Semester 2 Exam Book Content

Title and Author: Tartuffe/M olière

Characters:

Setting:

Conflicts:

Themes: Miscellaneous:

Tartuffe, Orgon's houseguest and a hypocrite, clever + cunning -> finds out his victims' weakness and changes to apeal to them, his lust for Elmire brings about his downfall Madame Pernelle, Orgon's mother [believes Tartuffe is a truly good man], critisizes everyone around her, hypocritical Orgon, head of the house and husband of Elmire, he was previously a very rational, respected man who was loyal to the king and tended to his estate in a dignified manner, the "fool", religous fanatic, goes to absurd extremes Elmire, Orgon's wife, object of Tartuffe's lust, very pretty, wears nice clothes (that Madame Pernelle disapproves of), sensible, rational Dorine, Orgon's housemaid and confidente of Mariane, saucy, outspoken, intelligent, expresses the frustration felt by the audience Cleante, Elmire's brother and Orgon's brother-in-law, "the sage", very wise, long-winded, offers advice to the other characters but they hardly ever listen to him Mariane, Orgon's daughter, in love with Valere, soft-spoken, obedient Damis, Orgon's son, hot-headed,

The setting is a middleclass home in Paris. The time is the 1660's, when Louis XIV (14) sat on the throne of France.

neoclassical period

Madame Pernelle vs. everyone else: she thinks Tartuffe is truly good, while everyone else knows the truth

Tartuffe tries to take over Orgon's household and put him in jail (using documents about Argas's misdealings that Orgon put in Tartuffe's posession Tartuffe convinced Orgon to give them to him by saying that, under investigation,

Hypocrisy

--written in rhyming couplets

Religious Hypocrisy versus True Christian Virtue + piety silliness of lovers (Mariane + Valere) satire satirizes the old/middle-aged person who can no longer participate in the joys of society, and so attacks those around them by being overlyreligious, fakely pieous, + reprimanding -> Orgon and Orante (old lady who used to be beautiful) taking the middle road, everything in moderation

HypocrisyTartuffe being a hypocrite, Madame Pernell being a

Book is written in rhymes Book written with stock characters who sometimes contradict their built personalities (Dorine is a low class maid, yet she's very perceptive) Characters talk in verbal irony (like Dorine or Elmire) to contribute to ambiguity Book written as a satire, to try to change society through means of making audience laugh. This is to: Get audience to listen more, since when they're laughing rather than angry, they'll likely reform more

wants to marry Valere's sister (so he wants Valere and Mariane to get married) Valere, in love with Mariane, gets into silly arguments with her Laurent, Tartuffe's servant (either unseen, or present but nonspeaking) Argas, friend of Orgon; entrusts Orgon with documents that Tartuffe steals and attempts to use against Orgon Flipote, servant of Madame Pernelle (non-speaking), Madame Pernelle criticizes her repeatedly Monsieur Loyal, a bailiff (an officer), announces to Orgon and his family their eviction, a traitor Officer - the hero!, messenger for the King

Orgon could say that he didn't have the papers)

Tartuffe turns Orgon against his family members

Tartuffe tries to seduce Elmire (Orgon's wife). Orgon wants his daughter Mariane to marry Tartuffe (she's in love with Valere).

Orgon's fight with Damis shows he's zealous in religion; he'd rather

hypocrite

easily

Father-child relations- the child is always supposed to listen to their father, no matter how outrageous his request. Mariane doesn't quite have a choice on marrying Tartuffe since her father wants her to. When Damis disobeys Orgon, he's severly yelled at and kicked out of the house

Satire is part of layers. There's the funny shallow layer of the play, and the ambiguous shades of deeper meaning underneath that you have to dig deeper to understand.

Family relationsseems this can go both ways. Orgon places religion and a stranger-priest over his family, while his family tends to care for one another (Dorine wants to

Moilere focuses on the people themselves and not their beliefs, so this will get the audience more interested and easy to relate to

make Tartuffe his heir, rather than his own son

TIOBE/Osc ar Wilde

John (Jack/Ernest) Worthing main protaganist, leads a double life (respectable + serious in the country/ indulgent + idle in the city), found in a cloakbag at Victoria Station, guardian of Cecily, in love with Gwendolen, actually the son of Lady Bracknell's sister Algernon Moncrieff - Jack's goodfor-nothing best friend, the secondary hero, charming, idle, brilliant, selfish, and witty, Lady Bracknell's nephew and Gwendolen's cousin, in love with Cecily, has imaginary friend "Bunbury" to get out of boring social engagements Gwendolen Fairfax - Lady Bracknell's pretentious, selfabsorbed, cosmopolitan, sophisticated daughter, in love with Ernest (actually Jack), obsessed w/ the name "Ernest", thinks she is the utmost authority on all fashion and high society Cecily Cardew - Jack's ward in the country, day-dreamy/dillusional, obsessed with the name "Ernest"

Victorian age

Fighting over the name, Earnest. Gwendolen Fairfax and Cecily Cardew all are obsessed with the name.

get it right for Mariane and Valere, etc.)

stupidity and ignorance of upper classes paradoxical statements epigrams

In this play, is earnestness a mockery of this victorian society?

Oscarisms

Why does Oscar Wilde do this?

Hypocrisy satire

Lady Bracknell will not allow Jack to marry Gwendolen. Later on, Jack disapproves of Cecily and Algernon's marriage.

Jack doesn't know his true identity.

Victorian valuesEngland living in a society where there are rules of civility, to break them makes everyone awkward; it simply isn't done (at least in real life) Superficial loveGwendolen mostly in love with Jack just because his name is

Discuss the difference of the hypocrisies and hypocrites between TIOBE and Tartuffe

In the last scene, Rev. Chausable and Miss Prism embrace -> did they marry?

and the idea of wickedness, makes up imaginary relationship w/o even meeting him, Miss Prism's uninterested pupil, young + pretty Lady Bracknell -Gwendolen's mother (Algernon's aunt and later Jack's aunt), snobbish, domineering, intimidating , cunning, narrowminded, authoritarian, wants Gwendolen to marry a man of "good breeding" and old money (keeps list of "eligble young men") says ridiculous things/paradoxical statements without realizing that she is making no sense (very humourous), values ignorance and calls it a "delicate exotic fruit" Miss Prism - Cecily' governess, in love with Rev. Chasuble (but he's a clergy man! *how scandalous!*), prim + proper, puritan, respects and praises Jack for his high morals and condemns his evil brother "Ernest", she put her manuscript in the baby carriage and the baby in the handbag (mixes up women's traditional duties w/ the more modern world of women writing novels) Rev. Canon Chasuble - the rector on Jack's estate, has secret romantic feelings for Miss Prism (*tsk tsk*), Jack and Algernon want him to rechristen them "Ernest" Merriman - butler at Jack's house in the country

Cecily fighting with Gwendolen even though Gwendolen just said that they were going to be great friends; shows more superficial relations, not just in love, but in general friendship

"Ernest"; she doesn't like men with names of anything else, it's not trustworthy. Also, Cecily meets Algernon after a day, and they already want to get married Upper Class- gets to live in leisure. Lady Bracknell the typical upperclassman, she doesn't want other classes to be educated well or she thinks there will be chaos very much like French Revolution. They waste their time, both Jack and Algernon go "bunburying" Authority of parents/guardiansJack can't get married to Gwendolen till he shows Lady Bracknell one parent; to not have one is outrageous. Also, Gwendolen can't be married to Jack till Lady Bracknell approves. Same with Cecily; unless Jack

approves, she can't marry Algernon

Lane - appears only in the first scene, Algernon's manservant (he's a guy), knows about Algernon's bunburying

1984/Georg e Orwell

Winston Smith - The novel's protagonist; a phlegmatic everyman. Julia - Winston's lover, a covert "rebel from the waist down" who militantly praises the Party's doctrines while secretly lives in contradiction of them. Big Brother - The dictator of Oceania. Shares similarities with Joseph Stalin. Winston Smith points out that he has never seen, nor remembers anyone else seeing Big Brother, and suggests that he may not exist. O'Brien - A government agent who deceives Winston and Julia into believing that he is a member of the resistance, convinces them to join

dystopic society

--Julia and Winston vs. state: they secretly rebel against the Party's conformist government

Julia and Winston at end- when they break up, it shows the power of the

individual v.s. the state.Winston resists the propaganda from the party and fights for the downfall of the party

propaganda- the government uses this to totally control its empire. From false newsreels to information such as saying that other 2 superstates are barbarians are fed to their minds 24/7, from

What can language do to the society? Limit people's expression and freedom of thought?

Paperweight- shows that Winston's freedom is being held down, he's the paper Prole woman- symbol of hope, "hope lies in the proles" City is grimy and dirty, shows a government

it, and later uses this against them to torture them. He convinces them that they must not only obey, but love Big Brother. O'Brien can be viewed as the novel's main antagonist. Emmanuel Goldstein - A former top member and now opponent of the ruling Party. Like Big Brother, Goldstein is, if real, most likely dead, and may have been created for propaganda purposes.

governmen t over the individual, they can really break anyone Winston and KatherineWinston can't love anyone superficial, he thinks it's ridiculous, she's just a stupid empty head

all corners of the country Emotions/no emotions: Seems like everyone is dehumanized (e.g. there are bombings, but 5 minutes later, life resumes normality, as if nothing has happened; Mrs. Parsons unconnected with kids), but proles seem to hold emotions deep down inside towards each other (Winston's mother somehow sacrificed herself for him, she loved him no matter how nasty he was as a boy) Love- at first, Winston and Julia's love starts out superficial, but then it gets really intimate. Also, the people are taught to "love" Big Brother. Survival of a Resistance- the Brotherhood is the resistance, though it

that's ready to collapse under its own weight but won't Junk shop- the past, some lingering hope that maybe the future will be better if this junk has survived Irony- ministries all named opposite of what they really do, to make them seem friendly Big brother- an oligarchy of rulers that depend on each other for survival Doublethink- how the society lives, with contradictory beliefs; people remember the past but also tell themselves to forget it Syme- intelligence, that's why he must be vaporized in the end

may or may not exist. Either way, there are people out there who defy the government, shows government isn't all powerful after all Dystopia- we as humans will bring upon ourselves this through our foolishness sometime in the future Hate- the empire is based on hate, as O'Brian says (irony, since a lot is on loving big brother.) There's 2 minutes Hate, and Hate Week, and the kids all hate "enemies"

The Handmaid' s Tale/Marga ret Atwood

Offred, the Handmaid - the narrator and also protagonist, Offred is a Handmaid in the Republic of Gilead, but she can

dystopic society , took place in the Republic of

The Republic of Gilead has subjugated women and reduced

possible language limitation, the usage of women-specific titles to address them:wives ,handmaids, and marthas severely strips away their

symbolism of colors red: Red is the color of the Handmaids' uniforms. Red signifies fertility, since it is associated with the blood of the

remember the time "before", when she was married to Luke and had a daughter. The Commander-head of the household to which Offred is assigned as Handmaid, and the husband of Serena Joy Serena Joy-Serena Joy is the Commander's Wife. She is a meanspirited woman who despises Offred and speaks to her only when she cannot avoid it. Ofglen- Ofglen is a Handmaid who is Offred's companion when they go shopping and walk to the Wall. Offred has a distant relationship with her until she finds out that Ofglen is a member of the resistance. Ofglen eventually commits suicide because she knows the authorities have found her out. Nick - chaffeur/car-washer in Serena Joy's household, delivers black-market goods to Serena Joy, Offred's lover Moira - Moira is Offred's closest friend. College students together with Offred. At the Red Center, the rebellious, independent Moira refused to accept her situation. Twice she tried to escape. Luke- Luke is Offred's husband from the time before. He and Offred tried to escape across the border with their daughter, but were caught. Offred does not know what

Gilead, a totalitarian and theocratic state that has replaced the United States of America

In future dystopiathis is important because it eshadowi n

Handmaids like Offred to sexual slavery. Offred desires happiness and freedom, and finds herself struggling against the totalitarian restrictions of her society.

Moira fights with Aunts for her freedom, though in the end she is "broken", as she settles down to be a prostitute and reveals she's given up fighting

individuality women bodies are for political and reproductive purposes power: totalitarian sexuality

menstrual cycle, indicating the ability to bear children. Red is associated with sexuality, in contrast to the chaste blue worn by the Wives. blue: purity (virgin mary), power green:green is the color worn by all the women who do domestic work

power of language: scrabble

pollution- we've screwed ourselves up that it might be the cause to infertility fertility: the main problem of the book. Because of infertility, Handmaids must be created or the population will continue to fall. Yet, they're all saved only for the Commanders, since Commanders are highest in hierarchy sex- whole book's society is based on this. Sex here should not be used out of desire but out of duty

Book is written in flashback to create suspense Red symbolizes handmaids and blood, fertility Eye is the secret service, reminds them that the government is the "all seeing eye", criminals won't escape Blue= wife, mix= econowives, green= martha, black= commander Wings- maybe symbolizes how handmaids are limited, to the world (like they can't speak freely,

happened to Luke. She keeps thinking about him, hoping he is still alive, but fearing he may be dead. Professor Pieixota- Professor Pieixoto is the scholar who gives the talk on "Problems of Authentication in Reference to The Handmaid's Tale," in 2195. He supplies a lot of background information about Gileadean society. Mayday: an secret organization made up of not-real believers in the governemnt The eye: The wing of the new government responsible for surveillance, espionage, and the detection of spies, unsuitables, and criminals. Angels: wear blue, wives of the commanders Handmaids: wear red, only job is to bear children Marthas: wear green, servants

for the government Survival of a Resistance- the Quakers are part of a resistance, shows government doesn't control everything Dystopia- we as humans will bring upon ourselves this through our foolishness sometime in the future Class system- it's all organized, they even have colors to distinguish who belongs in what class Love- is real in the story. Offred always thinks about Luke, and will never love the Commander

don't do it with anyone other than Commanders, etc.) Commander's house- like junkhouse, full of past relics like Scrabble, where you can break the rules secretly

Motivations: Commander breaks the rules and interacts with Offred- he's bored of such structured society Offred chose to be a handmaid so she wouldn't have to go to Colonies, follows the laws and not as rebellious as Winston, does what she's supposed to Moira defies empire for freedom, she remembers what it was like before military coup