Sce Profile Projects Msdi

DEVELOPMENT OF A METROPOLITAN SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR “GREATER BANGALORE”, INDIA

MSDI Name of Client :

Bangalore Development Authority (BDA)

Place:

Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Mission :

Urban Planning and management Management of the new Urban Master Plan for Bangalore 2021, Definition and elaboration of the Urban Regulatory framework. Implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructure comprising – - A large scale GIS map: 1: 2000 totally GIS enable (1500km²) benefiting from the latest technologies (3Dmodelling, High resolution satellite images, etc) © - Developments and implementation of several Urban management GIS software (Bangalore Visio , CDP © © online , Bangalore Geokiosk etc.). Training and capacity building Setting up of a complete training program and institutional strengthening, dealing with: GIS and cartography, Urban Project Management, Urban planning and Urban design, Utility and infrastructure design and management, etc. 2nd June 2003 – 1st June 2005

Date :

BENEFICIARIES „

The Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) – The BDA regulates, plans and oversees the urban development of Greater Bangalore’s 1279 km2. It defines the developments and extensions necessary to ensure a well-planned and sustainable urban growth. As the development authority, it plans and finances development of large infrastructures, new layouts and zones. As the planning authority it must design urban regulation and policy. It has a regulatory function to control and monitor urban development. 2

DURATION, STAFFING, BUDGET „ „

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Duration: 24 months, Staffing: 110 experts are being mobilised comprising of town planners, architects, economists, demographers, sociologists, GIS & IT specialists, geographers, cartographers, infrastructure and transport specialists. Budget: A total of 4.6 million € funded under the Indo French Protocol and 0.4 million € financed by the BDA ▪ Hardware and software: 0.56 million € ▪ Project services: 4.44 million €

1500 Km , 6.5 Million Inhabitants

PROJECT BACKGROUND

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Out of a total area of 1279 km2, 40% has already been urbanised (495km²) and the rest is under heavy pressure. In order to restrict the growth of the city, a green belt has been created (682km²), giving a temporary legal limit to the unrestricted urbanisation. High resolution images to map the city

In this context, the choice taken by the BDA has been to grasp the opportunity of the CDP revision to radically reshape the planning process making it more flexible and people-friendly, as well as to acquire and develop IT and GIS tools. The understanding was clear: Bangalore is competing with other Indian (Hyderabad, Chennai) and Asian cities (Manila, Kuala Lumpur etc) to attract and generate domestic and international activities and investments. This can only be done with a high level of “urban efficiency” resulting from a perfect understanding of current spatial issues and infrastructure requirements along with a strong capacity to anticipate the various social and economic needs and requirements of the multi-dimensional Bangalore society.

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The challenge encountered today is a play-off between urban growth and the capacity of public authorities to answer it in terms of infrastructure, civic amenities and urbanisation process controls. The absence of proper planning processes and dedicated GIS tools can limit growth and prevent Bangalore from achieving an international pole status in favour of other cities which would have better development management.

The MSDI project is thus a unique “spatial data” vehicle developed for Greater Bangalore to address various issues, like the CDP revision, and to help create physical infrastructure through the deployment of a multidisciplinary approach: IT tools and GIS applications. The governing principle of the MSDI project as well as its main challenge is to build, in parallel, a Sustainable Urban Geographical Information System along with a renewed approach to city planning through the CDP revision. That is to say to provide, collect, organise and standardise all kinds of data in a mega urban database ranging from satellite images to building footprints that interest all public and private stakeholders. This database must be both spatially meaningful and usable to all kinds of experts as well as to the building of the sustainable common asset and spatial repository acting as the spatial memory of the territory and its brain. „

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This intertwining of scales (metropolitan, city, ward, village, parcel, building), dates, issues (urban planning versus urban management) and the variety of actors make the MSDI project a showcase of GIS technology applied to a complex mega city like Bangalore.

PROJECT OBJECTIVES „

The objectives of implementing the MSDI project can be seen through the following activities: a) Detailing of a new Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP), b) Implementation of the Digital Urban Spatial Repository( DUSR), c) Implementation of Digital Urban Monitoring and Land Management Information System (DUM & LMIS) a) Revision of the Comprehensive Development Plan for the “Greater Bangalore” region of 1500 km². An integrated approach is underway including four steps: „ City Diagnosis, „ Detailing of Urban Strategies, „ Design of the Master Plan, „ Detailing of the Proposed Land Use Map, The Draft Master Plan was released in May and provides a renewed approach based on three governing principles: „ Make Bangalore, a city involved in the globalisation race, economically efficient and competitive, „ Promote social equity: access to infrastructures, civic amenities, decent housing and to the city centres for every kind of activity and any social group, „ Make Bangalore ecologically balanced through preservation of the water table and valleys (valleys must be free from urbanisation). The Conclusion of the Master Plan of Bangalore leads us to question ourselves and the stakeholders about the means to make Bangalore a real metropolis. Despite its unquestionable advantages, Bangalore must today deal with several constraints that could compromise its urban development. The current difficulties could lead to a dissociation between urban growth and the capacity of the public authorities to respond to it in terms of infrastructure, housing, public facilities, transport and control over the urbanisation process. These must also be dealt with in terms of demographic issues as well: in spite of a reduced growth rate, the population of Bangalore will reach 1 crore inhabitants in 2020, which will lead to considerable additional needs. These constraints could jeopardise growth and cause the loss of the status of an international centre to other cities in the country that would have better managed their development. The advantages of Bangalore allow it to overcome the difficulties and to achieve the status of a metropolis. This implies that optimal conditions be offered to IT, infrastructure, housing for all social categories, public facilities, and transport be upgraded. Also, development of new functions (finances, superior services, company headquarters, international commerce) must be undertaken, which require a CBD and logistics on par with the needs and the status of the city. This also implies that traditional sector activities, especially of the informal sector, are maintained in the economic dynamics of the city.

The main objective of the Master Plan is to define the framework and the general directions of the future development of the agglomeration on the medium term, combining factors of the present situation, the trends at work and future issues. It is created before the regulatory documents are defined. In this sense, the Master Plan is much more than a document for spatial development orientation; it is, above all, a strategic vision of the city based on directive principles that make a coherent combination of respect for natural balances, economic efficiency, market forces and social equity. Translating these objectives into action leads us to a governing concept based on the principle of “Structured Continuity”: Continuity of development of already urbanised areas avoiding costly new developments in distant outskirts that are not serviced by infrastructures. Structured, since urban growth cannot take place only through unmanaged urban sprawl. It concerns the following: Existing urbanised areas within which urban renewal and transformation of old zones must be encouraged to limit urbanisation costs and to improve the cost-effectiveness of infrastructures (transport, potable water, etc.) Future extensions that are to be organised and planned while ensuring the coherence of their development with respect to evolving needs and available infrastructure and with a real involvement of the private sector From the governing concepts follows the realistic scenario based on the development of the agglomeration to the North and to the East, the maintenance of the green belt to the West and to the South and the promotion of rail and road as modes of transport as well as organisation of functional relations (housing / work, centre / periphery, city / countryside). Within the defined limits, the proposed urban development will be structured around: „ Sensitive natural areas that need to be protected from

3 D simulation of Bangalore for a better understanding of the drainage and topography issues

all forms of urbanisation „ Centralities (core area and secondary centres) which must be reinforced and organised Major axes (Bellary Road, Old Madras Road, Hosur Road, Mysore Road, Tumkur Road, etc) which are undergoing significant change and which constitute important economic and strategic land management issues that need to be managed and monitored. The demand for metropolitan functions that will be decisive in the future: CBD, IT, logistics Urban renewal and ‘re-development’ areas. Residential fabrics that are divided according to the urban context, the economic and social milieu and the level of mixed land use (residential, trade, industry) Planning schemes or projects of strategic or sectorial interest in specific sectors. The Master Plan introduces some major innovations in urban management. Its implementation needs a new urban regulation mode through an improved control of urban development processes and city transformations. It involves operational, anticipatory, realistic and flexible urban planning, which entails significant modifications of city planning practices. This situation implies a clear distinction between the functions of ‘strategic urban planning’ and ‘urban development regulation’ on one hand and ‘PromotionImplementation’ on the other. The former calls for a Town Planning Agency; and the latter for an Office that can take charge of implementation of projects of general interest, but which must function as per market laws. At the scale of the agglomeration, it also implies the clarification of roles and responsibilities of the institutions and stakeholders in the domain of planning and urban development. The Digital Spatial Urban Repository, created on the occasion of the CDP revision presents a unique opportunity to share, on a common platform, so that all stakeholders may work on the same platform and engage in consultation between all the individual private players. Thus the Draft Master Plan paves the way for the statutory part of the CDP Revision i.e. the Proposed Land Use Maps. It promotes a hybrid approach to land use zoning through the recognition of the mixed land use, acknowledges market forces through proper FAR management, encourages redevelopment and urban renewal, restructures the city based on an adapted macro-zoning and a public-private partnership towards a participatory land development approach.

b) Implementation of Repository (DUSR).

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Digital

Urban

Spatial

The definition of infrastructure usually refers to hard infrastructure such as water network, roads, power line etc. but very rarely to soft infrastructure. This connotation and understanding is slowly changing, and the MSDI project recently implemented for the BDA is a good

illustration of this renewed approach. Mixing the necessary promotion of an information gateway to public and private actors with the revision of its Comprehensive Development Plan, this project gives the opportunity to implement a real Spatial Data Infrastructure directly related to public user needs. The original assumption is based on an empiric approach: how can I grasp the reality of my territory, anticipate its development, better manage and plan infrastructure without the relevant spatial information. Furthermore, in the context of Bangalore, a city that has transformed in less than 50 years from a peaceful cantonment city, to a state capital, and more recently to a world IT icon and tomorrow to a global metropolis, leads us to reconsider the function of the city. The DUSR provides the main public stakeholders, up-to-date urban large scale digital map (1: 2000) that is fully GIS enabled. It acts as the unique spatial platform which displays and consolidates all ground and underground urban information. As such, it plays a key role in spatially coordinating the various urban projects and in making them more coherent: for example, the impact of the metro on land use, the implementation of a water network consistent with road maintenance work, monitoring of layout development with respect to the approved plan, tracking of diseases in relation with water quality etc. The Digital Urban Spatial Repository (DUSR) comprises, at a glance: - A full digital geo-referenced large scale map covering 1500 km², 700 tiles, 553 villages, 55,000 parcels, 6.5 lakh buildings, 15,500km of roads, 230 km of railway, 2546 places of worship, 100,691 manholes, 330,903 consumer connections, 4,008 km of water pipelines, 3,245 km of sewage lines, 815 km of drains, 450 km of HT, 90 000 parcels of existing land use, 15,000 various landmarks, 400 layouts, totalling over 2 GB of records in 12 geo-databases. Attribute data- such as 1991 and 2001 census data, data from the Water & Sewerage board (age of the pipes, diameter etc), BCC (civic amenities managed by BMP, roads maintenance information), the slum clearance board (land property, size, date of establishment etc)- coming from 37 stakeholders have been attached to the various geographical entities (point, polygons, polyline etc.). It also compiles low (5m resolution) and high resolution (0.66 cm) satellite images, and old geo-referenced maps (1870, 1948 and 1973 and 1981 for a better understanding of city transformations. c) Finally, several IT applications are under development: ƒ

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10 information kiosks delivering spatial information to the public (routing calculation, localisation of civic amenities but also consultation of the new Digital CDP, along with applicable land regulations). The underlying aim is to keep this kiosk as user-friendly as possible, so that a maximum number of users may benefit from the tool. It will be a geographical tool that will combine the smooth flow of video with maps while being simple and interactive. It will offer the ability to use a map as a new means of communication: simply and interactively. It is primarily designed for use by anyone with no prior training and will be accessed from a display station.

Interactive Spatial Kiosk giving access to land information to the population

A spatially-enabled web site dedicated to the CDP, allowing the general public to make queries about the new land use and related urban regulations, to browse the various documents and scales (Master Plan, Metropolitan Land Pattern Map) and to process and map basic statistical data (land use cover, population density…). The main objective being to make the urban planning process participatory in nature, to

inform and instil transparency in an activity often perceived as discretionary and arbitrary. ƒ

A Territorial Data Server allowing BDA and land developers, town planners and investors to access key data concerning the metropolitan region of Bangalore through simple commands. It is a decision support tool. It compiles the principle information concerning road maintenance and infrastructure, Digital Land projects that Pattern Map exist, are which identify each land underway or cover planned, demography, economic activities, large and medium facilities etc. It processes information coming from various databases running in parallel (existing and proposed land use map, land pattern, transport and socio-economical geo-databases).

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Spatial Analysis Tool for Land Use Management: a simulation tool to foresee spatial consequences of various urban planning and land scenarios like for instance the concerned population in case of construction or modification of an infrastructure (highway construction, road widening, etc.) and its consequences in terms of traffic.

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A Digital Multi Purposes Cadastre is under implementation for BDA layouts. The main objective is to improve tax collection and maintain information such as: Real estate Information-land ownership, rights preservation, building description (in terms of density, type of occupation, architectural design etc.), local tax base constitution, detailed planning etc.

BENEFITS „

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The planning process itself appears to be the key to making Bangalore a world class city, and must be designed to benefit all strata of the society taking into consideration available resources and needs. The CDP revision is thus a unique opportunity to make Bangalore 2020 a real international metropolis with the help of the state-of-the-art GIS and urban database. More efficient planning: With the revision of the CDP, the BDA will finally have an up-to-date and realistic view of its territory. Knowing the ground realities will help it to better plan future developments. This will be possible through the identification of trends that are reflected by the changes represented in the new document. The MSDI Project is by definition an integrated project: namely the supply of management tools, with transfer of technology and know-how (land use, addressing) as well as dedicated methods (supervision of the changes, training, reinforcement of local capacities etc.). It is thus a full-fledged approach dealing with strategic,

statutory and operational spatial planning documents which goes far beyond the simple implementation and promotion of IT tools. This global approach is essential today because too many IT projects financed by international funding agencies fail due to a lack of connection with tangible needs such as a CDP. This has largely been due to the fact that the recipients were not actively involved, users were not properly identified, needs had not been well identified and there had been no building of local capacities. „

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It provides an access to an essential resource: spatial information. For this reason the acquisition and maintenance of accessible geographical information constitutes a true asset that gives a significant added value to the owner. It makes it possible to locate, evaluate, crosscheck and process data coming from different sources and to provide network evaluation and localisation tools. A project which encourages the sharing of the costs of acquisition, processing and maintenance of data and supports a communal approach to the territories. A geographical repository makes it possible to establish a shared and undeniable discussion base in terms of infrastructure investment, establish dynamic territorial development strategies, to gather together all urban development actors and study their problems and proposals in a common geographical framework. Improvement in tax collection: The BDA will be in a better position to judge the collection of revenues. This would in turn generate more funds for the building of better infrastructure. A common Digital Base Map: Using a common base map, other public and private operators like the City corporation, BESCOM, BWSSB, HUDCO, can have access to a Global Metropolitan Data Server, retrieving and exchanging necessary information, maps and other data. An innovative partnership combining private (SCE and Groupe 8), semi-public (APUR and IAURIF) and public (Sorbonne University and BDA) entities, addressing issues with respect to the variety of scales (metropolitan, local, etc) and to their background (city, regional authority, university, etc). It has been forwarded by multilateral funding agencies (the World Bank, the European Commission), which consider the synergies thus created to be extremely positive: benchmark practices, political bearings accompanied by rigorous project management, etc. It indeed represents the interest in developing the know-how of local communities, in opening new perspectives and in renewing approaches to cities by creating virtuous and innovative partnerships with public, semi-public and private companies as well as universities and NGOs which benefit everyone.

PARTNERS „

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SCE Group & SCE India: initiator and leader of the project, having implemented, for the first time in India, a full-fledged GIS solution to manage the water and sewerage network of BWSSB (300km²) and various similar projects all over the world (Beirut Water & Sewerage Board, Greater Paris Water Board, etc). APUR : The Atelier Parisien d’Urbanisme (The City Government of Paris) has over 35 years of experience in urban planning and the development of Urban Information Systems for the city of Paris, and many other cities world-wide (Moscow, Colombo, Beirut, Phnom Penh, Vientiane, Cairo, Santiago, Bahrain etc). IAURIF : The Institut d’Aménagement d’Urbanisme de la Région Ile de France (The Ile de France Town Planning Authority) has, for over 40 years, been working in the policies of land development as well as in the design, development and the setting-up of traditional as well as modern tools for the analysis and management of spatial information (greater Paris, Manila, Mexico) University of Paris, Sorbonne : The Paris Sorbonne University will play a vital role in ensuring the training and capacity building phase of the project as well as the setting-up of a training centre. It will be responsible for the organisation of exchanges between India and France. .Groupe 8: has been entrusted with strategic and legal urban planning since its first project in Tunisia forty years ago. Advisor of the World Bank regarding the urban development policy in Africa and China, Groupe 8 has also developed, with great success, simple and convivial tools for Urban street addressing systems which, today, are propagated by multilateral funding agencies (Urbadresse, Cityvia IFIE etc.).

General Landuse map for Bangalore metropolitan region

Digital reference map of Bangalore Urban monitoring & management Land information system

Large Scale Repository Map

Progress

Operational Planning Strategic policy Planning

BMA 1279 SqKm

Assistance to Comprehensive development plan

Strengthening of local capacity: Training- Know-how transfer, Maintenance