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Introduction to Green Energy (Renewable Energy) As the world’s consumption of fossil fuel has increased, so have the concern about the environmental effects associated with our dependence on this non-renewable resource. Oil and natural gas as derived from fossil fuel and Coal, which formed deep under the earth crust millions of years ago from the decomposition of plants and animals matter. The Coal is used to heat water to produce superheat steam, and drive multi-stages turbine in a generator, which provides electricity. Other types of power plants work in a similar way, but use other fuels to heat water. When power plants consume coal, natural gas, or oil, it releases toxic gas into the atmosphere: •

Carbon dioxide is a “greenhouse gas” trapping heat in the lowest part of the earth’s atmosphere. This contributes to “global warming”- the average temperature of the earth slowly increases, affecting ecosystem across the globe.

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Sulfur dioxide is a key contributor to acid rain.

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Nitrogen oxide contributes to acid rain and smog, as well as health issues such as lung inflammation, immune system change and eye irritation.

By definition, Green Power is “clean” energy, producing extreme little or no hazardous emissions or pollutants, and having minimal impact on fragile ecosystems. They are five main types of renewable energy: hydro, biomass/bio-fuels, geothermal, solar and wind. While each of these can generate electricity, only hydro and biomass currently provide a significant amount of power but this fact will change in the coming decades. In 1998, only 7.5 percent of energy came from renewable resources but even a single household can make a significant impact; if a family could use only green power for their energy needs, it could help reduce the amount of emission in the air each year by: •

20,000 pounds of carbon dioxide

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70 pounds of sulfur dioxide; and

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50 pounds of nitrogen oxide

The reduction in carbon dioxide alone is equal to driving more than 25,000 miles in a passenger car, or the amount absorbed by three acres of trees.

RRES Venture Technology Why Use A Flywheel? The origin and use of flywheel technology for mechanical energy storage began several decades ago and developed throughout the Industrial Revolution. Development of advanced flywheel began in the 1970 following the oil embargo and gas crisis. During the 1980, Development of Energy (DOE) approved funding for flywheel energy storage, but further works have also proceeded for satellite flywheel systems in NASA. Flywheel energy storage is widely used in space, hybrid electric vehicles, military field (Combat Vehicle), and power quality. Space station, satellites, aircraft are the main application field. In these fields, flywheel systems function as energy storage and attitude control. For the applications in hybrid electric vehicles and military field, flywheel system is widely used to provide variable power. In addition, for power quality application, flywheel systems are widely used in UPS, to offer function of uninterruptible power and voltage control.

Chemical batteries are widely used in many applications at present. Unfortunately, there are a number of drawbacks in chemical batteries. •

They have narrow operating temperature range. Their life will deteriorate sharply at frequent changing temperature.

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Its capacity decreases over lifespan. Battery aging will result in lesser efficiency of its original capacity.

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It is difficult to obtain charging status. It is not easy to know the degree of the charge of the chemical battery because the chemical reaction in the battery is very hard to measure and control.

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In the event of overcharging and over-discharging, it will deteriorate its performance sharply.

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Elements of the chemical battery are toxic and poisonous; referred as toxic waste and could do enormous harm to environment.

Obviously, the presence of the shortcomings of the chemical batteries makes them an inferior technology to the users nowadays. Instead, flywheel energy storage becomes potential alternative forms of energy storage. The cost of Flywheel energy storages would reduce with further technical development. On the other hand, electrochemical batteries already have a tremendous economy of scale that has driven costs down as far as they are likely to go. There are also some other potential advantages that flywheel energy storage has over chemical battery: •

It has higher energy storage density. The flywheel battery whose speed exceeds 40,000 rpm can generate more than 25 kilowatthours of energy, weigh 300 pounds (height 2 ft, OD 2 ft), but the lead-acid batteries, to store 25 kilowatt-hours, weigh over 3,000 pounds

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The output capacity decreases over life is minimal. The life of the flywheel battery depends mainly on the life of power electronic devices and can reach about 20 years.

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It has no concern of overcharging or over discharging. The performance of the flywheel battery has no influential impact when it discharges heavily, and Power Electronics will prevent overcharging.

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Since mechanical energy is proportional to the square of the flywheel speed (Newton’s 1642-1747 fundamental equation), the stored energy level indicator is a simple speed measurement. In addition, the charge of the flywheel battery would restore in several minutes or even seconds depending on the capacity of the system, but a definite answer is; it will take about several hours for chemical battery to charge.

What Is Flywheel Energy System Typical flywheel energy storage consists of a rotating flywheel assembly and a set of controlled electronics. Electric power is stored in a flywheel system, from a DC power buss, and supplied to the buss, through power electronics associated with a motor/generator, its rotor integral with a flywheel supported by magnetic bearings. The power bilaterally converted by the motor/generator, controlled by current in its poly-phase stator windings, between electricity and kinetic energy. The rotor contains radialfield permanent magnets attached to supporting outer annular highpermeability steel, attached to inner annular steel. This completes a path through the stator windings, for the rotor field, which interacts with current in the windings to produce torque between the rotor and the stator. Poly-phase sinusoidal currents in the stator windings which controlled by the associated electronics, responsive to respective rotation angle sensors and the DC power buss voltage, plus other commands. •

A high speed rotor function through electromagnetic forces which act on the rotor and cause it to rotate, stores the energy;

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Magnetic bearing for minimizing frictional losses, function through electromagnetic forces which support the rotor;

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A motor/generator to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy and vice versa, via electronic control of the electromagnetic forces;

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Mechanical touchdown bearings to support launch loads and protect against magnetic bearing anomalies;

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A housing to provide structural support for the bearings

Our proprietary electric transducer technology, which represents a quantum leap in the development of high power density brushless motors and alternators in either rotary or linear configuration and its novel design enables a demonstrated reduction in size and weight of a typical device by a factor of three over the most advanced machines of comparable

performance. We have designed and developed traction motors ranging from 5hp to 80hp. We are adaptable to a wide range of advanced power generating system that is capable of performing beyond the present state-of-the art. Such systems have application as stand-alone (portable) power generators, aircraft auxiliary power units (APU’s) and as primary movers for electric drive vehicles (EV). Recent efforts have concentrated on a self- contained high-performance energy storage rotor or flywheel, which incorporates our motor/alternator and associated electronics. This device with only electrical input and output could be driven by any electrical energy sources (Solar Panel, Windmill, Batteries or on-board generator) or intermittently by means of regenerative braking. At present, targeted output is 25kw with a storage capacity of 1kwh that is suitable to a number of applications, including vehicle propulsion systems, and we have developed solid-state electronic controllers for its motors and propulsion systems.

Motor Technology The essence of the proprietary technology resides in the novel construction, combination and arrangement of transducer components such that is of tube or sleeve design in which radial permanent magnets are mounted on either or both of two hollow cylindrical motor elements which coaxially “sandwich” a radial thin hollow stator (armature). This will allow a much thinner structure than in a conventional drive. Consequently, the armatures rendered more effective placement because the multistranded copper windings experience the entire magnetic flux and the shell construction greatly enhances heat removal and air-cooled.

Research & Development Before the establishment of RRES Venture, a very small group has started research & development of the magnetic repulsion system to derive free energy from pure magnetism. The research went into almost 10 years to explore many ways to achieve methods of developing free energy from pure magnetism. However, it took painstaking years to establish fundamentals to realize the aspect of behaviour of magnetism. In the recent years, many designs and concepts have surfaced to pinpoint the accuracy of the correct methodology of a moving and encountering magnetism. The objective we set in the design of pure magnetism free energy is minimizing wear tear drive-system in the long period of operation. Generally, there are several creations of design concept; however, we choose the viable design applied into real-life application. In the event of the flywheel energy system, the concept of using kinetic

energy was a brilliant idea by inventors a few decades ago. The methodology of having the idea and applying it would be a strenuous work. However, this is a good thing. As the technology advances, many materials have been improved or re-invented, so is the flywheel energy system. In our research, we would implant our pure magnetism energy into the flywheel energy system to gain very high performance and efficient electrical power system. Every space and displacement defines by electromagnetism bonding; even in other universe or even the ultimate great universe. That is the resultant of drags, frictions, gravitational pull and so on. In our researched system, the pure magnetism theory would provide additional power to balance the frictional loss in the flywheel energy system, which of course it has one; thus lifting its efficiency higher. In search for new developments of green energy, our team will continue to work and develop new ideas and products. Henceforth, we set our direction towards providing green energy and clean environment.

Products 5KWH Power System

50KWH

Investment Our company invites sincere participation from interested parties to join our company set forth our objective to provide green energy to

Enquiry / Contact Us Webpage: http://www.rresventure.com Sales/Marketing: [email protected] Alan P: [email protected] Jeremy F: [email protected]