Safety Of Workers During Highway Construction And Maintenance
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We all remember this……. Don’t we???
This fall of WTC on 9/11 has death toll of 2740 But that are not the only people who lost their life in this structure…. During the construction work itself 60 Construction Workers lost their lives due to lac of proper safety… Similarly thousands of construction workers worldwide passes by our world, every year, while
SAFETY OF WORKERS DURING HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Prepared By: Dhawal Agrawal (U05CE057) B-Tech IV (Civil)
Guided By: Mr. Jagdish Prasad Mandawra
Civil Engineering Department Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat-395007
In an effort to decrease that inbuilt jobsite risk that construction workers face, this study analyze the current safety practices, examine new safety technologies, and collaborate with construction workers to gain a better perspective of what jobsite hazards they face.
Work Preparation In order to meet out safety, we need to start from during work planning itself This can done by… •Safety Equipments •Safety Plans •Safety Professional
General Safety Measures •
Workmen must be trained for use of tools, machineries and plants. • Gumboots, tarring outfits Spectacles etc. must be given to workers handling bitumen, their use should be mandatory. • First aid training must be provided to all workmen & enough safety kits should be available at the Site. • Workmen required on site during night hours must be provided with fluorescent jackets with reflective tapes. • Safety helmet must be given to all workers at site.
SAFETY MEASURES IN ROAD MAKING SITE.
•
Fire Fighting Equipments shall me arranged for emergencies
•
PPE to staff should be provided
•
All the signs and delineators shall be maintained in a clean and brightly painted condition at all times
•
Lighting arrangements shall be made for proper visibility in work area.
•
Arrangements like frequent sprinkling of water shall be made to keep the work area dust free and consequently reducing the risk to heath of the workers.
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES Importance: • Warn the road user • Guide the road traffic • Protect the road user and vehicle • Ensure safe passage • Provide safe working area
Primary Traffic Control Devices are: • Signs • Delineators • Barricades • Cones • Pavement markings • Flashing lights, etc.
Signs Road construction & maintenance signs fall mainly under 3 major categories, that is Regulatory Sign, Warning Sign, Direction Sign. These signs have definite shape and size. These signs should be of retro reflective Sheeting of high intensity. Traffic Cone & Cylinder Traffic Cones are 500-1000 mm high, & 300-500 mm in diameter, or in square shape at base, and often made of plastic or rubber
Barricades. Barricades are intended to provide containment without significant deflection or deformation under impact and to redirect vehicle along the barrier.
Flagmen The control of traffic through work area is an essential part of road construction & maintenance operation. Flagmen with hand signaling devices such as flags or sign paddles, play crucial role in this direction, Red Flag, STOP, SLOW paddles and lights are used in controlling traffic through work area.
IDENTIFICATION OF SAFETY PROBLEMS This includes two parts: (1) Field survey The survey items cover all related conditions. The surveyors need to use their field experience to judge the potential safety problems associated with the existing conditions. (2) Collect data (such as traffic data) and analyze the data. The main purpose of data analysis is to give certain adjustment to the first part. With the qualitative judgment (from the first part) and the quantitative judgment (from the second part), the survey could produce better identification of safety problems.
Based on these surveys the Safety Problems are ranked, and Safety Index is decided.
Some of the Better Used Field Practices today are….. •Use of back-up alarms with alternating sounds to keep workers attentive •Increased crew sizes to accommodate safety personnel •2-way radio devices with longer range, battery life, and dedicated frequencies •Improve availability and selection of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) •First aid kits at site, as well as more personnel trained in first aid •Annual physicals to monitor vision, hearing, and other construction sensitive abilities of the workers •Flagmen training and certification programs •Use of lightweight flashing paddles with LED lights for flagmen •Improve lighting for nighttime construction and maintenance activities •Traffic citation enforcement plan
REFERENCES • Wilding, J. (CEO), (2001) “Construction Safety Manual”, Metropolitan Washington Airport Authority. P.P. 8, 19-24. • Highway Research Records, (2005), “General Report on Road Research Work Done In India during 2004-05, IRC Highway Research Board. P.P. 133. • IRC-SP 55-(2001), “Guidelines on Safety in Road Construction Zone”, Indian Road Congress, P.P. 9-23, 68. • IRC-67-(2001), “Code of Practice for Road Signs”, Indian Road Congress, Indian Road Congress, P.P. 57. • SP-70-(2001), “Handbook on Construction Safety Practice”, Bureau of Indian Standards, (2001). P.P. 10. • Li Y., Jian L., Guoqiang Z. and Qiaojun X., (2004), “Safety Evaluation Approach of Highway Intersection”, Transportation College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. P.P. 303. • Pan F., Lu J., Xiang Q., and Deborah S. M., (2004), “Safety Based Signalized Intersection Level of Service” Transportation College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. P.P 247. WEBSITES. • http://www.saferoads.com/index.html • http://www.worldbank.org/transport/road/safety.htm#crash
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am very grateful to my seminar guide Mr. Jagdish Prasad Mandawra, without whose help, I wouldn’t have been able to complete this seminar successfully and he has also helped me to improve my understanding of seminar concepts. I am also thankful to my classmates for encouraging me. I am also thankful to Dr. B.K. Samtani, Head of the Department & Dr. J.E.M Macwan, Seminar Co-coordinator, for their invaluable motivation in this regards
This fall of WTC on 9/11 has death toll of 2740 But that are not the only people who lost their life in this structure…. During the construction work itself 60 Construction Workers lost their lives due to lac of proper safety… Similarly thousands of construction workers worldwide passes by our world, every year, while
SAFETY OF WORKERS DURING HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Prepared By: Dhawal Agrawal (U05CE057) B-Tech IV (Civil)
Guided By: Mr. Jagdish Prasad Mandawra
Civil Engineering Department Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat-395007
In an effort to decrease that inbuilt jobsite risk that construction workers face, this study analyze the current safety practices, examine new safety technologies, and collaborate with construction workers to gain a better perspective of what jobsite hazards they face.
Work Preparation In order to meet out safety, we need to start from during work planning itself This can done by… •Safety Equipments •Safety Plans •Safety Professional
General Safety Measures •
Workmen must be trained for use of tools, machineries and plants. • Gumboots, tarring outfits Spectacles etc. must be given to workers handling bitumen, their use should be mandatory. • First aid training must be provided to all workmen & enough safety kits should be available at the Site. • Workmen required on site during night hours must be provided with fluorescent jackets with reflective tapes. • Safety helmet must be given to all workers at site.
SAFETY MEASURES IN ROAD MAKING SITE.
•
Fire Fighting Equipments shall me arranged for emergencies
•
PPE to staff should be provided
•
All the signs and delineators shall be maintained in a clean and brightly painted condition at all times
•
Lighting arrangements shall be made for proper visibility in work area.
•
Arrangements like frequent sprinkling of water shall be made to keep the work area dust free and consequently reducing the risk to heath of the workers.
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES Importance: • Warn the road user • Guide the road traffic • Protect the road user and vehicle • Ensure safe passage • Provide safe working area
Primary Traffic Control Devices are: • Signs • Delineators • Barricades • Cones • Pavement markings • Flashing lights, etc.
Signs Road construction & maintenance signs fall mainly under 3 major categories, that is Regulatory Sign, Warning Sign, Direction Sign. These signs have definite shape and size. These signs should be of retro reflective Sheeting of high intensity. Traffic Cone & Cylinder Traffic Cones are 500-1000 mm high, & 300-500 mm in diameter, or in square shape at base, and often made of plastic or rubber
Barricades. Barricades are intended to provide containment without significant deflection or deformation under impact and to redirect vehicle along the barrier.
Flagmen The control of traffic through work area is an essential part of road construction & maintenance operation. Flagmen with hand signaling devices such as flags or sign paddles, play crucial role in this direction, Red Flag, STOP, SLOW paddles and lights are used in controlling traffic through work area.
IDENTIFICATION OF SAFETY PROBLEMS This includes two parts: (1) Field survey The survey items cover all related conditions. The surveyors need to use their field experience to judge the potential safety problems associated with the existing conditions. (2) Collect data (such as traffic data) and analyze the data. The main purpose of data analysis is to give certain adjustment to the first part. With the qualitative judgment (from the first part) and the quantitative judgment (from the second part), the survey could produce better identification of safety problems.
Based on these surveys the Safety Problems are ranked, and Safety Index is decided.
Some of the Better Used Field Practices today are….. •Use of back-up alarms with alternating sounds to keep workers attentive •Increased crew sizes to accommodate safety personnel •2-way radio devices with longer range, battery life, and dedicated frequencies •Improve availability and selection of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) •First aid kits at site, as well as more personnel trained in first aid •Annual physicals to monitor vision, hearing, and other construction sensitive abilities of the workers •Flagmen training and certification programs •Use of lightweight flashing paddles with LED lights for flagmen •Improve lighting for nighttime construction and maintenance activities •Traffic citation enforcement plan
REFERENCES • Wilding, J. (CEO), (2001) “Construction Safety Manual”, Metropolitan Washington Airport Authority. P.P. 8, 19-24. • Highway Research Records, (2005), “General Report on Road Research Work Done In India during 2004-05, IRC Highway Research Board. P.P. 133. • IRC-SP 55-(2001), “Guidelines on Safety in Road Construction Zone”, Indian Road Congress, P.P. 9-23, 68. • IRC-67-(2001), “Code of Practice for Road Signs”, Indian Road Congress, Indian Road Congress, P.P. 57. • SP-70-(2001), “Handbook on Construction Safety Practice”, Bureau of Indian Standards, (2001). P.P. 10. • Li Y., Jian L., Guoqiang Z. and Qiaojun X., (2004), “Safety Evaluation Approach of Highway Intersection”, Transportation College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. P.P. 303. • Pan F., Lu J., Xiang Q., and Deborah S. M., (2004), “Safety Based Signalized Intersection Level of Service” Transportation College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. P.P 247. WEBSITES. • http://www.saferoads.com/index.html • http://www.worldbank.org/transport/road/safety.htm#crash
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am very grateful to my seminar guide Mr. Jagdish Prasad Mandawra, without whose help, I wouldn’t have been able to complete this seminar successfully and he has also helped me to improve my understanding of seminar concepts. I am also thankful to my classmates for encouraging me. I am also thankful to Dr. B.K. Samtani, Head of the Department & Dr. J.E.M Macwan, Seminar Co-coordinator, for their invaluable motivation in this regards
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