Science Folio Form2 (nutrition)

SMK.Kompleks Mengabang Telipot Healthy Eating Habits (Nutriens)

Name : Muhammad Shahril Juhaizi Class : 2A1 Member : (1) Muhd.Shahril (2) Muhd.Amirul Adli (3) Muhd Amero Syawal

FOOD CLASSES There are few classes of food that we are eating like: 1. Protein 2. Fats 3. Carbohydrate

Nutritio n

Balance d diet

Classes of food

Eating habits

Food test

sources

Digesti on

Energy value

organs

End product s

Defecat i-on

absorpt ion

Analyzing the classes of food

Food is collected of chemicals taken for the following purposes Provides energy for cellular activities Provide raw material for growth and repair of worn-out tissues • Keeps the organism healthy • Keep the body warm • Build new cells • •

Objective • The objective is analyzing the classes of food and nutrition that we are eating every single day.

Theme

Title: nutrition Nutrients There are seven major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, protein, vitamins, and water. These nutrient classes can be categorized as either macronutrients (needed in relatively large amounts) or micronutrients (needed in smaller quantities). The macronutrients are carbohydrates, fats, fiber, proteins, and water. The micronutrients are minerals and vitamins. The macronutrients provide energy, which is measured in Joules or kilocalories called carbohydrates and proteins provide 17 kJ (4 kcal) of energy per gram, while fats provide 37 kJ (9 kcal) per gram.Vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water do not provide energy, but are necessary for other reasons. Molecules of carbohydrates and fats consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates range from simple glucose, fructose, galactose to complex starch.Fats are triglycerides, made of various fatty acid monomers bound to glycerol. Some fatty acids, but not all, are essential in the diet, they cannot be synthesized in the body. Protein molecules contain nitrogen atoms in addition to the elements of carbohydrates and fats. The nitrogen-containing monomers of protein are amino acids, and they include some essential amino acids. They fulfill many roles other than energy metabolism; and when they are used as fuel, getting rid of the nitrogen places a burden on the kidneys. Most foods contain a mix of some or all of the nutrient classes. Some nutrients are required regularly, while others are needed only occasionally. Poor health can be caused by an imbalance of nutrients, whether an excess or a deficiency.

PROTEIN Are large complex organic molecules which play diverse roles in living organisms. Proteins are made up of the elements carbon,hydrogen,oxygen and nitrogen. Example: function: • Building new cell • repair and replace damaged tissues • for growth and supply energy Chicken

Prawn almonds

fish

CARBOHYDRATE

Carbohydrate can be found in starchy food that can be used by cells. The ration of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in one molecule of carbohydrate is 2:1. Example:

1) potatoes

2) rice

3) bread

FUNCTION: Building body strength, by generating energy. they are one among the three prominent macronutrients that serve as excellent energy providers, the other two being fats and proteins. Carbs intake can take place in different forms like sugar, starch and fibers. Function: Supply the body with energy to walking,breathing and working

FATS

Consists one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid. It is divided into two types that we called saturated or unsaturated. Example:

Margarine

Cooking oil

Cheese

Information • Made out of the elements carbon,hydrogen and oxygen • Vegetables facts:Liquids forms (Oil) • Animal’s facts :Solid form • Stored around the human organs or body Function of fat: • Supply twice energy than carbohydrate • Dissolve vitamin A,D,E,K • Protect internal organ • Heat insulator

Rouphage or Fibre Sources fruits and vegetable Information • Made up from cellulose from plant cell wall • Fruits and vegetables are the main source of fibre • Cannot be digested by human body • Fibre absorbs water easily so that human feaces remain soft and can pass easily from our body • Also prevent constipation Vitamins Sources: • Type of vitamins water-B,C • Fat soluble vitamins-A,D,E,K Information • Required in small quantities • Organic compound

Minerals

Fuction: • Keep in good condition and healthy • Needed in really minute quantities like calcium,phosphorus,sulphur,potassium,chlorine, sodium magnesium and iron are needed in large quantities Information • Inorganic substance needed by our body for healthy growth and development • Likes vitamins:1. good for health 2. required in small quantities 3. does not provide energy • excess minerals are excreted through sweet and urine • Lack of minerals will lead to mineral deficiency • Human obtain there minerals through foods and drinks Water Function: • Transport digested food • Camies aways waste product • Controls the concentration of the blood and the temperature of the body as a medium for biochemical reactions in the body as lubricant Information • About 70% our body is liquid (water) • Main component for our blood and body fluid

Illnesses caused by improper nutrient consumption Nutrients

Energy

Deficiency

Starvation

Excess Obesity, diabetes mellitus, Cardiovascular disease

Simple none carbohydrates

diabetes mellitus, Obesity

Complex none carbohydrates

Obesity

Saturated fat

low sex hormone levels

Cardiovascular disease (claimed by most doctors and nutritionists)

Trans fat

none

Cardiovascular Disease

Unsaturated fat

none

Obesity

Fat

Malabsorption of Fat-soluble vitamins, Rabbit Starvation (If protien intake is high)

Cardiovascular Disease (claimed by some)

Omega 3 Fats Cardiovascular Disease

Bleeding, Hemmorhages

Omega 6 Fats none

Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer

Cholesterol

Cardiovascular disease (claimed by many)

none

Protein

Marasmus

Rabbit starvation

Sodium

hyponatremia

Hypernatremia, hypertension

Iron

Anemia

cirrhosis, heart disease

Iodine

Goiter, hypothyroidism

Iodine Toxicity (goiter, hypothyroidism)

Vitamin A

Xerophthalmia and Night Blindness, low testosterone levels

Hypervitaminosis A (cirrhosis, hair loss)

Vitamin B1

Beri-Beri

none

Vitamin B2

Cracking of skin and Corneal Unclearation

none

Niacin

Pellagra

dyspepsia, cardiac arrhythmias, birth defects

Vitamin B12

Pernicious Anemia

Vitamin C

Scurvy

diarrhea causing dehydration

Rickets

Hypervitaminosis D (dehydration, vomiting, constipation)

nervous disorders

Hypervitaminosis E (anticoagulant: excessive bleeding)

Vitamin D

Vitamin E