Scope Of Nursing Practice

Scope of Nursing Practice

Scope of Nursing Practice

Nurses provide care for 3 types of clients: • • •

a. Individuals b. Families c. Communities

4 Areas of Nursing Practice 1. PROMOTING HEALTH & WELLNESS (HEALTH PROMOTION) -Wellness is a state of well-being. It means engaging in attitudes and behavior that enhance the quality of life and maximize personal potential. -Health promotion is a behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human health potential.

Scope of Nursing Practice

The Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion: – 1. Model healthy lifestyle behaviors and attitudes. – 2. Facilitate client involvement in the assessment, implementation and evaluation of health goals. – 3. Teach clients self-care strategies to enhance fitness, improve nutrition, manage stress and enhance relationships. – 4. Assist individuals, families and communities to increase their level of health. – 5. Educate clients to be effective health care consumers. – 6. Assist clients, families and communities to develop and choose heal h promotion options. – 7. Guide client’s development in effective problem solving and decision-making. – 8. Reinforce client’s personal and family health promoting behaviors. – 9. Advocate in the community for changes that promote a healthy environment.

Scope of Nursing Practice

Q client… no matter how acutely or

chronically ill, has Strength. The Nurse must identify the use of these strengths to help client reach maximum function & quality of life or meet death with dignity.

Programs or Health Promotion • • • •

1. Information dissemination 2. Health risk appraisal and wellness assessment 3. Lifestyle and behavior change 4. Environmental control programs.

Scope of Nursing Practice

HEALTH PROMOTION TOPICS INFANTS • -Infant- parent attachment/ bonding • - Breastfeeding • - Sleep patterns • - Playful activity to stimulate development • - Immunizations • - Safety promotion and injury control. CHILDREN • Nutrition • Dental check-ups • Rest and exercise • Immunizations • Safety promotion and injury control

Scope of Nursing Practice

9. ADOLESCENTS • Communicating with the teen. • Hormonal changes • Nutrition • Exercise and rest • Peer group influences • Self concept and body image • Sexuality • Safety promotion and accident prevention

10. ELDERS • Adequate sleep • Exercise • -Dental/ oral health

- Drug Management - Appropriate use of alcohol - Foot health

Scope of Nursing Practice

• • • • • •

Health screening recommendations Hearing aid use - Safety precautions Immunizations - Smoking cessation Medication instruction - Weight control Mental health - Nutrition Preventive health services - Physical fitness

2. PREVENTING ILLNESS (DISEASE PREVENTION) > The GOAL of illness prevention programs is to maintain optimal health by preventing disease.

Scope of Nursing Practice

• Nursing activities that prevent illness includes: > Immunizations > Pre-natal and Infant care > Prevention of STDs.

The objective of illness prevention activities are: - to reduce the risk of illness

- to promote health habits - to maintain the individual’s optimal functioning

Scope of Nursing Practice

Activities for Illness Prevention – 1. Hospital educational programs in areas such as prenatal care for pregnant women, smoking-cessation programs and & reduction seminars. – 2. Community programs & resources that encourage healthy lifestyles including aerobic exercise classes, swimnastics & physical fitness programs. – 3. Literature & TV information on diet, exercise & the importance of good health habits. – 4. Health assessments in institutions, clinics & community settings that identify areas of strength & potential for illness.

Levels of Prevention: 1. Primary Prevention 2. Secondary Prevention 3. Tertiary Prevention

1. Primary- is true prevention - it precedes disease or dysfunction and its applied to clients considered to be physically & emotionally healthy. - includes all health promotion efforts as well as wellness activities that focus on maintaining & improving the general health of individuals, families & communities.

Health Promotion includes: • • •

Health education programs Immunization Physical & Nutritional fitness activities

Scope of Nursing Practice

2. Secondary - Focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illness & who are @ risk for developing complications or worsening condition. - Activities are directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention thereby reducing the severity & enabling the client to return to a normal level of health as early as possible. - Includes screening techniques & treating early stages of disease to limit disability.

Scope of Nursing Practice

3. Tertiary

- occurs when the defect or disability is permanent & irreversible. It involves minimizing the effects of long term disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complications & deterioration. - activities are directed at rehabilitation rather than diagnosis and treatment. - care @ this level aims to help clients achieve as high a level of functioning as possible, despite the limitations caused by illness or impairment. It I Involves preventing further disability or reduced functioning.

Scope of Nursing Practice

3. Restoring Health (Curative/ Rehabilitative Care) >

Focuses on the ill client and extends from early detection of disease through helping the client during the recovery period.

Nursing activities include the following: 1. providing direct care to the ill person, such as administering medications, baths, and specific procedures and treatments. 2. performing diagnostic and assessment procedures such as measuring BP and examining feces for occult blood. 3. consulting with other health care professionals about client problems. 4. teaching clients about recovery activities such as exercise that will accelerate recovery after a stroke. 5.rehabilitating clients to their optimal functional level following physical or mental illness, injury or chemical addiction.

Scope of Nursing Practice

4. Care of the Dying • Involves comforting and caring for people of all ages who are dying. • It includes helping as comfortably as possible until death and supporting persons to cope with death. • Nurses’ carrying out these activities work in homes, hospitals and extended care facilities. • Some agencies called hospices are specifically designed for this purpose.

Scope of Nursing Practice

On Facilitating coping

– Nurses facilitate client & family coping with altered functions, life, crisis, & death. – Nurses provide care to both clients & SO during the terminal illness – Nurses are becoming, more active in hospice programs which are developed to assist individuals & their families in preparing for death & living as comfortably as possible until death occurs.

Institutions: Hospice Long term nursing facilities Nursing Homes