Soil Contamination Is The Presence Of Man
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Soil contamination is the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises from the rupture of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. This occurrence of this phenomenon is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensity of chemical usage.
Abstract In many industrialized countries the use of land is impeded bysoil pollution from a variety of sources. Decisions on clean-up, management or set-aside ofcontaminated land are based on various considerations, including human health risks, butecological arguments do not have a strong position in such assessments. This paper analyses whythis should be so, and what ecotoxicology and theoretical ecology can improve on thesituation. It seems that soil assessment suffers from a fundamental weakness, which relatesto the absence of a commonly accepted framework that may act as a reference. Soilcontamination can be assessed both from a functional perspective and a structuralperspective. The relationship between structure and function in ecosystems is a fundamentalquestion of ecology which receives a lot of attention in recent literature, however, ageneral concept that may guide ecotoxicological assessments has not yet arisen. On the experimentalside, a good deal of progress has been made in the development and standardized useof terrestrial model ecosystems (TME). In such systems, usually consisting of intactsoil columns incubated in the laboratory under conditions allowing plant growth and drainageof water, a compromise is sought between field relevance and experimental manageability.A great variety of measurements can be made on such systems, including microbiologicalprocesses and activities, but also activities of the decomposer soil fauna.I propose that these TMEs can be useful instruments in ecological soil quality assessments. Inaddition a ``bioinformatics approach'' to the analysis of data obtained in TME experimentsis proposed. Soil function should be considered as a multidimensional concept and thevarious measurements can be considered as indicators, whose combined values define the``normal operating range'' of the system. Deviations from the normal operating range indicatethat the system is in a condition of stress. It is hoped that more work along this line willimprove the prospects for ecological arguments in soil quality assessment.
Soil contamination is the occurrence of pollutants in soil above a certain level causing a deterioration or loss of one or more soil functions. Also, Soil Contamination can be considered as the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises
from the rupture of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. The occurrence of this phenomenon is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensity of chemical usage.
wait i gv whole ques read the information below on the causes and effects of soil contamination towards the environment. -direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil
17:1 9
-leaching of wastes from landfills
17:1 9
-ruptureof the underground storage tanks
17:1 9
-application of pesticides and fertilisers
17:2 0
-affects brain and nervous system
17:2 17:1 0 6
-surface ang ground water contamination
17:2 17:1 0 7
-
17:1 8
Abstract In many industrialized countries the use of land is impeded bysoil pollution from a variety of sources. Decisions on clean-up, management or set-aside ofcontaminated land are based on various considerations, including human health risks, butecological arguments do not have a strong position in such assessments. This paper analyses whythis should be so, and what ecotoxicology and theoretical ecology can improve on thesituation. It seems that soil assessment suffers from a fundamental weakness, which relatesto the absence of a commonly accepted framework that may act as a reference. Soilcontamination can be assessed both from a functional perspective and a structuralperspective. The relationship between structure and function in ecosystems is a fundamentalquestion of ecology which receives a lot of attention in recent literature, however, ageneral concept that may guide ecotoxicological assessments has not yet arisen. On the experimentalside, a good deal of progress has been made in the development and standardized useof terrestrial model ecosystems (TME). In such systems, usually consisting of intactsoil columns incubated in the laboratory under conditions allowing plant growth and drainageof water, a compromise is sought between field relevance and experimental manageability.A great variety of measurements can be made on such systems, including microbiologicalprocesses and activities, but also activities of the decomposer soil fauna.I propose that these TMEs can be useful instruments in ecological soil quality assessments. Inaddition a ``bioinformatics approach'' to the analysis of data obtained in TME experimentsis proposed. Soil function should be considered as a multidimensional concept and thevarious measurements can be considered as indicators, whose combined values define the``normal operating range'' of the system. Deviations from the normal operating range indicatethat the system is in a condition of stress. It is hoped that more work along this line willimprove the prospects for ecological arguments in soil quality assessment.
Soil contamination is the occurrence of pollutants in soil above a certain level causing a deterioration or loss of one or more soil functions. Also, Soil Contamination can be considered as the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises
from the rupture of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. The occurrence of this phenomenon is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensity of chemical usage.
wait i gv whole ques read the information below on the causes and effects of soil contamination towards the environment. -direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil
17:1 9
-leaching of wastes from landfills
17:1 9
-ruptureof the underground storage tanks
17:1 9
-application of pesticides and fertilisers
17:2 0
-affects brain and nervous system
17:2 17:1 0 6
-surface ang ground water contamination
17:2 17:1 0 7
-
17:1 8
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