Social Relationships Ch 14.3 7th

Chapter 14 Section 3



Describe 4 ways that animals communicate.

List

the advantages and disadvantages of living in groups

Elephants:

• Distinct vocal calls (trumpets) when they

are excited • Low-frequency infrasonic rumbles; sounds can travel 5 km Antelopes:

• Glands on their hooves that release a scent • If they get separated from the group, they

can follow this scent

The

interaction among animals of the same species

Social

interactions depend on communication



Essential for survival

Used

to ward off danger, defend territory, find food, identify each other, frighten predators, and find mates

Humans

use language

Sound Touch Chemicals Sight

Used

to claim an area, attract a mate, signal danger, information about location…

Ex:

wolves howl, birds sing, dolphins click and whistle, elephants rumble…

Communicating

friendship or support

Ex:

Chimpanzees grooming each other

http://smartpei.typepad.com/robert_patersons_weblog/images/2007/06/20/chimp_grou p.jpg



Pheromones: the chemicals animals use to communicate

 Signal

presence…

 Ex:

Fire ants using pheromones to control reproduction

http://www.impactlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/fireant.jpg

Body

language

Visual Ex:

displays for courtship

Fireflies blinking signals to attract each other

Positives:

• Safety (spotting predators, defense) • Finding food (size of prey) Negatives:

• Competition (for food and mates) • Quantity of food available • Spread of diseases • Attract predators

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/willow/tiger-info0.gif http://www.ruanaich.com/archive/Photography/safari/source/image/tanzania_crw_070 6.jpg

What

2 things must happen for communication to occur?

List

2 kinds of information that animals communicate.