Specimen Collection

Specimen collection

12/17/08

Tan TG

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In Your Class……   

Study morphology of bacteria, Understand the role of culture media, Learn basic laboratory techniques

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Specimens      

Examples: Blood - culture / serology Faces Swabs CSF Urine and many more ……

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Quality report 

The quality of a clinical microbiological report is directly related to the quality of the specimen

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Good quality specimen 

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Important to collect/obtain a proper and quality specimen Poor quality specimen produce useless result Effectiveness of a lab is determine by: a) collection of good quality specimens b) quick transportation to the lab

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Collection of quality specimen 1) Time of collection  before start of antibiotics  virus - isolation or electron microscopy during the acute stage of the disease  blood culture - patient’s temperature starts to rise  urine/sputum - morning specimen  others depend on condition of patient & time agreed between doctor / nurse 12/17/08

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(2) Correct type of specimen 

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sputum- not saliva- for respiratory pathogens pernasal - not nasal - for pertusis (Bordetella pertusis) cervical not vaginal swab (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)

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3) Collection technique 

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Aseptic technique - to protect patient. Contamination from normal bacteria flora of patient/doctor/nurse throat swab - not tongue urine - MSU

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4) Adequate amount & number 

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Early morning urine sample for 3 successive days - Mycobacterium tuberculosis Two samples of faeces/stool on different days - Salmonella / Shigella

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5) Labeling & container 

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Container & request form - label clearly patient’s name, RN & ward Information - type of specimen, date & time of collection, investigation required, etc Biohazard sticker - for High Risk apecimens

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Container 

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Sterile, leak-proof, dry & free from all traces of disinfectant Glass: re-usable & economical. Example: universal bottles, bijou, etc Plastic: disposable. sterile & non-sterile

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Abnormal features 

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After collection of specimen keep an eye for abnormal features Examples:- cloudiness instead of clear, presence of pus, blood, mucus

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Quick transportation to lab   

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Why? (i) many pathogens do not survive examples: gonococci, Haemophilus, Bacteroides, most viruses (ii) contamination coagulase negative staphylococcus & coliforms grow rapidly at RT0

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Delay / late delivery   

(i) keep in refrigerator (ii) culture immediately (iii) use preservative - boric acid for urine sample & transport media for swab sample

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Transport media   

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non-nutrient solid or semi-solid purpose is to prevent organisms from dying due to (i) enzyme action (ii) change of pH (iii) lack of essential nutrients (iv) dryness examples: Stuart medium, Amies medium, Cary-Blair medium, etc

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Composition of medium Stuart medium  non-nutrient  solidified with agar Amies medium  same as Stuart medium  charcoal added - to detoxify toxins

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Viral transport medium 

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contains a balanced amino-acids salts solution an appropriate pH antibiotics

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Bacteriology laboratory Patient Proper collection of clinical specimen Bacteriology laboratory Serology Test(Blood) Isolation of bacteria Identification of bacteria Sensitivity test Bacteriology Report Patient 12/17/08

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Summary  

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Collection of good quality specimen Quick transportation of specimen to the lab Transport mediumvirology/bacteriology Container

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Thank you

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