Science Year 6
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SCIENCE YEAR 6
A simple machine is a machine with few or no moving parts. Simple machines make work easier.
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Simple machines are tools that help: - to turn a force into a larger one. - to change the direction of a force. - to increase the speed in carrying out a task.
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The different types of simple machines: (a) wheel and axle (b) lever (c) pulley (d) wedge (e) inclined plane (f) screw (g) gear azi_azm09
Wheel and Axle
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A wheel and axle is a simple machine. The wheel and axle helps us carry or move heavy objects easily. azi_azm09
A wheel and axle consists of a larger wheel (or wheels) connected by a smaller cylindrical rod. This cylindrical rod named the axle is fastened to the wheel so that they turn together. azi_azm09
When the axle is turned, the wheel moves a greater distances than the axle. Less force is required to move the wheel. The axle moves a shorter distance, but it takes lesser force to make the axle turns. azi_azm09
Examples of tools which use the wheel and axle are: - the screw driver - the pencil sharpener - the egg beater - the car spanner - the tap azi_azm09
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Lever
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A lever is a simple machine. A lever consists of a straight rod or plank that pivots on a point know as the fulcrum.
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The fulcrum can be moved depending on the weight of the object to be lifted so that the force (effort) needed to lift or move the object is as little as possible. It can be used to push, pull or lift things.
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Pushing down on one end of a lever creates an upward motion on the opposite end of the rod/plank resting on the fulcrum .
The further the distance of the load from the fulcrum, the greater the force (effort) required for the task.
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The nearer the distance of the load to the fulcrum the smaller the force (effort) required for the task.
Examples are scissors, hammers and wheelbarrows.
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Pulley
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A pulley is a simple machine.
A pulley consists of a wheel with a groove running round the outer edge. A rope or belt runs along this groove to move around the pulley.
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Pulling the rope at the loose end will lift the object attached to the other end of the rope.
Work is made easier because less energy is needed to pull the rope than to lift the object.
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The pulley shown below is a fixed pulley. A fixed pulley is a pulley that does not move. When the rope is pulled, the load is pulled up.
A fixed pulley azi_azm09
Examples of fixed pulleys are - the pulley for lifting a heavy object - the pulley for raising or lowering a flag.
The uses of fixed pulleys
A fixed pulley makes it easier to lift a heavy object by changing the direction of the force. azi_azm09
Diagram below shows a movable pulley.
A movable pulley azi_azm09
A movable pulley does not change the direction of the force.
Both the effort and the load move in the same direction.
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The effort must move a greater distance than the load. Diagram below show an example of a pulley system that consists of a fixed pulley and a movable pulley.
A pulley system
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It changes the direction of the force. It enables us to use less force to lift the load.
A crane uses fixed and movable pulleys to lift very azi_azm09 heavy loads.
Wedge
cone-shaped wedges
triangle-shaped wedges azi_azm09
A wedge is a simple machine consisting of one or two inclined planes forming a sharp edge.
Wedges are used to cut or split things.
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Examples of wedges are axes, knifes, scissors, saws and needles.
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Inclined Plane
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An inclined plane is a simple machine consisting of a plane or a flat surface placed in a slanting manner as shown below.
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Inclined planes make it easier to move heavy objects.
It is easier to push a heavy load up a gentle inclined plane than a steep inclined plane.
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Example is inclined planes are staircases, ramps and slides.
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Screw
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A screw consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a shaft or cylinder.
A screw can fix two objects together.
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This inclined plane that forms a sharp point allows a screw to penetrate easily into wood when turned. Examples are cork screw, hand drill, jar lids, spanners and G-clamp. Screw can be used to fasten hinges on doors. azi_azm09
Tools which use the concept of the screw azi_azm09
Gear
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A gear is a simple machine that consists of a wheel with teeth.
Gears are toothed round discs.
Gears make movement easier.
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When two gears are fixed together, the turning of one gear will turn the other gears as well. Some gears have a screw or a toothed shaft to replace the other wheel. Gears help change the speed and the direction of movements. azi_azm09
A gear may also consist of a pair of toothed wheels that produce a certain speed, for example a bicycle's gear that controls the bicycle's speed.
Gears of a bicycle
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Gears are found in clocks, drills, handheld egg beaters and watches.
Gears in a watch, a drill and an egg beater azi_azm09
REFERENCES Alias Abdullah, (2008), Xpress UPSR Science, Petaling Jaya, Penerbit Sasbadi.
http://www.scorea.com/eng/examhall/enotes/As61517.html
azi_azm09
A simple machine is a machine with few or no moving parts. Simple machines make work easier.
azi_azm09
Simple machines are tools that help: - to turn a force into a larger one. - to change the direction of a force. - to increase the speed in carrying out a task.
azi_azm09
The different types of simple machines: (a) wheel and axle (b) lever (c) pulley (d) wedge (e) inclined plane (f) screw (g) gear azi_azm09
Wheel and Axle
azi_azm09
A wheel and axle is a simple machine. The wheel and axle helps us carry or move heavy objects easily. azi_azm09
A wheel and axle consists of a larger wheel (or wheels) connected by a smaller cylindrical rod. This cylindrical rod named the axle is fastened to the wheel so that they turn together. azi_azm09
When the axle is turned, the wheel moves a greater distances than the axle. Less force is required to move the wheel. The axle moves a shorter distance, but it takes lesser force to make the axle turns. azi_azm09
Examples of tools which use the wheel and axle are: - the screw driver - the pencil sharpener - the egg beater - the car spanner - the tap azi_azm09
azi_azm09
Lever
azi_azm09
A lever is a simple machine. A lever consists of a straight rod or plank that pivots on a point know as the fulcrum.
azi_azm09
The fulcrum can be moved depending on the weight of the object to be lifted so that the force (effort) needed to lift or move the object is as little as possible. It can be used to push, pull or lift things.
azi_azm09
Pushing down on one end of a lever creates an upward motion on the opposite end of the rod/plank resting on the fulcrum .
The further the distance of the load from the fulcrum, the greater the force (effort) required for the task.
azi_azm09
The nearer the distance of the load to the fulcrum the smaller the force (effort) required for the task.
Examples are scissors, hammers and wheelbarrows.
azi_azm09
azi_azm09
Pulley
azi_azm09
A pulley is a simple machine.
A pulley consists of a wheel with a groove running round the outer edge. A rope or belt runs along this groove to move around the pulley.
azi_azm09
Pulling the rope at the loose end will lift the object attached to the other end of the rope.
Work is made easier because less energy is needed to pull the rope than to lift the object.
azi_azm09
The pulley shown below is a fixed pulley. A fixed pulley is a pulley that does not move. When the rope is pulled, the load is pulled up.
A fixed pulley azi_azm09
Examples of fixed pulleys are - the pulley for lifting a heavy object - the pulley for raising or lowering a flag.
The uses of fixed pulleys
A fixed pulley makes it easier to lift a heavy object by changing the direction of the force. azi_azm09
Diagram below shows a movable pulley.
A movable pulley azi_azm09
A movable pulley does not change the direction of the force.
Both the effort and the load move in the same direction.
azi_azm09
The effort must move a greater distance than the load. Diagram below show an example of a pulley system that consists of a fixed pulley and a movable pulley.
A pulley system
azi_azm09
It changes the direction of the force. It enables us to use less force to lift the load.
A crane uses fixed and movable pulleys to lift very azi_azm09 heavy loads.
Wedge
cone-shaped wedges
triangle-shaped wedges azi_azm09
A wedge is a simple machine consisting of one or two inclined planes forming a sharp edge.
Wedges are used to cut or split things.
azi_azm09
Examples of wedges are axes, knifes, scissors, saws and needles.
azi_azm09
Inclined Plane
azi_azm09
An inclined plane is a simple machine consisting of a plane or a flat surface placed in a slanting manner as shown below.
azi_azm09
Inclined planes make it easier to move heavy objects.
It is easier to push a heavy load up a gentle inclined plane than a steep inclined plane.
azi_azm09
Example is inclined planes are staircases, ramps and slides.
azi_azm09
Screw
azi_azm09
A screw consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a shaft or cylinder.
A screw can fix two objects together.
azi_azm09
This inclined plane that forms a sharp point allows a screw to penetrate easily into wood when turned. Examples are cork screw, hand drill, jar lids, spanners and G-clamp. Screw can be used to fasten hinges on doors. azi_azm09
Tools which use the concept of the screw azi_azm09
Gear
azi_azm09
A gear is a simple machine that consists of a wheel with teeth.
Gears are toothed round discs.
Gears make movement easier.
azi_azm09
When two gears are fixed together, the turning of one gear will turn the other gears as well. Some gears have a screw or a toothed shaft to replace the other wheel. Gears help change the speed and the direction of movements. azi_azm09
A gear may also consist of a pair of toothed wheels that produce a certain speed, for example a bicycle's gear that controls the bicycle's speed.
Gears of a bicycle
azi_azm09
Gears are found in clocks, drills, handheld egg beaters and watches.
Gears in a watch, a drill and an egg beater azi_azm09
REFERENCES Alias Abdullah, (2008), Xpress UPSR Science, Petaling Jaya, Penerbit Sasbadi.
http://www.scorea.com/eng/examhall/enotes/As61517.html
azi_azm09
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