Social System Of Islam

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REPORT

ISLAMIYAT TOPIC : SOCIAL SYSTEM OF ISLAM SUBMITTED TO : SIR MUHAMMAD IRFAN SUBMITTED BY : Shoaib Sohrab

16-CE-10

M.Junaid

16-CE-06

Zohaib Akhtar

16-CE-58

Munawar Sarwar

16-CE-106

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY TAXILA

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Contents 1.1 Introduction to Society ................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 THE SOCIAL SYSTEM OF ISLAM....................................................................................................... 3 1.3 RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.3.1 Responsibilities To Society ........................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Responsibility To Oneself .............................................................................................................. 3 1.3.3 Responsibility To Family ................................................................................................................ 4 1.3.4 Responsibility To Family ................................................................................................................ 4 1.3.5 Responsibility of State .................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.6 The rights of the guest and the stranger ...................................................................................... 5 1.3.7 Responsibilities To Islamic Society ............................................................................................... 6 1.3.8 Rights Of The Elderly: .................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.9 Rights Of Children and Orphans .................................................................................................... 7 1.3.10 Recognizing the rights of neighbors ........................................................................................... 7 1.3.11 Rights Of Poor and the Destitute ................................................................................................. 7 1.4 Endowments ................................................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Bequests ........................................................................................................................................... 8 1.6 The Rights of Parents ........................................................................................................................ 9 1.7 What are the Best deeds ................................................................................................................. 9

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The social system of Islam

1.1 Introduction to Society A society is a group of people involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. A society can also consist of like-minded people governed by their own norms and values within a dominant, larger society. This is sometimes referred to as a subculture, a term used extensively within criminology.

1.2 THE SOCIAL SYSTEM OF ISLAM An Islamic society is the society whose members have “Iman” (faith) in Islam, apply its laws in their life and performing religious duties and abstaining from doing what is unlawful.”

1.3 RESPONSIBILITIES 1.3.1 Responsibilities To Society Social responsibility in Islam is understood to mean that the individual members of society work together to fulfill the general needs of society as well as the individual needs of its members and that they work together to protect society from harm. Each member of society is aware not only that he has rights, but also that that he has responsibilities towards others, especially those who are incapable of fulfilling their own needs.

1.3.2 Responsibility To Oneself Every person is responsible for himself. He is responsible to keep himself pure, cultivate good manners, reform his faults, do good, and refrain from evil.

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Allah says: “By the soul and Him who perfected its proportions; then He showed him what is wrong for him and what is right. Indeed, he who purifies himself succeeds. And indeed, he who corrupts himself fails.”

1.3.3 Responsibility To Family Islam stresses mutual responsibility between family members, making it the solid foundation that protects the family from collapsing or splitting apart. Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) said: “A man is a guardian over his household and he is responsible for those in his care. A woman is a guardian over her husband’s household and she is responsible for those in her care.”

Household responsibilities are divided between the man and the woman in a way that guarantees the material and spiritual foundations of the family.

1.3.4 Responsibility To Family Islam stresses mutual responsibility between family members, making it the solid foundation that protects the family from collapsing or splitting apart. Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) said: “A man is a guardian over his household and he is responsible for those in his care. A woman is a guardian over her husband’s household and she is responsible for those in her care.”

Household responsibilities are divided between the man and the woman in a way that guarantees the material and spiritual foundations of the family.

1.3.5 Responsibility of State •

1. Safeguarding natural resources

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2. Creating opportunities for employment:

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3. Organizing individual efforts:

Responsibility of State

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Though Islam pays close attention to social responsibility on the individual level, it does not stop there. Alongside the individual measures, it establishes general measures that the state is responsible to carry out. 1. Safeguarding natural resources : This entails assuring the proper utilization of the country’s natural environment, including the mineral resources of the land and sea as well as all other forms of wealth that Allah has placed in the Earth 2. Creating opportunities for employment :

This entails seeking out the best solutions for confronting unemployment and establishing constructive programs to contribute to general development.

Such programs can provide work for idle hands in a completely just manner that takes into consideration the general needs of society and gives preference to the poorer and more deprived sectors of society. 3. Organizing individual efforts:

. The state has the responsibility of organizing and regulating the efforts of individuals in fulfilling their social responsibilities in the ways that we have previously discussed. This is especially true for the Zakâh tax and endowments.

1.3.6 The rights of the guest and the stranger Islam encourages honoring guests and giving good hospitality. Honoring one’s guest is considered a noble character trait that attests to the sincerity and strength of one’s faith. Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him): “Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should honor his guest.” The Holy Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: Ibn 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: I heard Messenger of Allah ( )‫ﷺ‬saying, "All of you are guardians and are responsible for your wards. The ruler is a guardian and responsible for his subjects; the man is a guardian and responsible for his family; the woman is a

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guardian and is responsible for her husbands house and his offspring; and so all of you are guardians and are responsible for your wards."

[Al-Bukhari and Muslim]

1.3.7 Responsibilities To Islamic Society Islam makes the individual and society responsible for each other. It requires each to fulfill its duties to the other. It brings public and private interests together in such a way that fulfilling individual interests becomes a means of realizing the general good and likewise, realizing the general good entails realizing the good of the individual.

The individual in Muslim society is responsible to help in preserving the general order and to refrain from any behavior that could harm society or work against its interests. Allah says: The believers, men and women, are protectors of one another; they enjoin what is right, forbid what is wrong, perform prayer, keep the fasts, and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah will have mercy on them. Surely Allah is Almighty, All Wise. The individual, moreover, is commanded to play an active and effective part in society. Allah says: Help one another in righteousness and piety, but do not help one another in sin and transgression

1.3.8 Rights Of The Elderly: Islam pays special attention to the elderly. It considers them to have a right to be cared for in repayment for the sacrifices that they have made to ensure the prosperity of the generation that they raised and nurtured. Allah says:

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And we have enjoined on man to be good and dutiful to his parents. - And be dutiful and good to parents…

1.3.9 Rights Of Children and Orphans We have already mentioned in our discussion about responsibility towards the family that Islam stresses caring for small children and requires parents to care for and raise their children until they reach the age of discretion and are able to lead independent lives. When children lose their parents, the responsibility to care for them is transferred to other close relatives who are able to do so. There is a legally prescribed order of succession for guardianship. In the absence of relatives, the responsibility falls on society and the state.

1.3.10 Recognizing the rights of neighbors Islam places great stress on being kind to neighbors and maintaining good relations with them. It also emphasizes that one should try to help one’s neighbors and be careful not to abuse them in any way. Allah says: …and do good to parents, kinsfolk, orphans, the poor, the neighbor who is near of kin, the neighbor who is a stranger… Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should honor his neighbor.”

1.3.11 Rights Of Poor and the Destitute The Islamic texts repeatedly encourage taking care of the poor and the destitute, commiserating with them, alleviating their difficulties, and giving them assistance, both material and otherwise Allah says: - The charity tax is only for the poor, the destitute, those employed to collect it, to encourage those whose hearts are inclined towards Islam, to free

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captives, for those in debt, for the cause of Allah, and for the wayfarer; a duty imposed by Allah. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise Assisting the needy: If a person knows that his neighbor is hungry or has no food to eat, and he is able to assist him, then it is obligatory upon him to do so. Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) said: “Whosoever goes to sleep satisfied while being aware that his neighbor is hungry does not believe in me.” He also said: “Allah has no obligation towards a household where they let someone go to sleep hungry.”

1.4 Endowments Islamic Law provides for endowments and considers them to be among the most excellent of good deeds. Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) said: “When a person dies, his good deeds come to end, except for three things: charity that continues to benefit others, knowledge that continues to be of benefit, and a pious child who prays for him.” Endowments have been an active partner to Muslim society up to this day in addressing issues of general welfare and security and in assisting society in taking care of the needy.

1.5 Bequests A person gives a bequest before his death to another party from his estate. This party could be an individual or an organization. A bequest can even be generally worded so that the recipients are those who meet certain criteria. Islam encourages bequests. Allah says: It is prescribed for you, if one of you approaches death and leaves behind wealth, to make a bequest to parents and relatives in a reasonable manner. Fundamental Human Rights In Islam Fundamental human rights in Islam are well defined . The Holy Qur’an and sayings of Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him) provide exhaustive details about social responsibility of the state with respect to fundamental human rights.

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1.6 The Rights of Parents "And We have enjoined upon man to be dutiful and kind to his parents" Allah, the Most High, says, " And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him,and that you be dutiful to your parents. Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, and toparents do good. "And We have enjoined upon man, to his parents good treatments Right to be respected and be kind to them Gratitude and gentleness Allah, the Most High, says, {your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him, and that you be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in your life, say not to them a word of contempt (disrespect), nor repel them but address them in terms of honor. And, out of kindness, lower to them the wing of humility, and say: "My Lord! Bestow on them Mercy even as they cherished me in .

1.7 What are the Best deeds Narrated Abdullah Bin Masud may Allah be pleased with him: I asked the prophet (PBUH) "Which deed is the dearest to Allah?" He replied, "To offer the prayers at their early stated fixed times." I asked, "What is the next (in goodness)?" He replied, "To be good and dutiful to your parents" I again asked, "What is the next (in goodness)?" He replied, T o participate in Jihad (religious fighting) in Allah’s cause." Abdullah added, "I asked only that much and if I had asked more, the prophet (pbh) would have told me more." As Allah says:

“And they (women) have rights (over their husbands) similar (to those of their husbands) over them to what is reasonable, but men have a degree (of responsibility) over them” [Al-Baqarah 2:228]

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Hadith Narrated Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him): A man came to Allah’s Apostle and said, ”0 Allah’s Apostle! Who is more entitled to be treated with the best companionship (Service) by me?” The prophet said, "Your mother." The man said. "Who is next?" The Prophet said, "Your mother." The man further said, "Who is next?" The Prophet said, "Your mother." The man asked for the fourth Right to be Obedient to parents – It is the right of parents that their children should treat them with kindness, obedience, and honor. Devotion to parents is a natural instinct (feeling) which must be strengthened by deliberate actions. Quran presents an excellent example of obedience of Prophet Ismail.

Allah says: "And when he reached with him [the age of] exertion, (the ability to work and be of assistance) he said, "O my son, indeed I have seen in a dream that I [must] sacrifice you, so see what you think.” Rights Of Children Chiderns are the fruits of martial relationship and a pleasure in this life. In fact , Parents must train their childerns so that they become solace of their eyes in this life and hereafter. The responsibility of children lies on parents that they would be accountable on the day of judgement for their children’s upbringing religious education .

“Your wealth and your children are but a trail. And Allah has with Him a great reward”.(

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Let us promise to try our best to make our society an islamic society

[ AND NOTHING DEVOLVES ON US BUT A CLEAR DELIVERANCE (OF THE MESSAGE) ]