Sbpc2008 Rutherford Resumida
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SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
http://www.ifi.unicamp.br/~ghtc/ram-r41.htm
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
http://www.doe.gov/about/history.htm SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
http://cienciahoje.uol.com.br/122576
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Becquerel
SBPC 2008
Marie Curie
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
54 páginas SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
§ 1. Comparison of methods of investigation. § 2. Refraction and polarization of uranium radiation. * Comptes Rendus, 1896, pp. 420, 501, 559, 689, 762, 1086; 1897, pp. 438, 800. 170 § 3. Theory of ionization of gases. § 4. Complexity of uranium radiation. § 5. Comparison of the radiation from uranium and its compounds. § 6. Opacity of substances for the radiation. § 7. Thorium radiation. § 8. Absorption of radiation by gases. § 9. Variation of absorption with pressure. § 10. Effect of pressure of the gas on the rate of discharge. § 11. The conductivity produced in gases by complete absorption of the radiation. § 12. Variation of the rate of discharge with distance between the plates. § 13. Rate of recombination of the ions. § 14. Velocity of the ions. § 15. Fall of potential between two plates. § 16. Relation between the current through the gas and electromotive force applied. § 17. Production of charged gases by separation of the ions. § SBPC 18. Discharging power of fine gauzes. 2008 http://www.professorcarlos.com § 19. General remarks.
These experiments show that the uranium radiation is complex, and that there are present at least two distinct types of radiation—one that is very readily absorbed, which will be termed for convenience the α radiation, and the other of a more penetrative character, which will be termed the β radiation
Paul Villard
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Friedrich Ernst Dorn SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Robert Boyle Owens
Rutherford Harriet Brooks
SBPC 2008
Frederick Soddy
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
1 2
SBPC 2008
3 http://www.professorcarlos.com
4
5
6
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
7
8
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
I = I 0e
− λt
Meia-vida Decaimento radioativo
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Rutherford, isso é transmutação!
SBPC 2008
Não fala isso, Soddy. Eles vão nos acusar de alquimistas
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
A− 4 Z −2
A Z
X→
Y + He
A Z
X→ Y+ e
A Z
X→ Y+ e
A Z −1
A Z +1
4 2
0 +1
0 −1
http://www.professorcarlos.com
A Z
X→ A Z
A− 4 Z −2
Y + He 4 2
A Z
X→ Y+ e A Z −1
0 +1
X→ Y+ e
SBPC 2008
A Z +1
0 −1
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
A− 4 Z −2
A Z
X→
A Z
X→ Y+ e A Z +1
Y + He 4 2
0 −1
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Guglielmo 1909
1918
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Hans Geiger SBPC 2008
Ernest Marsden
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Geiger SBPC 2008
Rutherford http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
H
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
N
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
4 2
He + N → O + H 14 7
17 8
1 1
e mais . . . SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
We also have strong reason for believing that the nuclei of atoms contain electrons as well as positively charged bodies … it may be possible for an electron to combine much more closely with the H nucleus, forming a kind of neutral doublet.
… it should be able to move freely through matter. Its presence would probably be difficult to detect by spectroscope, and it may be impossible to contain it in sealed vessel. SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Altíssima energia
4 2 SBPC 2008
He+ Be→ C +γ 9 4
13 6
http://www.professorcarlos.com
4 2
He+ Be→ C +γ 9 4
13 6
Ops, dá para Transmutação?
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
50 MeV
P
5 MeV
parafina SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Que idiotas. Eles descobriram o próton neutro e não o reconheceram
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Será?
SBPC 2008
Não acredito nisso!
http://www.professorcarlos.com
4 2
SBPC 2008
He+ Be→ C + n 9 4
12 6
1 0
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Morre em Cambridge, em 19 de outubro de 1937. Um ano após sua morte, a descoberta da fissão nuclear é a prova de que ele também errava. SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
http://www.ifi.unicamp.br/~ghtc/ram-r41.htm
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
http://www.doe.gov/about/history.htm SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
http://cienciahoje.uol.com.br/122576
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Becquerel
SBPC 2008
Marie Curie
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
54 páginas SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
§ 1. Comparison of methods of investigation. § 2. Refraction and polarization of uranium radiation. * Comptes Rendus, 1896, pp. 420, 501, 559, 689, 762, 1086; 1897, pp. 438, 800. 170 § 3. Theory of ionization of gases. § 4. Complexity of uranium radiation. § 5. Comparison of the radiation from uranium and its compounds. § 6. Opacity of substances for the radiation. § 7. Thorium radiation. § 8. Absorption of radiation by gases. § 9. Variation of absorption with pressure. § 10. Effect of pressure of the gas on the rate of discharge. § 11. The conductivity produced in gases by complete absorption of the radiation. § 12. Variation of the rate of discharge with distance between the plates. § 13. Rate of recombination of the ions. § 14. Velocity of the ions. § 15. Fall of potential between two plates. § 16. Relation between the current through the gas and electromotive force applied. § 17. Production of charged gases by separation of the ions. § SBPC 18. Discharging power of fine gauzes. 2008 http://www.professorcarlos.com § 19. General remarks.
These experiments show that the uranium radiation is complex, and that there are present at least two distinct types of radiation—one that is very readily absorbed, which will be termed for convenience the α radiation, and the other of a more penetrative character, which will be termed the β radiation
Paul Villard
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Friedrich Ernst Dorn SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Robert Boyle Owens
Rutherford Harriet Brooks
SBPC 2008
Frederick Soddy
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
1 2
SBPC 2008
3 http://www.professorcarlos.com
4
5
6
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
7
8
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
I = I 0e
− λt
Meia-vida Decaimento radioativo
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Rutherford, isso é transmutação!
SBPC 2008
Não fala isso, Soddy. Eles vão nos acusar de alquimistas
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
A− 4 Z −2
A Z
X→
Y + He
A Z
X→ Y+ e
A Z
X→ Y+ e
A Z −1
A Z +1
4 2
0 +1
0 −1
http://www.professorcarlos.com
A Z
X→ A Z
A− 4 Z −2
Y + He 4 2
A Z
X→ Y+ e A Z −1
0 +1
X→ Y+ e
SBPC 2008
A Z +1
0 −1
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
A− 4 Z −2
A Z
X→
A Z
X→ Y+ e A Z +1
Y + He 4 2
0 −1
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Guglielmo 1909
1918
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Hans Geiger SBPC 2008
Ernest Marsden
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Geiger SBPC 2008
Rutherford http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
H
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
N
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
4 2
He + N → O + H 14 7
17 8
1 1
e mais . . . SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
We also have strong reason for believing that the nuclei of atoms contain electrons as well as positively charged bodies … it may be possible for an electron to combine much more closely with the H nucleus, forming a kind of neutral doublet.
… it should be able to move freely through matter. Its presence would probably be difficult to detect by spectroscope, and it may be impossible to contain it in sealed vessel. SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Altíssima energia
4 2 SBPC 2008
He+ Be→ C +γ 9 4
13 6
http://www.professorcarlos.com
4 2
He+ Be→ C +γ 9 4
13 6
Ops, dá para Transmutação?
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
50 MeV
P
5 MeV
parafina SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Que idiotas. Eles descobriram o próton neutro e não o reconheceram
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Será?
SBPC 2008
Não acredito nisso!
http://www.professorcarlos.com
4 2
SBPC 2008
He+ Be→ C + n 9 4
12 6
1 0
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
Morre em Cambridge, em 19 de outubro de 1937. Um ano após sua morte, a descoberta da fissão nuclear é a prova de que ele também errava. SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
SBPC 2008
http://www.professorcarlos.com
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