Spanish Period

SPANISH RULE “And the Spaniards Came bearing the Cross and the Sword.”

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During European ships traveled around the world in search for new trading routes and partners to feed burgeoning capitalism in Europe.

OBJECTIVE: Europeans undertook explorations to seek spices, silk and gold

PORTUGAL AND SPAIN: PIONEERS IN EXPLORATION • They are the most powerful nations in the world at the time Spain had an empire in America while Portugal had an empire in Asia.

Exploration begins in Portugal • Monetarist- believe that Age of Exploration began was because of a severe shortage of bullion in Europe. • The first great wave of expeditions was launched under Prince Henry(the navigator). • Prince Henry main project was the exploration of the West Coast of Africa.

Decline of Portuguese Monopoly • Portuguese exploration and colonization began continued despite the rivalry with Spain. • Portuguese became the first Westerners to reach and trade with Japan. • Under King Manuel l the Portuguese crown launched a scheme to keep control of the lands and trade routes. • Their strategy was to build a series of forts.

• In 1580, the Spanish King Philip II became also as the King of Portugal, as rightful to the Crown after his cousin Sebastião died without sons.

End of Exploration • It was generally said to have ended in early 17th century. • European vessels were well enough built and their navigators competent enough to travel to virtually anywhere on the planet. • Africa's deep interior was not explored by Europeans until the mid to late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Portugal • King Henry of Portugal opened a school of navigation. This aroused a keener interest among explorers, map makers and geographers to travel abroad. • Portugal was able to establish an empire in the east following de Gama’s successful travels. • Francisco de Almeida and Alfonso del Albuquerque became even more ambitious.

Explorer

Place Discovered

Year

Portuguese navigator Azores

1431

Gil Eanes

Cape Bojador

1434

Antonio Gonzales

Cape Blanco

1441

Dennis Fernandez

Cape Verde Island

1445

Luigi Cadamosto

Gulf of New Guinea

1456

Diego Gomez

1458

Bartolome Diaz

Mouth of Zambia Rina Cape of Good Hope

Vasco de Gama

Calcutta, India

1498

Padre Alvares Cabral Brazil

1487 1500

Spain • In 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabela gave Christopher Columbus of Genoa, permission to explore the new world in the name of Spain. • Columbus was tasked to travel west in search of a route to the east. • In October 1492, Columbus discovered America and Cuba while traveling southward. • Columbus called the natives Indians because he thought he had reached India.

• Columbus continued with his travels in 1493, 1498, & 1502. • He died without realizing that he had discovered new territories. • Other explorers who set forth under the Spanish flag were Vicente Pinzon who reached Brazil in 1500, and Nunez de Balboo who discovered the Pacific Ocean.

Agreements and the Papal Decree: Papal Line of Demarcation • Pope Alexander VI issued a Papal decree in 1493. He divided the unknown parts of the world for exploration of the two rivals. • Spain was granted the rights to all newly discovered lands west on the line. • Portugal could claim all those to the east.

Treaty of Tordesillas • But he gave the Spain the right to own islands in the east while Portugal vehemently objected to the changes and Treaty of Tordesillas was drawn in 1494. • This treaty set another demarcation line running from the north to the south at 370 degrees west of Cape Verde. • Under this new line, It stated too that all new territories to be discovered west of the demarcation line would belong to Spain, while all the territories east of the line would belong to Portugal.

Divisions of the World

Colonization and Evangelization

• Our ancestors lived a tranquil, peaceful life for a long time bit this was shattered when Spaniards come. • Numerous events in Europe led the Spaniards to travel into unknown lands in the Far East. • In 476 A.D.- Rome fell into the hands of the tartars, the Muslim culture was ascending to its zenith. • In the west, Aristotle and Ptolemy were saying the earth was round.

Ferdinand Magellan • He had colorful experiences in war and born in 1480 at Sabrosa, Oporto, Portugal. • He rendered service in the Asian wars and in colonizing the Moluccas. • He married Beatriz Barbosa. • In 1492, he was able to convinced King Charles I to sent him an expedition.

Magellan’s Expedition Magellan was given a fleet of five ships: • Trinidad – the head of the expedition with Magellan as a captain. • San Antonio – led by Captain Juan de Cartagena • Santiago – led by Juan Serrano • Conception – led by Gaspar de Quesada • Victoria – led by Luis de Mendoza

Facts about Magellan: • He became one of the first individuals to cross all the meridians of the globe. • He was the first person to lead an expedition sailing westward from Europe to Asia and to cross the Pacific Ocean. • Magellan should also be recognized as the first European explorer to enter the Pacific from the Strait of Magellan, which he discovered. • He is also remembered as the first European to reach the archipelago of what is now known as the Philippines. • He was the first known successful attempt to

Date

Place

Leader

Rajah Humanbon

-Exchange goods and fruits. -Blood Compact -First cross was erected. -First mass by Fr. Valderama Blood compact and exchange of gifts

Lapu-lapu

-the image of the Child Jesus was given as a gift to Juana -the battle of Mactan

March 16, 1521

Homonhon 18 natives

March 31, 1521

Limasawa

April 7, 1521 Cebu

Rajah Kolambu

April 14, 1521 Cebu

April 27, 1521 Mactan

Events

Magellan’s Expedition was very Important: • • • • •

It proved that the earth was round The Pacific Ocean was discovered The Maloccus Island was discovered The Strait of Magellan was found New trade routes between the east and west were found • The Philippine became a colony of Spain

Magellan’s Expedition held an Equal Significance : • It paved the way for the country to become a colony of Spain • Filipino culture was further enriched by western culture • The previously unnamed archipelago earned a place in the world map and was given the name Islas Filipinas.

Battle of Mactan: Symbol of the First Independence • “No one would become slave, unless he allowed himself to become one” – Jose Rizal • Thus, this battle proved the Filipinos inherent love for freedom and it became a shining symbol of our first struggle against foreign conqueror.

• Was fought in the Philippines on April 27, 1521. • Lapu-lapu was the chieftain in Mactanisland. He defeated Magellan, the Portuguese sea captain and explorer.

Treaty of Zaragoza • Signed on April 22, 1529 • A new demarcation line was fixed • All lands located east of the line would belong to Portugal while those to the west of it to Spain.

• Unknown to Portugal, this treaty was disadvantageous to them due to knowledge of geography was quite limited at that time.

Challenges to Spanish Power • • • • •

Portugal China Dutch Great Britain Japanese

Portugal • In Sept. 1568, the Portuguese led by Gonzalo de Percisa attacked Cebu but they failed due to an epidemic and was followed an attack in 1570, but the Filipinos helped the Spaniards drive the Portuguese away. • Portugal’s interest in the Philippines waned when Spain and Portugal were united and became Iberia in 1580 under the reign of King Philip II.

China • Limahong, a Chinese pirate, to try to capture Manila • Limahong landed in the place on Nov. 1574. They met by Goiti and his troops. • Goiti was killed in the battle. General Guido de Lavesares took advantage of Limahong’s delay and prepared his troops in Manila. They were able to defeat Limahong. • Again in December, Limahong made a second attempt to capture Manila.

• The Chinese revolted because of restrictions. The revolts lasted from 1603 up to 1792. But the rebellions were always subdued because the Filipinos helped the Spaniards.

Dutch • A number of them was killed by the Spaniards because of their religion which was Protestantism. • In 1581, the Dutch successfully set up their own republic. • The Dutch were traders by occupation and their engaged in a thriving trading industry in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. • King Philip II ordered the closure of Lisbon to the Dutch. • The Dutch tried to capture the archipelago.

• Several Dutch warships came to the Philippines, but all of them were repelled by the Spaniards with the help of the Filipinos. • Dutch attacks on the Philippines finally stopped when a peace agreement was signed in Westphalia in 1684. In this treaty, Spain completely recognized the independence of Protestant Netherlands.

Great Britain • Because of Spanish Involvement in the war, England decided to attacked the Philippines. • On Sept. 22, 1762, a British fleet from India, and headed by Gen. William Draper and Adm. Samuel Carvish steamed toward Manila Bay. • When seven years war was over, Great Britain returned the Philippines to Spain. This was in 1764.

Japanese • Hideyoshi was a Japanese leader who feared it would signal the colonization of Japan by the Spaniards. • He banned the missionaries entering the country and he announced that he would capture the Philippines. • The Spanish Gov. Gen, Gomez Perez de Dasmarines prepared for war, but it did not occur. • Hideyoshi died before he could launch an attack. • A Japanese community was created in Dilao, just outside of Intamuros and later transferred to Paco.