Sex

Sex modify Presented by: •shyam •rana

Sex change operation Is a term for the surgical procedures by which a person’s physical appearance and function of their existing sexual characteristics are altered to resemble that of the other sex.

Sex change operation It is part of a treatment for gender identity disorder in transsexual and transgender people. It may also be performed on intersex people, often in infancy.

FOR MEN

VAGINOSPLASTY Is the procedure that essentially turns the penis into the vagina. It is often followed several months later by Labiaplasty.

vaginoplasty The right spermatic chord is clamped and ligated. The primary incision is contineud up the ventral side of the shaft of the penis

vaginoplasty  The anterior flap is developed from the skin of the penis  The urethra is dissected from the shaft  The corpora cavernosa are separated to assure a minimal stump

vaginoplasty The anterior flap is perforated to position the urethral meatus The skin flaps are sutured and placed in position in the vaginal cavity

labiaplasty A frequently used procedure, labia and a clitoral hood are created. This is often performed a few months after the first part of the procedure.

Breast implant Is a prosthesis used to enlarge the size of woman’s breast or as an aspect of male-tofemale sex reassignment surgery.

Breast implant Saline implants have a silicon elastomer shell filled with sterile saline liquid. Silicon gel implants have silicone shell filled with a viscous silicone gel.

Facial feminization surgery Refers to surgical procedures that alter the human face to bring its features closer in shape and size to those of an average female human.

For women

phalloplasty A complete construction or reconstruction of a penis.  An erectile prosthesis can be inserted into the neophallus to replace the erectile tissue and enable sexual penetration

hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus.  Complete –removing the body, fundus and cervix of the uterus.  Supracervical – removal of the uterine body but leaving the cervical stump.

oophorectomy Is the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries Salpingooophorectomy –if both ovaries and tubes are remove.

masectomy Is the removal of the female breast.

terminology

 Transsexual people are often defined as those who undergo sex reassignment surgery.

 Some individuals require hormone therapy and multiple surgical procedures for their transition to be successful, some may require no medical intervention at all, and others may require some conservative medical interventions

 The term “sex reassignment surgery” would more accurately be called “genital reassignment surgery” of “genital reconstruction surgery”.  It is important to note that the surgeries related to transgender transition go beyond the genitalia, and that the medical procedures go beyond surgery.

Medical considerations

HIV HEPA C -may have difficulty finding a surgeon able or even willing to perform surgery because many surgeons operate out of small private clinics that cannot adequately treat potential complications in these population. - some surgeons charge higher fees for HIV and hepa C positive patients.

Diabetes Abnormal blood clotting Obesity -increase the anesthetic risk and the rate of post-operative complications. -some surgeon require that severely overweight patients reduce their weight by a certain amount prior to surgery and that patients refrain from smoking for a period of time before and after surgery.

results

The person will have external anatomical appearance and function typical of the new sex.

The individual will retain their previous chromosomes in each of their cells, and their previous susceptibilities to X-linked or Ylinked genetic conditions or predispositions.

They are unable to reproduce due to the lack of sex glands (testes or ovaries), except through prior sperm banking or embryonic freezing, which still require a receptive woman with uterus to act as the surrogate mother.

 If the person has the SRS early before puberty, the person will retain the younger “girlish” voice.  There is a chance, low currently and shrinking as time passes and techniques improve, that the patient may become inorgasmic after surgery due to nerve damage.

It is usually necessary for transsexual people to continue hormone replacement therapy in order to maintain their secondary sex characteristics and prevent conditions such as osteoporosis.

Standards of care

• Sex reassignment surgery can be difficult to obtain. • There are very few surgeons willing to perform SRS.

• Most jurisdictions and medical boards require a minimum duration of phychological evaluation and living as a member of the target gender full time, sometimes called the real life experience (RLE) or real life test (RLT).

• Transsexual and transgender people are often unable to change the listing of their sex in public records until SRS is completed, due to the laws of many jurisdictions.

• In many countries and areas, an individual’s pursuit of SRS is often governed, or at least guided, by documents called standard of care for gender identity disorder (SOC). • This most widespread SOC in this field is published and frequently revised by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH).

• Standards of Care usually give certain very specific “minimum” requirements as prerequisites to SRS. • WPATH-SOC and other SOC are highly controversial and often maligned documents among transgender seeking surgery.

history

The earliest identifiable recipient of Male to Female Sex Reassignment Surgery was Lili Elbe in Berlin, in 19301931.

This was started with the removal of the male sex organs and was supervised by Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld.

Lili went on to have four more subsequent operations that included an unsuccessful uterine transplant, the rejection of which resulted in death.

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