Session 15. Today
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SESSION 15. Today SPANISH CIVILIZATION AND CULTURE CEA BARCELONA GLOBAL CAMPUS SUMMER 2007 PROGRAMME Instructor: Victor Lapuente Gine e-mail: [email protected]
SESSION 15. Today
OUTLINE OF THE SESSION 3) Discussion on the movie 5) Debate: how to deal with separatist movements? 7) The Catalan Nationalist Movement 9) Convergence and Union (CIU) 11) Debate: Catalonia and the Basque Country
SESSION 15. Today
3) Discussion on the movie
SESSION 15. Today
2) Debate: how to deal with separatist movements? -Read the article “Clarity needed” -Questions for debate: 6) Similarities/differences between Spain and Canada 7) Is a Clarity Act possible in Spain? Why?
SESSION 15. Today
3) The Catalan Nationalist Movement -Historical origins of the Catalan identity: The term “Catalan” and “Catalonia” emerged near the end of the 11th century Two factors fostered the identity in the midst of the Reconquista: stable institutions and cultural prosperity Catalonia merged with the Crown of Aragon in 1137 through a dynastic marriage, the Catalans managed to check the king’s power
SESSION 15. Today
-
Along with political and economic success, Catalan culture flourished in the 13th and 14th centuries. During this period, the Catalan vernacular gradually replaced Latin as the language of culture and government
-
Wealthy citizens bolstered Catalan’s literary appeal through poetry contests
-
History pageants dubbed the Jocs Florals, or “Floral Games.” For the illiterate majority, these performances created an avenue of access to Barcelona
SESSION 15. Today
-The medieval heyday of Catalan culture would not last, however. -After a bout of famine and plague hit Catalonia in the mid14th century, the population dropped from 50,000 to 20,000 -This exacerbated feudal tensions, sparking serf revolts in rural areas and political impasses in Barcelona -Financial issues and the burden of empire further strained the region -The union with Castile in the 15th century would provoke that Castile’s power eclipsed Catalonia’s
SESSION 15. Today
-The Development of modern Catalanism Despite Catalonia’s subjugation by Borbon’s monarchs since 1715, it quickly developed into the wealthiest region of Spain While Spain remained politically and culturally isolated from the rest of Europe, Catalonia regained access to overseas markets and launched Barcelona’s industrial age in the 1830s The Catalan Nationalist movement was born by Catalan intellectuals at the end of the 19th century
SESSION 15. Today
•
During the first part of the 20th century, the main nationalist party was the right-wing Lliga Regionalista, headed by Francesc
•
During the Second Republic (1931-1936) the left-wing Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya party won the elections in Catalonia, advocating a Catalan republic federated with Spain.
•
Under pressure from the Spanish government, the leader of ERC, Francesc Macià, accepted an autonomous Catalan government instead: the Generalitat de Catalunya.
•
It was abolished after the Spanish Civil War in 1939
SESSION 15. Today
•
Following the fall of the Second Republic after the Spanish Civil War of 1936-39, the authoritarian dictatorship of Franco annulled Catalonia's autonomy statute and prohibited any public usage, official promotion or recognition of the Catalan language.
•
Its private everyday use was never officially proscribed by law but, due to the problems which its use could bring, it was rarely heard outside private homes.
•
During the last decade of Franco's rule, there was a resurgence of nationalist sentiment in Catalonia
SESSION 15. Today
•
During the transition, Catalonia regained its status as one of the 17 autonomous communities within Spain
•
The Catalan nationalist leader Jordi Pujol came to power in the first regional elections in 1980 and his two-party coalition, Convergence and Unity (Convergència i Unió or CiU), won successive elections for 23 years
•
Terra Lliure ("Free Land"), which was essentially a terrorist group, sought to achieve independence through violence against Spanish interests and the wider population.
•
It was never so active as ETA, and disbanded after negotiations with the national government
SESSION 15. Today
4) Convergence and Union (CIU) CIU = CDC + UDC Convergència i Unió is a federated political party consisting of Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (Democratic Alliance of Catalonia) and Unió Democràtica de Catalunya (Democratic Union of Catalonia). Ideology: conservative, nationalist party, in favour of free market economic policy. Appeal to voters who seek full independence from Spain to those who are generally satisfied with the present selfgovernment status
SESSION 15. Today •
The CDC first appeared in 1974 as a result of two processes. 1) From the 1950s diverse people and groups, who didn’t normally have any concrete political assignments, collaborated to form nationalist groups that would liberate democracy from restrictions and preserve the key identifiers as Catalan people.
•
It involved active resistance against the dictatorship of General Franco.
•
The term “Creating a nation” (“fer país“) was coined 2) different people and groups, summoned by Jordi Pujol, joined out of the necessity to start a new development in which political action would be fundamental.
•
Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya was born, with the objective of bringing together a large nationalist political force which would promote a project to reconstruct the Catalan nation.
SESSION 15. Today
•
On November 17th, 1974, around 100 people from different national activist circles - unions, professionals, cultural groups, university bodies, among others - met confidentially in Montserrat.
•
The CDC founding assembly passed a final announcement which declared that “it was time to do politics” (“és hora de fer política“) . The announcement exposed four basic points which would define the political program: democracy, social sentiment, nationalism and Europeanism. Finally, on February 18th, 1976, the CDC was constituted as a political party
SESSION 15. Today
3) Debate: Catalonia and the Basque Country. -Read the article “Homage to Barcelona” -Which region poses a bigger threat to Madrid government: the Basque Country or Catalonia?
SESSION 15. Today
OUTLINE OF THE SESSION 3) Discussion on the movie 5) Debate: how to deal with separatist movements? 7) The Catalan Nationalist Movement 9) Convergence and Union (CIU) 11) Debate: Catalonia and the Basque Country
SESSION 15. Today
3) Discussion on the movie
SESSION 15. Today
2) Debate: how to deal with separatist movements? -Read the article “Clarity needed” -Questions for debate: 6) Similarities/differences between Spain and Canada 7) Is a Clarity Act possible in Spain? Why?
SESSION 15. Today
3) The Catalan Nationalist Movement -Historical origins of the Catalan identity: The term “Catalan” and “Catalonia” emerged near the end of the 11th century Two factors fostered the identity in the midst of the Reconquista: stable institutions and cultural prosperity Catalonia merged with the Crown of Aragon in 1137 through a dynastic marriage, the Catalans managed to check the king’s power
SESSION 15. Today
-
Along with political and economic success, Catalan culture flourished in the 13th and 14th centuries. During this period, the Catalan vernacular gradually replaced Latin as the language of culture and government
-
Wealthy citizens bolstered Catalan’s literary appeal through poetry contests
-
History pageants dubbed the Jocs Florals, or “Floral Games.” For the illiterate majority, these performances created an avenue of access to Barcelona
SESSION 15. Today
-The medieval heyday of Catalan culture would not last, however. -After a bout of famine and plague hit Catalonia in the mid14th century, the population dropped from 50,000 to 20,000 -This exacerbated feudal tensions, sparking serf revolts in rural areas and political impasses in Barcelona -Financial issues and the burden of empire further strained the region -The union with Castile in the 15th century would provoke that Castile’s power eclipsed Catalonia’s
SESSION 15. Today
-The Development of modern Catalanism Despite Catalonia’s subjugation by Borbon’s monarchs since 1715, it quickly developed into the wealthiest region of Spain While Spain remained politically and culturally isolated from the rest of Europe, Catalonia regained access to overseas markets and launched Barcelona’s industrial age in the 1830s The Catalan Nationalist movement was born by Catalan intellectuals at the end of the 19th century
SESSION 15. Today
•
During the first part of the 20th century, the main nationalist party was the right-wing Lliga Regionalista, headed by Francesc
•
During the Second Republic (1931-1936) the left-wing Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya party won the elections in Catalonia, advocating a Catalan republic federated with Spain.
•
Under pressure from the Spanish government, the leader of ERC, Francesc Macià, accepted an autonomous Catalan government instead: the Generalitat de Catalunya.
•
It was abolished after the Spanish Civil War in 1939
SESSION 15. Today
•
Following the fall of the Second Republic after the Spanish Civil War of 1936-39, the authoritarian dictatorship of Franco annulled Catalonia's autonomy statute and prohibited any public usage, official promotion or recognition of the Catalan language.
•
Its private everyday use was never officially proscribed by law but, due to the problems which its use could bring, it was rarely heard outside private homes.
•
During the last decade of Franco's rule, there was a resurgence of nationalist sentiment in Catalonia
SESSION 15. Today
•
During the transition, Catalonia regained its status as one of the 17 autonomous communities within Spain
•
The Catalan nationalist leader Jordi Pujol came to power in the first regional elections in 1980 and his two-party coalition, Convergence and Unity (Convergència i Unió or CiU), won successive elections for 23 years
•
Terra Lliure ("Free Land"), which was essentially a terrorist group, sought to achieve independence through violence against Spanish interests and the wider population.
•
It was never so active as ETA, and disbanded after negotiations with the national government
SESSION 15. Today
4) Convergence and Union (CIU) CIU = CDC + UDC Convergència i Unió is a federated political party consisting of Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (Democratic Alliance of Catalonia) and Unió Democràtica de Catalunya (Democratic Union of Catalonia). Ideology: conservative, nationalist party, in favour of free market economic policy. Appeal to voters who seek full independence from Spain to those who are generally satisfied with the present selfgovernment status
SESSION 15. Today •
The CDC first appeared in 1974 as a result of two processes. 1) From the 1950s diverse people and groups, who didn’t normally have any concrete political assignments, collaborated to form nationalist groups that would liberate democracy from restrictions and preserve the key identifiers as Catalan people.
•
It involved active resistance against the dictatorship of General Franco.
•
The term “Creating a nation” (“fer país“) was coined 2) different people and groups, summoned by Jordi Pujol, joined out of the necessity to start a new development in which political action would be fundamental.
•
Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya was born, with the objective of bringing together a large nationalist political force which would promote a project to reconstruct the Catalan nation.
SESSION 15. Today
•
On November 17th, 1974, around 100 people from different national activist circles - unions, professionals, cultural groups, university bodies, among others - met confidentially in Montserrat.
•
The CDC founding assembly passed a final announcement which declared that “it was time to do politics” (“és hora de fer política“) . The announcement exposed four basic points which would define the political program: democracy, social sentiment, nationalism and Europeanism. Finally, on February 18th, 1976, the CDC was constituted as a political party
SESSION 15. Today
3) Debate: Catalonia and the Basque Country. -Read the article “Homage to Barcelona” -Which region poses a bigger threat to Madrid government: the Basque Country or Catalonia?
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