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049144; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The objective of the ORFEUS mission is to launch a deployable/retrievable astronomical platform and obtain ultraviolet spectra for both astrophysically interesting sources and the intervening interstellar medium. Also, the IMAX cameras will obtain footage of both the Shuttle and the ORFEUS-SPAS satellite during the deployment/retrieval operations phase of the ORFEUS-SPAS mission. Derived from text Ultraviolet Spectra; Deployment; Astronomy; Interstellar Matter; Launching 20060050115 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA SalSA: A Teraton UHE Neutrino Detector Reil, K.; Feb. 2006; 8 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881540; SLAC-PUB-11671; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The observed spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays virtually guarantees the presence of ultra-high energy neutrinos due to their interaction with the cosmic microwave background. Unlike cosmic rays, each of these neutrinos will point back directly to its source and will arrive at the Earth unattenuated, from sources perhaps as distant as z = 20. The neutrino telescopes currently under construction, should discover a handful of these events, probably too few for detailed study. This paper describes how an array of VHF and UHF antennas embedded in a large salt dome, SalSA (Salt dome Shower Array) promises to yield a teraton detector (\g 500 km(sup 3 sr)) for contained neutrino events with energies above 10(sup 17) eV. The simulations show that such detector may observe several hundreds of these neutrinos over its lifetime with excellent angular resolution providing source locations. NTIS Neutrinos; Cosmic Rays; Interstellar Radiation; Relic Radiation 90 ASTROPHYSICS Includes cosmology; celestial mechanics; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.

20060048918 Northeast Radio Observatory Corp., Westford, MA USA Studies of Enhanced Performance of the Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Observation and Space Weather Salah, Joseph E; Oberoi, Divya; Lonsdale, Colin J; Cappallo, Roger C; Feb 15, 2006; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA9550-05-1-0247 Report No.(s): AD-A453643; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) 447

The purpose of the study was to investigate developments that would enhance the capabilities of the Mileura Widefield Array-Low Frequency Demonstrator (MWA-LFD) for solar and space weather measurements. Enhancement of the angular resolution of the MWA-LFD to observe Type II Solar Radio Bursts was determined to be the best option, and can be accomplished by increasing the physical diameter of the array by a factor of -3. Key elements of the augmentation involve addition of 16 antenna clusters in two semi-circular rings of 3 and 4.5 km diameter, and expansion of the array correlator to accommodate the reduced from 3.4 to 1.13 arc minutes, and the collecting area is increased by 12%. The addition of GPS receivers is also recommended to provide calibration of the Earth’s ionosphere for heliospheric Faraday rotation measurements. Results from the early deployment of three antenna tiles at the Mileura station in West Australia are presented giving early indication of the excellence of the site environment and the capability of the instrument for solar observations. DTIC Antenna Arrays; Augmentation; Solar Radio Bursts; Space Weather

20060048952 CSA Engineering, Inc., Palo Alto, CA USA Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environment for Dynamic Testing of Structures Kienholz, David A; Oct 1996; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A453767; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Simulation of unconstrained (free-free) boundary conditions is a longstanding problem in ground vibration testing of spacecraft. The test article weight must be supported without introducing constraining forces due to stiffness, inertia, or friction from the suspension system. High-fidelity simulation of the space environment requires that such constraint forces be kept small compared to forces inherent in the experiment. A multipoint, six degree of freedom suspension system for dynamic testing is described. Intended primarily for highly flexible space structures, it uses a combination of passive pneumatic and active electromagnetic subsystems. The suspension offers a wide payload range, near-zero stiffness, zero static deflection, small added mass, and zero friction. The electromagnetic system can also provide active cancellation of added mass, accurate ride-height control, and integrated disturbance input. Several versions of the system are described, aimed at test articles ranging from very flexible solar arrays to a 7000-lb simulated optical truss. The concept and hardware are described, test results are given, and applications experience from several industry, government, and university installations is discussed. DTIC Dynamic Tests; Simulation; Stiffness; Vibration; Weightlessness

20060049145 NASA, Washington, DC, USA Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) April 1990; 54 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Report No.(s): MOR-E-876-90-03; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049145; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy The Objectives of NASA’s participation in the ROSAT mission are to: a) measure the spatial, spectral, and temporal characteristics of discrete cosmic sources including normal stars, collapsed stellar objects, and active galactic nuclei; b) perform spectroscopic mapping of extended X-ray sources including supernova remnants, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies; and c) conduct the above observations of cosmic sources with unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution over the 0.1 2.0 keV energy band. Derived from text Rosat Mission; Active Galactic Nuclei; X Ray Sources; Supernova Remnants; Galactic Clusters; Gravitational Collapse

20060049185 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular Clouds Mac Low, M.; Toraskar, J.; Oishi, J.S.; May 2006; 40 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882832; SLAC-PUB-11879; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge No abstract available Gravitational Collapse; H II Regions; Massive Stars; Molecular Clouds; Turbulence 448

20060049186 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet with the Spitzer Space Telescope Uchiyama, Y.; Urry, C. M.; Cheung, C. C.; Jester, S.; Van Duyne, J.; May 2006; 16 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882831; SLAC-PUB-11878; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge No abstract available Galaxies; Space Infrared Telescope Facility; X Rays 20060049188 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment Kamaepakov, T.; Karlsson, N.; Mizuno, T.; Abe, T.; Koi, T.; May 2006; 44 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-882833; SLAC-PUB-11873; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge No abstract available Astrophysics; Neutrinos; Protons; Cosmic Rays; Interstellar Matter 20060049316 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, USA, California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA, USA, California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma Relation at Z = 0.36 Woo, J. H.; Treu, T.; Malkan, M. A.; Blandford, R. D.; January 2006; 36 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881548; SLAC-PUB-11823; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge The authors test the evolution of the correlation between black hole mass and bulge velocity dispersion (M(sub BH) (sigma)), using a carefully selected sample of 14 Seyfert 1 galaxies at z = 0.36 (+-) 0.01. They measure velocity dispersion from stellar absorption lines around Mgb (5175 (angstrom)) and Fe (5270 (angstrom)) using high S/N Keck spectra, and estimate black hole mass from the H(beta) line width abd the optical luminosity at 5100 (angstrom), based on the empirically calibrated photoionization method. They find a significant offset from the local relation in the sense that velocity dispersions were smaller for given black hole masses at z = 0.36 than locally. They investigate various sources of systematic uncertainties and find that those cannot account for the observed offset. NTIS Black Holes (Astronomy); Spheroids; Photoionization; Seyfert Galaxies 20060050062 California Univ., San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity Tomsick, John A.; Corbel, Stephane; Goldwurm, Andrea; Kaaret, Philip; The Astrophysical Journal; Sep. 1, 2005; Volume 630, pp. 413-429; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNG04GA49G; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The black hole candidate (BHC) X-ray transient 4U 1630-47 continuously produced strong X-ray emission for more than 2 years during its 2002-2004 outburst, which is one of the brightest and longest outbursts ever seen from this source. We use more than 300 observations made with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RM E) to study the source throughout the outburst, along with hard X-ray images from the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), which are critical for interpreting the RXTE data in this crowded field. The source exhibits extreme behaviors, which can be interpreted as an indication that the system luminosity approaches the Eddington limit. For 15 observations, fitting the spectral continuum with a disk-blackbody plus power-law model results in measured inner disk temperatures between 2.7 and 3.8 key and such temperatures are only rivaled by the brightest BHC systems, such as GRS 1915+105 and XTE 51550-564. If the high temperatures are caused by the dominance of electron scattering opacity in the inner regions of the accretion disk, it is theoretically required that the source luminosity be considerably higher than 20% of the Eddington limit. We detect a variety of high-amplitude variability, including hard 10-100 s flares, which peak at levels as much as 2-3 times higher than nonflare levels. This flaring occurs at the highest disk luminosities in a regime in which the source deviates from the L(sub disk) infinity T(sup 4)(sub in) relationship that is seen at lower luminosities, possibly suggesting that we are seeing transitions between a Shakura & Sunyaev disk and a ‘slim’ disk, which is predicted to occur at very high mass accretion rates. The X-ray properties in 2002-2004 are significantly different from those seen during the 1998 outburst, which is the only outburst with detected radio jet emission. Our results support the ‘jet line’ concept recently advanced by Fender and coworkers. Our study allows for a test of the quantitative McClintock & Remillard spectral state definitions, and we find that these definitions alone do not provide a complete description of the outburst. Finally, for several of the observations, the high-energy emission is dominated 449

by the nearby sources IGR 516320-4751 and IGR 516358-4726, and we provide information on when these sources were bright and on the nature of their energy spectra. Author X Ray Timing Explorer; Black Holes (Astronomy); Energy Spectra; Electron Scattering; Radio Emission; Opacity; Luminosity 20060050116 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan, Hiroshima Univ., Japan, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Tokyo, Japan Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission Tajiima, H.; Kamae, T.; Madejki, G.; Mitani, T.; Nakazawa, K.; Apr. 2006; 14 pp.; In English Report No.(s): DE2006-881534; SLAC-PUB-11828; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) The hard X-ray and gamma-ray bands have long been recognized as important windows for exploring the energetic universe. It is in these energy bands that non-thermal emission, primarily due to accelerated high energy particles, becomes dominant. However, by comparison with the soft X-ray band, where the spectacular data from the XMM-Newton and Chandra satellites are revolutionizing our understanding of the high-energy universe, the sensitivities of hard X-ray missions flown so far, or currently under construction, have not dramatically improved over the last decade. Clearly, the scope of discovery expected with much improved sensitivity for both point and extended sources is enormous. NTIS Detection; Gamma Rays; X Ray Astronomy; Gamma Ray Astronomy; X Ray Detectors; Gamma Ray Sources (Astronomy); Gamma Ray Telescopes 20060050248 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains Abbas, M. M.; Tankosic, D.; Craven, P. D.; Spann, J. F.; LeClair, A.; West, E. A.; Weingartner, J. C.; Tielens, A. G. G. M.; Nuth, J. a.; Camata, R. P., et al.; The Astrophysical Journal; July 2006; Volume 645, pp. 324-336; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNC8-580; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The photoelectric emission process is considered to be the dominant mechanism for charging of cosmic dust grains in many astrophysical environments. The grain charge and equilibrium potentials play an important role in the dynamical and physical processes that include heating of the neutral gas in the interstellar medium, coagulation processes in the dust clouds, and levitation and dynamical processes in the interplanetary medium and planetary surfaces and rings. An accurate evaluation of photoelectric emission processes requires knowledge of the photoelectric yields of individual dust grains of astrophysical composition as opposed to the values obtained from measurements on flat surfaces of bulk materials, as it is generally assumed on theoretical considerations that the yields for the small grains are much different from the bulk values. We present laboratory measurements of the photoelectric yields of individual dust grains of silica, olivine, and graphite of approx. 0.09-5 micrometer radii levitated in an electrodynamic balance and illuminated with ultraviolet radiation at 120-160 nm wavelengths. The measured yields are found to be substantially higher than the bulk values given in the literature and indicate a size dependence with larger particles having order-of-magnitude higher values than for submicron-size grains. Author Cosmic Dust; Photoelectric Emission; Analogs; Granular Materials 91 LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION Includes planetology; selenology; meteorites; comets; and manned and unmanned planetary and lunar flights. For spacecraft design or space stations see 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.

20060048268 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 Pieters, C. M.; Boardman, J.; Buratti, B.; Clark, R.; Green, R.; Head, J. W. III; McCord, T. B.; Mustard, J.; Runyon, C.; Staid, M., et al.; January 2006; 1 pp.; In English; COSPAR: Committee on Space Research, 16-23 Jul. 2006, Beijing, China Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNM05AB26C; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only From the initial era or lunar exploration, we have learned that many processes active on the early Moon are common to most terrestrial planets, including the record of early and late impact bombardment. Since most major geologic activity ceased on the Moon approx. 3 Gy ago, the Moon’s surface provides a record of the earliest era of terrestrial planet evolution. The 450

type and composition of minerals that comprise a planetary surface are a direct result of the initial composition and subsequent thermal and physical processing. Lunar mineralogy seen today is thus a direct record of the early evolution of the lunar crust and subsequent geologic processes. Specifically, the distribution and concentration of specific minerals is closely tied to magma ocean products, lenses of intruded or remelted plutons, basaltic volcanism and fire-fountaining, and any process (e.g. cratering) that might redistribute or transform primary and secondary lunar crustal materials. The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3, or ‘m-cube’) is a state-of-the-art imaging spectrometer that will fly on Chandrayaan-1, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) mission to be launched late 2007 to early 2008. M3 is one of several foreign instruments chosen by ISRO to be flown on Chandrayaan-1 to complement the strong ISRO payload package. M3 was selected through a peer-review process as part of NASA s Discovery Program. It is under the oversight of PI Carle Pieters at Brown University and is being built by an experienced team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Data analysis and calibration are carried out by a highly qualified and knowledgeable Science Team. To characterize diagnostic properties of lunar minerals, M3 acquires high spectral resolution reflectance data from 700 to 3000 nm (optional to 430 nm). M3 operates as a pushbroom spectrometer with a slit oriented orthogonal to the S/C orbital motion. Measurements are obtained simultaneously for 640 cross track spatial elements and 261 spectral elements. This translates to 70 m/pixel spatial resolution from a nominal 100 km polar orbit for Chandrayaan-1 . The primary science goal of M3 is to characterize and map lunar surface mineralogy in the context of its geologic evolution as outlined above. This translates into several sub-topics that focus on exploring the mineral character of the highland crust, characterizing the diversity basaltic volcanism, and identifying potential volatile concentrations near the poles. The primary exploration goal is to assess and map lunar mineral resources at high spatial resolution to support planning for future, targeted missions. Author Lunar Surface; Mineralogy; Moon; Lunar Exploration; Lunar Geology 20060048270 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA, Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites Pieters, Carle; Head, James W., III; Mustard, Jack; Boardman, Joe; Buratti, Bonnie; Clark, Roger; Green, Rob; Head, James W, III; McCord, Thomas B.; Mustard, Jack; Runyon, Cassandra; Staid, Matt, et al.; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; ICEUM8: International Conference on Exploration and Utilizationo of the Moon, 23-27 Jul. 2006, Beijing, China; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNM05AB26C; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Many processes active on the early Moon are common to most terrestrial planets, including the record of early and late impact bombardment. The Moon’s surface provides a record of the earliest era of terrestrial planet evolution, and the type and composition of minerals that comprise a planetary surface are a direct result of the initial composition and subsequent thermal and physical processing. Lunar mineralogy seen today is thus a direct record of the early evolution of the lunar crust and subsequent geologic processes. Specifically, the distribution and concentration of specific minerals is closely tied to magma ocean products, lenses of intruded or remelted plutons, basaltic volcanism and fire-fountaining, and any process (e.g. cratering) that might redistribute or transform primary and secondary lunar crustal materials. The association of several lunar minerals with key geologic processes is illustrated in Figure 1. The geologic history of potential landing sites on the Moon can be read from the character and context of local mineralogy. Author Lunar Landing Sites; Mineralogy; Planetary Surfaces; Lunar Crust; Cratering; Terrestrial Planets; Volcanology; Paleontology; Lunar Soil 20060048426 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We Can ‘See’ Allen, Carl C.; [2006]; 3 pp.; In English; Lunar Crater Observng and Sensing Satellite Workshop, 16-17 Oct. 206, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048426; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy The recommended impact site for LCROSS is Shoemaker crater, centered at 88.1 S, 45 E. This 51-km diameter crater is in permanent shadow. However, more than half of its floor has been imaged by Earth-base radar. This degree of target knowledge will strongly constrain impact models and significantly increase the confidence of data interpretation. Derived from text Lunar Craters; Selenography; Selenology; Impact; Lunar Geology; Digital Elevation Models; Lunar Topography; Craters 451

20060048492 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Venus and Earth Justh, Hilary L.; Justus, C. G.; Keller, Vernon W.; [2006]; 12 pp.; In English; AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialists Conference, 21-24 Aug. 2006, Keystone, CO, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy This document is the viewgraph slides of the presentation. Marshall Space Flight Center’s Natural Environments Branch has developed Global Reference Atmospheric Models (GRAMs) for Mars, Venus, Earth, and other solar system destinations. Mars-GRAM has been widely used for engineering applications including systems design, performance analysis, and operations planning for aerobraking, entry descent and landing, and aerocapture. Preliminary results are presented, comparing Mars-GRAM with measurements from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) during its aerobraking in Mars thermosphere. Venus-GRAM is based on the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Venus International Reference Atmosphere (VIRA), and is suitable for similar engineering applications in the thermosphere or other altitude regions of the atmosphere of Venus. Until recently, the thermosphere in Earth-GRAM has been represented by the Marshall Engineering Thermosphere (MET) model. Earth-GRAM has recently been revised. In addition to including an updated version of MET, it now includes an option to use the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Radar Extended Model (NRLMSISE-00) as an alternate thermospheric model. Some characteristics and results from Venus-GRAM and Earth-GRAM thermospheres are also presented. Author Atmospheric Models; Mars Atmosphere; Reference Atmospheres; Thermosphere; Venus Atmosphere; Earth Atmosphere; Planetary Environments 20060048561 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Habitat Design Optimization and Analysis SanSoucie, Michael P.; Hull, Patrick V.; Tinker, Michael L.; January 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNM05AB50C; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048561; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy Long-duration surface missions to the Moon and Mars will require habitats for the astronauts. The materials chosen for the habitat walls play a direct role in the protection against the harsh environments found on the surface. Choosing the best materials, their configuration, and the amount required is extremely difficult due to the immense size of the design region. Advanced optimization techniques are necessary for habitat wall design. Standard optimization techniques are not suitable for problems with such large search spaces; therefore, a habitat design optimization tool utilizing genetic algorithms has been developed. Genetic algorithms use a ‘survival of the fittest’ philosophy, where the most fit individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce. This habitat design optimization tool is a multi-objective formulation of structural analysis, heat loss, radiation protection, and meteoroid protection. This paper presents the research and development of this tool. Author Design Optimization; Long Duration Space Flight; Space Exploration; Habitability 20060049070 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic Chondrules in CO Chondrites Rubin, Alan E.; Wasson, John T.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; Volume 69, No. 1, pp. 211-220; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-12887; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Non-spherical chondrules (arbitrarily defined as having aspect ratios greater than or equal to 1.20) in CO3.0 chondrites comprise multi-lobate, distended, and highly irregular objects with rounded margins; they constitute approx. 70% of the type-I (low-FeO) porphyritic chondrules in Y-81020, approx. 75% of such chondrules in ALHA77307, and approx. 60% of those in Colony. Although the proportion of non-spherical type-I chondrules in LL3.0 Semarkona is comparable (approx. 60%), multi-lobate OC porphyritic chondrules (with lobe heights equivalent to a significant fraction of the mean chondrule diameter) are rare. If the non-spherical type-I chondrules in CO chondrites had formed from totally molten droplets, calculations indicate that they would have collapsed into spheres within approx. 10(exp -3) s, too little time for their 20-micrometer-size olivine phenocrysts to have grown from the melt. These olivine grains must therefore be relicts from an earlier chondrule generation; the final heating episode experienced by the non-spherical chondrules involved only minor amounts of melting and crystallization. The immediate precursors of the individual non-spherical chondrules may have been irregularly shaped 452

chondrule fragments whose fracture surfaces were rounded during melting. Because non-spherical chondrules and circular chondrules form a continuum in shape and have similar grain sizes, mineral and mesostasis compositions, and modal abundances of non-opaque phases, they must have formed by related processes. We conclude that a large majority of low-FeO chondrules in CO3 chondrites experienced a late, low-degree melting event. Previous studies have shown that essentially all type-II (high-FeO) porphyritic chondrules in Y-81020 formed by repeated episodes of low-degree melting. It thus appears that the type-I and type-II porphyritic chondrules in Y-81020 (and, presumably, all CO3 chondrites) experienced analogous formation histories. Because these two types constitute approx. 95% of all CO chondrules, it is clear that chondrule recycling was the rule in the CO chondrule-formation region and that most melting events produced only low degrees of melting. The rarity of significantly non-spherical, multi-lobate chondrules in Semarkona may reflect more-intense heating of chondrule precursors in the ordinary-chondrite region of the solar nebula. Author Chondrule; Iron Oxides; Meteoritic Composition; Carbonaceous Chondrites; Petrology 20060049075 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL-Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling Wasson, John T.; Matsunami, Yoshiyuki; Rubin, Alan E.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; Volume 70, pp. 3149-3172; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-12058; NAG5-4766; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Group IVA is a large magmatic group of iron meteorites. The mean DELTA O-17 (= delta O-17 - 0.52(raised dot) delta O-18) of the silicates is approx. plus or minus 1.2%o, similar to the highest values in L chondrites and the lowest values in LL chondrites; delta O-18 values are also in the L/LL range. This strongly suggests that IVA irons formed by melting L-LL parental material, but the mean Ni content of IVA irons (83 mg/g) is much lower than that of a presumed L-LL parent (approx. 170 mg/g) and the low-Ca pyroxene present in two IVA meteorites is Fs13, much lower than the Fs20-29 values in L and LL chondrites. Thus, formation from L-LL precursors requires extensive addition of metallic Fe, probably produced by reduction of FeS and FeO. Group IVA also has S/Ni, Ga/Ni, and Ge/Ni ratios that are much lower than those in L-LL chondrites or any chondrite group that preserves nebular compositions, implying loss of these volatile elements during asteroidal processing. We suggest that these reduction and loss processes occurred near the surface of the asteroid during impact heating, and resulted partly from reduction by C, and partly from the thermal dissociation of FeS and FeO with loss of O and S. The hot (approx. 1770 K) low-viscosity melt quickly moved through channels in the porous asteroid to form a core. Two members of the IVA group, Sao Joao Nepomuceno (hereafter, SJN) and Steinbach, contain moderate amounts of orthopyroxene and silica, and minor amounts of low-Ca clinopyroxene. Even though SJN formed after approx. 26% crystallization and Steinbach formed after approx. 77% Crystallization of the IVA core, both could have originated within several tens of meters of the core-mantle interface if 99% of the crystallization occurred from the center outwards. Two other members of the group (Gibeon and Bishop Canyon) contain tabular tridymite, which we infer to have initially formed as veins deposited from a cooling SiO-rich vapor. The silicates were clearly introduced into IVA irons after the initial magma crystallized. Because the y-iron crystals in SJN are typically about 5 cm across, an order of magnitude smaller than in IVA irons that do not contain massive silicates, we infer that the metal was in the gamma-iron field when the silicates were injected. The SJN and Steinbach silicate compositions are near the low-Ca-pyroxene/silica eutectic compositions. We suggest that a tectonic event produced a eutectic-like liquid and injected it together with unmelted pyroxene grains into fissures in the solid metal core. Published estimates of IVA metallographic cooling rates range from 20 to 3000 K/Ma, leading to a hypothesized breakup of the core during a major impact followed by scrambling of the core and mantle debris [Haack, H., Scott, E.R.D., Love, S.G., Brearley, A. 1996. Thermal histories of IVA stony-iron and iron meteorites: evidence for asteroid fragmentation and reaccretion. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 3103-3113]. This scrambling model is physically implausible and cannot explain the strong correlation of estimated cooling rates with metal composition. Previous workers concluded that the low-Ca clinopyroxene in SJN and Steinbach formed from protopyroxene by quenching at a cooling rate of 10(sup 12) K/Ma, and suggested that this also supported an impact-scrambling model. This implausible spike in cooling rate by a factor of 10(sup 10) can be avoided if the low-Ca clinopyroxene were formed by a late shock event that converted orthopyroxene to clinopyroxene followed by minimal growth in the clinopyroxene field, probably because melt was also produced. We suggest that metallographic cooling-rate estimates (e.g., based on island taenite) giving similar values throughout the metal compositional range are more plausible, and that the IVA parent asteroid can be modeled by monotonic cooling followed by a high-temperature impact event that introduced silicates into the metal and a low-temperature impact event that partially converted thopyroxene into low-Ca clinopyroxene. Author Chondrites; Cooling; Crystallization; Iron Meteorites; Iron Oxides; Magma; Pyroxenes; Silicates; Impact Melts 453

20060049099 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Low-FeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Chondrite Closely Related to CM Rubin, Alan E.; Kunihiro, Tak; Wasson, John T.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 69, pp. 3831-3840; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NSF EAR-00-74076; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources With one exception, the low-FeO relict olivine grains within high-FeO porphyritic chondrules in the type 3.0 Acfer 094 carbonaceous chondrite have DELTA O-17 ( = delta O-17 - 0.52 X delta O-18) values that are substantially more negative than those of the high-FeO olivine host materials. These results are similar to observations made earlier on chondrules in C03.0 chondrites and are consistent with two independent models: (1) Nebular solids evolved from low-FeO, low-DELTA O-17 compositions towards high-FeO, more positive DELTA O-17 compositions; and (2) the range of compositions resulted from the mixing of two independently formed components. The two models predict different trajectories on a DELTA O-17 vs. log Fe/Mg (olivine) diagram, but our sample set has too few values at intermediate Fe/Mg ratios to yield a definitive answer. Published data showing that Acfer 094 has higher volatile contents than CO chondrites suggest a closer link to CM chondrites. This is consistent with the high modal matrix abundance in Acfer 094 (49 vol.%). Acfer 094 may be an unaltered CM chondrite or an exceptionally matrix-rich CO chondrite. Chondrules in Acfer 094 and in CO and CM carbonaceous chondrites appear to sample the same population. Textural differences between Acfer 094 and CM chondrites are largely attributable to the high degree of hydrothermal alteration that the CM chondrites experienced in an asteroidal setting. Author Carbonaceous Chondrites; Chondrule; Composition (Property); Iron Oxides; Isotopic Labeling; Oxygen 17; Oxygen 18 20060049100 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith Formation from H3 Chondrite Material by Possible Cometary Impact Rubin, Alan E.; Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M.; Kunihiro, Takuya; Kallemeyn, Gregory W.; Wasson, John T.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 69, pp. 3419-3430; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-12887; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Chondritic clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite regolith breccia is a subrounded, 5-mm diameter unequilibrated chondritic fragment that contains 13 wt% C occurring mainly within irregularly shaped 30-400-micron-size opaque patches. The clast formed from H3 chondrite material as indicated by the mean apparent chondrule diameter (310 micron vs. approximately 300 micron in H3 chondrites), the mean Mg-normalized refractory lithophile abundance ratio (1.00 +/- 0.09 XH), the previously determined 0-isotopic composition (Delta O-17 = 0.66% vs. 0.68 +/- 0.04%0 in H3 chondrites and 0.73 +/- 0.09% in H4-6 chondrites), the heterogeneous olivine compositions in grain cores (with a minimum range of Fal-19), and the presence of glass in some chondrules. Although the clast lacks the fine-grained, ferroan silicate matrix material present in type 3 ordinary chondrites, PV1 contains objects that appear to be recrystallized clumps of matrix material. Similarly, the apparent dearth of radial pyroxene and cryptocrystalline chondrules in PV1 is accounted for by the presence of some recrystallized fragments of these chondrule textural types. All of the chondrules in PV1 are interfused indicating that temperatures must have briefly reached approximately 1100C (the approximate solidus temperature of H-chondrite silicate). The most likely source of this heating was by an impact. Some metal was lost during impact heating as indicated by the moderately low abundance of metallic Fe-Ni in PV1 (approximately 14 wt%) compared to that in mean H chondrites (approximately 18 wt%). The carbon enrichment of the clast may have resulted from a second impact event, one involving a cometary projectile, possibly a Jupiter-family comet. As the clast cooled, it experienced hydrothermal alteration at low water/rock ratios as evidenced by the thick rims of ferroan olivine around low-FeO olivine cores. The C-rich chondritic clast was later incorporated into the H-chondrite parent-body regolith and extensively fractured and faulted. Author Carbon; Chondrites; Chondrule; Cometary Collisions; Meteoritic Composition 20060049101 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite Kunihiro, Takuya; Rubin, Alan E.; McKeegan, Kevin D.; Wasson, John T.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 68, No. 17, pp. 3599-3606; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-9789; NSF EAR-00-74076; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources We report the oxygen-isotope compositions of relict and host olivine grains in six high-FeO porphyritic olivine chondrules 454

in one of the most primitive carbonaceous chondrites, CO3.0 Yamato 81020. Because the relict grains predate the host phenocrysts, microscale in situ analyses of O-isotope compositions can help assess the degree of heterogeneity among chondrule precursors and constrain the nebular processes that caused these isotopic differences. In five of six chondrules studied, the DELTA O-17 (=delta O-17 - 0.52 (raised dot) delta O-18) compositions of host phenocrysts are higher than those in low-FeO relict grains; the one exception is for a chondrule with a moderately high-FeO relict. Both the fayalite compositions as well as the O-isotope data support the view that the low-FeO relict grains formed in a previous generation of low-FeO porphyritic chondrules that were subsequently fragmented. It appears that most low-FeO porphyritic chondrules formed earlier than most high-FeO porphyritic chondrules, although there were probably some low-FeO chondrules that formed during the period when most high-FeO chondrules were forming. Author Carbonaceous Chondrites; Petrography; Granular Materials; Chondrule; Oxygen Isotopes 20060049102 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift in the O Isotopic Composition of the Solar Nebula Wasson, John T.; Rubin, Alan E.; Yurimoto, Hisayoshi; Meteoritics and Planetary Sciences; May 31, 2006; Volume 39, No. 9, pp. 1591-1598; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-4766; NSF EAR-00-744076; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Several recent studies have shown that materials such as magnetite that formed in asteroids tend to have higher Delta O-17 (=delta O-17 -0.52 delta O-18) values than those recorded in unaltered chondrules. Other recent studies have shown that, in sets of chondrules from carbonaceous chondrites, Delta O-17 tends to increase as the FeO contents of the silicates increase. We report a comparison of the O isotopic composition of olivine phenocrysts in low-FeO (\hFal) type I and high-FeO (\gFal5) type II porphyritic chondrules in the highly primitive C03.0 chondrite Yamato-81020. In agreement with a similar study of chondrules in C03.0 ALH A77307 by Jones et al., Delta O-17 tends to increase with increasing FeO. We find that Delta O-17 values are resolved (but only marginally) between the two sets of olivine phenocrysts. In two of the high-FeO chondrules, the difference between Delta O-17 of the late-formed, high-FeO phenocryst olivine and those in the low-FeO cores of relict grains is well-resolved (although one of the relicts is interpreted to be a partly melted amoeboid olivine inclusion by Yurimoto and Wasson). It appears that, during much of the chondrule-forming period, there was a small upward drift in the Delta O-17 of nebular solids and that relict cores preserve the record of a different (and earlier) nebular environment. Author Chondrites; Chondrule; Meteoritic Composition; Oxygen 17; Solar Nebula 20060049104 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Events on the LL Parent Body Dixon, E. T.; Bogard, D. D.; Garrison, D. H.; Rubin, A. E.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; Volume 68, No. 18, pp. 3779-3790; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; RTOP 44-31-30; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources We determined Ar-39-Ar-40 ages of eight LL chondrites, and one igneous inclusion from an LL chondrite, with the object of understanding the thermal history of the LL-chondrite parent body. The meteorites in this study have a range of petrographic types from LL3.3 to LL6, and shock stages from S1 to S4. These meteorites reveal a range of K-Ar ages from 23.66 to 24.50 Ga, and peak ages from 23.74 to 24.55 Ga. Significantly, three of the eight chondrites (LL4, 5, 6) have K-Ar ages of -4.27 Ga. One of these (MIL99301) preserves an Ar-39-Ar-40 age of 4.23 +/- 0.03 Ga from low-temperature extractions, and an older age of 4.52 +/- 0.08 Ga from the highest temperature extractions. In addition, an igneous-textured impact melt DOM85505,22 has a peak Ar-39-Ar-40 age of \g= 4.27 Ga. We interpret these results as evidence for impact events that occurred at about 4.27 Ga on the LL parent body that produced local impact melts, reset the Ar-39-Ar-40 ages of some meteorites, and exhumed (or interred) others, resulting in a range of cooling ages. The somewhat younger peak age of 3.74 Ga from GR095658 (LL3.3) suggests an additional impact event close to timing of impact-reset ages of some other ordinary chondrites between 3.6-3.8 Ga. The results from MIL99301 suggest that some apparently unshocked (Sl) chondrites may have substantially reset Ar-39-Ar-40 ages. A previous petrographic investigation of MIL99301 suggested that reheating to temperatures less than or equal to type 4 petrographic conditions (600C) caused fractures in olivine to anneal, resulting in a low apparent shock stage of S1 (unshocked). The Ar-39-Ar-40 age spectrum of MIL99301 is consistent with this interpretation. Older ages from high-T extractions may date an earlier impact event at 4.52 +/- 0.08 Ga, whereas younger ages from lower-T extractions date a later impact event at 4.23 Ar-39-Ar-40 0.03 Ga that may have caused annealing of feldspar and olivine Author Chondrites; Impact Melts; Argon Isotopes; Meteoritic Composition; Meteorite Parent Bodies; Aging 455

20060049107 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Aluminian Low-Ca Pyroxene in a Ca-Al-rich Chondrule from the Semarkona Meteorite Rubin, Alan E.; American Mineralogist; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0003-004X; Volume 89, pp. 867-872; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources A Ca-AI-rich chondrule (labeled G7) from the Semarkona LL3.0 ordinary chondrite (OC) consists of 73 vol% glassy mesostasis, 22 vol% skeletal forsterite. 3 vol% fassaite (i.e., Al-Ti diopside), and 2 vol% Al-rich, low-Ca pyroxene. The latter phase, which contains up to 16.3 wt% A1203, is among the most AI-rich, low-Ca pyroxene grains ever reported. It is inferred that 20% of the tetrahedral sites and 13% of the octahedral sites in this grain are occupied by Al. Approximately parallel optical extinction implies that the Al-rich, low-Ca pyroxene grains are probably orthorhombic, consistent with literature data that show that A1203 stabilizes the orthoenstatite structure relative to protoenstatite at low pressure. The order of crystallization in the chondrule was forsterite, AI-rich low-Ca pyroxene, and fassaite; the residual liquid vitrified during chondrule quenching. Phase relationships indicate that, for a G7-composition liquid at equilibrium, spinel and anorthite should crystallize early and orthopyroxene should not crystallize at all. The presence of AI-rich orthopyroxene in G7 is due mainly to the kinetic failure of anorthite to crystallize; this failure was caused by quenching of the G7 precursor droplet. Aluminum preferentially enters the relatively large B tetrahedra of orthopyroxene; because only one tetrahedral size occurs in fassaite, this phase contains higher mean concentrations of Al2O3 than the Al-rich orthopyroxene (17.8 and 14.7 wt%, respectively). Chondrule G7 may have formed by remelting an amoeboid olivine inclusion that entered the OC region of the solar nebula during an episode of chondrule formation. Author Aluminum; Chondrites; Meteoritic Composition; Pyroxenes 20060049109 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Postshock Annealing and Postannealing Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chondrites: Implications for the Thermal and Shock Histories of Chondritic Asteroids Rubin, Alan E.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 68, No. 3, pp. 673-689; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-4766; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources In addition to shock effects in olivine, plagioclase, orthopyroxene and Ca-pyroxene, petrographic shock indicators in equilibrated ordinary chondrites (OC) include chromite veinlets, chromite-plagioclase assemblages, polycrystalline troilite, metallic Cu, irregularly shaped troilite grains within metallic Fe-Ni, rapidly solidified metal-sulfide intergrowths, martensite and various types of plessite, metal-sulfide veins, large metal and/or sulfide nodules, silicate melt veins, silicate darkening, low-Ca clinopyroxene, silicate melt pockets, and large regions of silicate melt. The presence of some of these indicators in every petrologic type-4 to -6 ordinary chondrite (OC) demonstrates that collisional events caused all equilibrated OC to reach shock stages S3-S6. Those type-4 to -6 OC that are classified as shock-stage S1 (on the basis of sharp optical extinction in olivine) underwent postshock annealing due to burial beneath materials heated by the impact event. Those type-4 to -6 OC that are classified S2 (on the basis of undulose extinction and lack of planar fractures in olivine) were shocked to stage S3-S6, annealed to stage S1 and then shocked again to stage S2. Some OC were probably shocked to stage 253 after annealing. It seems likely that many OC experienced multiple episodes of shock and annealing. Because 40Ar-39Ar chronological data indicate that MIL 99301 (LL6, Sl) was annealed approximately 4.26 Ga ago, presumably as a consequence of a major impact, it seems reasonable to suggest that other equilibrated S1 and S2 OC (which contain relict shock features) were also annealed by impacts. Because some type-6 S1 OC (e.g., Guarena, Kernouve, Portales Valley, all of which contain relict shock features) were annealed 4.44-4.45 Ga ago (during a period when impacts were prevalent and most OC were thermally metamorphosed), it follows that impact-induced annealing could have contributed significantly to OC thermal metamorphism. Author Annealing; Chondrites; Melts (Crystal Growth); Meteoritic Composition; Meteorite Parent Bodies; Impact; Shock Heating 20060049110 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Breccia Rubin, Alan E.; Meteoritics and Planetary Science; May 31, 2006; Volume 38, No. 10, pp. 1499-1506; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Northwest Africa (NWA) 428 is an L chondrite that was successively thermally metamorphosed to petrologic type-6, shocked to stage S4-S5, brecciated, and annealed to approximately petrologic type-4. Its thermal and shock history resembles 456

that of the previously studied LL6 chondrite, Miller Range (MIL) 99301, which formed on a different asteroid. The petrologic type-6 classification of NWA 428 is based on its highly recrystallized texture, coarse metal (150 +/- 150 micron), troilite (100 +/- 170 micron), and plagioclase (20-60 micron) grains, and relatively homogeneous olivine (Fa(sub 24.4 +/- 0.6)), low-Ca pyroxene (FS(sub 2.5+/- 0~,4) , and plagioclase (Ab(sub 84.2 +/- 0.4) compositions. The petrographic criteria that indicate shock stage S4-S5 include the presence of chromite veinlets, chromite-plagioclase assemblages, numerous occurrences of metallic Cu, irregular troilite grains within metallic Fe-Ni, polycrystalline troilite, duplex plessite, metal and troilite veins, large troilite nodules, and low-Ca clinopyroxene with polysynthetic twins. If the rock had been shocked before thermal metamorphism, low-Ca clinopyroxene produced by the shock event would have transformed into orthopyroxene. Post-shock brecciation is indicated by the presence of recrystallized clasts and highly shocked clasts that form sharp boundaries with the host. Post-shock annealing is indicated by the sharp optical extinction of the olivine grains; during annealing, the damaged olivine crystal lattices healed. If temperatures exceeded those approximating petrologic type-4 (approximately 600-700 C) during annealing, the low-Ca clinopyroxene would have transformed into orthopyroxene. The other shock indicators, likewise, survived the mild annealing. An impact event is the most plausible source of post-metamorphic, post-shock annealing because any A1-26 that may have been present when the asteroid accreted would have decayed away by the time NWA 428 was annealed. The similar inferred histories of NWA 428 (L6) and MIL 99301 (LL6) indicate that impact heating affected more than 1 ordinary chondrite parent body. Author Annealing; Chondrites; Metamorphism (Geology); Meteoritic Composition; Plagioclase; Thermal Shock; Meteorite Parent Bodies 20060049111 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall Rubin, Alan E.; Kallemeyn, Gregory W.; Wasson, John T.; Clayton, Robert N.; Mayeda, Toshiko; Grady, Monica; Verchovsky, Alexander B.; Eugster, Otto; Lorenzetti, Silvio; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISN 0016-7037; Volume 67, No. 17, pp. 3283-3298; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-4766; NAG5-10421; NAG5-12058; NSF EAR-98-15338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources Gujba is a coarse-grained meteorite fall composed of 41 vol% large kamacite globules, 20 vol% large light-colored silicate globules with cryptocrystalline, barred pyroxene and barred olivine textures, 39 vol% dark-colored, silicate-rich matrix, and rare refractory inclusions. Gujba resembles Bencubbin and Weatherford in texture, oxygen-isotopic composition and in having high bulk delta N-15 values (approximately +685%0). The He-3 cosmic-ray exposure age of Gujba (26 +/- 7 Ma) is essentially identical to that of Bencubbin, suggesting that they were both reduced to meter-size fragments in the same parent-body collision. The Gujba metal globules exhibit metal-troilite quench textures and vary in their abundances of troilite and volatile siderophile elements. We suggest that the metal globules formed as liquid droplets either via condensation in an impact-generated vapor plume or by evaporation of preexisting metal particles in a plume. The lower the abundance of volatile elements in the metal globules, the higher the globule quench temperature. We infer that the large silicate globules also formed from completely molten droplets; their low volatile-element abundances indicate that they also formed at high temperatures, probably by processes analogous to those that formed the metal globules. The coarse-grained Bencubbin-Weatherford-Gujba meteorites may represent a depositional component from the vapor cloud enriched in coarse and dense particles. A second class of Bencubbin-like meteorites (represented by Hammadah a1 Hamra 237 and QUE 94411) may be a finer fraction derived from the same vapor cloud Author Globules; Meteoritic Composition; Meteorites; Meteorite Parent Bodies; Meteoritic Microstructures 20060049112 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt Breccia that Experienced Post-shock Annealing Rubin, Alan E.; Jones, Rhian H.; Meteoritics and Planetary Science; May 31, 2006; Volume 38, No,. 10, pp. 1507-1520; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-4766; NAG5-9463; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources The low modal abundances of relict chondrules (1.8 Vol%) and of coarse (i.e. \g= 2200 micron-size) isolated mafic silicate grains (1.8 Vol%) in Spade relative to mean H6 chondrites (11.4 and 9.8 vol%, respectively) show Spade to be a rock that has experienced a significant degree of melting. Various petrographic features (e.g., chromite-plagioclase assemblages, chromite veinlets, silicate darkening) indicate that melting was caused by shock. Plagioclase was melted during the shock event and flowed so that it partially to completely surrounded nearby mafic silicate grains. During crystallization, plagioclase developed 457

igneous zoning. Low-Ca pyroxene that crystallized from the melt (or equilibrated with the melt at high temperatures) acquired relatively high amounts of CaO. Metallic Fe-Ni cooled rapidly below the Fe-Ni solws and transformed into martensite. Subsequent reheating of the rock caused transformation of martensite into abundant duplex plessite. Ambiguities exist in the shock stage assignment of Spade. The extensive silicate darkening, the occurrence of chromite-plagioclase assemblages, and the impact-melted characteristics of Spade are consistent with shock stage S6. Low shock (stage S2) is indicated by the undulose extinction and lack of planar fractures in olivine. This suggests that Spade reached a maximum prior shock level equivalent to stage S6 and then experienced post-shock annealing (probably to stage Sl). These events were followed by a less intense impact that produced the undulose extinction in the olivine, characteristic of shock stage S2. Annealing could have occurred if Spade were emplaced near impact melts beneath the crater floor or deposited in close proximity to hot debris within an ejecta blanket. Spade firmly establishes the case for post-shock annealing. This may have been a common process on ordinary chondrites (OC) asteroids. Author Chondrites; Meteoritic Composition; Annealing; Impact Melts; Meteorite Parent Bodies 20060049137 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitability of Ancient Mars Allen, Carlton C.; Oehler, Dorothy Z.; Paris, Kristen N.; Venechuk, Elizabeth M.; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; American Geophysical Union, 11-15 Dec, 2996, San Francisco, CA, USA; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy Understanding the habitability of ancient Mars is a key goal in the exploration of that planet. Evidence for conditions favorable to early life must be sought in ancient sedimentary rocks, such as those of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum. Arabia Terra, the northernmost extension of the ancient highlands, is dominated by cratered plains and minor ridged units. These plains extend south into the adjacent Meridiani Planum. The Opportunity rover landed in northern Meridiani, close to the border with Arabia. High resolution MOC images reveal extensive layered sequences across much of the Arabia and Meridiani region. These layers have been interpreted as eroded remnants of sedimentary rock deposits (Edgett, 2005). The layered sequences are concentrated in the SW quadrant of Arabia and in northern Meridiani. Preliminary mapping by Edgett (2005) distinguished four large scale layered sequences in the Arabia and Meridiani region. These have dimensions of hundreds to more than 1,000 km. MOLA altimetry shows that each of the sequences can attain a thickness of 200 to 400 m, with a total thickness greater than 1 km. The sequences are generally flat lying, with regional slopes of a few degrees. Much finer layering is evident within a number of craters. The plains and ridged units of the Arabia and Meridiani region were originally mapped as Noachian based on crater statistics, particularly the number of large craters (Scott and Carr, 1978). The layered sequences in the current study postdate many, but not all, of these large craters. The layered sequences have partially or totally filled a number of craters with diameters ranging from 20 to over 50 km. The topmost layered sequence, as well as the lower two sequences, have intermediate thermal inertia, as derived from THEMIS, indicative of moderate induration. The TES spectra from the lower sequences include features indicative of basalt. Some areas of the topmost sequence, which includes the Opportunity landing site, have TES spectra dominated by hematite. Just below this topmost sequence lies a sequence with higher thermal inertia, indicative of more indurated or coarser grained material. The TES spectra of this sequence lack distinctive mineral features, and the rocks may be obscured by a thin coating of dust. The layers have been extensively eroded. The uppermost sequences are characterized by deeply scalloped boundaries. Filled craters have been partially exhumed. Finely layered deposits within craters have been strongly dissected. Landforms uniquely attributable to wind erosion are rare, but erosive styles and geomorphology characteristic of water and possibly ice are present. The layered sequences in Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum likely reflect an epoch when the planet was much more habitable than it is today. Several areas in these layered sequences are under intensive study as candidate landing sites for the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory. Author Habitability; Mars Surface; Mineral Deposits; Planetary Geology; Geomorphology 20060050035 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA The Apollo Expericence Lessons Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust Management Wagner, Sandra; September 2006; 74 pp.; In English Report No.(s): NASA/TP-2006-213726; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050035; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy Lunar dust will present significant challenges to NASA’s Lunar Exploration Missions. The challenges can be overcome by using best practices in system engineering design. For successful lunar surface missions, all systems that come into contact with lunar dust must consider the effects throughout the entire design process. Interfaces between all these systems with other 458

systems also must be considered. Incorporating dust management into Concept of Operations and Requirements development are the best place to begin to mitigate the risks presented by lunar dust. However, that is only the beginning. To be successful, every person who works on NASA’s Constellation lunar missions must be mindful of this problem. Success will also require fiscal responsibility. NASA must learn from Apollo the root cause of problems caused by dust, and then find the most cost-effective solutions to address each challenge. This will require a combination of common sense existing technologies and promising, innovative technical solutions Derived from text Lunar Dust; Lunar Surface; Systems Engineering; Lunar Programs; Aerospace Engineering; Lunar Logistics 20060050245 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study Keyes, Jennifer; Troutman, Patrick A.; Saucillo, Rudolph; Cirillo, William M.; Cavanaugh, Steve; Stromgren, Chel; January 20, 2006; 30 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2006-7030; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy The NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate (SACD) began studying human exploration missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) in the year 1999. This included participation in NASA s Decadal Planning Team (DPT), the NASA Exploration Team (NExT), Space Architect studies and Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts (RASC) architecture studies that were used in formulating the new Vision for Space Exploration. In May of 2005, NASA initiated the Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS). The primary outputs of the ESAS activity were concepts and functional requirements for the Crewed Exploration Vehicle (CEV), its supporting launch vehicle infrastructure and identification of supporting technology requirements and investments. An exploration systems analysis capability has evolved to support these functions in the past and continues to evolve to support anticipated future needs. SACD had significant roles in supporting the ESAS study team. SACD personnel performed the liaison function between the ESAS team and the Shuttle/Station Configuration Options Team (S/SCOT), an agency-wide team charged with using the Space Shuttle to complete the International Space Station (ISS) by the end of Fiscal Year (FY) 2010. The most significant of the identified issues involved the ability of the Space Shuttle system to achieve the desired number of flights in the proposed time frame. SACD with support from the Kennedy Space Center performed analysis showing that, without significant investments in improving the shuttle processing flow, that there was almost no possibility of completing the 28-flight sequence by the end of 2010. SACD performed numerous Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM) trades to define top level element requirements and establish architecture propellant needs. Configuration trades were conducted to determine the impact of varying degrees of segmentation of the living capabilities of the combined descent stage, ascent stage, and other elements. The technology assessment process was developed and implemented by SACD as the ESAS architecture was refined. SACD implemented a rigorous and objective process which included (a) establishing architectural functional needs, (b) collection, synthesis and mapping of technology data, and (c) performing an objective decision analysis resulting in technology development investment recommendations. The investment recommendation provided budget, schedule, and center/program allocations to develop required technologies for the exploration architecture, as well as the identification of other investment opportunities to maximize performance and flexibility while minimizing cost and risk. A summary of the trades performed and methods utilized by SACD for the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESAS) activity is presented along with how SACD is currently supporting the implementation of the Vision for Space Exploration. Derived from text Space Exploration; Systems Analysis; Manned Space Flight; Aerospace Systems; Technology Assessment; NASA Programs 92 SOLAR PHYSICS Includes solar activity, solar flares, solar radiation and sunspots. For related information see 93 Space Radiation.

20060048198 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry-Perot Interferometers Gary, G. Allen; West, Edward A.; Rees, David; McKay, Jack A.; Zukic, Maumer; Herman, Peter; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only Aims: A tunable, high spectral resolution, high effective finesse, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) Fabry-Perot interferometer 459

(PPI) is designed for obtaining narrow-passband images, magnetograms, and Dopplergrams of the transition region emission line of CIV (155 nm). Methods: The integral part of the CIV narrow passband filter package (with a 2-10 pm FWHM) consists of a multiple etalon system composed of a tunable interferometer that provides high-spectral resolution and a static low-spectral resolution interferometer that allows a large effective free spectral range. The prefilter for the interferometers is provided by a set of four mirrors with dielectric high-reflective coatings. A tunable interferometer, a VUV piezoelectric-control etalon, has undergone testing using the surrogate F2 eximer laser line at 157 nm for the CIV line. We present the results of the tests with a description of the overall concept for a complete narrow-band CIV spectral filter. The static interferometer of the filter is envisioned as being hudt using a set of fixed MgF2 plates. The four-mirror prefilter is designed to have dielectric multilayer n-stacks employing the design concept used in the Ultraviolet Imager of NASA’s Polar Spacecraft. A dual etalon system allows the effective free spectral range to be commensurate with the prefilter profile. With an additional etalon, a triple etalon system would allow a spectrographic resolution of 2 pm. The basic strategy has been to combine the expertise of spaceflight etalon manufacturing with VUV coating technology to build a VUV FPI which combines the best attributes of imagers and spectrographs into a single compact instrument. Results. Spectro-polarimetry observations of the transition region CIV emission can be performed to increase the understanding of the magnetic forces, mass motion, evolution, and energy release within the solar atmosphere at the base of the corona where most of the magnetic field is approximately force-free. The 2D imaging of the full vector magnetic field at the height of maximum magnetic influence (minimum plasma beta) can be accomplished, albeit difficult, by measuring the Zeeman splitting of the CIV resonance pair. Designs of multiple VUV FPIs can be developed for integration into future orbiting solar observatories to obtain rapid cadence, spectral imaging of the transition region. Author Fabry-Perot Interferometers; Far Ultraviolet Radiation; Narrowband; Magnetic Signatures; High Vacuum; Spectral Resolution 20060048236 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Extensions with GPS-TEC Observations Gulyaeva, T. L.; Gallagher, Dennis L.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2005 Workshop, 25 Jun. - 1 Jul. 2005, Roquetes, Spain; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only Comparisons of two model results with Global Positioning System GPS-TEC measurements have been carried out for different latitudinal, solar activity, magnetic activity, diurnal and seasonal conditions. The models evaluated are the Global Core Plasma Model (GCPM-2000) and the IRI extension with Russian plasmasphere model (IRI*).Data of 23 observatories providing GPS-TEC and ionosonde data have been used. It is shown that IRI* plasmasphere electron density is greater than GCPM results by an order of magnitude at 6370 km altitude (one Earth’s radius) with this excess growing to 2-3 orders of magnitude towards the GPS satellite altitude of 20000 km. Another source of model and GPS-TEC differences is a way of selection of the F2 layer peak parameters driving the models either with ITU-R (former CCIR) maps or ionosonde observations. Plasmasphere amendment to IRI improves accuracy of TEC model predictions because the plasmasphere contribution to the total TEC varies from 10% by daytime under quiet magnetic conditions to more than 50% by night under stormy conditions. Author Global Positioning System; Plasmasphere; Solar Activity; Magnetic Variations; Diurnal Variations; Plasmas (Physics); Navigation Satellites; Earth Ionosphere 20060048277 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections: Dominance of the Free Magnetic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Alone Falconer, D. A.; Moore, R. L.; Gary, g. A.; The Astrophysical Journal; June 2006; Volume 644, pp. 1258-1272; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources We examine the magnetic causes of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) by examining, along with the correlations of active-region magnetic measures with each other, the correlations of these measures with active-region CME productivity observed in time windows of a few days, either centered on or extending forward from the day of the magnetic measurement. The measures are from 36 vector magnetograms of bipolar active regions observed within -30’ of disk center by the Marshal Space Flight Center (MSFC) vector magnetograph. From each magnetogram, we extract six whole-active-region measures twice, once from the original plane-of-the-sky magnetogram and again a h r deprojection of the magnetogram to disk center. Three of the measures are alternative measures of the total nonpotentiality of the active region, two are alternative measures of the overall twist in the active-region’s magnetic field, and one is a measure of the magnetic size of the active region (the 460

active region’s magnetic flux content). From the deprojected magnetograms, we find evidence that (1) magnetic twist and magnetic size are separate but comparably strong causes of active-region CME Productivity, and (2) the total free magnetic energy in an active region’s magnetic field is a stronger determinant of the active region’s CME productivity than is the field’s overall twist (or helicity) alone. From comparison of results from the non-deprojected magnetograms with corresponding results from the deprojected magnetograms, we find evidence that (for prediction of active-region CME productivity and for further studies of active-region magnetic size as a cause of CMEs), for active regions within approx.30deg of disk center, active-region total nonpotentiality and flux content can be adequately measured from line-of-sight magnetograms, such as from SOH0 MDI. Author Solar Corona; Coronal Mass Ejection; Magnetic Fields; Magnetic Signatures; Extraction; Bipolarity 93 SPACE RADIATION Includes cosmic radiation; and inner and outer Earth radiation belts. For biological effects of radiation on plants and animals see 51 Life Sciences; on human beings see 52 Aerospace Medicine. For theory see 73 Nuclear Physics.

20060048243 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Different Energies on the Radiation Hazard from Galactic Cosmic Rays Lin, Z. W.; Adams, J. H., Jr.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, 16-23 Jul. 2006, Beijing, China; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only The radiation hazard for astronauts from galactic cosmic rays is a major obstacle in long duration human space explorations. Space radiation transport codes have been developed to calculate radiation environment on missions to the Moon, Mars or beyond. We have studied how uncertainties in fragmentation cross sections at different energies affect the accuracy of predictions from such radiation transport. We find that, in deep space, cross sections between 0.3 and 0.85 GeV/u usually have the largest effect on dose-equivalent behind shielding in solar minimum GCR environments, and cross sections between 0.85 and 1.2 GeV/u have the largest effect in solar maximum GCR environments. At the International Space Station, cross sections at higher energies have the largest effect due to the geomagnetic cutoff. Author Radiation Hazards; Solar Activity Effects; Radiation Transport; Galactic Cosmic Rays; Fragmentation; Space Exploration; Extraterrestrial Radiation 99 GENERAL Includes aeronautical, astronautical, and space science related histories, biographies, and pertinent reports too broad for categorization; histories or broad overviews of NASA programs such as Apollo, Gemini, and Mercury spacecraft, Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS), and Skylab; NASA appropriations hearings.

20060049117 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Nonelectronic Countermeasures for Infrared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of Heat Decoys as Countermeasures Saunders, R A; Smith, D C; Fox, H W; Jul 18, 1950; 19 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A453791; NRL-3705; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy An analysis of the properties of the ideal heat decoy showed that: 1. The decoy should be dispersed in the air as a shower of hot particles by projection with a suitable fire-arm. 2. Among the possible heat-producing reactions, combustion reactions are the most suitable and, in particular, the combustion of carbon offers the most promise. 3. The duration of the decoy should be about 30 seconds, to be controlled by adjusting the rate of reaction and particle size of the decoy substance. The preferred decoy should comprise a reaction mixture which can be ignited after dispensing. Some preliminary experiments are described and previous work reviewed. From the analysis it is concluded that future experimental work should be concentrated on the type of heat decoy comprising a canister filled with carbon granules impregnated with an oxidizing agent and ignited either by a burster charge or, if necessary, by some spontaneously inflammable material coating the granules. The number of canisters for each application of the countermeasure depends on the size of the ship to be protected. DTIC Countermeasures; Decoys; Infrared Radiation; Missiles

461

Subject Term Index ABBREVIATIONS NASA Scientific and Technical Information Standards – 433 ABLATIVE MATERIALS Characterization of Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Materials for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation – 45 ABRASIVES Labor Standards Application Program, Phase 4 - FY-83, Blast and Paint Shops – 108 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards – 72 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Combined Abrasive Recycling and Containment - Final Report With Summary and Conclusions – 67 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Reduced Volume of Spent Abrasive in Open Air Blasting – 67 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. User’s Guide to Selection of Blasting Abrasives – 74 ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419

ACCUMULATORS Station-Keeping Requirements for Astronomical Imaging with Constellations of Free-Flying Collectors – 56 ACCURACY In-Orbit Vicarious Calibration for Ocean Color and Aerosol Products – 201 Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Parameters – 401 Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Control for Satellite Formations – 443 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Measuring Systems for Increased Accuracy and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Repair – 311 ACETATES Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsulant Formulations at NREL – 175 Rheological and Mechanical Considerations for Photovoltaic Encapsulants – 182 ACETIC ACID Oral Administration of N-Acetyl-D Glucosamine Polymer Particles DownRegulates Airway Allergic Responses – 232

ABSORPTIVITY A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) – 134

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice – 203

ABSTRACTS NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Optics of Biological Particles. Held in Novosibirsk, Russia on 3-6 Oct 2005 – 416

ACETYL COMPOUNDS New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically Block Organophosphorylation – 219

ACCEPTABILITY Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 109 ACCESS CONTROL Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensitive Information through Bottleneck Monitoring – 439 Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI on PKI – 327 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION Characterization of Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Materials for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation – 45

ACETYLATION Regulation of p53 Activity by ReversibleAcetylation in Prostate Tumor Suppression – 206 ACID BASE EQUILIBRIUM Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Associated with Spaceflight – 255 ACIDS Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 206 ACOUSTIC ATTENUATION A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) – 134

Double protection passive pour les equipages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Concept et etude experimentale (Design and Experimental Study of the Passive Double Hearing Protection for the Crew of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411 Investigating Double Hearing Protection using Human Subjects – 411 Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation – 147 ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) – 134 ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Propagation in Aircraft Noise Prediction – 409 Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the Human Head – 410 ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal Occurrence, Habitat Associations and Interactions with Ocean Dynamic Features – 411 ACOUSTIC RESONANCE Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics – 3 ACOUSTICS An Integrated Approach to Motion and Sound – 302 An Integrated Virtual Environment System – 302 An Iterative Substructuring Method for Coupled Fluid-Solid Acoustic Problems – 346 Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic Tracking Capability – 387 Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Simulator for Tracker Performance Assessment – 314 Control of Acoustics and Store Separation in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow – 8 Design and Sounds in tres – 410

Evaluation of Warning Frigate Control Cen-

Development of a Silent Tow System – 408 Probe-Corrected Near-Field Measurements on a Truncated Cylinder – 390 Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 ACOUSTO-OPTICS Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF for Remotely Controlling LambdaPaths – 127

A-1

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transplacental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in Utero Studies) – 65 ACQUISITION Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organizations: A Preliminary Report – 299 Techniques for Developing an Acquisition Strategy by Profiling Software Risks – 307 Weapons Strengthen nical Data Systems –

Acquisition: DOD Should Policies for Assessing TechNeeds to Support Weapon 17

ACRYLIC RESINS Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107 ACTINIDE SERIES Characterization of Host Phases for Actinides in Simulated Metallic Waste Forms by Transmission Electron Microscopy – 104 ACTIVE CONTROL A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Bays – 13 Active Control of Compressor Stall inception: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Approach – 148 Design of the GNC System for a New Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope – 414 Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication – 410 Investigating Double Hearing Protection using Human Subjects – 411 ISS Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Project -2006 Update – 80 ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) – 448

Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engineers? – 284 ADAPTIVE CONTROL Adaptive Compensators for Perturbed Positive Real Infinite Dimensional Systems – 378 An Investigation of Control Strategies for Friction Compensation – 344 Analysis and Adaptive Control of a Discrete-Time Single-Server Network with Random Routing – 327 Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme for a Partially Observed Controlled Markov Chain – 357 Convergence Analysis of a Class of Networks of Nonlinear Coupled Oscillators – 128 Decentralized Control and Decentralized Adaptive Control – 384 LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Telescope’s Adaptive Optics System – 363 Robust Stochastic trol – 349

Adaptive

Con-

ADAPTIVE FILTERS Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bundling and Filtration in Large-Scale Distributed Simulations – 136 ADAPTIVE OPTICS LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Telescope’s Adaptive Optics System – 363 ADENOVIRUSES An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy Agents – 238 PSES-A Novel Prostate Specific Chimeric Enhancer for Prostate Cancer Gene Therapy – 246 Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 246

ACTUATORS An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133

ADHESION Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104

FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59

Modeling Impacts for Cold-Gas Dynamic Spray – 94

Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actuators – 106 System Dynamics and Control System for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator and Fast Tool Servo – 125 ACUITY Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 ADAPTATION AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing, Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptivity and Trust Management – 384 Enabling Cultural Adaptability – 265

A-2

ADHESIVE BONDING Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104 ADHESIVES Analysis of Thermal Conductivity in Composite Adhesives – 106 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109 AEROACOUSTICS Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1

An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans – 407 Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correlations in Jets – 26 AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1 An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans – 407 Experimental Investigation of the Aerodynamic Ground Effect of a Tailless Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing Flaps – 2 AERODYNAMIC CONFIGURATIONS Performance Analysis of a Wing With Multiple Winglets – 3 AERODYNAMIC FORCES Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1 AERODYNAMIC NOISE An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans – 408 Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 AERODYNAMIC STABILITY Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Issues for Explosively Formed Penetrators – 2 AERODYNAMICS Close Formation Flight of MicroSatellites for SAR Interferometry – 49 Experimental Investigation of the Aerodynamic Ground Effect of a Tailless Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing Flaps – 2 Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-ofAttack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation Control – 31 AEROELASTICITY An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Deformations for a Homogeneous Beam at Varying Tip Loads and Pitch Angles – 14 AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in Implementing Aerospace Commission Recommendations, and Remaining Challenges – 425 AERONAUTICAL SATELLITES Performance, Capacity and Limitations of AMSS Communications – 116 Simulation and Performance of Data Communication using AMSS – 12

AEROSOLS Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulonimbus Clouds – 195 Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 In-Orbit Vicarious Calibration for Ocean Color and Aerosol Products – 200 Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Flow Path and Sampling System – 26 AEROSPACE ENGINEERING A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Comparison with Conventional Systems – 35 Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems – 25 Globalness: Toward a Space Power Theory – 33 Manufacture and Experimental Analysis of a Concentrated Strain Based Deployable Truss Structure – 32 Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 The Apollo Expericence Lessons Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust Management – 458 AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTS NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 259 New Techniques in Space Weather Forecasting – 40 Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Issues and Solutions – 33 Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34 AEROSPACE INDUSTRY U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in Implementing Aerospace Commission Recommendations, and Remaining Challenges – 425 AEROSPACE MEDICINE Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 271 Challenges Flight – 444

of

Human

Space

U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness – 273 AEROSPACE SCIENCES SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48 AEROSPACE SYSTEMS Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 175 Mixed-Signal Electronics Technology for Space (MSETS) – 128 NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study – 459

NASA Technologies for Product Identification – 44 National Security Space Policy in the U.S. and Europe. Trends and Choices – 34 Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375

AIR POLLUTION Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419 High Resolution Spectroscopy to Support Atmospheric Measurements – 185

AEROSPACE VEHICLES Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using the Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor – 56

Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxidation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. Annual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005 – 187

AFRICA Breast Cancer in African American Women: Molecular Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes – 202

International Symposium on Site Characterization for CO(sub 2) Geological Storage – 187

China’s Oil Rush in Africa – 107 Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of Overweight and Obesity in African Americans and Caucasians – 230 Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245 AGGLOMERATION Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Chondrites – 190 Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Composition, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule Size – 190 AGING Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Events on the LL Parent Body – 455 AIR BREATHING ENGINES A Comparative Analysis of Single-StageTo-Orbit Rocket and Air-Breathing Vehicles – 39 AIR CARGO Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Cargo Industry – 6 AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For Indoor Environmental Quality and Security – 165 AIR CURRENTS Role of Deep Convection in Establishing the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 AIR LOCKS Using SolidWorks & CFD to Create the Next Generation Airlocks – 142 AIR MASSES Turbulence and mountain wave conditions observed with an airborne 2-micron lidar – 25 AIR NAVIGATION Optimal Geometric Deployment of a Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation System to Track a Landing Aircraft – 12

RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC), Clean Air Technology Center, Annual Report for 2005 – 185 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 435 AIR QUALITY RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC), Clean Air Technology Center, Annual Report for 2005 – 185 AIR SAMPLING TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstration Field Sampling Report: Robins Air Force Base Warner-Robins GA – 69 AIR TO AIR REFUELING Air Force Aerial Refueling Methods: Flying Boom Versus Hose-and-Drogue – 9 Air Force Aerial Refueling – 10 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL A Human Factors Review of the Operational Error Literature – 6 An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing Control Policies and the Dynamic Service-Time Performance of a Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Management Facility – 12 Human Factors Considerations for Area Navigation Departure and Arrival Procedures – 11 Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4 U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in Implementing Aerospace Commission Recommendations, and Remaining Challenges – 425 AIR TRAFFIC Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Throughput and Traffic Delays Using Self Separation Procedures – 4 Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4 AIR TRANSPORTATION Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues – 7

A-3

Global En Route Basing Infrastructure Location Model – 21 Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Throughput and Traffic Delays Using Self Separation Procedures – 4 NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5

AIRCRAFT PILOTS Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in the Operational Environment – 264 AIRCRAFT SAFETY Turbulence and mountain wave conditions observed with an airborne 2-micron lidar – 25

Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in the Operational Environment – 264 Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness during Sustained Operations – 273 (Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant Combination for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in a Context of Continuous Operations) – 269

National Airspace System Modernization: Observations on Potential Funding Options for FAA and the Next Generation Airspace System – 11

AIRCRAFT Experimental Investigation of the Aerodynamic Ground Effect of a Tailless Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing Flaps – 2

AIRBORNE LASERS Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues for Congress – 158

Simulation of Weapons Release from Cargo Aircraft – 8

Strategies to Improve Alertness during Extended Deployments – 263

The C-17: Costs and Alternatives – 14

Support of Mission and Work Scheduling by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276

AIRBORNE RADAR Analytical Determination of Airborne Radar Response to Extraneous Inputs – 155 AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS A Human Factors Review of the Operational Error Literature – 6 AIRCRAFT APPROACH SPACING Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4 AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATION Simulation and Performance of Data Communication using AMSS – 12 AIRCRAFT CONTROL Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 AIRCRAFT DESIGN A Generic Multibody Parachute Simulation Model – 13 F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Background, Status, and Issues – 24 NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis – 374 AIRCRAFT ENGINES Proposed Termination of Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) F136 Alternate Engine – 19 AIRCRAFT LANDING Optimal Geometric Deployment of a Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation System to Track a Landing Aircraft – 12 AIRCRAFT MANEUVERS Energy Index For Aircraft vers – 31

Maneu-

Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4 AIRCRAFT NOISE Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Propagation in Aircraft Noise Prediction – 409 Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21

A-4

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Their Value in Security Operations – 20 AIRFOILS Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turbomachinery Airfoils – 142 Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16 Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Airfoil – 15 AIRFRAMES Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1 AIRLINE OPERATIONS An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing Control Policies and the Dynamic Service-Time Performance of a Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Management Facility – 12 Aviation Security-Related Findings and Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission – 7 Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues – 7 NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 AIRPORTS Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Throughput and Traffic Delays Using Self Separation Procedures – 4 AIRSPACE Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4 ALCOHOLS Motivational Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use in a Military Population – 245 On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays – 83 ALERTNESS A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240

Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment – 272

The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274 Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 ALGAE Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173 ALGEBRA A New Nonlinear Equations Test Problem – 351 Representations of Quasi-Newton Matrices and Their Use in Limited Memory Methods – 391 Toward Direct Sparse Cholesky Factors – 350

Updates

of

ALGORITHMS A Geometric Algorithm for Automated Design of Multi-Stage Molds for Manufacturing Multi-Material Objects – 161 A Global Convergence Theory for General Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for Equality Constrained Optimization – 347 A Global Convergence Theory for the Celis-Dennis-Tapia Trust Region Algorithm for Constrained Optimization – 345 A Memoryless Augmented GaussNewton Method for Nonlinear LeastSquares Problems – 360 A New Large-Scale Global Optimization Method and Its Application to LennardJones Problems – 356 A New Nonlinear Equations Test Problem – 351 A Trust Region Strategy for Equality Constrained Optimization – 359 A Variable-Metric Variant of the Karmarkar Algorithm for Linear Programming – 348

An Algorithm for the Accurate Localization of Sounds – 137

Pattern Search Methods in the Presence of Degeneracy – 362

An Investigation Into Robust Wind Correction Algorithms for Off-the Shelf Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Autopilots – 15

Provably Good Parallel Algorithms for Channel Routing of Multi-Terminal Nets – 326

Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several Orders of Magnitude – 290

Regularization Through Feature Knock Out – 338

Application of a Relative Motion Guidance Algorithm to Formation Reassignment – 59 Combining Variable Selection with Dimensionality Reduction – 371 Computation of Delays in Acyclical Distributed Decisionmaking Organizations – 429 Confidence Bands Curves – 330

for

ROC

DARPA Integrated Sensing and Processing (ISP) Program. Approximation Methods for Markov Decision Problems in Sensor Management – 363

Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385 Second Order Search – 389

Behavior

of

Pattern

SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Development and Validation Testbed: Current Progress and Beyond – 55

Successive Column Correction Algorithms for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 348

ALUMINUM COATINGS Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI6AL-4V Under Fretting – 100

Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129

Dynamic Scheduling Strategies for an Adaptive, Asynchronous Parallel Global Optimization Algorithm – 356

The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the Hessian in Constrained Optimization – 351

Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration – 354

Velocity Inversion by Coherency Optimization – 192

Fast Rates for Regularized Squares Algorithm – 371

Verification of a Decision Level Fusion Algorithm Using a Proven ATR System and Measured SAR Data – 352

Stabilization

Algo-

Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed – 444 Gradient Flow Based Matrix Joint Diagonalization for Independent Component Analysis – 389 Multiple-Event Markov-Chain nique – 290

Location Using the Monte Carlo Tech-

Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and Riccati Equations – 354 Navigation Algorithms for Formation Flying Missions – 52 Object-Oriented Design and Implementation of Computer Chess – 303 On Periodic Pulse Interval Analysis with Outliers and Missing Observations – 359 On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 351

ALIGNMENT Application of the Strategic Alignment Model and Information Technology Governance Concepts to Support Network Centric Warfare – 323 Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Novel Techniques and Their Applications for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of Welded Structures (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 ALLERGIC DISEASES Oral Administration of N-Acetyl-D Glucosamine Polymer Particles DownRegulates Airway Allergic Responses – 232 ALLOCATIONS Application of Piecewise Linear Control Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle Guidance and Control – 40

On the Convergence of the MizunoTodd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center of the Solution Set – 349

ALTERNATING CURRENT Fast Erase Method and Apparatus For Digital Media – 429

Online Query Relaxation via Bayesian Causal Structures Discovery – 436

New Perspectives for Power Transmission in the European Liberalized Electricity Market and Possible Role of FourPhase Systems – 132

Optimal Control and Poisson Reduction – 360 Optimization on Microcomputers: The Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm – 347

ALUMINUM ALLOYS The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Evaluation and Improvements – 101 Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI6AL-4V Under Fretting – 99

in

Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Free Codes – 217

Fast Video rithms – 361

ALUMINATES Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transparent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95

Learning

Stability Results Theory – 395

The Combined Schubert/Secant FiniteDifference Algorithm for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347

Least-

ALTITUDE CONTROL Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Formation Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Cross-Coupling – 50

ALTERNATIVES The C-17: Costs and Alternatives – 15

ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) – 114 ALUMINUM ISOTOPES Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceouschondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Melt Asteroids – 193 ALUMINUM OXIDES Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Fiber Orientation – 90 Effects of Frequency and Environment on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg. C – 88 ALUMINUM Aluminian Low-Ca Pyroxene in a Ca-Alrich Chondrule from the Semarkona Meteorite – 456 Friction Stir Processing and Fusion Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Bronze – 95 High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) – 114 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Evaluation and Improvements – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Patrol Boat – 101 ALUM Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL – 95

A-5

AMERICAN INDIANS Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for Detecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies at Remote Military of Native American Health Care Facilities – 231 AMIDES Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides – 75 AMINO ACIDS Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 223 AMMONIA Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419 AMMUNITION Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Detection System Developed by Geophysical Solutions – 153 Fluidized Bed cess – 86

Biodenitrification

Pro-

Progress in the Development of a Multiphase Turbulent Model of the Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Ammunition Primer – 147 Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 108

ANALYSIS (MATHEMATICS) On the Convergence of the MizunoTodd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center of the Solution Set – 349 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Standards (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 367 Investigation of Factors Affecting the Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ratio Discriminant – 370 Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Airfoil – 15 ANEMIAS Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 87 ANESTHETICS Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for the Anesthetics Halothane, Isoflurane, and Desflurane in the Pig (SUS SCROFA) – 217 ANGIOGENESIS Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 246 ANGLE OF ATTACK Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation – 32

ANISOTROPY Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Modelling of Textured Metals and Validation Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Test – 99 Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Liquid Crystals – 94 ANNEALING Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Breccia – 457 Postshock Annealing and Postannealing Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chondrites: Implications for the Thermal and Shock Histories of Chondritic Asteroids – 456 Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183 Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and PostAnnealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt Breccia that Experienced Post-shock Annealing – 457 ANOMALIES Automated Discovery of Mimicry Attacks – 380

Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-ofAttack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation Control – 31

Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189

AMORPHOUS MATERIALS Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High Temperature Magnetic Material for PWR – 74

ANGLES (GEOMETRY) The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle Measurement for Inclining Experiments – 307

ANTENNA ARRAYS Measurement of the Propagation Constant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Array (Preprint) – 137

AMORPHOUS SILICON 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact – 183

ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION Automating the Modeling of the SEE Cross Section’s Angular Dependence – 419

SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion During Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon – 173

ANGULAR RESOLUTION Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission – 53

AMOUNT Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Cargo Industry – 6

GNC System for the Deployment and Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Interferometer – 443

AMPLITUDES Investigation of Factors Affecting the Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ratio Discriminant – 371 ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41

ANIMALS Development of Methods for the RealTime and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Eye – 251

ANALOGIES Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting Vertical Fragmentation – 281

ANIMATION How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful Animations for Teaching and Research Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camtasia(TradeMark) – 287

ANALOGS Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450

ANIONS Feasibility Study for the Reduction of Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous Anions – 83

A-6

Multiuser Transmit Beamforming for Maximum Sum Capacity in Tactical Wireless Multicast Networks – 402 Studies of Enhanced Performance of the Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Observation and Space Weather – 447 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strategies for Large DSN Arrays – 46 ANTENNA COMPONENTS A GPS Receiver Designed for CarrierPhase Time Transfer – 135 ANTHROPOMETRY Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Sizing – 279 ANTIAIRCRAFT MISSILES Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited – 441 ANTIBIOTICS Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107

ANTIBODIES Associations Between Responses to the Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity to Malaria Infection – 202

Electrochemically Generated Oxidant Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89

Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Status Markers after their Homecoming – 271

Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 402

ANTIFOULING Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 National Shipbuilding Research Program. Performance Testing of Marine Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Procedures – 68 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards – 72 ANTIGENS A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241 Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Functions of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen – 206 Associations Between Responses to the Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity to Malaria Infection – 202 CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Generation of Molecular Probes Capable of Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu Peptide Complex – 247

Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89

ANTITANK MISSILES Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited – 441 ANVIL CLOUDS CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 APERTURES Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416 Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a StructurallyEfficient, High-Performance, LargeAperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation – 180 Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62 APOPTOSIS Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 248 Development of Novel Bifunctional Compounds that Induce Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells – 232

Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer – 210

Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpression of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resistance to Herceptin – 214

Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224

Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Cancer – 227

Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245

XIAP as a Molecular Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Prostate Cancer – 209

Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation in Prostate Cancer – 251

APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS Identification of Connectivity in Neural Networks – 340

ANTIHISTAMINICS Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep Deprivation – 257

APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS (COMPUTERS) ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture for Feedback Control of Software Performance – 297

ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTIBACTERIALS Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107 ANTISEPTICS Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 231

Failure Assessment – 315 TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems Using Tensor Methods – 356 APPROACH CONTROL Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4

APPROXIMATION A Finite Difference Approximation for a Coupled System of Nonlinear SizeStructured Populations – 353 Affine Frames of rational Wavelets in H2(II+) – 396 Approximation Methods for Inverse Problems Governed by Nonlinear Parabolic Systems – 347 Conservative Analytical Collision Probabilities for Orbital Formation Flying – 56 DARPA Integrated Sensing and Processing (ISP) Program. Approximation Methods for Markov Decision Problems in Sensor Management – 363 On the Poisson Equation for Countable Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions and Parameter Dependence by Probabilistic Methods – 346 AQUIFERS Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 170 ARC WELDING Automatic Submerged ARC Welding With Metal Power Additions to Increase Productivity and Maintain Quality – 164 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing – 102 Tracking System for Automatic Welding. Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip Life for Through-the-Arc Welding System – 163 ARCHITECTURE (COMPUTERS) Architectural Support for Extensibility and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed Object Systems – 293 ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture for Feedback Control of Software Performance – 296 Creating Agile Business through ServiceOriented Architecture – 284 Fault and Defect Tolerant Computer Architectures: Reliable Computing with Unreliable Devices – 293 Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning With a Multi-Level Architecture – 336 Multidisciplinary Environments: A History of Engineering Framework Development – 317 Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 Software Architecture of PSET: A Page Segmentation Evaluation Toolkit – 300

A-7

Studies on Architecture and Control Technology for Optical Packet Switches – 127 Web-based Open Framework – 299

Tool

Integration

ARCS Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and Non-Natural Arcs – 49 AREA NAVIGATION Human Factors Considerations for Area Navigation Departure and Arrival Procedures – 11

Sensor Management for Fighter Applications – 15

SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for HighEnergy Astrophysics Mission – 51

StreetScenes: Towards Scene Understanding in Still Images – 335

Station-Keeping Requirements for Astronomical Imaging with Constellations of Free-Flying Collectors – 55

Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring System (TAO ITS) – 308 ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satellite Formations for the Purpose of SpaceBased Remote Sensing – 41 LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Small Flexible Spacecraft Using FreeFree Boundary Conditions – 38

ARGON ISOTOPES Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Events on the LL Parent Body – 455

Military Space Programs: Issues Concerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Programs – 41

ARGON LASERS Characterizing a Co-Flow Nozzle for use in a Filtered Rayleigh Scattering System – 144

Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Subsystems for End-to-End Spacecraft Modeling – 38

ARIZONA Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 170 ARMED FORCES (UNITED STATES) Course Curriculum Development for the Future Cyberwarrior – 431 Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduction Systems for Family Maltreatment, Suicidality, and Substance Problems in the USAF – 257 Motivational Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use in a Military Population – 244 Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 – 253 Wireless Sensor Network Applications for the Combat Air Forces – 8 ARMOR Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Signals to a Covert Tactile Communication System in a Dynamic Environment – 118 ARRAYS A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) – 134 A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Comparison with Conventional Systems – 35 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Balancing Multiple Sources of Reward in Reinforcement Learning – 334 Confidence Bands Curves – 330

for

ROC

Development of Mathematical Models of Immune Networks Intended for Information Security Assurance – 326 Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning With a Multi-Level Architecture – 336 Robot Localization Using Visual Image Mapping – 331

A-8

Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation for Small Satellites – 3 Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Gravitational Field – 34 ASCENT TRAJECTORIES FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59 ASIA Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia: Potential Implications – 23 ASSAYING A Microplate Assay for the Determination of Hemoglobin Concentration – 220 ASSIMILATION WindSat Applications for Weather Forecasters and Data Assimilation – 194 ASTHMA Call-Center Based Disease Management of Pediatric Asthmatics – 235 ASTRONAUTS Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years – 221 Nutrition Issues for Space Exploration – 221 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES NOAO/NSO Newsletter: Issue 87 – 447 ASTRONOMY Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer - Shuttle Pallet Satellite (ORFEUS-SPAS) – 447 ASTROPHYSICS Design of the GNC System for a New Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope – 414 First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54 Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment – 449

ASYMMETRY Story Link Detection and New Event Detection are Asymmetric – 330 ASYMPTOTIC METHODS Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Mapping Estimator for Frequency Estimation – 350 On Stabilization with a Prescribed Region of Asymptotic Stability – 392 ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Systems in Correlated Noise with NonGaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic Behavior of the Difference Between the MMSE and LMSE Estimates – 367 Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases – 394 On Stabilization with a Prescribed Region of Asymptotic Stability – 392 ASYMPTOTIC SERIES Detecting Periodic Components in a White Gaussian Time Series – 192 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 447 ATMOSPHERIC MODELS CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Venus and Earth – 452 ATOMS COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92 Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133 ATTACK AIRCRAFT F-22A Raptor – 22 ATTENUATION Experimentation to Address Appropriate Test Techniques for Measuring the Attenuation Provided by Double ANR Hearing Protectors – 410 ATTITUDE CONTROL An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer – 54 Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO – 57 LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Small Flexible Spacecraft Using FreeFree Boundary Conditions – 38

Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies – 47

Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements – 337

AVIATION METEOROLOGY New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Weather-Related Accidents – 24

Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receivers – 57

Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Use among Elite U.S. Army Soldiers – 438

The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58

Studies of Enhanced Performance of the Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Observation and Space Weather – 447

AVIONICS Accurate Formation Flying Design and Validation for the Darwin Precursor Demonstration Mission – 50

ATTITUDE (INCLINATION) FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59 LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Telescope’s Adaptive Optics System – 363 Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation for Small Satellites – 3 AUDIO EQUIPMENT Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the Human Head – 410 AUDIO FREQUENCIES 3-D Audio: Military Applications and Symbology – 410 AUDIOLOGY Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 – 253 AUDITORY DEFECTS Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Literature Study – 410 Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Personnel – 20 Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Military Personnel – 187 Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 – 253 AUDITORY PERCEPTION Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 Organization of Response Areas in Ferret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220 Representation of Spectral Profiles in the Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple Phases – 412 AUDITORY SIGNALS Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach – 10

Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey Project - Canada – 337 AURORAS High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of BBELF Turbulence – 417 AUTOCORRELATION Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Mapping Estimator for Frequency Estimation – 350 Strong Consistency of the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Estimation – 370 AUTOMATA THEORY Language Stability and Stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 383 AUTOMATIC CONTROL Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments – 266 Generalized Physical Networks for Automated Model Building – 388 AUTOMATIC PILOTS An Investigation Into Robust Wind Correction Algorithms for Off-the Shelf Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Autopilots – 16 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man – 277 AUTONOMY Architectural Support for Extensibility and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed Object Systems – 293 Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO – 57 Contingency Software in Autonomous Systems: Technical Level Briefing – 316 Experiments of a Terabit-Class SuperNetwork – 117 Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation Flying Demonstration – 58 High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – 394

The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound Localisation – 409

Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60

AUGMENTATION Experimental Study of Deflagration-toDetonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine – 27

Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using the Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor – 56 Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions – 48

Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems – 25 Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47 AWACS AIRCRAFT Weapons Acquisition: DOD Should Strengthen Policies for Assessing Technical Data Needs to Support Weapon Systems – 17 AXIAL FLOW Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 146 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 148 AZIDES (INORGANIC) NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transplacental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in Utero Studies) – 65 AZIDES (ORGANIC) NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transplacental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in Utero Studies) – 65 AZORES Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal – 144 B STARS Search for the Decay of Neutral B Mesons to a Neutral K Star Meson and a Neutral K Meson Using the BaBar Detector – 401 BACILLUS Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219 Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 BACK INJURIES Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots – 267 Prevention of plaints – 277

Low

Back

Com-

BACTERIAL DISEASES Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 402 BACTERIA A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241

A-9

Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254 Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry – 235 Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm in Young Permanent Teeth – 244 BALANCING Balancing Multiple Sources of Reward in Reinforcement Learning – 334 GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space – 46 BALLAST (MASS) Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Versus Complete Coating in Ballast TanksFive Year Report – 71 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of New Surface Preparation and Coating Repair Techniques in Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67 BALLISTICS A Simple Data Logging System for Ballistic Applications – 135 Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for Functionally Graded Propellants – 111 BALLS Relative Equilibria for Two Rigid Bodies Connected by a Ball-in-Socket Joint – 405 BANDPASS FILTERS A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with Integrated TEM Transmission Lines – 129 BANDWIDTH Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF for Remotely Controlling LambdaPaths – 127 Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bundling and Filtration in Large-Scale Distributed Simulations – 136 System Dynamics and Control System for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator and Fast Tool Servo – 125 BARRELS (CONTAINERS) The Role of the NeurofibrominSyndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 235 BARYONS Charm Baryon Studies at BaBAR – 422 Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in BaBar – 401

A-10

BASALT The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Composition Sensitivity to Variations in Source and Process – 173 BATCH PROCESSING Improving Military Recruit Quality Through Smart Classification Technology – 305 BAUSCHINGER EFFECT FEA Software for Determination of Residual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes for a Range of Gun Steels With Bauschinger Effect – 104 BAYES THEOREM A Bayesian Approach to Predicting an Unknown Number of Targets Based on Sensor Performance – 372 Bayesian Model Averaging: Development of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene Selection and Classification Tool for Microarray Data – 244 Bayesian Regularization for Normal Mixture Estimation and Model-Based Clustering – 368 Computing Trust from Revision History – 435 Online Query Relaxation via Bayesian Causal Structures Discovery – 436 Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Averaging – 198 BAYS (STRUCTURAL UNITS) A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Bays – 13 BEACHES Including Nearshore Processes in Phase-Averaged Hydrodynamics Models – 391 BEAM INTERACTIONS Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for Luminosity Performance Studies – 422 BEAM NEUTRALIZATION Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 407 BEAM STEERING Beam Dynamics in a Spectrometer for the Polarized Positron Production Experiment – 156 BEAMFORMING Multiuser Transmit Beamforming for Maximum Sum Capacity in Tactical Wireless Multicast Networks – 402 BEAMS (RADIATION) Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 BED REST Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Associated with Spaceflight – 255

BEND TESTS Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced CarbonCarbon Bend Test and Analysis for Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Impact Damage Thresholds – 78 BENDING Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 BETATRONS Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407 BIAS Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors and its Implications – 137 BINARY DATA Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Capacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298 BINDERS (MATERIALS) Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105 BIOASTRONAUTICS NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 259 BIOCHEMISTRY Folding of Aggregated Proteins to Functionally Active Form – 233 Theoretical Investigation of the Feasibility of PTD-Mediated Translocation of Proteins Across Artificial Membranes – 240 BIODEGRADABILITY Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 246 BIODEGRADATION Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 246 BIOFILMS Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm in Young Permanent Teeth – 244 BIOINSTRUMENTATION Design and Performance of GMR Sensors for the Detection of Magnetic Microbeads in Biosensors – 400 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 259 BIOMAGNETISM Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts – 259 BIOMARKERS Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inhalation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biomarkers and Time Course of Lung Inflammation – 227

Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Selected Application of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients – 243 BIOMASS Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 BIOMEDICAL DATA Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Survey 1990-2005 – 248 Supporting Connectivity for Biomedical Research – 226 BIOMETRICS Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: 9/11 Commission Recommendations and Related Issues – 260 BIOMIMETICS Bio-Inspired, tion – 330

Odor-Based

Naviga-

BIONICS Probabilistic Methods for Addressing Uncertainty and Variability in Biological Models: Application to a Toxicokinetic Model – 202 BIOPROCESSING Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Cells, Tissues, and Medical Devices – 254 BIOTECHNOLOGY HFM-057: Biotechnologies for Assessment of Toxic Hazards in Operational Environments – 265 Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts – 259 BIPOLARITY Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections: Dominance of the Free Magnetic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Alone – 461

Design of the GNC System for a New Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope – 414 X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity – 449 BLOCK COPOLYMERS Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/PropyleneStyrene Triblock Copolymers – 108 BLOCKING Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Analytical Solutions and Approximations – 343 BLOOD CELLS Development of Novel Bifunctional Compounds that Induce Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells – 232 BLOOD CIRCULATION Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty – 257 Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to Prevent Local Cold Injuries – 242 BLOOD FLOW Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty – 257

BOILERS Method and Apparatus for the Portable Identification Of Material Thickness And Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Spatially Controlled Heat Application – 113 Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1, 2002-February 28, 2006.) – 87 BONDED JOINTS Analysis of Blocks – 110

Bonded

Elastic

BONDING Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Structure and Bonding – 75 Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mating Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 144 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109 BONE DEMINERALIZATION Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Associated with Spaceflight – 255 BONES Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19

BLOOD GROUPS Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply with Special Provision for Experiences in ISAF 2003 – 270

Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and Contact Microphones – 121

BLOOD VESSELS Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine and Surgical Simulation – 230

BOOSTER ROCKET ENGINES THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) the New Paradigm for Booster Rockets – 42

BLOOD VOLUME Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply with Special Provision for Experiences in ISAF 2003 – 270

Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242

BORON New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Recombination at Light-Induced BoronOxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174

BIREFRINGENCE Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Mitigation – 127

BLOOD Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply with Special Provision for Experiences in ISAF 2003 – 270

BOROSILICATE GLASS Macroscopic Cracking Determination in LaBS Glass – 97

BISMUTH Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion – 61

BLOWING Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Blown In Vacuo – 160

BIT ERROR RATE Research and Development of 160 Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Prototype and Related Technologies – 117

BODY TEMPERATURE Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man – 277

BOUNDARIES Shape Representation in V4: Investigating Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Confirmation with the Standard Model of Object Recognition – 252

BIVARIATE ANALYSIS Histogram Estimators of Bivariate Densities – 365

Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Wearing New Biological and Chemical Protective Combat Uniforms in MOPP 1 – 275

BLACK HOLES (ASTRONOMY) Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Vauum Decay – 397 Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449

BOEING 777 AIRCRAFT Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Electromagnetic Waves – 403 Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Transformation – 377 LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Small Flexible Spacecraft Using FreeFree Boundary Conditions – 38 BOUNDARY LAYER SEPARATION An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133

A-11

Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation – 31

Identification of Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast Cancer – 213

BUCKLING Scaling of Energy Absorption in Composites to Enhance Survivability – 79

BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS A Finite Difference Approximation for a Coupled System of Nonlinear SizeStructured Populations – 353

Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer – 210

BUFFERS Studies on Architecture and Control Technology for Optical Packet Switches – 127

BRAIN DAMAGE A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Early Predictors of Outcome – 249 BRAIN A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Early Predictors of Outcome – 249 Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors – 216 Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 BREADBOARD MODELS A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 BREAKWATERS Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Breakwater Systems – 194 BREAST Breast Cancer in African American Women: Molecular Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes – 202 Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Selected Application of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients – 243 Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast Cancer Among Women by Ethnicity – 209 cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Cooperate With Estrogen to Promote Estrogen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquitination and Proteolysis in ER Negative Breast Cancers – 250 CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Generation of Molecular Probes Capable of Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu Peptide Complex – 247 Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy – 243 Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Target for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212 Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpression of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resistance to Herceptin – 214 Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes for Breast Cancer – 214

A-12

Protein Transduction Based Therapies for Breast Cancer – 238 Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Breast Cancer – 205 Selenium and Growth – 235

Breast

Cancer

Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preoperatively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Cancer – 236 Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecular Target in Breast Cancer – 229

BUILDINGS Homeland Security Grant Formulas: A Comparison of Formula Provisions in S. 21 and H.R. 1544, 109th Congress – 168 The Interagency Security Committee and Security Standards for Federal Buildings – 167 White Sands Missile Range Urban Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single Building Part 1: Background and Overview – 143

BREATHING APPARATUS Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With 40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256

BULGARIA Commercial and Technical Evaluation of the Application of Gas Turbine Technology in Industrial Plants in Bulgaria – 26

BREEDER REACTORS Effects of Heat Treatment and Formulation on the Phase Composition and Chemical Durability of the EBR-II Ceramic Waste Form – 110

BUNA (TRADEMARK) Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assessment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160

BREMSSTRAHLUNG An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Reflection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Propulsion Device – 414

BURMA Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 87

BRIGHTNESS Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 High Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Postprint) – 157 BRINES Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines – 81 BROADBAND R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in the World – 127 BROADCASTING Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence and Hybrid Spread Spectrum – 405 Headline Generation for Written and Broadcast News – 432 BRONZES Friction Stir Processing and Fusion Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Bronze – 96 BRUSH SEALS Continued Investigation of Leakage and Power Loss Test Results for Competing Turbine Engine Seals – 162 BUBBLES Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Vauum Decay – 397 Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation – 147

BUTADIENE Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3Butadiene Decomposition – 90 BUTT JOINTS Soviet Technique for Estimating PostWelded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98 C (PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE) Pipeline Optimization Program (PLOP) – 377 C-17 AIRCRAFT Military Airlift: C-17 Aircraft Program – 9 CABIN ATMOSPHERES The Exploration Water Recovery System – 442 CABLES (ROPES) Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Effects of a Towline Using the Method of Characteristics – 16 CAFFEINE Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness during Sustained Operations – 274 Strategies to Improve Alertness during Extended Deployments – 263 The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274

CALCIUM Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Cancer – 227 CALIBRATING A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers – 112 Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration – 354 Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 In-Orbit Vicarious Calibration for Ocean Color and Aerosol Products – 200 Method and Apparatus for the Portable Identification Of Material Thickness And Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Spatially Controlled Heat Application – 113 Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Sharpness – 368 Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions – 48 Self-Calibrating ducer – 160

Pressure

Trans-

Two Methods for Calibration Without A Through Connection On A ThreeSampler Vector Analyzer – 283 Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strategies for Large DSN Arrays – 46 CALORIMETERS First Results with Prototype Detectors of the Si/W ECAL – 406 CAMERAS Distributed Compression in Camera Sensor Networks – 308

ATM Heterozygosity and the Development of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Morbidity Following Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer – 238 Baltimore City Faith-Based Prostate Cancer Prevention and Control Coalition – 215 Breast Cancer in African American Women: Molecular Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes – 201 Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Selected Application of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients – 243 Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Resveratrol – 239 Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of Black Men to Screening for Prostate Cancer – 233 Characterization of a Novel Intracellular Receptor for Phorbol Esters and Diacylglycerol in Prostate Cancer – 212 Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 247 Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast Cancer Among Women by Ethnicity – 209 cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Cooperate With Estrogen to Promote Estrogen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquitination and Proteolysis in ER Negative Breast Cancers – 250

GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium Chemoprevention of ProstateCancer – 238 Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpression of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resistance to Herceptin – 214 High Throughput Screen to Identify Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer Metastasis – 236 Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes that Regulate Radiation Responses in Prostate Cancer Cells – 211 Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes for Breast Cancer – 214 Identification of Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast Cancer – 213 Identify the Impact of TGF-Beta Signaling on the Stroma in the Progression of Prostate Cancer – 234 Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases for Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancer – 215 Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer – 210 Internet-Based Cervical Screening Program – 232 Intra-Prostate ducer – 249

Cancer

Cytology

Vaccine

In-

Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Prostate Cancer Radioresistance – 215 Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for Advanced Prostate Cancer – 246

Vision Based Localization in Urban Environments – 155

CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Generation of Molecular Probes Capable of Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu Peptide Complex – 247

CANADA Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 18

Development of Novel Bifunctional Compounds that Induce Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells – 232

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Military Personnel – 187

Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy – 243

Molecular Targeting of the P13K/Akt Pathway to Prevent the Development Hormone Resistant Prostate Cancer – 210

Effect of HIF-12 Alpha Polymorphism on the Incidence and Severity of Prostate – 208

MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning for Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer – 207

Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral Structures for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence After Prostate Cancer Spray – 209

Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245

Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey Project - Canada – 337 CANCER A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 Activation and Protection of Dendritic Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environment – 227 Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 205 An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy Agents – 237 Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Functions of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen – 206

Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Target for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212 Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A Randomized Controlled Trial – 249 Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer – 211 Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer – 248

Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabolism and Progression From High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN) to Prostate Cancer – 216

Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Cancer – 227 Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Prostate Cancer – 213 Positional Cloning of an Ashkenzai Jewish Hereditary Prostate Cancer – 227 Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245 Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Hexaphosphate – 230

A-13

Protein Transduction Based Therapies for Breast Cancer – 238

Smart Structures and Wavelet Based System Identification – 344

PSES-A Novel Prostate Specific Chimeric Enhancer for Prostate Cancer Gene Therapy – 246

CAPACITANCE Design of Current Impulse Generator – 131

Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Breast Cancer – 205

Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sensing – 127

Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vascular Endothelium – 249

CAPACITORS Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Very Large Time-Constant Circuits – 406

Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation in Prostate Cancer – 251 Regulation of p53 Activity by ReversibleAcetylation in Prostate Tumor Suppression – 206 Selenium and Growth – 235

Breast

Cancer

Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer – 205 Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and Mortality in Black and White Men in the Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties – 208 Suppression of Prostate Cancer by PTEN and p18INK4c – 218 Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242 The Clinical Development of Thalildomide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245 The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in Prostatic Oncogenesis – 207 Tocotrienols and Prostate Cancer – 207 Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects on Prostate Cancer – 250 Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preoperatively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Cancer – 236 Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 246 Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecular Target in Breast Cancer – 229 XIAP as a Molecular Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Prostate Cancer – 209 Zinc Deficiency and Microtubule Function in Prostate Cells – 211 CANS Analytical Results of DWPF Glass Sample Taken During Filling of Canister S01913: Summary Report – 105 CANTILEVER BEAMS Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Resistance of Composite Laminates Under Mode I Loading – 79 Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Control of Transverse Beam Vibrations: Experimental Implementation – 403

A-14

Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor NonFiltering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifiers – 405 High Energy Density Cryogenic Capacitors – 138 Magnetic Field Response Sensor For Conductive Media – 139 CARBOHYDRATES Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model Compounds in Structure Control – 84 CARBON DIOXIDE International Symposium on Site Characterization for CO(sub 2) Geological Storage – 187 Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seeding – 86 Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Cargo Industry – 6 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards – 72 CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS Identification of Materiel Damage in Two Dimensional Domains Using Squid Based NDE System – 365 CARBON FIBERS Nanoscale Mechanism of Composite Reinforcement by Fibers and Filler, Theoretical Computation and Experimental Validation of the Theory Using Rubber/Short Carbon Fiber Compounds – 80 CARBON MONOXIDE CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 CARBON NANOTUBES Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139 Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Cells, Tissues, and Medical Devices – 254

Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Ethical Implications and Human Risk Assessment – 201 CARBON STEELS Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Castings (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 165 Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1, 2002-February 28, 2006.) – 87 Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Complex Radioactive High Level Radioactive Waste – 97 CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceouschondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Melt Asteroids – 193 Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of LowFeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 454 Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189 CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and PostAnnealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES Characterization of Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Materials for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation – 45 Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced CarbonCarbon Bend Test and Analysis for Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Impact Damage Thresholds – 78 CARBON Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith Formation from H3 Chondrite Material by Possible Cometary Impact – 454 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems from Molecular Structure by SPARC – 283 CARBURIZING Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Army Main Battle Tank Components – 99

CARCINOGENS NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transplacental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in Utero Studies) – 65 CARDIOLOGY Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Tests – 236 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain during Manual Work in Cold Weather – 197 Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors – 216

CATHODIC COATINGS Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Versus Complete Coating in Ballast TanksFive Year Report – 71

CERAMIC FIBERS Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Fiber Orientation – 90

CATIONS Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI Semiconductors – 178

CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Fiber Orientation – 90

Electronic Structure Studies of High Energy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) – 93 CAVITIES Elliptically Polarized Modes in RF Cavities – 401 Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105

Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vascular Endothelium – 249

Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418

Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for Detecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies at Remote Military of Native American Health Care Facilities – 231

Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm in Young Permanent Teeth – 244

The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Particle Study – 222 CARGO AIRCRAFT Simulation of Weapons Release from Cargo Aircraft – 8 CARGO Simulation of Weapons Release from Cargo Aircraft – 8 CARRIAGES Environmental Assessment (EA): Proposed Carriage Test Facility, Hill Air Force Base, Utah – 186 CARRIER WAVES Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multiplexing for High-Capacity Optical Networks – 335 Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Code-Division Multiple-Access for HighCapacity Optical Networks – 122 CASSINI MISSION Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 447 CASTINGS Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Castings (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 165 CASUALTIES Csv_to_ZDIFF: A Translator in the CASRED Tool Set, Version 1.4 – 312 CATALYSIS Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Vauum Decay – 397 CATALYSTS Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Blends of Inert and Catalytic Agents – 91 New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sensitive Equipment Decontamination – 92

Effects of Frequency and Environment on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg. C – 88 CERAMICS Ab-Initio Calculations of Structure and Properties of Nanolaminated MAX Phases – 139 Dynamic Compressive Responses and Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics Under High Confinement – 94

Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics – 2

Effects of Heat Treatment and Formulation on the Phase Composition and Chemical Durability of the EBR-II Ceramic Waste Form – 110

CAVITY FLOW Control of Acoustics and Store Separation in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow – 8

Foreign Object Damage in a GasTurbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials – 26

CAVITY RESONATORS Control of Acoustics and Store Separation in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow – 8

Model Development for Piezoceramic Nanopositioners – 106

CELESTIAL MECHANICS Gyroscopic Control and tion – 445

Stabiliza-

CELLS (BIOLOGY) Control of Growth Within Drosophila Peripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Kinase A – 205 CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Generation of Molecular Probes Capable of Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu Peptide Complex – 247 Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders With Mitochondrial Dysfunction – 228 Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Controls – 339 Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Cells, Tissues, and Medical Devices – 254 CENTAUR LAUNCH VEHICLE Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management – 143 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233 Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITS Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Capacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298

Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actuators – 106 Testing to Evaluate the Suitability of Waste Forms Developed for Electrometallurgically Treated Spent SodiumBounded Nuclear Fuel for Disposal in the Yucca Mountain Repository – 109 Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumentation Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center – 151 CEREBRAL CORTEX A New Biologically Motivated Framework for Robust Object Recognition – 334 A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex – 251 Object Recognition with Features Inspired by Visual Cortex – 332 Organization of Response Areas in Ferret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220 CHAFF Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14 CHAINS Motion Control and Planning for Nonholonomic Kinematic Chains – 342 CHANGE DETECTION A Comparison of Change Detection Statistics in POLSAR Images – 315 Near Real-Time Event Detection & Prediction Using Intelligent Software Agents – 43 Three-Dimensional Change Detection With the Use of an Evidence Grid – 154

A-15

CHANNEL FLOW Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146

CHEMICAL LASERS COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92

Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Ions – 81

CHANNEL WINGS Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation – 32

CHEMICAL OXYGEN-IODINE LASERS COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92

Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80

CHAOS Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model Compounds in Structure Control – 84

CHLORINATION Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96

CHARACTER RECOGNITION Document Image Understanding 1997 – 428

CHEMICAL REACTIONS COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92

-

CHARACTERIZATION Channel Characterization for EHF Satellite Communications on the Move – 123 Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propagation and Global Modeling – 194 International Symposium on Site Characterization for CO(sub 2) Geological Storage – 187 On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 351 CHARGE DISTRIBUTION Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 CHARGE TRANSFER Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 405 CHARM (PARTICLE PHYSICS) Charm Spectroscopy at BABAR – 421

Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) with Small Molecules – 92 O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction Probabilities in DSMC – 357 CHEMICAL WARFARE Correlation of Chemical Warfare Surrogate Tests on Air-Permeable Chemical Protective Uniforms – 115 Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Survey 1990-2005 – 248 Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL – 95 CHEMOTHERAPY Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Resveratrol – 239 Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy – 243

CHLORINE COMPOUNDS Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 CHLORINE Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 231 CHLOROCARBONS On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays – 84 CHOLESKY FACTORIZATION Toward Direct Sparse Updates Cholesky Factors – 351

of

CHOLINESTERASE New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically Block Organophosphorylation – 219

Decay

GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium Chemoprevention of ProstateCancer – 238

CHONDRITES A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites – 189

Exclusive Charmless Semileptonic Decays B yields X(sub u)lV from BABAR – 420

Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245

Aluminian Low-Ca Pyroxene in a Ca-Alrich Chondrule from the Semarkona Meteorite – 456

Inclusive Measurements of Vub from BaBar – 421

Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Prostate Cancer – 213

Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Events on the LL Parent Body – 455

Dalitz Plot Analysis of B+yields K+K+K- – 397

the

Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in BaBar – 401 CHARTS RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC), Clean Air Technology Center, Annual Report for 2005 – 185 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ISS Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Project -2006 Update – 80 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189 CHEMICAL EXPLOSIONS Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Characterize Violence with Varying Confinement – 76

A-16

Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer – 205 CHESAPEAKE BAY (US) Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Breakwater Systems – 194 CHILDREN Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 87 Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for Detecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies at Remote Military of Native American Health Care Facilities – 231 CHINA China’s Oil Rush in Africa – 107 CHLORIDES Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chloride Solutions Containing Organic Acids – 81

Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith Formation from H3 Chondrite Material by Possible Cometary Impact – 454 Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Chondrites – 190 Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift in the O Isotopic Composition of the Solar Nebula – 455 Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Chondrites – 189 Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Breccia – 456 Postshock Annealing and Postannealing Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chondrites: Implications for the Thermal and Shock Histories of Chondritic Asteroids – 456

Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Composition, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule Size – 190 Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LLChondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling – 453 Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt Breccia that Experienced Post-shock Annealing – 457 Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Type II Chondrules and Limited Overgrowths on Phenocrysts Following the Final Melting Event – 191 CHONDRULE A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Olivine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Semarkona that Experienced Limited Remelting – 189 Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith Formation from H3 Chondrite Material by Possible Cometary Impact – 454 Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift in the O Isotopic Composition of the Solar Nebula – 455 Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceouschondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Melt Asteroids – 192 Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of LowFeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454

CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man – 277 Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment – 272 Support of Mission and Work Scheduling by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276 CIRCUITS A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex – 252 Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Circuits – 325 Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Very Large Time-Constant Circuits – 406 Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 62 Frequency Selective Materials for Control of Radiated Emissions and Interference Suppression, Phase 2 – 149 General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252 High Accuracy Multidimensional Parameterized Surrogate Models for Fast Optimization of Microwave Circuits in the Industry Standard Circuit Simulators – 108 Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit Synthesis and Testing – 138 CIRCULAR ORBITS Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Gravitational Field – 34

Adding Numbers to Text Classification – 428 Bayesian Model Averaging: Development of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene Selection and Classification Tool for Microarray Data – 244 Confidence Bands Curves – 330

for

ROC

Improving Military Recruit Quality Through Smart Classification Technology – 305 Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vision Systems – 337 Regularization Through Feature Knock Out – 338 The Challenges of Information Management in the Networked Battlespace: Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and the Warfighter – 431 The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned – 278 Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal Classification – 438 CLASSIFIERS Confidence Bands Curves – 330

for

ROC

CLEANING Economic Impact Analysis of the Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Residual Risk Standard – 184 The National Shipbuilding Research Program)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning Methods and Tooling Evaluation – 98

CIRCULATION Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer – 211

CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE Turbulence and mountain wave conditions observed with an airborne 2-micron lidar – 25

Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Type II Chondrules and Limited Overgrowths on Phenocrysts Following the Final Melting Event – 191

CIRRUS CLOUDS CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199

CLIENT SERVER SYSTEMS Client/Server Model for Distributed Computing: An Implementation – 328

CHROMATOGRAPHY Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Resveratrol – 239

CIVIL AVIATION NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5

Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 454

Folding of Aggregated Proteins to Functionally Active Form – 233 Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separation Column – 83

National Airspace System Modernization: Observations on Potential Funding Options for FAA and the Next Generation Airspace System – 11

CHROMITES Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Chondrites – 191

CLADDING The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing – 103

CHROMOSOMES The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in Prostatic Oncogenesis – 207

CLASSIFICATIONS A Four-Component Decomposition of POLSAR Image – 426

CLIMATE CHANGE Examination of the Armagh Observatory Annual Mean Temperature Record, 1844-2004 – 199 CLIMATE Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems Analysis – 182 Operator Functional State Assessment (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle de i’operateur humain) – 256 Wave Climate and Wave Response, Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii – 385 CLIMATOLOGY CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199

A-17

CLINICAL MEDICINE Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 – 253 Report of Visit to the Public Health College and Training Center at Gondar, February 22-25, 1961 – 219 Second Annual Clinical Diabetes Technology Meeting – 204 The Clinical Development of Thalildomide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245 Trauma Symptomatology Among Female U.S. Navy Recruits – 237 CLONING (BIOLOGY) A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241 Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254

Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of Coastal Inlet Navigation Channels – 172 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Patrol Boat – 101

New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Weather-Related Accidents – 24

Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173

CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multiplexing for High-Capacity Optical Networks – 335

COATINGS A Purchasing Agent’s Guide to Buying Paints and Coatings – 66

Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Code-Division Multiple-Access for HighCapacity Optical Networks – 122

Abatement of Marine Coatings Containing Heavy Metals – 65

Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of Optical Signals – 122

Automated Blasting & Recovery of Coatings Removed From Ship Hulls – 73 Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104

Positional Cloning of an Ashkenzai Jewish Hereditary Prostate Cancer – 227

Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Surface Preparation and Coatings – 73

CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Particle Study – 222

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Development of Non-Polluting, Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Systems For Ships – 72

CLOUDS (METEOROLOGY) CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199

COCKPIT WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEMS Longitudinal Study of the Market Penetration of Cockpit Weather Information Systems – 25

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of New Surface Preparation and Coating Repair Techniques in Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67

Discrimination Against Partially Overlapping Interference -Its Effect on Throughput in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Access Channels – 341 CODE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 CODERS Extension of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433 Military Speech Communications over Vocoders in Tandem – 331 Objective Measurement of the Speech Transmission Quality of Vocoders by Means of the Speech Transmission Index – 331

CLUSTER MISSION Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission – 117

COATING Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Versus Complete Coating in Ballast TanksFive Year Report – 71

CLUTTER Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? – 333

Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104

CODING Analysis and Coding for Multiple-Access Channels – 121

Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for Underwater Service (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 71

Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Free Codes – 217

Impact of Diverse Polarisations on Clutter Statistics – 363 Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios – 85 COAL Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1, 2003 to September 30, 2005 – 82 From Sequential Extraction to Transport Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Contaminants – 64

The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coating Life Phase. Phase 2 – 66 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Development of Non-Polluting, Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Systems For Ships – 72 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of New Surface Preparation and Coating Repair Techniques in Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67 Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI6AL-4V Under Fretting – 99

COASTS Assessment of Shore Protection Project Performance Following the 2004 Hurricane Season – 196

Work Planning for Shipyard Surface Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A Training Manual) – 100

Evaluation of Potential JHSV Port and Alternative Offload Sites in Coastal North Carolina – 439

COCHLEA Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the Human Head – 410

Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Transformation – 377

Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19

A-18

Distributed Compression in Camera Sensor Networks – 308 Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224 Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Commercial GPS Receiver Through Software Approach (Preprint) – 306 COGNITION A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240 Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments – 266 Comment ameliorer la selection et le traitement des messages verbaux? (How to Improve the Selection and Processing of Verbal Messages) – 121

Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep Deprivation – 257

Building Psychological Resiliency and Mitigating the Risks of Combat and Deployment Stressors Faced by Soldiers – 278

Extension of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433

Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia: Potential Implications – 23

Machine Learning for the Knowledge Plane – 306 COHERENT RADIATION Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multiplexing for High-Capacity Optical Networks – 335 Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Code-Division Multiple-Access for HighCapacity Optical Networks – 122

Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? – 332 Crew Integration and Automation Technologies – 114 Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Land Combat Study – 277

Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418

Integration and Application of Human Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: Assessment of Network Centric Warfare Capabilities – 268

COLD GAS Modeling Impacts for Cold-Gas Dynamic Spray – 94

Long-Distance Government Flights - A Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat Sorties? – 262

COLD TOLERANCE Assessment of Local Cold Tolerance of Individuals by using Conventional and Unconventional Methods Based on Observation of CIVD Reactivity – 258

Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective – 266

Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frostbite during Exposure to Cold Winds – 197 COLD WEATHER Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 271 Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain during Manual Work in Cold Weather – 197 Effect of the Forearm Tissue Temperature on the Cold Induced Vasodilation – 198 COLLISION AVOIDANCE Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO – 57 Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architectures and Motion Control – 300 COLLISIONS Conservative Analytical Collision Probabilities for Orbital Formation Flying – 57

Methodological Issues when Assessing Dismounted Soldier Mobility Performance – 264 Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262 Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 – 253 Research and Operational Support for the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal Thai Government – 213 Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to Xpatch – 313 Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach – 261 Stress and port – 277

Psychological

Sup-

COLLOIDS Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Controls – 340

Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution Planning and Control – 121

COLONIES Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 175

U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness – 273

X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstructure (PREPRINT) – 103 COMBAT A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270

Wireless Sensor Network Applications for the Combat Air Forces – 8 COMBINATORIAL ANALYSIS Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials – 179 Combining Variable Selection with Dimensionality Reduction – 371

COMBUSTION CHAMBERS Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Flow Path and Sampling System – 26 COMBUSTION Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1, 2003 to September 30, 2005 – 82 Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419 Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Premixed Flames – 353 Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames – 146 Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Organophosphorus Compounds – 69 Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors – 61 Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seeding – 86 COMETARY COLLISIONS Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith Formation from H3 Chondrite Material by Possible Cometary Impact – 454 COMETS Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guidebook – 444 COMFORT Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Correction Insert Stability Evaluation – 261 COMMAND AND CONTROL A Notional Battlespace for Simulating and Testing Dynamic Wireless Networks – 374 Application of Shift Work Scheduling Principles and Tools for Optimizing Console Based Operations – 263 Enabling Cultural Adaptability – 265 Integration and Application of Human Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: Assessment of Network Centric Warfare Capabilities – 268 Nuclear Command and Control: Current Programs and Issues – 118 SSC San Diego Brief 2002 – 322 Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433 Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution Planning and Control – 121

A-19

COMMAND MODULES Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Vehicle Structure Concepts for Mass Optimization – 168

COMMUNICATION SATELLITES National Security Space Policy in the U.S. and Europe. Trends and Choices – 34

COMPRESSORS Active Control of Compressor Stall inception: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Approach – 148

COMMERCE Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organizations: A Preliminary Report – 299

COMPACTING On a Powder lem – 69

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS Initiation of Detonation in a Large Tube – 28

Building SMART Leadership – 423 Creating Agile Business through ServiceOriented Architecture – 284 eReadiness of cesses – 287

Business

Pro-

Evaluation of the Quality of an Information Security Management System – 289 From Distance Learning to Blended Learning: A Program Incorporating Multiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning Examples from V-learn.ie – 285 Longitudinal Study of the Market Penetration of Cockpit Weather Information Systems – 25 NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375 Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses to Service Failure – 288 COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT Aviation Security-Related Findings and Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission – 7 Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues – 10 COMMERCIAL OFF-THE-SHELF PRODUCTS An Investigation Into Robust Wind Correction Algorithms for Off-the Shelf Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Autopilots – 16 COMMERCIALIZATION A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System – 287 COMMUNICATION NETWORKS A New Conceptual Framework for NetCentric, Enterprise-Wide, System-ofSystems Engineering – 386

Consolidation

Prob-

COMPENSATORS Adaptive Compensators for Perturbed Positive Real Infinite Dimensional Systems – 378 Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133

COMPLEX SYSTEMS Contingency Software in Autonomous Systems: Technical Level Briefing – 316

COMPUTATION Computing Trust from Revision History – 435

Systems of Systems: Scaling Up the Development Process – 327

Remarks on Uncertainty Assessment and Management in Modeling and Computation – 348

University-Industry Relations in Hungary: Establishment Scheme of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Information Technology Innovation and Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN A Facilitator Method for Upstream Design Activities with Diverse Stakeholders – 310

COMPOSITE MATERIALS Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Resistance of Composite Laminates Under Mode I Loading – 79 Nanoscale Mechanism of Composite Reinforcement by Fibers and Filler, Theoretical Computation and Experimental Validation of the Theory Using Rubber/Short Carbon Fiber Compounds – 79 Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Research and Development (R&R) Support: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Earth Magnets – 102 Scaling of Energy Absorption in Composites to Enhance Survivability – 79

Interchange Arguments in Stochastic Scheduling – 380

Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79

Mitigating TCP Degradation over Intermittent Link Failures using Intermediate Buffers – 120

COMPOSITION (PROPERTY) Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of LowFeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454

Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission – 117

A-20

SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Program – 148 Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Airfoil – 15

Experiments of a Terabit-Class SuperNetwork – 117

Multiuser Transmit Beamforming for Maximum Sum Capacity in Tactical Wireless Multicast Networks – 402

Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics – 2

COMPETITION Integration of an Economy Under Imperfect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Ecological Model – 283

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES Characterization of Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Materials for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation – 45

Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence and Hybrid Spread Spectrum – 405

Numerical Simulations of the Fish Passage Facilities at Lower Granite Dam – 386

COMPRESSIBILITY Dynamic Compressive Responses and Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics Under High Confinement – 94

Using SolidWorks & CFD to Create the Next Generation Airlocks – 142

Agent-Based Engineering Analysis – 324

Drawing

Applications of Digital Transfer of Computer Aided Design Data for Production Usage (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of High-Performance Vacuum Electronic Devices – 434 Computer-Assisted Methodology for the Determination of the Optimal Number and Location of Tool Sheds (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 379 Control System Design for a Flexible Arm – 298 Designers and Their Tools: Computer Support for Domain Construction – 311 Harnessing Simulation of Naval Shipyards – 304 Results From Use of an Integrated Schedule for Drawing Development and Equipment Procurement (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufacture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of Shipbuilding CAD/CAM Systems (Phase I) – 296 User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Software (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304

COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164 Group Technology/Flow Applications Research (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 260 The Application of Intelligent Robotic Systems and Lasers for Manufacturing – 157 The Information Flow Requirements of the Design and Procurement Processes of Shipbuilding Programs – 306 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufacture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of Shipbuilding CAD/CAM Systems (Phase I) – 296 The Use of Computers in Advancing Group Technology (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 306 User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Software (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Feasibility Study (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 329 COMPUTER AIDED TOMOGRAPHY Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation – 147 COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Framework for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems – 10 COMPUTER GRAPHICS An Integrated Approach to Motion and Sound – 302 Web-Based Graphics for Battlespace Terrain Ownership – 313 COMPUTER INFORMATION SECURITY Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Circuits – 325 Automated Discovery of Mimicry Attacks – 380 Defining Incident Management Processes for CSIRTs: A Work in Progress – 322 Distributed Tracing of Intruders – 345 Eros-based ent – 313

Confined

Capability

Cli-

Source Authentication for Multicast in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks – 318 COMPUTER NETWORKS A New Conceptual Framework for NetCentric, Enterprise-Wide, System-ofSystems Engineering – 386 Defining Cyberspace as a USA Air Force Mission – 430

Development of a Malicious Insider Composite Vulnerability Assessment Methodology – 324

System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 433

Development of Mathematical Models of Immune Networks Intended for Information Security Assurance – 326

The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing – 285

Distributed Tracing of Intruders – 345 Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Capacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298

COMPUTER PROGRAMS A Smart Web Platform for Telematics Services Toward Ubiquitous Environments – 324

Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation for Distributed Sensor Networks and Missile Seeker Systems – 293

Active Relations for Specifying and Implementing Software Object Management – 326

Intrusion Tolerance for Unclassified Networked Systems – 317

Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine and Surgical Simulation – 230

Neural Networks for Low Level Processing of Tactile Sensory Data – 294

Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for Enhanced Signal Processing – 301

Neural Networks for Tactile Perception – 294

CMMI for 1.2 – 307

Supporting Connectivity for Biomedical Research – 226

Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint) – 42

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability Taxonomies – 295 Air Vehicle Technology Integration Program (AVTIP) Delivery Order 0015: Open Control Platform (OCP) Software Enabled Control (SEC) Hardware in the Loop Simulation - OCP Hardware Integration – 7 Appraisal Requirements for CMMI, Version 1.2 (ARC, V1.2) – 309 CMMI for 1.2 – 307

Development,

Version

CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: What We Learned – 297 ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture for Feedback Control of Software Performance – 296 Event-Based rency – 379

Detection

of

Concur-

Investigating the Applicability of Architecture Description in Configuration Management and Software Deployment – 303 MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of Efficient Native Supercomputing for Microsoft Windows Architecture – 288 .NET Security: Lessons Learned and Missed from Java – 295 Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296 Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) and Final Design Review (FDR) Criteria – 297 Spiral System Implementation Methodology: Application of the Knowledge Web and Network-Centric Best Practices – 384

Development,

Version

Computational Modeling of Multicomponent Diffusion Using Fortran – 394 Csv_to_ZDIFF: A Translator in the CASRED Tool Set, Version 1.4 – 312 Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Free Codes – 217 Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft Sediments: Experimental Evidence and Predictions – 365 Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems from Molecular Structure by SPARC – 282 How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful Animations for Teaching and Research Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camtasia(TradeMark) – 287 Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern Realizations – 303 Multidisciplinary Environments: A History of Engineering Framework Development – 317 Object-Oriented Design and Implementation of Computer Chess – 303 Pipeline Optimization (PLOP) – 377

Program

Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Commercial GPS Receiver Through Software Approach (Preprint) – 306 Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to Xpatch – 313 Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring System (TAO ITS) – 308 Techniques for Developing an Acquisition Strategy by Profiling Software Risks – 307

A-21

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Measuring Systems for Increased Accuracy and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Repair – 311

COMPUTER VISION A New Biologically Motivated Framework for Robust Object Recognition – 334

User Manual for EXPRESS, the ‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30, 2006 – 283

Object Recognition with Features Inspired by Visual Cortex – 332

User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Software (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 COMPUTER STORAGE DEVICES A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for Distributed Configuration Management – 310 Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Analytical Solutions and Approximations – 343 COMPUTER SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE Failure Assessment – 315 COMPUTER SYSTEMS PROGRAMS Investigating the Applicability of Architecture Description in Configuration Management and Software Deployment – 304 COMPUTER TECHNIQUES An Algorithm for the Accurate Localization of Sounds – 137 B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Radiology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual Search Efficiency – 213

Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents – 151

On the Role of Object-Specific Features for Real World Object Recognition in Biological Vision – 338 Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vision Systems – 337 Regularization Through Feature Knock Out – 338 COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION A Notional Battlespace for Simulating and Testing Dynamic Wireless Networks – 374 Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to an Existing Training Simulation – 332 Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine and Surgical Simulation – 230 AFIT UAV Swarm Mission Planning and Simulation System – 18 An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer – 53 Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Without Programmers – 309 Composable Simulations – 305 Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Capacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298

Computer-Assisted Methodology for the Determination of the Optimal Number and Location of Tool Sheds (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 379

Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136

Customized Information Extraction as a Basis for Resource Discovery – 435

Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration – 354

Spiral System Implementation Methodology: Application of the Knowledge Web and Network-Centric Best Practices – 384

O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction Probabilities in DSMC – 357

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufacture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle Measurement for Inclining Experiments – 307

Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simulation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tunneling Devices – 132 Simulation of Weapons Release from Cargo Aircraft – 8 Swedish Projects – 11 Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring System (TAO ITS) – 308 Utility of Niche Models in Developing Site Assessments Technologies Associated With Aquatic Nuisance Species Invasions at Corps Facilities – 305

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Measuring Systems for Increased Accuracy and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Repair – 311

COMPUTERS Designers and Their Tools: Computer Support for Domain Construction – 311

COMPUTER VIRUSES Attack Processes Found on the Internet – 323

The Use of Computers in Advancing Group Technology (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 306

A-22

Distributed Tracing of Intruders – 345

CONCENTRATORS Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a StructurallyEfficient, High-Performance, LargeAperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation – 180 New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, TripleBandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for HighEfficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Systems – 176 CONCURRENT ENGINEERING Evaluating Product Machinability for Concurrent Engineering – 385 CONDITIONS Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Environment – 333 CONDUCTORS Fast Erase Method and Apparatus For Digital Media – 429 CONFERENCES International Symposium on Site Characterization for CO(sub 2) Geological Storage – 187 Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An MIT Security Studies Program Conference – 123 Quality Education and ‘Quality Papers’ – 166 Ship Production Symposium Held in Seattle, Washington on August 24-26, 1988 (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation Material for Shipboard Piping -- NonHalogenated Polyphosphazene Foam – 68 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufacture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards – 72 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle Measurement for Inclining Experiments – 307 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Evaluation and Improvements – 101

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109

CONICAL BODIES Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid Payload: The Candlestick Problem and Porous Media – 142

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measurement of Shipboard Piping Using a Portable Coordinate Measuring Machine (PCMM) – 163

CONJUGATES Generalized tions – 374

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Patrol Boat – 101

Conjugate

Direc-

CONNECTORS New Perspectives for Power Transmission in the European Liberalized Electricity Market and Possible Role of FourPhase Systems – 132

CONTAINMENT General Purpose Fissile Package, A Replacement for the 6M Specification Package – 76 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Combined Abrasive Recycling and Containment - Final Report With Summary and Conclusions – 67 CONTAMINANTS From Sequential Extraction to Transport Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Contaminants – 64

CONSERVATION Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Military Personnel – 187

Screening Evaluations for Upland Confined Disposal Facility Effluent Quality – 84

CONSISTENCY Strong Consistency of the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Estimation – 370

CONTAMINATION Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactivation of LNG Tankers: Lessons Learned – 111

CONSOLES Application of Shift Work Scheduling Principles and Tools for Optimizing Console Based Operations – 263

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Measuring Systems for Increased Accuracy and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Repair – 311

CONSOLIDATION On a Powder lem – 69

Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Status Markers after their Homecoming – 271

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing – 102

CONFIDENCE LIMITS Confidence Bands Curves – 330

for

ROC

CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for Distributed Configuration Management – 310 A Reusable, Distributed Repository for Configuration Management Policy Programming – 312 Investigating the Applicability of Architecture Description in Configuration Management and Software Deployment – 303 Visualizing Parallel Workspace Activities – 377 CONFINEMENT Dynamic Compressive Responses and Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics Under High Confinement – 94 Eros-based ent – 313

Confined

Capability

Cli-

Screening Evaluations for Upland Confined Disposal Facility Effluent Quality – 84 Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Characterize Violence with Varying Confinement – 76 CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past Production of Nuclear Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress – 186

Consolidation

Prob-

CONSTANTS Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems from Molecular Structure by SPARC – 283 Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3Butadiene Decomposition – 90 CONSTELLATIONS Station-Keeping Requirements for Astronomical Imaging with Constellations of Free-Flying Collectors – 56 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Terrorism and its Impact on the Construction Industry – 168 CONSTRUCTION Designers and Their Tools: Computer Support for Domain Construction – 311 Terrorism and its Impact on the Construction Industry – 168 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Patrol Boat – 101 CONSUMERS Depository Services: Comptroller’s Handbook, September 2006 – 282 Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses to Service Failure – 288 CONTACT LENSES Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effective or is Refractive Surgery a Better Option? – 262

CONTINGENCY Contingency Software in Autonomous Systems: Technical Level Briefing – 316 CONTINUOUS WAVE LASERS Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode – 156 CONTRACT MANAGEMENT Contract Management: Service Contract Approach to Aircraft Simulator Training Has Room for Improvement – 32 CONTRACTION Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Mapping Estimator for Frequency Estimation – 350 On the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Detection – 370 Strong Consistency of the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Estimation – 370 CONTROL BOARDS Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 CONTROL EQUIPMENT Global Radius of Curvature Estimation and Control System for Segmented Mirrors – 166 Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Cells, Tissues, and Medical Devices – 254 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 435

A-23

CONTROL SIMULATION Air Vehicle Technology Integration Program (AVTIP) Delivery Order 0015: Open Control Platform (OCP) Software Enabled Control (SEC) Hardware in the Loop Simulation - OCP Hardware Integration – 8

CONTROLLABILITY Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31

A Global Convergence Theory for the Celis-Dennis-Tapia Trust Region Algorithm for Constrained Optimization – 345

High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – 394

A Smart Web Platform for Telematics Services Toward Ubiquitous Environments – 324

CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Framework – 58

Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141

Convergence Analysis of a Class of Networks of Nonlinear Coupled Oscillators – 128

The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58

On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 351

Control System Design for a Flexible Arm – 298

CONTROLLERS Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation – 165

On the Convergence of the MizunoTodd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center of the Solution Set – 349

Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and Compensators: A State-Dependent Riccati Equation Approach – 355

On the Convergence of the Tapia Indicators in the Absence of Strict Complementarity – 350

Bifurcation Control of Chaotic Dynamical Systems – 385

CONTROL A Hybrid Control Strategy for Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance With NonHolonomic Robots – 389

The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the Hessian in Constrained Optimization – 351

Decentralized Control and Decentralized Adaptive Control – 384

Application of Center Manifold Reduction to System Stabilization – 392

Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359

Control System Design for a Flexible Arm – 298

Gyroscopic tion – 445

Stabiliza-

Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases – 394

Language Stability and Stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 383

Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359

Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying – 59 CONTROL THEORY Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO – 57

Control

and

Linear Control Theory as Applied to Smart Structures – 372 Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Database Systems in the Framework of Discrete Event Systems – 373 Modeling and Control of Physical Processes Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition – 378 Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-ofAttack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation Control – 31

Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Optimal Movement – 359 High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – 394 Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architectures and Motion Control – 300 Linear Feedback Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems with an Uncontrollable Critical Mode – 393 Optimal Control and Poisson Reduction – 360

Well-Posedness and Convergence of Some Regularization Methods for Nonlinear Ill-Posed Problems – 393 CONVEXITY Multiuser Transmit Beamforming for Maximum Sum Capacity in Tactical Wireless Multicast Networks – 402 COOLANTS ISS Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Project -2006 Update – 80 COOLING Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 63 Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LLChondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling – 453 COORDINATION Design and Implementation of Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Separated Space Interferometry – 443

On Stabilization with a Prescribed Region of Asymptotic Stability – 392

Robust Control of Bifurcating Nonlinear Systems With Applications – 342

Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions With Application to Flexible Manufacturing Systems – 382

CONVECTION CURRENTS Role of Deep Convection in Establishing the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195

COPOLYMERS Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/PropyleneStyrene Triblock Copolymers – 108

CONVECTION CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199

COPPER Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI6AL-4V Under Fretting – 100

Predicates and Predicate Transformers for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 382 Progress Toward a Format Standard for Flight Dynamics Models – 30 Studies on Architecture and Control Technology for Optical Packet Switches – 127 CONTROL VALVES Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assessment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160 Xenon Feed System Progress – 92

A-24

CONVERGENCE A Convergence Theory for a Class of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 388 A Global Convergence Theory for General Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for Equality Constrained Optimization – 347

Enabling Cultural Adaptability – 265

CORES The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes – 102 CORONAL MASS EJECTION Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections: Dominance of the Free Magnetic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Alone – 461

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS Semimajor Axis Estimation gies – 53

Strate-

CORROSION RESISTANCE Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chloride Solutions Containing Organic Acids – 81

Labor Standards Application Program, Phase 4 - FY-83, Blast and Paint Shops – 108 NASA: Sound Management and Oversight Key to Addressing Crew Exploration Vehicle Project Risks – 423

Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80

COST REDUCTION Total Ownership Cost Reduction Case Study: AEGIS Microwave Power Tubes – 134

CORROSION Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chloride Solutions Containing Organic Acids – 81

COSTS Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Processes With Average Cost Criterion: A Survey – 369

Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Army Main Battle Tank Components – 99

Evaluation of the Quality of an Information Security Management System – 289

Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Ions – 81

From Distance Learning to Blended Learning: A Program Incorporating Multiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning Examples from V-learn.ie – 285

Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80

Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73

Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Complex Radioactive High Level Radioactive Waste – 97

NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375

COSMIC DUST Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactivation of LNG Tankers: Lessons Learned – 111

Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guidebook – 444 COSMIC RAYS Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment – 449 SalSA: A Teraton UHE Neutrino Detector – 447 COSMOLOGY SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48 COST ANALYSIS Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Processes With Average Cost Criterion: A Survey – 369 Low-Cost Launch Systems for the DualLaunch Concept – 36 Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375 COST EFFECTIVENESS Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Demonstrations – 46 Supporting Situation Assessment through Attention Guidance: A CostBenefit and Depth of Processing Analysis – 259 COST ESTIMATES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Additional Action Needed to Incorporate Lessons Learned from Other Satellite Programs – 424

The C-17: Costs and Alternatives – 14

Weapons Strengthen nical Data Systems –

Acquisition: DOD Should Policies for Assessing TechNeeds to Support Weapon 17

COUNTERFLOW Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames – 88 COUNTERMEASURES A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Prediction – 365

COUPLERS Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136 COUPLING CIRCUITS Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simulation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tunneling Devices – 133 COUPLING A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Bays – 13 CP VIOLATION Measurement of the CKM-Angle gamma BABAR – 421 Measurements of the Angle pha(Phi(2)) at BaBar – 400

Al-

CRACKS High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-onFoam Insulation (SOFI) – 45 Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Ions – 81 CRASH INJURIES ‘Hoo-ah’ or Ouch: Methodologies for Assessing Military Vehicle Occupant Injuries – 204 CRATERING Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 CRATERS Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We Can ‘See’ – 451 CREEP PROPERTIES Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity – 142 Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Fiber Orientation – 90

Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness during Sustained Operations – 273

CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE NASA Crew Launch Vehicle Overview – 39

Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14

Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Vehicle Structure Concepts for Mass Optimization – 168

NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 258

CRIME Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Circuits – 325

Nonelectronic Countermeasures for Infrared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of Heat Decoys as Countermeasures – 461

CRITICAL PATH METHOD Decentralized Control and Decentralized Adaptive Control – 384

The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center: Issues for Congress – 221

CROSS CORRELATION A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers – 112

COUNTING Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry – 236

CROSS COUPLING Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies – 48

A-25

Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Formation Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Cross-Coupling – 50

CRYSTALS Growth and Characterization of Large Diameter CdNzTe Crystals – 138

CROSS SECTIONS Automating the Modeling of the SEE Cross Section’s Angular Dependence – 419

Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers – 177

CROSSINGS Joint Capabilities and System-of-System Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution Domains – 312 CRUDE OIL Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Final Report – 87 China’s Oil Rush in Africa – 107 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management – 143

CUES Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications – 117

DATA ACQUISITION Distributed Detection from Multiple Sensors with Correlated Observations – 334

CURRENT DENSITY Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139

CURVATURE Global Radius of Curvature Estimation and Control System for Segmented Mirrors – 166

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Region – 130 The Role of the NeurofibrominSyndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234 CRYSTALLINITY A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites – 189 CRYSTALLIZATION Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High Temperature Magnetic Material for PWR – 74 Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystallization – 96 Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183 Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LLChondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling – 453 SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion During Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon – 173

A-26

Smart Structures and Wavelet Based System Identification – 344

CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulonimbus Clouds – 195

Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112

CRYOSTATS Cryostat with Foil and MLI – 419

DAMPING A Systems Engineering Approach to Design a Smart Tool Post Structure – 373

DAMS Numerical Simulations of the Fish Passage Facilities at Lower Granite Dam – 386

Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42

Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors – 61

Identification of Materiel Damage in Two Dimensional Domains Using Squid Based NDE System – 364

Supporting Situation Assessment through Attention Guidance: A CostBenefit and Depth of Processing Analysis – 259

CRYOGENICS Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management – 143

High Energy Density Cryogenic Capacitors – 138

Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19

CUTTING Solving Integer Programs With Enumeration Cutting Planes – 300

Forum Guide to Decision Support Systems: A Resource for Educators – 281 Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation – 268 Learning User Preferences for Sets of Objects – 291 Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System – 140 Monitoring Employment Conditions of Military Spouses – 368

CYBERNETICS Theoretical Investigation of the Feasibility of PTD-Mediated Translocation of Proteins Across Artificial Membranes – 240

Optimal Quantization and Fusion in Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection of Weak Signals in Dependent Noise – 334

CYCLOTRON FREQUENCY High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of BBELF Turbulence – 417

DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several Orders of Magnitude – 290

CYLINDRICAL BODIES Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity – 142 Probe-Corrected Near-Field Measurements on a Truncated Cylinder – 390 CYTOCHROMES Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Cancer – 227 CYTOLOGY Internet-Based Cervical Screening Program – 232

Cytology

WRSM Operations Concept – 200

Encapsulation Application Research of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Environment – 171 Evolution of the Configuration Database Design – 291 HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices – 440 DATA BASES Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Breakwater Systems – 194

DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Foreign Object Damage in a GasTurbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials – 27

Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164

DAMAGE Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of International Space Station Pressure Wall Welds – 167

Computerized Compendium of Standards – 429

Assessment of Shore Protection Project Performance Following the 2004 Hurricane Season – 196

DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Database Server for High-Assurance TimeCritical Applications – 438 eReadiness of cesses – 287

Business

Pro-

Evolution of the Configuration Database Design – 291 Experiments in Expression Recognition – 333 Extension of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433 Incorporating Active and Multi-DatabaseState Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit – 310 Managing Contention and Timing Constraints in a Real-Time Database System – 426 Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Database Systems in the Framework of Discrete Event Systems – 373

Data Analysis and Compression Techniques for Megabyte-Data PDE Experiments – 29

Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Military Domains – 436

Identification and Control of Haptic Systems: A Computational Theory – 350

Computation of Delays in Acyclical Distributed Decisionmaking Organizations – 429

Information Technology (IT) Management: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430 SSC San Diego Brief 2002 – 322 WindSat Applications for Weather Forecasters and Data Assimilation – 194 DATA RETRIEVAL Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting Vertical Fragmentation – 281

Maintenance

HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices – 440

DATA COMPRESSION Distributed Compression in Camera Sensor Networks – 308

DATA STORAGE A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for Distributed Configuration Management – 310

DATA FLOW ANALYSIS Research and Development of HighCapacity Optical Link Technologies – 292

Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Analytical Solutions and Approximations – 343

DATA INTEGRATION NOAA’s Environmental Data Management: Integrating the Pieces – 193

DATA STRUCTURES HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices – 440

Standards Database Phase II – 425

DATA LINKS Mitigating TCP Degradation over Intermittent Link Failures using Intermediate Buffers – 120 UAVs and Control Delays – 18 DATA MANAGEMENT Encapsulation Application Research of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Environment – 171 Evolution of the Configuration Database Design – 291 NOAA’s Environmental Data Management: Integrating the Pieces – 193 The Challenges of Information Management in the Networked Battlespace: Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and the Warfighter – 431 DATA MINING Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Free Codes – 217 Detecting Potential Insider Threats Through Email Datamining – 427 DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT A Simple Data Logging System for Ballistic Applications – 135 Expressive Threat Detection Validation Framework – 299 DATA PROCESSING Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several Orders of Magnitude – 290 Computation of Delays in Acyclical Distributed Decisionmaking Organizations – 429

Decentralized Control and Decentralized Adaptive Control – 384 Forum Guide to Decision Support Systems: A Resource for Educators – 281 Geo-Spatial Tactical Decision Aid Systems: Fuzzy Logic for Supporting Decision Making – 387 Global En Route Basing Infrastructure Location Model – 21 Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis – 387 AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing, Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptivity and Trust Management – 384 Computation of Delays in Acyclical Distributed Decisionmaking Organizations – 429 Forum Guide to Decision Support Systems: A Resource for Educators – 281

DATA SYSTEMS A Simple Data Logging System for Ballistic Applications – 135

Geo-Spatial Tactical Decision Aid Systems: Fuzzy Logic for Supporting Decision Making – 387

DATA TRANSMISSION Advanced Lightpath Establishment for Distributed Computing – 317

Pipeline Optimization (PLOP) – 377

Mitigating TCP Degradation over Intermittent Link Failures using Intermediate Buffers – 120 Simulation and Performance of Data Communication using AMSS – 12 DC 8 AIRCRAFT Turbulence and mountain wave conditions observed with an airborne 2-micron lidar – 25 DEACTIVATION Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation Mode – 187 Physical Methods For Inactivating Spores: A Critical Assessment – 399 Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 402 DEATH Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Hexaphosphate – 230 DEBRIS Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Issues and Solutions – 33 DECISION MAKING A Continuous-Time Distributed Version of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing Problem – 341

Program

Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433 Support of Mission and Work Scheduling by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276 Temporal Planning with Preferences and Probabilities – 381 DECISION THEORY Decision Analysis to Support ConditionBased Maintenance Plus – 19 Decision Support Tools – 387

Methods

and

Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433 DECODERS OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 DECOMPOSITION A Four-Component Decomposition of POLSAR Image – 426 Affine Frames of rational Wavelets in H2(II+) – 396 Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Radar Signals in the Presence of Noise – 152 Decision Support Tools – 387

Methods

and

A-27

Energy Distribution Analysis of Impact Signals Based on Wavelet Decompositions – 345

DEFENSE PROGRAM Department of Defense Net-Centric Spectrum Management Strategy – 403

Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3Butadiene Decomposition – 90

Military Space Programs: Issues Concerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Programs – 41

Model Averaging and Dimension Selection for the Singular Value Decomposition – 395 Modeling and Control of Physical Processes Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition – 378 Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL – 95 Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Control of Transverse Beam Vibrations: Experimental Implementation – 403 Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction and Impact – 75 DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs With Neurologic Decompression Sickness – 222 Exercise Following Simulated Parachuting from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Reduced and is the Probability of Post Descent Decompression Sickness Increased? – 275 Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Emulsion – 256 DECONTAMINATION New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sensitive Equipment Decontamination – 92 DECOYS Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Circuits – 325 Nonelectronic Countermeasures for Infrared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of Heat Decoys as Countermeasures – 461 Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Effects of a Towline Using the Method of Characteristics – 16 DEEP SPACE NETWORK Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strategies for Large DSN Arrays – 46 DEFECTS Fault and Defect Tolerant Computer Architectures: Reliable Computing with Unreliable Devices – 293 GA Addition to CIS Limit Its Cell Performance: the Amazing Physics of GrainBoundaries and Killer-Defects in Chalcopyrites – 176 Method and Apparatus for the Portable Identification Of Material Thickness And Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Spatially Controlled Heat Application – 113

A-28

Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past Production of Nuclear Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress – 186 The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center: Issues for Congress – 221 DEFLAGRATION Experimental Study of Deflagration-toDetonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine – 27 DEFLECTION Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 DEFORMATION An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Deformations for a Homogeneous Beam at Varying Tip Loads and Pitch Angles – 14

DELAMINATING 3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspective – 78 DEMULTIPLEXING EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmission – 126 DENDRIMERS Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Dendrimers – 179 DENDRITIC CRYSTALS The Role of the NeurofibrominSyndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 235 DENMARK Virtual Reality in Denmark – 337 DENSE PLASMAS An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Reflection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Propulsion Device – 414 DENSITY MEASUREMENT Complementary Density Measurements for the 200W Busek Hall Thruster (PREPRINT) – 417

Deformation Microstructure in BetaTitanium After Deformation at Low Temperatures – 102

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 248

Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Research and Development (R&R) Support: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Earth Magnets – 102

Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Free Codes – 217

X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstructure (PREPRINT) – 103

GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium Chemoprevention of ProstateCancer – 238

DEGRADATION Impact of Threshold Degradation on Availability of Digital Fixed Radio Links – 119

Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224

Investigating Double Hearing Protection using Human Subjects – 411 Mitigating TCP Degradation over Intermittent Link Failures using Intermediate Buffers – 120

Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Target for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212

Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM – 225 Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203

Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degradation Studies – 178

Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in Recombination – 242

DEHUMIDIFICATION Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For Indoor Environmental Quality and Security – 165

Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228

DEHYDRATED FOOD Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years – 221

DEPLETION A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites – 189 Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy – 243

DEHYDRATION A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270

DEPLOYMENT Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 271

Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Dehydrated Rats – 87

Application of Shift Work Scheduling Principles and Tools for Optimizing Console Based Operations – 263

Building Psychological Resiliency and Mitigating the Risks of Combat and Deployment Stressors Faced by Soldiers – 278 Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effective or is Refractive Surgery a Better Option? – 261 Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Land Combat Study – 277 Investigating the Applicability of Architecture Description in Configuration Management and Software Deployment – 303 Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective – 266 Medical Personnel Motivation in One International Mission – 274 Optimal Geometric Deployment of a Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation System to Track a Landing Aircraft – 12 Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness – 271 Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer - Shuttle Pallet Satellite (ORFEUS-SPAS) – 447 Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 – 253

Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 DEPRIVATION Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in the Operational Environment – 264 DEPTH Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124 DERIVATION Energy Index vers – 31

For

Aircraft

Maneu-

DESERTS Advanced Propagation Model (APM) Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern California Desert – 196 DESICCANTS Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For Indoor Environmental Quality and Security – 165 DESIGN ANALYSIS Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective – 266 Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) and Final Design Review (FDR) Criteria – 297

DARPA Integrated Sensing and Processing (ISP) Program. Approximation Methods for Markov Decision Problems in Sensor Management – 363 Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner and Baseline Rotation – 416 Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission – 450 Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry – 235 Detecting Periodic Components in a White Gaussian Time Series – 192 Detecting Potential Insider Threats Through Email Datamining – 427 Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensitive Information through Bottleneck Monitoring – 438 Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues – 7 Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs With Neurologic Decompression Sickness – 222 Development and Testing of a Novel Standard Particle for Performance Verification of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detection Systems – 112

Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar Arrays – 41

Terrorism and its Impact on the Construction Industry – 168

Development of Methods for the RealTime and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Eye – 251

RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation – 286

Thermal Design and Analysis of the Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injector – 93

Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Survey 1990-2005 – 248

Using SolidWorks & CFD to Create the Next Generation Airlocks – 142

Distributed Detection from Multiple Sensors with Correlated Observations – 334

R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in the World – 127 Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Status Markers after their Homecoming – 271

DESIGN OPTIMIZATION Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of High-Performance Vacuum Electronic Devices – 434

Strategies to Improve Alertness during Extended Deployments – 263

Habitat Design Optimization and Analysis – 452

Stress and port – 277

Psychological

Sup-

Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution Planning and Control – 121 The Risk Assessment of Occupational and Environmental Hazards – 272 Treatment of PTSD-Related Anger in Troops Returning From Hazardous Deployments – 229 DEPOSITION Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Army Main Battle Tank Components – 99

DESIGN TO COST NASA: Sound Management and Oversight Key to Addressing Crew Exploration Vehicle Project Risks – 424 DETECTION Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Literature Study – 410

Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Test – 149 Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Detection System Developed by Geophysical Solutions – 153 Expressive Threat Detection Validation Framework – 299 F-22A Raptor – 22 Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sensing – 127

Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for Detecting Incipient Instability – 129

Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed – 444

Components for Cooperative Intrusion Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environments – 317

High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-onFoam Insulation (SOFI) – 45

Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? – 332

Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing Mission – 445

A-29

Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation for Distributed Sensor Networks and Missile Seeker Systems – 293 Maneuver Estimation Model for Geostationary Orbit Determination – 38 Multi-Sensor Correlation and Quantization in Distributed Detection Systems – 154 On the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Detection – 370 Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Controls – 339 Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Cells, Tissues, and Medical Devices – 254 Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions – 48 Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios – 85 Semimajor gies – 53

Axis

Estimation

Strate-

Tactile Land Navigation in Night Operations – 260 Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for Detecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies at Remote Military of Native American Health Care Facilities – 231 Video Moving Target Indication in the Analysts’ Detection Support System – 153 DETECTORS Denial of Service works – 322

in

Sensor

Net-

Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry – 235 Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabilities of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364 Innovative Concepts for SSA Applications – 33 Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation for Distributed Sensor Networks and Missile Seeker Systems – 293 Neural Networks for Tactile Perception – 294

DETONATION Experimental Study of Deflagration-toDetonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine – 27 Initiation of Detonation in a Large Tube – 27 Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branching in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 DIAGNOSIS AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing, Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptivity and Trust Management – 384 Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Survey 1990-2005 – 248 Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ultrasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and Emergency Therapeutics – 247 Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 DIAMONDS Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 DIELECTRICS Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Liquid Crystals – 94 DIETS Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 87 Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Resveratrol – 239 Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Use among Elite U.S. Army Soldiers – 438 Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Associated with Spaceflight – 255 Report of Visits to Singapore and Djakarta – 220 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS A Concise Physical Interpretation of Several Analytical Grueneisen Formulations – 358 Modeling of Impact Beam – 360

on a Flexible

Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Nonlinear Elastomers – 106 Sensitivity Analysis of DifferentialAlgebraic Equations and Partial Differential Equations – 281

DIFFUSION Computational Modeling of Multicomponent Diffusion Using Fortran – 394 Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discretization of the Diffusion Equation for Arbitrary Polyhedral Grids – 290 SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion During Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon – 173 DIGITAL CAMERAS Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents – 152 DIGITAL COMPUTERS Applications of Digital Transfer of Computer Aided Design Data for Production Usage (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 305 DIGITAL DATA Supporting Situation Assessment through Attention Guidance: A CostBenefit and Depth of Processing Analysis – 259 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS Close Formation Flight of MicroSatellites for SAR Interferometry – 49 Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We Can ‘See’ – 451 DIGITAL SYSTEMS Digital Radiography – 407 Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 Encapsulation Application Research of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Environment – 171 Impact of Threshold Degradation on Availability of Digital Fixed Radio Links – 119 Modeling of Block-Based DSP Systems – 292 DIOXIDES Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 DIPOLE ANTENNAS Measurement of the Propagation Constant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Array (Preprint) – 137 DIPOLE MOMENTS A New Nonlinear Equations Test Problem – 351

Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detectors – 401

The Combined Schubert/Secant FiniteDifference Algorithm for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347

DIRECT CURRENT An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133

Statistical Analysis of the Nonhomogeneity Detector for Non-Gaussian Interference Backgrounds – 366

DIFFRACTION Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of FOX-7 – 96

DISABILITIES A Functional Genomic Analysis of NF1Associated Learning Disabilities – 217

DETONATION WAVES Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branching in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29

Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction Tomography – 208

DISASTERS Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply with Special Provision for Experiences in ISAF 2003 – 270

Propagation of Detonation Waves in Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust Tube – 27

A-30

DIFFUSION FLAMES Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames – 146

Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Coos County, New Hampshire – 197

Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in the USA – 432 DISCRETE FUNCTIONS A Continuous-Time Distributed Version of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing Problem – 341

The Role of the NeurofibrominSyndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234 Towards a Unified Approach to Information Integration A Review Paper on Data/Information Fusion – 280

Discrete Representation of Signals from Infinite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces with Application to Noise Suppression and Compression – 342

DISORDERS Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233

New Results in Discrete-Time Nonlinear Filtering – 343

DISPENSERS Simulation of Weapons Release from Cargo Aircraft – 8

Predicates and Predicate Transformers for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 382 Robust Distributed Discrete-Time Block and Sequential Detection in Uncertain Environments – 361 Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Analytical Solutions and Approximations – 343 DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS (STATISTICS) Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vision Systems – 337 DISEASES A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233 Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Selected Application of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients – 243 Call-Center Based Disease Management of Pediatric Asthmatics – 235 Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254 Development of Methods for the RealTime and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Eye – 251 Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218 Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes that Regulate Radiation Responses in Prostate Cancer Cells – 211 Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program – 240 Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders With Mitochondrial Dysfunction – 228 Research and Operational Support for the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal Thai Government – 213

DISPERSION Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Mitigation – 127 DISPLAY DEVICES B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Radiology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual Search Efficiency – 213 Improving Multitalker Speech Communication with Advanced Audio Displays – 121 Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Safety and Enhancing Situation Awareness in General Aviation Environments – 411 Status Report for HFM-078/RTG-17 Uninhabited Military Vehicles: Human Factor Issues in Augmenting the Force – 265 The Effect of Various Display Modalities on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Performance – 265 Using Videos Derived from Simulations to Support the Analysis of Spatial Awareness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 DISSOLVED GASES Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis – 376 DISTORTION Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Novel Techniques and Their Applications for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of Welded Structures (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 DISTRIBUTED INTERACTIVE SIMULATION Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Subsystems for End-to-End Spacecraft Modeling – 38 DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING A Reusable, Distributed Repository for Configuration Management Policy Programming – 312 Client/Server Model for Distributed Computing: An Implementation – 328 Efficiently Distributing ComponentBased Applications Across Wide-Area Environments – 295

Neural Networks for Low Level Processing of Tactile Sensory Data – 294 DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 405 DIURNAL VARIATIONS Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Extensions with GPS-TEC Observations – 460 Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man – 276 DIVING (UNDERWATER) At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement Technique and First Results – 387 Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With 40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256 DOCUMENTS NASA Scientific and Technical Information Standards – 433 DOMAINS Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Military Domains – 436 Identification of Materiel Damage in Two Dimensional Domains Using Squid Based NDE System – 364 Joint Capabilities and System-of-System Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution Domains – 312 KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330 DOMINANCE Building SMART Leadership – 423 DOPED CRYSTALS Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Thin Disks – 158 Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Liquid Crystals – 94 DOSAGE Initial Technology Assessment for the Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) System – 152 Intra-Prostate ducer – 249

Cancer

Vaccine

In-

Summary: Annual Site Environmental Report Radiological Doses and Releases, 1998-2001 – 185 DRAG REDUCTION Performance Analysis of a Wing With Multiple Winglets – 3 DRAINAGE Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake – 85 DREDGED MATERIALS Screening Evaluations for Upland Confined Disposal Facility Effluent Quality – 84

A-31

DRONE VEHICLES A Comparison of Trajectory Determination Approaches for Small UAVs – 22 AFIT UAV Swarm Mission Planning and Simulation System – 18 Characterization of UAV Performance and Development of a Formation Flight Controller for Multiple Small UAVS – 17 Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload Analysis – 6 Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 17 Sensor Management for Fighter Applications – 15 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Their Value in Security Operations – 20 DROP TESTS Correlation of Chemical Warfare Surrogate Tests on Air-Permeable Chemical Protective Uniforms – 115 DROPS (LIQUIDS) Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames – 88 Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and Water/NaOH Solutions – 352 DROSOPHILA Control of Growth Within Drosophila Peripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Kinase A – 205 DRUGS Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233 Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Selected Application of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients – 243

DUCTILITY An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Dynamic Ductile Fracture in Stainless Steel Welds – 103

DYNAMIC RANGE Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136

Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Fracture – 402

Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation – 165

DUNES Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of Coastal Inlet Navigation Channels – 172 DUPLEXERS Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions – 49 DURABILITY Effects of Heat Treatment and Formulation on the Phase Composition and Chemical Durability of the EBR-II Ceramic Waste Form – 110 DUST Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Chondrites – 190 DYES Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge Movement – 177 Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preoperatively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Cancer – 236 DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing Control Policies and the Dynamic Service-Time Performance of a Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Management Facility – 12 DYNAMIC CONTROL Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satellite Formations for the Purpose of SpaceBased Remote Sensing – 41 Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies – 47

DYNAMIC RESPONSE Dynamic Compressive Responses and Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics Under High Confinement – 94 DYNAMIC TESTS Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environment for Dynamic Testing of Structures – 448 DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS Bifurcation Control of Chaotic Dynamical Systems – 385 Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359 Language Stability and Stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 383 Predicates and Predicate Transformers for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 382 EAR PROTECTORS Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Double protection passive pour les equipages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Concept et etude experimentale (Design and Experimental Study of the Passive Double Hearing Protection for the Crew of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411 Experimentation to Address Appropriate Test Techniques for Measuring the Attenuation Provided by Double ANR Hearing Protectors – 410 Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19

High Throughput Screen to Identify Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer Metastasis – 236

System Dynamics and Control System for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator and Fast Tool Servo – 125

Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication – 410

Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduction Systems for Family Maltreatment, Suicidality, and Substance Problems in the USAF – 257

DYNAMIC LOADS Dynamic Compressive Responses and Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics Under High Confinement – 94

Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Personnel – 20

Motivational Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use in a Military Population – 244

DYNAMIC MODELS Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and Non-Natural Arcs – 49

Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245 Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer – 205

Progress Toward a Format Standard for Flight Dynamics Models – 30

Strategies to Improve Alertness during Extended Deployments – 263

DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme for a Partially Observed Controlled Markov Chain – 357

DRYING Economic Impact Analysis of the Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Residual Risk Standard – 184

On the Poisson Equation for Countable Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions and Parameter Dependence by Probabilistic Methods – 346

A-32

Investigating Double Hearing Protection using Human Subjects – 411 Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Military Personnel – 187 EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS Military Space Programs: Issues Concerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Programs – 42 EARPHONES Double protection passive pour les equipages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Concept et etude experimentale (Design and Experimental Study of the Passive Double Hearing Protection for the Crew of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411

Experimentation to Address Appropriate Test Techniques for Measuring the Attenuation Provided by Double ANR Hearing Protectors – 410 EAR An Algorithm for the Accurate Localization of Sounds – 137 EARTH ATMOSPHERE Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propagation and Global Modeling – 195 Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Venus and Earth – 452 High Resolution Spectroscopy to Support Atmospheric Measurements – 185 WRSM Operations Concept – 200 EARTH IONOSPHERE Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Extensions with GPS-TEC Observations – 460 EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM SPACE) Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Control for Satellite Formations – 443 EARTH ORBITS Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed – 444 GNC System for the Deployment and Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Interferometer – 443 Maneuver Estimation Model for Geostationary Orbit Determination – 38 Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies – 47 Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35 EARTH (PLANET) Making Robot Planes Useful for Scientific Investigation of Earth – 13 EARTH SCIENCES Examination of the Armagh Observatory Annual Mean Temperature Record, 1844-2004 – 199 EARTH-MOON SYSTEM Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit – 55 Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and Non-Natural Arcs – 49 ECCENTRIC ORBITS Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Relative Motion – 54

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT University-Industry Relations in Hungary: Establishment Scheme of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Information Technology Innovation and Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286 ECONOMIC IMPACT Economic Impact Analysis of the Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Residual Risk Standard – 184 ECONOMICS Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California. Report for May 2005 to April 2006 – 174 ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting, Bid Estimating Transfer Study – 75 Evaluation of the Quality of an Information Security Management System – 289 Integration of an Economy Under Imperfect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Ecological Model – 283 Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations – 131 Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 332 ECOSYSTEMS Integration of an Economy Under Imperfect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Ecological Model – 283 EDGES The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coating Life Phase. Phase 2 – 66 EDUCATION Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to an Existing Training Simulation – 332 Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Military Domains – 436

International Meeting on Medical Simulation (6th), ‘The World of Simulation’ Held in San Diego, California on January 1417, 2006 – 241 Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective – 266 NRaD Writing and Editorial Guidelines. Revision 1 – 439 Online Learning Style and e-Learning Approaches – 285 Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness – 271 Quality Education and ‘Quality Papers’ – 166 Report of Visit to the Public Health College and Training Center at Gondar, February 22-25, 1961 – 219 Report of Visits to Singapore and Djakarta – 220 Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science According to Bologna Process – 289 Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring System (TAO ITS) – 308 The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing – 285 The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Technologies – 279 Work Planning for Shipyard Surface Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A Training Manual) – 100 EFFICIENCY Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program: Predicted versus Observed Catch – 114 Series Connected Buck-Boost Regulator – 139

Enabling Cultural Adaptability – 265

EFFLUENTS Screening Evaluations for Upland Confined Disposal Facility Effluent Quality – 84

Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14

EIGENVALUES An Inverse Eigenvalue Problem With Rotational Symmetry – 390

FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Framework for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems – 10

Application of Center Manifold Reduction to System Stabilization – 392

Course Curriculum Development for the Future Cyberwarrior – 431

Forum Guide to Decision Support Systems: A Resource for Educators – 281 From Distance Learning to Blended Learning: A Program Incorporating Multiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning Examples from V-learn.ie – 285

Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies – 47

How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful Animations for Teaching and Research Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camtasia(TradeMark) – 287

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting, Bid Estimating Transfer Study – 75

Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots – 267

Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases – 394 Linear Feedback Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems with an Uncontrollable Critical Mode – 393 EJECTORS Integration of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With an Ejector Pump and With a Turbo-Charger as Methods to SelfAspirate – 28 ELASTIC BODIES Modeling of Impact Beam – 360

on a Flexible

A-33

ELASTIC DEFORMATION An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Deformations for a Homogeneous Beam at Varying Tip Loads and Pitch Angles – 14 ELASTIC PROPERTIES Analysis of Bonded Blocks – 110

Elastic

Incorporating Active and Multi-DatabaseState Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit – 310 Modeling of Impact Beam – 360

on a Flexible

The Immersed Interface Method for Elasticity Problems with Interfaces – 400 ELASTIC SCATTERING An Iterative Substructuring Method for Coupled Fluid-Solid Acoustic Problems – 347 ELASTOMERS Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107 Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Nonlinear Elastomers – 106 ELECTRIC FIELDS Fabrication and Characterization of Electric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 Physical Methods For Inactivating Spores: A Critical Assessment – 399 ELECTRIC GENERATORS Government Activities to Protect the Electric Grid – 181

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sensing – 127 International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA) – 284

Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science According to Bologna Process – 289

The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using SuperConducting Magnets – 62

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY Fabrication and Characterization of Electric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sensing – 127 ELECTRICITY New Perspectives for Power Transmission in the European Liberalized Electricity Market and Possible Role of FourPhase Systems – 132 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation – 269 ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys – 64

Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor NonFiltering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifiers – 405

Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys – 63

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL Series Connected Buck-Boost Regulator – 139

Electrochemically Generated Oxidant Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89

ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California. Report for May 2005 to April 2006 – 174

ELECTRODEPOSITION Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Army Main Battle Tank Components – 99

Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP Initiative – 176 ELECTRIC PROPULSION A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63

ELECTRODES Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes – 101

Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion – 61

ELECTROMAGNETIC ABSORPTION Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419

Multi-Domain Plasma Expansion Simulations Using a Particle-in-Cell Method – 417

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY Electrical Drive Inductive Coupling – 131

Development of a Ship Service Fuel Cell – 181

A-34

ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Structure and Bonding – 75 ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPULSION Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62

ELECTROCHEMISTRY Characteristic Electrochemical Noise During Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Permeation – 64

Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic Trough Development – 180

Cou-

Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System – 140

ELECTRIC NETWORKS Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Very Large Time-Constant Circuits – 406

Government Activities to Protect the Electric Grid – 181

ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING Electrical Drive Inductive pling – 131

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Electromagnetic Waves – 403 Frequency Selective Materials for Control of Radiated Emissions and Interference Suppression, Phase 2 – 149 High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of BBELF Turbulence – 417 The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and Fluorescence Effects – 414 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRA Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 402 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE FILTERS Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Very Large Time-Constant Circuits – 406 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE TRANSMISSION Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Electromagnetic Waves – 403 Measurement of the Propagation Constant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Array (Preprint) – 137 ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors and its Implications – 137 ELECTROMECHANICS Electromechanical Television Systems with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and Synthesis – 131 Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 ELECTRON BEAMS Beam Dynamics in a Spectrometer for the Polarized Positron Production Experiment – 156 Superconducting Photocathodes – 396 ELECTRON MOBILITY Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Near-Field Plasma Properties of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 312

ELECTRON RADIATION Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35 ELECTRON SCATTERING X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity – 450 ELECTRON SOURCES Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 ELECTRON TRANSFER Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabilities Within the Positive-DifferentialResistance Regions of Tunneling Devices – 132 ELECTRONIC AIRCRAFT Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA18G Growler Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress – 20 ELECTRONIC CONTROL Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing Mission – 445 Studies on Architecture and Control Technology for Optical Packet Switches – 127 ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURES Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Circuits – 325 ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT TESTS Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit Synthesis and Testing – 138 ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Mixed-Signal Electronics Technology for Space (MSETS) – 128 ELECTRONIC MAIL Detecting Potential Insider Threats Through Email Datamining – 428 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE Electronic Structure Studies of High Energy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) – 94 Electronic Structure Studies of Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – 93 ELECTRONICS Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47 ELECTRO-OPTICS Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136 Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflectance – 135 ELECTROSLAG WELDING Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Castings (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 165 ELECTROSTATIC WAVES High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of BBELF Turbulence – 417

ELEMENTARY PARTICLE INTERACTIONS Exclusive Charmless Semileptonic Decays B yields X(sub u)lV from BABAR – 421 EMBEDDING Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Resistance of Composite Laminates Under Mode I Loading – 79 EMERGENCIES An Emergency Communications Safety Net: Integrating 911 and Other Services – 119 An Overview of the U.S. Public Health System in the Context of Emergency Preparedness – 217 Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ultrasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and Emergency Therapeutics – 247 Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply with Special Provision for Experiences in ISAF 2003 – 269 EMISSION The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 186 EMITTANCE Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407 The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound Localisation – 409 EMITTERS 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 EMOTIONAL FACTORS Online Learning Style and e-Learning Approaches – 285 Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses to Service Failure – 288 EMPLOYMENT Monitoring Employment Conditions of Military Spouses – 368 The Federal Workforce Additional Insights Could Enhance Agency Efforts Related to Hispanic Representation – 423 EMULSIONS Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Emulsion – 256 ENCAPSULATING Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139

Rheological and Mechanical Considerations for Photovoltaic Encapsulants – 182 ENCOUNTERS Building Psychological Resiliency and Mitigating the Risks of Combat and Deployment Stressors Faced by Soldiers – 278 ENDOCRINOLOGY Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of Overweight and Obesity in African Americans and Caucasians – 231 ENDOTHELIUM Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors – 216 Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vascular Endothelium – 249 Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 246 ENERGY ABSORPTION Scaling of Energy Absorption in Composites to Enhance Survivability – 79 ENERGY GAPS (SOLID STATE) New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, TripleBandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for HighEfficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Systems – 176 ENERGY SOURCES Recent Revisions to PVWATTS – 180 ENERGY SPECTRA X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity – 450 ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Strategic Planning of Communications and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar Energy Technologies Program – 177 ENERGY TRANSFER 100kW Energy Transfer Multiplexer Power Converter Prototype Development Project – 141 ENGINEERING DRAWINGS Agent-Based Engineering Analysis – 324

Drawing

Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in Engineering Drawing Analysis – 301 ENGINEERING Multidisciplinary Environments: A History of Engineering Framework Development – 317 Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engineers? – 284 ENGINEERS Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engineers? – 284

Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsulant Formulations at NREL – 175

Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science According to Bologna Process – 289

Encapsulation Application Research of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Environment – 171

ENHANCED VISION Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Test – 150

A-35

Using Videos Derived from Simulations to Support the Analysis of Spatial Awareness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 ENTROPY Entropy, Perception, ity – 427

and

Relativ-

ENUMERATION Solving Integer Programs With Enumeration Cutting Planes – 300 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION Summary: Annual Site Environmental Report Radiological Doses and Releases, 1998-2001 – 185 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For Indoor Environmental Quality and Security – 165 ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Fiber Orientation – 90 Effects of Frequency and Environment on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg. C – 88 ENZYME ACTIVITY Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 ENZYMES Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 Control of Growth Within Drosophila Peripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Kinase A – 204 EPIDEMIOLOGY Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer – 248

EQUATIONS OF MOTION Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Relative Motion – 54

Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer – 210

Development and Validation of Reentry Simulation Using MATLAB – 390

ESTERS Characterization of a Novel Intracellular Receptor for Phorbol Esters and Diacylglycerol in Prostate Cancer – 212

Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft Formations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular Libration Points – 444 Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Gravitational Field – 34 EQUATIONS OF STATE Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and Compensators: A State-Dependent Riccati Equation Approach – 355 EQUATIONS Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Supercomputer – 356 ERROR ANALYSIS Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying – 59 Throughput and Packet Error Probability of Cellular Frequency-Hopped SpreadSpectrum Radio Networks – 404 Two Methods for Calibration Without A Through Connection On A ThreeSampler Vector Analyzer – 283 ERROR CORRECTING CODES Multireception Probabilities for FH/SSMA Communications – 336 ERROR SIGNALS The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 59 ERRORS A GPS Receiver Designed for CarrierPhase Time Transfer – 135 Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 362 Semimajor gies – 53

Axis

Estimation

Strate-

Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems from Molecular Structure by SPARC – 282 ESTIMATES Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme for a Partially Observed Controlled Markov Chain – 357 Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Systems in Correlated Noise with NonGaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic Behavior of the Difference Between the MMSE and LMSE Estimates – 367 Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration – 354 Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 362 Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195 Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Type II Chondrules and Limited Overgrowths on Phenocrysts Following the Final Melting Event – 191 ESTIMATING Energy Index vers – 31

For

Aircraft

Maneu-

ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting, Bid Estimating Transfer Study – 75 Global Radius of Curvature Estimation and Control System for Segmented Mirrors – 166 Learning User Preferences for Sets of Objects – 291

Towards a Unified Approach to Information Integration A Review Paper on Data/Information Fusion – 280

The Effect of Various Display Modalities on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Performance – 265

EPITAXY Real-Time Process Monitoring by P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Epitaxy – 420

ERYTHROCYTES Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply with Special Provision for Experiences in ISAF 2003 – 270

Soviet Technique for Estimating PostWelded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162

Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites – 223

ESTROGENS cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Cooperate With Estrogen to Promote Estrogen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquitination and Proteolysis in ER Negative Breast Cancers – 251

EPITHELIUM Suppression of Prostate Cancer by PTEN and p18INK4c – 218 EPOXY MATRIX COMPOSITES Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Resistance of Composite Laminates Under Mode I Loading – 79 EPOXY RESINS The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coating Life Phase. Phase 2 – 66

A-36

Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Status Markers after their Homecoming – 271 ESCHERICHIA A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Escherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Production of Organophosphorus Hydrolase – 69

Parameter Estimation Techniques for a Polarization Hysteresis Model – 398

Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy – 243 Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabolism and Progression From High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN) to Prostate Cancer – 216

ETHICS The Human Volunteer in Military Biomedical Research (Military Medical Ethics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) – 241

EVAPORATORS Task Technical and Quality Assurance Plan for the 2H Evaporator Scale Analysis – 76

ETHIOPIA Report of Visit to the Public Health College and Training Center at Gondar, February 22-25, 1961 – 220

EXCITONS Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple Exciton Generation – 178

ETHNIC FACTORS Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast Cancer Among Women by Ethnicity – 210 ETHYLENE Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/PropyleneStyrene Triblock Copolymers – 108 ETIOLOGY Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 EUROPE GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space – 46 National Security Space Policy in the U.S. and Europe. Trends and Choices – 34 EUTROPHICATION Conceptual Processes for Linking Eutrophication and Network Models – 354 EVALUATION Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Simulator for Tracker Performance Assessment – 314 Development and Testing of a Novel Standard Particle for Performance Verification of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detection Systems – 112 National Shipbuilding Research Program. Performance Testing of Marine Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Procedures – 68 Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility – 182 Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 108 Small PV Systems Performance Evaluation at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method – 175

EXHAUST GASES Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation – 32 EXHAUST NOZZLES Thermal Design and Analysis of the Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injector – 93 THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) the New Paradigm for Booster Rockets – 42 EXHAUSTION Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation – 269 EXPERIMENT DESIGN Evaluating Product Machinability for Concurrent Engineering – 385

EXPOSURE Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 271 Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Pigs – 65 Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Survey 1990-2005 – 248 Exercise Following Simulated Parachuting from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Reduced and is the Probability of Post Descent Decompression Sickness Increased? – 275 Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frostbite during Exposure to Cold Winds – 197 Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Land Combat Study – 277 Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111 Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective – 266

Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program: Predicted versus Observed Catch – 114

Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Meteorological Parameters STS-1 Through STS-107 – 193

EXPERT SYSTEMS Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to an Existing Training Simulation – 332

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185

Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164 Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensitive Information through Bottleneck Monitoring – 438 Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in Engineering Drawing Analysis – 301 Senturion: A Predictive Political Simulation Model – 314 Towards a Unified Approach to Information Integration A Review Paper on Data/Information Fusion – 280 EXPLORATION Experiences with a Survey Tool for Discovering Network Time Protocol Servers – 323 EXPLOSIONS Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Vauum Decay – 397

Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and Contact Microphones – 121

EXPLOSIVES DETECTION Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues – 7

Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173

EXPLOSIVES Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues – 7

The Risk Assessment of Occupational and Environmental Hazards – 272 User Manual for EXPRESS, the ‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30, 2006 – 283 EXTERNAL STORES Control of Acoustics and Store Separation in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow – 8 EXTERNAL TANKS High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-onFoam Insulation (SOFI) – 45 Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insulation for the External Tank Return to Flight – 446 EXTINCTION Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and Water/NaOH Solutions – 352 EXTRACTION A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in Information Extraction – 381 Customized Information Extraction as a Basis for Resource Discovery – 435 From Sequential Extraction to Transport Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Contaminants – 64

A-37

Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections: Dominance of the Free Magnetic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Alone – 460 EXTRATERRESTRIAL RADIATION Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Last 45 Years – 255 Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Different Energies on the Radiation Hazard from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsulant Formulations at NREL – 175 Rheological and Mechanical Considerations for Photovoltaic Encapsulants – 182 EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCIES Channel Characterization for EHF Satellite Communications on the Move – 123 Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measurements of a Dismount With RocketPropelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at Ka-Band – 149 EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCIES Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios – 86 EYE (ANATOMY) Development of Methods for the RealTime and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Eye – 251 Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents – 151 F-16 AIRCRAFT Overview of Sortie-Numbers in Various Operations (Overzicht Sortie-Aantallen in Diverse Operaties) – 7 FABRICATION A Planning Guide - New Technologies in Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139 Fabrication and Characterization of Electric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Region – 130 Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumentation Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center – 151 Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Feasibility Study (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 329 FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETERS Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet FabryPerot Interferometers – 460 FACTOR ANALYSIS Toward Direct Sparse Cholesky Factors – 351

A-38

Updates

of

FAILURE ANALYSIS Failure Assessment – 315 Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assessment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160

Fault and Defect Tolerant Computer Architectures: Reliable Computing with Unreliable Devices – 293 FAULT TREES Failure Assessment – 315

FAILURE MODES Failure Assessment – 315

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation Flying Demonstration – 58

FAILURE 3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspective – 78

FEASIBILITY Feasibility Study for the Reduction of Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous Anions – 83

Dynamic Compressive Responses and Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics Under High Confinement – 94

Longitudinal Study of the Market Penetration of Cockpit Weather Information Systems – 25

Mitigating TCP Degradation over Intermittent Link Failures using Intermediate Buffers – 120

Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Feasibility Study (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 329

Plasma Surface Modification of Polymer Backsheets: Origins of Future Interfacial Barrier/Backsheet Failure – 176

FEED SYSTEMS Xenon Feed System Progress – 93

The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203

FEEDBACK CONTROL Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Framework – 58

FALSE ALARMS Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabilities of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364

Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for Detecting Incipient Instability – 129

FAN BLADES An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans – 408

ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture for Feedback Control of Software Performance – 296

FAR INFRARED RADIATION Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416

Gyroscopic tion – 445

Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Infrared Spectrum of Liquid MethanolWater Mixtures – 82 SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48 FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet FabryPerot Interferometers – 460 FATIGUE (MATERIALS) Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Resistance of Composite Laminates Under Mode I Loading – 79 FATTY ACIDS Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A Randomized Controlled Trial – 250 Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 FAULT DETECTION Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis – 376 FAULT TOLERANCE Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31

Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359 Control

and

Stabiliza-

Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication – 410 Navy High-Pressure Waterjet ClosedLoop Paint Stripping System (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 73 Real-Time Process Monitoring by P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Epitaxy – 419 Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying – 59 Spacecraft Formation Flying near SunEarth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Generation and Adaptive Full-State Feedback Control – 52 The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58 FEEDBACK Application of Center Manifold Reduction to System Stabilization – 393 Exploring Interactive Relevance Feedback With a Two-Pass Study Design – 427 Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases – 394 Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359

Gyroscopic tion – 445

Control

and

Stabiliza-

Linear Feedback Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems with an Uncontrollable Critical Mode – 393 Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Sizing – 279 FEEDFORWARD CONTROL A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex – 252 Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication – 410 FEMALES Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast Cancer Among Women by Ethnicity – 210 Trauma Symptomatology Among Female U.S. Navy Recruits – 237 FERMENTATION A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Escherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Production of Organophosphorus Hydrolase – 69 FERROCENES Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Blends of Inert and Catalytic Agents – 91 FERROELECTRICITY Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Liquid Crystals – 94 FIBER LASERS Fiber Laser Arrays – 158 FIBER OPTICS A Proposal to Develop and Test a FibreOptic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion System for Microsatellites – 415 Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Code-Division Multiple-Access for HighCapacity Optical Networks – 122 Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of Optical Signals – 122 Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner and Baseline Rotation – 416 Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 FIBER ORIENTATION Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Fiber Orientation – 90 FIBERS A Proposal to Develop and Test a FibreOptic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion System for Microsatellites – 415 FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors and its Implications – 137

FIELD TESTS A Study for Technology of Controlling Next-Generation Backbone Network – 125 Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep Deprivation – 257 Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) ‘Quadrocopter Garmisch 2005’ – 23 FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Circuits – 325 Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137 FIGHTER AIRCRAFT Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia: Potential Implications – 23 F-22A Raptor – 22

Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bundling and Filtration in Large-Scale Distributed Simulations – 136 FINANCE Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations – 132 FINGERS Identification and Control of Haptic Systems: A Computational Theory – 350 FINITE DIFFERENCE THEORY A Finite Difference Approximation for a Coupled System of Nonlinear SizeStructured Populations – 353 AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing, Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptivity and Trust Management – 384 Computational Modeling of Multicomponent Diffusion Using Fortran – 394

F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Background, Status, and Issues – 24

Fast Solvers for 3D Poisson Equations Involving Interfaces in an Finite or the Infinite Domain – 355

Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14

The Combined Schubert/Secant FiniteDifference Algorithm for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347

Localization Performance of Real and Virtual Sound Sources – 21 Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA18G Growler Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress – 19

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FEA Software for Determination of Residual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes for a Range of Gun Steels With Bauschinger Effect – 104

Overview of Sortie-Numbers in Various Operations (Overzicht Sortie-Aantallen in Diverse Operaties) – 6

Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discretization of the Diffusion Equation for Arbitrary Polyhedral Grids – 290

Proposed Termination of Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) F136 Alternate Engine – 19

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Blends of Inert and Catalytic Agents – 91

Tactical Aircraft Modernization: Issues for Congress – 23 Weapons Strengthen nical Data Systems –

Acquisition: DOD Should Policies for Assessing TechNeeds to Support Weapon 17

FIGURE OF MERIT Addressing the Requirements for RF Photonics – 355 FILLERS Nanoscale Mechanism of Composite Reinforcement by Fibers and Filler, Theoretical Computation and Experimental Validation of the Theory Using Rubber/Short Carbon Fiber Compounds – 80 FILLETS The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes – 102 FILTRATION An Analysis of Weight Change in Filters – 166 Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 88

Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame Behind a Step – 90 FIRES Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited – 441 Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames – 87 Post Fire Transient Temperature Distribution in Drum Type Packages – 77 FIRING (IGNITING) Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Characterize Violence with Varying Confinement – 76 FISHES Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A Randomized Controlled Trial – 250 Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program: Predicted versus Observed Catch – 114

A-39

Numerical Simulations of the Fish Passage Facilities at Lower Granite Dam – 386

Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31

FISSIONABLE MATERIALS General Purpose Fissile Package, A Replacement for the 6M Specification Package – 76

Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-ofAttack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation Control – 31

FITTINGS The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98 FITTING Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Sizing – 279 FLAME PROPAGATION Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity – 142 Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame Behind a Step – 90 FLAME TEMPERATURE A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Development Under Microgravity – 85 FLAMES A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Development Under Microgravity – 85 Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames – 87

The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using SuperConducting Magnets – 62 FLIGHT CREWS Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 271 Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in the Operational Environment – 264 Long-Distance Government Flights - A Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat Sorties? – 262 Nutrition Issues for Space Exploration – 221 Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4 Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267

Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Vehicles – 47 FLIGHT TIME Long-Distance Government Flights - A Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat Sorties? – 262 FLIGHT TRAINING FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Framework for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems – 10 FLOATING POINT ARITHMETIC Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of High-Performance Vacuum Electronic Devices – 434 FLOATING On the Dynamics of Floating Four-Bar Linkages – 392 FLOOD CONTROL Hydraulic Design of Channels Conveying Supercritical Flow – 147 FLOOD PLAINS Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Belknap County, New Hampshire – 171 Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Coos County, New Hampshire – 197 FLOW COEFFICIENTS Balanced Orifice Plate – 104

Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and Water/NaOH Solutions – 352

FLIGHT OPERATIONS Long-Distance Government Flights - A Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat Sorties? – 262

FLOW DISTRIBUTION Characterizing a Co-Flow Nozzle for use in a Filtered Rayleigh Scattering System – 144

Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames – 146

RLV Flight Operations Demonstration with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle (PREPRINT) – 63

Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100

FLIGHT PATHS Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4

FLOW EQUATIONS Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the CM-200 and CM-5 Parallel Supercomputers – 308

Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Blends of Inert and Catalytic Agents – 91 FLAT SURFACES Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to Xpatch – 313 FLEXIBLE SPACECRAFT LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Small Flexible Spacecraft Using FreeFree Boundary Conditions – 38 FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 FLIGHT CONDITIONS New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Weather-Related Accidents – 24 FLIGHT CONTROL Characterization of UAV Performance and Development of a Formation Flight Controller for Multiple Small UAVS – 17

A-40

FLIGHT SAFETY Human Factors Considerations for Area Navigation Departure and Arrival Procedures – 11 New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Weather-Related Accidents – 24 FLIGHT SIMULATION A Generic Multibody Parachute Simulation Model – 13 Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload Analysis – 6 FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Framework for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems – 10 FLIGHT SIMULATORS Contract Management: Service Contract Approach to Aircraft Simulator Training Has Room for Improvement – 32 Progress Toward a Format Standard for Flight Dynamics Models – 30 Swedish Projects – 11 FLIGHT TESTS Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Demonstrations – 46

Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Supercomputer – 355 FLOW MEASUREMENT Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion – 61 FLOW NOISE Development of a Silent Tow System – 409 FLOW REGULATORS Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assessment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160 FLOW STABILITY White Sands Missile Range Urban Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single Building Part 1: Background and Overview – 143 FLOW VELOCITY Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146 The Exploration Water Recovery System – 442 FLOW VISUALIZATION Characterizing a Co-Flow Nozzle for use in a Filtered Rayleigh Scattering System – 144

FLOW Efficient and Robust Numerical Modeling of Variably Saturated Flow in Layered Porous Media – 169

High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-onFoam Insulation (SOFI) – 45

White Sands Missile Range Urban Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single Building Part 1: Background and Overview – 143

Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insulation for the External Tank Return to Flight – 446

FLUID DYNAMICS Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames – 88 Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the CM-200 and CM-5 Parallel Supercomputers – 308 Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Supercomputer – 355 FLUID FLOW Acoustic Seal – 412 Balanced Orifice Plate – 104 Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module for Rocket Engine and Propulsion System Simulations – 145 FLUID MANAGEMENT Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management – 143 FLUID MECHANICS Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Flow Path and Sampling System – 26 FLUORESCENCE Development of Methods for the RealTime and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Eye – 251 The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and Fluorescence Effects – 414 FLUORIDES Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Ions – 81 FLUX DENSITY High Energy Density Cryogenic Capacitors – 138 FLYING PERSONNEL Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Personnel – 20 FOAMS A Combined Foam-Spray Model for Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 172 Characterization of Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Materials for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation – 44

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation Material for Shipboard Piping -- NonHalogenated Polyphosphazene Foam – 68

FORMATION FLYING A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Interferometry – 51 Accurate Formation Flying Design and Validation for the Darwin Precursor Demonstration Mission – 49 An Overview of CNES Strategy and Activities on Formation Flying – 57

FOILS (MATERIALS) Cryostat with Foil and MLI – 419

An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer – 53

FOLDING Folding of Aggregated Proteins to Functionally Active Form – 233

Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Relative Motion – 54

FOOD INTAKE Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years – 221

Application of a Relative Motion Guidance Algorithm to Formation Reassignment – 59

FOOD PRODUCTION (IN SPACE) Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years – 221

Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO – 57

FOOD Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 87

Characterization of UAV Performance and Development of a Formation Flight Controller for Multiple Small UAVS – 17

FOREARM Effect of the Forearm Tissue Temperature on the Cold Induced Vasodilation – 198 FORECASTING Combining Spatial Statistical and Ensemble Information in Probabilistic Weather Forecasts – 198 Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave Information Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast with 3-G Hindcasting – 113 Defense Technologies: DOD’s Critical Technologies Lists Rarely Inform Export Control and other Policy Decisions – 431

Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Framework – 58 Conservative Analytical Collision Probabilities for Orbital Formation Flying – 56 Design and Implementation of Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Separated Space Interferometry – 442 Design of the GNC System for a New Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope – 414 Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62

NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5

FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59

New Techniques in Space Weather Forecasting – 40

Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation Flying Demonstration – 58

Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Sharpness – 368

First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54

Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Averaging – 198 Research and Engineering Information Available to the War Fighter – 434 The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Verification – 358 WindSat Applications for Weather Forecasters and Data Assimilation – 194 FOREIGN BODIES Foreign Object Damage in a GasTurbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials – 27

Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed – 444 Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission – 52 Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit – 55 Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and Non-Natural Arcs – 49 GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53 High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 50

A-41

Navigation Algorithms for Formation Flying Missions – 52 PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using the Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor – 56 Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies – 47 Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector – 51

FOURIER SERIES Polar Phase Screens: A Comparison with Other Methods of Random Phase Screen Generation – 346 FOURIER TRANSFORMATION Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 358 Detecting Periodic Components in a White Gaussian Time Series – 192 FRACTURE STRENGTH 3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspective – 78

Strate-

FRACTURING 3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspective – 78

SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for HighEnergy Astrophysics Mission – 51

An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Dynamic Ductile Fracture in Stainless Steel Welds – 103

Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions – 48 Semimajor gies – 53

Axis

Estimation

Spacecraft Formation Flying near SunEarth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Generation and Adaptive Full-State Feedback Control – 52 Spacecraft Platform for Advanced Formation Flying – 62 SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Development and Validation Testbed: Current Progress and Beyond – 55 Static Formation Control Using Interspacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48 The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58 The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using SuperConducting Magnets – 62 Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission – 117 FORSTERITE A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Olivine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Semarkona that Experienced Limited Remelting – 189 FORTRAN Computational Modeling of Multicomponent Diffusion Using Fortran – 394 Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module for Rocket Engine and Propulsion System Simulations – 145 The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing – 285 FOSSILS Fossil Microorganisms chaean – 169

in

Ar-

FOULING The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards – 72

A-42

Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Fracture – 402 FRAGMENTATION Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Different Energies on the Radiation Hazard from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting Vertical Fragmentation – 280 FREE BOUNDARIES LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Small Flexible Spacecraft Using FreeFree Boundary Conditions – 38 FREE FLIGHT Station-Keeping Requirements for Astronomical Imaging with Constellations of Free-Flying Collectors – 56 FREEZING Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulonimbus Clouds – 195

The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned – 278 FREQUENCY CONTROL Frequency Selective Materials for Control of Radiated Emissions and Interference Suppression, Phase 2 – 149 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION Multiple-Access Capability of FrequencyHopped Spread-Spectrum Revisited: An Exact Analysis of the Effect of Unequal Power Levels – 404 Throughput and Packet Error Probability of Cellular Frequency-Hopped SpreadSpectrum Radio Networks – 404 FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS Discrimination Against Partially Overlapping Interference -Its Effect on Throughput in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Access Channels – 341 FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence and Hybrid Spread Spectrum – 405 FREQUENCY HOPPING Multiple-Access Capability of FrequencyHopped Spread-Spectrum Revisited: An Exact Analysis of the Effect of Unequal Power Levels – 404 Throughput and Packet Error Probability of Cellular Frequency-Hopped SpreadSpectrum Radio Networks – 404 FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT On the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Detection – 370 FREQUENCY MODULATION Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136

Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242

FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS Interrupt-based Phase-locked Frequency Multiplier – 166

The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258

FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING Advanced Optical Modulators for Nextgeneration Photonic Networks – 126

FREQUENCIES Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Mapping Estimator for Frequency Estimation – 350

FREQUENCY SHIFT Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Signal Processing – 126

Discrimination Against Partially Overlapping Interference -Its Effect on Throughput in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Access Channels – 341 Effects of Frequency and Environment on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg. C – 88

FRESH WATER Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake – 85 FRETTING Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI6AL-4V Under Fretting – 100

Investigation of Frequency-Domain and Time-Domain Free-Space Material Measurements – 400

FRICTION STIR WELDING Friction Stir Processing and Fusion Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Bronze – 96

Strong Consistency of the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Estimation – 370

FRICTION An Investigation of Control Strategies for Friction Compensation – 344

Friction Stir Processing and Fusion Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Bronze – 95

GALILEO SPACECRAFT GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space – 46

Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction and Impact – 75

GALLIUM ARSENIDES New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, TripleBandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for HighEfficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Systems – 176

FROSTBITE Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 271 Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines – 261 Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frostbite during Exposure to Cold Winds – 197

GAMES Games for Health 2005 – 430

GATES (CIRCUITS) Super Gate Turn-Off Thyristor – 141

Prediction and Prevention of Frostbite – 242

GAMMA RAY ASTRONOMY Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission – 450

FUEL CELLS Development of a Ship Service Fuel Cell – 181

GAMMA RAY SOURCES (ASTRONOMY) Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission – 450

FUEL INJECTION On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays – 84

GAMMA RAY TELESCOPES Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission – 450

FULLERENES Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Structure and Bonding – 75 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS A Functional Genomic Analysis of NF1Associated Learning Disabilities – 217 Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 247 FUNCTIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS Development of a Methodology for Customizing Insider Threat Auditing on a Microsoft Windows XP Operating System – 325 FUSION WELDING Friction Stir Processing and Fusion Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Bronze – 96 FUZZY SYSTEMS Geo-Spatial Tactical Decision Aid Systems: Fuzzy Logic for Supporting Decision Making – 387

Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas Turbine – 29 GASES Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation – 147

Object-Oriented Design and Implementation of Computer Chess – 303

FUEL TANK PRESSURIZATION Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112

Commercial and Technical Evaluation of the Application of Gas Turbine Technology in Industrial Plants in Bulgaria – 25

GALLIUM NITRIDES Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors and its Implications – 137

Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242

Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a Passive Heat and Moisture Exchanger – 258

GAS TURBINES Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 358

GLAST Tracker – 446 GAMMA RAYS Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission – 450 GLAST Tracker – 446

GENE EXPRESSION Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer – 211 Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM – 225 Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Cells, Tissues, and Medical Devices – 254 GENE THERAPY A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for Advanced Prostate Cancer – 246 Protein Transduction Based Therapies for Breast Cancer – 238

GAS ANALYSIS Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 358

PSES-A Novel Prostate Specific Chimeric Enhancer for Prostate Cancer Gene Therapy – 246

GAS BEARINGS Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161

Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 246

GAS DENSITY Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 GAS EXCHANGE Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Tests – 236 GAS FLOW Progress in the Development of a Multiphase Turbulent Model of the Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Ammunition Primer – 147

GALACTIC CLUSTERS Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) – 448

GAS MIXTURES Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With 40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256

GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Different Energies on the Radiation Hazard from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461

GAS STREAMS Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation – 32

GALAXIES Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449

GAS TURBINE ENGINES Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas Turbine – 29

GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Bays – 13 Longitudinal Study of the Market Penetration of Cockpit Weather Information Systems – 25 Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Safety and Enhancing Situation Awareness in General Aviation Environments – 411 GENERAL OVERVIEWS HFM-057: Biotechnologies for Assessment of Toxic Hazards in Operational Environments – 265 NASA Crew Launch view – 39

Vehicle Over-

Space Shuttle Overview – 45 GENES A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253

A-43

ATM Heterozygosity and the Development of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Morbidity Following Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer – 238 Bayesian Model Averaging: Development of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene Selection and Classification Tool for Microarray Data – 244 Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes that Regulate Radiation Responses in Prostate Cancer Cells – 211 Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes for Breast Cancer – 214 Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Cancer – 227 Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM – 225 Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites – 223 The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in Prostatic Oncogenesis – 207 Therapy Selection ing – 237

by

Gene

Profil-

Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 246 GENETIC ENGINEERING Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 246 GENETICS Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Selected Application of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients – 243 Control of Growth Within Drosophila Peripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Kinase A – 204 Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer – 248 Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes that Regulate Radiation Responses in Prostate Cancer Cells – 211 Positional Cloning of an Ashkenzai Jewish Hereditary Prostate Cancer – 227 Protein Transduction Based Therapies for Breast Cancer – 238 The Role of the NeurofibrominSyndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234 GENOME A Functional Genomic Analysis of NF1Associated Learning Disabilities – 217

A-44

A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241

Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector – 51

Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm in Young Permanent Teeth – 244

GLASS FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Resistance of Composite Laminates Under Mode I Loading – 79

Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224 GEODESIC LINES Range of the k-Dimensional Radon Transform in Real Hyperbolic Spaces – 393 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Encapsulation Application Research of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Environment – 171 Evaluation of Potential JHSV Port and Alternative Offload Sites in Coastal North Carolina – 439

GLASS Analytical Results of DWPF Glass Sample Taken During Filling of Canister S01913: Summary Report – 105 Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a StructurallyEfficient, High-Performance, LargeAperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation – 180 Macroscopic Cracking Determination in LaBS Glass – 97

Virtual Reality in Denmark – 337 GEOLOGY Fossil Microorganisms chaean – 169

GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides – 75

Ar-

Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159

International Symposium on Site Characterization for CO(sub 2) Geological Storage – 187

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM A GPS Receiver Designed for CarrierPhase Time Transfer – 135

GEOMAGNETISM Examination of the Armagh Observatory Annual Mean Temperature Record, 1844-2004 – 199

Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for Enhanced Signal Processing – 301

in

GEOMETRY Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Relative Motion – 54 Frames Generated by Subspace Addition – 358 Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Optimal Movement – 359 Gyroscopic tion – 445

Control

and

Stabiliza-

GEOMORPHOLOGY Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitability of Ancient Mars – 458

Characterizing the Impact of Precision Time and Range Measurements from Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Network Differential GPS Position Solutions – 124 Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Extensions with GPS-TEC Observations – 460 Development and Testing of a HighSpeed Real-Time Kinematic Precise DGPS Positioning System Between Two Aircraft – 154 GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space – 46 Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An MIT Security Studies Program Conference – 123

GEOPHYSICS Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Detection System Developed by Geophysical Solutions – 153

Pattern Search Methods in the Presence of Degeneracy – 362

GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITS Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Additional Action Needed to Incorporate Lessons Learned from Other Satellite Programs – 424

Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies – 47

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Steps Remain in Incorporating Lessons Learned from Other Satellite Programs – 445 Maneuver Estimation Model for Geostationary Orbit Determination – 38

Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using the Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor – 56

Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receivers – 57 Semimajor gies – 53

Axis

Estimation

Strate-

Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Commercial GPS Receiver Through Software Approach (Preprint) – 306

Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 GLOBULES Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457 GLUTAMATES Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 223

GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular Clouds – 448 Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) – 448 GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Gravitational Field – 34 GREAT CIRCLES Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Gravitational Field – 34

GOES SATELLITES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Additional Action Needed to Incorporate Lessons Learned from Other Satellite Programs – 424

GRENADES Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measurements of a Dismount With RocketPropelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at Ka-Band – 149

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Steps Remain in Incorporating Lessons Learned from Other Satellite Programs – 445

GRID COMPUTING (COMPUTER NETWORKS) MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of Efficient Native Supercomputing for Microsoft Windows Architecture – 288

GOGGLES Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Test – 150 GOVERNMENTS The Federal Workforce Additional Insights Could Enhance Agency Efforts Related to Hispanic Representation – 423 GRADIENTS Gradient Flow Based Matrix Joint Diagonalization for Independent Component Analysis – 389 GRAIN BOUNDARIES GA Addition to CIS Limit Its Cell Performance: the Amazing Physics of GrainBoundaries and Killer-Defects in Chalcopyrites – 177 GRANITE Numerical Simulations of the Fish Passage Facilities at Lower Granite Dam – 386 GRANULAR MATERIALS Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 455 Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450 Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Through Nonaxisymmetric Hoppers – 144 GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System – 287 User Manual for EXPRESS, the ‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30, 2006 – 283 GRASSLANDS Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at the Savannah River Site – 110

GROUND EFFECT (AERODYNAMICS) Experimental Investigation of the Aerodynamic Ground Effect of a Tailless Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing Flaps – 2 GROUND OPERATIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240 Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 270 GROUND SQUIRRELS Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 GROUND TRUTH Multiple-Event Markov-Chain nique – 290

Location Using the Monte Carlo Tech-

NASA’s Global Precipitation Mission Ground Validation Segment – 199 Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor Ground Validation for TRMM and GPM – 200 GROUND WATER Efficient Steady-State Solution Techniques for Variably Saturated Groundwater Flow – 145 Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 169

GROUND-AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATION Simulation and Performance of Data Communication using AMSS – 12 GROUP DYNAMICS Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385 GUIDANCE (MOTION) Application of Piecewise Linear Control Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle Guidance and Control – 40 Semimajor gies – 53

Axis

Estimation

Strate-

GUINEA PIGS Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Pigs – 66 GULF OF MEXICO Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave Information Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast with 3-G Hindcasting – 113 GULF STREAM Gulf Stream Temperature, Salinity and Transport During the Last Millennium – 173 GULFS Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 GUNS (ORDNANCE) FEA Software for Determination of Residual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes for a Range of Gun Steels With Bauschinger Effect – 104 Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14 Progress in the Development of a Multiphase Turbulent Model of the Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Ammunition Primer – 147 GUSTS Turbulence and mountain wave conditions observed with an airborne 2-micron lidar – 25 GYROSCOPES Gyroscopic Control tion – 445

and

Stabiliza-

Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing Mission – 445

Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal – 144

H II REGIONS Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular Clouds – 448

Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models for Groundwater Flow and Transport – 352

HABITABILITY Habitat Design Optimization and Analysis – 452

Simulation of Selected Ground-Water Pumping Scenarios at Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia – 142

Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitability of Ancient Mars – 458

A-45

HABITATS Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal Occurrence, Habitat Associations and Interactions with Ocean Dynamic Features – 411 HADRONS Charm Spectroscopy at BABAR – 421 Hadronic B Decays at BABAR – 401 HAIR Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 HALL THRUSTERS Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint) – 42 Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Near-Field Plasma Properties of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 311 Complementary Density Measurements for the 200W Busek Hall Thruster (PREPRINT) – 417 Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 404 Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion – 61 Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42 Xenon Feed System Progress – 92 HALOS Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit – 55 Spacecraft Formation Flying near SunEarth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Generation and Adaptive Full-State Feedback Control – 52 HAMILTONIAN FUNCTIONS Dissipation Induced Instabilities – 406 On the Dynamics of Floating Four-Bar Linkages – 392 Optimal Control and Poisson Reduction – 360 HANDBOOKS Depository Services: Comptroller’s Handbook, September 2006 – 282 NASA Scientific and Technical Information Standards – 433 Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guidebook – 444 HARBORS Wave Climate and Wave Response, Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii – 386 HARDNESS Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transparent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95

A-46

HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP SIMULATION Air Vehicle Technology Integration Program (AVTIP) Delivery Order 0015: Open Control Platform (OCP) Software Enabled Control (SEC) Hardware in the Loop Simulation - OCP Hardware Integration – 8 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Ethical Implications and Human Risk Assessment – 201

HEARING Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Literature Study – 410 Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Impact Models – 412 Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the Human Head – 410

Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Drivers – 70

Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19

Type B Package Radioactive Material Content Compliance – 76

Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication – 410

HAZARDS Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Environment – 333

Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Personnel – 20

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Military Personnel – 187

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Military Personnel – 187

Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Belknap County, New Hampshire – 171

Organization of Response Areas in Ferret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220

Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Coos County, New Hampshire – 197 Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Status Markers after their Homecoming – 271 The Risk Assessment of Occupational and Environmental Hazards – 272 Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in the USA – 432 HAZE Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60 HEALTH Baltimore City Faith-Based Prostate Cancer Prevention and Control Coalition – 215 Development of State Level Health Information Exchange Initiatives. Final Report – 116 Games for Health 2005 – 430 (Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant Combination for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in a Context of Continuous Operations) – 269 Prediction and Prevention of Frostbite – 242 Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Hexaphosphate – 230 Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Ethical Implications and Human Risk Assessment – 201 Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for Detecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies at Remote Military of Native American Health Care Facilities – 231 The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Technologies – 279

HEART DISEASES Modeling and Computation of Propagating Waves from Coronary Stenoses – 410 Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for Detecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies at Remote Military of Native American Health Care Facilities – 231 HEART FUNCTION Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 263 HEART RATE A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation – 268 Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Dehydrated Rats – 87 Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262 Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Wearing New Biological and Chemical Protective Combat Uniforms in MOPP 1 – 275 HEART A New Nonlinear Equations Test Problem – 351 Modeling and Computation of Propagating Waves from Coronary Stenoses – 409 HEAT EXCHANGERS Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a Passive Heat and Moisture Exchanger – 258

Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 HEAT FLUX Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors – 61 Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumentation Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center – 151 HEAT MEASUREMENT Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of FOX-7 – 96 HEAT SOURCES Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceouschondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Melt Asteroids – 193 HEAT TOLERANCE Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Wearing New Biological and Chemical Protective Combat Uniforms in MOPP 1 – 276 HEAT TRANSFER Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity – 141 Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28 Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors – 61 Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations – 131 HEAT TREATMENT Effects of Heat Treatment and Formulation on the Phase Composition and Chemical Durability of the EBR-II Ceramic Waste Form – 110 HEATING HOM Effects in Vacuum System with Short Bunches – 397 Thermal Conductivity of Composites Under Different Heating Scenarios – 420 HEAVY METALS Abatement of Marine Coatings Containing Heavy Metals – 65 HELICOPTERS Decision Analysis to Support ConditionBased Maintenance Plus – 19 Double protection passive pour les equipages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Concept et etude experimentale (Design and Experimental Study of the Passive Double Hearing Protection for the Crew of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411 HELIUM Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Effects of Burst Properties of Pressure Vessels – 77 Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With 40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256

HELMET MOUNTED DISPLAYS Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach – 10 The Effect of Various Display Modalities on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Performance – 265 HELMETS Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Sizing – 279 HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM – 225 HEMOGLOBIN A Microplate Assay for the Determination of Hemoglobin Concentration – 220 HEMORRHAGES Development Agents – 234

of

Hemostatic

HETEROGENEITY Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios – 86

HIGH CURRENT Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139 HOM Effects in Vacuum System with Short Bunches – 396 HIGH ENERGY INTERACTIONS Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos via Coherent Radio Emission – 420 HIGH FREQUENCIES Advanced Propagation Model (APM) Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern California Desert – 196 HIGH GAIN A GPS Receiver Designed for CarrierPhase Time Transfer – 135 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES A Language for Semantic sis – 296

Analy-

HIGH POWER LASERS Developing a Methodology for Elaborating a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High Power Laser Diodes – 157 Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode – 156

HETEROJUNCTION DEVICES 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact – 183

HIGH PRESSURE Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242

Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Dendrimers – 179

Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Flow Path and Sampling System – 26

HETEROJUNCTIONS 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors and its Implications – 136 Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Region – 130 HEURISTIC METHODS An Adaptive Tabu Search Heuristic for the Location Routing Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows with a Theater Distribution Application – 378 PRA: Massively Search – 382

Parallel

Heuristic

Semantics, Dialogue, and Reference Resolution – 381 HIBERNATION Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 HIGGS BOSONS Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Parameters – 402 HIGH ALTITUDE Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulonimbus Clouds – 195

Navy High-Pressure Waterjet ClosedLoop Paint Stripping System (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 73 HIGH RESOLUTION High Resolution Spectroscopy to Support Atmospheric Measurements – 185 HIGH SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) – 114 HIGH SPEED Advanced Optical Modulators for Nextgeneration Photonic Networks – 126 Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161 Development and Testing of a HighSpeed Real-Time Kinematic Precise DGPS Positioning System Between Two Aircraft – 154 EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmission – 126 High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) – 114 Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133

A-47

HIGH STRENGTH ALLOYS Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 98 HIGH STRENGTH STEELS Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 98 Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA Steels – 102

HOPPERS Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Through Nonaxisymmetric Hoppers – 144

Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach – 10

HORMONES Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer – 211

Status Report for HFM-078/RTG-17 Uninhabited Military Vehicles: Human Factor Issues in Augmenting the Force – 265

Molecular Targeting of the P13K/Akt Pathway to Prevent the Development Hormone Resistant Prostate Cancer – 210

The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Technologies – 279 The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned – 278

High Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurgical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 100

Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Hexaphosphate – 230

HIGH TEMPERATURE Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High Temperature Magnetic Material for PWR – 74

HOSES Air Force Aerial Refueling Methods: Flying Boom Versus Hose-and-Drogue – 9

HIGH VACUUM Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet FabryPerot Interferometers – 460

HOUSTON (TX) Houston-Galveston Navigation Channels, Texas Project: Navigation Channel Sedimentation Study, Phase 1 – 353

HUMAN PERFORMANCE Application of Shift Work Scheduling Principles and Tools for Optimizing Console Based Operations – 263

HIGH VOLTAGES Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Test System at the Outdoor Test Facility – 184

HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing Mission – 445

CRESST Human Performance Knowledge Mapping System – 302

HILBERT SPACE Discrete Representation of Signals from Infinite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces with Application to Noise Suppression and Compression – 342 Frames Generated by Subspace Addition – 358 HINDCASTING Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave Information Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast with 3-G Hindcasting – 113 Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Transformation – 377 HIPPOCAMPUS Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders With Mitochondrial Dysfunction – 228 HISTOGRAMS Histogram Estimators of Bivariate Densities – 365 HMX Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Characterize Violence with Varying Confinement – 76 HOMING DEVICES Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation for Distributed Sensor Networks and Missile Seeker Systems – 293 HOMOGENEITY Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulonimbus Clouds – 195 HONEYCOMB STRUCTURES Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honeycomb Conical Seal Panel – 60

A-48

Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects on Prostate Cancer – 250

The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Integrated Human Centric System – 267 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21

The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the HST/STIS – 442

Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness during Sustained Operations – 273

HUBS Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas Turbine – 29

Human Factors Considerations for Area Navigation Departure and Arrival Procedures – 11

HULLS (STRUCTURES) The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufacture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 300

Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment – 272

HUMAN BEHAVIOR Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human Behavior Influence Models – 432

The Effect of Various Display Modalities on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Performance – 265

The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258

The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274

HUMAN BEINGS Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of Black Men to Screening for Prostate Cancer – 234 Investigating Double Hearing Protection using Human Subjects – 411 Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and Mortality in Black and White Men in the Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties – 208 HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING A Human Factors Review of the Operational Error Literature – 6 Enabling Cultural Adaptability – 265 Human Factors Considerations for Area Navigation Departure and Arrival Procedures – 11 Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective – 266 Prevention of plaints – 277

Low

Back

Com-

Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach – 261

The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Integrated Human Centric System – 267 Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 HUMIDITY Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Meteorological Parameters STS-1 Through STS-107 – 194 HURRICANES Assessment of Shore Protection Project Performance Following the 2004 Hurricane Season – 196 Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Breakwater Systems – 194

Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195 HYBRID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Vehicles – 47 HYDRATION Operator Functional State Assessment (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle de i’operateur humain) – 256

Experimental Study of Deflagration-toDetonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine – 27

HYSTERESIS Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133

Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assessment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160

Model Development for Piezoceramic Nanopositioners – 106

Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183

HYDRAULIC JETS Navy High-Pressure Waterjet ClosedLoop Paint Stripping System (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 73

HYDROGEOLOGY Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal – 144

HYDRAULICS Hydraulic Design of Channels Conveying Supercritical Flow – 147

HYDROLOGY MODELS Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration – 354

HYDROCARBONS A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Development Under Microgravity – 85

HYDROLOGY Efficient Steady-State Solution Techniques for Variably Saturated Groundwater Flow – 145

Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A Randomized Controlled Trial – 249 Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Structure and Bonding – 75 Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branching in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays – 83 TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstration Field Sampling Report: Robins Air Force Base Warner-Robins GA – 69 HYDRODYNAMICS Including Nearshore Processes in Phase-Averaged Hydrodynamics Models – 391 Ship Squat Predictions for Ship/Tow Simulator – 379 HYDROGEN OXYGEN ENGINES RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration – 37 HYDROGENATION 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 HYDROGEN Characteristic Electrochemical Noise During Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Permeation – 64 Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Premixed Flames – 353 Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys – 63 Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation Mode – 187

HYDROLYSIS Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems from Molecular Structure by SPARC – 283 HYDROXIDES Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Final Report – 87 HYGIENE Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 HYPERSONIC FLOW Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Issues for Explosively Formed Penetrators – 2 HYPERSONIC VEHICLES SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Program – 148 HYPOBARIC ATMOSPHERES Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man – 277 HYPOTHERMIA Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 271 HYPOTHESES A Continuous-Time Distributed Version of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing Problem – 341 HYPOXIA Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man – 277

Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actuators – 106 Parameter Estimation Techniques for a Polarization Hysteresis Model – 398 Partial and Full Inverse Compensation for Hysteresis in Smart Material Systems – 129 IDENTIFYING Immigration: Analysis of the Major Provisions of the REAL ID Act of 2005 – 303 Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Controls – 339 IDENTITIES Effective Bezout Q[z1,...,Zn] – 349

Identities

in

IGNITION Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study – 83 ILLUMINATING Close Formation Flight of MicroSatellites for SAR Interferometry – 49 IMAGE ANALYSIS Electromechanical Television Systems with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and Synthesis – 131 Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173 IMAGE PROCESSING A Comparative Study for Orthogonal Subspace Projection and Constrained Energy Minimization – 169 Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? – 332 Distributed Compression in Camera Sensor Networks – 308 Document Image 1997 – 428

Understanding

-

Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust Model-Based Segmentation of Microarray Images – 369 Experiments in Expression Recognition – 333 Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Controls – 339 Robot Localization Using Visual Image Mapping – 331 Robust Point Matching for Non-Rigid Shapes: A Relaxation Labeling Based Approach – 390

A-49

StreetScenes: Towards Scene Understanding in Still Images – 335 IMAGERY A Comparative Study for Orthogonal Subspace Projection and Constrained Energy Minimization – 169 Automated Selection of Results in Hierarchical Segmentations of Remotely Sensed Hyperspectral Images – 170 Vision Based Localization in Urban Environments – 155 IMAGES Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 130 IMAGING TECHNIQUES A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System – 287 An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy Agents – 237 Document Image 1997 – 428

Understanding

-

International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA) – 284 Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for Advanced Prostate Cancer – 246 MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning for Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer – 207 PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope Concept and its Applications at Different Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000 Km) – 443 Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129 The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the HST/STIS – 442 The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56 IMMUNE SYSTEMS Associations Between Responses to the Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity to Malaria Infection – 202 IMMUNITY Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219 CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Activity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 Development of Mathematical Models of Immune Networks Intended for Information Security Assurance – 326 Intra-Prostate ducer – 249

Cancer

Vaccine

In-

The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203 IMMUNOLOGY CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Activity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225

A-50

Evaluation of the Effects of Multiple Immunizations Administered in a Stressful Environment on Immunologic Function – 254 IMPACT DAMAGE Foreign Object Damage in a GasTurbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials – 27 High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) – 114 Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced CarbonCarbon Bend Test and Analysis for Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Impact Damage Thresholds – 78 IMPACT LOADS Dynamic Compressive Responses and Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics Under High Confinement – 94 Foreign Object Damage in a GasTurbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials – 26 Modeling of Impact Beam – 360

on a Flexible

IMPACT MELTS Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Events on the LL Parent Body – 455

IMPURITIES Impurity-Band xNx – 181

Model

for

GaP1-

IN VITRO METHODS AND TESTS cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Cooperate With Estrogen to Promote Estrogen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquitination and Proteolysis in ER Negative Breast Cancers – 251 IN VIVO METHODS AND TESTS cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Cooperate With Estrogen to Promote Estrogen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquitination and Proteolysis in ER Negative Breast Cancers – 251 INDENTATION Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transparent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme for a Partially Observed Controlled Markov Chain – 357 Developing a Methodology for Elaborating a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High Power Laser Diodes – 157 Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration – 354

Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LLChondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling – 453

On the Poisson Equation for Countable Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions and Parameter Dependence by Probabilistic Methods – 346

Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt Breccia that Experienced Post-shock Annealing – 457

INDIUM ANTIMONIDES Characterization of Passivated Indium Antimonide – 91

IMPACT TESTS Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Modelling of Textured Metals and Validation Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Test – 99

INDONESIA Report of Visits to Singapore and Djakarta – 221

High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) – 114 IMPACT VELOCITY Foreign Object Damage in a GasTurbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials – 27 IMPACT Postshock Annealing and Postannealing Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chondrites: Implications for the Thermal and Shock Histories of Chondritic Asteroids – 456 Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We Can ‘See’ – 451 IMPEDANCE Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and PostAnnealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 IMPULSE GENERATORS Design of Current Impulse Generator – 131 Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130

INDUCTANCE Design of Current Impulse Generator – 131 INDUCTORS Magnetic Field Response Sensor For Conductive Media – 140 INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT The Information Flow Requirements of the Design and Procurement Processes of Shipbuilding Programs – 307 INDUSTRIAL PLANTS Commercial and Technical Evaluation of the Application of Gas Turbine Technology in Industrial Plants in Bulgaria – 26 HOM Effects in Vacuum System with Short Bunches – 396 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185

INDUSTRIAL WASTES Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Final Report – 87 INDUSTRIES China’s Oil Rush in Africa – 107 Economic Impact Analysis of the Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Residual Risk Standard – 184 High Accuracy Multidimensional Parameterized Surrogate Models for Fast Optimization of Microwave Circuits in the Industry Standard Circuit Simulators – 108 Implementation of Advanced Technology in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Workshop Report – 379 Terrorism and its Impact on the Construction Industry – 168 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 435 INERTIAL NAVIGATION Navigation Algorithms for Formation Flying Missions – 52 INERTIA The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using SuperConducting Magnets – 62

Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Status Markers after their Homecoming – 271

Exploring Interactive Relevance Feedback With a Two-Pass Study Design – 427

INFLATABLE STRUCTURES A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Comparison with Conventional Systems – 35

HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices – 440

INFORMATION DISSEMINATION Information Sharing for Homeland Security: A Brief Overview – 440

Flexible and Scalable Digital Library Search – 281

Headline Generation for Written and Broadcast News – 432 Sentence Level Information Patterns for Novelty Detection – 437

INFORMATION FLOW The Information Flow Requirements of the Design and Procurement Processes of Shipbuilding Programs – 307

INFORMATION SYSTEMS Application of the Strategic Alignment Model and Information Technology Governance Concepts to Support Network Centric Warfare – 323

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensitive Information through Bottleneck Monitoring – 439

Computing Trust from Revision History – 435 eReadiness of cesses – 287

Business

Pro-

Evaluation of the Quality of an Information Security Management System – 289

Forum Guide to Decision Support Systems: A Resource for Educators – 281

Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in Engineering Drawing Analysis – 301

Information System Models -- As A Tool for Shipyard Planning and Control (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 432

Flexible and Scalable Digital Library Search – 281 Information Technology (IT) Management: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430 International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA) – 284

Information Technology Governance and the Air Force – 325 Information Technology (IT) Management: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430

Infer.

Integration and Application of Human Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: Assessment of Network Centric Warfare Capabilities – 268

An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy Agents – 237

KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330

International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA) – 284

Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219

Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning With a Multi-Level Architecture – 336

Partnering for Patient Empowerment through Community Awareness. Facilitator’s Guide – 425

The Challenges of Information Management in the Networked Battlespace: Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and the Warfighter – 431

Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2 – 116

INFECTIOUS DISEASES A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241

Associations Between Responses to the Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity to Malaria Infection – 202 CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Activity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218 Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM – 225 Research and Operational Support for the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal Thai Government – 213

IRIS: Integrate, Share – 329

Relate.

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL Adding Numbers to Text Classification – 428 Combining Evidence from Homologous Datasets – 437 Customized Information Extraction as a Basis for Resource Discovery – 435 Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Free Codes – 217 Detecting Potential Insider Threats Through Email Datamining – 427 Efficient Reasoning with Large Knowledge Bases – 441 Evaluating the Quality of Query Refinement Suggestions in Information Retrieval – 437

RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation – 286 SSC San Diego Brief 2002 – 322 Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433 The Challenges of Information Management in the Networked Battlespace: Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and the Warfighter – 431 University-Industry Relations in Hungary: Establishment Scheme of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Information Technology Innovation and Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286 INFORMATION THEORY Entropy, Perception, ity – 427

and

Relativ-

A-51

The Dynamics of Information Fusion: Synthetic Versus Misassociation – 440

INJURIES A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Early Predictors of Outcome – 249

INSULATION Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insulation for the External Tank Return to Flight – 446

High Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Postprint) – 157

Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inhalation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biomarkers and Time Course of Lung Inflammation – 226

Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Structure and Bonding – 75

Development Agents – 234

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation Material for Shipboard Piping -- NonHalogenated Polyphosphazene Foam – 68

Nonelectronic Countermeasures for Infrared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of Heat Decoys as Countermeasures – 461

Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411

INFRARED RADIATION Characterization of Passivated Indium Antimonide – 91

INFRARED SPECTRA Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 358 Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Infrared Spectrum of Liquid MethanolWater Mixtures – 82 Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446 INFRARED SPECTROMETERS Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 447 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 358 INHIBITORS Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Blends of Inert and Catalytic Agents – 91

of

Hemostatic

Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective – 266 Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness – 271 Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to Prevent Local Cold Injuries – 242 Prediction and Prevention of Frostbite – 242 Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a Passive Heat and Moisture Exchanger – 258 The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258 Trauma Symptomatology Among Female U.S. Navy Recruits – 237

Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpression of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resistance to Herceptin – 214

‘Hoo-ah’ or Ouch: Methodologies for Assessing Military Vehicle Occupant Injuries – 204

Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases for Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancer – 215

INOSITOLS Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Hexaphosphate – 230

Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Prostate Cancer Radioresistance – 215

INSERTS Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Correction Insert Stability Evaluation – 261

New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically Block Organophosphorylation – 218 Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242 The Clinical Development of Thalildomide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245 INHOMOGENEITY Statistical Analysis of the Nonhomogeneity Detector for Non-Gaussian Interference Backgrounds – 366 INITIATION Initiation of Detonation in a Large Tube – 28 INJECTORS Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors – 61 Thermal Design and Analysis of the Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injector – 93

A-52

INSPECTION Development of Standard Procedures for Shipboard Print Inspection – 71 High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-onFoam Insulation (SOFI) – 45

Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumentation Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center – 151 INTEGERS Solving Integer Programs With Enumeration Cutting Planes – 300 INTEGRAL TRANSFORMATIONS Range of the k-Dimensional Radon Transform in Real Hyperbolic Spaces – 393 INTEGRALS Effective Bezout Q[z1,...,Zn] – 349

Identities

in

INTEGRATORS Creating Agile Business through ServiceOriented Architecture – 284 INTELLIGENCE Online Learning Style and e-Learning Approaches – 285 Status Report for HFM-078/RTG-17 Uninhabited Military Vehicles: Human Factor Issues in Augmenting the Force – 265 INTELLIGIBILITY Extension of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433 Improving Multitalker Speech Communication with Advanced Audio Displays – 121 Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and Contact Microphones – 121 INTERFACES The Immersed Interface Method for Elasticity Problems with Interfaces – 400 INTERFACIAL TENSION Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Chondrites – 191

Visual Reference Standards for Weld Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99

INTERFEROMETERS Accurate Formation Flying Design and Validation for the Darwin Precursor Demonstration Mission – 50

INSTALLING Proactive Options With Neighbors for Defense-Installation Sustainability – 435

An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer – 53

INSTRUCTORS From Distance Learning to Blended Learning: A Program Incorporating Multiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning Examples from V-learn.ie – 285

Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed – 444 GNC System for the Deployment and Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Interferometer – 443

PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope Concept and its Applications at Different Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000 Km) – 443 Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions – 48 SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48 INTERFEROMETRY A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Interferometry – 51 Close Formation Flight of MicroSatellites for SAR Interferometry – 49 Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner and Baseline Rotation – 416 Design and Implementation of Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Separated Space Interferometry – 442 Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission – 52 Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Control for Satellite Formations – 443 INTERIOR BALLISTICS Progress in the Development of a Multiphase Turbulent Model of the Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Ammunition Primer – 147 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of International Space Station Pressure Wall Welds – 167 Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Last 45 Years – 255 ISS Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Project -2006 Update – 80 NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 258

Research and Development of HighCapacity Optical Link Technologies – 291 Wavelength Routing/Optical Switching/Optical Access work – 281 Web-based Open Framework – 299

Tool

Burst Net-

Integration

INTEROPERABILITY A New Conceptual Framework for NetCentric, Enterprise-Wide, System-ofSystems Engineering – 386 Exploration of the Area of Multinational Operations and Inter-Cultural Factors: An Update of HFM-120/RTG Activities – 262 Incorporating Active and Multi-DatabaseState Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit – 310 Model Problems in Technologies for Interoperability: Web Services – 316 INTERPOLATION 3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspective – 78 INTERPROCESSOR COMMUNICATION Defining Cyberspace as a USA Air Force Mission – 430 INTERRUPTION Interrupt-based Phase-locked Frequency Multiplier – 166 INTERSTELLAR MATTER Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer - Shuttle Pallet Satellite (ORFEUS-SPAS) – 447 Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment – 449 Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guidebook – 444

Nutrition Issues for Space Exploration – 221

INTERSTELLAR RADIATION SalSA: A Teraton UHE Neutrino Detector – 447

INTERNETS Attack Processes Found on the Internet – 323

INTERSTITIALS Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI Semiconductors – 178

Computer and Internet Use by Students in 2003. Statistical Analysis Report – 282

INTESTINES Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM – 225

Eros-based ent – 313

Confined

Capability

Cli-

Home Computers and Internet Use in the USA: August 2000. Special Studies. Current Population Reports – 120

INTRAVENOUS PROCEDURES Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Emulsion – 256

How to Use FASTLANEs to Protect IP Networks – 328

INTRUSION Distributed Tracing of Intruders – 346

International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA) – 284 Internet-Based Cervical Screening Program – 232

Cytology

INVERSIONS An Inverse Eigenvalue Problem With Rotational Symmetry – 390 Velocity Inversion by Coherency Optimization – 192 IODIDES Feasibility Study for the Reduction of Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous Anions – 83 IODINE COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92 Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 ION BEAMS Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 407 ION CYCLOTRON RADIATION High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of BBELF Turbulence – 417 ION DISTRIBUTION Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 405 IONS Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Ions – 81 IRON METEORITES Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LLChondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling – 453 IRON OXIDES A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Olivine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Semarkona that Experienced Limited Remelting – 189 Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of LowFeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Composition, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule Size – 190

Intrusion Tolerance for Unclassified Networked Systems – 317

Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LLChondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling – 453

INVARIANCE Measurement of CP-Violating Parameters in Fully Reconstructed B to D(*)+pi-+ and B to D+-rho-+ Decays – 398

Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Type II Chondrules and Limited Overgrowths on Phenocrysts Following the Final Melting Event – 191

A-53

IRON A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites – 189

JET FLAPS Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Airfoil – 15

Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 86

JET FLOW Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correlations in Jets – 26

IRRADIATION Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Prostate Cancer Radioresistance – 215 IRRITATION Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Pigs – 66

JOINED WINGS A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Joined Wing Scissor Morphing – 2 JOINTS (JUNCTIONS) Relative Equilibria for Two Rigid Bodies Connected by a Ball-in-Socket Joint – 405

ISLANDS Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal – 144

JP-8 JET FUEL Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111

ISOMERS Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study – 83

KALMAN FILTERS Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Systems in Correlated Noise with NonGaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic Behavior of the Difference Between the MMSE and LMSE Estimates – 367

ISOTOPE RATIOS Role of Deep Convection in Establishing the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 ISOTOPIC LABELING Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of LowFeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 ITERATION On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 351 The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the Hessian in Constrained Optimization – 351

Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and Riccati Equations – 354 On the Effects of the Initial Condition in State Estimation for Discrete-Time Linear Systems – 339 Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receivers – 57 KAMACITE A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Olivine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Semarkona that Experienced Limited Remelting – 189

JAPAN Adaption of Japanese Prefabrication Priming Procedure to U.S. Shipbuilding Methodology Task 3-79-1 – 71

KAONS Search for the Decay of Neutral B Mesons to a Neutral K Star Meson and a Neutral K Meson Using the BaBar Detector – 401

JAVA (PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE) Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern Realizations – 303

KERNEL FUNCTIONS Fast Rates for Regularized Squares Algorithm – 371

Least-

KINETIC ENERGY Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correlations in Jets – 26 Energy Index vers – 30

For

Aircraft

Maneu-

KINETICS Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183 Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of FOX-7 – 96 Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction and Impact – 75 KITS VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real-Time Systems – 314 KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Without Programmers – 309 FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Framework for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems – 10 Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements – 337 Machine Learning for the Knowledge Plane – 306 KNOWLEDGE BASES (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE) Efficient Reasoning with Large Knowledge Bases – 441 KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in Engineering Drawing Analysis – 301 KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330

.NET Security: Lessons Learned and Missed from Java – 295

Learning User Preferences for Sets of Objects – 291

Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements – 337

Object-Oriented Design and Implementation of Computer Chess – 303

Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292

LABORATORIES Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guidebook – 444

KIDNEYS The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203

LABORATORY ASTROPHYSICS Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guidebook – 444

The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing – 285 JET AIRCRAFT F-22A Raptor – 22 Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14 Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19 JET ENGINE FUELS Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111 TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstration Field Sampling Report: Robins Air Force Base Warner-Robins GA – 69

A-54

KILOMETRIC WAVES SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48 KINEMATICS Development and Testing of a HighSpeed Real-Time Kinematic Precise DGPS Positioning System Between Two Aircraft – 154 Motion Control and Planning for Nonholonomic Kinematic Chains – 342

LABOR Labor Standards Application Program, Phase 4 - FY-83, Blast and Paint Shops – 108 The Federal Workforce Additional Insights Could Enhance Agency Efforts Related to Hispanic Representation – 423 LABYRINTH SEALS Continued Investigation of Leakage and Power Loss Test Results for Competing Turbine Engine Seals – 162

LAGRANGE COORDINATES Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit – 55

Performance Comparison of Optically Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared Lasers – 158

Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past Production of Nuclear Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress – 186

LAKES Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake – 85

The Application of Intelligent Robotic Systems and Lasers for Manufacturing – 157

LAYOUTS Group Technology/Flow Applications Research (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 260

LAND USE A Four-Component Decomposition of POLSAR Image – 426 Proactive Options With Neighbors for Defense-Installation Sustainability – 434 LANGUAGES Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architectures and Motion Control – 300 LARGE EDDY SIMULATION Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames – 146 LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION Research and Development of HighCapacity Optical Link Technologies – 292 LARGE SPACE STRUCTURES Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using the Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor – 56 LASER ARRAYS Fiber Laser Arrays – 158 LASER BEAMS Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propagation and Global Modeling – 195 Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 362 LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 405 LASER MODE LOCKING Photonic Arbitrary Waveform Generation Technology – 159 LASER RANGE FINDERS Expedient Gap Definition Using 3D LADAR – 155 LASER SPECTROSCOPY Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Structure and Bonding – 75 LASER WELDING Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 104 LASERS Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues for Congress – 158 Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propagation and Global Modeling – 194

LAUNCH VEHICLE CONFIGURATIONS Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Vehicles – 47 LAUNCH VEHICLES A Comparative Analysis of Single-StageTo-Orbit Rocket and Air-Breathing Vehicles – 39 Application of Piecewise Linear Control Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle Guidance and Control – 40 Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage – 37

Visualizing Parallel Workspace Activities – 377 LAY-UP The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactivation of LNG Tankers: Lessons Learned – 112 LEADERSHIP Building SMART Leadership – 423

Demonstration and Analysis of Reusable Launch Vehicle Operations – 40

Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective – 266

Low-Cost Launch Systems for the DualLaunch Concept – 36

Senturion: A Predictive Political Simulation Model – 314

NASA Crew Launch Vehicle Overview – 39

LEADING EDGES Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation – 32

National Security Space Launch Report – 43 RLV Flight Operations Demonstration with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle (PREPRINT) – 63 RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration – 37 The DARPA/USAF Falcon Small Launch Vehicles – 36

Program

THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) the New Paradigm for Booster Rockets – 42 LAUNCHERS Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measurements of a Dismount With RocketPropelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at Ka-Band – 149 LAUNCHING Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Additional Action Needed to Incorporate Lessons Learned from Other Satellite Programs – 424

High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-onFoam Insulation (SOFI) – 45 Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced CarbonCarbon Bend Test and Analysis for Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Impact Damage Thresholds – 78 Slotted Aircraft Wing – 23 LEAKAGE Continued Investigation of Leakage and Power Loss Test Results for Competing Turbine Engine Seals – 162 LEARNING CURVES How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful Animations for Teaching and Research Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camtasia(TradeMark) – 287 LEARNING THEORY Stability Results Theory – 395

in

Learning

Low-Cost Launch Systems for the DualLaunch Concept – 36

LEARNING A Functional Genomic Analysis of NF1Associated Learning Disabilities – 217

Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer - Shuttle Pallet Satellite (ORFEUS-SPAS) – 447

Adding Numbers to Text Classification – 428

LAW (JURISPRUDENCE) Development of State Level Health Information Exchange Initiatives. Final Report – 116

COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92

Information Technology (IT) Management: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430

Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Thin Disks – 157

Public Safety Communications: Policy, Proposals, Legislation and Progress – 119

Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 222 KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330 Machine Learning for the Knowledge Plane – 306 Stability Results Theory – 395

in

Learning

A-55

LEAST SQUARES METHOD A Memoryless Augmented GaussNewton Method for Nonlinear LeastSquares Problems – 360 A New Nonlinear Equations Test Problem – 351

The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Integrated Human Centric System – 267 LIFE (DURABILITY) An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis – 387

Asymptotics of Gaussian Regularized Least-Squares – 395

CMMI for 1.2 – 307

Estimation of Multiple Sinusoids by Parametric Filtering – 370

NASA: Sound Management and Oversight Key to Addressing Crew Exploration Vehicle Project Risks – 423

Fast Rates for Regularized Squares Algorithm – 371

Least-

TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems Using Tensor Methods – 356 The Determination of Remaining Satellite Propellant Using Measured Moments of Inertia – 366 Toward Direct Sparse Cholesky Factors – 350

Updates

of

LENNARD-JONES POTENTIAL A New Large-Scale Global Optimization Method and Its Application to LennardJones Problems – 357 LEPTONS Exclusive Charmless Semileptonic Decays B yields X(sub u)lV from BABAR – 421 LETHALITY Initial Technology Assessment for the Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) System – 152 The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Technologies – 279 LEUKOCYTES Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs With Neurologic Decompression Sickness – 222 LIAPUNOV FUNCTIONS Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases – 369 LIBRARIES Flexible and Scalable Digital Library Search – 281 LIBRATIONAL MOTION Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and Non-Natural Arcs – 49 LIBRATION Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft Formations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular Libration Points – 444

Development,

Version

LIFE SCIENCES NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 259 LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS Exercise Following Simulated Parachuting from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Reduced and is the Probability of Post Descent Decompression Sickness Increased? – 275 LIGHT SOURCES The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and Fluorescence Effects – 415 LIGHT TRANSMISSION Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419 LINE OF SIGHT Design of the GNC System for a New Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope – 414 LINEAR ACCELERATORS Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for Luminosity Performance Studies – 422 LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER (LET) Automating the Modeling of the SEE Cross Section’s Angular Dependence – 419 LINEAR EQUATIONS Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Relative Motion – 54 LINEAR FILTERS Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 363 LINEAR PROGRAMMING A Variable-Metric Variant of the Karmarkar Algorithm for Linear Programming – 348

LIE GROUPS High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – 395

On the Convergence of the MizunoTodd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center of the Solution Set – 349

Optimal Control and Poisson Reduction – 360

On the Convergence of the Tapia Indicators in the Absence of Strict Complementarity – 350

LIFE CYCLE COSTS Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375

On the Formulation and Theory of the Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlinear Programming – 300

A-56

Solving Integer Programs With Enumeration Cutting Planes – 300 LINEAR QUADRATIC GAUSSIAN CONTROL LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Small Flexible Spacecraft Using FreeFree Boundary Conditions – 38 LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Telescope’s Adaptive Optics System – 363 LINEAR SYSTEMS Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Systems in Correlated Noise with NonGaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic Behavior of the Difference Between the MMSE and LMSE Estimates – 367 Generalized tions – 374

Conjugate

Direc-

On the Effects of the Initial Condition in State Estimation for Discrete-Time Linear Systems – 339 LINEARITY Practical Twistor Spinoffs: On Shell Tree and Loop Recursion Relations – 398 LINGUISTICS Sentence Level Information Patterns for Novelty Detection – 438 Story Link Detection and New Event Detection are Asymmetric – 330 LININGS Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105 LINKAGES On the Dynamics of Floating Four-Bar Linkages – 392 Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385 LIPID METABOLISM Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A Randomized Controlled Trial – 250 LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactivation of LNG Tankers: Lessons Learned – 112 LIQUID AIR Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Complex Radioactive High Level Radioactive Waste – 97 LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Dynamics of Post-Translational Modifications on Human Histone H4 Through the Cell Cycle – 239 LIQUID CRYSTALS Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Liquid Crystals – 94 LIQUID FILLED SHELLS Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid Payload: The Candlestick Problem and Porous Media – 142

LIQUID HYDROGEN Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management – 143 RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration – 37 Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 LIQUID OXYGEN Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors – 61 LIQUID PHASES The Exploration Water Recovery System – 442 LIQUID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 62 Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors – 61 LIQUID ROCKET PROPELLANTS Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion – 61 LIQUID WASTES On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays – 84 LIQUIDS Electronic Structure Studies of High Energy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) – 94 Electronic Structure Studies of Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – 93 Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seeding – 86 LITERATURE A Human Factors Review of the Operational Error Literature – 6 Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Survey 1990-2005 – 248 LIVER The Isolated Perfused Rat Liver and its use in the Study of Chemical Kinetics: Quality and Performance Parameters – 82 LOADS (FORCES) An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Deformations for a Homogeneous Beam at Varying Tip Loads and Pitch Angles – 14 Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload Analysis – 6

LOG PERIODIC ANTENNAS Measurement of the Propagation Constant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Array (Preprint) – 137

LOW TEMPERATURE Deformation Microstructure in BetaTitanium After Deformation at Low Temperatures – 102

LOGIC CIRCUITS Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit Synthesis and Testing – 138

Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty – 257

LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT Aging Naval Aircraft Study – 9

Prediction and Prevention of Frostbite – 242

Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Demonstrations – 45 Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution Planning and Control – 121 LOGISTICS University-Industry Relations in Hungary: Establishment Scheme of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Information Technology Innovation and Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286 LONG DURATION SPACE FLIGHT Habitat Design Optimization and Analysis – 452 NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 258 LOSSES Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136 LOW CARBON STEELS Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Complex Radioactive High Level Radioactive Waste – 97 LOW COST Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxidation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. Annual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005 – 188 Low-Cost Launch Systems for the DualLaunch Concept – 36 Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Commercial GPS Receiver Through Software Approach (Preprint) – 306 The DARPA/USAF Falcon Small Launch Vehicles – 36

Program

LOW EARTH ORBITS Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion to Robotic and Human Missions in NearEarth Space – 329 Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Demonstrations – 45 Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 The DARPA/USAF Falcon Small Launch Vehicles – 36

Program

The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258 LOW THRUST Spacecraft Platform for Advanced Formation Flying – 62 LOW VACUUM Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Materials Processing Technology – 91 LOWER ATMOSPHERE Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere with Millimeter-Wave Radar – 152 LUMINOSITY Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for Luminosity Performance Studies – 422 X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity – 449 LUNAR CRATERS Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We Can ‘See’ – 451 LUNAR CRUST Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 LUNAR DUST The Apollo Expericence Lessons Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust Management – 459 LUNAR EXPLORATION Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 451 LUNAR GEOLOGY Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 451 Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We Can ‘See’ – 451 LUNAR LANDING SITES Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 LUNAR LOGISTICS The Apollo Expericence Lessons Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust Management – 459 LUNAR PROGRAMS The Apollo Expericence Lessons Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust Management – 459

Com-

LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146

LUNAR SOIL Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291

LOW SPEED An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133

LUNAR SURFACE Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 451

Prevention of plaints – 277

Low

Back

A-57

The Apollo Expericence Lessons Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust Management – 458 LUNAR TOPOGRAPHY Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We Can ‘See’ – 451 LUNGS Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inhalation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biomarkers and Time Course of Lung Inflammation – 227 B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Radiology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual Search Efficiency – 213 Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program – 240 Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Ethical Implications and Human Risk Assessment – 201 LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245 Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Breast Cancer – 205

Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System – 140 Magnetic Field Response Sensor For Conductive Media – 139 MAGNETIC MATERIALS Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High Temperature Magnetic Material for PWR – 74 Investigation of Frequency-Domain and Time-Domain Free-Space Material Measurements – 400 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts – 259 MAGNETIC RESONANCE MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning for Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer – 207 MAGNETIC SIGNATURES Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections: Dominance of the Free Magnetic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Alone – 461

MAGNETS Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Research and Development (R&R) Support: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Earth Magnets – 102 MAINTENANCE TRAINING The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Technologies – 280 MAINTENANCE Decision Analysis to Support ConditionBased Maintenance Plus – 19 Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Army Main Battle Tank Components – 99 Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in Recombination – 242 Standards Database Phase II – 425

Maintenance

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of New Surface Preparation and Coating Repair Techniques in Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67 Weapons Strengthen nical Data Systems –

Acquisition: DOD Should Policies for Assessing TechNeeds to Support Weapon 17

MACH NUMBER Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilibrium Air Plasma – 415

Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet FabryPerot Interferometers – 459

MACHINE LEARNING Adding Numbers to Text Classification – 428

MAGNETIC VARIATIONS Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Extensions with GPS-TEC Observations – 460

MALES Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of Black Men to Screening for Prostate Cancer – 234

MAGNETITE A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Olivine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Semarkona that Experienced Limited Remelting – 189

Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and Mortality in Black and White Men in the Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties – 208

Balancing Multiple Sources of Reward in Reinforcement Learning – 333 Machine Learning for the Knowledge Plane – 306 MACHINE TRANSLATION Combining Evidence from Homologous Datasets – 437 MACHINING A Systems Engineering Approach to Design a Smart Tool Post Structure – 373 MACROPHAGES Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219 Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy – 243 MAGMA Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LLChondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling – 453 MAGNESIUM ISOTOPES Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceouschondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Melt Asteroids – 193 MAGNETIC FIELDS Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections: Dominance of the Free Magnetic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Alone – 461

A-58

MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FLOW An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133 MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of BBELF Turbulence – 417 MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS New Techniques in Space Weather Forecasting – 40 MAGNETOMETERS Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing Mission – 445 MAGNETORESISTIVITY Design and Performance of GMR Sensors for the Detection of Magnetic Microbeads in Biosensors – 400 MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Magnetorheological Fluids – 145 MAGNETOSTRICTION A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostrictive Sensors – 156

Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects on Prostate Cancer – 250 MAMMALS Organization of Response Areas in Ferret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220 MAMMARY GLANDS Breast Cancer in African American Women: Molecular Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes – 202 Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Selected Application of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients – 243 Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast Cancer Among Women by Ethnicity – 209 CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Generation of Molecular Probes Capable of Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu Peptide Complex – 247 Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy – 243 Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Target for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212

Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpression of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resistance to Herceptin – 214 Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes for Breast Cancer – 214 Identification of Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast Cancer – 213 Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer – 210 Protein Transduction Based Therapies for Breast Cancer – 238 Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Breast Cancer – 205 Selenium and Growth – 235

Breast

Cancer

Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preoperatively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Cancer – 236 Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecular Target in Breast Cancer – 229 MAN MACHINE SYSTEMS The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Integrated Human Centric System – 268 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information System Models -- As A Tool for Shipyard Planning and Control (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 432 MANAGEMENT PLANNING Department of Defense Net-Centric Spectrum Management Strategy – 403 Information Technology (IT) Management: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430 Results From Use of an Integrated Schedule for Drawing Development and Equipment Procurement (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325 Strategic Planning of Communications and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar Energy Technologies Program – 177 Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution Planning and Control – 121 Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Approach to Managing Innovation in the Public Sector – 426 U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in Implementing Aerospace Commission Recommendations, and Remaining Challenges – 425 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS eReadiness of Business cesses – 287

Pro-

Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment – 272 NOAA’s Environmental Data Management: Integrating the Pieces – 193 System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 433 U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in Implementing Aerospace Commission Recommendations, and Remaining Challenges – 425

Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mating Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 144 Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions With Application to Flexible Manufacturing Systems – 382 Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Ethical Implications and Human Risk Assessment – 201 The Application of Intelligent Robotic Systems and Lasers for Manufacturing – 157

MANEUVERS Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO – 57

MAPPING Robot Localization Using Visual Image Mapping – 331

Design and Implementation of Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Separated Space Interferometry – 442

Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Belknap County, New Hampshire – 171

Maneuver Estimation Model for Geostationary Orbit Determination – 38

Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Coos County, New Hampshire – 197

Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions – 48

MAPS Supporting Situation Assessment through Attention Guidance: A CostBenefit and Depth of Processing Analysis – 259

MANIPULATORS Impact and Force Control of Flexible Manipulators – 345 MANNED SPACE FLIGHT Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion to Robotic and Human Missions in NearEarth Space – 329 Challenges Flight – 444

of

Human

Space

Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Last 45 Years – 255 Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years – 221 NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study – 459 Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Associated with Spaceflight – 255 MANPOWER Application of Shift Work Scheduling Principles and Tools for Optimizing Console Based Operations – 263 MANUAL CONTROL Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) ‘Quadrocopter Garmisch 2005’ – 24 MANUALS User Manual for EXPRESS, the ‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30, 2006 – 283 MANUFACTURING A Geometric Algorithm for Automated Design of Multi-Stage Molds for Manufacturing Multi-Material Objects – 161 Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373

MARINE BIOLOGY Utility of Niche Models in Developing Site Assessments Technologies Associated With Aquatic Nuisance Species Invasions at Corps Facilities – 305 MARINE CHEMISTRY The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Composition Sensitivity to Variations in Source and Process – 173 MARINE MAMMALS Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal Occurrence, Habitat Associations and Interactions with Ocean Dynamic Features – 411 MARINE TECHNOLOGY A Planning Guide - New Technologies in Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Standards (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 366 Adaption of Japanese Prefabrication Priming Procedure to U.S. Shipbuilding Methodology Task 3-79-1 – 70 Applications of Digital Transfer of Computer Aided Design Data for Production Usage (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 Automatic Submerged ARC Welding With Metal Power Additions to Increase Productivity and Maintain Quality – 164 Basic Principles of Industrial Engineering (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 376

A-59

Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Versus Complete Coating in Ballast TanksFive Year Report – 71 Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164 Computer-Assisted Methodology for the Determination of the Optimal Number and Location of Tool Sheds (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 379 Computerized Compendium of Standards – 429 Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Castings (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164 Development of a Ship Service Fuel Cell – 181 Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 98 Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA Steels – 102 Feasibility Study: Automated Painting of Pipe Pieces, Hangers, and Other Small Parts: Maximizing Shop Painting Operations Task 3.84.4 – 72

Navy High-Pressure Waterjet ClosedLoop Paint Stripping System (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 73 Novel Techniques and Their Applications for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of Welded Structures (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for Underwater Service (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 71 Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Surface Preparation and Coatings – 73 Results From Use of an Integrated Schedule for Drawing Development and Equipment Procurement (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325 Shell Plate Definition Guide for Ship Designers (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 104 Ship Production Symposium Held in Seattle, Washington on August 24-26, 1988 (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 332

Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100

Soviet Technique for Estimating PostWelded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162

Group Technology/Flow Applications Research (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 260

The Application of Intelligent Robotic Systems and Lasers for Manufacturing – 157

Harnessing Simulation of Naval Shipyards – 304 High Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurgical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 100 Implementation of Advanced Technology in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Workshop Report – 379 Information System Models -- As A Tool for Shipyard Planning and Control (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 432 Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 104 Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mating Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 144 National Shipbuilding Research Program. Performance Testing of Marine Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Procedures – 68

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The Information Flow Requirements of the Design and Procurement Processes of Shipbuilding Programs – 306 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation Material for Shipboard Piping -- NonHalogenated Polyphosphazene Foam – 68 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufacture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards – 72 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle Measurement for Inclining Experiments – 307 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes – 101

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Evaluation and Improvements – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measurement of Shipboard Piping Using a Portable Coordinate Measuring Machine (PCMM) – 163 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Patrol Boat – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing – 102 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactivation of LNG Tankers: Lessons Learned – 111 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Measuring Systems for Increased Accuracy and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Repair – 311 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Combined Abrasive Recycling and Containment - Final Report With Summary and Conclusions – 67 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Development of Non-Polluting, Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Systems For Ships – 72 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of New Surface Preparation and Coating Repair Techniques in Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of Shipbuilding CAD/CAM Systems (Phase I) – 296 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of Distributive Systems Models. Phase 1 – 172 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Reduced Volume of Spent Abrasive in Open Air Blasting – 67 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 435 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. User’s Guide to Selection of Blasting Abrasives – 74 The National Shipbuilding Research Program)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning Methods and Tooling Evaluation – 98 The Use of Computers in Advancing Group Technology (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 306 Tracking System for Automatic Welding. Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip Life for Through-the-Arc Welding System – 163 User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Software (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Feasibility Study (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 329 Work Planning for Shipyard Surface Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A Training Manual) – 100 MARKERS Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabolism and Progression From High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN) to Prostate Cancer – 216 MARKETING A Facilitator Method for Upstream Design Activities with Diverse Stakeholders – 310 Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses to Service Failure – 288 MARKOV CHAINS Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme for a Partially Observed Controlled Markov Chain – 357 Multiple-Event Markov-Chain nique – 290

Location Using the Monte Carlo Tech-

On the Poisson Equation for Countable Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions and Parameter Dependence by Probabilistic Methods – 346 MARKOV PROCESSES Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Processes With Average Cost Criterion: A Survey – 369

MARS MISSIONS NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis – 375 MARS (PLANET) Challenges of Flight – 445

Human

Space

MARS SURFACE Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 175 Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitability of Ancient Mars – 458 MASKS Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Correction Insert Stability Evaluation – 261 Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a Passive Heat and Moisture Exchanger – 258

Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body Systems – 364 Automating the Modeling of the SEE Cross Section’s Angular Dependence – 419 Bayesian Regularization for Normal Mixture Estimation and Model-Based Clustering – 368 Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Framework – 58 Development of Mathematical Models of Immune Networks Intended for Information Security Assurance – 326 Efficient and Robust Numerical Modeling of Variably Saturated Flow in Layered Porous Media – 169 Generalized Physical Networks for Automated Model Building – 388 Integration of an Economy Under Imperfect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Ecological Model – 283

MASS FLOW RATE Continued Investigation of Leakage and Power Loss Test Results for Competing Turbine Engine Seals – 162

Model Averaging and Dimension Selection for the Singular Value Decomposition – 395

Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion – 61

Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133

MASS SPECTROSCOPY Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry – 236 MASS TRANSFER Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112

NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 Numerical Simulations of the Fish Passage Facilities at Lower Granite Dam – 386 O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction Probabilities in DSMC – 357

MASSIVE STARS Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular Clouds – 448

On a Powder lem – 69

MASSIVELY PARALLEL PROCESSORS PRA: Massively Parallel Heuristic Search – 382

Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit Synthesis and Testing – 138

MATERIALS HANDLING Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Through Nonaxisymmetric Hoppers – 144

Consolidation

Prob-

Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Averaging – 198

Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 Remarks on Uncertainty Assessment and Management in Modeling and Computation – 348

Type B Package Radioactive Material Content Compliance – 76

Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385

MATHEMATICAL MODELS A Combined Foam-Spray Model for Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 172

Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Vehicle Structure Concepts for Mass Optimization – 168

A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlinear Parabolic PDE – 391

Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Effects of a Towline Using the Method of Characteristics – 16

Steering Policies for Markov Decision Processes Under a Recurrence Condition – 367

A Finite Difference Approximation for a Coupled System of Nonlinear SizeStructured Populations – 353

MARS ATMOSPHERE Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Venus and Earth – 452

A Generic Multibody Parachute Simulation Model – 13 A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostrictive Sensors – 156

Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Airfoil – 15 MATRICES (MATHEMATICS) Successive Column Correction Algorithms for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 348

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MATRIX THEORY Guardian Maps and the Generalized Stability of Parametrized Families of Matrices and Polynomials – 392 MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATES Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios – 86 MEAN SQUARE VALUES Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 363 MEASUREMENT Combining Variable Selection with Dimensionality Reduction – 372 Experimentation to Address Appropriate Test Techniques for Measuring the Attenuation Provided by Double ANR Hearing Protectors – 410 Extension of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433 Investigation of Frequency-Domain and Time-Domain Free-Space Material Measurements – 400

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transparent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95 Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159

Associations Between Responses to the Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity to Malaria Infection – 202 Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254

Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Vehicle Structure Concepts for Mass Optimization – 168

Theoretical Investigation of the Feasibility of PTD-Mediated Translocation of Proteins Across Artificial Membranes – 240

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Cells, Tissues, and Medical Devices – 254

MENTAL HEALTH Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233

MEDICAL PERSONNEL Medical Personnel Motivation in One International Mission – 275

Building Psychological Resiliency and Mitigating the Risks of Combat and Deployment Stressors Faced by Soldiers – 278

MEDICAL SCIENCE Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments – 266 Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Survey 1990-2005 – 248

Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Land Combat Study – 277

Supporting Connectivity for Biomedical Research – 226

Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach – 261

The Human Volunteer in Military Biomedical Research (Military Medical Ethics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) – 241

U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness – 273

U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness – 273

MENTAL PERFORMANCE A Human Factors Review of the Operational Error Literature – 6

Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292

MEDICAL SERVICES Call-Center Based Disease Management of Pediatric Asthmatics – 235

Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments – 266

Probe-Corrected Near-Field Measurements on a Truncated Cylinder – 390

Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle Measurement for Inclining Experiments – 307

International Meeting on Medical Simulation (6th), ‘The World of Simulation’ Held in San Diego, California on January 1417, 2006 – 241

Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep Deprivation – 257

Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Tests – 236 Measurement of the Propagation Constant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Array (Preprint) – 137 NASA’s Global Precipitation Mission Ground Validation Segment – 199

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Measuring Systems for Increased Accuracy and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Repair – 311 Very Dense Magnetic Sensor Arrays for Precision Measurement and Detection – 150 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measurement of Shipboard Piping Using a Portable Coordinate Measuring Machine (PCMM) – 163 MECHANICAL DEVICES Self-Calibrating Pressure ducer – 160

Trans-

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Self-Calibrating Pressure ducer – 160

Trans-

A-62

Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program – 240 Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 – 253 Report of Visit to the Public Health College and Training Center at Gondar, February 22-25, 1961 – 219 MELTING Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceouschondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Melt Asteroids – 193

Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors – 216 (Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant Combination for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in a Context of Continuous Operations) – 269 Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment – 272 U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness – 273 MERCURY (METAL) Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida – 74

MELTS (CRYSTAL GROWTH) Postshock Annealing and Postannealing Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chondrites: Implications for the Thermal and Shock Histories of Chondritic Asteroids – 456

MERCURY VAPOR Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxidation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. Annual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005 – 188

MEMBRANES Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Functions of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen – 206

MESAS Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 170

MESOMETEOROLOGY The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Verification – 358 MESONS Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g K+K+K- – 420 Hadronic B Decays at BABAR – 401 Inclusive Measurements of Vub from BaBar – 421 Measurement of CP-Violating Parameters in Fully Reconstructed B to D(*)+pi-+ and B to D+-rho-+ Decays – 398 Measurements of the Angle pha(Phi(2)) at BaBar – 400

Al-

Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o) Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422 Quarkonium bar – 421

Spectroscopy

at

Ba-

Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime to eta prime K* – 397 Search for the Decay of Neutral B Mesons to a Neutral K Star Meson and a Neutral K Meson Using the BaBar Detector – 401 Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar c) Production Near Square root of s+ 10.6 GeV – 422 MESOSCALE PHENOMENA The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Verification – 358 MESSAGES Comment ameliorer la selection et le traitement des messages verbaux? (How to Improve the Selection and Processing of Verbal Messages) – 121 METABOLIC DISEASES Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast Cancer Among Women by Ethnicity – 210 Second Annual Clinical Diabetes Technology Meeting – 204 METABOLISM Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabolism and Progression From High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN) to Prostate Cancer – 216 Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice – 203 Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Wearing New Biological and Chemical Protective Combat Uniforms in MOPP 1 – 275 Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preoperatively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Cancer – 236

METAL CLUSTERS Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Structure and Bonding – 75

Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Breccia – 456

METAL COATINGS Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI6AL-4V Under Fretting – 100

Postshock Annealing and Postannealing Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chondrites: Implications for the Thermal and Shock Histories of Chondritic Asteroids – 456

METAL JOINTS The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Evaluation and Improvements – 101 METAL PLATES Balanced Orifice Plate – 104 METAL POWDER Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105 METALLIC GLASSES Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105 METALS Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Modelling of Textured Metals and Validation Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Test – 99 METAMORPHISM (GEOLOGY) Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Chondrites – 190 Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Breccia – 456 Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Composition, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule Size – 190 Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189 METASTASIS High Throughput Screen to Identify Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer Metastasis – 237 Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer – 210 Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for Advanced Prostate Cancer – 246 Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Breast Cancer – 205 Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242 METEORITE PARENT BODIES Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Events on the LL Parent Body – 455 Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457

Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt Breccia that Experienced Post-shock Annealing – 457 METEORITES Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457 Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and PostAnnealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 METEORITIC COMPOSITION A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Olivine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Semarkona that Experienced Limited Remelting – 189 Aluminian Low-Ca Pyroxene in a Ca-Alrich Chondrule from the Semarkona Meteorite – 456 Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Events on the LL Parent Body – 455 Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith Formation from H3 Chondrite Material by Possible Cometary Impact – 454 Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift in the O Isotopic Composition of the Solar Nebula – 455 Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457 Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceouschondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Melt Asteroids – 192 Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452 Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Breccia – 456 Postshock Annealing and Postannealing Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chondrites: Implications for the Thermal and Shock Histories of Chondritic Asteroids – 456 Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Composition, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule Size – 190 Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt Breccia that Experienced Post-shock Annealing – 457 Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Type II Chondrules and Limited Overgrowths on Phenocrysts Following the Final Melting Event – 191

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METEORITIC MICROSTRUCTURES Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457 METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS Advanced Propagation Model (APM) Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern California Desert – 196 Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Meteorological Parameters STS-1 Through STS-107 – 193

MICROCOMPUTERS Optimization on Microcomputers: The Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm – 347 MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with Integrated TEM Transmission Lines – 129 MICROGRAVITY A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Development Under Microgravity – 85

MICROSCOPES Fabrication and Characterization of Electric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133 MICROSCOPY Fabrication and Characterization of Electric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Controls – 339

METEOROLOGICAL RADAR Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 197

Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity – 141

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Weather-Related Accidents – 24

NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 258

MICROSTRUCTURE Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Functions of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen – 206

METEOROLOGY New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Weather-Related Accidents – 24

Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141

Deformation Microstructure in BetaTitanium After Deformation at Low Temperatures – 102

METHOD OF CHARACTERISTICS Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Effects of a Towline Using the Method of Characteristics – 16

MICROMACHINING A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with Integrated TEM Transmission Lines – 129

Growth and Characterization of Large Diameter CdNzTe Crystals – 138

METHODOLOGY Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI(SM)) A, Version 1.2: Method Definition Document – 316

MICROORGANISMS A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241

METHYL ALCOHOL Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Infrared Spectrum of Liquid MethanolWater Mixtures – 82

Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218

METHYLATION Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Target for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212

Fossil Microorganisms chaean – 168

METROLOGY Accurate Formation Flying Design and Validation for the Darwin Precursor Demonstration Mission – 50 An Overview of CNES Strategy and Activities on Formation Flying – 57 High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 50

Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107

Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 88 in

Ar-

Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis With Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report – 226

X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstructure (PREPRINT) – 103 MICROWAVE CIRCUITS High Accuracy Multidimensional Parameterized Surrogate Models for Fast Optimization of Microwave Circuits in the Industry Standard Circuit Simulators – 108 MICROWAVE FILTERS A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with Integrated TEM Transmission Lines – 129 MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS A Combined Foam-Spray Model for Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 172

Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm in Young Permanent Teeth – 244

MICROWAVE TUBES Total Ownership Cost Reduction Case Study: AEGIS Microwave Power Tubes – 134

Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 402

MICROWAVES Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 MILITARY AIR FACILITIES Simulation of Selected Ground-Water Pumping Scenarios at Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia – 143

MICE NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transplacental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in Utero Studies) – 65

MICROPHONES A Microphone-Array-Based System for Restoring Sound Localization with Occluded Ears – 137 An Algorithm for the Accurate Localization of Sounds – 137

MILITARY AIRCRAFT Aging Naval Aircraft Study – 9

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice – 203

Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and Contact Microphones – 121

MILITARY AVIATION Aging Naval Aircraft Study – 9

MICROBALANCES An Analysis of Weight Change in Filters – 166

MICROPROCESSORS Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292

MICROBIOLOGY Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96

MICROSATELLITES A Proposal to Develop and Test a FibreOptic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion System for Microsatellites – 415

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MILITARY OPERATIONS A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240 Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Military Domains – 436

Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments – 266 Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Signals to a Covert Tactile Communication System in a Dynamic Environment – 118 Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effective or is Refractive Surgery a Better Option? – 261 Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Test – 149 Exploration of the Area of Multinational Operations and Inter-Cultural Factors: An Update of HFM-120/RTG Activities – 262 Medical Personnel Motivation in One International Mission – 274 Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program – 240 Overview of Sortie-Numbers in Various Operations (Overzicht Sortie-Aantallen in Diverse Operaties) – 6 Stress and port – 277

Psychological

Sup-

Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution Planning and Control – 121 Tactical Aircraft Modernization: Issues for Congress – 23 The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274 MILITARY PERSONNEL A Preliminary Study of Heat Strain Using Modelling and Simulation – 257

Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Use among Elite U.S. Army Soldiers – 438 Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness – 271

MINIMA Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration – 354

Prevention of plaints – 277 Stress and port – 277

Low

Back

Com-

MINIMAX TECHNIQUE On Minimax Robust Data Fusion – 367

Psychological

Sup-

MINING Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Final Report – 87

Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring System (TAO ITS) – 308 The Risk Assessment of Occupational and Environmental Hazards – 272 Trauma Symptomatology Among Female U.S. Navy Recruits – 237 Treatment of PTSD-Related Anger in Troops Returning From Hazardous Deployments – 229 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY 3-D Audio: Military Applications and Symbology – 410 CBO Testimony: Aging Military Equipment – 399 Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited – 441 Defense Technologies: DOD’s Critical Technologies Lists Rarely Inform Export Control and other Policy Decisions – 431 Innovative Concepts for SSA Applications – 33 The Human Volunteer in Military Biomedical Research (Military Medical Ethics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) – 241

Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Signals to a Covert Tactile Communication System in a Dynamic Environment – 118

Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey Project - Canada – 337

Course Curriculum Development for the Future Cyberwarrior – 431 Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduction Systems for Family Maltreatment, Suicidality, and Substance Problems in the USAF – 257 Monitoring Employment Conditions of Military Spouses – 368 Motivational Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use in a Military Population – 244 Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Military Personnel – 187

Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189

Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 – 253

A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270

Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effective or is Refractive Surgery a Better Option? – 261

Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 450

MILLIMETER WAVES A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with Integrated TEM Transmission Lines – 129 Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere with Millimeter-Wave Radar – 152 Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129 MINERAL DEPOSITS Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitability of Ancient Mars – 458 MINERALOGY A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites – 189 Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Chondrites – 190

MIRRORS PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope Concept and its Applications at Different Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000 Km) – 443 MISSILE DEFENSE Military Space Programs: Issues Concerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Programs – 42 MISSILE RANGES White Sands Missile Range Urban Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single Building Part 1: Background and Overview – 143 MISSILE SYSTEMS Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation for Distributed Sensor Networks and Missile Seeker Systems – 293 MISSILE TRACKING Military Space Programs: Issues Concerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Programs – 42 MISSILES Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited – 441 Nonelectronic Countermeasures for Infrared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of Heat Decoys as Countermeasures – 461 MISSION PLANNING AFIT UAV Swarm Mission Planning and Simulation System – 18 Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion to Robotic and Human Missions in NearEarth Space – 329 Design of the GNC System for a New Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope – 414 Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission – 52 Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis – 374

A-65

Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375

Computing Trust from Revision History – 435

Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receivers – 57

Development of Mathematical Models of Immune Networks Intended for Information Security Assurance – 326

The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56

Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust Model-Based Segmentation of Microarray Images – 369

MISSISSIPPI RIVER (US) Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program: Predicted versus Observed Catch – 114 Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake – 85 MITOCHONDRIA Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders With Mitochondrial Dysfunction – 228 Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preoperatively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Cancer – 236 MIXTURES Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Blends of Inert and Catalytic Agents – 91 MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Performance, Capacity and Limitations of AMSS Communications – 116 MOBILITY Methodological Issues when Assessing Dismounted Soldier Mobility Performance – 265 Vision of the phony – 119 Weapons Strengthen nical Data Systems –

4G

Mobile

Tele-

Acquisition: DOD Should Policies for Assessing TechNeeds to Support Weapon 17

MODELS A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Prediction – 365

Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft Sediments: Experimental Evidence and Predictions – 365 Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133 Model Problems in Technologies for Interoperability: Web Services – 316 Parameter Estimation Techniques for a Polarization Hysteresis Model – 398 Test of Models RAA and RAB Receiving Equipments – 123 Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor Ground Validation for TRMM and GPM – 200 MODES Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode – 156 MODULARITY Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems – 25 MODULATION Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in Recombination – 242 MOLECULAR CLOUDS Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular Clouds – 448 MOLECULAR DYNAMICS Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Infrared Spectrum of Liquid MethanolWater Mixtures – 82 Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystallization – 96 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Free Codes – 217 Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems from Molecular Structure by SPARC – 282 Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study – 83 Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model Compounds in Structure Control – 84 MOLECULES Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) with Small Molecules – 92 Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Prostate Cancer – 213

Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation in Prostate Cancer – 251

MOMENTS OF INERTIA The Determination of Remaining Satellite Propellant Using Measured Moments of Inertia – 366

MODULATORS Advanced Optical Modulators for Nextgeneration Photonic Networks – 126

MONKEYS Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228

A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in Information Extraction – 381

EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmission – 126

MONOPROPELLANTS Micro-Chemical Thruster – 30

Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Propagation in Aircraft Noise Prediction – 409

Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136

MONTE CARLO METHOD A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Prediction – 365

Automated Discovery of Mimicry Attacks – 380

MODULES Trainable Videorealistic Speech Animation – 154

Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Throughput and Traffic Delays Using Self Separation Procedures – 4

Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Impact Models – 412 Client/Server Model for Distributed Computing: An Implementation – 328 Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave Information Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast with 3-G Hindcasting – 113 Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint) – 42 Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Near-Field Plasma Properties of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 311

A-66

MOISTURE Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a Passive Heat and Moisture Exchanger – 258 MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY Growth and Characterization of Large Diameter CdNzTe Crystals – 138 Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Region – 130 Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflectance – 135

Monopropellant

MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning for Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer – 207 Multiple-Event Markov-Chain nique – 290

Location Using the Monte Carlo Tech-

O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction Probabilities in DSMC – 357 MOON Challenges Flight – 445

of

Human

Space

Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 450

MOORING KEO Mooring sis – 193

Engineering

Analy-

MORPHOLOGY Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation – 147 Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Cancer – 227 Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183 Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model Compounds in Structure Control – 84 Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124 MORTALITY Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and Mortality in Black and White Men in the Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties – 208 MOTION STABILITY Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies – 48 MOTION An Integrated Approach to Motion and Sound – 302 An Integrated Virtual Environment System – 302 Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Optimal Movement – 359 High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – 394 Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architectures and Motion Control – 300 Motion Control and Planning for Nonholonomic Kinematic Chains – 342

MUD Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation – 147 MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION Multidisciplinary Environments: A History of Engineering Framework Development – 317 MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413 MULTIMEDIA Human Perception and Objective Delay Evaluation of Multimedia Services – 429 Vision of the phony – 119

4G

Mobile

Tele-

MULTIMISSION MODULAR SPACECRAFT Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Formation Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Cross-Coupling – 50 MULTIPATH TRANSMISSION Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 MULTIPLE ACCESS Analysis and Coding for Multiple-Access Channels – 121 Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Code-Division Multiple-Access for HighCapacity Optical Networks – 122 Discrimination Against Partially Overlapping Interference -Its Effect on Throughput in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Access Channels – 341 Multiple-Access Capability of FrequencyHopped Spread-Spectrum Revisited: An Exact Analysis of the Effect of Unequal Power Levels – 404 MULTIPLEXING 100kW Energy Transfer Multiplexer Power Converter Prototype Development Project – 141

MOTIVATION Medical Personnel Motivation in One International Mission – 275

A Study for Technology of Controlling Next-Generation Backbone Network – 125

Motivational Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use in a Military Population – 244

Advanced Optical Modulators for Nextgeneration Photonic Networks – 126

MOUNTAINS Testing to Evaluate the Suitability of Waste Forms Developed for Electrometallurgically Treated Spent SodiumBounded Nuclear Fuel for Disposal in the Yucca Mountain Repository – 109

Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multiplexing for High-Capacity Optical Networks – 335

Turbulence and mountain wave conditions observed with an airborne 2-micron lidar – 24 MOVING TARGET INDICATORS Video Moving Target Indication in the Analysts’ Detection Support System – 153

Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Code-Division Multiple-Access for HighCapacity Optical Networks – 122

MULTISENSOR APPLICATIONS Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Detection System Developed by Geophysical Solutions – 153 Multi-Sensor Correlation and Quantization in Distributed Detection Systems – 154 Optimal Quantization and Fusion in Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection of Weak Signals in Dependent Noise – 334 Quantization and Fusion for Multi-Sensor Discrimination from Dependent Observations – 383 Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor Ground Validation for TRMM and GPM – 200 MULTISENSOR FUSION Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic Tracking Capability – 387 Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed – 444 On Minimax Robust Data Fusion – 367 Optimal Quantization and Fusion in Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection of Weak Signals in Dependent Noise – 334 Quantization and Fusion for Multi-Sensor Discrimination from Dependent Observations – 383 The Dynamics of Information Fusion: Synthetic Versus Misassociation – 440 MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Bayesian Model Averaging: Development of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene Selection and Classification Tool for Microarray Data – 244 Bayesian Regularization for Normal Mixture Estimation and Model-Based Clustering – 368 Model Averaging and Dimension Selection for the Singular Value Decomposition – 395 MUSCLES Prevention of plaints – 277

Low

Back

Com-

MUSCULAR FUNCTION Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 263 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Skeletons in the Parser: Using a Shallow Parser to Improve Deep Parsing – 336

Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of Optical Signals – 122

MUTATIONS Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 248

EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmission – 126

Identification of Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast Cancer – 213

A-67

The Role of the NeurofibrominSyndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234

NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study – 459

NANOCOMPOSITES Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Research and Development (R&R) Support: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Earth Magnets – 102

NASA Scientific and Technical Information Standards – 433

NANOPARTICLES Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Liquid Crystals – 94 Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242

Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receivers – 57 NAVIGATION A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128

NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis – 374

Bio-Inspired, tion – 330

NASA Technologies for Product Identification – 44

Design and Implementation of Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Separated Space Interferometry – 442

Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375 The DARPA/USAF Falcon Small Launch Vehicles – 36

Program

Odor-Based

Naviga-

Houston-Galveston Navigation Channels, Texas Project: Navigation Channel Sedimentation Study, Phase 1 – 353 Optimal Geometric Deployment of a Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation System to Track a Landing Aircraft – 12

NANOSATELLITES Demonstration and Analysis of Reusable Launch Vehicle Operations – 40

NASA SPACE PROGRAMS Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Vehicles – 47

RLV Flight Operations Demonstration with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle (PREPRINT) – 63

NASA Crew Launch Vehicle Overview – 39

Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of Coastal Inlet Navigation Channels – 172

SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Program – 148

Semimajor gies – 53

Space Shuttle Overview – 45

Tactile Land Navigation in Night Operations – 260

NANOSTRUCTURES (DEVICES) Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabilities Within the Positive-DifferentialResistance Regions of Tunneling Devices – 132 Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simulation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tunneling Devices – 132 Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Research and Development (R&R) Support: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Earth Magnets – 102 NANOTECHNOLOGY Fabrication and Characterization of Electric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137 Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133 NANOWIRES Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137 Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts – 259 NARROWBAND Objective Measurement of the Speech Transmission Quality of Vocoders by Means of the Speech Transmission Index – 331 Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet FabryPerot Interferometers – 459

SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48 NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 National Airspace System Modernization: Observations on Potential Funding Options for FAA and the Next Generation Airspace System – 11 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING Sentence Level Information Patterns for Novelty Detection – 438 Story Link Detection and New Event Detection are Asymmetric – 330 NATURAL SATELLITES Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Control for Satellite Formations – 443 Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Formation Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Cross-Coupling – 50 NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Augmented Rocket Nozzle – 145 NAVIGATION AIDS Tactile Land Navigation in Night Operations – 260 NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Interferometry – 51

and

NAVIGATION SATELLITES Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Extensions with GPS-TEC Observations – 460

Making Robot Planes Useful for Scientific Investigation of Earth – 13

National Security Space Policy in the U.S. and Europe. Trends and Choices – 34

NASA PROGRAMS Decision Support Tools – 388

A-68

Methods

Axis

Estimation

Strate-

Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124 Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Formation Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Cross-Coupling – 50 NAVY Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413 Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA18G Growler Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress – 19 Navy High-Pressure Waterjet ClosedLoop Paint Stripping System (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 73 Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program – 240 Trauma Symptomatology Among Female U.S. Navy Recruits – 237 NEAR FIELDS Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Near-Field Plasma Properties of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 312 Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 404 Probe-Corrected Near-Field Measurements on a Truncated Cylinder – 390 NEOPLASMS B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Radiology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual Search Efficiency – 213 Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Prostate Cancer Radioresistance – 215

The Role of the NeurofibrominSyndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234 NEPHELINE Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental Results – 105 NERVES Control of Growth Within Drosophila Peripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Kinase A – 205

Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31

A Memoryless Augmented GaussNewton Method for Nonlinear LeastSquares Problems – 360

Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Capacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298

On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 351

Identification of Connectivity in Neural Networks – 340 Identification of Infinite Dimensional Systems via Adaptive Wavelet Neural Networks – 338 Neural Networks for Low Level Processing of Tactile Sensory Data – 294

NERVOUS SYSTEM Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233

Neural Networks for Sequential Discrimination of Radar Targets – 337

Control of Growth Within Drosophila Peripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Kinase A – 204

Optimization of Training Sets For NeuralNet Processing of Characteristic Patterns From Vibrating Solids – 340

Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders With Mitochondrial Dysfunction – 228

NEUROLOGY Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233

NETS Provably Good Parallel Algorithms for Channel Routing of Multi-Terminal Nets – 327 NETWORK ANALYSIS Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Very Large Time-Constant Circuits – 406 Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor NonFiltering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifiers – 405 Provably Good Parallel Algorithms for Channel Routing of Multi-Terminal Nets – 326 NETWORKS Architectural Support for Extensibility and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed Object Systems – 293 Characterizing the Impact of Precision Time and Range Measurements from Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Network Differential GPS Position Solutions – 124 Denial of Service works – 322

in

Sensor

Net-

Evaluation of the Effects of Predicted Associativity On the Reliability and Performance Of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks – 120 Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bundling and Filtration in Large-Scale Distributed Simulations – 136 Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385 Wireless Sensor Network Applications for the Combat Air Forces – 8 NEURAL NETS Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Radar Signals in the Presence of Noise – 153

Neural Networks for Tactile Perception – 294

NEURONS General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252 NEUROPHYSIOLOGY Attentional Selection for Object Recognition - A Gentle Way – 341 Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 222 General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252 NEUTRAL ATOMS Quantum Logic With Cold Neutral Atoms – 413 NEUTRINOS Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos via Coherent Radio Emission – 420 Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment – 449 SalSA: A Teraton UHE Neutrino Detector – 447 NEUTRONS System of Nanosecond 280-kevVHe(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418 NEW HAMPSHIRE Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Belknap County, New Hampshire – 171 Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Coos County, New Hampshire – 197 NEWTON METHODS A Convergence Theory for a Class of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 388

On the Formulation and Theory of the Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlinear Programming – 300 Toward Direct Sparse Cholesky Factors – 350

Updates

of

NICKEL ALLOYS Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chloride Solutions Containing Organic Acids – 81 Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80 NICKEL Friction Stir Processing and Fusion Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Bronze – 96 NIGHT VISION Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Test – 150 NIGHT Tactile Land Navigation in Night Operations – 260 NIOBIUM ALLOYS Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys – 64 NIOBIUM Superconducting Photocathodes – 396 NITRATES Fluidized Bed cess – 86

Biodenitrification

Pro-

Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80 NITRIC OXIDE Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419 NITRIDES Understanding the Potential and Limitations of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar Cells – 181 NITRILES Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assessment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160 NITROGEN Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake – 85 NOAA SATELLITES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Steps Remain in Incorporating Lessons Learned from Other Satellite Programs – 446

A-69

NODULES B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Radiology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual Search Efficiency – 213 NOISE GENERATORS Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1 NOISE INTENSITY Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Propagation in Aircraft Noise Prediction – 409 Development of a Silent Tow System – 408

NONEQUILIBRIUM PLASMAS Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilibrium Air Plasma – 415 NONINTRUSIVE MEASUREMENT Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seeding – 86 NONLINEAR EQUATIONS A New Nonlinear Equations Test Problem – 351 Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Nonlinear Elastomers – 106 Representations of Quasi-Newton Matrices and Their Use in Limited Memory Methods – 391

NOISE POLLUTION Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19

TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems Using Tensor Methods – 356

NOISE PREDICTION Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Propagation in Aircraft Noise Prediction – 409

The Combined Schubert/Secant FiniteDifference Algorithm for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347

NOISE REDUCTION Development of a Silent Tow System – 409 Discrete Representation of Signals from Infinite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces with Application to Noise Suppression and Compression – 342 Experimentation to Address Appropriate Test Techniques for Measuring the Attenuation Provided by Double ANR Hearing Protectors – 410 Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19 Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication – 410 Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Personnel – 20 Investigating Double Hearing Protection using Human Subjects – 411 Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics – 2

Toward Direct Sparse Cholesky Factors – 350

Updates

of

NONLINEAR FEEDBACK Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and Compensators: A State-Dependent Riccati Equation Approach – 355 NONLINEAR FILTERS Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 363 Gaussian Filters for Nonlinear Filtering Problems – 348 New Results in Discrete-Time Nonlinear Filtering – 343 NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 351 On the Formulation and Theory of the Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlinear Programming – 300 The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the Hessian in Constrained Optimization – 351

NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTS High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-onFoam Insulation (SOFI) – 45

NONLINEAR SYSTEMS A Finite Difference Approximation for a Coupled System of Nonlinear SizeStructured Populations – 353

Identification of Materiel Damage in Two Dimensional Domains Using Squid Based NDE System – 364

A Memoryless Augmented GaussNewton Method for Nonlinear LeastSquares Problems – 360

Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insulation for the External Tank Return to Flight – 446

Application of Center Manifold Reduction to System Stabilization – 392

Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced CarbonCarbon Bend Test and Analysis for Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Impact Damage Thresholds – 78 NONEQUILIBRIUM FLOW Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilibrium Air Plasma – 415

A-70

Approximation Methods for Inverse Problems Governed by Nonlinear Parabolic Systems – 347 Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for Detecting Incipient Instability – 129 Developing and Understanding Methods for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimization – 381

Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases – 369 Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359 Gyroscopic tion – 445

Control

and

Stabiliza-

High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – 394 Linear Feedback Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems with an Uncontrollable Critical Mode – 393 Noisy Precursors for Nonlinear System Instability With Application to Axial Flow Compressors – 343 Optimal Control and Poisson Reduction – 360 Robust Control of Bifurcating Nonlinear Systems With Applications – 342 Successive Column Correction Algorithms for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 348 The Combined Schubert/Secant FiniteDifference Algorithm for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347 NONLINEARITY A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlinear Parabolic PDE – 391 A Finite Difference Approximation for a Coupled System of Nonlinear SizeStructured Populations – 353 A Memoryless Augmented GaussNewton Method for Nonlinear LeastSquares Problems – 360 An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Deformations for a Homogeneous Beam at Varying Tip Loads and Pitch Angles – 14 Convergence Analysis of a Class of Networks of Nonlinear Coupled Oscillators – 128 Developing and Understanding Methods for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimization – 381 Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359 Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107 Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Nonlinear Elastomers – 106 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 146 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 148 Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-ofAttack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation Control – 31 Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation for Small Satellites – 3 Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Signal Processing – 125

TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems Using Tensor Methods – 356 Two Methods for Calibration Without A Through Connection On A ThreeSampler Vector Analyzer – 283

On the Convergence of the MizunoTodd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center of the Solution Set – 349

OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111

Pattern Search Methods in the Presence of Degeneracy – 362

Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Ethical Implications and Human Risk Assessment – 201

NUMERICAL CONTROL Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensitive Information through Bottleneck Monitoring – 439 Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI on PKI – 327

OCEAN BOTTOM The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Composition Sensitivity to Variations in Source and Process – 173

NUMERICAL INTEGRATION Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body Systems – 364

NORMALITY Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Mapping Estimator for Frequency Estimation – 350

OCEAN SURFACE A Combined Foam-Spray Model for Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 172

Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft Formations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular Libration Points – 444

Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Transformation – 377

On Stabilization with a Prescribed Region of Asymptotic Stability – 392

NUTRITION Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 87

Well-Posedness and Convergence of Some Regularization Methods for Nonlinear Ill-Posed Problems – 393 NONUNIFORMITY Electromechanical Television Systems with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and Synthesis – 131

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO) NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Optics of Biological Particles. Held in Novosibirsk, Russia on 3-6 Oct 2005 – 416 NORTH CAROLINA Evaluation of Potential JHSV Port and Alternative Offload Sites in Coastal North Carolina – 439

Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Last 45 Years – 255 Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years – 221 Nutrition Issues for Space Exploration – 221 Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Use among Elite U.S. Army Soldiers – 438

NUCLEAR FISSION Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 175

Report of Visit to the Public Health College and Training Center at Gondar, February 22-25, 1961 – 219

NUCLEAR FUELS Testing to Evaluate the Suitability of Waste Forms Developed for Electrometallurgically Treated Spent SodiumBounded Nuclear Fuel for Disposal in the Yucca Mountain Repository – 109

Report of Visits to Singapore and Djakarta – 220

NUCLEAR WEAPONS Nuclear Command and Control: Current Programs and Issues – 118 NULL ZONES Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner and Baseline Rotation – 416 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Bays – 13 Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Relative Motion – 54

O RING SEALS Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assessment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160 OBESITY Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of Overweight and Obesity in African Americans and Caucasians – 231 OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING Active Relations for Specifying and Implementing Software Object Management – 326 Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern Realizations – 303 Object-Oriented Design and Implementation of Computer Chess – 303

Asymptotics of Gaussian Regularized Least-Squares – 395

OBSERVATORIES Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416

Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Premixed Flames – 353

Examination of the Armagh Observatory Annual Mean Temperature Record, 1844-2004 – 199

Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Nonlinear Elastomers – 106

OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE A Hybrid Control Strategy for Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance With NonHolonomic Robots – 389

Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Augmented Rocket Nozzle – 145

OCEANOGRAPHY KEO Mooring sis – 193

Engineering

Analy-

Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal Occurrence, Habitat Associations and Interactions with Ocean Dynamic Features – 411 OCEANS A Combined Foam-Spray Model for Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 172 Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60 Sound Transmission to Long Ranges in the Ocean – 408 Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal Occurrence, Habitat Associations and Interactions with Ocean Dynamic Features – 411 The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Composition Sensitivity to Variations in Source and Process – 173 Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 OCTAVES OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Worksheets for Systems – 320 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduction to OCTAVE-S – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example Scenario – 318 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Preparation Guidance – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method Guidelines – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organizational Worksheets – 320 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical Asset Worksheets for Information – 320

A-71

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Asset Worksheets for Applications – 319 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical Asset Worksheets for People – 319 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy and Plan Worksheets – 319 ODORS Bio-Inspired, tion – 330

Odor-Based

Naviga-

OILS Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Final Report – 87

Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 362 Highly Efficient Optical Communication Technologies – 126

OPTICS Studies on Architecture and Control Technology for Optical Packet Switches – 127

OPTICAL CONTROL Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflectance – 136

OPTIMAL CONTROL LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Small Flexible Spacecraft Using FreeFree Boundary Conditions – 38

OPTICAL DATA PROCESSING Highly Efficient Optical Communication Technologies – 126

Optimal Control and Poisson Reduction – 360

OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291

China’s Oil Rush in Africa – 107 Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A Randomized Controlled Trial – 249

Research and Development of 160 Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Prototype and Related Technologies – 116

OLIGOMERS Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Free Codes – 217

Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2 – 116

ONCOGENES Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Selected Application of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients – 243

OPTICAL DATA STORAGE MATERIALS Fast Erase Method and Apparatus For Digital Media – 429

ON-LINE SYSTEMS Vision of the phony – 120

OPTICAL EQUIPMENT Advanced Optical Modulators for Nextgeneration Photonic Networks – 126

Mobile

Tele-

OPACITY X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity – 450 OPERATIONS RESEARCH Decision Analysis to Support ConditionBased Maintenance Plus – 19 OPERATOR PERFORMANCE A Human Factors Review of the Operational Error Literature – 6 OPHTHALMOLOGY Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effective or is Refractive Surgery a Better Option? – 262 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION Advanced Optical Modulators for Nextgeneration Photonic Networks – 126 Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multiplexing for High-Capacity Optical Networks – 335 Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of Optical Signals – 122 Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications – 117

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Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2 – 116

Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Signal Processing – 125

4G

OPTICAL SWITCHING Wavelength Routing/Optical Switching/Optical Access work – 281

OPTICAL DISKS Fast Erase Method and Apparatus For Digital Media – 429

Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416 OPTICAL FIBERS Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Mitigation – 127 Research and Development of HighCapacity Optical Link Technologies – 291 OPTICAL MEASUREMENT Maneuver Estimation Model for Geostationary Orbit Determination – 39 OPTICAL PATHS A Study for Technology of Controlling Next-Generation Backbone Network – 125 Experiments of a Terabit-Class SuperNetwork – 117 OPTICAL PROPERTIES Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Blown In Vacuo – 160

Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actuators – 106 Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions With Application to Flexible Manufacturing Systems – 382 OPTIMIZATION A Comparative Study for Orthogonal Subspace Projection and Constrained Energy Minimization – 169 A Global Convergence Theory for General Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for Equality Constrained Optimization – 347 A New Large-Scale Global Optimization Method and Its Application to LennardJones Problems – 356 Developing and Understanding Methods for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimization – 381 Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program: Predicted versus Observed Catch – 114 Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Optimal Movement – 359 High Accuracy Multidimensional Parameterized Surrogate Models for Fast Optimization of Microwave Circuits in the Industry Standard Circuit Simulators – 108 On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 351 Optimal Control and Poisson Reduction – 360 Optimization of Training Sets For NeuralNet Processing of Characteristic Patterns From Vibrating Solids – 340 Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness – 271 Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385

OPTICAL RADAR Expedient Gap Definition Using 3D LADAR – 155

Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Vehicle Structure Concepts for Mass Optimization – 168

Three-Dimensional Change Detection With the Use of an Evidence Grid – 154

Some Properties of Empirical Risk Minimization Over Donsker Classes – 371

OPTICAL SCANNERS Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents – 152

The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the Hessian in Constrained Optimization – 351

Toward Direct Sparse Cholesky Factors – 350

Updates

of

OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136 ORBIT DETERMINATION Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO – 57 Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation Flying Demonstration – 58

New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically Block Organophosphorylation – 218 ORGANISMS The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards – 72 ORGANIZATIONS Building SMART Leadership – 423

Maneuver Estimation Model for Geostationary Orbit Determination – 38

Computation of Delays in Acyclical Distributed Decisionmaking Organizations – 429

Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Control for Satellite Formations – 443

Creating Agile Business through ServiceOriented Architecture – 284

ORBITAL MANEUVERS FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59

Decision Analysis to Support ConditionBased Maintenance Plus – 18

ORBITAL MECHANICS Static Formation Control Using Interspacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48

Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human Behavior Influence Models – 432

Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensitive Information through Bottleneck Monitoring – 438

Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Approach to Managing Innovation in the Public Sector – 426

ORBITAL RENDEZVOUS FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59

ORIFICES Balanced Orifice Plate – 104

ORBITAL SERVICING Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Demonstrations – 46

OSCILLATIONS Design of Current Impulse Generator – 131

ORBITS Spacecraft Formation Flying near SunEarth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Generation and Adaptive Full-State Feedback Control – 52

Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations – 131

The Determination of Remaining Satellite Propellant Using Measured Moments of Inertia – 366

OSCILLATORS Convergence Analysis of a Class of Networks of Nonlinear Coupled Oscillators – 128

ORDNANCE Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Detection System Developed by Geophysical Solutions – 153 ORGANELLES Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites – 223 ORGANIC MATERIALS Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104 ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Escherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Production of Organophosphorus Hydrolase – 69 Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for the Anesthetics Halothane, Isoflurane, and Desflurane in the Pig (SUS SCROFA) – 217 Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Organophosphorus Compounds – 69

Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407

OVARIES A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 OXIDASE Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Cancer – 227 OXIDATION Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Fiber Orientation – 90 Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxidation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. Annual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005 – 187 New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sensitive Equipment Decontamination – 92 On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays – 83

Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Composition, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule Size – 190 OXIDES Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials – 179 Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Fiber Orientation – 90 Effects of Frequency and Environment on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg. C – 88 Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 OXIDIZERS Electrochemically Generated Oxidant Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 OXYGEN 17 Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift in the O Isotopic Composition of the Solar Nebula – 455 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of LowFeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 OXYGEN 18 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of LowFeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 OXYGEN CONSUMPTION Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Tests – 236 Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262 OXYGEN ISOTOPES Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 455 OXYGENATION Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preoperatively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Cancer – 236 OXYGEN Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Tests – 236 New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Recombination at Light-Induced BoronOxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174 Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With 40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256

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OXYNITRIDES High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) – 114 Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for PV Packaging – 184 PACKAGING General Purpose Fissile Package, A Replacement for the 6M Specification Package – 76 Post Fire Transient Temperature Distribution in Drum Type Packages – 77 Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for PV Packaging – 184 Type B Package Radioactive Material Content Compliance – 76 PACKET SWITCHING OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 Research and Development of 160 Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Prototype and Related Technologies – 116 Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2 – 116 PAINT REMOVAL Navy High-Pressure Waterjet ClosedLoop Paint Stripping System (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 73 PAINTS A Purchasing Agent’s Guide to Buying Paints and Coatings – 66 ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting, Bid Estimating Transfer Study – 75 Labor Standards Application Program, Phase 4 - FY-83, Blast and Paint Shops – 108 Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 PALEOCLIMATOLOGY Gulf Stream Temperature, Salinity and Transport During the Last Millennium – 173 PALEONTOLOGY Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 PALLADIUM Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys – 64 PANELS A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Comparison with Conventional Systems – 35 Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar Arrays – 41

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PARABOLIC REFLECTORS Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a StructurallyEfficient, High-Performance, LargeAperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation – 180 Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic Trough Development – 180 Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Project – 177 PARACHUTE DESCENT Exercise Following Simulated Parachuting from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Reduced and is the Probability of Post Descent Decompression Sickness Increased? – 275 PARACHUTES A Generic Multibody Parachute Simulation Model – 13

PARASITIC DISEASES Associations Between Responses to the Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity to Malaria Infection – 202 Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224 Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 PARSING ALGORITHMS Edge-Splitting in a Cumulative Multimodal System, for a No-Wait Temporal Threshold on Information Fusion, Combined with an Under-Specified Display – 336 Incremental Parsing with Reference Interaction – 341

Simulation of Weapons Release from Cargo Aircraft – 8

Skeletons in the Parser: Using a Shallow Parser to Improve Deep Parsing – 336

PARALLEL PROCESSING (COMPUTERS) Distributed Detection from Multiple Sensors with Correlated Observations – 334

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlinear Parabolic PDE – 391

International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA) – 284 Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137

Conceptual Processes for Linking Eutrophication and Network Models – 354 Sensitivity Analysis of DifferentialAlgebraic Equations and Partial Differential Equations – 281

MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of Efficient Native Supercomputing for Microsoft Windows Architecture – 288

PARTICLE ACCELERATORS Dalitz Plot Analysis of $B( up arrow)O(underbar)d to K+ pi(up arrow) pi(up arrow)O$ Decays – 418

Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering and Associated Random Variables – 362

HOM Effects in Vacuum System with Short Bunches – 396

PRA: Massively Search – 382

Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418

Parallel

Heuristic

The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing – 285 PARAMAGNETISM Design and Performance of GMR Sensors for the Detection of Magnetic Microbeads in Biosensors – 400 PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme for a Partially Observed Controlled Markov Chain – 357 Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration – 354 Parameter Estimation Techniques for a Polarization Hysteresis Model – 398 PARANASAL SINUSES Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 PARASITES Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224

System of Nanosecond 280-kevVHe(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418 PARTICLE COLLISIONS A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63 PARTICLE DECAY Charm Baryon Studies at BaBAR – 422 Dalitz Plot Analysis of $B( up arrow)O(underbar)d to K+ pi(up arrow) pi(up arrow)O$ Decays – 418 Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g K+K+K- – 420 Dalitz Plot Analysis of B+yields K+K+K- – 397

the

Decay

Exclusive Charmless Semileptonic Decays B yields X(sub u)lV from BABAR – 420 Hadronic B Decays at BABAR – 401 Inclusive Measurements of Vub from BaBar – 421 Measurement of the CKM-Angle gamma BABAR – 421

Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o) Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422

PATTERN RECOGNITION A New Biologically Motivated Framework for Robust Object Recognition – 334

Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi + pi - Gamma (2S) – 422

Attentional Selection for Object Recognition - A Gentle Way – 340

Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime to eta prime K* – 397

Experiments in Expression Recognition – 333

PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seeding – 86

Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents – 151

PARTICLE MASS Charm Baryon Studies at BaBAR – 422 Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar c) Production Near Square root of s+ 10.6 GeV – 422 PARTICLE PRODUCTION Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar c) Production Near Square root of s+ 10.6 GeV – 423 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Particle Study – 222 PARTICLES Refractive Index Determination of Biological Particles – 97 PASSENGERS Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues – 10 ‘Hoo-ah’ or Ouch: Methodologies for Assessing Military Vehicle Occupant Injuries – 204 PATHOGENS A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241 Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 88 Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm in Young Permanent Teeth – 244 PATIENTS Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Selected Application of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients – 243 Partnering for Patient Empowerment through Community Awareness. Facilitator’s Guide – 425 PATROLS Border Security: The Role of the U.S. Border Patrol – 150 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Patrol Boat – 101 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21

New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically Block Organophosphorylation – 218 PERCEPTION Human Perception and Objective Delay Evaluation of Multimedia Services – 429

Near Real-Time Event Detection & Prediction Using Intelligent Software Agents – 43

PERCHLORATES Feasibility Study for the Reduction of Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous Anions – 83

Object Recognition with Features Inspired by Visual Cortex – 332

Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separation Column – 83

On the Role of Object-Specific Features for Real World Object Recognition in Biological Vision – 338

Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction and Impact – 75

Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vision Systems – 337 Robust Learning and Segmentation for Scene Understanding – 339 Shape Representation in V4: Investigating Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Confirmation with the Standard Model of Object Recognition – 252 StreetScenes: Towards Scene Understanding in Still Images – 335 Ultra-FDst Object Recognition from Few Spikes – 252 PATTERN REGISTRATION Robust Point Matching for Non-Rigid Shapes: A Relaxation Labeling Based Approach – 390 PAYLOADS Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid Payload: The Candlestick Problem and Porous Media – 142 PEGASUS SATELLITES First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54 PELVIS Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245 PENDULUMS Close Formation Flight of MicroSatellites for SAR Interferometry – 49 PENETRATION Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Issues for Explosively Formed Penetrators – 2 PENTANES Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study – 83 PEPTIDES CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Activity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Generation of Molecular Probes Capable of Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu Peptide Complex – 247

PERFORMANCE PREDICTION An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans – 408 Application of Shift Work Scheduling Principles and Tools for Optimizing Console Based Operations – 263 Close Formation Flight of MicroSatellites for SAR Interferometry – 49 Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Performance: Predicting Shooting Performance with Advanced Distributed Learning Assessments – 301 Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion – 61 Methodological Issues when Assessing Dismounted Soldier Mobility Performance – 264 Support of Mission and Work Scheduling by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276 Tritium Reservoir Structural Performance Prediction – 77 PERFORMANCE TESTS An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans – 408 Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Literature Study – 410 High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 50 National Shipbuilding Research Program. Performance Testing of Marine Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Procedures – 68 Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility – 182 Performance Results of CMMI-Based Process Improvement – 316

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Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 108 Small PV Systems Performance Evaluation at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method – 175 Wavelength Routing/Optical Switching/Optical Access work – 281

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PERIODIC VARIATIONS Detecting Periodic Components in a White Gaussian Time Series – 192 PERIODICALS NOAO/NSO Newsletter: Issue 87 – 447 Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engineers? – 284 Shock and 5 – 428

Vibration

Bulletin.

No.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Control of Growth Within Drosophila Peripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Kinase A – 205

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 PERTURBATION THEORY Elliptically Polarized Modes in RF Cavities – 401 PERTURBATION Design and Implementation of Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Separated Space Interferometry – 443 FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59 Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft Formations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular Libration Points – 444 PERU Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218 PETROGRAPHY Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 455

PERMEABILITY Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys – 64

PETROLOGY A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Olivine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Semarkona that Experienced Limited Remelting – 189

PERMEATING Characteristic Electrochemical Noise During Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Permeation – 64

Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452

Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys – 63

Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Type II Chondrules and Limited Overgrowths on Phenocrysts Following the Final Melting Event – 191

PERSONAL COMPUTERS Home Computers and Internet Use in the USA: August 2000. Special Studies. Current Population Reports – 120

PHARMACOLOGY Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for the Anesthetics Halothane, Isoflurane, and Desflurane in the Pig (SUS SCROFA) – 217

PERSONALITY Online Learning Style and e-Learning Approaches – 285 PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT Course Curriculum Development for the Future Cyberwarrior – 431

Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice – 203

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned – 279

PHASE CONTROL Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141

PERSONNEL Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human Behavior Influence Models – 432

PHASE LOCKED SYSTEMS Interrupt-based Phase-locked Frequency Multiplier – 166

Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach – 261

PHASE SHIFT CIRCUITS The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using SuperConducting Magnets – 62

Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring System (TAO ITS) – 308 Tactile Land Navigation in Night Operations – 260

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PHASE SHIFT Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Optimal Movement – 359

PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of FOX-7 – 96 PHENOLS Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Resveratrol – 239 PHOSPHATES Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems from Molecular Structure by SPARC – 283 PHOSPHAZENE The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation Material for Shipboard Piping -- NonHalogenated Polyphosphazene Foam – 68 PHOSPHORUS Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 Control of Growth Within Drosophila Peripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Kinase A – 204 PHOSPHORYLATION Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Cooperate With Estrogen to Promote Estrogen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquitination and Proteolysis in ER Negative Breast Cancers – 250 PHOTOCATHODES Superconducting Photocathodes – 396 PHOTOELECTRIC EMISSION Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450 PHOTOGRAMMETRY The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of Distributive Systems Models. Phase 1 – 172 PHOTOGRAPHS Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents – 152 High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) – 114 PHOTOIONIZATION Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449 PHOTOLUMINESCENCE Characterization of Passivated Indium Antimonide – 91 PHOTOMETERS Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 363

PHOTONICS Addressing the Requirements for RF Photonics – 355 Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34 R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in the World – 127 Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41

PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic System and Component Certification, Test Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems International Standards – 181 PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35

PHOTONS Station-Keeping Requirements for Astronomical Imaging with Constellations of Free-Flying Collectors – 56

PHYSICAL EXERCISE Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep Deprivation – 257

PHOTOTRANSISTORS Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Region – 130

Exercise Following Simulated Parachuting from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Reduced and is the Probability of Post Descent Decompression Sickness Increased? – 275

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI Semiconductors – 178

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 271 CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Activity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man – 276 Intra-Prostate ducer – 249

Cancer

Vaccine

In-

PHYSIOLOGY Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in the Operational Environment – 264 Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation – 268

Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots – 267

Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Dehydrated Rats – 87

Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Test System at the Outdoor Test Facility – 184

Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Wearing New Biological and Chemical Protective Combat Uniforms in MOPP 1 – 275

(Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant Combination for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in a Context of Continuous Operations) – 269

Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials – 179

The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258

Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of Overweight and Obesity in African Americans and Caucasians – 230

Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsulant Formulations at NREL – 175

PHYSICAL FACTORS The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned – 279

Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Status Markers after their Homecoming – 271

Plasma Surface Modification of Polymer Backsheets: Origins of Future Interfacial Barrier/Backsheet Failure – 176

PHYSICAL FITNESS Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots – 267

PICOSECOND PULSES Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Signal Processing – 126

Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers – 177

Operator Functional State Assessment (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle de i’operateur humain) – 256

PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic System and Component Certification, Test Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems International Standards – 181

Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness – 271

Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Dendrimers – 179

Exploratory Reliability and Performance R and D – 183

Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector – 51 Recent Revisions to PVWATTS – 180 Rheological and Mechanical Considerations for Photovoltaic Encapsulants – 182 Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for PV Packaging – 184 Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface Analysis PV Research – 179 PHOTOVOLTAIC CONVERSION Impurity-Band Model for xNx – 181

GaP1-

Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility – 182

PHYSICAL WORK Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Wearing New Biological and Chemical Protective Combat Uniforms in MOPP 1 – 276 PHYSICS Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Parameters – 402 Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detectors – 401 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation – 268 Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 – 253

PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS Model Development for Piezoceramic Nanopositioners – 107 Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actuators – 106 PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133 PIEZOELECTRICITY Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Resistance of Composite Laminates Under Mode I Loading – 79 Model Development for Piezoceramic Nanopositioners – 106 Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actuators – 106 PILOT PLANTS Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis – 376 PILOT TRAINING Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14

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PILOTLESS AIRCRAFT An Investigation Into Robust Wind Correction Algorithms for Off-the Shelf Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Autopilots – 16 Characterization of UAV Performance and Development of a Formation Flight Controller for Multiple Small UAVS – 17 Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 17 Making Robot Planes Useful for Scientific Investigation of Earth – 13 The Challenges of Information Management in the Networked Battlespace: Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and the Warfighter – 431 The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned – 278 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21 PILOTS Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload Analysis – 6 Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measurement of Shipboard Piping Using a Portable Coordinate Measuring Machine (PCMM) – 163 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98 PISTON ENGINES Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed Detonation Engine – 114 PITCH (INCLINATION) An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Deformations for a Homogeneous Beam at Varying Tip Loads and Pitch Angles – 14 PITTING Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honeycomb Conical Seal Panel – 60 PIXELS Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents – 152 PLAGIOCLASE Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Chondrites – 191 Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Breccia – 456

Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots – 267

PLANETARY ENVIRONMENTS Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Venus and Earth – 452

Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach – 10

PLANETARY GEOLOGY Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitability of Ancient Mars – 458

PIPELINES Pipeline Optimization (PLOP) – 377

Program

PIPES (TUBES) A Planning Guide - New Technologies in Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 Balanced Orifice Plate – 104 Feasibility Study: Automated Painting of Pipe Pieces, Hangers, and Other Small Parts: Maximizing Shop Painting Operations Task 3.84.4 – 72 Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1, 2002-February 28, 2006.) – 87 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation Material for Shipboard Piping -- NonHalogenated Polyphosphazene Foam – 68

A-78

PLANETARY SURFACES Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 PLANETS GNC System for the Deployment and Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Interferometer – 443 PLANNING Temporal Planning with Preferences and Probabilities – 382 PLASMA FOCUS An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Reflection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Propulsion Device – 414 PLASMA FREQUENCIES High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of BBELF Turbulence – 417 PLASMAS (PHYSICS) A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63 An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Reflection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Propulsion Device – 414

Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Near-Field Plasma Properties of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 311 Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Extensions with GPS-TEC Observations – 460 Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 406 Multi-Domain Plasma Expansion Simulations Using a Particle-in-Cell Method – 417 Plasma Surface Modification of Polymer Backsheets: Origins of Future Interfacial Barrier/Backsheet Failure – 176 Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407 Science and Technology Review: Spheromak Plasma Heats Up – 398 PLASMASPHERE Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Extensions with GPS-TEC Observations – 460 PLASMIDS Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 PLASTIC PROPERTIES The Role of the NeurofibrominSyndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 235 PLUMES A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63 Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint) – 42 From Sequential Extraction to Transport Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Contaminants – 64 Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42 PLUTONIUM OXIDES Macroscopic Cracking Determination in LaBS Glass – 97 POISSON DENSITY FUNCTIONS Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body Systems – 364 Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 362 POISSON EQUATION Fast Solvers for 3D Poisson Equations Involving Interfaces in an Finite or the Infinite Domain – 355 On the Poisson Equation for Countable Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions and Parameter Dependence by Probabilistic Methods – 346 Optimal Control and Poisson Reduction – 360

POLAR REGIONS The Polar Sea Ice Aqua/AMSR-E – 170

Cover

from

POLARIMETERS Bunch Profiles in RHIC from CNI Polarimeter Target Scans – 407 POLARIMETRY Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 196 POLARITY Polar Phase Screens: A Comparison with Other Methods of Random Phase Screen Generation – 346 POLARIZATION Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Mitigation – 127 POLICIES A Reusable, Distributed Repository for Configuration Management Policy Programming – 312 An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing Control Policies and the Dynamic Service-Time Performance of a Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Management Facility – 12 Defense Technologies: DOD’s Critical Technologies Lists Rarely Inform Export Control and other Policy Decisions – 431 Government Activities to Protect the Electric Grid – 181 Public Safety Communications: Policy, Proposals, Legislation and Progress – 119 Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Drivers – 70 Steering Policies for Markov Decision Processes Under a Recurrence Condition – 367 U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in Implementing Aerospace Commission Recommendations, and Remaining Challenges – 425 Weapons Strengthen nical Data Systems –

Acquisition: DOD Should Policies for Assessing TechNeeds to Support Weapon 17

POLLUTION CONTROL Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxidation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. Annual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005 – 188 International Symposium on Site Characterization for CO(sub 2) Geological Storage – 187 RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC), Clean Air Technology Center, Annual Report for 2005 – 185 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 435

POLLUTION MONITORING Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419 POLYCRYSTALS Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degradation Studies – 178 Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Solar Cells – 179 POLYIMIDES Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides – 75 POLYMERS New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sensitive Equipment Decontamination – 92 Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34 Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242 POLYMORPHISM Effect of HIF-12 Alpha Polymorphism on the Incidence and Severity of Prostate – 208 Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 POLYNOMIALS Effective Bezout Q[z1,...,Zn] – 349

Identities

in

Guardian Maps and the Generalized Stability of Parametrized Families of Matrices and Polynomials – 392

PORTABLE EQUIPMENT The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measurement of Shipboard Piping Using a Portable Coordinate Measuring Machine (PCMM) – 163 PORTUGAL Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal – 144 POSITION (LOCATION) An Adaptive Tabu Search Heuristic for the Location Routing Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows with a Theater Distribution Application – 378 An Algorithm for the Accurate Localization of Sounds – 137 Computer-Assisted Methodology for the Determination of the Optimal Number and Location of Tool Sheds (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 379 Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications – 117 Global En Route Basing Infrastructure Location Model – 21 Localization Performance of Real and Virtual Sound Sources – 21 Multiple-Event Markov-Chain nique – 290

Location Using the Monte Carlo Tech-

Robot Localization Using Visual Image Mapping – 331 The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound Localisation – 409

POLYURETHANE FOAM Characterization of Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Materials for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation – 45

POSITION SENSING Characterizing the Impact of Precision Time and Range Measurements from Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Network Differential GPS Position Solutions – 125

POLYURETHANE RESINS The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Development of Non-Polluting, Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Systems For Ships – 73

POSITIONING An Overview of CNES Strategy and Activities on Formation Flying – 57

POPULATIONS A Finite Difference Approximation for a Coupled System of Nonlinear SizeStructured Populations – 353 Home Computers and Internet Use in the USA: August 2000. Special Studies. Current Population Reports – 120 Motivational Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use in a Military Population – 244

Development and Testing of a HighSpeed Real-Time Kinematic Precise DGPS Positioning System Between Two Aircraft – 154 GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space – 46 POSITRONS Beam Dynamics in a Spectrometer for the Polarized Positron Production Experiment – 156 Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407

POROSITY Efficient and Robust Numerical Modeling of Variably Saturated Flow in Layered Porous Media – 169

POTABLE WATER Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 231

Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid Payload: The Candlestick Problem and Porous Media – 142

Electrochemically Generated Oxidant Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89

A-79

Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 88 Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice – 203 Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 402 POTENTIAL ENERGY Energy Index For vers – 31

Aircraft

Maneu-

Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 174 POWDER (PARTICLES) On a Powder Consolidation lem – 69

Prob-

POWER CONVERTERS 100kW Energy Transfer Multiplexer Power Converter Prototype Development Project – 141 Electrical Drive pling – 130

Inductive

Cou-

POWER EFFICIENCY Highly Efficient Optical Communication Technologies – 126 POWER TRANSMISSION New Perspectives for Power Transmission in the European Liberalized Electricity Market and Possible Role of FourPhase Systems – 132 PRECAMBRIAN PERIOD Fossil Microorganisms chaean – 169

in

Ar-

PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY) NASA’s Global Precipitation Mission Ground Validation Segment – 200 Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Averaging – 198 PRECISION Characterizing the Impact of Precision Time and Range Measurements from Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Network Differential GPS Position Solutions – 125 Evaluating the Quality of Query Refinement Suggestions in Information Retrieval – 437 Very Dense Magnetic Sensor Arrays for Precision Measurement and Detection – 150 PREDICTION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES Near Real-Time Event Detection & Prediction Using Intelligent Software Agents – 43

PREDICTIONS A Bayesian Approach to Predicting an Unknown Number of Targets Based on Sensor Performance – 372 A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Early Predictors of Outcome – 248 Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inhalation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biomarkers and Time Course of Lung Inflammation – 226 Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Effects of Burst Properties of Pressure Vessels – 77 Senturion: A Predictive Political Simulation Model – 314 PREMIXED FLAMES Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames – 88 Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Premixed Flames – 353 Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and Water/NaOH Solutions – 352 Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame Behind a Step – 90 PRESSURE EFFECTS Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Effects of Burst Properties of Pressure Vessels – 77 PRESSURE REDUCTION Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With 40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256 PRESSURE REGULATORS Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 PRESSURE SENSORS Self-Calibrating Pressure ducer – 160

Trans-

PRESSURE VESSELS Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Effects of Burst Properties of Pressure Vessels – 77 PRESSURE Continued Investigation of Leakage and Power Loss Test Results for Competing Turbine Engine Seals – 162 PREVENTION Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 206 Assessment of Shore Protection Project Performance Following the 2004 Hurricane Season – 196

Senturion: A Predictive Political Simulation Model – 314

Baltimore City Faith-Based Prostate Cancer Prevention and Control Coalition – 215

Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction, and Estimation – 393

Prediction and Prevention of Frostbite – 242

A-80

Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a Passive Heat and Moisture Exchanger – 258 Prevention of plaints – 277

Low

Back

Com-

Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Hexaphosphate – 230 Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach – 261 PRIMATES A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex – 252 The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203 PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis – 376 Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTIONS A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Prediction – 365 Histogram Estimators of Bivariate Densities – 365 Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation for Small Satellites – 3 Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Averaging – 198 The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Verification – 358 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS A Continuous-Time Distributed Version of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing Problem – 341 Discrete Representation of Signals from Infinite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces with Application to Noise Suppression and Compression – 342 New Results in Discrete-Time Nonlinear Filtering – 343 Predicates and Predicate Transformers for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 382 Robust Distributed Discrete-Time Block and Sequential Detection in Uncertain Environments – 361 Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Analytical Solutions and Approximations – 343 PROBABILITY THEORY Combining Spatial Statistical and Ensemble Information in Probabilistic Weather Forecasts – 198

Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? – 332

NASA: Sound Management and Oversight Key to Addressing Crew Exploration Vehicle Project Risks – 423

PROPELLANTS Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62

Conservative Analytical Collision Probabilities for Orbital Formation Flying – 56

NASA Technologies for Product Identification – 44

Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for Functionally Graded Propellants – 111

PRODUCTION ENGINEERING Group Technology/Flow Applications Research (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 260

Spacecraft Platform for Advanced Formation Flying – 62

Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabilities of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364 Multireception Probabilities for FH/SSMA Communications – 336 O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction Probabilities in DSMC – 357 On the Poisson Equation for Countable Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions and Parameter Dependence by Probabilistic Methods – 346 Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Sizing – 279 Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Sharpness – 368 Sensor Management for Fighter Applications – 15 Temporal Planning with Preferences and Probabilities – 381 The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Verification – 358

PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 374 PRODUCTIVITY Automatic Submerged ARC Welding With Metal Power Additions to Increase Productivity and Maintain Quality – 164 Implementation of Advanced Technology in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Workshop Report – 379 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Measuring Systems for Increased Accuracy and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Repair – 311 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Reduced Volume of Spent Abrasive in Open Air Blasting – 67

Burst Net-

PROGRAM VERIFICATION (COMPUTERS) Automated Discovery of Mimicry Attacks – 380

PROBLEM SOLVING A New Nonlinear Equations Test Problem – 351

PROGRAMMERS Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Without Programmers – 309

On the Convergence of the Tapia Indicators in the Absence of Strict Complementarity – 350

PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENTS The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing – 286

PROCEDURES Spiral System Implementation Methodology: Application of the Knowledge Web and Network-Centric Best Practices – 384

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architectures and Motion Control – 300

PROCUREMENT A Purchasing Agent’s Guide to Buying Paints and Coatings – 66

PROGRESS Progress in the Development of a Multiphase Turbulent Model of the Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Ammunition Primer – 147

Wavelength Routing/Optical Switching/Optical Access work – 281

CBO Testimony: Aging Military Equipment – 399

Pipeline Optimization (PLOP) – 377

Program

Results From Use of an Integrated Schedule for Drawing Development and Equipment Procurement (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325

PROJECT MANAGEMENT Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited – 441

Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) and Final Design Review (FDR) Criteria – 297

Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) and Final Design Review (FDR) Criteria – 297

The Information Flow Requirements of the Design and Procurement Processes of Shipbuilding Programs – 306 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Multidisciplinary Environments: A History of Engineering Framework Development – 317

PROJECTILES Foreign Object Damage in a GasTurbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials – 27 Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid Payload: The Candlestick Problem and Porous Media – 142

The Determination of Remaining Satellite Propellant Using Measured Moments of Inertia – 366 PROPELLERS Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation – 32 Friction Stir Processing and Fusion Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Bronze – 95 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing – 102 PROPORTIONAL CONTROL Xenon Feed System Progress – 93 PROPULSION SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS A Proposal to Develop and Test a FibreOptic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion System for Microsatellites – 415 Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62 Spacecraft Platform for Advanced Formation Flying – 62 PROPULSION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE A Proposal to Develop and Test a FibreOptic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion System for Microsatellites – 415 Spacecraft Platform for Advanced Formation Flying – 62 PROPULSION An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Reflection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Propulsion Device – 414 Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Research and Development (R&R) Support: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Earth Magnets – 102 Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module for Rocket Engine and Propulsion System Simulations – 145 PROPYLENE Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/PropyleneStyrene Triblock Copolymers – 108 PROSTATE GLAND Activation and Protection of Dendritic Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environment – 227

A-81

Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 205 An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy Agents – 237 Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Functions of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen – 206 ATM Heterozygosity and the Development of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Morbidity Following Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer – 238 Baltimore City Faith-Based Prostate Cancer Prevention and Control Coalition – 215 Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Resveratrol – 239 Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of Black Men to Screening for Prostate Cancer – 233 Characterization of a Novel Intracellular Receptor for Phorbol Esters and Diacylglycerol in Prostate Cancer – 212 Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 247 Development of Novel Bifunctional Compounds that Induce Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells – 232

Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Prostate Cancer Radioresistance – 215 Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for Advanced Prostate Cancer – 246

PROTECTION Activation and Protection of Dendritic Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environment – 227

Molecular Targeting of the P13K/Akt Pathway to Prevent the Development Hormone Resistant Prostate Cancer – 210

Assessment of Shore Protection Project Performance Following the 2004 Hurricane Season – 196

MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning for Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer – 207 Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245 Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Cancer – 227 Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Prostate Cancer – 213 Positional Cloning of an Ashkenzai Jewish Hereditary Prostate Cancer – 227 Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245 Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Hexaphosphate – 230 PSES-A Novel Prostate Specific Chimeric Enhancer for Prostate Cancer Gene Therapy – 246

Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral Structures for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence After Prostate Cancer Spray – 209

Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vascular Endothelium – 249

Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer – 211 Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer – 248 GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium Chemoprevention of ProstateCancer – 238 High Throughput Screen to Identify Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer Metastasis – 236 Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes that Regulate Radiation Responses in Prostate Cancer Cells – 211

Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation in Prostate Cancer – 251 Regulation of p53 Activity by ReversibleAcetylation in Prostate Tumor Suppression – 206 Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer – 205 Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and Mortality in Black and White Men in the Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties – 208 Suppression of Prostate Cancer by PTEN and p18INK4c – 218 The Clinical Development of Thalildomide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245 The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in Prostatic Oncogenesis – 207

Identify the Impact of TGF-Beta Signaling on the Stroma in the Progression of Prostate Cancer – 234

Therapy Selection ing – 237

Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases for Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancer – 215

Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects on Prostate Cancer – 250

Intra-Prostate ducer – 249

A-82

Cancer

Vaccine

In-

Zinc Deficiency and Microtubule Function in Prostate Cells – 211

Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabolism and Progression From High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN) to Prostate Cancer – 216

Effect of HIF-12 Alpha Polymorphism on the Incidence and Severity of Prostate – 208

Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A Randomized Controlled Trial – 249

XIAP as a Molecular Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Prostate Cancer – 209

by

Gene

Profil-

Double protection passive pour les equipages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Concept et etude experimentale (Design and Experimental Study of the Passive Double Hearing Protection for the Crew of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411 Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 88 Government Activities to Protect the Electric Grid – 181 Investigating Double Hearing Protection using Human Subjects – 411 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Correlation of Chemical Warfare Surrogate Tests on Air-Permeable Chemical Protective Uniforms – 115 Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep Deprivation – 257 Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Wearing New Biological and Chemical Protective Combat Uniforms in MOPP 1 – 275 PROTECTIVE COATINGS Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Versus Complete Coating in Ballast TanksFive Year Report – 71 Development of Standard Procedures for Shipboard Print Inspection – 71 Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 National Shipbuilding Research Program. Performance Testing of Marine Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Procedures – 68 Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for Underwater Service (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 71 The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coating Life Phase. Phase 2 – 66 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards – 72

Tocotrienols and Prostate Cancer – 207

Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 246

PROTECTORS Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Correction Insert Stability Evaluation – 261

PROTEINS Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Resveratrol – 239 Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254 Control of Growth Within Drosophila Peripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Kinase A – 204 Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry – 235 Dynamics of Post-Translational Modifications on Human Histone H4 Through the Cell Cycle – 239 Folding of Aggregated Proteins to Functionally Active Form – 233 Identification of Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast Cancer – 213 Protein Transduction Based Therapies for Breast Cancer – 238 Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Cells, Tissues, and Medical Devices – 254 Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in Recombination – 242 Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model Compounds in Structure Control – 84 The Role of the NeurofibrominSyndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234

PROTONS Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment – 449 Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35 PROTOTYPES 100kW Energy Transfer Multiplexer Power Converter Prototype Development Project – 141 Experiments of a Terabit-Class SuperNetwork – 117 First Results with Prototype Detectors of the Si/W ECAL – 406

The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274 Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 PUBLIC HEALTH An Overview of the U.S. Public Health System in the Context of Emergency Preparedness – 218 Report of Visit to the Public Health College and Training Center at Gondar, February 22-25, 1961 – 219

NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375

PULMONARY FUNCTIONS Call-Center Based Disease Management of Pediatric Asthmatics – 235

Research and Development of 160 Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Prototype and Related Technologies – 116

PULSE COMMUNICATION Defining Cyberspace as a USA Air Force Mission – 430

RLV Flight Operations Demonstration with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle (PREPRINT) – 63

Interrupt-based Phase-locked Frequency Multiplier – 165

Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) and Final Design Review (FDR) Criteria – 297 PROTOZOA Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 231

PULSE DETONATION ENGINES Data Analysis and Compression Techniques for Megabyte-Data PDE Experiments – 29 Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed Detonation Engine – 113

PROVING A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128

Experimental Study of Deflagration-toDetonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine – 27

R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in the World – 127

Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28 Integration of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With an Ejector Pump and With a Turbo-Charger as Methods to SelfAspirate – 28

Theoretical Investigation of the Feasibility of PTD-Mediated Translocation of Proteins Across Artificial Membranes – 240

Shape Representation in V4: Investigating Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Confirmation with the Standard Model of Object Recognition – 252

Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecular Target in Breast Cancer – 229

The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Verification – 358

Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With a Turbine – 28

PSYCHOACOUSTICS Comment ameliorer la selection et le traitement des messages verbaux? (How to Improve the Selection and Processing of Verbal Messages) – 121

Propagation of Detonation Waves in Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust Tube – 27

PROTEOME A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241 Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites – 223 PROTOCOL (COMPUTERS) A Study for Technology of Controlling Next-Generation Backbone Network – 125 Experiences with a Survey Tool for Discovering Network Time Protocol Servers – 323 How to Use FASTLANEs to Protect IP Networks – 328 Mitigating TCP Degradation over Intermittent Link Failures using Intermediate Buffers – 120 PROTON BEAMS Bunch Profiles in RHIC from CNI Polarimeter Target Scans – 407

PSYCHOLOGY The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258 U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness – 273 Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses to Service Failure – 288 PSYCHOMETRICS Improving Military Recruit Quality Through Smart Classification Technology – 305 PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment – 272

Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branching in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29

PULSE DURATION Developing a Methodology for Elaborating a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High Power Laser Diodes – 157 System of Nanosecond 280-kevVHe(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418 PULSE MODULATION On Periodic Pulse Interval Analysis with Outliers and Missing Observations – 359 PULSED LASERS Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Signal Processing – 126 PULSEJET ENGINES Data Analysis and Compression Techniques for Megabyte-Data PDE Experiments – 29

A-83

Experimental Study of Deflagration-toDetonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine – 27 Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28

Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 108

Initiation of Detonation in a Large Tube – 27

Quality Education and ‘Quality Papers’ – 166

Integration of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With an Ejector Pump and With a Turbo-Charger as Methods to SelfAspirate – 28

Task Technical and Quality Assurance Plan for the 2H Evaporator Scale Analysis – 76

Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With a Turbine – 28 Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branching in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 Propagation of Detonation Waves in Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust Tube – 27 PURIFICATION Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254 Electrochemically Generated Oxidant Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 PYROXENES Aluminian Low-Ca Pyroxene in a Ca-Alrich Chondrule from the Semarkona Meteorite – 456 Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Composition, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule Size – 190 Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and PostAnnealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LLChondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling – 453 QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING A Trust Region Strategy for Equality Constrained Optimization – 360 Generalized tions – 374

Conjugate

Direc-

On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 351 Structural Optimization in a Distributed Computing Environment – 382 QUADRATURE PHASE SHIFT KEYING Advanced Optical Modulators for Nextgeneration Photonic Networks – 126 QUADRATURES Asymptotics of Gaussian Regularized Least-Squares – 395 QUALITY CONTROL Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 374

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The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 435 QUALITY Combining Evidence from Homologous Datasets – 437 Evaluating the Quality of Query Refinement Suggestions in Information Retrieval – 437 Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engineers? – 284 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS An Analysis of Weight Change in Filters – 166 QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g K+K+K- – 420 Inclusive Measurements of Vub from BaBar – 421 Practical Twistor Spinoffs: On Shell Tree and Loop Recursion Relations – 398 QUANTUM DOTS A Theory of Radiation Effects in Cellular Devices – 134 Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple Exciton Generation – 178 Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Breast Cancer – 205 QUANTUM THEORY Quantum Logic With Cold Neutral Atoms – 413 QUANTUM WELL LASERS Performance Comparison of Optically Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared Lasers – 159 QUANTUM WELLS Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabilities Within the Positive-DifferentialResistance Regions of Tunneling Devices – 132 QUARKS Inclusive Measurements of Vub from BaBar – 421 Quarkonium bar – 421

Spectroscopy

at

Ba-

QUERY LANGUAGES HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices – 440

QUEUEING THEORY Analysis and Adaptive Control of a Discrete-Time Single-Server Network with Random Routing – 327 Interchange Arguments in Stochastic Scheduling – 380 Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering and Associated Random Variables – 362 Online Query Relaxation via Bayesian Causal Structures Discovery – 436 Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Analytical Solutions and Approximations – 343 RACE FACTORS The Federal Workforce Additional Insights Could Enhance Agency Efforts Related to Hispanic Representation – 423 RACES (ANTHROPOLOGY) Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of Overweight and Obesity in African Americans and Caucasians – 231 RADAR CROSS SECTIONS Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measurements of a Dismount With RocketPropelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at Ka-Band – 149 RADAR DATA Storage Radar – 151 RADAR EQUIPMENT Analytical Determination of Airborne Radar Response to Extraneous Inputs – 155 F-22A Raptor – 22 RADAR IMAGERY A Comparison of Change Detection Statistics in POLSAR Images – 315 RADAR MEASUREMENT Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measurements of a Dismount With RocketPropelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at Ka-Band – 149 RADAR TARGETS Neural Networks for Sequential Discrimination of Radar Targets – 337 Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios – 85 Storage Radar – 150 RADAR TRACKING Optimal Geometric Deployment of a Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation System to Track a Landing Aircraft – 12 RADARSAT Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission – 117 RADAR Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere with Millimeter-Wave Radar – 152

Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabilities of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364 Impact of Diverse Polarisations on Clutter Statistics – 363 Storage Radar – 150 Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 196

RADIO ANTENNAS Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strategies for Large DSN Arrays – 46 RADIO COMMUNICATION Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 Impact of Threshold Degradation on Availability of Digital Fixed Radio Links – 119

RADIOACTIVE WASTES Analytical Results of DWPF Glass Sample Taken During Filling of Canister S01913: Summary Report – 105 Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental Results – 105 Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past Production of Nuclear Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress – 186

RADIAL VELOCITY Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Near-Field Plasma Properties of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 312

RADIO EMISSION Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos via Coherent Radio Emission – 420

Rehological Characterization of Unusal DWPF Slurry Samples – 64

RADIATION DAMAGE Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 175

X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity – 449

Task Technical and Quality Assurance Plan for the 2H Evaporator Scale Analysis – 76

RADIO FREQUENCIES A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128

Testing to Evaluate the Suitability of Waste Forms Developed for Electrometallurgically Treated Spent SodiumBounded Nuclear Fuel for Disposal in the Yucca Mountain Repository – 109

RADIATION EFFECTS A Theory of Radiation Effects in Cellular Devices – 134 Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation in Prostate Cancer – 251 RADIATION HAZARDS Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Different Energies on the Radiation Hazard from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 RADIATION THERAPY ATM Heterozygosity and the Development of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Morbidity Following Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer – 238

Addressing the Requirements for RF Photonics – 355 An Overview of CNES Strategy and Activities on Formation Flying – 57 Department of Defense Net-Centric Spectrum Management Strategy – 403 Elliptically Polarized Modes in RF Cavities – 401 Impact of Threshold Degradation on Availability of Digital Fixed Radio Links – 119

Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Prostate Cancer Radioresistance – 215

Magnetic Field Response Sensor For Conductive Media – 139

MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning for Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer – 207

RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation – 286

Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vascular Endothelium – 249

RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE Impact of Threshold Degradation on Availability of Digital Fixed Radio Links – 119

RADIATION TOLERANCE Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases for Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancer – 215 Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34 Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vascular Endothelium – 249 RADIATION TRANSPORT Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Different Energies on the Radiation Hazard from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Recombination at Light-Induced BoronOxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174 RADIATIVE TRANSFER A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers – 112 RADII Global Radius of Curvature Estimation and Control System for Segmented Mirrors – 166

RADIO NAVIGATION Human Factors Considerations for Area Navigation Departure and Arrival Procedures – 11 RADIO RECEIVERS A GPS Receiver Designed for CarrierPhase Time Transfer – 135 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 RADIO TRANSMISSION A GPS Receiver Designed for CarrierPhase Time Transfer – 135 Military Speech Communications over Vocoders in Tandem – 331 Radio Transmission Between Two Submerged Submarines – 119 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS Type B Package Radioactive Material Content Compliance – 76

Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Complex Radioactive High Level Radioactive Waste – 97 RADIOGRAPHY B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Radiology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual Search Efficiency – 213 Digital Radiography – 407 RADIOLOGY B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Radiology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual Search Efficiency – 213 Summary: Annual Site Environmental Report Radiological Doses and Releases, 1998-2001 – 185 RADIOMETERS A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers – 112 Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195 The Polar Sea Ice Aqua/AMSR-E – 170

Cover

from

RADIOTELEPHONES Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ultrasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and Emergency Therapeutics – 247 RADOMES Frequency Selective Materials for Control of Radiated Emissions and Interference Suppression, Phase 2 – 149 RADON Range of the k-Dimensional Radon Transform in Real Hyperbolic Spaces – 393 RAIL TRANSPORTATION Encapsulation Application Research of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Environment – 171

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RAMAN SPECTRA The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and Fluorescence Effects – 415 RANDOM NOISE On Robust Continuous-Time Discrimination – 361 RANDOM VARIABLES Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering and Associated Random Variables – 362 RANGEFINDING Characterizing the Impact of Precision Time and Range Measurements from Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Network Differential GPS Position Solutions – 125 Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using the Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor – 56

The Isolated Perfused Rat Liver and its use in the Study of Chemical Kinetics: Quality and Performance Parameters – 82 RAYLEIGH SCATTERING Characterizing a Co-Flow Nozzle for use in a Filtered Rayleigh Scattering System – 144 REACTION KINETICS Assessment of Local Cold Tolerance of Individuals by using Conventional and Unconventional Methods Based on Observation of CIVD Reactivity – 258 COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92 Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems from Molecular Structure by SPARC – 282

DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Database Server for High-Assurance TimeCritical Applications – 438 Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed – 444 Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion – 61 Managing Contention and Timing Constraints in a Real-Time Database System – 426 Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Database Systems in the Framework of Discrete Event Systems – 373 MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of Efficient Native Supercomputing for Microsoft Windows Architecture – 288 Near Real-Time Event Detection & Prediction Using Intelligent Software Agents – 43

Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) with Small Molecules – 92

Optimal Scheduling with Strict Deadlines – 380

Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions – 48

Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3Butadiene Decomposition – 90

Vision Based Localization in Urban Environments – 155

The Exploration Water Recovery System – 442

Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflectance – 135

RANKING Learning User Preferences for Sets of Objects – 291

The Isolated Perfused Rat Liver and its use in the Study of Chemical Kinetics: Quality and Performance Parameters – 82

RARE EARTH ALLOYS Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Research and Development (R&R) Support: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Earth Magnets – 102

REACTION TIME Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267

RAREFIED GASES Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146 RATINGS Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility – 182 Small PV Systems Performance Evaluation at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method – 175 RATS Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 223 Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Pigs – 65 Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Dehydrated Rats – 87 Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice – 203

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REACTIVITY Assessment of Local Cold Tolerance of Individuals by using Conventional and Unconventional Methods Based on Observation of CIVD Reactivity – 258

Real-Time Process Monitoring by P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Epitaxy – 419 Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129 VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313 RECEIVERS A GPS Receiver Designed for CarrierPhase Time Transfer – 135 Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for Enhanced Signal Processing – 301 Confidence Bands Curves – 330

for

ROC

Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning With a Multi-Level Architecture – 336

Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 362

REAL TIME OPERATION A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System – 287

Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Commercial GPS Receiver Through Software Approach (Preprint) – 306

Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Radar Signals in the Presence of Noise – 152

Test of Models RAA and RAB Receiving Equipments – 123

Control System Design for a Flexible Arm – 298 Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Development and Testing of a HighSpeed Real-Time Kinematic Precise DGPS Positioning System Between Two Aircraft – 154 Development of Methods for the RealTime and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Eye – 251

Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 RECOGNITION Exploration of the Area of Multinational Operations and Inter-Cultural Factors: An Update of HFM-120/RTG Activities – 262 RECONFIGURABLE HARDWARE Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137 RECONNAISSANCE Tactile Land Navigation in Night Operations – 260

RECYCLING The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Combined Abrasive Recycling and Containment - Final Report With Summary and Conclusions – 68 REDUNDANCY A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in Information Extraction – 381 Regularization Through Feature Knock Out – 338 REENTRY VEHICLES Development and Validation of Reentry Simulation Using MATLAB – 390 REFERENCE ATMOSPHERES Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Venus and Earth – 452 REFINING Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Final Report – 87 REFLECTANCE Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflectance – 136 Real-Time Process Monitoring by P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Epitaxy – 419 Velocity Inversion by Coherency Optimization – 192 REFLECTOMETERS Two Methods for Calibration Without A Through Connection On A ThreeSampler Vector Analyzer – 283 REFLECTORS Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a StructurallyEfficient, High-Performance, LargeAperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation – 180 REFRACTIVITY Refractive Index Determination of Biological Particles – 97 REFRACTORIES Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer – 211 REFRACTORY MATERIALS Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High Temperature Magnetic Material for PWR – 74 Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumentation Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center – 151

Air Force Aerial Refueling – 10 REGENERATIVE COOLING Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 63

REMOTE SENSORS Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satellite Formations for the Purpose of SpaceBased Remote Sensing – 41

REGRESSION ANALYSIS Developing Scheduling Standards Using Regression Analysis: An Application Guide – 377

REMOTELY PILOTED VEHICLES Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) ‘Quadrocopter Garmisch 2005’ – 24

Methodological Issues when Assessing Dismounted Soldier Mobility Performance – 264

RENDEZVOUS SPACECRAFT PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50

REGULATIONS The Interagency Security Committee and Security Standards for Federal Buildings – 167 REGULATORS Series Connected Buck-Boost Regulator – 139 RELATIVITY Entropy, Perception, ity – 427

and

Relativ-

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47 Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode – 156 Performance Analysis of a Wing With Multiple Winglets – 3 RELIABILITY Computing Trust from Revision History – 435 Decision Support Tools – 387

Methods

and

Evaluation of the Effects of Predicted Associativity On the Reliability and Performance Of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks – 120 Exploratory Reliability and Performance R and D – 183 RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation – 286 RELIC RADIATION SalSA: A Teraton UHE Neutrino Detector – 447 REMOTE CONTROL Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Controls – 340 REMOTE SENSING Automated Selection of Results in Hierarchical Segmentations of Remotely Sensed Hyperspectral Images – 170

UAVs and Control Delays – 18

RENEWABLE ENERGY Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsulant Formulations at NREL – 175 Exploratory Reliability and Performance R and D – 183 Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface Analysis PV Research – 179 Small PV Systems Performance Evaluation at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method – 175 Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Project – 177 REPLACING General Purpose Fissile Package, A Replacement for the 6M Specification Package – 76 REPORTS NASA Scientific and Technical Information Standards – 433 REQUIREMENTS System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 434 The Interagency Security Committee and Security Standards for Federal Buildings – 167 RESEARCH AIRCRAFT Making Robot Planes Useful for Scientific Investigation of Earth – 13 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System – 287 Innovative Concepts for SSA Applications – 33 Research and Development of 160 Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Prototype and Related Technologies – 116 R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in the World – 127

Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission – 52

REFRIGERANTS Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Cargo Industry – 6

Science and Technology Review: Spheromak Plasma Heats Up – 398

Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446

The Human Volunteer in Military Biomedical Research (Military Medical Ethics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) – 241

REFUELING Air Force Aerial Refueling Methods: Flying Boom Versus Hose-and-Drogue – 9

Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173

RESEARCH FACILITIES Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guidebook – 444

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RESEARCH Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296 RESERVOIRS Tritium Reservoir Structural Performance Prediction – 77 RESIDUAL STRESS FEA Software for Determination of Residual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes for a Range of Gun Steels With Bauschinger Effect – 104 RESIDUES Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios – 86 RESINS The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Development of Non-Polluting, Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Systems For Ships – 73 RESISTORS Design of Current Impulse Generator – 131 RESONANT TUNNELING Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabilities Within the Positive-DifferentialResistance Regions of Tunneling Devices – 132 RESONATORS Acoustic Seal – 412 High Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Postprint) – 157 RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Department of Defense Net-Centric Spectrum Management Strategy – 403 Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach – 10 The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned – 278 RESOURCES The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 436 RESPIRATION Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inhalation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biomarkers and Time Course of Lung Inflammation – 227 Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250

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Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262 RESPIRATORS Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Correction Insert Stability Evaluation – 261

RIPPLES Representation of Spectral Profiles in the Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple Phases – 412 RISK Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Literature Study – 410

REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLES Application of Piecewise Linear Control Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle Guidance and Control – 40

Building Psychological Resiliency and Mitigating the Risks of Combat and Deployment Stressors Faced by Soldiers – 278

Demonstration and Analysis of Reusable Launch Vehicle Operations – 40

Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage – 37

REVENUE National Airspace System Modernization: Observations on Potential Funding Options for FAA and the Next Generation Airspace System – 11 REYNOLDS NUMBER Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146 RHEOLOGY Rehological Characterization of Unusal DWPF Slurry Samples – 65 RHEUMATIC DISEASES Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis With Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report – 226 RHYTHM (BIOLOGY) Support of Mission and Work Scheduling by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276 RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS Intra-Prostate Cancer ducer – 249

Vaccine

In-

Transcriptional Analysis of the bgIP Gene from Streptococcus mutans – 229 RICCATI EQUATION Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and Riccati Equations – 354 Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and Compensators: A State-Dependent Riccati Equation Approach – 355 RIFLES Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Performance: Predicting Shooting Performance with Advanced Distributed Learning Assessments – 301 RIGID STRUCTURES Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body Systems – 364 Relative Equilibria for Two Rigid Bodies Connected by a Ball-in-Socket Joint – 405

Economic Impact Analysis of the Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Residual Risk Standard – 184 Exercise Following Simulated Parachuting from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Reduced and is the Probability of Post Descent Decompression Sickness Increased? – 275 Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frostbite during Exposure to Cold Winds – 197 Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Land Combat Study – 277 Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduction Systems for Family Maltreatment, Suicidality, and Substance Problems in the USAF – 257 Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human Behavior Influence Models – 432 NASA: Sound Management and Oversight Key to Addressing Crew Exploration Vehicle Project Risks – 423 Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Military Personnel – 187 OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Worksheets for Systems – 320 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduction to OCTAVE-S – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example Scenario – 318 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Preparation Guidance – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method Guidelines – 321

Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Gravitational Field – 34

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organizational Worksheets – 320

Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Formation Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Cross-Coupling – 50

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical Asset Worksheets for Information – 320

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Asset Worksheets for Applications – 319 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical Asset Worksheets for People – 319 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy and Plan Worksheets – 319 Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Issues and Solutions – 33 Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Ethical Implications and Human Risk Assessment – 201 Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Belknap County, New Hampshire – 171 Some Properties of Empirical Risk Minimization Over Donsker Classes – 371

Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 332 The Application of Intelligent Robotic Systems and Lasers for Manufacturing – 157 Vision Based Localization in Urban Environments – 155 ROBOTS A Hybrid Control Strategy for Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance With NonHolonomic Robots – 389 Control System Design for a Flexible Arm – 298 Impact and Force Control of Flexible Manipulators – 344 Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architectures and Motion Control – 300 Robot Localization Using Visual Image Mapping – 331

Techniques for Developing an Acquisition Strategy by Profiling Software Risks – 307

Robot Research at Stanford Research Institute – 340

The Risk Assessment of Occupational and Environmental Hazards – 272

Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Feasibility Study (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 329

RIVERS Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at the Savannah River Site – 110 Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Belknap County, New Hampshire – 171 RLC CIRCUITS Design of Current Impulse Generator – 131 Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations – 131 ROADS The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203 ROBOT ARMS A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System – 287 ROBOTICS A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System – 287 Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion to Robotic and Human Missions in NearEarth Space – 329

ROBUSTNESS (MATHEMATICS) Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying – 59 Robust Sequential Tests for Memoryless Discrimination From Dependent Observations – 372 ROCKET ENGINES Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for Functionally Graded Propellants – 111 Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Augmented Rocket Nozzle – 145 Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module for Rocket Engine and Propulsion System Simulations – 145 ROCKET LAUNCHERS Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measurements of a Dismount With RocketPropelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at Ka-Band – 149 ROCKET NOZZLES Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Augmented Rocket Nozzle – 145

Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Optimal Movement – 359

ROCKET VEHICLES A Comparative Analysis of Single-StageTo-Orbit Rocket and Air-Breathing Vehicles – 39

High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – 394

ROCKS Fossil Microorganisms chaean – 169

Identification and Control of Haptic Systems: A Computational Theory – 350

ROSAT MISSION Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) – 448

Modeling of Impact Beam – 360

ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT Longitudinal Study of the Market Penetration of Cockpit Weather Information Systems – 25

on a Flexible

Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Controls – 339 PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50

in

Ar-

ROTATING SHAFTS Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation – 165

ROTATING STALLS Active Control of Compressor Stall inception: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Approach – 148 ROTATION Design and Implementation of Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Separated Space Interferometry – 443 Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a StructurallyEfficient, High-Performance, LargeAperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation – 180 ROTORS Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas Turbine – 29 V-22 Osprey Title-Rotor Aircraft – 20 ROUTES Global En Route Basing Infrastructure Location Model – 21 Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers – 177 RUBBER Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Nonlinear Elastomers – 106 Nanoscale Mechanism of Composite Reinforcement by Fibers and Filler, Theoretical Computation and Experimental Validation of the Theory Using Rubber/Short Carbon Fiber Compounds – 79 RUSSIAN FEDERATION NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Optics of Biological Particles. Held in Novosibirsk, Russia on 3-6 Oct 2005 – 416 SAFETY An Emergency Communications Safety Net: Integrating 911 and Other Services – 119 Developing a Methodology for Elaborating a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High Power Laser Diodes – 157 Partnering for Patient Empowerment through Community Awareness. Facilitator’s Guide – 425 Public Safety Communications: Policy, Proposals, Legislation and Progress – 119 Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Safety and Enhancing Situation Awareness in General Aviation Environments – 411 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 SALINITY Gulf Stream Temperature, Salinity and Transport During the Last Millennium – 173

A-89

SAMPLES Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guidebook – 444 SAMPLING Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis – 376 Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program: Predicted versus Observed Catch – 114 Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245 SANDS Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of Coastal Inlet Navigation Channels – 172 SANDWICH STRUCTURES Scaling of Energy Absorption in Composites to Enhance Survivability – 79 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Channel Characterization for EHF Satellite Communications on the Move – 123 SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS Application of a Relative Motion Guidance Algorithm to Formation Reassignment – 59

SCHEDULES An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing Control Policies and the Dynamic Service-Time Performance of a Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Management Facility – 12 NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375 Results From Use of an Integrated Schedule for Drawing Development and Equipment Procurement (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325 SCHEDULING An Adaptive Tabu Search Heuristic for the Location Routing Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows with a Theater Distribution Application – 378 Application of Shift Work Scheduling Principles and Tools for Optimizing Console Based Operations – 263 Developing Scheduling Standards Using Regression Analysis: An Application Guide – 376 Dynamic Scheduling Strategies for an Adaptive, Asynchronous Parallel Global Optimization Algorithm – 356

SEALS (STOPPERS) Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honeycomb Conical Seal Panel – 60 SEARCHING HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices – 440 SEAS Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An MIT Security Studies Program Conference – 124 Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal Occurrence, Habitat Associations and Interactions with Ocean Dynamic Features – 411 SECONDARY FLOW Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Through Nonaxisymmetric Hoppers – 144 SECURITY Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Circuits – 325 Aviation Security-Related Findings and Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission – 7

Interchange Arguments in Stochastic Scheduling – 380

Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: 9/11 Commission Recommendations and Related Issues – 260

Optimal Scheduling with Strict Deadlines – 380

Border Security: The Role of the U.S. Border Patrol – 150

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Steps Remain in Incorporating Lessons Learned from Other Satellite Programs – 445

Results From Use of an Integrated Schedule for Drawing Development and Equipment Procurement (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325

Defining Incident Management Processes for CSIRTs: A Work in Progress – 322

SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Development and Validation Testbed: Current Progress and Beyond – 55

Support of Mission and Work Scheduling by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276

SATELLITE DESIGN Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Framework – 58

SATELLITE IMAGERY Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 196 SATELLITE OBSERVATION Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satellite Formations for the Purpose of SpaceBased Remote Sensing – 41 SCALARS Observational Signatures and NonGaussianities of General Single Field Inflation – 397 SCALE (RATIO) The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258 SCANNERS Bunch Profiles in RHIC from CNI Polarimeter Target Scans – 407 Fabrication and Characterization of Electric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 SCATTERING NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Optics of Biological Particles. Held in Novosibirsk, Russia on 3-6 Oct 2005 – 416

A-90

SCHOOLS Report of Visit to the Public Health College and Training Center at Gondar, February 22-25, 1961 – 220

Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensitive Information through Bottleneck Monitoring – 438 Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues – 7

Report of Visits to Singapore and Djakarta – 220

Development of Mathematical Models of Immune Networks Intended for Information Security Assurance – 326

Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science According to Bologna Process – 289

Evaluation of the Quality of an Information Security Management System – 289

SCORING Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction, and Estimation – 393 SEA ICE The Polar Sea Ice Aqua/AMSR-E – 170

Cover

from

SEA LEVEL Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Meteorological Parameters STS-1 Through STS-107 – 194 SEALING Acoustic Seal – 412 Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mating Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 144

Government Activities to Protect the Electric Grid – 181 Homeland Security Grant Formulas: A Comparison of Formula Provisions in S. 21 and H.R. 1544, 109th Congress – 167 Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 17 Immigration: Analysis of the Major Provisions of the REAL ID Act of 2005 – 302 Information Sharing for Homeland Security: A Brief Overview – 440 Information Technology (IT) Management: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430 Intrusion Tolerance for Unclassified Networked Systems – 317

Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For Indoor Environmental Quality and Security – 165

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Transformation – 377

Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human Behavior Influence Models – 432

Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124

Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An MIT Security Studies Program Conference – 123 National Security Space Launch Report – 43

SEDIMENTS Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft Sediments: Experimental Evidence and Predictions – 366

National Security Space Policy in the U.S. and Europe. Trends and Choices – 34

Houston-Galveston Navigation Channels, Texas Project: Navigation Channel Sedimentation Study, Phase 1 – 353

OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Worksheets for Systems – 320

SEEDS Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 223

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduction to OCTAVE-S – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example Scenario – 318 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Preparation Guidance – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method Guidelines – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organizational Worksheets – 320 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical Asset Worksheets for Information – 320 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Asset Worksheets for Applications – 319 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical Asset Worksheets for People – 319 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy and Plan Worksheets – 319 Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Drivers – 70 Sustaining Software-Intensive tems – 318

Sys-

System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 433 Techniques for Developing an Acquisition Strategy by Profiling Software Risks – 307 The Interagency Security Committee and Security Standards for Federal Buildings – 167 The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center: Issues for Congress – 221 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Their Value in Security Operations – 20

SEGMENTED MIRRORS Global Radius of Curvature Estimation and Control System for Segmented Mirrors – 166 SEGMENTS Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust Model-Based Segmentation of Microarray Images – 369 Robust Learning and Segmentation for Scene Understanding – 339 Software Architecture of PSET: A Page Segmentation Evaluation Toolkit – 300 SELENIUM GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium Chemoprevention of ProstateCancer – 239 Selenium and Growth – 235

Breast

Cancer

Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer – 205 SELENOGRAPHY Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We Can ‘See’ – 451 SELENOLOGY Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We Can ‘See’ – 451 SEMANTICS A Language sis – 296

for

Semantic

Analy-

IRIS: Integrate, Share – 329

Relate.

Infer.

Semantics, Dialogue, and Reference Resolution – 381 SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS Developing a Methodology for Elaborating a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High Power Laser Diodes – 157 High Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Postprint) – 157 Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode – 156

Photonic Arbitrary Waveform Generation Technology – 159 SEMICONDUCTORS (MATERIALS) Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI Semiconductors – 178 High Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Postprint) – 157 SEMISPAN MODELS Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Sensitivity Analysis of DifferentialAlgebraic Equations and Partial Differential Equations – 281 SENSITIVITY A GPS Receiver Designed for CarrierPhase Time Transfer – 135 Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensitive Information through Bottleneck Monitoring – 438 New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sensitive Equipment Decontamination – 92 Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Commercial GPS Receiver Through Software Approach (Preprint) – 306 The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258 The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Composition Sensitivity to Variations in Source and Process – 173 SENSORS Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System – 140 SENSORY PERCEPTION Self-activating System and Method for Alerting When an Object or a Person is Left Unattended – 140 SENTENCES Sentence Level Information Patterns for Novelty Detection – 438 SENTINEL SYSTEM Initial Technology Assessment for the Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) System – 152 Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Breast Cancer – 205 SEPARATED FLOW An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133 SEQUENCING FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59

A-91

SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS Robust Distributed Discrete-Time Block and Sequential Detection in Uncertain Environments – 362

Shape Representation in V4: Investigating Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Confirmation with the Standard Model of Object Recognition – 252

SEQUENTIAL CONTROL Static Formation Control Using Interspacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48

SHEAR STRENGTH The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes – 102

SERVICES Contract Management: Service Contract Approach to Aircraft Simulator Training Has Room for Improvement – 32 SERVOMECHANISMS System Dynamics and Control System for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator and Fast Tool Servo – 125

SHEAR STRESS Including Nearshore Processes in Phase-Averaged Hydrodynamics Models – 391

SERVOMOTORS Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations – 132

SHIELDING Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge Movement – 177

SEX Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects on Prostate Cancer – 250

SHIP HULLS Automated Blasting & Recovery of Coatings Removed From Ship Hulls – 73

SEYFERT GALAXIES Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449 SHAFTS (MACHINE ELEMENTS) Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation – 165 SHALLOW WATER Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the CM-200 and CM-5 Parallel Supercomputers – 308 Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Supercomputer – 355 The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and Fluorescence Effects – 414 SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS Manufacture and Experimental Analysis of a Concentrated Strain Based Deployable Truss Structure – 33 Smart Structures: Model Development and Control Applications – 400 SHAPED CHARGES Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105 SHAPES Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 Motion Control and Planning for Nonholonomic Kinematic Chains – 342 Representation of Spectral Profiles in the Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple Phases – 412 Robust Point Matching for Non-Rigid Shapes: A Relaxation Labeling Based Approach – 390

A-92

Development of Standard Procedures for Shipboard Print Inspection – 71 SHIPS A Planning Guide - New Technologies in Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Standards (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 366 Adaption of Japanese Prefabrication Priming Procedure to U.S. Shipbuilding Methodology Task 3-79-1 – 70 Applications of Digital Transfer of Computer Aided Design Data for Production Usage (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 Automatic Submerged ARC Welding With Metal Power Additions to Increase Productivity and Maintain Quality – 164 Basic Principles of Industrial Engineering (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 376 Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Versus Complete Coating in Ballast TanksFive Year Report – 71 Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164 Computer-Assisted Methodology for the Determination of the Optimal Number and Location of Tool Sheds (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 379 Computerized Compendium of Standards – 429 Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Castings (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164 Development of a Ship Service Fuel Cell – 181

Development of a Silent Tow System – 408 Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 98 Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA Steels – 102 Feasibility Study: Automated Painting of Pipe Pieces, Hangers, and Other Small Parts: Maximizing Shop Painting Operations Task 3.84.4 – 72 Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Group Technology/Flow Applications Research (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 260 Harnessing Simulation of Naval Shipyards – 304 High Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurgical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 100 Implementation of Advanced Technology in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Workshop Report – 379 Information System Models -- As A Tool for Shipyard Planning and Control (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 432 Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 104 Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mating Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 144 National Shipbuilding Research Program. Performance Testing of Marine Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Procedures – 68 Navy High-Pressure Waterjet ClosedLoop Paint Stripping System (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 73 Novel Techniques and Their Applications for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of Welded Structures (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for Underwater Service (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 71 Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Surface Preparation and Coatings – 73 Results From Use of an Integrated Schedule for Drawing Development and Equipment Procurement (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325

Shell Plate Definition Guide for Ship Designers (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 104 Ship Production Symposium Held in Seattle, Washington on August 24-26, 1988 (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 Ship Squat Predictions for Ship/Tow Simulator – 379 Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 332 Soviet Technique for Estimating PostWelded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 The Application of Intelligent Robotic Systems and Lasers for Manufacturing – 157 The Information Flow Requirements of the Design and Procurement Processes of Shipbuilding Programs – 306 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation Material for Shipboard Piping -- NonHalogenated Polyphosphazene Foam – 68 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufacture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards – 72 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle Measurement for Inclining Experiments – 307 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Evaluation and Improvements – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measurement of Shipboard Piping Using a Portable Coordinate Measuring Machine (PCMM) – 163

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Patrol Boat – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing – 102 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactivation of LNG Tankers: Lessons Learned – 111 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Measuring Systems for Increased Accuracy and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Repair – 311 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Combined Abrasive Recycling and Containment - Final Report With Summary and Conclusions – 67 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Development of Non-Polluting, Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Systems For Ships – 72 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of New Surface Preparation and Coating Repair Techniques in Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of Shipbuilding CAD/CAM Systems (Phase I) – 296 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of Distributive Systems Models. Phase 1 – 172 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Reduced Volume of Spent Abrasive in Open Air Blasting – 67 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 435 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. User’s Guide to Selection of Blasting Abrasives – 74

Tracking System for Automatic Welding. Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip Life for Through-the-Arc Welding System – 163 User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Software (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Feasibility Study (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 329 Work Planning for Shipyard Surface Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A Training Manual) – 100 SHIPYARDS A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Standards (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 367 ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting, Bid Estimating Transfer Study – 75 Harnessing Simulation of Naval Shipyards – 304 Information System Models -- As A Tool for Shipyard Planning and Control (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 432 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards – 72 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 435 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. User’s Guide to Selection of Blasting Abrasives – 74 Work Planning for Shipyard Surface Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A Training Manual) – 100 SHOCK HEATING Postshock Annealing and Postannealing Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chondrites: Implications for the Thermal and Shock Histories of Chondritic Asteroids – 456 SHOCK LOADS Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Chondrites – 191

The National Shipbuilding Research Program)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning Methods and Tooling Evaluation – 98

SHOCK (PHYSIOLOGY) Development of Agents – 234

The Use of Computers in Advancing Group Technology (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 306

SHOCK WAVES Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilibrium Air Plasma – 415

Hemostatic

A-93

SHOPS Labor Standards Application Program, Phase 4 - FY-83, Blast and Paint Shops – 108

Representation of Spectral Profiles in the Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple Phases – 412

SICKNESSES Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224

The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and Fluorescence Effects – 414

Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189 SIGNAL DETECTION Optimal Quantization and Fusion in Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection of Weak Signals in Dependent Noise – 335 SIGNAL PROCESSING Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for Enhanced Signal Processing – 301 Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Radar Signals in the Presence of Noise – 152 Modeling of Block-Based DSP Systems – 292 Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation – 165

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis With Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report – 226 SILICA GLASS High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) – 114 SILICATES A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites – 189 Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and PostAnnealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LLChondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling – 453 Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model Compounds in Structure Control – 84

Multireception Probabilities for FH/SSMA Communications – 336

SILICON CARBIDES Dynamic Compressive Responses and Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics Under High Confinement – 94

Multi-Sensor Correlation and Quantization in Distributed Detection Systems – 154

SILICON FILMS Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for PV Packaging – 184

Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios – 85

SILICON NITRIDES Foreign Object Damage in a GasTurbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials – 27

Robust Stochastic trol – 349

Adaptive

Con-

Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129 Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal Classification – 438 Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 SIGNAL TRANSMISSION EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmission – 126 Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Mitigation – 127 Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2 – 116 Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Safety and Enhancing Situation Awareness in General Aviation Environments – 411 SIGNATURES Observational Signatures and NonGaussianities of General Single Field Inflation – 397

A-94

Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Without Programmers – 309 Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Near-Field Plasma Properties of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 311 Composable Simulations – 305 Development and Validation of Reentry Simulation Using MATLAB – 390 Harnessing Simulation of Naval Shipyards – 304 International Meeting on Medical Simulation (6th), ‘The World of Simulation’ Held in San Diego, California on January 1417, 2006 – 241 Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bundling and Filtration in Large-Scale Distributed Simulations – 136 Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Subsystems for End-to-End Spacecraft Modeling – 38 Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystallization – 96 Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for Luminosity Performance Studies – 422 Multi-Domain Plasma Expansion Simulations Using a Particle-in-Cell Method – 417 Performance, Capacity and Limitations of AMSS Communications – 115 Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module for Rocket Engine and Propulsion System Simulations – 145 Senturion: A Predictive Political Simulation Model – 314 Simulation and Performance of Data Communication using AMSS – 12 Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models for Groundwater Flow and Transport – 352

SILICON III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multijunction Cell – 176

Simulation of Selected Ground-Water Pumping Scenarios at Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia – 142

New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Recombination at Light-Induced BoronOxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174

Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environment for Dynamic Testing of Structures – 448

SIMPLEX METHOD Optimization on Microcomputers: The Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm – 347

Simulation of Weapons Release from Cargo Aircraft – 8

SIMULATION A Notional Battlespace for Simulating and Testing Dynamic Wireless Networks – 374 A Preliminary Study of Heat Strain Using Modelling and Simulation – 256 Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to an Existing Training Simulation – 332 Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine and Surgical Simulation – 230 AFIT UAV Swarm Mission Planning and Simulation System – 18

Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Magnetorheological Fluids – 145 User Manual for EXPRESS, the ‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30, 2006 – 283 Using Videos Derived from Simulations to Support the Analysis of Spatial Awareness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 SIMULATORS Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Simulator for Tracker Performance Assessment – 314

High Accuracy Multidimensional Parameterized Surrogate Models for Fast Optimization of Microwave Circuits in the Industry Standard Circuit Simulators – 108 Measurement of the Propagation Constant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Array (Preprint) – 137 Ship Squat Predictions for Ship/Tow Simulator – 379 Virtual Reality in Denmark – 337 SINE WAVES Estimation of Multiple Sinusoids by Parametric Filtering – 370 SINGAPORE Report of Visits to Singapore and Djakarta – 221 SINGLE EVENT UPSETS Automating the Modeling of the SEE Cross Section’s Angular Dependence – 419 SINGLE STAGE ROCKET VEHICLES A Comparative Analysis of Single-StageTo-Orbit Rocket and Air-Breathing Vehicles – 39 SITE SELECTION Computer-Assisted Methodology for the Determination of the Optimal Number and Location of Tool Sheds (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 379 SITUATIONAL AWARENESS Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Signals to a Covert Tactile Communication System in a Dynamic Environment – 118 Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach – 10 Supporting Situation Assessment through Attention Guidance: A CostBenefit and Depth of Processing Analysis – 259 Using Videos Derived from Simulations to Support the Analysis of Spatial Awareness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 SKIN GRAFTS Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 SKIS Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines – 261 SLAGS The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing – 103 SLEEP DEPRIVATION A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240

Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments – 266 Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep Deprivation – 257 Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness during Sustained Operations – 273 Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment – 272 Support of Mission and Work Scheduling by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276 The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274 SLOTS Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation – 32 Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16 SLUDGE Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental Results – 105 SLURRIES Rehological Characterization of Unusal DWPF Slurry Samples – 65 SMART MATERIALS Partial and Full Inverse Compensation for Hysteresis in Smart Material Systems – 129 SMART STRUCTURES A Systems Engineering Approach to Design a Smart Tool Post Structure – 373

FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Framework for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems – 10 Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern Realizations – 303 Incorporating Active and Multi-DatabaseState Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit – 310 Sustaining Software-Intensive tems – 318 Web-based Open Framework – 299

Tool

Sys-

Integration

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING A Generic Multibody Parachute Simulation Model – 13 Air Vehicle Technology Integration Program (AVTIP) Delivery Order 0015: Open Control Platform (OCP) Software Enabled Control (SEC) Hardware in the Loop Simulation - OCP Hardware Integration – 7 Appraisal Requirements for CMMI, Version 1.2 (ARC, V1.2) – 309 CMMI for 1.2 – 307

Development,

Version

CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: What We Learned – 297 Contingency Software in Autonomous Systems: Technical Level Briefing – 316 ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture for Feedback Control of Software Performance – 296 Event-Based rency – 379

Detection

of

Concur-

Linear Control Theory as Applied to Smart Structures – 372

Evolution of the Configuration Database Design – 291

Smart Structures and Wavelet Based System Identification – 344

Failure Assessment – 315

Smart Structures: Model Development and Control Applications – 400 SMOKE Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inhalation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biomarkers and Time Course of Lung Inflammation – 227 SOCIOLOGY The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258 SODIUM Testing to Evaluate the Suitability of Waste Forms Developed for Electrometallurgically Treated Spent SodiumBounded Nuclear Fuel for Disposal in the Yucca Mountain Repository – 109 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS Csv_to_ZDIFF: A Translator in the CASRED Tool Set, Version 1.4 – 312

Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern Realizations – 303 Investigating the Applicability of Architecture Description in Configuration Management and Software Deployment – 303 MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of Efficient Native Supercomputing for Microsoft Windows Architecture – 288 Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296 RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation – 286 Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) and Final Design Review (FDR) Criteria – 297

Designers and Their Tools: Computer Support for Domain Construction – 311

Spiral System Implementation Methodology: Application of the Knowledge Web and Network-Centric Best Practices – 384

Expressive Threat Detection Validation Framework – 299

Sustaining Software-Intensive tems – 318

Sys-

A-95

System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 433 SOFTWARE RELIABILITY Automated Discovery of Mimicry Attacks – 380 SOIL POLLUTION Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida – 74 SOILS From Sequential Extraction to Transport Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Contaminants – 64 SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Different Energies on the Radiation Hazard from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 SOLAR ACTIVITY Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Extensions with GPS-TEC Observations – 460 SOLAR ARRAYS A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Comparison with Conventional Systems – 35 Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing Mission – 445 Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar Arrays – 41 Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector – 51 SOLAR CELLS 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact – 183

New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, TripleBandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for HighEfficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Systems – 176 New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Recombination at Light-Induced BoronOxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174 Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degradation Studies – 178 Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Solar Cells – 179 Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar Arrays – 41 Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers – 177 Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple Exciton Generation – 178 Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183 Rheological and Mechanical Considerations for Photovoltaic Encapsulants – 182 SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion During Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon – 173 Understanding the Potential and Limitations of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar Cells – 181 SOLAR COLLECTORS Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a StructurallyEfficient, High-Performance, LargeAperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation – 180

A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Comparison with Conventional Systems – 35

New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, TripleBandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for HighEfficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Systems – 176

Dislocation Generation by Thermal Stresses in Si: Modeling and Experiments – 183

Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic Trough Development – 180

Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California. Report for May 2005 to April 2006 – 174 Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge Movement – 177 GA Addition to CIS Limit Its Cell Performance: the Amazing Physics of GrainBoundaries and Killer-Defects in Chalcopyrites – 176

Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Project – 177 SOLAR CORONA Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections: Dominance of the Free Magnetic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Alone – 461 SOLAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion to Robotic and Human Missions in NearEarth Space – 329

III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multijunction Cell – 176

SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California. Report for May 2005 to April 2006 – 174

Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Structure and Bonding – 75

Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic Trough Development – 180

High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175

A-96

Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP Initiative – 176 SOLAR ENERGY Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility – 182 PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic System and Component Certification, Test Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems International Standards – 181 Rheological and Mechanical Considerations for Photovoltaic Encapsulants – 182 Strategic Planning of Communications and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar Energy Technologies Program – 177 SOLAR HEATING Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems Analysis – 182 SOLAR NEBULA Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift in the O Isotopic Composition of the Solar Nebula – 455 Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Chondrites – 189 SOLAR OBSERVATORIES NOAO/NSO Newsletter: Issue 87 – 447 SOLAR POWER SATELLITES Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector – 52 SOLAR RADIO BURSTS Studies of Enhanced Performance of the Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Observation and Space Weather – 448 SOLAR REFLECTORS Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a StructurallyEfficient, High-Performance, LargeAperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation – 180 Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector – 51 SOLAR SAILS PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope Concept and its Applications at Different Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000 Km) – 443 SOLAR TERRESTRIAL INTERACTIONS The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56 SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a StructurallyEfficient, High-Performance, LargeAperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation – 180

Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Project – 177 SOLAR THERMAL PROPULSION A Proposal to Develop and Test a FibreOptic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion System for Microsatellites – 415 SOLID PHASES SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion During Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon – 174 SOLID ROCKET PROPELLANTS Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for Functionally Graded Propellants – 111 SOLID STATE Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419 SOLIDIFIED GASES Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Cargo Industry – 6 SOLIDS Optimization of Training Sets For NeuralNet Processing of Characteristic Patterns From Vibrating Solids – 340 SOLUBILITY Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 223 SOLVENTS Electronic Structure Studies of Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – 93 Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at the Savannah River Site – 110 Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides – 75

SOUND LOCALIZATION A Microphone-Array-Based System for Restoring Sound Localization with Occluded Ears – 137

NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study – 459

The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound Localisation – 409

NASA: Sound Management and Oversight Key to Addressing Crew Exploration Vehicle Project Risks – 423

SOUND PRESSURE Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the Human Head – 410 Experimentation to Address Appropriate Test Techniques for Measuring the Attenuation Provided by Double ANR Hearing Protectors – 410

RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration – 37 Space Shuttle Overview – 45 The Exploration Water Recovery System – 442

SOUND PROPAGATION Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Propagation in Aircraft Noise Prediction – 409

U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in Implementing Aerospace Commission Recommendations, and Remaining Challenges – 425

SOUND TRANSMISSION Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications – 117

SPACE FLIGHT Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insulation for the External Tank Return to Flight – 446

Sound Transmission to Long Ranges in the Ocean – 408 SOUND WAVES A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) – 134 Acoustic Seal – 412 Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the Human Head – 410 Organization of Response Areas in Ferret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220 Representation of Spectral Profiles in the Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple Phases – 412

SPACE INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449 SPACE LAW National Security Space Policy in the U.S. and Europe. Trends and Choices – 34 SPACE MISSIONS Accurate Formation Flying Design and Validation for the Darwin Precursor Demonstration Mission – 50 Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416 Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit – 55

Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Safety and Enhancing Situation Awareness in General Aviation Environments – 411

GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53

Multistatic

SOUNDING ROCKETS Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Vehicles – 47

SPACE NAVIGATION GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space – 46

Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Simulator for Tracker Performance Assessment – 314

SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Demonstrations – 46

SPACE PLATFORMS Spacecraft Platform for Advanced Formation Flying – 62

SPACE COMMUNICATION New Techniques in Space Weather Forecasting – 40

SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assessment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Development of Non-Polluting, Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Systems For Ships – 72 SONAR Benchmark Evaluation of Trackers – 413

SOUND DETECTING AND RANGING At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement Technique and First Results – 387 SOUND FIELDS A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) – 134 SOUND GENERATORS Acoustic Seal – 412

SPACE DEBRIS Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Issues and Solutions – 33 SPACE EXPLORATION Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management – 143

An Algorithm for the Accurate Localization of Sounds – 137

Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Different Energies on the Radiation Hazard from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461

Localization Performance of Real and Virtual Sound Sources – 21

Habitat Design Optimization and Analysis – 452

Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60

SPACE SHUTTLE MISSIONS Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing Mission – 445 SPACE SHUTTLES Characterization of Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Materials for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation – 45 Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage – 37

A-97

High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-onFoam Insulation (SOFI) – 45 Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insulation for the External Tank Return to Flight – 446 Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honeycomb Conical Seal Panel – 60 Space Shuttle Overview – 45 Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Meteorological Parameters STS-1 Through STS-107 – 193 SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis – 387 Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage – 37

SPACECRAFT LAUNCHING National Security Space Launch Report – 43 SPACECRAFT MOTION Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying – 59

SPECTROGRAPHS The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the HST/STIS – 442

SPACECRAFT TRACKING Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strategies for Large DSN Arrays – 46

SPECTROMETERS Beam Dynamics in a Spectrometer for the Polarized Positron Production Experiment – 156

SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORIES Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During Station-Keeping – 35 Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36

Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Meteorological Parameters STS-1 Through STS-107 – 193 SPACE WEAPONS Globalness: Toward a Space Power Theory – 33

SPACE-TIME ADAPTIVE PROCESSING Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabilities of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364

SPACE WEATHER New Techniques in Space Weather Forecasting – 40

SPACING On Periodic Pulse Interval Analysis with Outliers and Missing Observations – 359

SPACEBORNE TELESCOPES GLAST Tracker – 446 SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for HighEnergy Astrophysics Mission – 51 The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the HST/STIS – 442 SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATION Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems – 25 SPACECRAFT CONTROL LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Small Flexible Spacecraft Using FreeFree Boundary Conditions – 38 Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies – 47 Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying – 59 The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58 SPACECRAFT DESIGN Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47 GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53 SPACECRAFT DOCKING PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENTS NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 259

A-98

The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound Localisation – 409

SPACECRAFT SHIELDING Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47

SPACECREWS NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 259

Studies of Enhanced Performance of the Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Observation and Space Weather – 447

Representation of Spectral Profiles in the Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple Phases – 412

Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION Combining Spatial Statistical and Ensemble Information in Probabilistic Weather Forecasts – 198 Using Videos Derived from Simulations to Support the Analysis of Spatial Awareness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 SPATIAL FILTERING Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner and Baseline Rotation – 416 SPATIAL RESOLUTION Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission – 53 SPECIFIC HEAT Method and Apparatus for the Portable Identification Of Material Thickness And Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Spatially Controlled Heat Application – 113 SPECIFIC IMPULSE THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) the New Paradigm for Booster Rockets – 42 SPECIFICATIONS An Analysis of Weight Change in Filters – 166 SPECTRAL RESOLUTION Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet FabryPerot Interferometers – 460 SPECTRA Department of Defense Net-Centric Spectrum Management Strategy – 403

SPECTRORADIOMETERS A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers – 112 SPECTROSCOPY Charm Spectroscopy at BABAR – 421 Development of Methods for the RealTime and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Eye – 251 High Resolution Spectroscopy to Support Atmospheric Measurements – 185 Quarkonium bar – 421

Spectroscopy

at

Ba-

Real-Time Process Monitoring by P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Epitaxy – 419 SPECTRUM ANALYSIS Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Mapping Estimator for Frequency Estimation – 350 Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446 SPEECH RECOGNITION Extension of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433 Incremental Parsing with Reference Interaction – 341 Trainable Videorealistic Speech Animation – 153 SPEECH Edge-Splitting in a Cumulative Multimodal System, for a No-Wait Temporal Threshold on Information Fusion, Combined with an Under-Specified Display – 336 Improving Multitalker Speech Communication with Advanced Audio Displays – 121 SPENT FUELS Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 SPHERES Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Controls – 340

SPHEROIDS Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449 SPHEROMAKS Science and Technology Review: Spheromak Plasma Heats Up – 398 SPINE The Role of the NeurofibrominSyndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 235 SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study – 83 SPORES Physical Methods For Inactivating Spores: A Critical Assessment – 399 SPRAYERS A Combined Foam-Spray Model for Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 172 Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral Structures for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence After Prostate Cancer Spray – 209 Modeling Impacts for Cold-Gas Dynamic Spray – 94 On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays – 83 SPREAD SPECTRUM TRANSMISSION Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence and Hybrid Spread Spectrum – 405 Multiple-Access Capability of FrequencyHopped Spread-Spectrum Revisited: An Exact Analysis of the Effect of Unequal Power Levels – 404 Throughput and Packet Error Probability of Cellular Frequency-Hopped SpreadSpectrum Radio Networks – 404 SPREADING The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Composition Sensitivity to Variations in Source and Process – 173 SPREADSHEETS FEA Software for Determination of Residual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes for a Range of Gun Steels With Bauschinger Effect – 104 SQUID (DETECTORS) Identification of Materiel Damage in Two Dimensional Domains Using Squid Based NDE System – 365 SQUIRRELS Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 STABILITY Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Without Programmers – 309

Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for Detecting Incipient Instability – 129 Dissipation Induced Instabilities – 406

STATIONKEEPING Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During Station-Keeping – 35

Guardian Maps and the Generalized Stability of Parametrized Families of Matrices and Polynomials – 392

Station-Keeping Requirements for Astronomical Imaging with Constellations of Free-Flying Collectors – 55

Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Correction Insert Stability Evaluation – 261

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Computer and Internet Use by Students in 2003. Statistical Analysis Report – 282

Language Stability and Stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 383

Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft Sediments: Experimental Evidence and Predictions – 365

Noisy Precursors for Nonlinear System Instability With Application to Axial Flow Compressors – 343

Impact of Diverse Polarisations on Clutter Statistics – 363

Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabilities Within the Positive-DifferentialResistance Regions of Tunneling Devices – 132 Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simulation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tunneling Devices – 132 Stability Results Theory – 395

in

Learning

White Sands Missile Range Urban Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single Building Part 1: Background and Overview – 143 STAINLESS STEELS An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Dynamic Ductile Fracture in Stainless Steel Welds – 103 STANDARD LAUNCH VEHICLES The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program Small Launch Vehicles – 37 STANDARDIZATION A Study for Technology of Controlling Next-Generation Backbone Network – 125 RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation – 286 Standards Database Phase II – 425

Maintenance

STANDARDS NASA Scientific and Technical Information Standards – 433 Progress Toward a Format Standard for Flight Dynamics Models – 30 STATE ESTIMATION On the Effects of the Initial Condition in State Estimation for Discrete-Time Linear Systems – 339 STATIC LOADS Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced CarbonCarbon Bend Test and Analysis for Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Impact Damage Thresholds – 78 STATIC TESTS Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced CarbonCarbon Bend Test and Analysis for Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Impact Damage Thresholds – 78

Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36

Medical Personnel Motivation in One International Mission – 274 Stability Results Theory – 395

in

Learning

Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal Occurrence, Habitat Associations and Interactions with Ocean Dynamic Features – 411 Statistical Analysis of the Nonhomogeneity Detector for Non-Gaussian Interference Backgrounds – 366 WRSM Operations Concept – 200 STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS Confidence Bands for Curves – 330

ROC

Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Mitigation – 127 STATISTICAL TESTS Robust Sequential Tests for Memoryless Discrimination From Dependent Observations – 372 Some Properties of Empirical Risk Minimization Over Donsker Classes – 371 STATISTICAL WEATHER FORECASTING Combining Spatial Statistical and Ensemble Information in Probabilistic Weather Forecasts – 198 STATISTICS Monitoring Employment Conditions of Military Spouses – 368 STEADY STATE Efficient Steady-State Solution Techniques for Variably Saturated Groundwater Flow – 145 STEALTH TECHNOLOGY F-22A Raptor – 22 STEELS Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 98 Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA Steels – 102 FEA Software for Determination of Residual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes for a Range of Gun Steels With Bauschinger Effect – 103

A-99

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Evaluation and Improvements – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Patrol Boat – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Program)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning Methods and Tooling Evaluation – 98 STEERING Steering Policies for Markov Decision Processes Under a Recurrence Condition – 367 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 STIFFNESS Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environment for Dynamic Testing of Structures – 448 STIMULANTS Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in the Operational Environment – 264 Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness during Sustained Operations – 273 Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment – 272 Strategies to Improve Alertness during Extended Deployments – 263 STOCHASTIC PROCESSES A New Large-Scale Global Optimization Method and Its Application to LennardJones Problems – 357 Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme for a Partially Observed Controlled Markov Chain – 357

STRATEGY Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Military Domains – 436 STREAMS Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419 STREPTOCOCCUS Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis With Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report – 226 Transcriptional Analysis of the bgIP Gene from Streptococcus mutans – 229 STRESS ANALYSIS Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Test System at the Outdoor Test Facility – 184 FEA Software for Determination of Residual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes for a Range of Gun Steels With Bauschinger Effect – 103 STRESS CORROSION Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1, 2002-February 28, 2006.) – 87 STRESS (PHYSIOLOGY) Evaluation of the Effects of Multiple Immunizations Administered in a Stressful Environment on Immunologic Function – 255 STRESS (PSYCHOLOGY) A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 Long-Distance Government Flights - A Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat Sorties? – 262 Stress and port – 277

Psychological

Sup-

Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 362

STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS A Preliminary Study of Heat Strain Using Modelling and Simulation – 257

Interchange Arguments in Stochastic Scheduling – 380

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Vehicle Structure Concepts for Mass Optimization – 168

Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering and Associated Random Variables – 362 On the Poisson Equation for Countable Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions and Parameter Dependence by Probabilistic Methods – 346 Robust Stochastic trol – 349

Adaptive

Con-

STOICHIOMETRY Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides – 75 STRAIN RATE Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Fracture – 403

A-100

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Program – 148 Structural Optimization in a Distributed Computing Environment – 382 STUDENTS Computer and Internet Use by Students in 2003. Statistical Analysis Report – 282 How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful Animations for Teaching and Research Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camtasia(TradeMark) – 287

Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science According to Bologna Process – 289 STYRENES Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/PropyleneStyrene Triblock Copolymers – 108 SUBLIMATION Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Cargo Industry – 6 SUBMARINES Radio Transmission Between Two Submerged Submarines – 119 SUBMILLIMETER WAVES SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48 SUBSONIC SPEED Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correlations in Jets – 26 SUBSTRATES Growth and Characterization of Large Diameter CdNzTe Crystals – 138 SULFIDES A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites – 189 Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189 SUN A Proposal to Develop and Test a FibreOptic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion System for Microsatellites – 415 GNC System for the Deployment and Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Interferometer – 443 The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56 SUPERCOMPUTERS International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA) – 284 MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of Efficient Native Supercomputing for Microsoft Windows Architecture – 288 Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the CM-200 and CM-5 Parallel Supercomputers – 308 Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Supercomputer – 355 SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using SuperConducting Magnets – 62 SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Superconducting Photocathodes – 396 SUPERCRITICAL FLOW Hydraulic Design of Channels Conveying Supercritical Flow – 147

SUPERHIGH FREQUENCIES A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Interferometry – 51

SURVEILLANCE A Comparison of Trajectory Determination Approaches for Small UAVs – 22

SUPERNOVA REMNANTS Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) – 448

Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 17

SUPERSONIC FLOW Control of Acoustics and Store Separation in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow – 8

Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduction Systems for Family Maltreatment, Suicidality, and Substance Problems in the USAF – 257

SUPPLYING Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 231

Video Moving Target Indication in the Analysts’ Detection Support System – 153

SUPPORT SYSTEMS Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution Planning and Control – 122

SURVEYS Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Survey 1990-2005 – 248

The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Integrated Human Centric System – 267

Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Processes With Average Cost Criterion: A Survey – 369

Weapons Strengthen nical Data Systems –

Experiences with a Survey Tool for Discovering Network Time Protocol Servers – 323

Acquisition: DOD Should Policies for Assessing TechNeeds to Support Weapon 17

SUPPRESSORS Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes for Breast Cancer – 214 Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer – 210 Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in Recombination – 242

The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 435 Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey Project - Canada – 337

SURFACE FINISHING Work Planning for Shipyard Surface Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A Training Manual) – 100

SURVIVAL Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219

SURFACE PROPERTIES Visual Reference Standards for Weld Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99

Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vascular Endothelium – 249

SURFACE ROUGHNESS EFFECTS Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146 SURFACE ROUGHNESS Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146 SURFACE WATER Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 170 SURFACE WAVES Measurement of the Propagation Constant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Array (Preprint) – 137 SURGERY Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine and Surgical Simulation – 230 SURGES Design of Current Impulse Generator – 131 SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine and Surgical Simulation – 230

SWEDEN Swedish Projects – 11

SWITCHING Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Very Large Time-Constant Circuits – 406 Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor NonFiltering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifiers – 405 Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF for Remotely Controlling LambdaPaths – 126 Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions With Application to Flexible Manufacturing Systems – 382 SYMBOLIC PROGRAMMING Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases – 369 Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements – 337 SYMMETRY An Inverse Eigenvalue Problem With Rotational Symmetry – 390 Gyroscopic tion – 445

Control

and

Stabiliza-

SYMPTOMOLOGY Trauma Symptomatology Among Female U.S. Navy Recruits – 237 SYNAPSES General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252 SYNCHRONISM Dynamic Scheduling Strategies for an Adaptive, Asynchronous Parallel Global Optimization Algorithm – 356 SYNCHRONOUS PLATFORMS Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Additional Action Needed to Incorporate Lessons Learned from Other Satellite Programs – 424 Maneuver Estimation Model for Geostationary Orbit Determination – 38

SWEPT WINGS Slotted Aircraft Wing – 23

SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES Maneuver Estimation Model for Geostationary Orbit Determination – 39

SWINE Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Emulsion – 256

SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR A Comparison of Change Detection Statistics in POLSAR Images – 315

SWITCHES Series Connected Buck-Boost Regulator – 139 Studies on Architecture and Control Technology for Optical Packet Switches – 127 SWITCHING CIRCUITS Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor NonFiltering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifiers – 405 SWITCHING THEORY Wavelength Routing/Optical Switching/Optical Access work – 281

Burst Net-

A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Interferometry – 51 Close Formation Flight of MicroSatellites for SAR Interferometry – 49 Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Control for Satellite Formations – 443 Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission – 117 SYNTHETIC APERTURES High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 51 SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments – 266

A-101

Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Simulator for Tracker Performance Assessment – 314 Development and Testing of a Novel Standard Particle for Performance Verification of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detection Systems – 112 National Shipbuilding Research Program. Performance Testing of Marine Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Procedures – 68 Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 108 Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and Contact Microphones – 121 SYSTEM FAILURES Failure Assessment – 315

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241 Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems Analysis – 182

Event-Based rency – 379

Methods

Detection

First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54 High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 50 Human Factors Considerations for Area Navigation Departure and Arrival Procedures – 11 Joint Capabilities and System-of-System Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution Domains – 312 Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Flow Path and Sampling System – 26 Multidisciplinary Environments: A History of Engineering Framework Development – 317 Performance Results of CMMI-Based Process Improvement – 316

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION Smart Structures and Wavelet Based System Identification – 344

Decision Support Tools – 387

Appraisal Requirements for CMMI, Version 1.2 (ARC, V1.2) – 309

of

and

Concur-

NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5

Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI(SM)) A, Version 1.2: Method Definition Document – 315 Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach – 261 System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 433 Systems Engineering, Acquisition and Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT): Achieving the Promise of Human Systems Integration – 264 Systems of Systems: Scaling Up the Development Process – 327

NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study – 459

Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36

NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375

The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Integrated Human Centric System – 267

NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis – 374 Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375 SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Program – 148 Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI(SM)) A, Version 1.2: Method Definition Document – 315 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING A New Conceptual Framework for NetCentric, Enterprise-Wide, System-ofSystems Engineering – 386 A Systems Engineering Approach to Design a Smart Tool Post Structure – 373 An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis – 387

A-102

The Apollo Expericence Lessons Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust Management – 458

Integration and Application of Human Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: Assessment of Network Centric Warfare Capabilities – 268 Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Correction Insert Stability Evaluation – 261 Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375 Robot Research at Stanford Research Institute – 340 Systems Engineering, Acquisition and Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT): Achieving the Promise of Human Systems Integration – 264 The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned – 278 SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT Sustaining Software-Intensive tems – 319

Sys-

SYSTEMS SIMULATION University-Industry Relations in Hungary: Establishment Scheme of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Information Technology Innovation and Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286 TAKEOFF Energy Index vers – 31

For

Aircraft

Maneu-

TANKS (CONTAINERS) Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Versus Complete Coating in Ballast TanksFive Year Report – 71 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of New Surface Preparation and Coating Repair Techniques in Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67 TARGET ACQUISITION Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? – 333

Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission – 117

Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications – 117

SYSTEMS INTEGRATION An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis – 387

Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Test – 149

An Integrated Virtual Environment System – 302

Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios – 85

Crew Integration and Automation Technologies – 114

Tactile Land Navigation in Night Operations – 260

Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry – 235

TARGET RECOGNITION Discrimination Against Partially Overlapping Interference -Its Effect on Throughput in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Access Channels – 341

Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation for Distributed Sensor Networks and Missile Seeker Systems – 293

Military Space Programs: Issues Concerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Programs – 41

Neural Networks for Sequential Discrimination of Radar Targets – 337 On Robust Continuous-Time Discrimination – 361 Quantization and Fusion for Multi-Sensor Discrimination from Dependent Observations – 383 Verification of a Decision Level Fusion Algorithm Using a Proven ATR System and Measured SAR Data – 352 TARGETS A Bayesian Approach to Predicting an Unknown Number of Targets Based on Sensor Performance – 372 A Comparison of Trajectory Determination Approaches for Small UAVs – 22 Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233 At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement Technique and First Results – 387 Bunch Profiles in RHIC from CNI Polarimeter Target Scans – 407 Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Resveratrol – 239 Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Target for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212 GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium Chemoprevention of ProstateCancer – 238 Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes that Regulate Radiation Responses in Prostate Cancer Cells – 211 Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An MIT Security Studies Program Conference – 123 Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Prostate Cancer – 213 Sensor Management for Fighter Applications – 15 Video Moving Target Indication in the Analysts’ Detection Support System – 153 Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecular Target in Breast Cancer – 229 XIAP as a Molecular Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Prostate Cancer – 209 TASK COMPLEXITY The Effect of Various Display Modalities on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Performance – 266 TAXONOMY A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability Taxonomies – 295 TECHNICAL WRITING NRaD Writing and Editorial Guidelines. Revision 1 – 439

TECHNOLOGIES Model Problems in Technologies for Interoperability: Web Services – 316

Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication – 410

Research and Development of 160 Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Prototype and Related Technologies – 116

Military Speech Communications over Vocoders in Tandem – 331

Science and Technology Review: Spheromak Plasma Heats Up – 398 TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT Information Technology Governance and the Air Force – 325 Initial Technology Assessment for the Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) System – 152 NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study – 459 NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375 Research and Engineering Information Available to the War Fighter – 434 Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Research and Engineering Information Available to the War Fighter – 434 Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Approach to Managing Innovation in the Public Sector – 426 TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems – 25 Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413 Group Technology/Flow Applications Research (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 260

Performance, Capacity and Limitations of AMSS Communications – 115 Public Safety Communications: Policy, Proposals, Legislation and Progress – 119 Vision of the phony – 119

4G

Mobile

Tele-

TELEMEDICINE Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine and Surgical Simulation – 230 Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ultrasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and Emergency Therapeutics – 247 Games for Health 2005 – 430 Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for Detecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies at Remote Military of Native American Health Care Facilities – 231 TELEPHONY Vision of the phony – 120

4G

Mobile

Tele-

TELESCOPES Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416 GLAST Tracker – 446 LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Telescope’s Adaptive Optics System – 363 NOAO/NSO Newsletter: Issue 87 – 447 PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope Concept and its Applications at Different Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000 Km) – 443 The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58

GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53

TELEVISION SYSTEMS Electromechanical Television Systems with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and Synthesis – 131

NASA Technologies for Product Identification – 44

Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130

Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34

TEMPERATURE CONTROL Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28

TELECOMMUNICATION An Emergency Communications Safety Net: Integrating 911 and Other Services – 119 Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Signals to a Covert Tactile Communication System in a Dynamic Environment – 118

ISS Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Project -2006 Update – 80 Operator Functional State Assessment (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle de i’operateur humain) – 256

Decentralized Control and Decentralized Adaptive Control – 384

TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION Post Fire Transient Temperature Distribution in Drum Type Packages – 77

Human Perception and Objective Delay Evaluation of Multimedia Services – 429

Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446

A-103

TEMPERATURE EFFECTS Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correlations in Jets – 26 Effects of Heat Treatment and Formulation on the Phase Composition and Chemical Durability of the EBR-II Ceramic Waste Form – 110 Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Thin Disks – 157 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 TEMPERATURE Examination of the Armagh Observatory Annual Mean Temperature Record, 1844-2004 – 199 TEMPLATES Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers – 177 TENSOR ANALYSIS TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems Using Tensor Methods – 356 TENSORS TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems Using Tensor Methods – 356 TERRAIN Web-Based Graphics for Battlespace Terrain Ownership – 313 TERRESTRIAL PLANETS An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer – 54 Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed – 444

TEST FACILITIES Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Test System at the Outdoor Test Facility – 184 Environmental Assessment (EA): Proposed Carriage Test Facility, Hill Air Force Base, Utah – 186 Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility – 182 PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Small PV Systems Performance Evaluation at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method – 175 TEST STANDS Crew Integration and Automation Technologies – 115 SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Development and Validation Testbed: Current Progress and Beyond – 55 Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 TETHERED SATELLITES Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satellite Formations for the Purpose of SpaceBased Remote Sensing – 41 Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During Station-Keeping – 35 Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36 TETHERING Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satellite Formations for the Purpose of SpaceBased Remote Sensing – 41 Self-activating System and Method for Alerting When an Object or a Person is Left Unattended – 140 Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During Station-Keeping – 35 Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36

Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and Non-Natural Arcs – 49

TEXTS Adding Numbers to Text Classification – 428

TERRORISM Aviation Security-Related Findings and Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission – 7

THAILAND Research and Operational Support for the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal Thai Government – 213

Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues – 7 Government Activities to Protect the Electric Grid – 181

THEOREMS Second Order Search – 389

Behavior

of

Pattern

Terrorism and its Impact on the Construction Industry – 168

THERAPY Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 206

The Interagency Security Committee and Security Standards for Federal Buildings – 167

Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Target for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212

Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Drivers – 70

A-104

Identification of Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast Cancer – 213 Motivational Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use in a Military Population – 244 Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders With Mitochondrial Dysfunction – 228 Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245 Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Prostate Cancer – 213 Protein Transduction Based Therapies for Breast Cancer – 238 Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242 The Clinical Development of Thalildomide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245 Therapy Selection ing – 237

by

Gene

Profil-

XIAP as a Molecular Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Prostate Cancer – 209 THERMAL ANALYSIS Characterization of Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Materials for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation – 45 Thermal Design and Analysis of the Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injector – 93 THERMAL COMFORT Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Wearing New Biological and Chemical Protective Combat Uniforms in MOPP 1 – 276 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY Analysis of Thermal Conductivity in Composite Adhesives – 106 Thermal Conductivity of Composites Under Different Heating Scenarios – 420 THERMAL EMISSION Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62 THERMAL ENERGY Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Flow Path and Sampling System – 26 THERMAL EXPANSION Continued Investigation of Leakage and Power Loss Test Results for Competing Turbine Engine Seals – 162 Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction and Impact – 75

THERMAL INSULATION A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 THERMAL LENSING Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Thin Disks – 158 THERMAL PROTECTION Characterization of Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Materials for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation – 45 THERMAL RESISTANCE Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsulant Formulations at NREL – 175 THERMAL SHOCK Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Chondrites – 191

Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers – 177 Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183 Real-Time Process Monitoring by P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Epitaxy – 419 Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for PV Packaging – 184 Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides – 75 Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumentation Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center – 151 Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35

Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Breccia – 456

THREAT EVALUATION Attack Processes Found on the Internet – 323

Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and PostAnnealing Shock in Ureilites – 188

Development of a Malicious Insider Composite Vulnerability Assessment Methodology – 324

THERMAL STABILITY Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides – 75 THERMAL STRESSES Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain during Manual Work in Cold Weather – 197 Dislocation Generation by Thermal Stresses in Si: Modeling and Experiments – 183 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES A Concise Physical Interpretation of Several Analytical Grueneisen Formulations – 358 Thermal Design and Analysis of the Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injector – 93 THERMODYNAMICS Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Flow Path and Sampling System – 26 THERMOSPHERE Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Venus and Earth – 452 THICKNESS Method and Apparatus for the Portable Identification Of Material Thickness And Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Spatially Controlled Heat Application – 113 THIN FILMS High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175 Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degradation Studies – 178 Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Solar Cells – 179

Development of a Methodology for Customizing Insider Threat Auditing on a Microsoft Windows XP Operating System – 324 Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human Behavior Influence Models – 432 Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Drivers – 70

TIME DEPENDENCE An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing Control Policies and the Dynamic Service-Time Performance of a Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Management Facility – 12 DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Database Server for High-Assurance TimeCritical Applications – 438 Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Thin Disks – 157 TIME DISCRIMINATION On Robust Continuous-Time Discrimination – 361 TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 TIME MEASUREMENT Characterizing the Impact of Precision Time and Range Measurements from Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Network Differential GPS Position Solutions – 125 TIME SERIES ANALYSIS Detecting Periodic Components in a White Gaussian Time Series – 192 Near Real-Time Event Detection & Prediction Using Intelligent Software Agents – 43 TIME SIGNALS Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Radar Signals in the Presence of Noise – 153

Supporting Situation Assessment through Attention Guidance: A CostBenefit and Depth of Processing Analysis – 259

TIMING DEVICES Self-activating System and Method for Alerting When an Object or a Person is Left Unattended – 140

THRUST AUGMENTATION Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Augmented Rocket Nozzle – 145

TITAN ATMOSPHERE Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60

Thermal Design and Analysis of the Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injector – 93

Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446

THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) the New Paradigm for Booster Rockets – 42

TITANIUM ALLOYS Deformation Microstructure in BetaTitanium After Deformation at Low Temperatures – 102

THRUSTORS Micro-Chemical Thruster – 30

Monopropellant

THRUST Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation – 32 THYRISTORS Super Gate Turn-Off Thyristor – 141 TILT ROTOR AIRCRAFT V-22 Osprey Title-Rotor Aircraft – 20 TIME CONSTANT Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Very Large Time-Constant Circuits – 406

Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys – 63 Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI6AL-4V Under Fretting – 99 X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstructure (PREPRINT) – 103 TITANIUM OXIDES Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge Movement – 177

A-105

TITANIUM Deformation Microstructure in BetaTitanium After Deformation at Low Temperatures – 102 Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104 TOLERANCES (MECHANICS) Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of International Space Station Pressure Wall Welds – 167 TOMOGRAPHY Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation – 147

The Clinical Development of Thalildomide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation Material for Shipboard Piping -- NonHalogenated Polyphosphazene Foam – 68 The Risk Assessment of Occupational and Environmental Hazards – 272

Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction Tomography – 208

TOXICOLOGY NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transplacental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in Utero Studies) – 65

TOOLING The National Shipbuilding Research Program)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning Methods and Tooling Evaluation – 98

Probabilistic Methods for Addressing Uncertainty and Variability in Biological Models: Application to a Toxicokinetic Model – 202

TOOTH DISEASES Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm in Young Permanent Teeth – 244

TOXINS AND ANTITOXINS A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253

TOPOLOGY Experiences with a Survey Tool for Discovering Network Time Protocol Servers – 323 TORUSES A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Comparison with Conventional Systems – 35 TOUCH Identification and Control of Haptic Systems: A Computational Theory – 350 Tactile Land Navigation in Night Operations – 260 TOWED BODIES Air Force Aerial Refueling Methods: Flying Boom Versus Hose-and-Drogue – 9 TOWING Development of a Silent Tow System – 409 Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Effects of a Towline Using the Method of Characteristics – 16 TOXIC HAZARDS HFM-057: Biotechnologies for Assessment of Toxic Hazards in Operational Environments – 265 Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Ethical Implications and Human Risk Assessment – 201 TOXICITY Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 223 Initial Technology Assessment for the Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) System – 152 Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Ethical Implications and Human Risk Assessment – 201

A-106

Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219

Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Control for Satellite Formations – 443 Spacecraft Formation Flying near SunEarth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Generation and Adaptive Full-State Feedback Control – 52 Static Formation Control Using Interspacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48 TRAJECTORY CONTROL Application of a Relative Motion Guidance Algorithm to Formation Reassignment – 59 Motion Control and Planning for Nonholonomic Kinematic Chains – 342 TRAJECTORY PLANNING A Hybrid Control Strategy for Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance With NonHolonomic Robots – 389 TRANSDUCERS Partial and Full Inverse Compensation for Hysteresis in Smart Material Systems – 129 TRANSFER FUNCTIONS Addressing the Requirements for RF Photonics – 355 TRANSFERRING Protein Transduction Based Therapies for Breast Cancer – 238

Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224

TRANSFORMERS Predicates and Predicate Transformers for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 383

TRACE ELEMENTS Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and PostAnnealing Shock in Ureilites – 188

TRANSITION METALS Ab-Initio Calculations of Structure and Properties of Nanolaminated MAX Phases – 139

TRACKING (POSITION) Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic Tracking Capability – 387 Benchmark Evaluation of Trackers – 413

Multistatic

Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Simulator for Tracker Performance Assessment – 314 Storage Radar – 150

Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Thin Disks – 157 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY Characterization of Host Phases for Actinides in Simulated Metallic Waste Forms by Transmission Electron Microscopy – 104

TRAFFIC Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bundling and Filtration in Large-Scale Distributed Simulations – 136

TRANSMISSION LINES A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with Integrated TEM Transmission Lines – 129

TRAILING EDGES Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation – 32

Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Code-Division Multiple-Access for HighCapacity Optical Networks – 122

Slotted Aircraft Wing – 23

Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of Optical Signals – 122

TRAINING SIMULATORS Contract Management: Service Contract Approach to Aircraft Simulator Training Has Room for Improvement – 32

New Perspectives for Power Transmission in the European Liberalized Electricity Market and Possible Role of FourPhase Systems – 132

TRAJECTORIES A Comparison of Trajectory Determination Approaches for Small UAVs – 22

Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41

Development and Validation of Reentry Simulation Using MATLAB – 390

TRANSMISSION LOSS Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136

TRANSMISSIVITY Magnetic Field Response Sensor For Conductive Media – 140 TRANSMITTER RECEIVERS Self-activating System and Method for Alerting When an Object or a Person is Left Unattended – 140 TRANSPARENCE Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials – 179 High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) – 114 Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transparent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95 TRANSPLANTATION The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203 TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT Military Airlift: C-17 Aircraft Program – 9 TRANSPORTATION Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Demonstrations – 46 Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Drivers – 70 TRENDS National Security Space Policy in the U.S. and Europe. Trends and Choices – 34 TRIBOLOGY Ab-Initio Calculations of Structure and Properties of Nanolaminated MAX Phases – 139 TRITIUM Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Effects of Burst Properties of Pressure Vessels – 77 Tritium Reservoir Structural Performance Prediction – 77 TRMM SATELLITE Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor Ground Validation for TRMM and GPM – 200 TROPICAL REGIONS CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199

TROUGHS Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a StructurallyEfficient, High-Performance, LargeAperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation – 180 TRUSSES Manufacture and Experimental Analysis of a Concentrated Strain Based Deployable Truss Structure – 33 TSUNAMI WAVES Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in the USA – 432 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes for Breast Cancer – 214 Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Cancer – 227 TUMORS CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Generation of Molecular Probes Capable of Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu Peptide Complex – 247 Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy – 243 GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium Chemoprevention of ProstateCancer – 238 Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer – 210 Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245

Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI6AL-4V Under Fretting – 99 TURBINE ENGINES Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 358 Continued Investigation of Leakage and Power Loss Test Results for Competing Turbine Engine Seals – 161 TURBINES Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161 Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With a Turbine – 28 Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations – 131 TURBOCOMPRESSORS Active Control of Compressor Stall inception: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Approach – 148 Noisy Precursors for Nonlinear System Instability With Application to Axial Flow Compressors – 343 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 146 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 148 TURBOGENERATORS Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 175 TURBOMACHINERY Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turbomachinery Airfoils – 142 TURBULENCE Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular Clouds – 448

Regulation of p53 Activity by ReversibleAcetylation in Prostate Tumor Suppression – 206

Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correlations in Jets – 26

The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in Prostatic Oncogenesis – 207

Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames – 146

Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecular Target in Breast Cancer – 229 TUNABLE FILTERS Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF for Remotely Controlling LambdaPaths – 127 TUNING General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252

Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulonimbus Clouds – 195

Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts – 259

Research and Operational Support for the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal Thai Government – 213

Shape Representation in V4: Investigating Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Confirmation with the Standard Model of Object Recognition – 252

Role of Deep Convection in Establishing the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195

TURBINE BLADES Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Flow Path and Sampling System – 26

Progress in the Development of a Multiphase Turbulent Model of the Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Ammunition Primer – 147 TURBULENT COMBUSTION Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames – 146 TURBULENT DIFFUSION Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames – 146 TURBULENT FLOW Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Premixed Flames – 353 Progress in the Development of a Multiphase Turbulent Model of the Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Ammunition Primer – 147

A-107

TYROSINE cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Cooperate With Estrogen to Promote Estrogen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquitination and Proteolysis in ER Negative Breast Cancers – 251 ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCIES A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 ULTRASONICS Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ultrasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and Emergency Therapeutics – 247 Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for Detecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies at Remote Military of Native American Health Care Facilities – 231 Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction Tomography – 208 ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419 ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and Fluorescence Effects – 415 Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 402 ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer - Shuttle Pallet Satellite (ORFEUS-SPAS) – 447 UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS Development of a Silent Tow System – 409 UNDERWATER VEHICLES High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – 395 UNITED STATES Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: 9/11 Commission Recommendations and Related Issues – 260 Border Security: The Role of the U.S. Border Patrol – 150 Defining Cyberspace as a USA Air Force Mission – 430 GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space – 46 Home Computers and Internet Use in the USA: August 2000. Special Studies. Current Population Reports – 120 Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 17 Information Technology (IT) Management: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430

A-108

Research and Operational Support for the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal Thai Government – 213 Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Approach to Managing Innovation in the Public Sector – 426 The Interagency Security Committee and Security Standards for Federal Buildings – 167 Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in the USA – 432 UNIVERSITIES Report of Visit to the Public Health College and Training Center at Gondar, February 22-25, 1961 – 220 Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296 UNIX (OPERATING SYSTEM) The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing – 286 UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES Vision Based Localization in Urban Environments – 156 UNSTEADY FLOW Active Control of Compressor Stall inception: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Approach – 148 Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28

UROLOGY ATM Heterozygosity and the Development of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Morbidity Following Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer – 238 Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral Structures for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence After Prostate Cancer Spray – 209 USER MANUALS (COMPUTER PROGRAMS) User Manual for EXPRESS, the ‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30, 2006 – 283 USER REQUIREMENTS Spiral System Implementation Methodology: Application of the Knowledge Web and Network-Centric Best Practices – 384 V-22 AIRCRAFT V-22 Osprey Title-Rotor Aircraft – 20 VACCINES Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254 Intra-Prostate ducer – 249

Cancer

Vaccine

In-

Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224

Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Issues for Explosively Formed Penetrators – 1

Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203

Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 146

Research and Operational Support for the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal Thai Government – 213

Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 148 Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module for Rocket Engine and Propulsion System Simulations – 145

Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228 Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224

UPSTREAM A Facilitator Method for Upstream Design Activities with Diverse Stakeholders – 310

VACUUM APPARATUS Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of High-Performance Vacuum Electronic Devices – 434

URANIUM COMPOUNDS Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250

VACUUM SYSTEMS HOM Effects in Vacuum System with Short Bunches – 397

URANIUM OXIDES Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 URANIUM Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 UREILITES Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and PostAnnealing Shock in Ureilites – 188

Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159 VACUUM Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Vauum Decay – 397 Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of High-Performance Vacuum Electronic Devices – 434 VANADIUM ALLOYS Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys – 64

Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI6AL-4V Under Fretting – 99 VAPOR DEPOSITION 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact – 183

Effect of the Forearm Tissue Temperature on the Cold Induced Vasodilation – 198

Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environment for Dynamic Testing of Structures – 448

Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty – 257

Smart Structures and Wavelet Based System Identification – 344

Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Materials Processing Technology – 91

Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to Prevent Local Cold Injuries – 242

Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183

VECTOR ANALYSIS A New Biologically Motivated Framework for Robust Object Recognition – 334

VAPOR PHASE EPITAXY Real-Time Process Monitoring by P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Epitaxy – 420

VECTOR MESONS Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi + pi - Gamma (2S) – 422 VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 405

VAPOR PHASES The Exploration Water Recovery System – 442

Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 196

VAPORIZING On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays – 84

VENTILATION FANS An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans – 408

VAPORS Correlation of Chemical Warfare Surrogate Tests on Air-Permeable Chemical Protective Uniforms – 115 Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Materials Processing Technology – 91 Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Complex Radioactive High Level Radioactive Waste – 97 VARIABILITY Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Dehydrated Rats – 87 Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Sizing – 279 Probabilistic Methods for Addressing Uncertainty and Variability in Biological Models: Application to a Toxicokinetic Model – 202 VARIABLE STARS The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the HST/STIS – 442 VARIABLE SWEEP WINGS A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Joined Wing Scissor Morphing – 2 VARIANCE (STATISTICS) Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis – 376 VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53 VASODILATION Assessment of Local Cold Tolerance of Individuals by using Conventional and Unconventional Methods Based on Observation of CIVD Reactivity – 258

VENUS ATMOSPHERE Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Venus and Earth – 452 VERBAL COMMUNICATION Comment ameliorer la selection et le traitement des messages verbaux? (How to Improve the Selection and Processing of Verbal Messages) – 121 VERTICAL LANDING Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60 Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) ‘Quadrocopter Garmisch 2005’ – 23

Tactile Land Navigation in Night Operations – 260 VIDEO COMMUNICATION Fast Video Stabilization rithms – 361

Algo-

Using Videos Derived from Simulations to Support the Analysis of Spatial Awareness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 VIDEO SIGNALS Video Moving Target Indication in the Analysts’ Detection Support System – 153 VIOLENCE Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduction Systems for Family Maltreatment, Suicidality, and Substance Problems in the USAF – 257 Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Characterize Violence with Varying Confinement – 76 VIRTUAL REALITY An Integrated Virtual Environment System – 302 Localization Performance of Real and Virtual Sound Sources – 21 Swedish Projects – 11 Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey Project - Canada – 337 Virtual Reality in Denmark – 337 VIRUSES Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 231

VERTICAL TAKEOFF Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60

Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry – 235

VERY HIGH FREQUENCIES Advanced Propagation Model (APM) Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern California Desert – 196

NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transplacental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in Utero Studies) – 65

VIBRATION A Systems Engineering Approach to Design a Smart Tool Post Structure – 373 Detecting Periodic Components in a White Gaussian Time Series – 192 Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turbomachinery Airfoils – 142 Optimization of Training Sets For NeuralNet Processing of Characteristic Patterns From Vibrating Solids – 340 Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Control of Transverse Beam Vibrations: Experimental Implementation – 403 Shock and 5 – 428

Vibration

Bulletin.

No.

Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228 VISCOPLASTICITY Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Modelling of Textured Metals and Validation Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Test – 99 VISION Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications – 117 Trainable Videorealistic Speech Animation – 153

A-109

VISUAL FIELDS Attentional Selection for Object Recognition - A Gentle Way – 341 VISUAL OBSERVATION Visual Reference Standards for Weld Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99 VISUAL PERCEPTION Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? – 333 Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Test – 149 Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267

WAKEFULNESS Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in the Operational Environment – 264

Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring System (TAO ITS) – 308

(Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant Combination for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in a Context of Continuous Operations) – 269

Wireless Sensor Network Applications for the Combat Air Forces – 8

Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment – 272 The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274 U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness – 273

VISUAL STIMULI A New Biologically Motivated Framework for Robust Object Recognition – 334

Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267

A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex – 251

WALLS Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of International Space Station Pressure Wall Welds – 167

Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications – 117

Method and Apparatus for the Portable Identification Of Material Thickness And Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Spatially Controlled Heat Application – 113

Object Recognition with Features Inspired by Visual Cortex – 332 VOCODERS Extension of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433 Military Speech Communications over Vocoders in Tandem – 331 Objective Measurement of the Speech Transmission Quality of Vocoders by Means of the Speech Transmission Index – 331 VOICE COMMUNICATION Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications – 117 Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19 Military Speech Communications over Vocoders in Tandem – 331 Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach – 10 VOLCANOLOGY Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 VULNERABILITY A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability Taxonomies – 295 Development of a Malicious Insider Composite Vulnerability Assessment Methodology – 324

A-110

WAR GAMES Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to an Existing Training Simulation – 332 Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Without Programmers – 309

U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness – 273

WARHEADS Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Issues for Explosively Formed Penetrators – 2 WARNING SYSTEMS Components for Cooperative Intrusion Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environments – 317 Design and Sounds in tres – 410

Evaluation of Warning Frigate Control Cen-

Evaluation of the Quality of an Information Security Management System – 289 Self-activating System and Method for Alerting When an Object or a Person is Left Unattended – 140 WASTE DISPOSAL Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past Production of Nuclear Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress – 186 Screening Evaluations for Upland Confined Disposal Facility Effluent Quality – 84 WASTE WATER Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Final Report – 87

WARFARE Application of the Strategic Alignment Model and Information Technology Governance Concepts to Support Network Centric Warfare – 323

Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis – 376

Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Without Programmers – 309

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 435

Course Curriculum Development for the Future Cyberwarrior – 431 Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Land Combat Study – 277 Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 Integration and Application of Human Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: Assessment of Network Centric Warfare Capabilities – 268 Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An MIT Security Studies Program Conference – 123 Research and Engineering Information Available to the War Fighter – 434 Scalability, Accountability and Instant Information Access for Network-Centric Warfare – 293

Fluidized Bed cess – 86

Biodenitrification

Pro-

WATER COLOR In-Orbit Vicarious Calibration for Ocean Color and Aerosol Products – 201 WATER FLOW Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models for Groundwater Flow and Transport – 352 Simulation of Selected Ground-Water Pumping Scenarios at Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia – 142 WATER HEATING Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems Analysis – 182 WATER POLLUTION The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 436

WATER QUALITY Screening Evaluations for Upland Confined Disposal Facility Effluent Quality – 84 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries – 435 WATER RECLAMATION The Exploration Water Recovery System – 442 WATER TREATMENT Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 231

Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 169 Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Infrared Spectrum of Liquid MethanolWater Mixtures – 82 Operator Functional State Assessment (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle de i’operateur humain) – 256 Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129

Weapons Strengthen nical Data Systems –

Acquisition: DOD Should Policies for Assessing TechNeeds to Support Weapon 17

WEAR Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI6AL-4V Under Fretting – 100 WEATHER FORECASTING New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Weather-Related Accidents – 24

WAVE EQUATIONS A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) – 134

The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Verification – 358

WAVE GENERATION High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of BBELF Turbulence – 417

WEATHERING A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites – 189

WRSM Operations Concept – 200

WAVE PROPAGATION Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the Human Head – 410

Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189

Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89

High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) – 114

WEATHER A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers – 112

Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 402

Measurement of the Propagation Constant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Array (Preprint) – 137

New Techniques in Space Weather Forecasting – 40

WATER VAPOR Role of Deep Convection in Establishing the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195

Propagation of Detonation Waves in Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust Tube – 27

WEIGHTLESSNESS Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environment for Dynamic Testing of Structures – 448

Electrochemically Generated Oxidant Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 88

The Exploration Water Recovery System – 442 WATER WAVES Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Transformation – 377

Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilibrium Air Plasma – 415 WAVEFORMS Photonic Arbitrary Waveform Generation Technology – 159

Wave Climate and Wave Response, Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii – 385

WAVEGUIDES Measurement of the Propagation Constant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Array (Preprint) – 137

WATERSHEDS Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration – 354

WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING Advanced Lightpath Establishment for Distributed Computing – 317

WATER Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 223 Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 231 Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems Analysis – 182 Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames – 87 Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and Water/NaOH Solutions – 352

WAVELET ANALYSIS Affine Frames of rational Wavelets in H2(II+) – 396 Energy Distribution Analysis of Impact Signals Based on Wavelet Decompositions – 345 Identification of Infinite Dimensional Systems via Adaptive Wavelet Neural Networks – 338 Smart Structures and Wavelet Based System Identification – 344 Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal Classification – 438 WEAPON SYSTEMS Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited – 441 Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129

WELD STRENGTH The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes – 102 WELDABILITY Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 98 Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA Steels – 102 WELDED JOINTS Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of International Space Station Pressure Wall Welds – 167 An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Dynamic Ductile Fracture in Stainless Steel Welds – 103 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Evaluation and Improvements – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98

A-111

Visual Reference Standards for Weld Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99 WELDED STRUCTURES Novel Techniques and Their Applications for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of Welded Structures (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 163 WELDING Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164 Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA Steels – 102 High Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurgical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 100 Novel Techniques and Their Applications for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of Welded Structures (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 Soviet Technique for Estimating PostWelded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98 Tracking System for Automatic Welding. Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip Life for Through-the-Arc Welding System – 163 WHALES Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Impact Models – 412 WHITE NOISE Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for Detecting Incipient Instability – 129 On the Effects of the Initial Condition in State Estimation for Discrete-Time Linear Systems – 339 WIDE AREA NETWORKS A Smart Web Platform for Telematics Services Toward Ubiquitous Environments – 324 Advanced Lightpath Establishment for Distributed Computing – 317

WIND DIRECTION Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 196

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Source Authentication for Multicast in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks – 318

Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Meteorological Parameters STS-1 Through STS-107 – 193

Wireless Sensor Network Applications for the Combat Air Forces – 8

Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 WIND EFFECTS Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frostbite during Exposure to Cold Winds – 197

WIND TUNNEL TESTS A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Joined Wing Scissor Morphing – 2

WOOD Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 109

WIND TUNNELS An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133

WORKLOADS (PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY) Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments – 266

WIND (METEOROLOGY) Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 197

WIND VELOCITY Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 196 Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Meteorological Parameters STS-1 Through STS-107 – 193 Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 WING FLAPS Experimental Investigation of the Aerodynamic Ground Effect of a Tailless Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing Flaps – 2 WINGLETS Performance Analysis of a Wing With Multiple Winglets – 3 WINGS A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Joined Wing Scissor Morphing – 2 Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1 Experimental Investigation of the Aerodynamic Ground Effect of a Tailless Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing Flaps – 2 Performance Analysis of a Wing With Multiple Winglets – 3

Efficiently Distributing ComponentBased Applications Across Wide-Area Environments – 295

Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced CarbonCarbon Bend Test and Analysis for Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Impact Damage Thresholds – 78

How to Use FASTLANEs to Protect IP Networks – 328

Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16

Scalability, Accountability and Instant Information Access for Network-Centric Warfare – 293

WINTER A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270

WIGGLER MAGNETS Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407

Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty – 257

A-112

WIRE Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 109

Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload Analysis – 6 (Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant Combination for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in a Context of Continuous Operations) – 269 Long-Distance Government Flights - A Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat Sorties? – 262 Medical Personnel Motivation in One International Mission – 274 Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262 Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach – 10 Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 WORLD WIDE WEB eReadiness of cesses – 287

Business

Pro-

Model Problems in Technologies for Interoperability: Web Services – 316 X RAY ASTRONOMY Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission – 450 X RAY DETECTORS Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission – 450 X RAY SOURCES A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System – 287 Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) – 448

X RAY TELESCOPES Design of the GNC System for a New Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope – 414 Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit – 55 X RAY TIMING EXPLORER X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity – 450 X RAYS Digital Radiography – 407 Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation – 147 Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407

Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449 X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstructure (PREPRINT) – 103 XENON Xenon Feed System Progress – 93 XYLENE Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Pigs – 66 YAG LASERS Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral Structures for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence After Prostate Cancer Spray – 209

YARNS Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 YIELD STRENGTH Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA Steels – 102 ZINC SELENIDES Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Thin Disks – 158 ZINC Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for Underwater Service (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 71 Zinc Deficiency and Microtubule Function in Prostate Cells – 211

A-113

Personal Author Index AbadiadeBarbara, Hernandez Medical Personnel Motivation in One International Mission – 274 Abbas, M. M. Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450 Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446 Abbott, Terence S. Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4 Abdelzaher, Tarek F ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture for Feedback Control of Software Performance – 296 Abdollahian, Mark Senturion: A Predictive Political Simulation Model – 314 Abe, T. Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment – 449 Abed, E H Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36 Abed, Eyad H Active Control of Compressor Stall inception: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Approach – 148 Application of Center Manifold Reduction to System Stabilization – 392 Bifurcation Control of Chaotic Dynamical Systems – 385 Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for Detecting Incipient Instability – 129 Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases – 369 Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359 Guardian Maps and the Generalized Stability of Parametrized Families of Matrices and Polynomials – 392 Linear Feedback Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems with an Uncontrollable Critical Mode – 393 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 146 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 148 Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-ofAttack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation Control – 31 On Stabilization with a Prescribed Region of Asymptotic Stability – 392

Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During Station-Keeping – 35 Abel, Amy Government Activities to Protect the Electric Grid – 181 Abel, Sharon M Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Military Personnel – 187 Abel, Tom SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48 Abelev, Andrei V Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft Sediments: Experimental Evidence and Predictions – 365

Achterberg, R. K. Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446 Ackerman, A. S. Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulonimbus Clouds – 195 Ackerman, Andrew S. CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Role of Deep Convection in Establishing the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195

Abelev, Andrei A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Prediction – 365

Acker-Mills, Barbara Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and Contact Microphones – 121

Abendin, Kazi Sarwar Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Signal Processing – 125

Ackleh, A S A Finite Difference Approximation for a Coupled System of Nonlinear SizeStructured Populations – 353

Abens, S Development of a Ship Service Fuel Cell – 181 Abiecunas, J. Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California. Report for May 2005 to April 2006 – 174 Abot, Esteban Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224 Abot, S Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203

Adams, Catherine A. Human Factors Considerations for Area Navigation Departure and Arrival Procedures – 11 Adams, Ian S Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195 Adams, J. H., Jr. Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Different Energies on the Radiation Hazard from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 Adams, M. L. Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discretization of the Diffusion Equation for Arbitrary Polyhedral Grids – 290

Abraham, Jerrold L Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program – 240

Adams, Swann A Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast Cancer Among Women by Ethnicity – 209

Abramczyk, G. A. General Purpose Fissile Package, A Replacement for the 6M Specification Package – 76

Adams, T. M. Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys – 63

Abramson, Mark A Pattern Search Methods in the Presence of Degeneracy – 362 Pattern

Adelstein, J. Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility – 182

Abuert, B. Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime to eta prime K* – 397

Small PV Systems Performance Evaluation at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method – 175

Abu-Shama, J. Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Solar Cells – 179

Adomaitis, Raymond A Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 146

Second Order Search – 389

Behavior

of

B-1

Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 148 Afsari, Bijan Gradient Flow Based Matrix Joint Diagonalization for Independent Component Analysis – 389 Agnes, Job Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Ahmad, Khalil Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195 Ahroon, William Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and Contact Microphones – 121 Ahuja, Vineet Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Ainsworth, Robert J. Energy Index For vers – 30

Aircraft

Maneu-

Ainsworth, T L A Comparison of Change Detection Statistics in POLSAR Images – 314 Alazard, Daniel Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Framework – 58 Alberts, Chris Defining Incident Management Processes for CSIRTs: A Work in Progress – 322 Alberts, Christopher OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Worksheets for Systems – 320

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy and Plan Worksheets – 319 Albin, D. S. Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degradation Studies – 178 Alburty, David S Development and Testing of a Novel Standard Particle for Performance Verification of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detection Systems – 112 Alexander, M A Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 Alexandrov, Natalia M. Decision Support Tools – 387 Alfriend, Kyle T. Semimajor Axis gies – 53

Methods

Estimation

and

Strate-

Algar, Chris Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation – 147 Alharbi, Mohammed A Fast Video Stabilization rithms – 361

Algo-

Alhorn, Dean C. Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation – 165 Alhossaini, Maher A Computing Trust from Revision History – 435 Allan, James Combining Evidence from Homologous Datasets – 437

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduction to OCTAVE-S – 321

Alleman, J. L. Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials – 179

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example Scenario – 318

Allen, Carl C. Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We Can ‘See’ – 451

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Preparation Guidance – 321

Allen, Carl Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guidebook – 444

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method Guidelines – 321

Allen, Carlton C. Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitability of Ancient Mars – 458

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organizational Worksheets – 320 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical Asset Worksheets for Information – 320 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Asset Worksheets for Applications – 319 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical Asset Worksheets for People – 319

B-2

Allen, James Incremental Parsing with Reference Interaction – 341 Semantics, Dialogue, and Reference Resolution – 381

Allen, Ronald J. Station-Keeping Requirements for Astronomical Imaging with Constellations of Free-Flying Collectors – 55 Allen, Ron SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48 Alsing, P M Innovative Concepts for SSA Applications – 33 Altenburg, D. Charm Spectroscopy at BABAR – 421 Altendorf, Eric KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330 Altenkirch, Robert A Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity – 141 Ames, Bruce N Zinc Deficiency and Microtubule Function in Prostate Cells – 211 Ames, R Performance Analysis of a Wing With Multiple Winglets – 3 Amidan, Brett G. Energy Index vers – 30

For

Aircraft

Maneu-

Amir, Yair Scalability, Accountability and Instant Information Access for Network-Centric Warfare – 293 Amoroso, Paul J The Human Volunteer in Military Biomedical Research (Military Medical Ethics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) – 241 Amzajerdian, Farzin Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode – 156 Anaya, Elizabeth Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218 Anderberg, M. Recent Revisions to PVWATTS – 180 Andersen, Bill Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements – 337 Anderson, K D Advanced Propagation Model (APM) Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern California Desert – 196

Skeletons in the Parser: Using a Shallow Parser to Improve Deep Parsing – 336

Anderson, Murray B A Comparison of Trajectory Determination Approaches for Small UAVs – 22

Allen, Phillip A. Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of International Space Station Pressure Wall Welds – 167

Anderson, William Joint Capabilities and System-of-System Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution Domains – 312

Andrews, Anthony Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past Production of Nuclear Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress – 186 Ankersen, F. GNC System for the Deployment and Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Interferometer – 443 Annamalai, K. Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419

Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions With Application to Flexible Manufacturing Systems – 382 Araujo, Joao Design and Implementation of Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Separated Space Interferometry – 442 Arbinger, Christian Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Control for Satellite Formations – 443 Arcara, Phil NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375

Annaswamy, Anurudha M Identification and Control of Haptic Systems: A Computational Theory – 350

Arevalo-Herrera, Myriam Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224

Ano, V. System of Nanosecond 280-kevVHe(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418

Arledge, Thomas K. Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1

Anttonen, Hannu A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 Anwar, A F Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors and its Implications – 136 Aoyama, Tomonori Wavelength Routing/Optical Switching/Optical Access work – 281

Burst Net-

Apostolova, T Innovative Concepts for SSA Applications – 33 Appleman, Bernard R National Shipbuilding Research Program. Performance Testing of Marine Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Procedures – 68 The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Combined Abrasive Recycling and Containment - Final Report With Summary and Conclusions – 67 Appleton, William Feasibility Study: Automated Painting of Pipe Pieces, Hangers, and Other Small Parts: Maximizing Shop Painting Operations Task 3.84.4 – 72 Apte, Aruna U Total Ownership Cost Reduction Case Study: AEGIS Microwave Power Tubes – 134 Arai, Nahoko A Study for Technology of Controlling Next-Generation Backbone Network – 125 Arapostathis, Aristotle Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme for a Partially Observed Controlled Markov Chain – 357 Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Processes With Average Cost Criterion: A Survey – 369

Arora, Shilpi Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes that Regulate Radiation Responses in Prostate Cancer Cells – 211 Arves, Joe Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Vehicles – 47 Asal, Nabih R Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and Mortality in Black and White Men in the Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties – 208 Ashburn, Chris Turbulence and mountain wave conditions observed with an airborne 2-micron lidar – 24 Asher, S. Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface Analysis PV Research – 179 Ashiabor, Senanu NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 Astafleva, Marina Fossil Microorganisms chaean – 168 Athans, Michael Robust Stochastic trol – 349

in

Ar-

Adaptive

Con-

Attia, Sylvain An Overview of CNES Strategy and Activities on Formation Flying – 57 Aubert, B. Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g K+K+K- – 420 Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o) Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422

Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar c) Production Near Square root of s+ 10.6 GeV – 422 Austin, John K Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14 Austin, M A Structural Optimization in a Distributed Computing Environment – 382 Austin, Mark Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body Systems – 364 Avila, Nuno Design and Implementation of Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Separated Space Interferometry – 442 Axelrad, Penina Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Relative Motion – 54 Ayala, Victor Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228 Azofra-Garcia, J. Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 270 Azzellino, Arianna Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal Occurrence, Habitat Associations and Interactions with Ocean Dynamic Features – 411 Babushok, V Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Blends of Inert and Catalytic Agents – 91 Bacelli, Francois Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering and Associated Random Variables – 362 Bacon, D J Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Bacsa, Laszlo University-Industry Relations in Hungary: Establishment Scheme of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Information Technology Innovation and Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286 Bai, Feng Suppression of Prostate Cancer by PTEN and p18INK4c – 218 Baik, Hojong NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5

Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi + pi - Gamma (2S) – 422

Bailey, David A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability Taxonomies – 295

Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in BaBar – 401

Bailey, Larry A Human Factors Review of the Operational Error Literature – 5

B-3

Bailey, Matt Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propagation and Global Modeling – 194

Banerjee, Partha P Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Hexaphosphate – 230

Banks, Scott A. A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System – 287

Bailey, Susan Screening Evaluations for Upland Confined Disposal Facility Effluent Quality – 84

Banker, John G The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Patrol Boat – 101

Bannochie, C. J. Analytical Results of DWPF Glass Sample Taken During Filling of Canister S01913: Summary Report – 105

Bailey, T. S. Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discretization of the Diffusion Equation for Arbitrary Polyhedral Grids – 290 Bajd, Tadej Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 Bajrovic, Fajko Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 Baker, David A DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Database Server for High-Assurance TimeCritical Applications – 438 Baker, Eva L CRESST Human Performance Knowledge Mapping System – 302 Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Performance: Predicting Shooting Performance with Advanced Distributed Learning Assessments – 301 Baker, Nathaniel R. Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode – 156 Balabdaoui, Fadoua Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Sharpness – 368 Balewski, Lukasz High Accuracy Multidimensional Parameterized Surrogate Models for Fast Optimization of Microwave Circuits in the Industry Standard Circuit Simulators – 108 Balkin, Thomas J. Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment – 272 Ballou, W R Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 Balzar, D. Dislocation Generation by Thermal Stresses in Si: Modeling and Experiments – 183 Balzer, Robert AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing, Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptivity and Trust Management – 384 Bambrick, Linda L Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders With Mitochondrial Dysfunction – 228 Bane, K. Elliptically Polarized Modes in RF Cavities – 401

B-4

Banker, John The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Evaluation and Improvements – 101 Banks, H T A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) – 134 A Finite Difference Approximation for a Coupled System of Nonlinear SizeStructured Populations – 353 Analysis of Blocks – 110

Bonded

Elastic

Analysis of Thermal Conductivity in Composite Adhesives – 106 Approximation Methods for Inverse Problems Governed by Nonlinear Parabolic Systems – 347 Identification of Materiel Damage in Two Dimensional Domains Using Squid Based NDE System – 364 Modeling and Computation of Propagating Waves from Coronary Stenoses – 409 Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107 Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Nonlinear Elastomers – 106 Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and Compensators: A State-Dependent Riccati Equation Approach – 355

Bao, Xinlong KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330 Baranick, Michael Senturion: A Predictive Political Simulation Model – 314 Baras, J S Identification of Infinite Dimensional Systems via Adaptive Wavelet Neural Networks – 338 Baras, John S A Continuous-Time Distributed Version of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing Problem – 341 Barate, R. Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g K+K+K- – 420 Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o) Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422 Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi + pi - Gamma (2S) – 422 Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime to eta prime K* – 397 Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in BaBar – 401 Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar c) Production Near Square root of s+ 10.6 GeV – 422 Barbaritis, Joseph K Xenon Feed System Progress – 92

Probabilistic Methods for Addressing Uncertainty and Variability in Biological Models: Application to a Toxicokinetic Model – 202

Barbu, Costin A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Prediction – 365

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Control of Transverse Beam Vibrations: Experimental Implementation – 403

Barhydt, Richard Human Factors Considerations for Area Navigation Departure and Arrival Procedures – 11

Real-Time Process Monitoring by P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Epitaxy – 419

Barikmo, H. O. PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic System and Component Certification, Test Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems International Standards – 181

Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 Remarks on Uncertainty Assessment and Management in Modeling and Computation – 348 Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Magnetorheological Fluids – 145 Thermal Conductivity of Composites Under Different Heating Scenarios – 420

Barillot, Marc First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54 Barklow, T. Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detectors – 401

Barlat, F Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Modelling of Textured Metals and Validation Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Test – 98 Barley, Sarah Micro-Chemical Thruster – 29

Monopropellant

Barmore, Bryan E. Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4 Barnes, Bruce W. Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode – 156 Barnes, J H Modeling and Computation of Propagating Waves from Coronary Stenoses – 409 Barrena, Valentin A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Barrios, A E Advanced Propagation Model (APM) Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern California Desert – 196 Barthelmess, Paulo Edge-Splitting in a Cumulative Multimodal System, for a No-Wait Temporal Threshold on Information Fusion, Combined with an Under-Specified Display – 336 Barto, R Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34 Bartos, Dusan Long-Distance Government Flights - A Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat Sorties? – 262 Bartsch, Lynn A Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake – 85 Barwick, S. W. Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos via Coherent Radio Emission – 420 Bass, Ellen J. Using Videos Derived from Simulations to Support the Analysis of Spatial Awareness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 Bass, Samuel D The Challenges of Information Management in the Networked Battlespace: Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and the Warfighter – 431 Bassan, David M. Methodological Issues when Assessing Dismounted Soldier Mobility Performance – 264

Basso, T. S. PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic System and Component Certification, Test Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems International Standards – 181 Bastille, Amy M Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Dehydrated Rats – 87

Beckinger, Robert C DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Database Server for High-Assurance TimeCritical Applications – 438 Bednarcik, Peter Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Status Markers after their Homecoming – 271

Bate, P S Deformation Microstructure in BetaTitanium After Deformation at Low Temperatures – 102

Beech, Theresa FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59

Batejat, Denise Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man – 276

Beerends, John G Extension of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433

Battaglia, M. Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detectors – 401

Beidleman, Scott W GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space – 46

Baudou, J Double protection passive pour les equipages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Concept et etude experimentale (Design and Experimental Study of the Passive Double Hearing Protection for the Crew of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411

Beisler, Karen L Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 86

Baughman, Ray H. Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79

Bell, J Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111

Baumgardt, Douglas Investigation of Factors Affecting the Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ratio Discriminant – 370

Belmonte, M Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203

Bavari, Sina Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219 Baxley, Brian T. Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4 Bazant, Zdenek P Scaling of Energy Absorption in Composites to Enhance Survivability – 79 Beard, M. C. Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple Exciton Generation – 178 Bearden, David M Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past Production of Nuclear Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress – 186

Bell, Doug G. The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274

Beloglavec, Simon Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern Realizations – 303 Beltran, Thomas A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240 Bembry, Joliet Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors – 216 Bench, Graham Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 Benda, Petr Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Environment – 333

Beaumont, Maurice Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man – 276

Bender, Robert L Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measurements of a Dismount With RocketPropelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at Ka-Band – 149

(Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant Combination for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in a Context of Continuous Operations) – 269

Benford, Dominic SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48

B-5

Bennett, John G Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to Xpatch – 313

Berry, C. J. Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96

Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. Foreign Object Damage in a GasTurbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials – 26

Bennett, Jr , Hollis H Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Detection System Developed by Geophysical Solutions – 153

Berry, Patrick A Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Thin Disks – 157

Bhattacharjee, Apurba K A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241

Berryman, Johnathan F. Application of a Relative Motion Guidance Algorithm to Formation Reassignment – 59

Bhattacharjee,, Apurba Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254

Benowitz, Edward Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed – 444

Besnard, Eric RLV Flight Operations Demonstration with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle (PREPRINT) – 63

Bhattacharjee, Subrata Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity – 141

Benton, P J The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Particle Study – 222

Best, D. R. Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental Results – 105

Bhattacharya, Partha P Optimal Scheduling with Strict Deadlines – 380

Benoit, Suc Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411

Ben-Zvi, I. Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 Berenstein, Carlos A Effective Bezout Q[z1,...,Zn] – 349

Identities

in

Range of the k-Dimensional Radon Transform in Real Hyperbolic Spaces – 393 Berge, S. Spacecraft Platform for Advanced Formation Flying – 62 Berge, Sten E. Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO – 57 Berger, R C Houston-Galveston Navigation Channels, Texas Project: Navigation Channel Sedimentation Study, Phase 1 – 353 Bergey, John Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296

Bethel, W. HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices – 440 Bettin, William Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 231 Electrochemically Generated Oxidant Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 88 Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 402 Bevilacqua, Richard Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413

Bhattacharya, R. High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175 Bhattacharyya, Shuvra S Modeling of Block-Based DSP Systems – 292 Bhowmick, Neil A Identify the Impact of TGF-Beta Signaling on the Stroma in the Progression of Prostate Cancer – 234 Bibler, N. E. Analytical Results of DWPF Glass Sample Taken During Filling of Canister S01913: Summary Report – 105 Bihari, Kathleen L Analysis of Thermal Conductivity in Composite Adhesives – 106 Bilcikova, Erika Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224 Bileschi, Stan Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vision Systems – 337

Berkovitz, Dustin S. SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Development and Validation Testbed: Current Progress and Beyond – 55

Bevilacqua, Vicky L Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL – 95

Bermudez, Manuel E. A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System – 287

Bewley, William L CRESST Human Performance Knowledge Mapping System – 302

Bileschi, Stanley Combining Variable Selection with Dimensionality Reduction – 371

Bernstein, Norman P Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41

Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Performance: Predicting Shooting Performance with Advanced Distributed Learning Assessments – 301

Bingham, Rick Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to an Existing Training Simulation – 332

Berrocal, Veronica J Combining Spatial Statistical and Ensemble Information in Probabilistic Weather Forecasts – 198 Berrocal, Veronica The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Verification – 358

B-6

Beyer, F L Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/PropyleneStyrene Triblock Copolymers – 108 Beyerle, Peter Frequency Selective Materials for Control of Radiated Emissions and Interference Suppression, Phase 2 – 149

Bileschi, Stanley M StreetScenes: Towards Scene Understanding in Still Images – 335

Birchenough, Arthur G. Series Connected Buck-Boost Regulator – 139 Birman, V Soviet Technique for Estimating PostWelded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162

Bishop, John The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 Bishop, Matt A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability Taxonomies – 295 Bishop, Morgan Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Free Codes – 217 Bishop, Robert H. Navigation Algorithms for Formation Flying Missions – 52 Bjoerk, Martin Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO – 57 Bjorn, Valerie S Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Personnel – 20 Blain, Andrew SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48 Blair, Patrick J Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218 Blair, Peter L Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224 Blake, Dan Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For Indoor Environmental Quality and Security – 165 Blanchard, Jr, E E Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Blandford, R. D. Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449 Blank, Jeffery C Numerical Simulations of the Fish Passage Facilities at Lower Granite Dam – 386 Blanton, P. S. General Purpose Fissile Package, A Replacement for the 6M Specification Package – 76 Bloch, Anthony Dissipation Induced Instabilities – 406 Bloch, Laurent Energy Index vers – 30

For

Aircraft

Maneu-

Blok, H. E. Flexible and Scalable Digital Library Search – 281

Blomquist, Paul A The National Shipbuilding Research Program)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning Methods and Tooling Evaluation – 98

Bolkman, Christopher Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues for Congress – 158

Bo, Li The Immersed Interface Method for Elasticity Problems with Interfaces – 400

Bombardelli, Claudio SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48

Boardman, J. Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 450 Boardman, Joe Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 Boatz, Jerry A Electronic Structure Studies of High Energy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) – 93 Electronic Structure Studies of Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – 93 Bodin, Per Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO – 57 Boeder, P. Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47 Boehmer, Wolfgang Evaluation of the Quality of an Information Security Management System – 289 Bogard, D. D. Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Events on the LL Parent Body – 455 Bogue, Rodney Turbulence and mountain wave conditions observed with an airborne 2-micron lidar – 24 Bolender, Michael A Application of Piecewise Linear Control Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle Guidance and Control – 40 Bolkcom, Christopher Air Force Aerial Refueling Methods: Flying Boom Versus Hose-and-Drogue – 9 Air Force Aerial Refueling – 10 Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia: Potential Implications – 23 F-22A Raptor – 22 F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Background, Status, and Issues – 24 Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 17 Military Airlift: C-17 Aircraft Program – 9 Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA18G Growler Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress – 19 Proposed Termination of Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) F136 Alternate Engine – 19 Tactical Aircraft Modernization: Issues for Congress – 23

V-22 Osprey Title-Rotor Aircraft – 20

Bomben, Craig R. Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Bona, M. Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g K+K+K- – 420 Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o) Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422 Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi + pi - Gamma (2S) – 422 Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime to eta prime K* – 397 Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in BaBar – 401 Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar c) Production Near Square root of s+ 10.6 GeV – 422 Bondiou-Clergerie, Anne An Overview of CNES Strategy and Activities on Formation Flying – 57 Bonnett, Charles C Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Test – 149 Bonneville, Richard An Overview of CNES Strategy and Activities on Formation Flying – 57 Bonzani, Jr , Peter Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 357 Boocock, Simon K The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Combined Abrasive Recycling and Containment - Final Report With Summary and Conclusions – 67 Booth, David M Video Moving Target Indication in the Analysts’ Detection Support System – 153 Boots-Theunissen, E A Overview of Sortie-Numbers in Various Operations (Overzicht Sortie-Aantallen in Diverse Operaties) – 6 Borde, J. Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation Flying Demonstration – 58 Borgvall, Jonathan Swedish Projects – 11 Boris, Jay Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413

B-7

Borkar, Vivek S Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Processes With Average Cost Criterion: A Survey – 369

Bouton, Chad Partial and Full Inverse Compensation for Hysteresis in Smart Material Systems – 129

Borrero, Jose C Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in the USA – 432

Bovill, Maria E Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Use among Elite U.S. Army Soldiers – 438

Borsuk, Gerald Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413 Bortz, D M Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 Boskovic, Borko Object-Oriented Design and Implementation of Computer Chess – 303 Bosworth, John T. Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Boton, Matthew L. Using Videos Derived from Simulations to Support the Analysis of Spatial Awareness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 Bouaricha, Ali TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems Using Tensor Methods – 356 Boucelma, O Incorporating Active and Multi-DatabaseState Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit – 310 Boudreau, Bernard P Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation – 147 Boulade, S. GNC System for the Deployment and Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Interferometer – 443 Bourga, Christophe A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128

Bovill, Maria Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 86 Boyarko, George A Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Subsystems for End-to-End Spacecraft Modeling – 38 Boyd, E A Solving Integer Programs With Enumeration Cutting Planes – 300 Boyer, Darrell Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60

SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion During Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon – 173 Brasunas, J. Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446 Braun, Robert D. Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60 Braun, Rodney D Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preoperatively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Cancer – 236 Breger, Louis GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53

Boynton, Angela C. Methodological Issues when Assessing Dismounted Soldier Mobility Performance – 264

Breida, Lubos A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63

Bozell, J. J. Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Dendrimers – 179 Bradford, Matt Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416 Bradley, Elizabeth Generalized Physical Networks for Automated Model Building – 388 Bradley, Royce Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed Detonation Engine – 113 Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28 Integration of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With an Ejector Pump and With a Turbo-Charger as Methods to SelfAspirate – 28

Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o) Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422

Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With a Turbine – 28

Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi + pi - Gamma (2S) – 422

Bragg-Sitton, Shannon Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 174

Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in BaBar – 401

Brajkovic, Dragan Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frostbite during Exposure to Cold Winds – 197

Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar c) Production Near Square root of s+ 10.6 GeV – 422

Brandler, Philip The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Integrated Human Centric System – 267

B-8

Branz, H. M. New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Recombination at Light-Induced BoronOxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174

Boylston, John W The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactivation of LNG Tankers: Lessons Learned – 111

Boutigny, D. Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g K+K+K- – 420

Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime to eta prime K* – 397

Brants, Thorsten Story Link Detection and New Event Detection are Asymmetric – 330

Semimajor gies – 53

Axis

Estimation

Strate-

Breidenbach, M. First Results with Prototype Detectors of the Si/W ECAL – 406 Brest, Janez Object-Oriented Design and Implementation of Computer Chess – 303 Breuer, Kenneth S Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161 Brewer, David N. Foreign Object Damage in a GasTurbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials – 26 Brewer, Laura Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375 Brezhneva, Olga A Pattern Search Methods in the Presence of Degeneracy – 362 Brglez, Franc Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 Bridges, James Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correlations in Jets – 26 Brieda, Lubos Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint) – 42 Multi-Domain Plasma Expansion Simulations Using a Particle-in-Cell Method – 417

Briggs, Michael J Ship Squat Predictions for Ship/Tow Simulator – 379 Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in the USA – 432 Wave Climate and Wave Response, Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii – 385 Bright, Tom Abatement of Marine Coatings Containing Heavy Metals – 65 Brigmon, R. L. Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 Brill, David G CRESST Human Performance Knowledge Mapping System – 302 Brinkely, W W Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Pigs – 65 Briscoe, J. M. Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems – 25 Brittingham, Katherine C Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219 Britton, Julie Edell Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses to Service Failure – 288 Broadhead, Matthew Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensitive Information through Bottleneck Monitoring – 438 Bronkhorst, Adelbert W A Microphone-Array-Based System for Restoring Sound Localization with Occluded Ears – 137 Brosseau, D. Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Project – 177 Brost, George A Addressing the Requirements for RF Photonics – 355 Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136 Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 Brough, I Deformation Microstructure in BetaTitanium After Deformation at Low Temperatures – 102

Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for Enhanced Signal Processing – 301 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 Brown, G M Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14 Brown, Janice M Motivational Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use in a Military Population – 244 Brown, Kelly L Development and Testing of a Novel Standard Particle for Performance Verification of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detection Systems – 112 Brown, M S Experimental Study of Deflagration-toDetonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine – 27 Brown, Mary M Joint Capabilities and System-of-System Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution Domains – 312 Brown, R. W. An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis – 387 Brown, Richard Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173 Brown, Sherilyn A. Decision Support Tools – 387

Methods

and

Bullard, Brad Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors – 61 Bullock, Courtney R Dynamics of Post-Translational Modifications on Human Histone H4 Through the Cell Cycle – 239 Bulman, Melvin J Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Augmented Rocket Nozzle – 145 THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) the New Paradigm for Booster Rockets – 42 Bumgarner, Roger E Bayesian Model Averaging: Development of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene Selection and Classification Tool for Microarray Data – 244 Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust Model-Based Segmentation of Microarray Images – 369 Bunch, Howard M A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Standards (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 366 Computerized Compendium of Standards – 429 Implementation of Advanced Technology in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Workshop Report – 379 Bundy, Matthew F Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity – 141

Bruck, Hugh A Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for Functionally Graded Propellants – 111

Buratti, B. Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 450

Brungart, Douglas S Improving Multitalker Speech Communication with Advanced Audio Displays – 121

Buratti, Bonnie Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451

Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Safety and Enhancing Situation Awareness in General Aviation Environments – 411 Bryan, Karna A Bayesian Approach to Predicting an Unknown Number of Targets Based on Sensor Performance – 372 Bryant, Robert G. Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System – 140

Burch, J. Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems Analysis – 182 Burchat, Eleanore Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21 Burda, L A Planning Guide - New Technologies in Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162

Broughton, R M Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107

Bubley, Glenn J Effect of HIF-12 Alpha Polymorphism on the Incidence and Severity of Prostate – 208

Bureau, Paul The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185

Brown, Alison A GPS Receiver Designed for CarrierPhase Time Transfer – 134

Bueskens, Christof Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actuators – 106

Burg, Cecile M. Decision Support Tools – 387

Methods

and

B-9

Burgess, Jefferey L Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inhalation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biomarkers and Time Course of Lung Inflammation – 226

Bussman, Michael Components for Cooperative Intrusion Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environments – 317

Cai, Decheng Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223

Burken, John J. Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31

Buttler, G W Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice – 203

Cai, Jiazhen A Language sis – 296

Burks, Jr, Robert E An Adaptive Tabu Search Heuristic for the Location Routing Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows with a Theater Distribution Application – 378

Buttolph, Adele M Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124

Burnett, J. The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258

Buttolph, Thomas B Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs With Neurologic Decompression Sickness – 222

Caldwell, Douglas C. Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Cargo Industry – 6

Byrd, Richard H A New Large-Scale Global Optimization Method and Its Application to LennardJones Problems – 356

Caldwell, John A. Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in the Operational Environment – 264

Developing and Understanding Methods for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimization – 381

Calkins, Frederick T A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostrictive Sensors – 156

Burnham, A. K. Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of FOX-7 – 96 Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction and Impact – 75 Burnik, Urban Human Perception and Objective Delay Evaluation of Multimedia Services – 429 Burns, L. A. User Manual for EXPRESS, the ‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30, 2006 – 283 Burnside, D The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Particle Study – 222 Burnside, Nathan J. Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1 Burrill, A. Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 Burton, Dennis T Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida – 74 Busch, J Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Buschbacher, Mark J. Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Bush, Patrick Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 357 Bushnell, Dennis M. Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation – 31 Buskirk, Paul D. Balanced Orifice Plate – 104

B-10

Representations of Quasi-Newton Matrices and Their Use in Limited Memory Methods – 391 Cabell, R. H. A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Bays – 13 Cabeza, Isabel High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 50 Cabezas, H. Integration of an Economy Under Imperfect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Ecological Model – 283 Cable, R. Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Project – 177 Cabral, Alexander High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 50 Caceda, Roxana Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218 Cada, D G Applications of Digital Transfer of Computer Aided Design Data for Production Usage (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 Cadieu, C A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex – 251 Cadieu, Charles Shape Representation in V4: Investigating Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Confirmation with the Standard Model of Object Recognition – 252

for

Semantic

Analy-

Cain, A B Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 Cain, Brad A Preliminary Study of Heat Strain Using Modelling and Simulation – 256

Calvel, Bertrand High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 50 Calvin, W Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Calzetti, Daniela SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48 Camata, R. P. Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450 Camenen, Benoit Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124 Campbell, Mark Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using the Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor – 56 Campbell, Richard L. Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16 Campbell, Rwanda Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis With Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report – 226 Campbell, Sharon Tocotrienols and Prostate Cancer – 207 Campell, Bryan T Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module for Rocket Engine and Propulsion System Simulations – 145

Campos, Teresa L. CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Canada, S. Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Project – 177 Cantore, D Visual Reference Standards for Weld Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99 Cao, Y. Sensitivity Analysis of DifferentialAlgebraic Equations and Partial Differential Equations – 281 Caponnetto, Andrea Fast Rates for Regularized Squares Algorithm – 371

Least-

Some Properties of Empirical Risk Minimization Over Donsker Classes – 371 Cappallo, Roger C Studies of Enhanced Performance of the Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Observation and Space Weather – 447

Carrascosa, Carmelo PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Carstens, Christian B Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Signals to a Covert Tactile Communication System in a Dynamic Environment – 118 Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Test – 149 Carter, Layne The Exploration Water Recovery System – 442 Carter, R Operator Functional State Assessment (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle de i’operateur humain) – 256 Carthel, Craig A Bayesian Approach to Predicting an Unknown Number of Targets Based on Sensor Performance – 372 Carthel,, Craig Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic Tracking Capability – 387

Capron, William R. Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft – 4

Carucci, D J Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203

Carazzone, J J Velocity Inversion by Coherency Optimization – 192

Carucci, Daniel J Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites – 223

Cardimona, D A Innovative Concepts for SSA Applications – 33 Carlton, Jane M Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224 Caronna, S Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Carozzoni, Joseph A Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433 Carpenter, J. Russell Conservative Analytical Collision Probabilities for Orbital Formation Flying – 56 Carpenter, K. The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56 Carranza, R. M. Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chloride Solutions Containing Organic Acids – 81 Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Ions – 81

Castanon, David DARPA Integrated Sensing and Processing (ISP) Program. Approximation Methods for Markov Decision Problems in Sensor Management – 363 Castellani, John W Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to Prevent Local Cold Injuries – 242 Castiglone, L. Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxidation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. Annual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005 – 187 Castillo, C D Innovative Concepts for SSA Applications – 33 Castro, Carl A. Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Land Combat Study – 277 Castro, Carl Andrew Building Psychological Resiliency and Mitigating the Risks of Combat and Deployment Stressors Faced by Soldiers – 278 Catlin, Kathryn Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft Formations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular Libration Points – 444

Carucci, Daniel Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224

Caton, J. A. Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419

Carzaniga, Antonio A Reusable, Distributed Repository for Configuration Management Policy Programming – 312

Cavanaugh, Jennifer C Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake – 85

Case, Ben Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Issues for Explosively Formed Penetrators – 1

Cavanaugh, Stephen NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375

Casey, Stephen D On Periodic Pulse Interval Analysis with Outliers and Missing Observations – 359

Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375

Cass, Stein Low-Cost Launch Systems for the DualLaunch Concept – 36

Cavanaugh, Steve NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study – 459

Cassaing, Frederic First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54

Cazacu, O Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Modelling of Textured Metals and Validation Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Test – 98

Cassell, Kirt J Investigation of Frequency-Domain and Time-Domain Free-Space Material Measurements – 400

Celis, M R A Trust Region Strategy for Equality Constrained Optimization – 359

Castaneda, C Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34

Cendales, Linda C The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203

B-11

Centeno, Jose A Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program – 240 Cerco, Carl F Conceptual Processes for Linking Eutrophication and Network Models – 354 Cerro, Jeffrey A. Decision Support Tools – 387

Methods

and

Ceruti, Marion Spiral System Implementation Methodology: Application of the Knowledge Web and Network-Centric Best Practices – 384 Cervi, M Development of a Ship Service Fuel Cell – 181 Cesaretti, Jamie A ATM Heterozygosity and the Development of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Morbidity Following Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer – 238 Cespedes, Manuel Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218 Chacon, Mark A Course Curriculum Development for the Future Cyberwarrior – 431 Chait, Richard Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited – 441 Chalmers, S. PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic System and Component Certification, Test Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems International Standards – 181 Chaloupka, Jiri Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Status Markers after their Homecoming – 271 Champagne, Victor Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Army Main Battle Tank Components – 99 Chan, H Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 Chang, Chein-I A Comparative Study for Orthogonal Subspace Projection and Constrained Energy Minimization – 169 Chang, Paul WindSat Applications for Weather Forecasters and Data Assimilation – 194

B-12

Chang, Simon Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413

Optimal Quantization and Fusion in Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection of Weak Signals in Dependent Noise – 334

Chang, X. Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396

Quantization and Fusion for Multi-Sensor Discrimination from Dependent Observations – 383

Chapman, C. Computer and Internet Use by Students in 2003. Statistical Analysis Report – 282

Chavez, J C High Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Postprint) – 157

Chapman, G. K. Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Effects of Burst Properties of Pressure Vessels – 77

Chavez, J R Performance Comparison of Optically Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared Lasers – 158

Chapman, Gail D Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224

Chelliah, H K Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and Water/NaOH Solutions – 352

Charagundla, S R Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame Behind a Step – 90

Chemykova, L Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of High-Performance Vacuum Electronic Devices – 434

Charbonnel, Catherine Accurate Formation Flying Design and Validation for the Darwin Precursor Demonstration Mission – 49

Chen, C S Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts – 259

Charbonnels, Catherine First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54

Chen, Felix F Thermal Design and Analysis of the Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injector – 93

Charles, John B. Challenges of Flight – 444

Space

Chen, Francine Story Link Detection and New Event Detection are Asymmetric – 330

Charoenvit, Y Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203

Chen, Jacqueline H Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Premixed Flames – 353

Human

Charoenvit, Yupin CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Activity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224 Chattopadhyay, Rana Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224 Chau, Y A Distributed Detection from Multiple Sensors with Correlated Observations – 334 On Minimax Robust Data Fusion – 367

Chen, Lili MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning for Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer – 207 Chen, Peter System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 433 Chen, Victor Y The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle Measurement for Inclining Experiments – 307 Chen, Weiguo Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission – 117

Chau, Yawgene A On Robust Continuous-Time Discrimination – 361

Chen, Weinong W Dynamic Compressive Responses and Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics Under High Confinement – 94

Chau, Yawgeng A Multi-Sensor Correlation and Quantization in Distributed Detection Systems – 154

Chen, X. Observational Signatures and NonGaussianities of General Single Field Inflation – 397

Chen, Y Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233 Chen, Ye Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors – 216

Chirillo, L D The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of Distributive Systems Models. Phase 1 – 172

Cirillo, William M. NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study – 459

Chiu, Shean-Tsong Detecting Periodic Components in a White Gaussian Time Series – 192

Clack, Herek L On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays – 83

Chenette, D. The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56

Choi, Patrick Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385

Cheney, Carrie Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 86

Choi, Sung R. Foreign Object Damage in a GasTurbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials – 26

Cheng, Shannon Y Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint) – 42 Cheng, Tu-c A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Escherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Production of Organophosphorus Hydrolase – 68 Cheng, Yang Vision Based Localization in Urban Environments – 155 Cheng, Zhiqing Energy Distribution Analysis of Impact Signals Based on Wavelet Decompositions – 345 Cherry, Gregory S Simulation of Selected Ground-Water Pumping Scenarios at Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia – 142 Cheung, C. C. Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449 Cheung, Stephen S Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain during Manual Work in Cold Weather – 197 Cheung, WinJou J Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere with Millimeter-Wave Radar – 152 Cheuvront, S N Operator Functional State Assessment (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle de i’operateur humain) – 256 Cheyer, Adam IRIS: Integrate, Share – 329

Relate.

Chidester, Thomas R. Energy Index For vers – 30

Aircraft

Infer.

Maneu-

Chou, Kenneth C Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and Riccati Equations – 354 Chretien, Jean-Pierre Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Framework – 58 Chrissis, Mary Beth CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: What We Learned – 297 Christiansen, Bradley D Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Circuits – 325 Chu, Isabel cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Cooperate With Estrogen to Promote Estrogen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquitination and Proteolysis in ER Negative Breast Cancers – 250 Chung, Gregory K CRESST Human Performance Knowledge Mapping System – 302 Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Performance: Predicting Shooting Performance with Advanced Distributed Learning Assessments – 301 Chute, Michael D Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 Chytka, T. M. An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis – 387 Chytka, Trina NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375

Clapham, Scott B Standards Database Phase II – 425

Maintenance

Clark, R. Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 450 Clark, Roger Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 Clarke, Steven Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 231 Electrochemically Generated Oxidant Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 88 Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 89 Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 402 Clayton, C. E. Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407 Clayton, Robert N. Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457 Clem, J. M. Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos via Coherent Radio Emission – 420 Cleveland, B Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164 Clewell, Rebecca A Feasibility Study for the Reduction of Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous Anions – 82 Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separation Column – 83

Chien, C L Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts – 259

Cialone, Alan Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave Information Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast with 3-G Hindcasting – 113

Coats, D Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 62

Chien, Steve Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60

Cichy, Benjamin Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60

Coffey, Kristy A On a Powder lem – 69

Consolidation

Prob-

B-13

Coffey, Todd S Efficient Steady-State Solution Techniques for Variably Saturated Groundwater Flow – 145 Coglizer, D Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Colby, Luke S. Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60 Cole, D G A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) – 134 Cole, Karl G. The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274 Collier, Robert D Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication – 410 Colmenarejo, Pablo A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Colton, Richard Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413 Comer, T R Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Breakwater Systems – 194 Comiso, Josefino C The Polar Sea Ice Aqua/AMSR-E – 170

Cover

from

Comstock, James R., Jr. Using Videos Derived from Simulations to Support the Analysis of Spatial Awareness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 Conley, J. A. Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Parameters – 401

Constable, Stefan H. The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned – 278 Contreras, M. High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175 Conway, Sheila R. An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing Control Policies and the Dynamic Service-Time Performance of a Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Management Facility – 12 Cook, J. R. Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage – 37 Cook, Jonathan E Event-Based Detection rency – 379

of

Cote, Christopher K Transcriptional Analysis of the bgIP Gene from Streptococcus mutans – 229 Cote, Owen Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An MIT Security Studies Program Conference – 123 Couderc, F. Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o) Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422 Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi + pi - Gamma (2S) – 422

Concur-

Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime to eta prime K* – 397

Cook, Kendra B Characterizing the Impact of Precision Time and Range Measurements from Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Network Differential GPS Position Solutions – 124

Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar c) Production Near Square root of s+ 10.6 GeV – 422

Cooper, Gene R Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid Payload: The Candlestick Problem and Porous Media – 142 Coote, David J. Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Coppel, Ross L Associations Between Responses to the Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity to Malaria Infection – 202 Coraluppi, Stefano Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic Tracking Capability – 387 Benchmark Evaluation of Trackers – 413

Multistatic

Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Simulator for Tracker Performance Assessment – 314

Connell, John W. Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides – 75

Corbel, Stephane X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity – 449

Conrath, B. J. Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446

Corbett, William D Adaption of Japanese Prefabrication Priming Procedure to U.S. Shipbuilding Methodology Task 3-79-1 – 70

Considine, Tom A Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104

Corradin, Giampietro Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224

Consiglio, Maria C. Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Throughput and Traffic Delays Using Self Separation Procedures – 4

Corrales, Santiago Nunez MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of Efficient Native Supercomputing for Microsoft Windows Architecture – 288

B-14

Coste, Olivier Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man – 276

Courdec, F. Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in BaBar – 401 Coustenis, A. Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446 Cowling, M J The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109 Cozzi, A. D. Analytical Results of DWPF Glass Sample Taken During Filling of Canister S01913: Summary Report – 105 Craig, D Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34 Craig, L A Automatic Submerged ARC Welding With Metal Power Additions to Increase Productivity and Maintain Quality – 164 Cramer, K. Elliott Method and Apparatus for the Portable Identification Of Material Thickness And Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Spatially Controlled Heat Application – 113 Crandall, R. S. New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Recombination at Light-Induced BoronOxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174 Crapse, K. P. From Sequential Extraction to Transport Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Contaminants – 64

Craven, P. D. Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450

Curtain, R F Adaptive Compensators for Perturbed Positive Real Infinite Dimensional Systems – 378

Crawford, Larry A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Comparison with Conventional Systems – 35

Curtis, Henry Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission – 117

Crawford, Matthew P Optimal Geometric Deployment of a Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation System to Track a Landing Aircraft – 12

Curtis, William R Assessment of Shore Protection Project Performance Following the 2004 Hurricane Season – 196

Creasy, William R Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL – 95

Cuvelier, Yves Stress and port – 277

Creighton, J W Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Approach to Managing Innovation in the Public Sector – 426 Crews, Carrie D Robot Localization Using Visual Image Mapping – 331 Critchlow, Robert D Nuclear Command and Control: Current Programs and Issues – 118 Crothers, Barbara A Internet-Based Cervical Screening Program – 232

Cytology

Cruz, Christopher Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218 Cruz, Girlie C De La Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Performance: Predicting Shooting Performance with Advanced Distributed Learning Assessments – 301 Cruz, Josue Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Airfoil – 15 Cunningham, Maureen Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14 Curiel, David T A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy Agents – 237 Curran, H J Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study – 83

Psychological

Sup-

Dacier, Marc Attack Processes Found on the Internet – 323 Dahlburg, Jill Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413 Dalpian, G. M. Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI Semiconductors – 178 Dalrymple, J Incorporating Active and Multi-DatabaseState Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit – 310 D’Ambrosio, Bruce KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330 DAmico, Simone Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Control for Satellite Formations – 443 Danchi, W. The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56 Dannehl, Jennifer L Development and Testing of a Novel Standard Particle for Performance Verification of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detection Systems – 112 Dapino, Marcelo J A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostrictive Sensors – 156 Darken, Rudolph An Integrated Virtual Environment System – 302 Dart, Todd S. Application of Shift Work Scheduling Principles and Tools for Optimizing Console Based Operations – 263

Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Organophosphorus Compounds – 69

Darwin, Chris Comment ameliorer la selection et le traitement des messages verbaux? (How to Improve the Selection and Processing of Verbal Messages) – 121

Curry, Bob Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219

Das, Rina Breast Cancer in African American Women: Molecular Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes – 201

Davidson, Kris The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the HST/STIS – 442 Davidson, M. GNC System for the Deployment and Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Interferometer – 443 Davidson, R. C. Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 406 Davis, Alexander Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Without Programmers – 309 Davis, D. J. Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage – 37 Davis, Jeffrey R. Challenges of Flight – 444

Human

Space

Davis, O, J The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation Material for Shipboard Piping -- NonHalogenated Polyphosphazene Foam – 68 Davis, Roger L Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Augmented Rocket Nozzle – 145 Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module for Rocket Engine and Propulsion System Simulations – 145 Davis, T A Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM – 225 Day, Agnes A Breast Cancer in African American Women: Molecular Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes – 201 Dayawansa, W P Modeling of Impact Beam – 360

on a Flexible

Dayhoff, Judith E Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Capacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298 De, Barun K Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 De Leon, Christopher L Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL – 95 De Quesada, Armando Abatement of Marine Coatings Containing Heavy Metals – 65 de Rosset, William S Modeling Impacts for Cold-Gas Dynamic Spray – 94

B-15

De, Tathagata Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133 Model Development for Piezoceramic Nanopositioners – 106 De Vito, Ernesto Fast Rates for Regularized Squares Algorithm – 371

Least-

de Vries, A. P. Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting Vertical Fragmentation – 280 de Vries, Linda F CRESST Human Performance Knowledge Mapping System – 302 de Vries, S C UAVs and Control Delays – 18 Dean, Marjon System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 433 Debar, Herve Attack Processes Found on the Internet – 323 deBarbara, Alberto Hernandez Abadia Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots – 267 DeBell, M. Computer and Internet Use by Students in 2003. Statistical Analysis Report – 282 Decedue, D Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Decker, Arthur J. Optimization of Training Sets For NeuralNet Processing of Characteristic Patterns From Vibrating Solids – 340 DeFoor, James E The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measurement of Shipboard Piping Using a Portable Coordinate Measuring Machine (PCMM) – 163 DeFord, J F Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of High-Performance Vacuum Electronic Devices – 434 DeFrank, Joseph J A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Escherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Production of Organophosphorus Hydrolase – 68 del Cueto, J. A. Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Test System at the Outdoor Test Facility – 184 Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for PV Packaging – 184

B-16

Del Rosario, R C Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Control of Transverse Beam Vibrations: Experimental Implementation – 403 Delacruz, Girlie C CRESST Human Performance Knowledge Mapping System – 302 DeLapp, II, Charles J Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seeding – 86 Delfyett, Jr, Peter J Photonic Arbitrary Waveform Generation Technology – 159 Delgado, Irebert R. Continued Investigation of Leakage and Power Loss Test Results for Competing Turbine Engine Seals – 161 Delichatsios, Michael A Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity – 141 Delpech, M. Design of the GNC System for a New Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope – 414 Delpech, Michel Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Framework – 58 SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for HighEnergy Astrophysics Mission – 51 DelValle-Garrido, J. Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 270 Demetriou, M A Adaptive Compensators for Perturbed Positive Real Infinite Dimensional Systems – 378 deMiguel, Laura Jimenez Prada Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots – 267 Demirbilek, Zeki Wave Climate and Wave Response, Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii – 385 Demner-Fushman, Dina Exploring Interactive Relevance Feedback With a Two-Pass Study Design – 427 Dempsey, J. A. An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis – 387 Deng, J. First Results with Prototype Detectors of the Si/W ECAL – 406 Deng, K A Finite Difference Approximation for a Coupled System of Nonlinear SizeStructured Populations – 353

Dennis, John E A Global Convergence Theory for General Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for Equality Constrained Optimization – 347 Dennis, Jr , J E A Memoryless Augmented GaussNewton Method for Nonlinear LeastSquares Problems – 360 A New Nonlinear Equations Test Problem – 351 A Trust Region Strategy for Equality Constrained Optimization – 359 Toward Direct Sparse Cholesky Factors – 350

Updates

of

Dennis, Jr, J E A Variable-Metric Variant of the Karmarkar Algorithm for Linear Programming – 348 Generalized tions – 374

Conjugate

Direc-

Optimization on Microcomputers: The Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm – 347 Pattern Search Methods in the Presence of Degeneracy – 362 The Combined Schubert/Secant FiniteDifference Algorithm for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347 Dente, G C High Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Postprint) – 157 Performance Comparison of Optically Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared Lasers – 158 Der, Zoltan Investigation of Factors Affecting the Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ratio Discriminant – 370 Deshpande, Samir V Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry – 235 desJardins, Marie Learning User Preferences for Sets of Objects – 291 Deswarte, Yves Intrusion Tolerance for Unclassified Networked Systems – 317 Deuster, Patricia A Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of Overweight and Obesity in African Americans and Caucasians – 230 DeVine, Linda Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14

Devletian, J H The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing – 102

Ding, Xuan Z A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241

Doherty, M Incorporating Active and Multi-DatabaseState Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit – 310

Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254

deVries, Rodney Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective – 266

Dingfelder, J. Exclusive Charmless Semileptonic Decays B yields X(sub u)lV from BABAR – 420

Dolan, Nancy Systems Engineering, Acquisition and Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT): Achieving the Promise of Human Systems Integration – 264

DeYoung, Don Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413

DiPirro, Michael J. SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48

Dhere, R. Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Solar Cells – 179

Dischinger, Patricia A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Early Predictors of Outcome – 248

Diaz, Carlos Velasco Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots – 267

Dischner, Dave Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14

DiCarlo, James J Ultra-FDst Object Recognition from Few Spikes – 252

Divjak, Sasa Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130

Dick, Jr, Edward J Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs With Neurologic Decompression Sickness – 222

Dixon, E. T. Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Events on the LL Parent Body – 455

Dietrich, Sven Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296 Dietterich, Thomas G KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330 Dietz, Anthony J Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19 Dietz, N Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflectance – 135 Real-Time Process Monitoring by P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Epitaxy – 419 Diggs, Carter Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 Dike, Christopher A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Joined Wing Scissor Morphing – 2

Dixon, L. J. Practical Twistor Spinoffs: On Shell Tree and Loop Recursion Relations – 398 Dixon, Stephen R Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload Analysis – 6 Doan, Brandon A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240 Doctor, Bhupendra P Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 222 Dodson, Kathryn M Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organizations: A Preliminary Report – 298 Doering, Bill Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14 Doermann, D Document Image 1997 – 428

Understanding

-

Dolch, Stefan Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) ‘Quadrocopter Garmisch 2005’ – 23 Dollyhigh, Sam NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis – 374 Dollyhigh, Samuel NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 Doman, David B Application of Piecewise Linear Control Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle Guidance and Control – 40 Dong, Yan GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium Chemoprevention of ProstateCancer – 238 Doody, R. S. The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258 Doolittle, Christina M Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Subsystems for End-to-End Spacecraft Modeling – 38 Dorofee, Audrey Defining Incident Management Processes for CSIRTs: A Work in Progress – 322 OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Worksheets for Systems – 320 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduction to OCTAVE-S – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example Scenario – 318 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Preparation Guidance – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method Guidelines – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organizational Worksheets – 320

Dinardi, S R The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Particle Study – 222

Doermann, David Robust Point Matching for Non-Rigid Shapes: A Relaxation Labeling Based Approach – 390

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical Asset Worksheets for Information – 320

Ding, Li Computing Trust from Revision History – 435

Doherty, John Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration – 354

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Asset Worksheets for Applications – 319

B-17

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical Asset Worksheets for People – 319 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy and Plan Worksheets – 319 Dorr, Bonnie Headline Generation for Written and Broadcast News – 432 Dotani, Tadayasu Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit – 55 Doufas, A Effect of the Forearm Tissue Temperature on the Cold Induced Vasodilation – 198 Dougherty, Jerry Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14 Doussan, T Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Downey, Doug A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in Information Extraction – 381 DOyly, Tim Exercise Following Simulated Parachuting from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Reduced and is the Probability of Post Descent Decompression Sickness Increased? – 275 Dragotti, Pier L Distributed Compression in Camera Sensor Networks – 308 Dragovan, Mark Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416 Drake, Jessica Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 Drew, Douglas A. Energy Index vers – 30

For

Aircraft

Maneu-

Drewnowski, Adam Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 86 Drnovsek, Janko Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 Dromsky, David M Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Emulsion – 256 Drozda, T G Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames – 146 Druilhe, Pierre Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224

B-18

Druss, Claudia Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14

Dutkowski, Eugene Total Ownership Cost Reduction Case Study: AEGIS Microwave Power Tubes – 134

Du, M. H. New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Recombination at Light-Induced BoronOxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174

Dutton, Kenneth R. Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation – 165

Du, Qian A Comparative Study for Orthogonal Subspace Projection and Constrained Energy Minimization – 169 Dubrawski, Artur Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385 Ducharme, M B Effect of the Forearm Tissue Temperature on the Cold Induced Vasodilation – 198 Ducharme, Michel B Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frostbite during Exposure to Cold Winds – 197

Dvoretskii, A. Dalitz Plot Analysis of B+yields K+K+K- – 397

the

Decay

Dwight, J Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Dyer, C. B. The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258 Easley, Matthew Generalized Physical Networks for Automated Model Building – 388 Eaton, Eric Learning User Preferences for Sets of Objects – 291

Duchon, Paul SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for HighEnergy Astrophysics Mission – 51

Eberhardt, A Modeling and Computation of Propagating Waves from Coronary Stenoses – 409

Duckett, Colin S XIAP as a Molecular Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Prostate Cancer – 209

Eckert, Rebecca J Polar Phase Screens: A Comparison with Other Methods of Random Phase Screen Generation – 346

Duffey, C. E. Task Technical and Quality Assurance Plan for the 2H Evaporator Scale Analysis – 76

Edgemon, S. L. Characteristic Electrochemical Noise During Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Permeation – 64

Duistermaat, M Tactile Land Navigation in Night Operations – 260

Edghill-Smith, Yvette Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228

Dumbacher, Daniel L. NASA Crew Launch Vehicle Overview – 39

Edmonds, L. D. Automating the Modeling of the SEE Cross Section’s Angular Dependence – 419

Duncan, J Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146 Duncan, Michael A Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Structure and Bonding – 75 Dungrani, Sanjiv Crew Integration and Automation Technologies – 114 Dunn, S Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 62 Durst, H D Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL – 95 Dussault, Jerry Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433

Edwards, Brian Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Army Main Battle Tank Components – 99 Edwards, Lulu Expedient Gap Definition Using 3D LADAR – 155 Edwards, T. B. Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental Results – 105 Edwards, Thomas Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Very Large Time-Constant Circuits – 406 Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor NonFiltering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifiers – 405 Edwards, William C. Self-activating System and Method for Alerting When an Object or a Person is Left Unattended – 140

Efird, Brian Senturion: A Predictive Political Simulation Model – 314

On the Formulation and Theory of the Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlinear Programming – 300

Efthimion, P. C. Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 406

Eldridge, J E Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separation Column – 83

Eglin, Clare The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258

Elias, Bart Aviation Security-Related Findings and Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission – 7

Ehernberger, Jack Turbulence and mountain wave conditions observed with an airborne 2-micron lidar – 24

Ellingson, R. J. Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple Exciton Generation – 178

Ehlerding, A Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) with Small Molecules – 92 Ehrenfreund, Pascale SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48

Ellis, Brian VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313 Ellison, Steve Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Issues for Explosively Formed Penetrators – 1

Ehrich, Fredric F Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161

Ellor, J A Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for Underwater Service (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 71

Ehrich, Naomi E An Investigation of Control Strategies for Friction Compensation – 344

Elm, Joseph P Techniques for Developing an Acquisition Strategy by Profiling Software Risks – 307

Eichhorn, John H Internet-Based Cervical Screening Program – 232

Cytology

Eiken, Ola Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty – 257 Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a Passive Heat and Moisture Exchanger – 258 Eisenhauer, Robert Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413 Ekholm, Jared M Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42 Ekholm, Jared Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint) – 42 El-Alem, Mahmoud A Global Convergence Theory for General Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for Equality Constrained Optimization – 347 A Global Convergence Theory for the Celis-Dennis-Tapia Trust Region Algorithm for Constrained Optimization – 345 El-Bakry, A S On the Convergence of the Tapia Indicators in the Absence of Strict Complementarity – 350

Elster, Eric A The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203 Elster, Eric Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis With Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report – 226 Emergy, S. Measurements of the Angle pha(Phi(2)) at BaBar – 400

Al-

Endemano, Galder Bengoa FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59 Englar, Robert J. Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation – 31 Englund, Carl E Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep Deprivation – 257 Ephremides, Anthony Discrimination Against Partially Overlapping Interference -Its Effect on Throughput in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Access Channels – 341 Optimal Scheduling with Strict Deadlines – 380

Eppert, Herbert Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413 Epstein, Alan H Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161 Erdman, Joy The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 Ericson, Mark A 3-D Audio: Military Applications and Symbology – 410 Military Speech Communications over Vocoders in Tandem – 331 Escolas, Sandra Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 Eshow, Elizabeth A New Large-Scale Global Optimization Method and Its Application to LennardJones Problems – 356 Essigmann, John M Development of Novel Bifunctional Compounds that Induce Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells – 232 Esteban, B Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 Esteban-Benavides, B. Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 270 Estep, Lee Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173 Estes, Trudy Screening Evaluations for Upland Confined Disposal Facility Effluent Quality – 84 Estill, J. C. Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80 Etien, R. A. Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80 Etzioni, Oren A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in Information Extraction – 381 Eugster, Otto Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457

B-19

Eutizzi, Nick F Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mating Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 144

Fasanella, Edwin L. Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced CarbonCarbon Bend Test and Analysis for Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Impact Damage Thresholds – 78

Firesmith, Donald Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296

Evans, K. J. Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80

Fearnside, Melissa Crew Integration and Automation Technologies – 114

Fischer, Jackie SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48

Evans, Nathanael P .NET Security: Lessons Learned and Missed from Java – 295

Felices, Vidal Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218

Evans, Neal SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation – 48

Feng, Ao Combining Evidence from Homologous Datasets – 437

Evans, Roger Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to Xpatch – 313

Feng, Min Encapsulation Application Research of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Environment – 171

Fischer, Mike F Development and Testing of a Novel Standard Particle for Performance Verification of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detection Systems – 112

Evers, Johnny H A Comparison of Trajectory Determination Approaches for Small UAVs – 22

Fern, Alan KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330

Fisher, Daniel J Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida – 74

Fernandez-Gaucherand, Emmanuel Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme for a Partially Observed Controlled Markov Chain – 357

Fisher, J W Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice – 203

Evers, Ken Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution Planning and Control – 121 Evett, Matthew Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements – 337 PRA: Massively Search – 382

Parallel

Heuristic

Ezzat, Tony Trainable Videorealistic Speech Animation – 153 Fahlman, Andres Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Emulsion – 256 Fairlie, R A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Development Under Microgravity – 85 Falconer, D. A. Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections: Dominance of the Free Magnetic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Alone – 460 Fallgren, P. Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Final Report – 87 Fang, Shaoli Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 Farahat, Ayman Story Link Detection and New Event Detection are Asymmetric – 330 Farthing, Matthew W Efficient Steady-State Solution Techniques for Variably Saturated Groundwater Flow – 145

B-20

Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Processes With Average Cost Criterion: A Survey – 369 Ferrante, Fred A Thermal Design and Analysis of the Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injector – 93 Ferrari, Adam J Architectural Support for Extensibility and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed Object Systems – 292 Ferryman, Thomas A. Energy Index For vers – 30

Aircraft

Maneu-

Fetterman, H R Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34 Fiedler, H. Close Formation Flight of MicroSatellites for SAR Interferometry – 49 Fields, Morris P Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Detection System Developed by Geophysical Solutions – 153 Fikel, Michele Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14 Fikes, Richard Computing Trust from Revision History – 435 Finkelstein, Sydney Building SMART Leadership – 423

Fischer, Joseph A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240

Fisher, Matthew J Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organizations: A Preliminary Report – 298 Fitzgerald, Collette Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 FitzGerald, Duncan Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of Coastal Inlet Navigation Channels – 172 Flachbart, R. H. Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 Flaherty, Kevin W. Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60 Flanagan, Patrick The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound Localisation – 409 Flasar, F. M. Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446 Flatau, Alison B A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostrictive Sensors – 156 Fleming, J W Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames – 87

Fleshman, J W Organization of Response Areas in Ferret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220

Fourcade, J. Design of the GNC System for a New Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope – 414

Franke, E. Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply with Special Provision for Experiences in ISAF 2003 – 269

Fourcade, Jean SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for HighEnergy Astrophysics Mission – 51

Frankey, Brian Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed Detonation Engine – 113

Flowe, Rob Joint Capabilities and System-of-System Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution Domains – 312

Fowke, Jay H Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabolism and Progression From High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN) to Prostate Cancer – 216

Frazier, J M The Isolated Perfused Rat Liver and its use in the Study of Chemical Kinetics: Quality and Performance Parameters – 82

Fluegel, B. Impurity-Band xNx – 180

Fowler, K R Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models for Groundwater Flow and Transport – 352

Frechette, Luc G Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161

Fox, Christopher L. Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System – 140

Fredriksson, Brian E Globalness: Toward a Space Power Theory – 33

Fox, H W Nonelectronic Countermeasures for Infrared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of Heat Decoys as Countermeasures – 461

Freeman, Angelina Investigation of Factors Affecting the Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ratio Discriminant – 370

Fox, Melanie L. Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System – 140

Freeman, Kimberly Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico – 14

Florens, Laurence Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites – 223

Model

for

GaP1-

Flynn, E T Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With 40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256 Flynn, Robert H Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Belknap County, New Hampshire – 171 Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Coos County, New Hampshire – 197 Follis, R H Report of Visits to Singapore and Djakarta – 220 Foltyn, Lukas Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Environment – 333 Fontanot, Sergio New Perspectives for Power Transmission in the European Liberalized Electricity Market and Possible Role of FourPhase Systems – 132 Fontecilla, Rodrigo A Convergence Theory for a Class of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 388 The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the Hessian in Constrained Optimization – 351 Fontes, A. T. Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction and Impact – 75 Forbes, J. W. Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Characterize Violence with Varying Confinement – 76 Forrester, Eileen Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296 Foulkes, S. D. Search for the Decay of Neutral B Mesons to a Neutral K Star Meson and a Neutral K Meson Using the BaBar Detector – 401

Fox, Robert L. Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System – 140 Fraider, Victoria The C-17: Costs and Alternatives – 14 Fraley, Chris Bayesian Regularization for Normal Mixture Estimation and Model-Based Clustering – 368 Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust Model-Based Segmentation of Microarray Images – 369 Fralick, Gustave C. Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumentation Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center – 151

Frenchik, Michael D A Microplate Assay for the Determination of Hemoglobin Concentration – 220 Frey, R. First Results with Prototype Detectors of the Si/W ECAL – 406 Freytag, D. First Results with Prototype Detectors of the Si/W ECAL – 406 Fridlind, Ann M. CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199

Franchi, Edward Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (19232005) – 413

Fried, L. Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystallization – 96

Franchitti, J -C Incorporating Active and Multi-DatabaseState Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit – 310

Fried, Nathaniel Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral Structures for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence After Prostate Cancer Spray – 209

Francis, Scott R. Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60 Franck, M. M. Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 Frank, A. J. Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge Movement – 177

Friedlander, Arthur M Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219 Friedler, Edna Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments – 266 Friedman, D. III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multijunction Cell – 176

B-21

Friedman, D Neural Networks for Tactile Perception – 294 Friedrichsen, Danielle Positional Cloning of an Ashkenzai Jewish Hereditary Prostate Cancer – 227 Frohlich, L. Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418

Furukawa, Yoko Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation – 147 Gaber, Matjaz Design of Current Impulse Generator – 131 Gadaj, Stefan P Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Fracture – 402

Frye, Stuart Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60

Gaddis, Steve Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 174

Fu, Daniel Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Military Domains – 436

Gaffney, Matthew Using SolidWorks & CFD to Create the Next Generation Airlocks – 142

FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Framework for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems – 10 Fu, Jyun-Horng Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases – 369 Linear Feedback Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems with an Uncontrollable Critical Mode – 393 Fuhrer, Patrik RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation – 286 Fukuchi, Kiyoshi Research and Development of HighCapacity Optical Link Technologies – 291 Fuller, C. R. A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Bays – 13 Fuller, Jimmy W The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards – 72 Fuller, Michael D Friction Stir Processing and Fusion Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Bronze – 95 Fulton, Joseph M LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Small Flexible Spacecraft Using FreeFree Boundary Conditions – 38 Fultz, Benjamin S Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Surface Preparation and Coatings – 73 Fultz, George An Analysis of Weight Change in Filters – 166 Furati, K M A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) – 134

B-22

Gage, Kenneth S Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor Ground Validation for TRMM and GPM – 200 Gaines, Ed The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Evaluation and Improvements – 101 Gaitens, M J Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107 Galetto, F. Quality Education and ‘Quality Papers’ – 166 Gallagher, Dennis L. Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Extensions with GPS-TEC Observations – 460 Gallo, Mike The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufacture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299 Gandia, Fernando PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Ganeshan, H Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Ganguly, Biswa N Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilibrium Air Plasma – 415 Gao, Baochong Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy – 243 Gao, Y P The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing – 102 Garber, Anne Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 174

Garcia, F. Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Characterize Violence with Varying Confinement – 76 Garcia, Michael J Immigration: Analysis of the Major Provisions of the REAL ID Act of 2005 – 302 Garcia, Ramon Peyro Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots – 267 Garcia-Casas, Alberto PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Garg, Vijay Language Stability and Stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 383 Predicates and Predicate Transformers for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 382 Garland, Frank C Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program – 240 Garrett, C M Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Pigs – 65 Garrett, Lamar Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Correction Insert Stability Evaluation – 261 Garrison, D. H. Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Events on the LL Parent Body – 455 Garvey, John M RLV Flight Operations Demonstration with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle (PREPRINT) – 63 Garvey, John Demonstration and Analysis of Reusable Launch Vehicle Operations – 40 Gary, g. A. Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections: Dominance of the Free Magnetic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Alone – 460 Gary, G. Allen Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet FabryPerot Interferometers – 459 Gasparovich, Stephen R Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm in Young Permanent Teeth – 244 Gates, Thomas S. Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 Gatlin, O H Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373

Gatto, Frank Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100

Gelman, Irwin H High Throughput Screen to Identify Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer Metastasis – 236

Gaulocher, Sebastian Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Framework – 58

Gendler, Sandra J Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer – 210

Gauthier, Stephen E Decision Analysis to Support ConditionBased Maintenance Plus – 18 Gay, David M A New Nonlinear Equations Test Problem – 351 Ge, Yingchun Encapsulation Application Research of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Environment – 171 Gea, Lie-Mine Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16 Gee, R. C. Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic Trough Development – 180 Gee, R. H. Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystallization – 96 Gehring, Jr, G A Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for Underwater Service (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 71 Geigel, Joe An Integrated Approach to Motion and Sound – 301

Gendreau, Keith Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission – 52 Genge, Gary G. RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration – 37 Gentz, Steven J. Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honeycomb Conical Seal Panel – 60 George, Daryl ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting, Bid Estimating Transfer Study – 75 Geraniotis, E Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multiplexing for High-Capacity Optical Networks – 335 Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Code-Division Multiple-Access for HighCapacity Optical Networks – 122

Geisz, J. III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multijunction Cell – 176 New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, TripleBandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for HighEfficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Systems – 176 Geitgey, Jason W The Determination of Remaining Satellite Propellant Using Measured Moments of Inertia – 366 Gelder, L. F. General Purpose Fissile Package, A Replacement for the 6M Specification Package – 76 Gelfand, Jeffrey A Internet-Based Cervical Screening Program – 232

Cytology

Gerlach, Karl R Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios – 85 Geurts, Carla L M Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain during Manual Work in Cold Weather – 197 Ghaffari, B Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multiplexing for High-Capacity Optical Networks – 335 Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Code-Division Multiple-Access for HighCapacity Optical Networks – 122

Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of Optical Signals – 122

Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of Optical Signals – 122

GaP1-

Gerein, Neil Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135

On Minimax Robust Data Fusion – 367

Geiger, Gadi Trainable Videorealistic Speech Animation – 153 for

Gerard, Odile Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic Tracking Capability – 387

Ghaffari, Behzad Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence and Hybrid Spread Spectrum – 405

Geraniotis, Evaggelos Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence and Hybrid Spread Spectrum – 405

Model

Throughput and Packet Error Probability of Cellular Frequency-Hopped SpreadSpectrum Radio Networks – 404

Distributed Detection from Multiple Sensors with Correlated Observations – 334

Geigel, Joseph An Integrated Virtual Environment System – 302

Geisz, J. F. Impurity-Band xNx – 180

Geranlotis, E Multiple-Access Capability of FrequencyHopped Spread-Spectrum Revisited: An Exact Analysis of the Effect of Unequal Power Levels – 404

Multireception Probabilities for FH/SSMA Communications – 336 Multi-Sensor Correlation and Quantization in Distributed Detection Systems – 154 Neural Networks for Sequential Discrimination of Radar Targets – 337 On Robust Continuous-Time Discrimination – 361 Optimal Quantization and Fusion in Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection of Weak Signals in Dependent Noise – 334 Quantization and Fusion for Multi-Sensor Discrimination from Dependent Observations – 383 Robust Distributed Discrete-Time Block and Sequential Detection in Uncertain Environments – 361 Robust Sequential Tests for Memoryless Discrimination From Dependent Observations – 372

Ghezel-Ayagh, H Development of a Ship Service Fuel Cell – 181 Ghodssi, Reza Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161 Gholz, Eugene National Security Space Policy in the U.S. and Europe. Trends and Choices – 34 Ghosh, Anunoy Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Database Systems in the Framework of Discrete Event Systems – 373 Ghosh, Mrinal K Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Processes With Average Cost Criterion: A Survey – 369 Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions With Application to Flexible Manufacturing Systems – 382 Gianardi, Jr, D M High Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Postprint) – 157

B-23

Giannecchini, Simone Geo-Spatial Tactical Decision Aid Systems: Fuzzy Logic for Supporting Decision Making – 387

Givi, P Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames – 146

Gibbs, M E Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233

Glass, W Innovative Concepts for SSA Applications – 33

Gibson, Diane L Performance Results of CMMI-Based Process Improvement – 316 Giersing, Birgitte K Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 Giffin, Jonathon T Automated Discovery of Mimicry Attacks – 380 Gildea, Daniel Skeletons in the Parser: Using a Shallow Parser to Improve Deep Parsing – 336 Gilkey, Robert H Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Safety and Enhancing Situation Awareness in General Aviation Environments – 411 Gill, Eberhard A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Interferometry – 51 Gillian, Ronnie E. Multidisciplinary Environments: A History of Engineering Framework Development – 317 Gilson, E. P. Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 406 Gimelsheim, N Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146 Gimelshein, S Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146 Ginely, D. S. Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183

Glaude, P A Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Organophosphorus Compounds – 69 Glavicic, M G X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstructure (PREPRINT) – 103 Glick, S. H. Plasma Surface Modification of Polymer Backsheets: Origins of Future Interfacial Barrier/Backsheet Failure – 176 Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for PV Packaging – 184 Gluck, J W Throughput and Packet Error Probability of Cellular Frequency-Hopped SpreadSpectrum Radio Networks – 404 Glumm, Monica M Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications – 117 Gneiting, Tilmann Combining Spatial Statistical and Ensemble Information in Probabilistic Weather Forecasts – 198 Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Sharpness – 368 Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Averaging – 198 Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction, and Estimation – 393 The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Verification – 358

Ginley, D. S. Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Dendrimers – 179

Goan, Terrance Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensitive Information through Bottleneck Monitoring – 438

Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials – 179

Godfroy, Tom Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 174

Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers – 177 Giordano, C. M. Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chloride Solutions Containing Organic Acids – 81 Giuli, Richard IRIS: Integrate, Share – 329

B-24

Relate.

Infer.

Godkar, Praful B Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 222 Godrey, R J Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice – 203

Goel, Neena CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Activity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 Goerss, James WindSat Applications for Weather Forecasters and Data Assimilation – 194 Golden, Frank The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258 Goldenberg, Anna Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385 Goldenson, Dennis R Performance Results of CMMI-Based Process Improvement – 316 Goldfedder, Brandon Expressive Threat Detection Validation Framework – 299 Goldman, Neil AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing, Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptivity and Trust Management – 384 Goldsmith, Paul Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416 Goldwurm, Andrea X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity – 449 Golech, Susanne A Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors – 216 Golinelli, Daniela Monitoring Employment Conditions of Military Spouses – 368 Golja, Petra Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty – 257 Gonzaga, Clovis C On the Convergence of the MizunoTodd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center of the Solution Set – 349 Gonzales, Regina M A Facilitator Method for Upstream Design Activities with Diverse Stakeholders – 310 Gonzalez, Francois SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for HighEnergy Astrophysics Mission – 51 Gonzalez, Richard R Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Dehydrated Rats – 87 Goode, Adam Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385 Gord, J R Experimental Study of Deflagration-toDetonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine – 27

Gordon, Mark S Electronic Structure Studies of High Energy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) – 93

Greeley, Hard P Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19

Electronic Structure Studies of Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – 93

Green, D. Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Vauum Decay – 397

Gordon, Richard K Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 222 Gore, Joseph Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission – 117 Gorham, Edward D Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program – 240 Gorham, P. W. Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos via Coherent Radio Emission – 420 Gorjanc, Jurij Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 Gosink, L. HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices – 440 Gough, John H Test of Models RAA and RAB Receiving Equipments – 123 Gowrisankaran, Swaminathan Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for Functionally Graded Propellants – 111 Grady, Monica Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457 Graetzel, M. Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge Movement – 177 Granata, J E Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35 Grasso, Raffaele Geo-Spatial Tactical Decision Aid Systems: Fuzzy Logic for Supporting Decision Making – 387 Gravens, Mark B Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Transformation – 377 Graves, Robert J Developing Scheduling Standards Using Regression Analysis: An Application Guide – 376 Gray-Hann, P. Recent Revisions to PVWATTS – 180 Graziano, Mariella FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59

Green, Donald J Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida – 74 Green, Lawrence L. Decision Support Tools – 387

Methods

and

Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Airfoil – 15 Green, R. Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 450 Green, Rob Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 Greene, William D. RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration – 37 Greenwood, D. Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Characterize Violence with Varying Confinement – 76 Gregory, Don A. Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159 Greif, R Effect of the Forearm Tissue Temperature on the Cold Induced Vasodilation – 198 Gremaud, Pierre A On a Powder lem – 69

Consolidation

Prob-

Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Through Nonaxisymmetric Hoppers – 144 Griffin, Timothy E Super Gate Turn-Off Thyristor – 141 Griffiths, J F A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Development Under Microgravity – 85 Grimes, J. Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 Grimes, John G Department of Defense Net-Centric Spectrum Management Strategy – 403 Grimit, Eric P The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Verification – 358 Grimm, O. Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418

Grimmett, Doug Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic Tracking Capability – 387 Benchmark Evaluation of Trackers – 413

Multistatic

Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Simulator for Tracker Performance Assessment – 314 Grimmett, Richard F Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia: Potential Implications – 23 Grimshaw, Andrew S Architectural Support for Extensibility and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed Object Systems – 292 Grimsley, G B Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Grisham, L. Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 406 Gritz, Larry An Integrated Approach to Motion and Sound – 301 An Integrated Virtual Environment System – 302 Groenland, T. Spacecraft Platform for Advanced Formation Flying – 62 Grosshandler, William Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame Behind a Step – 90 Groves, J F Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Materials Processing Technology – 91 Gschwender, Lois An Analysis of Weight Change in Filters – 166 Guang, C. Cryostat with Foil and MLI – 419 Gubina, Ferdo Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 Gubner, John Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 362 Guen, Levent Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Analytical Solutions and Approximations – 343 Guenduez, Mustafa E. Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60 Guest, DeNeice Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173

B-25

Guevara, Carolina Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218

Haag, Richard S Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 104

Guillaume, Anne Comment ameliorer la selection et le traitement des messages verbaux? (How to Improve the Selection and Processing of Verbal Messages) – 121

Haas, F Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34

Guinard, Dominique RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation – 286 Gulyaeva, T. L. Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Extensions with GPS-TEC Observations – 460 Gumbert, Clyde r. Decision Support Tools – 387

Methods

and

Gunasekar, P G Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Pigs – 65 Gundel, Alexander Support of Mission and Work Scheduling by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276 Gundling, Ernest Enabling Cultural Adaptability – 265 Guo, Jianwen Encapsulation Application Research of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Environment – 171 Gupta, M. K. Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation Mode – 187 Gupta, Satyandra K A Geometric Algorithm for Automated Design of Multi-Stage Molds for Manufacturing Multi-Material Objects – 161 Evaluating Product Machinability for Concurrent Engineering – 385 Guruli, Georgi Activation and Protection of Dendritic Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environment – 227 Guynn, Mark NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis – 374

Haas, Gary A Three-Dimensional Change Detection With the Use of an Evidence Grid – 154 Hadaegh, Fred Y. An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer – 53 Haddad, Diana Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224 Hagemeister, Kurt W Computerized Compendium of Standards – 429 Haguenauer, P. Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner and Baseline Rotation – 416 Hahn, Andrew NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis – 374 Hahn, Fletcher F Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 Hahn, James K An Integrated Approach to Motion and Sound – 301 An Integrated Virtual Environment System – 302 Haimerl, Joseph A Neural Networks for Sequential Discrimination of Radar Targets – 337 Hale, Douglas A The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203 Hale, M. J. Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic Trough Development – 180

Guyton, James D Experiences with a Survey Tool for Discovering Network Time Protocol Servers – 323

Halfhide, Y F Overview of Sortie-Numbers in Various Operations (Overzicht Sortie-Aantallen in Diverse Operaties) – 6

Gwaltney, D. A. Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems – 25

Hall, Calllie Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173

Gwinner, D. Strategic Planning of Communications and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar Energy Technologies Program – 177

B-26

Hall, John A Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Personnel – 20

Hall, Kenneth C Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turbomachinery Airfoils – 142 Hall, Stanley Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 Hallenbeck, John Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 Hallett, John Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propagation and Global Modeling – 194 Hamalainen, H. Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation – 268 Hamins, Anthony Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame Behind a Step – 90 Haney, R J Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 Hanley, W. Multiple-Event Markov-Chain nique – 290

Location Using the Monte Carlo Tech-

Hanna, M. C. Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple Exciton Generation – 178 Hansch, Steven Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 86 Hansen, Les Feasibility Study: Automated Painting of Pipe Pieces, Hangers, and Other Small Parts: Maximizing Shop Painting Operations Task 3.84.4 – 72 Hansen, Thorkild B Probe-Corrected Near-Field Measurements on a Truncated Cylinder – 390 Hanson, Hans Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124 Hansson, Gunnar C Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer – 210 Hanzalek, W High Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurgical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 100

Hao, Xianjun A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers – 112

Hashiguchi, Tomohiro Wavelength Routing/Optical Switching/Optical Access work – 281

Harai, Hiroaki Studies on Architecture and Control Technology for Optical Packet Switches – 127

Hashim, S A The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109

Hardaway ,Jr , C S Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Breakwater Systems – 194 Hardy, Darren R Customized Information Extraction as a Basis for Resource Discovery – 435 Hargus, Jr , William A Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 404

Burst Net-

Hashimoto, Tatsuaki Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit – 55 The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using SuperConducting Magnets – 62 Hasibuan, Franky Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program – 240

Hawkins, Jeffrey WindSat Applications for Weather Forecasters and Data Assimilation – 194 Hawkins, P J Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Surface Preparation and Coatings – 73 Hayduk, Michael J Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 Hayes, John P Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit Synthesis and Testing – 138 Hayward, Simon W Therapy Selection ing – 237

by

Gene

Profil-

Hass, D D Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Materials Processing Technology – 91

He, Daqing Exploring Interactive Relevance Feedback With a Two-Pass Study Design – 427

Hargus Jr , William A Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42

Hassi, Juhani Prediction and Prevention of Frostbite – 242

Head, J. W. III Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 450

Hargus, Jr , WIlliam Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint) – 42

Hastings, L. J. Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141

Head, James W., III Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451

Hargus, William A Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Near-Field Plasma Properties of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 311 Complementary Density Measurements for the 200W Busek Hall Thruster (PREPRINT) – 417 Harper, William H Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Correction Insert Stability Evaluation – 261 Harper, William The Effect of Various Display Modalities on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Performance – 265 Harris, Joe The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Combined Abrasive Recycling and Containment - Final Report With Summary and Conclusions – 67 Harrison, Catherine Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Sizing – 279 Harrison, Richard A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240 Hart, Sean J Refractive Index Determination of Biological Particles – 97

Hatakeyama, Ichiro Research and Development of HighCapacity Optical Link Technologies – 291 Hatch, Andrew Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133 Model Development for Piezoceramic Nanopositioners – 106 Parameter Estimation Techniques for a Polarization Hysteresis Model – 398 Hathaway, David H. Examination of the Armagh Observatory Annual Mean Temperature Record, 1844-2004 – 199 Hathaway, Michael D. Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas Turbine – 29 Hattrup, Christine L Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer – 210 Haumschilt, Lynwood P Group Technology/Flow Applications Research (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 260 Hausgen, P Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35 Hauss, Bruce A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers – 112

Head, James W, III Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 Heagy, Dale Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Hedayat, A. Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 Heider, Jr , P F Fluidized Bed cess – 86

Biodenitrification

Pro-

Heimbigner, Dennis A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for Distributed Configuration Management – 310 A Reusable, Distributed Repository for Configuration Management Policy Programming – 312 Active Relations for Specifying and Implementing Software Object Management – 326 Investigating the Applicability of Architecture Description in Configuration Management and Software Deployment – 303 Held, B Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of High-Performance Vacuum Electronic Devices – 434 Helfer, Thomas M Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 – 253

B-27

Helizon, Roger Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35

Herlocker, Jon KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330

Hellman, H. Spacecraft Platform for Advanced Formation Flying – 62

Herman, Peter Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet FabryPerot Interferometers – 459

Hinze, Nicholas NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5

Henderson, L M Report of Visit to the Public Health College and Training Center at Gondar, February 22-25, 1961 – 219

Hernandez, Corey D. Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79

Hirsch, Brian J Maneuver Estimation Model for Geostationary Orbit Determination – 38

Herren, Kenneth Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159

Hirsh, Hayn Adding Numbers to Text Classification – 428

Hertz, L Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233

Hitzrot, William The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Reduced Volume of Spent Abrasive in Open Air Blasting – 67

Hetrick, Griffin Effects of Frequency and Environment on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg. C – 88

Hoagland, N. T. Integration of an Economy Under Imperfect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Ecological Model – 283

Henderson, Thomas C Agent-Based Engineering Analysis – 324

Drawing

Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in Engineering Drawing Analysis – 301 Hendler, James Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements – 337 Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning With a Multi-Level Architecture – 336 Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architectures and Motion Control – 300 PRA: Massively Search – 382

Parallel

Heuristic

Henkel, Sven Components for Cooperative Intrusion Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environments – 317 Hennon, Christopther C Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195 Hensel, S. J. Type B Package Radioactive Material Content Compliance – 76 Henshall, Paul A Proposal to Develop and Test a FibreOptic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion System for Microsatellites – 415 Hepburn, Frank L. High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-onFoam Insulation (SOFI) – 45

Heus, Ronald Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines – 261 Hewett, J. L. Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Parameters – 401 Heyman, Richard E Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduction Systems for Family Maltreatment, Suicidality, and Substance Problems in the USAF – 257 Hickey, Patrick A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240 Hilal, S. H. Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems from Molecular Structure by SPARC – 282 Hildreth, Bruce L. Progress Toward a Format Standard for Flight Dynamics Models – 30

Heppner, D G Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224

Hildreth, Steven A Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues for Congress – 158

Heraud, Jean-Michel Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228

Hill, Christopher A Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Effects of a Towline Using the Method of Characteristics – 16

Herencia, Julio Antonio Carbayo Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots – 267

Hiller, R. Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at the Savannah River Site – 110

Hergenrother, Paul M. Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides – 75

Hillman, T. Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems Analysis – 182

Hericko, Marjan Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern Realizations – 303

Hillson, Roger Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Impact Models – 412

B-28

Hinglais, Emmanuel SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for HighEnergy Astrophysics Mission – 51

Hoek, Andre van der A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for Distributed Configuration Management – 310 A Reusable, Distributed Repository for Configuration Management Policy Programming – 312 Investigating the Applicability of Architecture Description in Configuration Management and Software Deployment – 303 Hoek, Andre Van Der Visualizing Parallel Workspace Activities – 377 Hoekstra, A NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Optics of Biological Particles. Held in Novosibirsk, Russia on 3-6 Oct 2005 – 415 Hoeschl, Pavel Growth and Characterization of Large Diameter CdNzTe Crystals – 138 Hoff, Peter D Model Averaging and Dimension Selection for the Singular Value Decomposition – 395 Hoffmaster, Alex R Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 Hofmann, Hubert F Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organizations: A Preliminary Report – 298 Hogan, J H Thermal Conductivity of Composites Under Different Heating Scenarios – 420 Hoge, Charles W. Building Psychological Resiliency and Mitigating the Risks of Combat and Deployment Stressors Faced by Soldiers – 278

Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Land Combat Study – 277

Hoover, Timothy A Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219

Hoke, J L Experimental Study of Deflagration-toDetonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine – 27

Hopcroft, Robyn Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21

Hoke, John Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed Detonation Engine – 113 Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28 Initiation of Detonation in a Large Tube – 27 Integration of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With an Ejector Pump and With a Turbo-Charger as Methods to SelfAspirate – 28 Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With a Turbine – 28 Holder, Donald W. The Exploration Water Recovery System – 442 Holland, Dwight Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 Hollett, R D At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement Technique and First Results – 387 Holmes, Michael D The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Measuring Systems for Increased Accuracy and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Repair – 311 Holmes, Violeta The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing – 285 Holt, Mike ISS Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Project -2006 Update – 80 Honeyman, Allen L Transcriptional Analysis of the bgIP Gene from Streptococcus mutans – 229 Hoover, David L A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241 Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254 Hoover, Richard Fossil Microorganisms chaean – 168

in

Ar-

Hoppe, Daniel Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416 Horne, W. Clifton Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1 Horrey, William J Supporting Situation Assessment through Attention Guidance: A CostBenefit and Depth of Processing Analysis – 259 Horsmon, Jr , Albert W Computerized Compendium of Standards – 429 Horsmon, Jr, Albert W Standards Database Phase II – 425

Maintenance

Horvat, Bogomir Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 Hosangadi, Ashvin Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Houghteling, Bob Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Houlette, Ryan Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Without Programmers – 309 Hourlier, Sylvain Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach – 10 House, Carol Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty – 257 Houts, Mike Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 174 Houtsma, Adrianus Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and Contact Microphones – 121 How, Jonathan P. GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53

Howell, K. C. Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and Non-Natural Arcs – 49 Howser, B C Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 98 Howser, Ben Tracking System for Automatic Welding. Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip Life for Through-the-Arc Welding System – 163 Hoyt, Reed W Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Dehydrated Rats – 87 Hryniewicz, Anna Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228 Hu, Yan-Ru Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying – 59 Huaman, Alfredo Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218 Huang, C. Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407 Huang, D H Innovative Concepts for SSA Applications – 33 Huang, M. X. Observational Signatures and NonGaussianities of General Single Field Inflation – 397 Huang, T S Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107 Huber, Heinz A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites – 189 Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189 Huebner, Robert C Development and Testing of a Novel Standard Particle for Performance Verification of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detection Systems – 112 Hulka, James Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors – 61

Strate-

Hull, Patrick V. Habitat Design Optimization and Analysis – 452

Howard, David E. Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation – 165

Hull, R Incorporating Active and Multi-DatabaseState Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit – 310

Semimajor gies – 53

Axis

Estimation

B-29

Humphrey, Marty VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313

Adaptive Compensators for Perturbed Positive Real Infinite Dimensional Systems – 378

Jaegar, Stefan Entropy, Perception, ity – 427

Humphrey, Watts Systems of Systems: Scaling Up the Development Process – 327

Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflectance – 135

Humphreys, F J Deformation Microstructure in BetaTitanium After Deformation at Low Temperatures – 102

Real-Time Process Monitoring by P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Epitaxy – 419

Jaeger, Stephen M. Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1

Humphreys, Robert E Intra-Prostate Cancer ducer – 249

Vaccine

In-

Hung, Chou Ultra-FDst Object Recognition from Few Spikes – 252 Hunter, James R Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 Hurst, Cindy China’s Oil Rush in Africa – 107 Husemann, Joyce A Histogram Estimators of Bivariate Densities – 365 Hust, G. A. Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80 Huxel, Paul J. Navigation Algorithms for Formation Flying Missions – 52 Hwang, P. K. F. Cryostat with Foil and MLI – 419 Ickes, Brian S Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program: Predicted versus Observed Catch – 114 IJzerman, C. The Risk Assessment of Occupational and Environmental Hazards – 272 Im, Hong G Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Premixed Flames – 353 Imaizumi, Hideaki Wavelength Routing/Optical Switching/Optical Access work – 281

Burst Net-

Imbriale, William Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416 Imrich, K. J. Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Effects of Burst Properties of Pressure Vessels – 77 Ishido, Motoi A Four-Component Decomposition of POLSAR Image – 426 Ito, K A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) – 134

B-30

Ito, Kazi Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Magnetorheological Fluids – 145 Ito, Kazufumi Gaussian Filters for Nonlinear Filtering Problems – 348 Ito, Toshiharu Research and Development of HighCapacity Optical Link Technologies – 291 Itoh, Hiroshi Novel Techniques and Their Applications for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of Welded Structures (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 Itti, Laurent Attentional Selection for Object Recognition - A Gentle Way – 340 Iwaniczko, E. 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 Jabbour, Rabih E Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry – 235 Jackson, E. Bruce Progress Toward a Format Standard for Flight Dynamics Models – 30 Jackson, Eric M. Building SMART Leadership – 423 Jackson, P A Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 Jackson, Terresa Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Military Domains – 436 Jacobs, William RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration – 37 Jacobson, Stuart A Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161 Jacobstein, A. Ronald Method and Apparatus for the Portable Identification Of Material Thickness And Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Spatially Controlled Heat Application – 113

and

Relativ-

Jaenen, Suzanne Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness – 271 Jahnke, Marko Components for Cooperative Intrusion Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environments – 317 JaJa, J Provably Good Parallel Algorithms for Channel Routing of Multi-Terminal Nets – 326 Jakobsson, Bjoern Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO – 57 James, John T. Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Ethical Implications and Human Risk Assessment – 201 James, Kevin D. Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1 James, Soo H Experimentation to Address Appropriate Test Techniques for Measuring the Attenuation Provided by Double ANR Hearing Protectors – 410 James, Soo Investigating Double Hearing Protection using Human Subjects – 411 James, William F Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake – 85 Jameson, Jr, Robert E Development and Validation of Reentry Simulation Using MATLAB – 390 Janning, Dan S Measurement of the Propagation Constant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Array (Preprint) – 137 Jarrell, Michael A. New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Weather-Related Accidents – 24 Jean-Bertrand, Nottet Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Jederberg, W W Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111 Jeffries, Rhett Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turbomachinery Airfoils – 142

Jelenak, Zorana WindSat Applications for Weather Forecasters and Data Assimilation – 194

Johnson, D. K. Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407

Jennings, D. J. Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446

Johnson, Dagny E. The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274

Jennison, Chris Making Robot Planes Useful for Scientific Investigation of Earth – 13

Johnson, Dagny Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267

Jensen, E. J. Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulonimbus Clouds – 195 Jensen, Eric J. Role of Deep Convection in Establishing the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 Jensen, Randy Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to an Existing Training Simulation – 332 Jersey, Sarah R Expedient Gap Definition Using 3D LADAR – 155 Jessup, John G Implementation of Advanced Technology in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Workshop Report – 379 Jester, S. Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449 Jett, Marti Breast Cancer in African American Women: Molecular Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes – 201 Jezernik, Karel Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 Jha, Somesh Automated Discovery of Mimicry Attacks – 380 Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI on PKI – 327 Jin, S. Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Final Report – 87 Jin, Victoria Y Computation of Delays in Acyclical Distributed Decisionmaking Organizations – 429

Johnson, J. C. Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple Exciton Generation – 178 Johnson, Nicholas A The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Verification – 358 Johnson, S. Understanding the Potential and Limitations of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar Cells – 181 Johnston, Sterling Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164 Jolly, J A Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Approach to Managing Innovation in the Public Sector – 426 Jolly, M R Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Magnetorheological Fluids – 145 Jones, D. E. G. Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of FOX-7 – 96 Jones, Dayton L. Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strategies for Large DSN Arrays – 46 Jones, Gregg Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors – 61 Jones, Jack Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to Xpatch – 313

Jones, Sharon NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375 Jones, W L Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195 Jonkman, A. Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness during Sustained Operations – 273 Joo, Inhak A Smart Web Platform for Telematics Services Toward Ubiquitous Environments – 324 Jordan, Angel Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296 Jordan, Nikki N Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 – 253 Jordon, Mark L Activation and Protection of Dendritic Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environment – 227 Jorgensen, G. J. Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsulant Formulations at NREL – 175 Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for PV Packaging – 184 Jorgensen, Torben Localization Performance of Real and Virtual Sound Sources – 21 Joshi, C. Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407 Joshi, K. N. Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation Mode – 187 Jost, Hans-Juerg CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199

Jisl, Pavel Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Environment – 333

Jones, Jerald E Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164

Johannesson, G. Multiple-Event Markov-Chain nique – 290

Location Using the Monte Carlo Tech-

Jones, Rhian H. Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt Breccia that Experienced Post-shock Annealing – 457

Junphong, P. System of Nanosecond 280-kevVHe(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418

Johnson, Bradley D Including Nearshore Processes in Phase-Averaged Hydrodynamics Models – 391

Jones, Ronald Video Moving Target Indication in the Analysts’ Detection Support System – 153

Juricic, Dani Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis – 376

Jung, Mira O Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases for Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancer – 215

B-31

Jurkovic, Franc Electromechanical Television Systems with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and Synthesis – 131

Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189

Justh, Eric W Convergence Analysis of a Class of Networks of Nonlinear Coupled Oscillators – 128

Kalyanaram, Vaniambadi S Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228

Justh, Hilary L. Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Venus and Earth – 452 Justus, C. G. Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Venus and Earth – 452 Kaaret, Philip X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity – 449 Kabbur, M B Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Pigs – 65 Kachru, S. Observational Signatures and NonGaussianities of General Single Field Inflation – 397 Kaczmarek, Malgosia Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Liquid Crystals – 94 Kahng, Seun K. Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 Kai, Yutaka Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF for Remotely Controlling LambdaPaths – 126 Kaiser, Edward C Edge-Splitting in a Cumulative Multimodal System, for a No-Wait Temporal Threshold on Information Fusion, Combined with an Under-Specified Display – 336 Kaiser, Kevin Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program – 240 Kalata-Olson, Jody The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and Fluorescence Effects – 414 Kalisz, Irene Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228 Kallemeyn, Gregory W. Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith Formation from H3 Chondrite Material by Possible Cometary Impact – 454 Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457

B-32

Kamae, T. Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission – 450 Kamaepakov, T. Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment – 449

Karason, Steingrimur P Identification and Control of Haptic Systems: A Computational Theory – 350 Karinkanta, J. Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation – 268 Karinthi, Raghu R Evaluating Product Machinability for Concurrent Engineering – 385 Karl, William C Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal Classification – 438

Kamijoh, Takeshi OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291

Karlsson, N. Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment – 449

Kamimori, Gary H. The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274

Karpovich, John F Architectural Support for Extensibility and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed Object Systems – 292

Kamio, Yukiyoshi OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291

Karsai, G Web-based Open Framework – 299

Kaneda, Ryosuke The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using SuperConducting Magnets – 62

Kartalev, Monio D New Techniques in Space Weather Forecasting – 40

Kano, Shinya Experiments of a Terabit-Class SuperNetwork – 117

Kaspi, R Performance Comparison of Optically Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared Lasers – 158

Kantor, George A Linear Control Theory as Applied to Smart Structures – 372

Kasputis, Stephen Composable Simulations – 305

Kanungo, Tapas Software Architecture of PSET: A Page Segmentation Evaluation Toolkit – 300

Katta, Viswanath Initiation of Detonation in a Large Tube – 27

Kao, Chinghai PSES-A Novel Prostate Specific Chimeric Enhancer for Prostate Cancer Gene Therapy – 246

Kauffmann, Paul Longitudinal Study of the Market Penetration of Cockpit Weather Information Systems – 25

Kapila, Vikram Spacecraft Formation Flying near SunEarth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Generation and Adaptive Full-State Feedback Control – 52

Kauranen, Kari Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262

Kaplan, A M Fluidized Bed cess – 86

Kavaya, Michael J. Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode – 156

Biodenitrification

Pro-

Kaplan, D. I. From Sequential Extraction to Transport Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Contaminants – 64 Kaplan, Jeremy M A New Conceptual Framework for NetCentric, Enterprise-Wide, System-ofSystems Engineering – 386 Karamcheti, Vijay Efficiently Distributing ComponentBased Applications Across Wide-Area Environments – 295

Tool

Integration

Kawaguchi, Yoshiharu Regulation of p53 Activity by ReversibleAcetylation in Prostate Tumor Suppression – 206 Kawanishi, Tetsuya Advanced Optical Modulators for Nextgeneration Photonic Networks – 126 Kazman, Rick Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296

Keane, J. C. High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175

Kemmer, Teresa Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 86

Ketseoglou, Thomas Multireception Probabilities for FH/SSMA Communications – 336

Kecskes, Laszlo J Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105

Kempe, M. D. Rheological and Mechanical Considerations for Photovoltaic Encapsulants – 182

Ketten, Darlene R Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Impact Models – 412

Kedem, Benjamin Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Mapping Estimator for Frequency Estimation – 350 Estimation of Multiple Sinusoids by Parametric Filtering – 370 On the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Detection – 370 Strong Consistency of the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Estimation – 370 Kees, C E Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models for Groundwater Flow and Transport – 352 Kees, Christopher E Efficient Steady-State Solution Techniques for Variably Saturated Groundwater Flow – 145 Kehring, Kathy L Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications – 117 Keller, Vernon W. Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Venus and Earth – 452 Kelley, Anthony R. Balanced Orifice Plate – 104 Kelley, C T Efficient Steady-State Solution Techniques for Variably Saturated Groundwater Flow – 145 Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabilities Within the Positive-DifferentialResistance Regions of Tunneling Devices – 132 On a Powder lem – 69

Consolidation

Prob-

Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simulation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tunneling Devices – 132 Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models for Groundwater Flow and Transport – 352 Kelley, D A Planning Guide - New Technologies in Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 Kelly, P. A. The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258 Kelly, Richard T. Integration and Application of Human Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: Assessment of Network Centric Warfare Capabilities – 268

Kendall, Athena Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 Kenefick, John F The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of Distributive Systems Models. Phase 1 – 172 Kenney, Patrick Sean A Generic Multibody Parachute Simulation Model – 13 Kenny, Tara A Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219 Keohane, Meghan Investigation of Factors Affecting the Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ratio Discriminant – 370 Kerczewski, robert J. Performance, Capacity and Limitations of AMSS Communications – 115

Kettler, Brian Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements – 337 Keyes, Jennifer NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study – 459 KhairuddinHashim, Hanan Ettaher Dagez Online Learning Style and e-Learning Approaches – 285 Khan, Altaf Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction Tomography – 208 Khanna, Ravi Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161 Kharkovsky, S. High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-onFoam Insulation (SOFI) – 45 Kharkyanen, Valeriy N Theoretical Investigation of the Feasibility of PTD-Mediated Translocation of Proteins Across Artificial Membranes – 240

Kerczewski, Robert J. Simulation and Performance of Data Communication using AMSS – 12

Khatib, Lina Temporal Planning with Preferences and Probabilities – 381

Kerr, M Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simulation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tunneling Devices – 132

Khayatian, Behrouz Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416

Kersten, M. L. Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting Vertical Fragmentation – 280 Kersten, P R A Comparison of Change Detection Statistics in POLSAR Images – 314 Keskinen, Ossi Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262 Kessel, R T At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement Technique and First Results – 387

Khazanov, George High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of BBELF Turbulence – 417 Kielb, Robert E Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turbomachinery Airfoils – 142 Kienholz, David A Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environment for Dynamic Testing of Structures – 448 Kilberg, Steve Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission – 117

Kessel, Ronald T The Dynamics of Information Fusion: Synthetic Versus Misassociation – 440

Killcrece, Georgia Defining Incident Management Processes for CSIRTs: A Work in Progress – 322

Ketsdever, A Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146

Kilston, S. The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56

B-33

Kim, Jin-Ok Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Performance: Predicting Shooting Performance with Advanced Distributed Learning Assessments – 301 Kim, Michael H A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Escherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Production of Organophosphorus Hydrolase – 68 Kim, Mijeong A Smart Web Platform for Telematics Services Toward Ubiquitous Environments – 324

Kisner, James A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240 Kistemaker, Lyda Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines – 261 Kitayama, Ken-ichi R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in the World – 127 Klein, Randal Environmental Assessment (EA): Proposed Carriage Test Facility, Hill Air Force Base, Utah – 186

Kim, Minsoo A Smart Web Platform for Telematics Services Toward Ubiquitous Environments – 324

Klemperer, Elizabeth Correlation of Chemical Warfare Surrogate Tests on Air-Permeable Chemical Protective Uniforms – 115

Kim, Taihyun Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for Detecting Incipient Instability – 129

Kloepping, W. Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness during Sustained Operations – 273

Noisy Precursors for Nonlinear System Instability With Application to Axial Flow Compressors – 343 Kim, Young-Kuk Managing Contention and Timing Constraints in a Real-Time Database System – 426 Kimmel, Bill Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375 King, Lisa R Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228 King, Paul I Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branching in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 Propagation of Detonation Waves in Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust Tube – 27 King, Paul T Xenon Feed System Progress – 92 King, R Incorporating Active and Multi-DatabaseState Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit – 310 King, William H Development of a Malicious Insider Composite Vulnerability Assessment Methodology – 324 Kinlin, Donna Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution Planning and Control – 121 Kirk, Allan D The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203

B-34

Kloeris, Vickie Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Last 45 Years – 255

Koch, L. Danielle An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans – 407 Kocjan, Nina Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty – 257 Kodama, Takeshi Experiments of a Terabit-Class SuperNetwork – 117 Kodymova, Jarmila COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92 Koi, T. Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment – 449 Kojima, F Identification of Materiel Damage in Two Dimensional Domains Using Squid Based NDE System – 364

Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years – 221

Kolacz, Richard Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission – 117

Klonoff, David Second Annual Clinical Diabetes Technology Meeting – 204

Kolb, G. Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Project – 177

Klose, K. Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418

Komarek, Jeanie Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385

Knaus, Darin A Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19

Komerath, N Performance Analysis of a Wing With Multiple Winglets – 3

Knoblich, U A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex – 251

Konangi, Vijay K. Performance, Capacity and Limitations of AMSS Communications – 115

Knox, Susan J Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer – 205

Kong, Edmund M. SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Development and Validation Testbed: Current Progress and Beyond – 55

Ko, Dong-Ik Modeling of Block-Based DSP Systems – 292

Konrad, Mike CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: What We Learned – 297

Ko, Eric C CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Generation of Molecular Probes Capable of Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu Peptide Complex – 247

Kooistra, Scott Initial Technology Assessment for the Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) System – 152

Ko, Wing F A Systems Engineering Approach to Design a Smart Tool Post Structure – 373

Koontz, Steven L. Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47

Kobayashi, Shuko OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291

Koopman, D. C. Rehological Characterization of Unusal DWPF Slurry Samples – 64

Koch, Christof Attentional Selection for Object Recognition - A Gentle Way – 340

Koops, A. Development of a Silent Tow System – 408

Simulation and Performance of Data Communication using AMSS – 12

Kopidakis, N. Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Dendrimers – 179

Kowalski, R. J. Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos via Coherent Radio Emission – 420

Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge Movement – 177

Kramer, C. New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, TripleBandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for HighEfficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Systems – 176

Korte, John Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375 Koshland, Catherine P On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays – 83 Koski, H. Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation – 268 Kosnick, Scott Terrorism and its Impact on the Construction Industry – 168 Kost, Keith Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organizations: A Preliminary Report – 298 Performance Results of CMMI-Based Process Improvement – 316 Kostevc, Drago Two Methods for Calibration Without A Through Connection On A ThreeSampler Vector Analyzer – 283 Kothnur, Vasanth S An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Dynamic Ductile Fracture in Stainless Steel Welds – 103 Kottke, Thomas A Simple Data Logging System for Ballistic Applications – 135 Kouh, M A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex – 251 Kouh, Minjoon General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252 Shape Representation in V4: Investigating Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Confirmation with the Standard Model of Object Recognition – 252 Kovac, Dobroslav Electrical Drive pling – 130

Inductive

Cou-

Kovacevic, Branko Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science According to Bologna Process – 289 Kovacic, Stanislav Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents – 151 Kovacova, Irena Electrical Drive pling – 130

Inductive

Cou-

Understanding the Potential and Limitations of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar Cells – 181 Kramlich, J. C. Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxidation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. Annual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005 – 187 Krasnykh, Victor Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 246 Kraus, Nicholas C Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124 Krauss, R H Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and Water/NaOH Solutions – 352 Kreiman, Gabriel Ultra-FDst Object Recognition from Few Spikes – 252 Kreiman, G A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex – 251 Krieger, G. Close Formation Flight of MicroSatellites for SAR Interferometry – 49 Krishnamurthy, Sridhar Provably Good Parallel Algorithms for Channel Routing of Multi-Terminal Nets – 326

Neural Networks for Tactile Perception – 294 On the Dynamics of Floating Four-Bar Linkages – 392 Optimal Control and Poisson Reduction – 360 Relative Equilibria for Two Rigid Bodies Connected by a Ball-in-Socket Joint – 405 Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Gravitational Field – 34 Krist, Steven E. Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16 Kronstadt, K A Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia: Potential Implications – 23 Krouse, William Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: 9/11 Commission Recommendations and Related Issues – 260 Krupinski, Elizabeth A B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Radiology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual Search Efficiency – 213 Ku, D Y High Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurgical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 100 Visual Reference Standards for Weld Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99 Kubica, Jeremy Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385 Kubota, Fumito OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 Kugler, Jacek Senturion: A Predictive Political Simulation Model – 314

Krishnan, K Tocotrienols and Prostate Cancer – 207

Kulkarni, P. Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1, 2003 to September 30, 2005 – 81

Krishnaprasad, P S Affine Frames of rational Wavelets in H2(II+) – 396

Kumar, Ajay Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375

Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body Systems – 364 Dissipation Induced Instabilities – 406 Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Optimal Movement – 359 Gyroscopic tion – 445

Control

and

Stabiliza-

High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – 394 Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architectures and Motion Control – 300 Modeling of Impact Beam – 360

on a Flexible

Kumar, Malay A Geometric Algorithm for Automated Design of Multi-Stage Molds for Manufacturing Multi-Material Objects – 161 Kumar, Ratnesh Language Stability and Stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 383 Predicates and Predicate Transformers for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 382 Kumar, S Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203

B-35

Kunde, V. G. Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446 Kunieda, Hideyo Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit – 55 Kunihiro, Tak Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of LowFeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 Kunihiro, Takuya Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith Formation from H3 Chondrite Material by Possible Cometary Impact – 454 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 454 Kurata, Kazuhiko Research and Development of HighCapacity Optical Link Technologies – 291 Kurtz, S. New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, TripleBandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for HighEfficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Systems – 176 Understanding the Potential and Limitations of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar Cells – 181 Kushner, Susan Techniques for Developing an Acquisition Strategy by Profiling Software Risks – 307 Kutsuzawa, Satoko OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 Kutter, Bernard Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management – 143 Kwon, Daniel W. Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62

Labeyrie, Antoine PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope Concept and its Applications at Different Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000 Km) – 443

Lapham, Mary A Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) and Final Design Review (FDR) Criteria – 297

Lacevic, N. M. Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystallization – 96

Sys-

Lafleur, Jarret M. Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60 Lai, Ming-Chih Fast Solvers for 3D Poisson Equations Involving Interfaces in an Finite or the Infinite Domain – 355 Lam, P. S. Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Effects of Burst Properties of Pressure Vessels – 77 Tritium Reservoir Structural Performance Prediction – 77 Lamb, Thomas Shell Plate Definition Guide for Ship Designers (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 104

Larson, Magnus Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124 Larson, Richard R. Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Lasater, M I Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabilities Within the Positive-DifferentialResistance Regions of Tunneling Devices – 132 Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simulation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tunneling Devices – 132 Latorre, R Soviet Technique for Estimating PostWelded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162

Lane, Christopher Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Relative Motion – 54

Latvala, Jari A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270

Lane, Douglas Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219

Lau, Yun-Fai C The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in Prostatic Oncogenesis – 207

Lane, Helen W. Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Last 45 Years – 255 Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years – 221 Lane, Kimberly Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? – 332

Kynard, Michael H. RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration – 37

Laner, Stephen Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Approach to Managing Innovation in the Public Sector – 426

Kyrolainen, H. Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation – 268

Langenberg, J. P. HFM-057: Biotechnologies for Assessment of Toxic Hazards in Operational Environments – 265

B-36

Larson, C W Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42

Lamecki, Adam High Accuracy Multidimensional Parameterized Surrogate Models for Fast Optimization of Microwave Circuits in the Industry Standard Circuit Simulators – 108

Kwork, Q. S. M. Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of FOX-7 – 96

Kyrolainen, Heikki Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262

Lapham, Mary Ann Sustaining Software-Intensive tems – 318

Langhelm, J The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98 Langner, J. Superconducting Photocathodes – 396

Lauko, I Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflectance – 135 LaVigna, Anthony A Continuous-Time Distributed Version of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing Problem – 341 Lawrence, Robert E. Energy Index For vers – 30

Aircraft

Lawrence-Slavas, N. KEO Mooring Engineering sis – 193

Maneu-

Analy-

Laws, Kenneth Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 Lazzarini, A K Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and Water/NaOH Solutions – 352 Le, D Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34

Le, M. P. Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Parameters – 401 Learned, Rachel E Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal Classification – 438 Lebak, J M Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 Lebensohn, R A Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Modelling of Textured Metals and Validation Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Test – 98 LeClair, A. Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450 Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446 Lee, Eunkyu A Smart Web Platform for Telematics Services Toward Ubiquitous Environments – 324 Lee, Hsien-Chiarn Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-ofAttack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation Control – 31 Robust Control of Bifurcating Nonlinear Systems With Applications – 342 Lee, J S A Comparison of Change Detection Statistics in POLSAR Images – 314 Lee, Jaewoong Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107 Lee, J. The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258 Lee, Jong W An Integrated Approach to Motion and Sound – 301

Leger, A Double protection passive pour les equipages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Concept et etude experimentale (Design and Experimental Study of the Passive Double Hearing Protection for the Crew of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411 Leger, Alain Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach – 10 Lehr, Matthew R Managing Contention and Timing Constraints in a Real-Time Database System – 426 Lei, X. C. Towards a Unified Approach to Information Integration A Review Paper on Data/Information Fusion – 280 Leitner, J. The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56 Leitner, Jesse Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission – 52 Lekpresert, B. System of Nanosecond 280-kevVHe(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418 Lenz, Frederick Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors – 216 Leonard, Naomi E High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – 394 Leong, K Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts – 259

Levis, Alexander H Computation of Delays in Acyclical Distributed Decisionmaking Organizations – 429 Levoy, Terry E Development of a Methodology for Customizing Insider Threat Auditing on a Microsoft Windows XP Operating System – 324 Lewis, B M Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and Compensators: A State-Dependent Riccati Equation Approach – 355 Lewis, Grace A Model Problems in Technologies for Interoperability: Web Services – 316 Lewis, Grace Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296 Lewis, Johnnye L Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness – 250 Lewis, Michael J Architectural Support for Extensibility and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed Object Systems – 292 Lewis, Russell J. Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Cargo Industry – 6 Leyre, Xavier First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54 Li, Guangye Successive Column Correction Algorithms for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 348 The Combined Schubert/Secant FiniteDifference Algorithm for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347

Lepsch, Roger NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis – 374

Li, Jun Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139

Lee, Margaret M Immigration: Analysis of the Major Provisions of the REAL ID Act of 2005 – 302

Lescreve, Francois Improving Military Recruit Quality Through Smart Classification Technology – 305

Li, Qunhua Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust Model-Based Segmentation of Microarray Images – 369

Lee, Robyn B Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004 – 253

Leski, Tomasz A Refractive Index Determination of Biological Particles – 97

Li, S. Sensitivity Analysis of DifferentialAlgebraic Equations and Partial Differential Equations – 281

An Integrated Virtual Environment System – 302

Lee, Roger Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416

Lestarquit, Laurent A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128

Lee, Thomas J Online Query Relaxation via Bayesian Causal Structures Discovery – 436

Leter, Alain First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54

Lee, Thomas WindSat Applications for Weather Forecasters and Data Assimilation – 194

Levin, D A O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction Probabilities in DSMC – 357

Li, Ta-Hsin Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Mapping Estimator for Frequency Estimation – 350 Estimation of Multiple Sinusoids by Parametric Filtering – 370 Li, Ta-hsin Strong Consistency of the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Estimation – 370

B-37

Li, Xiaoyan Sentence Level Information Patterns for Novelty Detection – 437

Lim, Nelson Monitoring Employment Conditions of Military Spouses – 368

Liu, A. The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56

Li, Y Y Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM – 225

Lin, David M Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Commercial GPS Receiver Through Software Approach (Preprint) – 306

Liu, Hanli Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245

Li, Yingyue Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223

Lin, Freeman C Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios – 85

Li, Zhilin Fast Solvers for 3D Poisson Equations Involving Interfaces in an Finite or the Infinite Domain – 355

Lin, Jyhfong Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Very Large Time-Constant Circuits – 406

Liu, Jingwen Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Selected Application of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients – 243

Liang, J Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107 Liaw, D C Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36 Liaw, Der-Cherng Active Control of Compressor Stall inception: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Approach – 148 Application of Center Manifold Reduction to System Stabilization – 392 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 146 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study – 148 Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During Station-Keeping – 35 Lichodziejewski, David Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar Arrays – 41 Lieber, Charles Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137 Lieberman, Harris R Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Use among Elite U.S. Army Soldiers – 438 Liechti, Olivier RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation – 286 Liewer, K. Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner and Baseline Rotation – 416 Lif, Patrik Swedish Projects – 11

Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor NonFiltering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifiers – 405

Liu, Nan-Suey Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Flow Path and Sampling System – 26

Lin, Xiaobiao Fast Solvers for 3D Poisson Equations Involving Interfaces in an Finite or the Infinite Domain – 355

Liu, Shiqiang S Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Research and Development (R&R) Support: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Earth Magnets – 102

Lin, Z. W. Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Different Energies on the Radiation Hazard from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461

Liu, Simon Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35

Linde, George J Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere with Millimeter-Wave Radar – 152

Liu, Wanguo Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 247

Lindem, Ge E Advanced Propagation Model (APM) Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern California Desert – 196

Liu, Yuhui Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the Human Head – 410

Lindenmoyer, Allan Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Demonstrations – 45

Llambiri, Deni Efficiently Distributing ComponentBased Applications Across Wide-Area Environments – 295

Linteris, G T Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and Water/NaOH Solutions – 352 Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Blends of Inert and Catalytic Agents – 91 Liou, Lee Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Commercial GPS Receiver Through Software Approach (Preprint) – 306 Lippert, Ross Asymptotics of Gaussian Regularized Least-Squares – 395

Lockard, George E. Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode – 156 Loewenstein, Max CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Loftus, David J. Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Cells, Tissues, and Medical Devices – 254

Lightsey, E. Glenn Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receivers – 57

Lipson, Howard Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296

Lilly, Michael Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Prostate Cancer – 213

Lister, Sarah A An Overview of the U.S. Public Health System in the Context of Emergency Preparedness – 217

Logue, F Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373

Lilly, T Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146

Littman, Michael L Confidence Bands Curves – 330

London, John R., III The DARPA/USAF Falcon Small Launch Vehicles – 36

B-38

for

ROC

Logothetis, Christopher J The Clinical Development of Thalildomide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245

Program

Long, Duncan Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited – 441 Long, T E Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/PropyleneStyrene Triblock Copolymers – 108 Lonie, Chris The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 Lonsdale, Colin J Studies of Enhanced Performance of the Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Observation and Space Weather – 447 Lopez, Jimena P. CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Lopez, Juan L A Comparison of Trajectory Determination Approaches for Small UAVs – 22 Lopez, Lilian System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 433 Lopez-Almansa, Jose-Maria A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 Lopez-Lopez, J. Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 270 Lorente, J M Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 Lorentzen, J R Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35 Lorenzetti, Silvio Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457 Loughmiller, C M Analytical Determination of Airborne Radar Response to Extraneous Inputs – 155 Louie, Jennifer On the Role of Object-Specific Features for Real World Object Recognition in Biological Vision – 338 Lovell, T. Alan Application of a Relative Motion Guidance Algorithm to Formation Reassignment – 59 Lu, Bo Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vascular Endothelium – 249

Lu, Chenyang ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture for Feedback Control of Software Performance – 296 VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313 Lu, Victor The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58 Lu, W. Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407 Lucas, Donald On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays – 83 Lucht, R. P. Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams – 419 Luckner, Jerzy Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Fracture – 402 Ludwig, Frank L Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 Luebke, William H Novel Techniques and Their Applications for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of Welded Structures (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 Lueck, Dale E. Self-Calibrating ducer – 160

Pressure

Trans-

Lukens, Dennis C A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Escherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Production of Organophosphorus Hydrolase – 68

Luquette, Richard J. Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission – 52 Lurie, Sergey A Nanoscale Mechanism of Composite Reinforcement by Fibers and Filler, Theoretical Computation and Experimental Validation of the Theory Using Rubber/Short Carbon Fiber Compounds – 79 Lutz, Robyn R. Contingency Software in Autonomous Systems: Technical Level Briefing – 316 Lutz, Robyn Failure Assessment – 315 Ly, H V Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Magnetorheological Fluids – 145 Ly, Hung V Modeling and Control of Physical Processes Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition – 378 Lynch, Robert E. Energy Index vers – 30

For

Aircraft

Maneu-

Lyon, R. The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56 Lyon, Richard G. The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58 Lyons, John W Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited – 441 Ma, Dye-Jyu Steering Policies for Markov Decision Processes Under a Recurrence Condition – 367

Lukey, Brian J. U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness – 273

Mac Low, M. Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular Clouds – 448

Lund, David C Gulf Stream Temperature, Salinity and Transport During the Last Millennium – 172

MacDonald, Justin A An Algorithm for the Accurate Localization of Sounds – 137

Lunde, Bruce Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173

Maciel, Maria C A Global Convergence Theory for General Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for Equality Constrained Optimization – 347

Lundquist, Arthur Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 88

Mack, Terry L. Self-activating System and Method for Alerting When an Object or a Person is Left Unattended – 140

Lupa, Henry Exercise Following Simulated Parachuting from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Reduced and is the Probability of Post Descent Decompression Sickness Increased? – 275

Macskassy, Sofus A Adding Numbers to Text Classification – 428 Confidence Bands Curves – 330

for

ROC

B-39

Macula, Anthony Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Free Codes – 217 Macy, J P Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 169

Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Systems in Correlated Noise with NonGaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic Behavior of the Difference Between the MMSE and LMSE Estimates – 367 Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering and Associated Random Variables – 362

Maddocks, J H Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Gravitational Field – 34

On the Effects of the Initial Condition in State Estimation for Discrete-Time Linear Systems – 339

Madejki, G. Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission – 450

On the Poisson Equation for Countable Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions and Parameter Dependence by Probabilistic Methods – 346

Madnia, C K Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames – 146 Maekinen, Tiina M Prediction and Prevention of Frostbite – 242 Magde, Kevin Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136 Magee, Lochlan Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey Project - Canada – 337 Mahan, A. H. Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183 Mahanti, Ambuj PRA: Massively Search – 382

Parallel

Heuristic

Mahle, D, A Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice – 203 MaimirJane, F. Medical Personnel Motivation in One International Mission – 274 Majam, V F Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Makinen, Tero Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262

Steering Policies for Markov Decision Processes Under a Recurrence Condition – 367 Malhorta, Raj P Sensor Management for Fighter Applications – 15 Maliska, Heather A. Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Malkan, M. A. Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449 Malone, Patrick A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Comparison with Conventional Systems – 35 Mamoulis, N. Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting Vertical Fragmentation – 280 Mancini, T. Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP Initiative – 176 Mandel, Jan An Iterative Substructuring Method for Coupled Fluid-Solid Acoustic Problems – 346 Mandl, Dan Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Manikonda, Vikram A Hybrid Control Strategy for Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance With NonHolonomic Robots – 388

Manske, Eberhard High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 50 Mantysaari, M. Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation – 268 Mao, Song Software Architecture of PSET: A Page Segmentation Evaluation Toolkit – 300 Marchand, B. G. Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and Non-Natural Arcs – 49 Marcus, Steven I Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme for a Partially Observed Controlled Markov Chain – 357 Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Processes With Average Cost Criterion: A Survey – 369 Language Stability and Stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 383 Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions With Application to Flexible Manufacturing Systems – 382 Predicates and Predicate Transformers for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems – 382 Marion, B. Recent Revisions to PVWATTS – 180 Markham, James Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 357 Markov, Igor L Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit Synthesis and Testing – 138 Marks, Fredric A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240 Markusic, T. E. Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion – 61

Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architectures and Motion Control – 300

Marrian, C R Neural Networks for Tactile Perception – 294

Manischewitz, Jody Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228

Marsalek, Karel Support of Mission and Work Scheduling by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276

Makowski, Armand M A Continuous-Time Distributed Version of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing Problem – 341

Manning, andrew Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159

Analysis and Adaptive Control of a Discrete-Time Single-Server Network with Random Routing – 327

Manning, Carol A Human Factors Review of the Operational Error Literature – 5

B-40

Mannon, Roslyn B The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203

Marsden, Jerrold E Dissipation Induced Instabilities – 406 Marston, CHung K Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224

Martin, Ian S Robust Learning and Segmentation for Scene Understanding – 339

Matumoto, Masayuki Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Mitigation – 127

Martin, Ian Regularization Through Feature Knock Out – 338

May, B S Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound – 19

Martin, Jim Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 174 Martin, John C. The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the HST/STIS – 442 Martin, John G. SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Program – 148 Martin, Russell The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound Localisation – 409 Martinez, Jose O Characterization of a Novel Intracellular Receptor for Phorbol Esters and Diacylglycerol in Prostate Cancer – 212 Mascarenhas, A. Impurity-Band xNx – 180

Model

for

GaP1-

Masubuchi, Koichi Novel Techniques and Their Applications for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of Welded Structures (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 Mather, B D Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/PropyleneStyrene Triblock Copolymers – 108 Matsunami, Yoshiyuki Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LLChondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling – 453 Mattausch, G Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Materials Processing Technology – 91 Matthew, Candance B Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Dehydrated Rats – 87 Matthews, John V Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Through Nonaxisymmetric Hoppers – 144

May, C. G. General Purpose Fissile Package, A Replacement for the 6M Specification Package – 76 May, E. K. Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a StructurallyEfficient, High-Performance, LargeAperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation – 180 May, Marvin Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for Enhanced Signal Processing – 301 Mayeda, Toshiko Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457 Mayer, A. L. Integration of an Economy Under Imperfect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Ecological Model – 283 Mazanek, Dan NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis – 374 Mazel, Charles H The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and Fluorescence Effects – 414 Mazzuca, L. The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56 McAnally, Ken The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound Localisation – 409 McArthur, J. Craig RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration – 37

McCarron, Richard M Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors – 216 McCarthy, Patrick A Characterization of UAV Performance and Development of a Formation Flight Controller for Multiple Small UAVS – 17 McCartney, Forrest National Security Space Launch Report – 43 McClellan, R W The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes – 101 McCord, T. B. Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 450 McCord, Thomas B. Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 McCubbin, Patrick E Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry – 235 McDonough, Terence The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing – 285 McDougal, J N Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Pigs – 65 McDowell, Mark Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Controls – 339 McFaul, Steve J A Microplate Assay for the Determination of Hemoglobin Concentration – 220

McBride, Sharon Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment – 272

McGarvey, David J Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL – 95

Mattie, D Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111

McBride, William H Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation in Prostate Cancer – 251

McGhee, James Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments – 266

Mattie, David R Feasibility Study for the Reduction of Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous Anions – 82

McBryan, Oliver A Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the CM-200 and CM-5 Parallel Supercomputers – 308

McGill, Michael Supporting Connectivity for Biomedical Research – 226

Mattle, David R Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separation Column – 83

Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Supercomputer – 355

Matthies, Larry Vision Based Localization in Urban Environments – 155

McGinnis, Leon F Developing Scheduling Standards Using Regression Analysis: An Application Guide – 376

B-41

McGovern, Jennifer Systems Engineering, Acquisition and Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT): Achieving the Promise of Human Systems Integration – 264 McGrattan, Kevin Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame Behind a Step – 90 McGraw, Robert J An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Deformations for a Homogeneous Beam at Varying Tip Loads and Pitch Angles – 14 McGuinness, Deborah L Computing Trust from Revision History – 435 McHenry, Michael E Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High Temperature Magnetic Material for PWR – 74 McHenry, Michael Vision Based Localization in Urban Environments – 155 McKay, Jack A. Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet FabryPerot Interferometers – 459 McKeegan, Kevin D. Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceouschondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Melt Asteroids – 192 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 454 McKineey, Bradley J Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL – 95 McKinley, Richard L 3-D Audio: Military Applications and Symbology – 410 Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Personnel – 20 Military Speech Communications over Vocoders in Tandem – 331 Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Safety and Enhancing Situation Awareness in General Aviation Environments – 411 McKinsey, P. C. Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 McLaughlin, Craig A. Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft Formations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular Libration Points – 444

The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274

Mehlen, Christian A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128

McLoughlin, Terence H. Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using the Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor – 56

Mehos, M. Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP Initiative – 176

McMahon, T. J. Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degradation Studies – 178

Meijer, Marten Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective – 266

McMahon, W. III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multijunction Cell – 176

Meinig, C. KEO Mooring sis – 193

McNutt, Leslie Space Shuttle Overview – 45

Meitzler, Thomas Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? – 332

McNutt, P. Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility – 182 McPherson, Terry Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173 McQuade, John A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240 Mead, Franklin An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Reflection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Propulsion Device – 414 Mead, Nancy R System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 433 Mead, Nancy Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296 Meadows, Byron L. Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode – 156 Meadows, Lorelle Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 Mechoulam, Raphael Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors – 216

McLean, James D. Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16

Medhin, Negash G Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Nonlinear Elastomers – 106

McLellan, Tom M. Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Wearing New Biological and Chemical Protective Combat Uniforms in MOPP 1 – 275

Meehan, James Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach – 10

B-42

Engineering

Analy-

Mejia-Ariza, Juan M Manufacture and Experimental Analysis of a Concentrated Strain Based Deployable Truss Structure – 32 Mekjavic, Igor B Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty – 257 Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a Passive Heat and Moisture Exchanger – 258 Mekjavic, Polana J Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 Melloy, John R Wireless Sensor Network Applications for the Combat Air Forces – 8 Meneghini, L M Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Breakwater Systems – 194 Mennesson, Bertrand Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner and Baseline Rotation – 416 Mercier, Karine SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for HighEnergy Astrophysics Mission – 51 Mercy, Susan E Experimentation to Address Appropriate Test Techniques for Measuring the Attenuation Provided by Double ANR Hearing Protectors – 410 Mercy, Susan Investigating Double Hearing Protection using Human Subjects – 411 Merrill, Elaine A TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstration Field Sampling Report: Robins Air Force Base Warner-Robins GA – 69 Merrill, Lex L Trauma Symptomatology Among Female U.S. Navy Recruits – 237

Messenger, S R Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35

Miller, Cass T Efficient Steady-State Solution Techniques for Variably Saturated Groundwater Flow – 145

Meyer, G J Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts – 259

Miller, Chris E Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104

Meyer, T R Experimental Study of Deflagration-toDetonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine – 27

Miller, David W. Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62 SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Development and Validation Testbed: Current Progress and Beyond – 55

Meyers, Ethan Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vision Systems – 337

Miller, James B. Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honeycomb Conical Seal Panel – 60

Meyyappan, Meyya Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139

Miller, Janet Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433

Miceli, David S Characterizing a Co-Flow Nozzle for use in a Filtered Rayleigh Scattering System – 144 Michalak, Richard Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136 Michalk, David Frequency Selective Materials for Control of Radiated Emissions and Interference Suppression, Phase 2 – 149

Miller, M M Design and Performance of GMR Sensors for the Detection of Magnetic Microbeads in Biosensors – 399 Milligan, D A\g Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Breakwater Systems – 194

Michiuye, Joanne K CRESST Human Performance Knowledge Mapping System – 302

Mills, Patrick Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution Planning and Control – 121

Mickalonis, J. I. Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys – 63

Mims, Michael J. RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration – 37

Mickalonis, J. J. Characteristic Electrochemical Noise During Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Permeation – 64

Minato, Naoki OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291

Midey, Anthony J Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) with Small Molecules – 92 Milburn, H. KEO Mooring sis – 193

Engineering

Analy-

Milcinski, Metka Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242

Minetti, R Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study – 83 Minh, L Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Miravite, Jr, Alexander Global En Route Basing Infrastructure Location Model – 21

Mitchell, Megan Semimajor Axis gies – 53

Estimation

Strate-

Mitchell, W. J. Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Dendrimers – 179 Mitko, Martin eReadiness of cesses – 287

Business

Pro-

Mitsuda, Kazuhisa Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit – 55 Miyazaki, Tetsuya Highly Efficient Optical Communication Technologies – 126 Mizuno, T. Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment – 449 Mlakar, Joze Two Methods for Calibration Without A Through Connection On A ThreeSampler Vector Analyzer – 283 Modlin, Edward A. Self-activating System and Method for Alerting When an Object or a Person is Left Unattended – 140 Moe, R. The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56 Mokrushin, Vladmir Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3Butadiene Decomposition – 90 Molina, Miguel Angel PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Montesanti, R. C. System Dynamics and Control System for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator and Fast Tool Servo – 125 Moon, S. Strategic Planning of Communications and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar Energy Technologies Program – 177 Mooney, Theodore Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159 Moore, Andrew Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385

Miley, G H An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Reflection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Propulsion Device – 414

Mirick, W The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Development of Non-Polluting, Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Systems For Ships – 72

Miller, Barton P Automated Discovery of Mimicry Attacks – 380

Mishra, Suneil An Integrated Approach to Motion and Sound – 301

Moore, L. Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Project – 177

Miller, C T Efficient and Robust Numerical Modeling of Variably Saturated Flow in Layered Porous Media – 169

Mitani, T. Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission – 450

Moore, Linda K An Emergency Communications Safety Net: Integrating 911 and Other Services – 118

Moore ,II, Bob M Development Agents – 234

of

Hemostatic

B-43

Public Safety Communications: Policy, Proposals, Legislation and Progress – 119 Moore, R. L. Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections: Dominance of the Free Magnetic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Alone – 460 Moore, Richard C The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of Shipbuilding CAD/CAM Systems (Phase I) – 296 Moore, Scott S The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Patrol Boat – 101 Morang, Andrew Evaluation of Potential JHSV Port and Alternative Offload Sites in Coastal North Carolina – 439 Morgan, Daniel Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: 9/11 Commission Recommendations and Related Issues – 260 Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues – 7 Morgan, M. J. Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Effects of Burst Properties of Pressure Vessels – 77 Tritium Reservoir Structural Performance Prediction – 77 Morgner, H Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Materials Processing Technology – 91 Morikawa, Hiroyuki Wavelength Routing/Optical Switching/Optical Access work – 281

Burst Net-

Morioka, Toshio A Study for Technology of Controlling Next-Generation Backbone Network – 125 Moriyama, Toshifumi A Four-Component Decomposition of POLSAR Image – 426 Moron, Cecilia Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218 Morris, Ed Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and Technology Trends – 296

Morrison, Russell H. ISS Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Project -2006 Update – 80

Murphey, Thomas W Manufacture and Experimental Analysis of a Concentrated Strain Based Deployable Truss Structure – 32

Morse, F. Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP Initiative – 176

Murphy, J. Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple Exciton Generation – 178

Morshedi, A M A Variable-Metric Variant of the Karmarkar Algorithm for Linear Programming – 348

Murray, Karl N Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI6AL-4V Under Fretting – 99

Mortvedt, D Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Mostaccio, Jason T Experimental Investigation of the Aerodynamic Ground Effect of a Tailless Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing Flaps – 2 Moul, Tom Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities – 375 Mouney, D Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Mountain, David Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Impact Models – 412 Mrozowski, Michal High Accuracy Multidimensional Parameterized Surrogate Models for Fast Optimization of Microwave Circuits in the Industry Standard Circuit Simulators – 108 Mukherjee, Sayan Stability Results Theory – 395

in

Learning

Musick, Stanton H Sensor Management for Fighter Applications – 15 Muslea, Ion Online Query Relaxation via Bayesian Causal Structures Discovery – 436 Mussante, C J Approximation Methods for Inverse Problems Governed by Nonlinear Parabolic Systems – 347 Mustard, Jack Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451 Mustard, J. Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 450 Myers, Gary A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241 Myers,, Gary Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254

Mukhopadhyay, Vivek Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Vehicle Structure Concepts for Mass Optimization – 168

Myers, S. C. Multiple-Event Markov-Chain nique – 290

Mukhter, Ali High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of BBELF Turbulence – 417

Myers, William The C-17: Costs and Alternatives – 14

Mulhall, Lily From Distance Learning to Blended Learning: A Program Incorporating Multiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning Examples from V-learn.ie – 285 Munk, Peter Frequency Selective Materials for Control of Radiated Emissions and Interference Suppression, Phase 2 – 149

Morris, Paul Temporal Planning with Preferences and Probabilities – 381

Murai, Hitoshi EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmission – 126

Morris, Robert Temporal Planning with Preferences and Probabilities – 381

Murovec, Bostjan Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents – 151

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Murri, Gretchen B. Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Resistance of Composite Laminates Under Mode I Loading – 78

Location Using the Monte Carlo Tech-

Nagl, M. Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 Nahan, R. Strategic Planning of Communications and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar Energy Technologies Program – 177 Nain, Philippe Interchange Arguments in Stochastic Scheduling – 380 Nakagawa, Goji Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF for Remotely Controlling LambdaPaths – 126 Nakazawa, K. Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission – 450

Nakles, Michael R Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 404 Nakles, Michael Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint) – 42 Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42 Nallapati, Ramesh Evaluating the Quality of Query Refinement Suggestions in Information Retrieval – 437 Naplava, Pavel Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Status Markers after their Homecoming – 271 Naraghi, M H Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 62 Narayan, Prakash Estimation of the Rate of a DoublyStochastic Time-Space Poisson Process – 362 Narayanan, L Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice – 203 Narenda, Kumpati S Decentralized Control and Decentralized Adaptive Control – 384 Narum, D L Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Naruse, Makoto Highly Efficient Optical Communication Technologies – 126 Naruse, Yuuichi Experiments of a Terabit-Class SuperNetwork – 117 Nash, F Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34 Natarajan, Sriraam KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330 Nau, Dana S Evaluating Product Machinability for Concurrent Engineering – 385 Nau, Dana PRA: Massively Search – 382

Parallel

Heuristic

Navard, Andy Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173

Neale, N. R. Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge Movement – 177 Nedich, Angelina DARPA Integrated Sensing and Processing (ISP) Program. Approximation Methods for Markov Decision Problems in Sensor Management – 363 Negrini, M. Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g K+K+K- – 420 Quarkonium bar – 421

Spectroscopy

at

Ba-

Neiderer, Andrew M Web-Based Graphics for Battlespace Terrain Ownership – 313 Nelson, S. Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 Nelson, Steve Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Nes, N. J. Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting Vertical Fragmentation – 280 Neuhaus, Jason Richard A Generic Multibody Parachute Simulation Model – 13 Neuhausen, Susan L Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer – 248 Newburger, E. C. Home Computers and Internet Use in the USA: August 2000. Special Studies. Current Population Reports – 120 Ng, Alfred Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying – 59 Ng, Henry C Composable Simulations – 305 Ngo, Mai T Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere with Millimeter-Wave Radar – 152 Nhan, Doan H Associations Between Responses to the Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity to Malaria Infection – 202 Nichter, James E Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41

Nie, Daotai Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Prostate Cancer Radioresistance – 215 Niemela, Carrie S Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint) – 42 Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42 Nierenberg, A Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Nieuwenhuizen, M. S. HFM-057: Biotechnologies for Assessment of Toxic Hazards in Operational Environments – 265 Nikolich, Mikeljon P A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241 Nikolich,, Mikeljon P Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254 Nikora, Allen Failure Assessment – 315 Nikoukhah, Ramine Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and Riccati Equations – 354 Niolet, D Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Nishiki, Ahihiko OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 Nishio, Fumihiko The Polar Sea Ice Aqua/AMSR-E – 170

Cover

from

Nishioka, Itaru Experiments of a Terabit-Class SuperNetwork – 117 Nishioka, Lucas Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis With Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report – 226 Nitayaphan, Sorachai Research and Operational Support for the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal Thai Government – 213

Nichter, J Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34

Nixon, C. A. Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer – 446

Nicolas, Brossard Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411

Nocedal, Jorge Representations of Quasi-Newton Matrices and Their Use in Limited Memory Methods – 391

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Noel, Mark R Conceptual Processes for Linking Eutrophication and Network Models – 354

Oard, Douglas W Exploring Interactive Relevance Feedback With a Two-Pass Study Design – 427

Nolet, Simon SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Development and Validation Testbed: Current Progress and Beyond – 55

Oberoi, Divya Studies of Enhanced Performance of the Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Observation and Space Weather – 447

Noort, D Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Survey 1990-2005 – 248

O’Brien, Catherine Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to Prevent Local Cold Injuries – 242

Norgorden, O Radio Transmission Between Two Submerged Submarines – 119 Noufi, R. Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degradation Studies – 178 Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Solar Cells – 179 Novokhatski, A. HOM Effects in Vacuum System with Short Bunches – 396 Nowacki, L J The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Development of Non-Polluting, Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Systems For Ships – 72 Nowacki, Wojciech K Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Fracture – 402 Nowak, Zdzislaw Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Fracture – 402 Null, Charles L The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 Nunez-Neto, Blas Border Security: The Role of the U.S. Border Patrol – 150 Nusca, Michael J Progress in the Development of a Multiphase Turbulent Model of the Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Ammunition Primer – 147 Nuth, J. a. Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450 Nyquist, Paul A Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs With Neurologic Decompression Sickness – 222 Oakely, Ernest C. Fast Erase Method and Apparatus For Digital Media – 429 Oakes, William S Group Technology/Flow Applications Research (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 260

B-46

O’Briend ,Jr , William D Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the Human Head – 410 O’Callahan, J J Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 O’Connell, R. Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California. Report for May 2005 to April 2006 – 174

Oksa, Juha Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262 Okumura, Keiko Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis With Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report – 226 Ollivier, Marc First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54 Olson, J. III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multijunction Cell – 176 Onaka, Hiroshi Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF for Remotely Controlling LambdaPaths – 126 ONeill, P. M. Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47

Oda, Mitsushige Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector – 51

Ongstad, A P High Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Postprint) – 157

Odabasi, A Y Information System Models -- As A Tool for Shipyard Planning and Control (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 432

Performance Comparison of Optically Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared Lasers – 158

O’Day, Danton H. How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful Animations for Teaching and Research Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camtasia(TradeMark) – 287 Odbor, Uredniski Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 Oehler, Dorothy Z. Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitability of Ancient Mars – 458 Oishi, J.S. Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular Clouds – 448 Ojoko-Adams, Don System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 433 Okada, Y. Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detectors – 401 Okita, Hideki Experiments of a Terabit-Class SuperNetwork – 117 Okolica, James Detecting Potential Insider Threats Through Email Datamining – 427

Ono, Nobuyuki Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124 Oppenheimer, Michael W Application of Piecewise Linear Control Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle Guidance and Control – 40 Orlando, Andrew Crew Integration and Automation Technologies – 114 Orloff, Benjamin S A Comparative Analysis of Single-StageTo-Orbit Rocket and Air-Breathing Vehicles – 39 ORourke, Mary Jane E. The Exploration Water Recovery System – 442 Ortega, Guillermo FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59 Ortega, Samson V Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Correction Insert Stability Evaluation – 261 Ortega, Samson V. Methodological Issues when Assessing Dismounted Soldier Mobility Performance – 264

Osman, Hassan System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 433 Osterwald, C. R. Exploratory Reliability and Performance R and D – 183

Palmadesso, Peter J Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Capacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298 Palmer, Philip L Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation for Small Satellites – 3

Parker, Jason Data Analysis and Compression Techniques for Megabyte-Data PDE Experiments – 29 Parrino, Janie Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228

Osterweil, Leon J Active Relations for Specifying and Implementing Software Object Management – 326

Palmer, Philip Near Real-Time Event Detection & Prediction Using Intelligent Software Agents – 43

Ostlund, John Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385

Palumbo, Daniel L. Interrupt-based Phase-locked Frequency Multiplier – 165

Passerello, Chris E. Static Formation Control Using Interspacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48

Otsuki, Hideki A Study for Technology of Controlling Next-Generation Backbone Network – 125

Panchal, Rekha G Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219

Patel, Parimal J Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transparent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95

Overbey, B. G. Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Meteorological Parameters STS-1 Through STS-107 – 193 Overson, Mark D Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep Deprivation – 257 Ozan, Erol Longitudinal Study of the Market Penetration of Cockpit Weather Information Systems – 25 Ozawa, Takashi O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction Probabilities in DSMC – 357 Pacheco, N D Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM – 225

Pandolf, John E. Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47 Panian, Zeljko Creating Agile Business through ServiceOriented Architecture – 284 Pankop, C. Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47 Pankow, J. W. Plasma Surface Modification of Polymer Backsheets: Origins of Future Interfacial Barrier/Backsheet Failure – 176 Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degradation Studies – 178 Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for PV Packaging – 184

Paduan, Jeffery D Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 196

Pankow, J. Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface Analysis PV Research – 179

Padula, Sharon L. Multidisciplinary Environments: A History of Engineering Framework Development – 317

Panzenhagen, Kristin L Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branching in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29

Page, Andrew E Development and Testing of a Novel Standard Particle for Performance Verification of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detection Systems – 112 Page, M. R. 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact – 183

Paris, Kristen N. Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitability of Ancient Mars – 458 Paris, Neil D LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Telescope’s Adaptive Optics System – 363

Page, R M Storage Radar – 150

Park, Jack IRIS: Integrate, Share – 329

Pagnutti, Mary Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173

Parker, Anthony P FEA Software for Determination of Residual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes for a Range of Gun Steels With Bauschinger Effect – 103

Paine, Chris Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416

Parker, Gordon G. Static Formation Control Using Interspacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48

Relate.

Infer.

Pasquariello, Mi hael V Computational Modeling of Multicomponent Diffusion Using Fortran – 394

Pati, Y C Affine Frames of rational Wavelets in H2(II+) – 396 Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Radar Signals in the Presence of Noise – 152 Frames Generated by Subspace Addition – 358 Neural Networks for Tactile Perception – 294 Pati, Yagyensh C Neural Networks for Low Level Processing of Tactile Sensory Data – 294 Patterson, D R Information System Models -- As A Tool for Shipyard Planning and Control (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 432 Patterson, J. D. Automating the Modeling of the SEE Cross Section’s Angular Dependence – 419 Patterson-Hines, Ann Contingency Software in Autonomous Systems: Technical Level Briefing – 316 Paulsen, Ian T A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis – 241 Paulsen,, Ian T Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254 Paulson, Mitchell Scott Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation – 165 Paunicka, James L Air Vehicle Technology Integration Program (AVTIP) Delivery Order 0015: Open Control Platform (OCP) Software Enabled Control (SEC) Hardware in the Loop Simulation - OCP Hardware Integration – 7

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Pavel, Josef Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Status Markers after their Homecoming – 271 Pavlik, V. N. The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258 Pawel, S. J. Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1, 2002-February 28, 2006.) – 87 Pawlowski, C. W. Integration of an Economy Under Imperfect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Ecological Model – 283 Payson, Paul M Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 Payson, Paul Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators – 136 Pearlman, H A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Development Under Microgravity – 85 Pearson, Boise Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 174 Pearson, J Performance Analysis of a Wing With Multiple Winglets – 3 Pearson, Jerone Low-Cost Launch Systems for the DualLaunch Concept – 36 Peart, John W The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coating Life Phase. Phase 2 – 66 Peart, John Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Surface Preparation and Coatings – 73 Pecherski, Ryszard B Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Fracture – 402 Pechoucek, Michal Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Environment – 333 Peckerar, M C Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Radar Signals in the Presence of Noise – 152

Peeler, D. K. Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental Results – 105

Petillo, J Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of High-Performance Vacuum Electronic Devices – 434

Peitso, Ari A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270

Petkovic, M. Flexible and Scalable Digital Library Search – 281

Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262 Pellettiere, Joseph A Energy Distribution Analysis of Impact Signals Based on Wavelet Decompositions – 345 Peng, L Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233 Penin, Luis F. Design and Implementation of Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Separated Space Interferometry – 442 Pepi, Marc Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Army Main Battle Tank Components – 99 Perchonok, M. H. Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Last 45 Years – 255 Perchonok, Michele Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years – 221 Perkins, C. Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface Analysis PV Research – 179 Perkins, J. D. Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers – 177 Pern, F. J. Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsulant Formulations at NREL – 175 Perry, Carole C Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model Compounds in Structure Control – 84 Persson, S. Spacecraft Platform for Advanced Formation Flying – 62

Petrich, Jacob W Development of Methods for the RealTime and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Eye – 251 Pettitt, Rodger A Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Signals to a Covert Tactile Communication System in a Dynamic Environment – 118 Petzel, Erhard Evaluation of the Quality of an Information Security Management System – 289 Petzold, L. Sensitivity Analysis of DifferentialAlgebraic Equations and Partial Differential Equations – 281 Peyrotte, Christian A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 Pham, Chuong The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and Fluorescence Effects – 414 Phelan, Jim From Distance Learning to Blended Learning: A Program Incorporating Multiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning Examples from V-learn.ie – 285 Pickard, Brian Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices – 231 Pickens, C. The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258 Pierrot, Lane CBO Testimony: Aging Military Equipment – 399 Pieters, C. M. Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 450 Pieters, Carle Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451

Neural Networks for Tactile Perception – 294

Perzyna, Piotr Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Fracture – 402

Pihler, Joze Design of Current Impulse Generator – 131

Pedersen, Jan A Localization Performance of Real and Virtual Sound Sources – 21

Peskin, M. E. Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detectors – 401

Pike, Bill Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to an Existing Training Simulation – 332

Pedigo, S. Strategic Planning of Communications and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar Energy Technologies Program – 177

Peters, O. Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418

Pilkey, Walter D Energy Distribution Analysis of Impact Signals Based on Wavelet Decompositions – 345

B-48

Pinter, G A A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6) – 134 Pinter, Gabriella A Analysis of Blocks – 110

Bonded

Elastic

Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107 Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Nonlinear Elastomers – 106 Pinto, M At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement Technique and First Results – 387 Piris, J. Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Dendrimers – 179 Pirson, Laurent Accurate Formation Flying Design and Validation for the Darwin Precursor Demonstration Mission – 49

Plunket, B Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Modelling of Textured Metals and Validation Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Test – 98 Podboy, Gary G. An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans – 407 Poggio, T A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex – 251 Poggio, Tomaso A New Biologically Motivated Framework for Robust Object Recognition – 334 Attentional Selection for Object Recognition - A Gentle Way – 340 General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252

Pishko, A. L. From Sequential Extraction to Transport Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Contaminants – 64

Object Recognition with Features Inspired by Visual Cortex – 332

Pittet, Christelle Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Framework – 58

Shape Representation in V4: Investigating Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Confirmation with the Standard Model of Object Recognition – 252

Pittman, Jasna V. CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199

Stability Results Theory – 395

Pitz, W J Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study – 83 Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Organophosphorus Compounds – 69 Placzankis, Brian E Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104 Plant, Nathaniel A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Prediction – 365 Plaza, Antonio J Automated Selection of Results in Hierarchical Segmentations of Remotely Sensed Hyperspectral Images – 170 Plotkin, Kenneth J. Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Propagation in Aircraft Noise Prediction – 409 Plowden, Keith O Baltimore City Faith-Based Prostate Cancer Prevention and Control Coalition – 215

On the Role of Object-Specific Features for Real World Object Recognition in Biological Vision – 338

in

Learning

Trainable Videorealistic Speech Animation – 153 Ultra-FDst Object Recognition from Few Spikes – 252 Pollard, Eric L Manufacture and Experimental Analysis of a Concentrated Strain Based Deployable Truss Structure – 32 Polzin, K. A. Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion – 61 Poornalingam, Ram VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313 Popa, Dan Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245

Potter, Laura K Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107 Probabilistic Methods for Addressing Uncertainty and Variability in Biological Models: Application to a Toxicokinetic Model – 202 Pouget, Fabien Attack Processes Found on the Internet – 323 Pounds, Julia A Human Factors Review of the Operational Error Literature – 5 Pourciau, B Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Poussin, G Double protection passive pour les equipages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Concept et etude experimentale (Design and Experimental Study of the Passive Double Hearing Protection for the Crew of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411 Powell, David Intrusion Tolerance for Unclassified Networked Systems – 317 Powers, Ed A GPS Receiver Designed for CarrierPhase Time Transfer – 134 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 Prakash, Ravi Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60 Prather, Dennis Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Region – 130 Pratt, Jr , Edmund T Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turbomachinery Airfoils – 142 Presley, John F Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Breast Cancer – 205 Presser, Cary Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame Behind a Step – 90 Pritchett, Justin E Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105

Naviga-

Privette, Jeffrey A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers – 112

Porter, Ron Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 174

Proctor, Margaret P. Continued Investigation of Leakage and Power Loss Test Results for Competing Turbine Engine Seals – 161

Posse, C. Towards a Unified Approach to Information Integration A Review Paper on Data/Information Fusion – 280

Proffen, Daniel K. Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Formation Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Cross-Coupling – 50

Porter, III, Maynard J Bio-Inspired, Odor-Based tion – 330

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Prothero, Gary L. Energy Index vers – 30

For

Aircraft

Maneu-

Protic, Jelica Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science According to Bologna Process – 289 Protz, Christopher Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors – 61 Provost, Foster J Confidence Bands Curves – 330

for

ROC

Ptak, A. Understanding the Potential and Limitations of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar Cells – 181 Puente, B Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 Puente-Espada, B. Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 270 Puleo, Anthony J Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human Behavior Influence Models – 432 Purcell, George H., Jr. Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions – 48 Qi, Chao Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes for Breast Cancer – 214 Qu, John J A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers – 112 Quaia, Stefano New Perspectives for Power Transmission in the European Liberalized Electricity Market and Possible Role of FourPhase Systems – 132 Quashnock, Dee Integration and Application of Human Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: Assessment of Network Centric Warfare Capabilities – 268 Quinn, George D Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transparent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95 Quinn, James M Call-Center Based Disease Management of Pediatric Asthmatics – 235 Quinn, R B Radio Transmission Between Two Submerged Submarines – 119 Rabideau, Gregg Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Racz, Zsolt Foreign Object Damage in a GasTurbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials – 26

B-50

Radakovich, Thomas Development of Standard Procedures for Shipboard Print Inspection – 71

Ramani, Gowri S Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organizations: A Preliminary Report – 298

Raftery, Adrian E Bayesian Model Averaging: Development of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene Selection and Classification Tool for Microarray Data – 244

Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabilities of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364

Bayesian Regularization for Normal Mixture Estimation and Model-Based Clustering – 368 Combining Spatial Statistical and Ensemble Information in Probabilistic Weather Forecasts – 198

Impact of Diverse Polarisations on Clutter Statistics – 363 Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios – 85 Statistical Analysis of the Nonhomogeneity Detector for Non-Gaussian Interference Backgrounds – 366

Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust Model-Based Segmentation of Microarray Images – 369

Rao, Raghuveer Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129

Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Sharpness – 368

Rao, T. Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396

Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Averaging – 198 Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction, and Estimation – 393 Rahman, Zahidul H. An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer – 53 Raine, J D Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites – 223 Raizer, Victor A Combined Foam-Spray Model for Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 171 Rajasekaran, Ayyappan K Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Functions of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen – 206 Rakhlin, Alexander Some Properties of Empirical Risk Minimization Over Donsker Classes – 371 Stability Results Theory – 395

in

Learning

Rakoczy, John M. Global Radius of Curvature Estimation and Control System for Segmented Mirrors – 166 Ramachandran, Prabha Source Authentication for Multicast in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks – 318 Ramachandran, Sowmya Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Military Domains – 436 FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Framework for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems – 10 Ramanathan, K. High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175 Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Solar Cells – 179

Superconducting Photocathodes – 396 Raphael, Bertram Robot Research at Stanford Research Institute – 340 Rasko, David A Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 Rasmussen, Lisbeth M Virtual Reality in Denmark – 337 Rastogi, Vipin K A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Escherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Production of Organophosphorus Hydrolase – 68 Ratiu, Tudor S Dissipation Induced Instabilities – 406 Ravel, Jacques Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 Ravindran, Arippa Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat Forebrain – 222 Ray, Laura E Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication – 410 Raye, J K Approximation Methods for Inverse Problems Governed by Nonlinear Parabolic Systems – 347 Raynard, Steven Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in Recombination – 242 Readey, D. W. Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183

Ready, R. C. SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion During Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon – 173

Reeder, James R. 3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspective – 78

Reamer, I. A. Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental Results – 105

Reedy, R. C. Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183

Rebak, R. B. Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chloride Solutions Containing Organic Acids – 81 Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Ions – 81 Rebordao, Jose High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 50 Reddell, B. Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47 Redden, Elizabeth S Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Signals to a Covert Tactile Communication System in a Dynamic Environment – 118 Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Test – 149 Redding, Nicholas J Video Moving Target Indication in the Analysts’ Detection Support System – 153 Redell, Frederick H Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar Arrays – 41 Redmond, Daniel Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 Reed, Allen H Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation – 147 Reed, Christopher W Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124 Reed, Garrett D Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Near-Field Plasma Properties of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 311 Complementary Density Measurements for the 200W Busek Hall Thruster (PREPRINT) – 417 Reed, Garrett Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42

Reedy, R. Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface Analysis PV Research – 179 Rees, David Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet FabryPerot Interferometers – 459 Reese, Shawn Homeland Security Grant Formulas: A Comparison of Formula Provisions in S. 21 and H.R. 1544, 109th Congress – 167 Reeve, Jr, Ronald C Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 332 Reeves, J. D. An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis – 387 Regev, C. The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258 Rehak, Martin Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Environment – 333 Reich, D H Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts – 259

Reitich, F Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Magnetorheological Fluids – 145 Relyea, Harold C Information Sharing for Homeland Security: A Brief Overview – 440 Remolina, Emilio FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Framework for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems – 10 Ren, Hsuan A Comparative Study for Orthogonal Subspace Projection and Constrained Energy Minimization – 169 Repak, Paul L Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 Reps, Thomas Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI on PKI – 327 Resio, Donald T Evaluation of Potential JHSV Port and Alternative Offload Sites in Coastal North Carolina – 439 Restificar, Angelo KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330 Reynaud, G Double protection passive pour les equipages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Concept et etude experimentale (Design and Experimental Study of the Passive Double Hearing Protection for the Crew of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411 Reynolds, M B Mitigating TCP Degradation over Intermittent Link Failures using Intermediate Buffers – 120

Reid, J R A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with Integrated TEM Transmission Lines – 128

Rezaiifar, Ramin Smart Structures and Wavelet Based System Identification – 344

Reil, K. SalSA: A Teraton UHE Neutrino Detector – 447

Ribaucour, M Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study – 83

Reilly, Matthew An Analysis of Weight Change in Filters – 166 Reilly, Thomas L. Method and Apparatus for the Portable Identification Of Material Thickness And Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Spatially Controlled Heat Application – 113

Ribot, Wilson J Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219 Ricca, G. D. Inclusive Measurements of Vub from BaBar – 421

Reinero, Bryan R. Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1

Rice, Jeffrey S Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL – 95

Reising, John M. Status Report for HFM-078/RTG-17 Uninhabited Military Vehicles: Human Factor Issues in Augmenting the Force – 265

Rice, Robert M Navy High-Pressure Waterjet ClosedLoop Paint Stripping System (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 73

B-51

Richardson, Michael A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Prediction – 365

Rios-Tejada, F. Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 270

Richardson, William B Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake – 85

Ripamonti, Claudio Performance, Capacity and Limitations of AMSS Communications – 115

Richie, Thomas L Associations Between Responses to the Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity to Malaria Infection – 202 Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 Richter, Joel D. Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insulation for the External Tank Return to Flight – 446 Ricks, Wendell NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis – 374 Riesenhuber, Maximilian Attentional Selection for Object Recognition - A Gentle Way – 340 On the Role of Object-Specific Features for Real World Object Recognition in Biological Vision – 338 Shape Representation in V4: Investigating Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Confirmation with the Standard Model of Object Recognition – 252 Rife, J C Design and Performance of GMR Sensors for the Detection of Magnetic Microbeads in Biosensors – 399 Rifkin, Ryan Asymptotics of Gaussian Regularized Least-Squares – 395 Riley, Paul J The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactivation of LNG Tankers: Lessons Learned – 111

Simulation and Performance of Data Communication using AMSS – 12 Rissanen, Sirkka Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262 Risztics, Peter Karoly University-Industry Relations in Hungary: Establishment Scheme of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Information Technology Innovation and Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286 Rivenez, Marie Comment ameliorer la selection et le traitement des messages verbaux? (How to Improve the Selection and Processing of Verbal Messages) – 121 Rizeq, G. Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1, 2003 to September 30, 2005 – 81

Rodriauez, M. A. Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Ions – 81 Rodriguez, Cesar Alonso Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots – 267 Rodriguez, M. A. Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chloride Solutions Containing Organic Acids – 81 Roelke, IV, George R Fault and Defect Tolerant Computer Architectures: Reliable Computing with Unreliable Devices – 293 Rogers, J V Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Pigs – 65 Rogers, W O Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Rolling, August J Propagation of Detonation Waves in Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust Tube – 27

Cytology

Rollwagen, F M Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM – 225

Robbins, Paul D Protein Transduction Based Therapies for Breast Cancer – 238

Romano, James A., Jr. U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness – 273

Roberts, B. C. Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Meteorological Parameters STS-1 Through STS-107 – 193

Romanowski, Tomothy P. Energy Index For Aircraft vers – 30

Ro, Min S Internet-Based Cervical Screening Program – 232

Maneu-

Robertson, Karen A. Strategies to Improve Alertness during Extended Deployments – 263

Rongo, Robert Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 332

Robinette, Kathleen Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Sizing – 279

Ros, H. P. Prevention of plaints – 277

Low

Back

Com-

Rosenberg, Jonathan Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer – 211

Ringo, John Mixed-Signal Electronics Technology for Space (MSETS) – 128

Robinson, Brent K An Investigation Into Robust Wind Correction Algorithms for Off-the Shelf Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Autopilots – 15

Rintamaeki, Hannu A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270

Robinson, Jeffrey S. SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Program – 148

Rosenberry, Terrone L New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically Block Organophosphorylation – 218

Robinson, Julie A. NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 258

Rosenthal, Kenneth S CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Activity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225

Prediction and Prevention of Frostbite – 242 Rintamaki, Hannu Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness – 262 Rios, F Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21

B-52

RoblesSanchez, J. Medical Personnel Motivation in One International Mission – 274 Robson, Christopher L How to Use FASTLANEs to Protect IP Networks – 328

Rosner, William Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects on Prostate Cancer – 250 Ross, Theodora S Identification of Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast Cancer – 213

Rotem, D. Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several Orders of Magnitude – 290 Rothberg, Paul F Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Drivers – 70 Rouan, Daniel First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54 Roumes, Corinne Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach – 10 Rousset, Gerard First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54 Rouwen, A. J. P. Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effective or is Refractive Surgery a Better Option? – 261 Roy, B. Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth – 183 Roy, Dilip G Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction Tomography – 208 Royal, T A On a Powder lem – 69

Consolidation

Rozanov, Alexei Fossil Microorganisms chaean – 168

in

Prob-

Ar-

Rubin, A. E. Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Events on the LL Parent Body – 455 Rubin, Alan E. A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Olivine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Semarkona that Experienced Limited Remelting – 188 A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites – 189 Aluminian Low-Ca Pyroxene in a Ca-Alrich Chondrule from the Semarkona Meteorite – 456 Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith Formation from H3 Chondrite Material by Possible Cometary Impact – 454

Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457

Runyon, C. Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 450

Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Chondrites – 189

Rupnowki, P. Dislocation Generation by Thermal Stresses in Si: Modeling and Experiments – 183

Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452 Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Breccia – 456 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of LowFeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 454 Postshock Annealing and Postannealing Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chondrites: Implications for the Thermal and Shock Histories of Chondritic Asteroids – 456 Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Composition, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule Size – 190 Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and PostAnnealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189 Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LLChondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling – 453 Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt Breccia that Experienced Post-shock Annealing – 457

Rusjan, Bruno Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations – 131 Rusjan, Edmond Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations – 131 Russell, Joshua Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224 Russell, Kevin L Evaluation of the Effects of Multiple Immunizations Administered in a Stressful Environment on Immunologic Function – 254 Russo, Michael Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments – 266 Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 Ruszinko, Miklos Analysis and Coding for Multiple-Access Channels – 121 Ruthel, Gordon Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival – 219

Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Type II Chondrules and Limited Overgrowths on Phenocrysts Following the Final Melting Event – 191

Ryan, Harry M. Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112

Rubio, A D Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics – 2

Ryan, Joe Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For Indoor Environmental Quality and Security – 165

Ruefle, Robin Defining Incident Management Processes for CSIRTs: A Work in Progress – 322 Rumminger, M D Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Blends of Inert and Catalytic Agents – 91

Ryan, Margaret A K Evaluation of the Effects of Multiple Immunizations Administered in a Stressful Environment on Immunologic Function – 254

Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Chondrites – 190

Runge, Hartmut A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Interferometry – 51

Ryan, Robert E. Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173

Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift in the O Isotopic Composition of the Solar Nebula – 455

Runyon, Cassandra Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451

Saadat, Farzad CRESST Human Performance Knowledge Mapping System – 302

B-53

Sabathier, Vincent National Security Space Policy in the U.S. and Europe. Trends and Choices – 34 Sacchi, Claudio T Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax – 224 Sackheim, Robert The DARPA/USAF Falcon Small Launch Vehicles – 36

Program

Salmatjidis, Ioanis Impact and Force Control of Flexible Manipulators – 344 Salnikov, A. Beam Dynamics in a Spectrometer for the Polarized Positron Production Experiment – 156 Evolution of the Configuration Database Design – 291 Samborowski, Leonard J Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Their Value in Security Operations – 20

Sacksteder, Kurt Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity – 141

Sametinger, Johannes eReadiness of Business cesses – 287

Sadler, Brian M On Periodic Pulse Interval Analysis with Outliers and Missing Observations – 359

Sams, C. F. Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Associated with Spaceflight – 255

Saenz-Otero, Alvar SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Development and Validation Testbed: Current Progress and Beyond – 55

Sam-Yellowe, Tobili Y Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites – 223

Saffman, Mark Quantum Logic With Cold Neutral Atoms – 413

Sanchez, Esteban F Evaluation of the Effects of Predicted Associativity On the Reliability and Performance Of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks – 120

Sahlstrom, T D Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35 Sahn, David J Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for Detecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies at Remote Military of Native American Health Care Facilities – 231 Sahoo, Debashis Control of Acoustics and Store Separation in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow – 8 Saito, Hirobumi The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using SuperConducting Magnets – 62 Sakai, Shin-ichiro The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using SuperConducting Magnets – 62 Sakamoto, Takahide Advanced Optical Modulators for Nextgeneration Photonic Networks – 126 Sakla, Steven Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management – 143 Salah, Joseph E Studies of Enhanced Performance of the Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Observation and Space Weather – 447 Salapaka, Murti V Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133 Salasovich, J. Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems Analysis – 182

B-54

Pro-

Sanchez, Roberto C Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bundling and Filtration in Large-Scale Distributed Simulations – 136 Sanders, Melanie J Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL – 95 Sanderson, R Development of a Ship Service Fuel Cell – 181 Sandor, Leslie W The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coating Life Phase. Phase 2 – 66 Sangkharomaya, Suebpong Research and Operational Support for the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal Thai Government – 213 Sanner, Robert M. Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission – 52 Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Formation Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Cross-Coupling – 50 SanSoucie, Michael P. Habitat Design Optimization and Analysis – 452 Santiago, Saul Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267

Santtila, M. Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Training Operation – 268 Sapolsky, Harvey National Security Space Policy in the U.S. and Europe. Trends and Choices – 34 Sarkar, Purna Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385 Sarma, Anita Visualizing Parallel Workspace Activities – 377 Sasaki, Kensuke OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 Saucillo, Rudolph NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study – 459 Sauerborn, Geoffrey C Csv_to_ZDIFF: A Translator in the CASRED Tool Set, Version 1.4 – 312 Saul, Allan Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 Saunders, R A Nonelectronic Countermeasures for Infrared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of Heat Decoys as Countermeasures – 461 Sawada, Shin-ichi Assessment of Local Cold Tolerance of Individuals by using Conventional and Unconventional Methods Based on Observation of CIVD Reactivity – 258 Sawka, M N Operator Functional State Assessment (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle de i’operateur humain) – 256 Sawyer, Benjamin G Games for Health 2005 – 430 Sawyer, Robert F On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays – 83 Saydy, Lahcen Guardian Maps and the Generalized Stability of Parametrized Families of Matrices and Polynomials – 392 On Stabilization with a Prescribed Region of Asymptotic Stability – 392 Sayres, David S. CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Schabel, Matthias C Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction Tomography – 208

Schade, H A Shock and 5 – 428

Vibration

Bulletin.

No.

Schaeffer, David G A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlinear Parabolic PDE – 391 Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Through Nonaxisymmetric Hoppers – 144 Schaller, Joerg Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal – 144 Schamus, John Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Commercial GPS Receiver Through Software Approach (Preprint) – 306 Scharf, Daniel P. An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer – 53 Scharf, Daniel Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed – 444 Schaub, Hanspeter Static Formation Control Using Interspacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48 Schauer, F R Experimental Study of Deflagration-toDetonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine – 27 Schauer, Fred R Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branching in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 Propagation of Detonation Waves in Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust Tube – 27 Schauer, Fred Data Analysis and Compression Techniques for Megabyte-Data PDE Experiments – 29 Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed Detonation Engine – 113 Integration of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With an Ejector Pump and With a Turbo-Charger as Methods to SelfAspirate – 28 Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With a Turbine – 28 Schauer, Frederick Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28 Schauer, Fredric Initiation of Detonation in a Large Tube – 27

Schiller, N. H. A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Bays – 13 Schlegel, Charles F Global En Route Basing Infrastructure Location Model – 21 Schmidt, A. R. Flexible and Scalable Digital Library Search – 281 Schmidt, Harry Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation for Distributed Sensor Networks and Missile Seeker Systems – 293 Schmidt, John R Progress in the Development of a Multiphase Turbulent Model of the Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Ammunition Primer – 147 Schmidt, Martin A Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161

Schols, Ed Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines – 261 Schrag, Robert Expressive Threat Detection Validation Framework – 299 Schramm, Fred, Jr. NASA Technologies for Product Identification – 44 Schribner, David The Effect of Various Display Modalities on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Performance – 265 Schrijver, C. The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’ – 56 Schroeder, David A Human Factors Review of the Operational Error Literature – 5 Schroeder, Paul Screening Evaluations for Upland Confined Disposal Facility Effluent Quality – 84

Schnabel, Robert B A New Large-Scale Global Optimization Method and Its Application to LennardJones Problems – 356

Schroff, Richard Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis With Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report – 226

Developing and Understanding Methods for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimization – 381

Schulte, D. Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for Luminosity Performance Studies – 422

Dynamic Scheduling Strategies for an Adaptive, Asynchronous Parallel Global Optimization Algorithm – 356

Schum, William K Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Subsystems for End-to-End Spacecraft Modeling – 38

Representations of Quasi-Newton Matrices and Their Use in Limited Memory Methods – 391 TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems Using Tensor Methods – 356 Schneider, Jean First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54

Schwaller, Mathew R NASA’s Global Precipitation Mission Ground Validation Segment – 199 Schwartz, Michael F Customized Information Extraction as a Basis for Resource Discovery – 435 Experiences with a Survey Tool for Discovering Network Time Protocol Servers – 323

Schneider, Jeff Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages – 385

Schwartz, Richard Headline Generation for Written and Broadcast News – 432

Schneider, Jochen M Ab-Initio Calculations of Structure and Properties of Nanolaminated MAX Phases – 138

Schwartzman, Eugene Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements – 337

Schneider, Michael K DARPA Integrated Sensing and Processing (ISP) Program. Approximation Methods for Markov Decision Problems in Sensor Management – 363

Schwoon, Stefan Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI on PKI – 327

Scheltens, James The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98

Schneider, Robert W Very Dense Magnetic Sensor Arrays for Precision Measurement and Detection – 150

Schepler, Kenneth L Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Thin Disks – 157

Schoeler, George B Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru – 218

Scire, Jr, James Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 357 Scott, Matthew E Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 104 Sealander, Dave Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73

B-55

Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Surface Preparation and Coatings – 73 Sears, Edie The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58

Semiatin, Sheldon L X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstructure (PREPRINT) – 103

Searson, P C Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts – 259

Serabyn, E. Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner and Baseline Rotation – 416

Sedegah, M Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203

Serban, R. Sensitivity Analysis of DifferentialAlgebraic Equations and Partial Differential Equations – 281

Sedwick, Raymond J. Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62 Seelecke, Stefan Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actuators – 106 Segletes, Steven B A Concise Physical Interpretation of Several Analytical Grueneisen Formulations – 358 Seguela, Dominique An Overview of CNES Strategy and Activities on Formation Flying – 57 Seibert, W Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Seidman, Thomas I An Inverse Eigenvalue Problem With Rotational Symmetry – 389

Serkiz, S. M. From Sequential Extraction to Transport Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Contaminants – 64 Serre, T A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex – 251 Serre, Thomas A New Biologically Motivated Framework for Robust Object Recognition – 334 Object Recognition with Features Inspired by Visual Cortex – 332 On the Role of Object-Specific Features for Real World Object Recognition in Biological Vision – 338

Well-Posedness and Convergence of Some Regularization Methods for Nonlinear Ill-Posed Problems – 393

Seshadri,, Rekha Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins – 254

Seifert, Jeffery W Information Technology (IT) Management: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430

Sesselmann, Rainer High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 50

Seifert, Jeffrey W Information Sharing for Homeland Security: A Brief Overview – 440

Sessler, D I Effect of the Forearm Tissue Temperature on the Cold Induced Vasodilation – 198

Sekulic, W. Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Test System at the Outdoor Test Facility – 184

Setlow, Barbara Physical Methods For Inactivating Spores: A Critical Assessment – 399

Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility – 182

Setlow, Peter Physical Methods For Inactivating Spores: A Critical Assessment – 399

Small PV Systems Performance Evaluation at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method – 175

Severin, Kay New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sensitive Equipment Decontamination – 92

Sekutowicz, J. Superconducting Photocathodes – 396

Sfirri, Michael A Purchasing Agent’s Guide to Buying Paints and Coatings – 66

Sela, Amir Client/Server Model for Distributed Computing: An Implementation – 328

Shaffer, Alan Research and Engineering Information Available to the War Fighter – 434

Sell, Steve W. SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Development and Validation Testbed: Current Progress and Beyond – 55

Shaffstall, Robert M. Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Cargo Industry – 6

B-56

Shah, Chirag Evaluating the Quality of Query Refinement Suggestions in Information Retrieval – 437 Shalf, J. HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices – 440 Shamma, S A Organization of Response Areas in Ferret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220 Representation of Spectral Profiles in the Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple Phases – 412 Shamma, S Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Radar Signals in the Presence of Noise – 152 Shamma, Shihab A Identification of Connectivity in Neural Networks – 340 Shamma, Shihab Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Very Large Time-Constant Circuits – 406 Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor NonFiltering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifiers – 405 Shams, Qamar A. Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System – 140 Shang, Qingsheng Encapsulation Application Research of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Environment – 171 Shannon, Jackilen Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A Randomized Controlled Trial – 249 Shapiro, Jonathan S Eros-based Confined ent – 313

Capability

Cli-

Shea, Dana A Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues – 7 The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center: Issues for Congress – 221 Shea, M T Treatment of PTSD-Related Anger in Troops Returning From Hazardous Deployments – 229 Shearer, Judy F Utility of Niche Models in Developing Site Assessments Technologies Associated With Aquatic Nuisance Species Invasions at Corps Facilities – 305 Shearer, Michael A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlinear Parabolic PDE – 391

Shedd, Tommy R Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida – 74 Sheehan, P E Design and Performance of GMR Sensors for the Detection of Magnetic Microbeads in Biosensors – 399 Sheikhi, M R Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames – 146 Sheinson, R S Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames – 87 Sheldon, P. Dislocation Generation by Thermal Stresses in Si: Modeling and Experiments – 183 Shell-Duncan, Bettina K Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 86 Shelton, Christian R Balancing Multiple Sources of Reward in Reinforcement Learning – 333 Shen, Jianqiang KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330 Shepherd, Kevin P. Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Propagation in Aircraft Noise Prediction – 409 Sherwood, Rob Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Shibata, Yoshimi Oral Administration of N-Acetyl-D Glucosamine Polymer Particles DownRegulates Airway Allergic Responses – 232 Shields, III, R V User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Software (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 Shields, Joel F. An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer – 53 Shih, A. T. An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis – 387 Shin, Hyunjung Fabrication and Characterization of Electric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 Shiu, G. Observational Signatures and NonGaussianities of General Single Field Inflation – 397

Shoemaker, Kent The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 Shohami, Esther Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors – 216 Shoshani, A. Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several Orders of Magnitude – 290 Shrobe, Howard AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing, Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptivity and Trust Management – 384 Shrum, Sandy CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: What We Learned – 297 Shulman, Seth Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Shwartz, Adam Analysis and Adaptive Control of a Discrete-Time Single-Server Network with Random Routing – 327 On the Poisson Equation for Countable Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions and Parameter Dependence by Probabilistic Methods – 346

Simpson, Brian D 3-D Audio: Military Applications and Symbology – 410 Improving Multitalker Speech Communication with Advanced Audio Displays – 121 Military Speech Communications over Vocoders in Tandem – 331 Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Safety and Enhancing Situation Awareness in General Aviation Environments – 411 Simpson, Thomas B Fiber Laser Arrays – 158 Sinden, Robert Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites – 223 Sing, Helen Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 Singh, Gurkipal An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer – 53

Sidiropoulos, Nikos Multiuser Transmit Beamforming for Maximum Sum Capacity in Tactical Wireless Multicast Networks – 402

Singh, Nagendra High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of BBELF Turbulence – 417

Siegal, Gene A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253

Singh, P. M. Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1, 2002-February 28, 2006.) – 87

Siegert, Gregory T Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Fiber Orientation – 90

Singh, Upendra N. Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode – 156

Silliams-Hayes, Peggy S. Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31

Sinha, Akhouri A Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245

Sils, Ingrid V Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Dehydrated Rats – 87 Silva, Randy A GPS Receiver Designed for CarrierPhase Time Transfer – 134 Silveri, David Abatement of Marine Coatings Containing Heavy Metals – 65 Silverstein, E. Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Vauum Decay – 397 Simons, M. Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness during Sustained Operations – 273

Sinha, Ravi CRESST Human Performance Knowledge Mapping System – 302 Sinz, Elizabeth H International Meeting on Medical Simulation (6th), ‘The World of Simulation’ Held in San Diego, California on January 1417, 2006 – 241 Sireli, Yesim Longitudinal Study of the Market Penetration of Cockpit Weather Information Systems – 25 Sislak, David Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Environment – 333 Skahill, Brian E Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration – 354

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Skelley, James P Experiments in Expression Recognition – 333 Skidmore, E. Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at the Savannah River Site – 110 Skinner, Kristin A Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Target for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212 Slavin, D E The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Particle Study – 222

Smith, Jamison A. Role of Deep Convection in Establishing the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 Smith, Jane M Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Transformation – 377 Smith, Jeremy NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5

Slayzak, Steven Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For Indoor Environmental Quality and Security – 165

Smith, Jessica B. CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199

Slear, James N AFIT UAV Swarm Mission Planning and Simulation System – 18

Smith, Joseph G. Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides – 75

Sloughter, J M Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Averaging – 198

Smith, Joshua Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133

Smedley, J. Superconducting Photocathodes – 396

Smith, Kenneth CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: What We Learned – 297

Smillie, Robert J. Integration and Application of Human Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: Assessment of Network Centric Warfare Capabilities – 268 Smith, A. C. General Purpose Fissile Package, A Replacement for the 6M Specification Package – 76 Type B Package Radioactive Material Content Compliance – 76 Smith, A. Post Fire Transient Temperature Distribution in Drum Type Packages – 77 Smith, Carl H Very Dense Magnetic Sensor Arrays for Precision Measurement and Detection – 150 Smith, D C Nonelectronic Countermeasures for Infrared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of Heat Decoys as Countermeasures – 461 Smith, D J Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With 40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256 Smith, D Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Smith, Dennis A. Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation – 165 Smith, E M The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109

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Smith, Kurt V Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors and its Implications – 136 Smith, M J Performance Analysis of a Wing With Multiple Winglets – 3 Smith, Marcia S Military Space Programs: Issues Concerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Programs – 41 Smith, R C Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 Smith, Ralph C A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostrictive Sensors – 156 Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning – 133 Model Development for Piezoceramic Nanopositioners – 106 Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actuators – 106 Parameter Estimation Techniques for a Polarization Hysteresis Model – 398 Partial and Full Inverse Compensation for Hysteresis in Smart Material Systems – 129

Smith, Scott M. Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Last 45 Years – 255 Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years – 221 The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale – 258 Smith, Scott Nutrition Issues for Space Exploration – 221 Smith, Sharon L Dynamic Scheduling Strategies for an Adaptive, Asynchronous Parallel Global Optimization Algorithm – 356 Smith Slep, Amy M Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduction Systems for Family Maltreatment, Suicidality, and Substance Problems in the USAF – 257 Smith, Stephanie The Interagency Security Committee and Security Standards for Federal Buildings – 167 Smith, W M Channel Characterization for EHF Satellite Communications on the Move – 123 Smolka, James W. Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Sniffin, Robert W. WRSM Operations Concept – 200 Sochet, L R Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study – 83 Soderland, Stephen A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in Information Extraction – 381 Soderman, Paul T. Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel – 1 Sodnik, Jaka Vision of the phony – 119

4G

Mobile

Tele-

Sodnik, Zoran High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 50 Sohl, Garett Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed – 444

Smart Structures: Model Development and Control Applications – 400

Sohn, Euijung Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? – 332

Smith, S. M. Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Associated with Spaceflight – 255

Solbeck, Jason A Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication – 410

Son, Sang H DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Database Server for High-Assurance TimeCritical Applications – 438 Managing Contention and Timing Constraints in a Real-Time Database System – 426 Songbai, Sheng A Memoryless Augmented GaussNewton Method for Nonlinear LeastSquares Problems – 360 Sopori, B. Dislocation Generation by Thermal Stresses in Si: Modeling and Experiments – 183 Sorokach, Michael R. Decision Support Tools – 387

Methods

and

Sotiris, Kellas Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced CarbonCarbon Bend Test and Analysis for Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Impact Damage Thresholds – 78 Souza e Silva, Adriana A de Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Performance: Predicting Shooting Performance with Advanced Distributed Learning Assessments – 301 Sowers, Richard B Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Systems in Correlated Noise with NonGaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic Behavior of the Difference Between the MMSE and LMSE Estimates – 367

Spiering, Bruce Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173 Spiess, Bruce D Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Emulsion – 256 Spiker, Meredith Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turbomachinery Airfoils – 142 Spinelli, Christopher J Development and Testing of a HighSpeed Real-Time Kinematic Precise DGPS Positioning System Between Two Aircraft – 154 Spruce, Joseph P. Verification and Validation of NASASupported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observing System (HABSOS) – 173 Srinivasan, Jeffrey M. Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions – 48 Srinivasan, Mandayam A Identification and Control of Haptic Systems: A Computational Theory – 350 Srinivasan, Rajan Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabilities of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364

Stanley, Doug NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375 Stanojev, B. J. Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion – 61 Starkenburg, C J Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Surface Preparation and Coatings – 73 Starkenburg, C Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Starr, D. Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Vauum Decay – 397 Steihaug, Trond A Convergence Theory for a Class of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 388 Steinetz, Bruce M. Acoustic Seal – 412 Steinfeld, G Development of a Ship Service Fuel Cell – 181 Stelmach, Michael Spiral System Implementation Methodology: Application of the Knowledge Web and Network-Centric Best Practices – 384

New Results in Discrete-Time Nonlinear Filtering – 343

Srivastava, Meera Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Cancer – 227

On the Effects of the Initial Condition in State Estimation for Discrete-Time Linear Systems – 339

Staid, Matt Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites – 451

Stern, I L High Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurgical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 100

Spangler, Glenn E Physical Methods For Inactivating Spores: A Critical Assessment – 399

Staid, M. Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3 – 450

Visual Reference Standards for Weld Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99

Spann, J. F. Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450

Staley, Mark Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transparent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95

Stern, Michael Control of Growth Within Drosophila Peripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Kinase A – 204

Spatz, Maria Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors – 216 Spector, Lee Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements – 337 Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning With a Multi-Level Architecture – 336 Spencer, Michael B. Strategies to Improve Alertness during Extended Deployments – 263 Spicer, Randy L A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63

Standish, Jared J The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Composition Sensitivity to Variations in Source and Process – 173 Stanhope, A. Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 Staniford-Chen, Stuart G Distributed Tracing of Intruders – 345

Sterner, Teresa R TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstration Field Sampling Report: Robins Air Force Base Warner-Robins GA – 69 Stetz, Melba C. U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness – 273 Stevens, James OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Worksheets for Systems – 320

Net-

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduction to OCTAVE-S – 321

VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example Scenario – 318

Stankovic, John A Denial of Service works – 322

in

Sensor

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OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Preparation Guidance – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method Guidelines – 321 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organizational Worksheets – 320 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical Asset Worksheets for Information – 320 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Asset Worksheets for Applications – 319 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical Asset Worksheets for People – 319 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy and Plan Worksheets – 319 Stewart, Eric W The Use of Computers in Advancing Group Technology (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 306 Still, K R Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111 Stockinger, K. Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several Orders of Magnitude – 290 HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices – 440 Stockingetr, K. HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices – 440 Stockstill, Richard L Hydraulic Design of Channels Conveying Supercritical Flow – 146 Stoddard, L. Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California. Report for May 2005 to April 2006 – 174 Stoer, J On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 351 Stone, Barbara M. Strategies to Improve Alertness during Extended Deployments – 263 Stone, William L Tocotrienols and Prostate Cancer – 207 Stoneking, Eric The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58 Stoness, Scott C Incremental Parsing with Reference Interaction – 341

B-60

Stookey, David E A Notional Battlespace for Simulating and Testing Dynamic Wireless Networks – 374 Story, George Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Vehicles – 47 Stottler, Dick Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Military Domains – 436 Stottler, Richard H Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to an Existing Training Simulation – 332

Stubbs, John Breast Cancer in African American Women: Molecular Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes – 201 Stupakov, G. Elliptically Polarized Modes in RF Cavities – 401 Sturdy, James L. Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Throughput and Traffic Delays Using Self Separation Procedures – 4

Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring System (TAO ITS) – 308

Stutrud, Jeff Integration of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With an Ejector Pump and With a Turbo-Charger as Methods to SelfAspirate – 28

Stough, H. Paul, III New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Weather-Related Accidents – 24

Stytz, Martin Low-Cost Launch Systems for the DualLaunch Concept – 36

Stough, Harry Paul, III Longitudinal Study of the Market Penetration of Cockpit Weather Information Systems – 25 Stowers, A Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Strassburger, E High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (AION) – 114 Stratton, Suzanne R Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measurements of a Dismount With RocketPropelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at Ka-Band – 149 Strauss, Eric A Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake – 85 Strazisar, Anthony J. Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas Turbine – 29 Streiff, M A Applications of Digital Transfer of Computer Aided Design Data for Production Usage (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 304 Strom, D. First Results with Prototype Detectors of the Si/W ECAL – 406 Stromgren, Chel NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study – 459 Stuart, M. L. Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80

Subia, R. Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1, 2003 to September 30, 2005 – 81 Subramanian, K. H. Characteristic Electrochemical Noise During Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Permeation – 64 Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Complex Radioactive High Level Radioactive Waste – 97 Sucec, Anthony A Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep Deprivation – 257 Suder, Kenneth L. Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas Turbine – 29 Sulima, Oleg V. Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Region – 130 Sumner, Tamara R Designers and Their Tools: Computer Support for Domain Construction – 311 Sutton, Janet L. Enabling Cultural Adaptability – 265 Sutton, Jr, Stanley Active Relations for Specifying and Implementing Software Object Management – 326 Suwannakachorn, D. System of Nanosecond 280-kevVHe(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418 Sval, Milan Impact of Threshold Degradation on Availability of Digital Fixed Radio Links – 119 Swab, Jeffrey J Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transparent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95

Swaminathan, Lavanya Agent-Based Engineering Analysis – 324

Drawing

Talelman, Todd Immigration: Analysis of the Major Provisions of the REAL ID Act of 2005 – 302

Swank, Freeman J Development and Testing of a Novel Standard Particle for Performance Verification of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detection Systems – 112

Tamanaha, C R Design and Performance of GMR Sensors for the Detection of Magnetic Microbeads in Biosensors – 399

Swanson, S J The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203

Tang, Lin Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity – 141

Sweet, Gary K Automated Blasting & Recovery of Coatings Removed From Ship Hulls – 73

Tang, Liping Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245

Swietnicki, Wieslaw Folding of Aggregated Proteins to Functionally Active Form – 233

Tang, Shao-Jun A Functional Genomic Analysis of NF1Associated Learning Disabilities – 216

Swift, Mary Skeletons in the Parser: Using a Shallow Parser to Improve Deep Parsing – 336

Tang, Xiao-Han Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Cancer – 205

Sylvester, Roxanne M Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Performance: Predicting Shooting Performance with Advanced Distributed Learning Assessments – 301 Symes, William W Velocity Inversion by Coherency Optimization – 192 Synolakis, Costas E Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in the USA – 432 Sytkowski, Arthur Selenium and Growth – 235

Breast

Cancer

Szep, A A Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34 Szwaczkowski, Joseph Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Tachibana, Takuji Advanced Lightpath Establishment for Distributed Computing – 317 Tadda, George Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433 Tadepalli, Prasad KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/DataPoor Domains – 330 Tajiima, H. Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission – 450

Tanju, Barry Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for Enhanced Signal Processing – 301 Tankosic, D. Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450 Tanner, M J Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 98 Tanner, Mark Tracking System for Automatic Welding. Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip Life for Through-the-Arc Welding System – 163 Tapia, R A A Trust Region Strategy for Equality Constrained Optimization – 359 On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 351 On the Convergence of the Tapia Indicators in the Absence of Strict Complementarity – 350 Tapia, Richard A A Convergence Theory for a Class of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization – 388 On the Convergence of the MizunoTodd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center of the Solution Set – 349

Takala, Tapio An Integrated Approach to Motion and Sound – 301

On the Formulation and Theory of the Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlinear Programming – 300

Takeichi, Noboru Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector – 51

Tarabusi, Enrico C Range of the k-Dimensional Radon Transform in Real Hyperbolic Spaces – 393

Tarakanov, Alexander O Development of Mathematical Models of Immune Networks Intended for Information Security Assurance – 326 Tari, Ana Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecular Target in Breast Cancer – 229 Tarver, C. M. Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Characterize Violence with Varying Confinement – 76 Tasic, Jurij F. Human Perception and Objective Delay Evaluation of Multimedia Services – 429 Tate, J N Houston-Galveston Navigation Channels, Texas Project: Navigation Channel Sedimentation Study, Phase 1 – 353 Taylor, A Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Rats and Mice – 203 Taylor, Bryant D. Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sensing – 127 Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System – 140 Magnetic Field Response Sensor For Conductive Media – 139 Taylor, Catherine A Characterization of Passivated Indium Antimonide – 91 Taylor, E W Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications – 34 Taylor, J Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Taylor, Michael W Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Issues and Solutions – 33 Teague, Calvin C Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 Teeter, G. Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface Analysis PV Research – 179 Teets, Edward H., Jr. Turbulence and mountain wave conditions observed with an airborne 2-micron lidar – 24 ten Thoren, Corinna Support of Mission and Work Scheduling by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276 Teolis, A Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Radar Signals in the Presence of Noise – 152

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Teolis, Anthony Discrete Representation of Signals from Infinite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces with Application to Noise Suppression and Compression – 342 Teplin, C. W. Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials – 179 Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers – 177 Tepool, J. Eric RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration – 37 Terwilliger, K. M. Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for PV Packaging – 184 Teston, F. Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation Flying Demonstration – 58 Tetreault, Joel Incremental Parsing with Reference Interaction – 341 Semantics, Dialogue, and Reference Resolution – 381 Thakur, S. Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at the Savannah River Site – 110 Tharion, William J Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Use among Elite U.S. Army Soldiers – 438 Theije, Pascal de Benchmark Evaluation of Trackers – 413

Multistatic

Thomas, Donald A. NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 258 Thomas, Eric First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling – 54 Thomas, G R Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Breakwater Systems – 194 Thomas, James D Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ultrasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and Emergency Therapeutics – 247 Thomas, Jeffrey P Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turbomachinery Airfoils – 142 Thomas, Maria Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments – 266

B-62

Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267 Thomas, Phillip D Automatic Submerged ARC Welding With Metal Power Additions to Increase Productivity and Maintain Quality – 164 Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Castings (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164 Thomas, Robert An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Reflection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Propulsion Device – 414 Thompson, Craig M. Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides – 75 Thompson, Edward F Wave Climate and Wave Response, Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii – 385 Thompson, James D Verification of a Decision Level Fusion Algorithm Using a Proven ATR System and Measured SAR Data – 352 Thompson, Tim L. The DARPA/USAF Falcon Small Launch Vehicles – 36

Program

Thompson, William T. The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned – 278 Thonabauer, Claudia eReadiness of cesses – 287

Business

Pro-

Thongnoapparat, N. System of Nanosecond 280-kevVHe(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418 Thorell, L M The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Development of Non-Polluting, Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Systems For Ships – 72 Thorne, David Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools – 267

Tien, Jeffrey Y. Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions – 48 Tillman, Dorothy H Conceptual Processes for Linking Eutrophication and Network Models – 354 Tilton, James C Automated Selection of Results in Hierarchical Segmentations of Remotely Sensed Hyperspectral Images – 170 Tilton, M L High Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Postprint) – 157 Performance Comparison of Optically Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared Lasers – 158 Tinker, Michael L. Habitat Design Optimization and Analysis – 452 Tipton, Michael The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258 Tirpak, R E Thermal Conductivity of Composites Under Different Heating Scenarios – 420 Tisserand, V. Measurement of the CKM-Angle gamma BABAR – 421 Tits, Andre L On Stabilization with a Prescribed Region of Asymptotic Stability – 392 Tits, Andre Guardian Maps and the Generalized Stability of Parametrized Families of Matrices and Polynomials – 392 To, B. High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175 Toelle, Jens Components for Cooperative Intrusion Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environments – 317 Tomazic, Saso Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engineers? – 284 Vision of the phony – 119

4G

Mobile

Tele-

Tomes, Kristin M. The Exploration Water Recovery System – 442

Thumm, Tracy L. NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration – 258

Tomsick, John A. X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity – 449

Tielens, A. G. G. M. Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450

Tomzig, Michael Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Feasibility Study (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 329

Tondra, M Design and Performance of GMR Sensors for the Detection of Magnetic Microbeads in Biosensors – 399 Toon, Owen B. Role of Deep Convection in Establishing the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 Topolska, Agnieszka E Associations Between Responses to the Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity to Malaria Infection – 202 Toraskar, J. Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular Clouds – 448 Totok, Alexander Efficiently Distributing ComponentBased Applications Across Wide-Area Environments – 295 Touitou, Yvan Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man – 276 Toxopeus, C The Isolated Perfused Rat Liver and its use in the Study of Chemical Kinetics: Quality and Performance Parameters – 82 Tozicka, Jan Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Environment – 333 Tracy, Barbara A Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave Information Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast with 3-G Hindcasting – 113 Tran, Daniel Q. Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Tran, H T Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and Compensators: A State-Dependent Riccati Equation Approach – 355 Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Control of Transverse Beam Vibrations: Experimental Implementation – 403

Travis, William D Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program – 240 Trechter, Joseph M Information Technology Governance and the Air Force – 325 Treu, T. Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449 Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M. Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith Formation from H3 Chondrite Material by Possible Cometary Impact – 454 Trigo-Rodriquez, Josep M. Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Chondrites – 189 Trimber, Kenneth A Adaption of Japanese Prefabrication Priming Procedure to U.S. Shipbuilding Methodology Task 3-79-1 – 70 Trindade, Christopher J Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox – 228 Tripp, Robert S Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution Planning and Control – 121 Triscari, Jr , Thomas Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433 Trost, Andrej Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130 Troutman, Patrick A. NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study – 459 Trudell, D. Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Test System at the Outdoor Test Facility – 184

Tran, H Modeling and Computation of Propagating Waves from Coronary Stenoses – 409

Truini, Margot Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 169

Tran, Hien T Modeling and Control of Physical Processes Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition – 378

Trumper, D. L. System Dynamics and Control System for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator and Fast Tool Servo – 125

Trani, Antonio NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5

Tsakiris, Dimitrios P Motion Control and Planning for Nonholonomic Kinematic Chains – 342

Travassos, Job Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73

Tsan, Min-Fu Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy – 243

Tsang, W Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Blends of Inert and Catalytic Agents – 91 Tsang, Wing Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3Butadiene Decomposition – 90 Tsonev, Latchezar I A Microplate Assay for the Determination of Hemoglobin Concentration – 220 Tsoucas, Pantelis Interchange Arguments in Stochastic Scheduling – 380 Tsuchiya, T On the Formulation and Theory of the Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlinear Programming – 300 Tsui, David T Feasibility Study for the Reduction of Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous Anions – 82 Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separation Column – 83 Tsui, James B Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Commercial GPS Receiver Through Software Approach (Preprint) – 306 Tsynkov, S V Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Electromagnetic Waves – 403 Tubb, Christopher Experimentation to Address Appropriate Test Techniques for Measuring the Attenuation Provided by Double ANR Hearing Protectors – 410 Investigating Double Hearing Protection using Human Subjects – 411 Tucker, Colin Initiation of Detonation in a Large Tube – 27 Tucker, Dennis Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159 Tucker, K C Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branching in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 Tucker, S. Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 Turk, Joseph WindSat Applications for Weather Forecasters and Data Assimilation – 194 Turley, Steven D Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida – 74 Turner, Claire Strategies to Improve Alertness during Extended Deployments – 263

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Turner, Dick Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416 Turner, Kathryn A Variable-Metric Variant of the Karmarkar Algorithm for Linear Programming – 348 Generalized tions – 374

Conjugate

Direc-

Tvaryanas, Anthony P. The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned – 278 Twum, Maxwell Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of Black Men to Screening for Prostate Cancer – 233

Valentine, Jennifer R Application of the Strategic Alignment Model and Information Technology Governance Concepts to Support Network Centric Warfare – 323 Valk, P. Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness during Sustained Operations – 273

Vanden, Kirk Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Issues for Explosively Formed Penetrators – 1

Vallejo-Desviat, P. Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 270

vandenBerg, Coen Stress and Psychological port – 277

Valpiani, James M Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation for Small Satellites – 3

Vandersall, K. S. Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Characterize Violence with Varying Confinement – 76

van Balken, Johan S Design and Evaluation of Warning Sounds in Frigate Control Centres – 410

Uchiyama, Y. Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449

Van Beers, Pascal Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man – 276

Ueno, Hiroshi Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector – 51 Uribe, Tomas Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137 Urick, R J Sound Transmission to Long Ranges in the Ocean – 408 Urry, C. M. Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449 Ushikubo, Takashi OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 Vail, Neal Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242 Valavani, Lena Robust Stochastic trol – 349

Adaptive

Con-

Valdes, James J A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Escherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Production of Organophosphorus Hydrolase – 68 Valent, Philip J Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft Sediments: Experimental Evidence and Predictions – 365 Valent, Philip A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Prediction – 365

B-64

van Wijngaarden, Sander Extension of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433

Vallejo, P Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21

Tyack, Peter L Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal Occurrence, Habitat Associations and Interactions with Ocean Dynamic Features – 411

Udrea, Bogdan Accurate Formation Flying Design and Validation for the Darwin Precursor Demonstration Mission – 49

Objective Measurement of the Speech Transmission Quality of Vocoders by Means of the Speech Transmission Index – 331

van Buuren, Ronald Extension of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433 van de Lagemaat, J. Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge Movement – 177 Van Duyne, J. Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449

Sup-

Vandetverldt, Hans H Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164 VanGaasbeck, Jim Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 VanGilder, Douglas B Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Near-Field Plasma Properties of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 311 VanGilder, Douglas Multi-Domain Plasma Expansion Simulations Using a Particle-in-Cell Method – 417

Van Dyke, Melissa Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars – 174

VanZante, Dale E. An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans – 407

van Gils, Bastiaan J Objective Measurement of the Speech Transmission Quality of Vocoders by Means of the Speech Transmission Index – 331

Varner, G. S. Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos via Coherent Radio Emission – 420

van Hest, M. F. Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials – 179 Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers – 177 Van Tassel, Gary W The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactivation of LNG Tankers: Lessons Learned – 111 van Wijngaarden, Sander J Design and Evaluation of Warning Sounds in Frigate Control Centres – 410

Vassberg, John C. Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16 Vaucher, Gail White Sands Missile Range Urban Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single Building Part 1: Background and Overview – 143 Velasco, C Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 Velasco-Diaz, C. Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments – 270 Vendura, Jr , George J A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Comparison with Conventional Systems – 35

Venechuk, Elizabeth M. Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitability of Ancient Mars – 458

Vogel, Curtis R Well-Posedness and Convergence of Some Regularization Methods for Nonlinear Ill-Posed Problems – 393

Venkataraman, Malathy Devi High Resolution Spectroscopy to Support Atmospheric Measurements – 185

Vogel, Kurt A Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satellite Formations for the Purpose of SpaceBased Remote Sensing – 41

Verall, Neil G. Exploration of the Area of Multinational Operations and Inter-Cultural Factors: An Update of HFM-120/RTG Activities – 262 Verchovsky, Alexander B. Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457 Verhave, Jan A A Microphone-Array-Based System for Restoring Sound Localization with Occluded Ears – 137 Verlaan, Ad High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN – 50 Vermulen, Erik K TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstration Field Sampling Report: Robins Air Force Base Warner-Robins GA – 69 Versnel, H Organization of Response Areas in Ferret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220 Vesecky, John F Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 Vesely, Ivan Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine and Surgical Simulation – 230 Vickers, Jr, Ross R Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Tests – 236 Viggiano, A A Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) with Small Molecules – 92 Viken, Jeff NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 Vince, Julian Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21 Vinegar, Allen Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for the Anesthetics Halothane, Isoflurane, and Desflurane in the Pig (SUS SCROFA) – 217 Vinkavich, Michael Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring System (TAO ITS) – 308 Vinzant, Todd Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For Indoor Environmental Quality and Security – 165 Vira, Arvind Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73

Volf, Premysl Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Environment – 333 von Zwol, R. Flexible and Scalable Digital Library Search – 281 Voon, B K Structural Optimization in a Distributed Computing Environment – 382 Voronkov, Andrei Efficient Reasoning with Large Knowledge Bases – 441 Vos, Joos Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Literature Study – 410 Voss, David M The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations – 274 Vranic-Sowers, S Representation of Spectral Profiles in the Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple Phases – 412 Vrecko, Darko Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis – 376 Vrevskiy, A. Fossil Microorganisms chaean – 168

in

Ar-

Vrhovec, Miro Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty – 257 Vries, Linda F de Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Performance: Predicting Shooting Performance with Advanced Distributed Learning Assessments – 301 Vu, Phuong A A Memoryless Augmented GaussNewton Method for Nonlinear LeastSquares Problems – 360 A New Nonlinear Equations Test Problem – 351 Vu, Phuong, A Toward Direct Sparse Cholesky Factors – 350

Updates

VuQuang, Minh Wavelength Routing/Optical Switching/Optical Access work – 281

of

Burst Net-

Wada, Naoya OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 Research and Development of 160 Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Prototype and Related Technologies – 116 Wadley, H N Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Materials Processing Technology – 91 Wagner, Sandra The Apollo Expericence Lessons Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust Management – 458 Wagstaff, Kiri L. Learning User Preferences for Sets of Objects – 291 Waite, R F High Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurgical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 100 Visual Reference Standards for Weld Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99 Walker, Ellen Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433 Walker, James L. Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insulation for the External Tank Return to Flight – 446 Walker, Jonathan Molecular Targeting of the P13K/Akt Pathway to Prevent the Development Hormone Resistant Prostate Cancer – 210 Walker, N. Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for Luminosity Performance Studies – 422 Walker, Steven H. The DARPA/USAF Falcon Small Launch Vehicles – 36

Program

Walker, Thad Quantum Logic With Cold Neutral Atoms – 413 Wall, Jennifer D An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133 Wall, John Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management – 143 Walrand, Jean Interchange Arguments in Stochastic Scheduling – 380 Walter, John Initial Technology Assessment for the Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) System – 152 Walters, R J Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit – 35

B-65

Walters, William P Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105 Walther, Dirk Attentional Selection for Object Recognition - A Gentle Way – 340 Wamsley, Ty Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124 Wang, Chunming A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers – 112 Wang, Hao Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI on PKI – 327 Wang, Hua O Bifurcation Control of Chaotic Dynamical Systems – 385 Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359 Wang, Joseph A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63

Wang, Tongmin Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites – 223 Wanlass, M. New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, TripleBandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for HighEfficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Systems – 176 Wantanee, Kongsomboon Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma – 86 Ward, Mary C Techniques for Developing an Acquisition Strategy by Profiling Software Risks – 307 Warren, J. Superconducting Photocathodes – 396 Washburn, Bob DARPA Integrated Sensing and Processing (ISP) Program. Approximation Methods for Markov Decision Problems in Sensor Management – 363

Wang, L -S Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body Systems – 364

Wasson, John T. Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith Formation from H3 Chondrite Material by Possible Cometary Impact – 454

Wang, Li-Shang Relative Equilibria for Two Rigid Bodies Connected by a Ball-in-Socket Joint – 405

Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift in the O Isotopic Composition of the Solar Nebula – 455

Wang, Li-Sheng Control System Design for a Flexible Arm – 298 Gyroscopic tion – 445

Control

and

Stabiliza-

Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Gravitational Field – 34 Wang, Menghua In-Orbit Vicarious Calibration for Ocean Color and Aerosol Products – 200 Wang, Minghui A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 Wang, Q. 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion During Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon – 173

Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall – 457

Watkins, R. W. Type B Package Radioactive Material Content Compliance – 76 Watson, Henry E The Application of Intelligent Robotic Systems and Lasers for Manufacturing – 157 Watson, James F., III New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Weather-Related Accidents – 24 Watson, Kent A. Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides – 75 Watt, Tavis The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound Localisation – 409 Watts, S. M. Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Associated with Spaceflight – 255 Weaver, B D A Theory of Radiation Effects in Cellular Devices – 134 Weber, Larry J Numerical Simulations of the Fish Passage Facilities at Lower Granite Dam – 386 Weber, Norbert eReadiness of cesses – 287

Business

Pro-

Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Chondrites – 189

Webster, Richard T A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with Integrated TEM Transmission Lines – 128

Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452

Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors and its Implications – 136

Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of LowFeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 454 Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189

Wang, R. Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of FOX-7 – 96

Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LLChondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling – 453

Wang, T. H. 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact – 183

Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Type II Chondrules and Limited Overgrowths on Phenocrysts Following the Final Melting Event – 191

B-66

Waters, Jeff Spiral System Implementation Methodology: Application of the Knowledge Web and Network-Centric Best Practices – 384

Weeks, David J. The DARPA/USAF Falcon Small Launch Vehicles – 36

Program

Weeks, Thomas Low-Cost Launch Systems for the DualLaunch Concept – 36 Weese, R. K. Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of FOX-7 – 96 Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction and Impact – 75 Wei, Q F Modeling of Impact Beam – 360

on a Flexible

Wei, S. H. Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI Semiconductors – 178

Wei, W. Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1, 2003 to September 30, 2005 – 81 Weidman, W Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 373 Weigand, Kirk A Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433 Weingartner, J. C. Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450 Weinrich, Peter K The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle Measurement for Inclining Experiments – 307 Weinstock, Elliot M. CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTALFACE: An Analysis of Convective Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199

Wette, Matthew R. An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying Interferometer – 53 Wette, Matthew Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed – 444 Wey, Thomas Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Flow Path and Sampling System – 26

Whitson, P. A. Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Associated with Spaceflight – 255

Wheatcroft, M High Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurgical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 100

Wick, Charles H Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Spectrometry – 235

Whelan, Michael CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Activity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225

Wickens, Christopher D Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload Analysis – 6

White, Charles E Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224

Supporting Situation Assessment through Attention Guidance: A CostBenefit and Depth of Processing Analysis – 259

White, Charles F Analytical Determination of Airborne Radar Response to Extraneous Inputs – 155

Wendt, T M Fluidized Bed cess – 86

White, Cynthia V Harnessing Simulation of Naval Shipyards – 304

Pro-

Wenger, Lynn L The Human Volunteer in Military Biomedical Research (Military Medical Ethics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) – 241 Wernet, Mark P. An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans – 407 West, E. A. Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains – 450 West, Edward A. Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet FabryPerot Interferometers – 459 West, Harry The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufacture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299 Westbrook, C K Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study – 83 Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Organophosphorus Compounds – 69

Whitney, P. D. Towards a Unified Approach to Information Integration A Review Paper on Data/Information Fusion – 280

Wheatcroft, M F Visual Reference Standards for Weld Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99

Wemyss, Gian CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: What We Learned – 297 Biodenitrification

Whitmore, Jeffrey A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations – 240

White, Dawn Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 164 White, G. Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for Luminosity Performance Studies – 422 White, Timothy L Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Auditory Communications – 117 Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Correction Insert Stability Evaluation – 261 Whitman, L J Design and Performance of GMR Sensors for the Detection of Magnetic Microbeads in Biosensors – 399 Whitmeyer, Shelley J Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of Coastal Inlet Navigation Channels – 172 Whitmore, H. W. Integration of an Economy Under Imperfect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Ecological Model – 283

Wiedemann, H. Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Infrared Spectrum of Liquid MethanolWater Mixtures – 82 Wiersma, B. J. Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Complex Radioactive High Level Radioactive Waste – 97 Wieselthier, Jeffrey E Discrimination Against Partially Overlapping Interference -Its Effect on Throughput in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Access Channels – 341 Wilbur, David C Internet-Based Cervical Screening Program – 232

Cytology

Wilcox, C A Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Breakwater Systems – 194 Wile, David AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing, Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptivity and Trust Management – 384 Wiley, Patrick The Effect of Various Display Modalities on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Performance – 265 Wilhite, Alan W. NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375 Wilkins, F. Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP Initiative – 176

B-67

Wilkins, Jr, James R Results From Use of an Integrated Schedule for Drawing Development and Equipment Procurement (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325

Wingard, Doug Characterization of Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Materials for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation – 44

Williams, B A Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames – 87

Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assessment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160

Williams, Christopher R Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor Ground Validation for TRMM and GPM – 200 Williams, Daniel J Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL – 95 Williams, Diane Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep Deprivation – 257 Williams, G A Efficient and Robust Numerical Modeling of Variably Saturated Flow in Layered Porous Media – 169 Williams, John Navy High-Pressure Waterjet ClosedLoop Paint Stripping System (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 73 Willsky, Alan S Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and Riccati Equations – 354 Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal Classification – 438 Wilmarth, W. R. Task Technical and Quality Assurance Plan for the 2H Evaporator Scale Analysis – 76 Wilson, Derek Pipeline Optimization (PLOP) – 377

Program

Wilson, James Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Issues for Explosively Formed Penetrators – 1 Wilson, John W. Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47 Wilson, Paul M Simulation of Weapons Release from Cargo Aircraft – 8

Winkle, I E The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109 Winn, Kay Environmental Assessment (EA): Proposed Carriage Test Facility, Hill Air Force Base, Utah – 186 Winter, M. Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply with Special Provision for Experiences in ISAF 2003 – 269 Wiser, P R Organization of Response Areas in Ferret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220 Witelski, Thomas P A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlinear Parabolic PDE – 391 Witkowski, David P. Slotted Aircraft Wing – 23 Witney, Adam A Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome – 224 Witowski, David P. Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16 Woddard, Stanley E. Magnetic Field Response Sensor For Conductive Media – 139 Wofford, Steven J. RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration – 37 Wolf, Alexander L A Facilitator Method for Upstream Design Activities with Diverse Stakeholders – 310 A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for Distributed Configuration Management – 310 A Reusable, Distributed Repository for Configuration Management Policy Programming – 312 Event-Based rency – 379

Detection

of

Concur-

Combining Variable Selection with Dimensionality Reduction – 371 Object Recognition with Features Inspired by Visual Cortex – 332 Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vision Systems – 337 Regularization Through Feature Knock Out – 338 Wolfe, Gregory ‘Hoo-ah’ or Ouch: Methodologies for Assessing Military Vehicle Occupant Injuries – 204 Wong, Chee W Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161 Wong, E L Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 Wong, Hong Spacecraft Formation Flying near SunEarth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Generation and Adaptive Full-State Feedback Control – 52 Wong, Ivan Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer? – 332 Wong, O Performance Analysis of a Wing With Multiple Winglets – 3 Woo, J. H. Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449 Wood, Anthony D Denial of Service works – 322

in

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Wood, W E The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing – 102 Woodard, Stanley E. Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sensing – 127 Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System – 140 Woodcock, Gordon Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion to Robotic and Human Missions in NearEarth Space – 329

Wilson, Robert M. Examination of the Armagh Observatory Annual Mean Temperature Record, 1844-2004 – 199

Investigating the Applicability of Architecture Description in Configuration Management and Software Deployment – 303

Woods, Cynthia Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements – 337

Windhouwer, M. A. Flexible and Scalable Digital Library Search – 281

Wolf, Lior A New Biologically Motivated Framework for Robust Object Recognition – 334

Woods, Daniel J Optimization on Microcomputers: The Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm – 347

B-68

Woods, K. N. Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Infrared Spectrum of Liquid MethanolWater Mixtures – 82

Wrbanek, John D. Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumentation Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center – 151

Xu, T. 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact – 183

Woods, V Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflectance – 135

Wright, Henry S. Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle – 60

Yagi, Takeshi Experiments of a Terabit-Class SuperNetwork – 117

Wu, Gang-Yi The Role of the NeurofibrominSyndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234

Yagla, Jon J Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments (The National Shipbuilding Research Program) – 104

Woody, Carol OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Worksheets for Systems – 320

Wu, Joseph M Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Resveratrol – 239

Yakowitz, Sid Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Mapping Estimator for Frequency Estimation – 350

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example Scenario – 318

Wu, K. Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several Orders of Magnitude – 290

Yakowitz, Sidney On the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Detection – 370

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Preparation Guidance – 321

HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices – 440

Yam, Clement Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Augmented Rocket Nozzle – 145

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method Guidelines – 321

Wu, Lily Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for Advanced Prostate Cancer – 246

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduction to OCTAVE-S – 321

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organizational Worksheets – 320 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical Asset Worksheets for Information – 320 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Asset Worksheets for Applications – 319

Wu, X. Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Solar Cells – 179 Wynne, S Modeling and Computation of Propagating Waves from Coronary Stenoses – 409

Yamada, Hiroyoshi A Four-Component Decomposition of POLSAR Image – 426 Yamaguchi, Yoshio A Four-Component Decomposition of POLSAR Image – 426 Yamakawa, Hiroshi Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit – 55

Thermal Conductivity of Composites Under Different Heating Scenarios – 420

Yamamoto, Masayuki Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector – 51

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical Asset Worksheets for People – 319

Wysong, I Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows – 146

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy and Plan Worksheets – 319

Yamashita, S. Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detectors – 401

Xi, Wang Wavelength Routing/Optical Switching/Optical Access work – 281

Sustaining Software-Intensive tems – 318

Sys-

Woolard, D L Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabilities Within the Positive-DifferentialResistance Regions of Tunneling Devices – 132 Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simulation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tunneling Devices – 132 Woolley, Pamela L Defining Cyberspace as a USA Air Force Mission – 430 Woolrich, R The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Particle Study – 222

Burst Net-

Xiao, G Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts – 259 Xie, Nick System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System – 433 Xingzhou, Yang The Immersed Interface Method for Elasticity Problems with Interfaces – 400 Xiong, Kaiqi Gaussian Filters for Nonlinear Filtering Problems – 348

Worley, S D Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107

Xu, Liang Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpression of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resistance to Herceptin – 214

Wrage, Lutz Model Problems in Technologies for Interoperability: Web Services – 316

Xu, Sugang Advanced Lightpath Establishment for Distributed Computing – 317

Yang, B. Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discretization of the Diffusion Equation for Arbitrary Polyhedral Grids – 290 Yang, R Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Optimal Movement – 359 Neural Networks for Tactile Perception – 294 Yang, Rui On the Dynamics of Floating Four-Bar Linkages – 392 Yang, Xiaowei Identification of Connectivity in Neural Networks – 340 Yankov, Plamen Developing a Methodology for Elaborating a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High Power Laser Diodes – 157 Yanyo, L C Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107 Yao, C T Neural Networks for Tactile Perception – 294

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Yarnoz, Daniel Garcia FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59 Yates ,III, John R Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites – 223 Yaworsky, Paul S Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG) – 433

Young, D. SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion During Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon – 173

Zele, Mina Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis – 376

Young, Gregory Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for Functionally Graded Propellants – 111

Zeng, Honglei Computing Trust from Revision History – 435

Young Jr, John J Aging Naval Aircraft Study – 9

Zhang, Guangming Evaluating Product Machinability for Concurrent Engineering – 385

Young, Lawrence E. Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions – 48

Yazaki, Fumito The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using SuperConducting Magnets – 62

Young, M. New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, TripleBandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for HighEfficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Systems – 176

Yedlin, Deborah K Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organizations: A Preliminary Report – 298

Understanding the Potential and Limitations of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar Cells – 181

Elastic

Yu, Erik Z Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223

Yeung, Ka Y Bayesian Model Averaging: Development of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene Selection and Classification Tool for Microarray Data – 244

Yu, S. Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 406

Yeoh, O H Analysis of Blocks – 110

Bonded

Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust Model-Based Segmentation of Microarray Images – 369 Yeung, M. R. Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation Mode – 187 Yger, Alain Effective Bezout Q[z1,...,Zn] – 349

Identities

in

Yi, J. Hadronic B Decays at BABAR – 401 Yongmei, Sun Wavelength Routing/Optical Switching/Optical Access work – 281

Yu, Z. Dalitz Plot Analysis of $B( up arrow)O(underbar)d to K+ pi(up arrow) pi(up arrow)O$ Decays – 418 Yu, Zhendong VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313 Yurimoto, Hisayoshi Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift in the O Isotopic Composition of the Solar Nebula – 455 Zachmann, G. J. Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation Mode – 187

Burst Net-

Zajc, Baldomir Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1 – 130

Yorke, Harold Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416

Zajic, David Headline Generation for Written and Broadcast News – 432

Yorke-Smith, Neil Temporal Planning with Preferences and Probabilities – 381

Zajicek, Mark Defining Incident Management Processes for CSIRTs: A Work in Progress – 322

Yoshida, Setsuo Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF for Remotely Controlling LambdaPaths – 126

Zang, P Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders – 233

Yound, D. Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials – 179

Zang, Thomas A., Jr. Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools – 47

Young, D. L. Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers – 177

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Zegers, E J Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames – 87

Zhang, Mei Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 Zhang, Ronghua ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture for Feedback Control of Software Performance – 296 Zhang, S. B. New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Recombination at Light-Induced BoronOxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174 Zhang, Xin Demonstration of a Microfabricated HighSpeed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings – 161 Zhang, Y. Impurity-Band xNx – 180

Model

for

GaP1-

Zhang, Y On the Convergence of the Tapia Indicators in the Absence of Strict Complementarity – 350 On the Formulation and Theory of the Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlinear Programming – 300 Zhao, P Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabilities Within the Positive-DifferentialResistance Regions of Tunneling Devices – 132 Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simulation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tunneling Devices – 132 Zhao, Q H The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing – 102 Zheng, Yefeng Robust Point Matching for Non-Rigid Shapes: A Relaxation Labeling Based Approach – 390 Zhilin, Li The Immersed Interface Method for Elasticity Problems with Interfaces – 400 Zhong, Jinghua Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actuators – 106 Zhou, G Incorporating Active and Multi-DatabaseState Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit – 310

Zhu, Ruiqing VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313

Zmuidzinas, Jonas Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope – 416

Zukic, Maumer Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet FabryPerot Interferometers – 459

Zhu, X L Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM – 225

Zorn, Deborah D Electronic Structure Studies of High Energy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) – 93

Zumer, Viljem Object-Oriented Design and Implementation of Computer Chess – 303

Electronic Structure Studies of Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – 93

Zundel, Aan K Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and Morphology Change – 124

Zhuang, Y Identification of Infinite Dimensional Systems via Adaptive Wavelet Neural Networks – 338 Zijp, Jaap Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply with Special Provision for Experiences in ISAF 2003 – 269 Zika, M. R. Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discretization of the Diffusion Equation for Arbitrary Polyhedral Grids – 290 Zimmer, Jeannot Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply with Special Provision for Experiences in ISAF 2003 – 269

Zotes, Fernando Alonso FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical Orbits – 59 Zoughi, R. High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-onFoam Insulation (SOFI) – 45 Zrostlik, Rick Partial and Full Inverse Compensation for Hysteresis in Smart Material Systems – 129

Zunger, A. GA Addition to CIS Limit Its Cell Performance: the Amazing Physics of GrainBoundaries and Killer-Defects in Chalcopyrites – 176 Zwart, S. R. Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Last 45 Years – 255 Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Associated with Spaceflight – 255

Zimmerman, Daniel H CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Activity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225

Zuboy, J. Strategic Planning of Communications and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar Energy Technologies Program – 177

Zwart, Sara R. Nutrition Issues for Space Exploration – 221

Zimmerman, Frank Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honeycomb Conical Seal Panel – 60

Zukauskas, Wally Low-Cost Launch Systems for the DualLaunch Concept – 36

Zwart, Sara Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years – 221

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