Role Of Enviromental Factors On Crop Production

THE ROLE OF ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS ON CROP PRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION • The role of environmental factors on crop production are vital in plant growth and development. • Generally they are climate, pest ,and soil, which then will be divided into several co-factors.

CLIMATE

DEFINITION • CLIMATE Meteorological condition over a broader area. Patterns developed over years. • WEATHER Describing short-term.

EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON CROP PRODUCTION • MOISTURE STRESS ( drought )  when soil moisture is limited.  occur when precipitation are too low, temperature are too high or both. • TEMPERATURE STRESS  Minimum temperature that kill plants outright.

• NATURAL DISASTERS  Excessive monsoon rain  Cyclones  Hurricanes  Floods  Drought

PEST

Categories of Organisms that Cause Diseases • • • •

Disease-causing organisms Plant as pests (weed) Insects pests Non-insect invertebrate or vertebrate pests

PLANT DISEASE Categories plant pathogens • Virus • Bacteria • Fungi • Nematodes • Parasitic higher plants

NON-PATHOGENIC CAUSES PLANT DISEASE • Temperature- best temperature range is 1530 degree C • Moisture- detrimental to crop plant growth • Air- air pollution is injurious to plant

METHODS PEST MANAGEMENT • • • • •

Biological pests management Cultural pest management Legislative pest management Physical @ mechanical pests management Chemical pests management

Roles of Pests In Crop Production • Pests is undesirable to human • Pests adverse environmental condition can causes disease • Agricultural pests reduce crop productivity • But a few parasitic plant are economic pests of cultivated crops • Some pests like insects cause direct damage to crop or carries of pathogens.

EXAMPLES OF PESTS

SOIL

SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Soil Texture - Sandy soil - Fine-textured soils (clay soil) - Silt soil • Soil Structure - Prismlike - Platelike - Blocky - Granular

SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES • Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) • Soil pH

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL • Earthworms • Nematodes • Soil Fungi

ROLES OF SOIL IN CROP PRODUCTIONS • For physical support of plants • Recycling center for nutrients and organic raise • To provide nutrients needed for plants development • Clay soils have high CEC, able to attract and hold cations, therefore, have high nutritional status. • Sandy soils have low CEC, light soils and easier to till, drain better.

CONCLUSION • Climate and weather are not within the control of the producer, but predictable although not precise. It is important in crop adaptation. • Soil act as the medium for plant growth and development. • Pests are undesirable, and appropriate strategies needed to control them without affecting the environment.

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Group members… NAMES

MATRIX NO.

1.ABDUL HADI BIN RAHMAN 2.NUR JANNAH MOHD AMIN 3.SITI MARYAMI IBRAHIM 4.NORSYAKIRA BT ABDUL RAHMAN 5.SITI BALQIS BT ABD. KARIM 6.ERNIE BT. MUSTAPHA 7.NURUL HASANAH BT ABD RAZAK 8.NOR ATIQAH BR JAMALUDIN 9.NOR SABARIAH BINTI YAHYA 10.AMATULLAH RASYIDAH AMBOK MAEK

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