Solutions And The Environment

Solutions and the Environment Chapter 4

Dilute Products 

Have less solute per amount of solvent



Has high water content



More packaging and more garbage



Examples: Bottled juice

Concentrated Products 

Have a lot of solute per volume of solvent



Has low water content



Less packaging and less garbage



Examples:

Instant coffee Juice crystals Soup mixes

List Some Concentrated Products You Have Used Before!

In concentrated products you add solvent.

Concentrated or Dilute? Dilute

Concentrated or Dilute? Concentrated

Instant Coffee Mix

Concentrated or Dilute? Dilute

Concentrated or Dilute? Concentrate d

How to Make Concentrated Products  Concentrated products are made by removing some or all of the solvent



All solvent removed examples? Drink crystals Instant coffee



Some solvent removed examples? Canned soup Frozen juice

-Concentrated products are usually dry or very thick. You need to add solvent to concentrated products before you consume them.

Waste Packaging 

In Canada each person throws out 2.2kg of trash everyday.



Using concentrated products reduces the amount of garbage created.



Recycling also reduces the amount of garbage created.



These simple methods help reduce a substantial amount of waste produced.

Activity  Does

buying concentrated products really reduce the amount of packaging?

 We

will be marking this hand out!

Acids and Bases

What are the Common Properties of Acids?

 Corrosive

 Sour-tasking  Turns

blue litmus paper red

 React

with metals

 pH

less than 7

 Neutralize  Conduct

bases

electricity

What are the Common Properties of Bases? 

Corrosive



Slippery



Bitter-tasting



Turns red litmus paper blue



pH of more than 7



Neutralize acids



Conduct electricity

Base

B ASE L U E

Litmus Paper

R E ACID

Examples of Acids and Bases COPY = Table 4.1 page 63

What Does Neutral mean? 

Substances that are neutral are neither acids or bases. On the pH scale they are at EXACTLY 7.00

pH scale 

pH tells us if a substance is acidic, neutral or basic.



It is a scale from 0-14. ◦ Acids have a pH of less than 7 (0-6) ◦ Bases have a pH greater than 7 (8-14) ◦ Substances that are exactly 7 are neutral (ONLY 7)

◦ Insert a pH scale

pH scale

Neutral Only at 7.00

BASE Greater than 7

Acid Less than 7

Which is which? •Acid •Base •Base •Acid •Acid

Identifying Acids and Bases 

We can use INDICATORS to help identify acids and bases



Indicators change colours in the presence of an acid or base



LITMUS PAPER can be used to identify acids and bases



Litmus is a dye made from lichens

Acids and Bases in Action

Do we use acids and bases? Baking Cooking Health care Deodorizing

Corrosion 

Substances that are found near either end of the pH scale are HIGHLY CORROSIVE!



This means they are able to severely burn through skin and tissue. They can even eat through metal or rock.



Examples: Acid: sulfuric acid Base: drain cleaner

Corrosion 

Corrosion is the wearing away of materials by chemical reaction.



Acid rain and salt speed up corrosion.

Corrosion 

Substances found near either end of the pH scale are highly corrosive

Corrosion 

This means that they can cause severe burns to skin and other body tissues

Corrosion Drain cleaner has a high pH (12-14).  This is highly corrosive  How might being corrosive help a drain cleaner to work? 

Corrosion Corrosion is the wearing away of materials by chemical action  Also known as Rusting  Acid rain and salt speed up the process 