Sexual And Gender Identity Disorder Hand Out...
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Sexual and Gender Identity Disorder Contains: a. Sexual Dysfunction -characterized by disturbance in sexual desire and in psychological changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and caused marked distress and inter personal difficulties. b. Paraphilas -characterize by recurrent, intense sexual urges fantasies or behaviors thatinvolve unusual objects, activities or situations and cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social occupational or other important areas of functioning. c. Gender identity disorder - characterize by strong and persistent cross-gender identification accompanied by persistent discomfort with one’s assigned sex. - refers to an individual ‘s perception as male or female - gender dysphoria denotes strong persistent discomfort with one’s assigned sex, the desire to possess the body of the other sex, and the desire to be regarded by others as a member of the other sex -sexual orientation, which refers to erotic attraction to males, females or both Sexual disorder not otherwise specified - included for coding disorders of sexual functioning that are not classifiable in any of the specific categories others as a member of the other sex -sexual orientation, which refers to erotic attraction to males, females or both Sexual disorder not otherwise specified - included for coding disorders of sexual functioning that are not classifiable in any of the specific categories. *Sexual dysfunctions* Sexual Response cycle: a. Desire -consist of fantasies about sexual activity and the desire to have sexual activity b. Excitement -consist of a subjective sense of sexual pleasure and accompanying physiological changes. Major changes in the male consist of penile tumescence and erection. Major changes in the female consist of vasocongestion in the pelvis vaginal lubrication and expansion and swelling of the external genitalia c. Orgasm - consist of a peaking sexual pleasure with release of sexual tension and rhythmic contraction of the perineal muscles and reproductive organs. D. Resolution - consist of a sense of muscular relaxation and general well-being. One of the subtypes maybe used to indicate the nature of the onset of sexual dysfunction : a. Lifelong type
-applies if the sexual dysfunction has been present since the onset of sexual functioning b. Acquired type -applies if the sexual dysfunction develops only after a period of normal functioning One of the subtypes maybe used to indicate the context in which the sexual dysfunctions occurs: a. Generalized type -applies if the sexual dysfunction is not limited to certain types of stimulation, situations or partners b. Situational type -applies if the sexual dysfunction is limited to certain types of stimulation, situations or partners One of the subtypes maybe used to indicate etiological factors associated with the sexual dysfunction: a. Due to psychological factors -applies when psychological factors are judged to have the major role in the onset, severity, exacerbation or maintenance of the sexual dysfunction b. Due to combined factors -applies when: a. psychological factors are judged to have a role in the onset, severity, exacerbation or maintenance to sexual dysfunctions b. a general medical condition or substance use is also judged to be contributory but is not sufficient to account for the sexual dysfunction Associated disorder - Associated with mood disorders and anxiety disorders Specific culture, age, and gender features - Clinical judgments should take into account the individual’s ethnic, cultural, religions, and social background, which may influence sexual desire, expectations and attitudes about performance Differential diagnosis a. Sexual dysfunctions due to a general medical condition
-judged to be caused exclusively by the physiological effects of a specified general medical condition b. Substance-induced sexual dysfunctions -judges to be caused exclusively by the physiological effects of a drug of abuse a medication or toxin exposure c. Due to combined factors - a primary sexual dysfunction diagnosis with subtypes -due to a both a general medical condition and substance us , both diagnosis can be given d. Sexual dysfunction not otherwise specified -if the clinician cannot determine the etiological roles of psychological factors, a general medical condition and substance use Sexual desire disorder *Hypoactive sexual desire disorder*
- a deficiency or absence of sexual fantasy or desire for sexual activity that causes marked personal distress or interpersonal difficulty. It is interpersonal difficulty that usually prompts a person to seek help. This difficulty arises when the two people in a relationship have different intensities and frequencies of sexual desire. Diagnostic Criteria a. Persistentlyor recurrently deficient sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity. The judgments of deficiency or absence is made by the clinician taking into account factors that affect sexual functioning such as age and context of the person’s life. b. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. c. The sexual dysfunction is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder and is not due exclusively to the direct physiological effects of a substances or a general medication. Specify type: -lifelong type -acquired type Specify type: -generalized type -situational type Specify: -due to psychological factor -due to combined factors Causes of hypoactive sexual desire disorder -depend on the types of HSDD -include various health and or medical problems -psychiatric problems -low levels of testosterone -high levels of prolactin, or hormonal imbalance prolactin -abnormal increase in the levels of a hormone produced also by the pituitary. -responsible for stimulating the mammary glands to produce milk *Sexual aversion disorder* - characterized by an aversion to or avoidance or dismissal of sexual prompts or sexual contact. It may be acquired following sexual or physical abuse or trauma and may be life-long. Diagnostic criteria: a. Persistent or recurrent extreme aversion to, and avoidance of, all (or almost all) genital
sexual contact with a sexual partner. b. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. c. The sexual dysfunction is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder (except another Sexual Dysfunction). Specify type: -Lifelong Type -Acquired Type Specify type: -Situational Type
-Generalized Type Specify: -Due to Psychological Factors -Due to Combined factors Causes of sexual aversion desire disorder -Physical causes of this problem may originate in the hormonal regulation. The possibility of a-sexual persons is now being investigated. -These are those who lack all interest in sexual contact, possibly because they lack a certain substance in the body. Sexual arousal disorder *Female sexual disorder* -A failure of arousal and lubrication/swelling response. - an inability to achieve and progress through the stages of "normal" female arousal. Diagnostic criteria: A. Persistent or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of the sexual activity, an adequate lubrication-swelling response of sexual excitement. B. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. C. The sexual dysfunction is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder (except another sexual dysfunction) and is not due exclusively to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medical condition) or a general medical condition. Specify type: Lifelong Type Acquired Type Specify Type: Generalized Type Situational Type Specify: Due to Psychological factors Due to combined factors Causes of female sexual arousal disorder -they have never experienced a normal lubrication-swelling response -develops after illness or emotional trauma, through physiological changes, or as a side effect of surgery, radiation therapy for cancer, or medication -occurring with different partners and in many different settings, or it can be situationspecific, occurring only with certain partners or under particular circumstances Male erectile disorder -the inability of the individual to maintain an erection to sustain throughout sexual activity. - Also known as erectile insufficiency and was formerly called IMPOTENCE Diagnostic criteria A. Persistent or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of the sexual activity, an adequate erection. B. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. C. The erectile dysfunction is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder (other than a sexual dysfunction) and is not due to exclusively to the direct physiological
effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition. Specify type: Lifelong Type Acquired Type Specify type: Generalized Type Situational Type Specify: Due to Psychological Factors Due to Combined Factors Causes of male erectile disorder -Common consequence of aging -Obesity -Intake of alcohol -Smoking -Having had priapism -an erection that will not diminish even after a couple of hours, typically accompanied by sexual excitement Orgasmic disorder * Female orgasmic disorder (formerly inhibited female orgasm)* -persistent or recurrent inability of a woman to have an orgasm (climax or sexual release) after adequate sexual arousal and sexual stimulation Diagnostic criteria: A. Persistent or recurrent delay in, or absence of, orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase. Women exhibit wide variability in the type or intensity of a stimulation that triggers orgasm. The diagnosis of female orgasmic disorder should be based on the clinician’s judgment that the women’s orgasmic capacity is less than would be reasonable for her age, sexual experience, and the adequacy of sexual stimulation she receives. B. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. C. The orgasmic dysfunction is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder (except another sexual dysfunction) and is not due exclusively to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition. Specify type: Lifelong Type Acquired Type specify type: Generalized Type Situational Type specify: Due to Psychological Factors Due to Combined Factors
Causes of female orgasmic disorder >Physiological causes: -damage to the blood vessels of the pelvic region -spinal cord lesions or damage to the nerves in the pelvic area -side effects of medications (antipsychotics, antidepressants, narcotics) or illicit substance abuse -removal of the clitoris (also called female genital mutilation, a cultural practice in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia) >Psychological causes: -past sexual abuse, rape, incest, or other traumatic sexual experience -emotional abuse -fear of becoming pregnant -fear of rejection by partner -fear of loss of control during orgasm -self-image problems -relationship problems with partner -life stresses, such as financial worries, job loss, or divorce -guilt about sex or sexual pleasure -religious or cultural beliefs about sex -other mental health disorders such as major depression
St. Dominic College of Arts and Sciences E.Aguinaldo Highway Talaba IV, Bacoor, Cavite Tel no. (046) 970-4145 www.stdominiccollege.edu.ph
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY Sexual and Gender Identity Disorder
Submitted to: Ms. Manuel Submitted by Group III: Ariane Mahilum Diana Jane M. Oreñada Carla T. Pinohermoso Course and Section:
BS Psychology/3A
-applies if the sexual dysfunction has been present since the onset of sexual functioning b. Acquired type -applies if the sexual dysfunction develops only after a period of normal functioning One of the subtypes maybe used to indicate the context in which the sexual dysfunctions occurs: a. Generalized type -applies if the sexual dysfunction is not limited to certain types of stimulation, situations or partners b. Situational type -applies if the sexual dysfunction is limited to certain types of stimulation, situations or partners One of the subtypes maybe used to indicate etiological factors associated with the sexual dysfunction: a. Due to psychological factors -applies when psychological factors are judged to have the major role in the onset, severity, exacerbation or maintenance of the sexual dysfunction b. Due to combined factors -applies when: a. psychological factors are judged to have a role in the onset, severity, exacerbation or maintenance to sexual dysfunctions b. a general medical condition or substance use is also judged to be contributory but is not sufficient to account for the sexual dysfunction Associated disorder - Associated with mood disorders and anxiety disorders Specific culture, age, and gender features - Clinical judgments should take into account the individual’s ethnic, cultural, religions, and social background, which may influence sexual desire, expectations and attitudes about performance Differential diagnosis a. Sexual dysfunctions due to a general medical condition
-judged to be caused exclusively by the physiological effects of a specified general medical condition b. Substance-induced sexual dysfunctions -judges to be caused exclusively by the physiological effects of a drug of abuse a medication or toxin exposure c. Due to combined factors - a primary sexual dysfunction diagnosis with subtypes -due to a both a general medical condition and substance us , both diagnosis can be given d. Sexual dysfunction not otherwise specified -if the clinician cannot determine the etiological roles of psychological factors, a general medical condition and substance use Sexual desire disorder *Hypoactive sexual desire disorder*
- a deficiency or absence of sexual fantasy or desire for sexual activity that causes marked personal distress or interpersonal difficulty. It is interpersonal difficulty that usually prompts a person to seek help. This difficulty arises when the two people in a relationship have different intensities and frequencies of sexual desire. Diagnostic Criteria a. Persistentlyor recurrently deficient sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity. The judgments of deficiency or absence is made by the clinician taking into account factors that affect sexual functioning such as age and context of the person’s life. b. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. c. The sexual dysfunction is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder and is not due exclusively to the direct physiological effects of a substances or a general medication. Specify type: -lifelong type -acquired type Specify type: -generalized type -situational type Specify: -due to psychological factor -due to combined factors Causes of hypoactive sexual desire disorder -depend on the types of HSDD -include various health and or medical problems -psychiatric problems -low levels of testosterone -high levels of prolactin, or hormonal imbalance prolactin -abnormal increase in the levels of a hormone produced also by the pituitary. -responsible for stimulating the mammary glands to produce milk *Sexual aversion disorder* - characterized by an aversion to or avoidance or dismissal of sexual prompts or sexual contact. It may be acquired following sexual or physical abuse or trauma and may be life-long. Diagnostic criteria: a. Persistent or recurrent extreme aversion to, and avoidance of, all (or almost all) genital
sexual contact with a sexual partner. b. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. c. The sexual dysfunction is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder (except another Sexual Dysfunction). Specify type: -Lifelong Type -Acquired Type Specify type: -Situational Type
-Generalized Type Specify: -Due to Psychological Factors -Due to Combined factors Causes of sexual aversion desire disorder -Physical causes of this problem may originate in the hormonal regulation. The possibility of a-sexual persons is now being investigated. -These are those who lack all interest in sexual contact, possibly because they lack a certain substance in the body. Sexual arousal disorder *Female sexual disorder* -A failure of arousal and lubrication/swelling response. - an inability to achieve and progress through the stages of "normal" female arousal. Diagnostic criteria: A. Persistent or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of the sexual activity, an adequate lubrication-swelling response of sexual excitement. B. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. C. The sexual dysfunction is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder (except another sexual dysfunction) and is not due exclusively to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medical condition) or a general medical condition. Specify type: Lifelong Type Acquired Type Specify Type: Generalized Type Situational Type Specify: Due to Psychological factors Due to combined factors Causes of female sexual arousal disorder -they have never experienced a normal lubrication-swelling response -develops after illness or emotional trauma, through physiological changes, or as a side effect of surgery, radiation therapy for cancer, or medication -occurring with different partners and in many different settings, or it can be situationspecific, occurring only with certain partners or under particular circumstances Male erectile disorder -the inability of the individual to maintain an erection to sustain throughout sexual activity. - Also known as erectile insufficiency and was formerly called IMPOTENCE Diagnostic criteria A. Persistent or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of the sexual activity, an adequate erection. B. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. C. The erectile dysfunction is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder (other than a sexual dysfunction) and is not due to exclusively to the direct physiological
effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition. Specify type: Lifelong Type Acquired Type Specify type: Generalized Type Situational Type Specify: Due to Psychological Factors Due to Combined Factors Causes of male erectile disorder -Common consequence of aging -Obesity -Intake of alcohol -Smoking -Having had priapism -an erection that will not diminish even after a couple of hours, typically accompanied by sexual excitement Orgasmic disorder * Female orgasmic disorder (formerly inhibited female orgasm)* -persistent or recurrent inability of a woman to have an orgasm (climax or sexual release) after adequate sexual arousal and sexual stimulation Diagnostic criteria: A. Persistent or recurrent delay in, or absence of, orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase. Women exhibit wide variability in the type or intensity of a stimulation that triggers orgasm. The diagnosis of female orgasmic disorder should be based on the clinician’s judgment that the women’s orgasmic capacity is less than would be reasonable for her age, sexual experience, and the adequacy of sexual stimulation she receives. B. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. C. The orgasmic dysfunction is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder (except another sexual dysfunction) and is not due exclusively to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition. Specify type: Lifelong Type Acquired Type specify type: Generalized Type Situational Type specify: Due to Psychological Factors Due to Combined Factors
Causes of female orgasmic disorder >Physiological causes: -damage to the blood vessels of the pelvic region -spinal cord lesions or damage to the nerves in the pelvic area -side effects of medications (antipsychotics, antidepressants, narcotics) or illicit substance abuse -removal of the clitoris (also called female genital mutilation, a cultural practice in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia) >Psychological causes: -past sexual abuse, rape, incest, or other traumatic sexual experience -emotional abuse -fear of becoming pregnant -fear of rejection by partner -fear of loss of control during orgasm -self-image problems -relationship problems with partner -life stresses, such as financial worries, job loss, or divorce -guilt about sex or sexual pleasure -religious or cultural beliefs about sex -other mental health disorders such as major depression
St. Dominic College of Arts and Sciences E.Aguinaldo Highway Talaba IV, Bacoor, Cavite Tel no. (046) 970-4145 www.stdominiccollege.edu.ph
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY Sexual and Gender Identity Disorder
Submitted to: Ms. Manuel Submitted by Group III: Ariane Mahilum Diana Jane M. Oreñada Carla T. Pinohermoso Course and Section:
BS Psychology/3A
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