Research Final Original Group 1.docx

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Federalism is a new implemented features spread all over the country under the governance of the Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte who aim changes in country’s form of government. Due to this issue, a recent survey by Pulse Asia found that 67% of Filipinos opposed that changes while 18% where in favored and the other 14% where remain undecided (Heydarian, 2018). Federal government refer to the distribution of power means that governing power is divided in all religion with diverse group and needs but a common culture will unite them together (Benz, 2018). Therefore each region has the capacity and capability in running their own region. They are self-rule and remain independent in using their own scars resources located in their own location. Every group have the freedom in achieving goals whom they believe it will mark the best and contribute productivity for their places. This paper entitled “The Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism” aims to evaluate and study the level of awareness of HUMSS students with regards with the two main concern namely Economic Growth and Political Governance under the federal government. This paper contains all the information that the researchers had gathered from their precised respondents by the use of self-made questionnaires that are valid and accessible in any

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

form of uses. Aside from evaluating the students’ awareness the purpose of this investigation is to consider the potential outcomes of federalism in our country based on the following perception of current respondents. The importance of this study is to determine the perception of HUMSS senior high school students with regards to federal government as well as studying the possible effect of federalism in our country with the two major area, the political governance and economic development either it may help for the productivity of our country or it may lead for unpredictable conflict and a chaotic environment. Also, this investigation contain information that could help people to understand federalism clearly. It is necessary for having enough knowledge in order to avoid any form of misunderstanding that may result negative effects that could harm one another.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Review of Related Literature Local Studies Federalism will create fast solutions for the community problems in local government. They will not going to wait for the national government’s decision in addressing the problem. And also local governments can utilize their own resources for the development of their own localities. Knowledge from Outsource-Philippines (2018), the Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte wants the local government to be responsible in their actions in terms of good governance for their local citizens. He wants the local government to be independent in creating solutions, employing of policies and making important decisions. Outsource-Philippines (2018) added that, local government will not depend on Metro Manila alone because they will have their financial independency that will concentrate their attention in accommodating their people faster. Federalism have different views. This may bring both positive and negative outcomes. But the most important thing is that citizen should cooperate hand in hand with the government for the development of the country. According to Torres (2018) the local governments doesn’t need to consult their actions in the national government in governing their people.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Another knowledge from Torres (2018), development of local economies is considered as one of the pros of federal government system. Federal systems will let the local states manage their own resources and funds. Federalism constantly expound along two strand; adoption of a federal form of government and achieving sustainable peace in Mindanao. Federal form of government sustains the means to decline the unequal allocation of resources, while the other is to defend the national unity while protecting regional diversity. The economic literature of fiscal federalism implies that the federal form of government can obtain economic efficiency and societal welfare by bringing government closer to the people, amend autonomy and possibly raised greater participation of citizens in the local government, strengthen national unity. The aforementioned are significant to the extent of decentralization. Another benefit from federalism, citizen with the same concerns can hook up together, constitute set of rules and may defend their states as opposed to the nation. Another knowledge from Jimenez (2016), the health, education, agriculture and etc. are the revenues that will stay on each state in their justice and foreign affairs. Also another knowledge from So (2016), the first Mindanaoan president was President Rodrigo Duterte and he sees that federalism means to obtain peace. He also hopes to end the poverty in Mindanao for the focal cause of rebellion in the country. According to GORPH (2017), the first local chief executive elected straight to the office of the president was the first Mindanaoan president which is President Rodrigo Duterte.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Another knowledge from Ronquillo (2016), independency was one of the disadvantage of the regions that could no longer be united with the other regions. It may also lead to rivalry that may result to a civil war if it loses control. In federalism, the authority of the government is dissect between two set of government. It is done to address the needs of the people in every states and also to develop quick actions to problems in the community. But also there is a one national government which govern the country’s territory to secure its people and utilize the resources. Federalism will lead to a higher economic growth due to a decentralize government. Decentralized government has freedom to choose on what policy in taxation should be used to generate a greater chance of development. And also, states with lower productivity level can choose or copy some policies from another state with regards to taxation, community regulations and other concerns to ensure the development of their state. Economic development can be recognized through the enhancement of every individual in a specific country with regards to their health status, well-being and academic level. It is not only limited to those aforementioned concepts, public education, lifespans and workers income are also entailed. In short both economic and social conditions are improved. (MBN, 2019) Federalism is the solution to a better state because in this idea, everyone can comply without a settlement of their differences. (Malaya, 2016)

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

According to Ronquillo (2016) claim the disadvantage of federalism is when regions could no longer be united with other regions because of its independency. Thus, it may lead to the rivalry which could result in a civil war if this could lose control. According to Rodrigo Duterte, being the first Mindaonaoan president, Federalism means obtaining peace. He address the poverty in Mindanao for it is one of the focal cause of rebellion in our country. Political instability might influence Philippine economy by intruding in the system distribution and property rights, political regimes, declaration of martial law, emergency rule, federalism, military uprisings, and impeachment. In addition, corruption also brings negative effect on economic growth. Investments risk rises, investment choices are undetermined, and investment placements are diverted, due to unpredictable provision of amount of payoffs, continuous exchange of illegal goods and services, and it negates competitions. Federalism talks about the distribution of power to every state, wherein this power can help them to have their own progression and individuals’ productivity. In this process every state can be stabilized and developed.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Foreign Studies According to Nye (2010), President Duterte notice some tactics at global level that people do not only depend on the world government, but value the justice and autonomy as well as with peace. Federalism have a big advantage to local members because they are close enough to the government. (Dooley and Patten, 2013) Knowledge from Dooley and Patten (2013), the realm of public policy in the states can be viewed as social laboratories that are free form experiment that is allowed in federalism. According from Trueman (2016), the independent government agencies clearly explains the role and powers that they wield also their lives and their work were affected. According to Filipiknow (2016), President Rodrigo Duterte bring up about the topic of federalism, not only for locals to hear it but also for everyone. Even his proposition towards the government about federalism was taken slightly but he still goes for the proposes to establish it. As the first federal country, United States have been success in implementing Federalism which makes their country more productive. (Robin, 2013) Many countries now are in a federal state, including European Union, Canada, Brazil, India, and Belgium. (Wilston, 2013)

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

According to Romers (2018), economic case is the most important cases can be used against the idea of federalism in the Philippines. This unitary form of government can be used against Duterte administration because they are the one who propose this. Synthesis of the Study The researchers find that are relevant to the Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism. According to Hatfield, if one country is under federal government and decentralized there is a greater chance that the government could have higher economic growth and was supported by the Market Business News that through individual enhancement both social and economic conditions can be improve. Also the extent of decentralization can obtain economic efficiency and societal welfare by bringing people close to the government thus it creates stronger bonds between the citizens and politicians. But later those studies are contradicted by Ronquillo (2016), which he states that federalism has its own disadvantage. When there is independency it might cause rivalry because states could no longer be united and it might lose the power and control among the citizens and the government. The uniqueness of this study is that it shows the perception of HUMSS Senior High School students towards federalism and it uses variables that correspond on how federal government works.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Statement of the Problem This research entitled “Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Student on Federalism” aims to know the perception of HUMSS students on Federalism and to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: 1.1 Age 1.2 Sex

2. What is the perception of respondents on federalism in the following areas: 2.1 Economic Development 2.2 Political Governance

3. Is there any significant difference in the perception of the respondents on federalism when grouped according to reliable and taken as a whole?

Hypothesis Therefore, the researchers conclude that there is a no significant difference in the perception of HUMSS students in terms of economic development, political governance, age and sex.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Scope and Limitation This study focused on the Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students on Federalism. The main respondents of the study are the HUMSS Senior High School Students of Silay Institute. The researchers conducted the survey by distributing questionnaires. The respondents limit its respondents only to HUMSS Senior High School Students of Silay Institute. Significance of the Study 

Students- present investigations enable them to realize what to response and act regards to federalism.

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Teachers- the result of this investigation provides essential information about the perception of their students towards federalism.

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School- the result of this study could gave relevance information towards school to know the perception of HUMSS students concerning federalism.

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Government- findings of this study could serve as an awareness and would lead them to action on students with regards to their knowledge about federalism.

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Future Researchers- data from this study may be used as references for other researchers who are interested in conducting study related to the perception of HUMSS students on federalism.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Theoretical Framework This study is anchored in Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. According to Mclead, (2018), Maslow hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. Mclead stated that Maslow (1934, 1954) explains on how people are being motivated to achieve certain needs and that some needs take precedence over others. Our most primary needs are for physical survival, and this will be the first thing that motivates our behaviour. Physiological needs are the biological requirements for human survival such as air, food, water, shelter, clothing, warm, sex, and sleep. These needs should be satisfied first in order for the body to function effectively. Maslow considered physiological needs the most essential as all the other needs become secondary until these needs are met. Safety needs includes protection from elements, security, order, law, stability and freedom from fear. After physiological and safety needs have been fulfilled, the third level of human needs is social and involves feelings of belongingness. The need for connecting with other people motivates behaviour. It includes friendship, family, work and so on.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Esteem needs which classified by Maslow into two categories; (i) esteem for one self (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (status, prestige). He gives emphasis that the need for respect and reputation is most important for children and adolescence and precedes real self-esteem or dignity. Self-actualization needs include realizing personal potential self-fulfilment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. A desire “to become everything one is capable of becoming” (Maslow, 1987, p. 64). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is closely related to the variable of economic development and political governance. When those needs are acquired by every individual in a federal system then it can lead to the growth of economy. The perspective can be also applied in political governance because if the leaders of the government have fulfilled the levels of needs in their self under the federal government they can produce a good quality of governance to lead the community into progress.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Conceptual Framework Schematic Diagram # 1 Diagram

Dependent Variables

Independent Variable  

Age Sex

Process Self-made Questionnaires

 

Economic Development Political Governance

OUTPUT Awareness Seminar towards Federalism

This investigation aims to determine the Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism. The respondents of the study are the Grade 11 and 12 HUMSS Senior High School Students of Silay Institute. The independent variables are the age, and sex, while the dependent variable are the economic development and political governance affecting the level of awareness of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Diagram

Self-Actualization Esteem Social Needs Safety Physiological Diagram .2

The diagram above shows that the hierarchical levels are associated with the variables in the study. Therefore, if the two dependent variables and the needs are acquired, it is possible that Federalism could be an effective form of government through decentralization, in which there are progress and development in a federal government.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Definition of Terms For clarity and common understanding, in the following words in the study it is defined according to their conceptual and operational meaning. Age. Conceptually, it refers to the chronological or biological existence of a person. As it used in this study, as the younger group refers to the participant in the 16 to 19 years old.(Merriam Webster) Decentralization. Conceptually, it is the redistribution of population and industry from urban centers to outlying areas. As used in the study, it is the delegation of power from central authority to regional and local authorities.(Meriam Webster) Development. Conceptually, it is the act or process of growing or causing something to grow or become larger or more advanced. As used in the study, it is the process of progression.(Merriam webster) Economic. Conceptually, it is relating to the process or system by which goods and services are produced, sold and bought. As used in the study, it is the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.(Merriam Webster) Federalism. Conceptually, it is the distribution of power in an organization between a central authority and the constituent units. It is the main subject of the study.( Meriam Webster) Governance. Conceptually, it is the way that a city, company, etc… is controlled by the people who run it. As used in the study, it is the administration of a certain leader regarding on how they govern their states.(Merriam Webster) 15

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Inflation Rate. Conceptually, it is a continual increase in the price of goods and services. As used in the study, it is defining the rate of the inflation.(Merriam Webster) Perception. Conceptually, it is the ability to understand or notice something easily. As used in the study, it understands something using one of your senses and create your own image or concept.(Merriam Webster) Politics. Conceptually, it is the activities that relate to influencing the actions and policies of a government or getting and keeping power in a government. As used in the study, politics is the one who will guide the states regarding wi9th the competing interest of groups or individuals for power and leadership.(Merriam Webster) Sex. Conceptually, either two divisions male and female by which organisms are distinguish with reference to the productive functions. In this study, the term refers to the male and female grouping of the participants.(Merriam Webster)

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY This chapter deals with the method of researched used, respondents and participants’ selection and the data gathering procedures. It also outlines the details of the instrument used, and data analysis. Research Design The nature of the problem of this study called for the use of quantitative. Quantitative research is a form, objective, systematic process in which numerical data are used to obtain information about the world. (Burn N. Grove SK,2015). Descriptive research is concerned with the conditions relationships that exist, practices that prevail; beliefs. Point of view, or attitudes that are held; or trends that are developing (Adelantar,2011). The process goes beyond survey questions that will show the Perception of HUMSS Senior High School students towards Federalism.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Research Locale This study will be conducted at Silay Institute, Rizal Street, Silay City, a co-ed institution of higher learning which was established in 1925 and the first private educational institution in the city. This institution offers a complete Junior High School with the following strands: ABM, CCS, ICT, GAS, and HUMSS and college where there are three (3) programs offered: Bachelor of Computer Science and Bachelor of Science in Business Administration.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Respondents of the Study The respondents of the study are the HUMSS Senior High School of Silay Institute. The researchers used the SLOVIN Formula to get the desired respondents which is the total population of HUMSS Students are 400.These respondents answered the research instrument, a self-made questionnaires. n= N 1=Ne² = 400 1+400(0.05) = 400 1+400(0.0025) = 400 1|+1 = 400 2 = 200

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Validity of the Instrument An Instrument is valid only to the extent that its scores permits appropriate inferences to made about a specific group of people for specific result (Siege, 2018). Research instrument is considered valid when based on facts; it measures what intended to be measured. Experts review established validity. Validators were composed of three master teachers. The questionnaire was given to the validators before survey was conducted. The validity index is 3.5 which is interpreted as good that prove that the instrument is valid.

Reliability of the Instrument Scale: All Variables Case Processing Summary N Cases

%

Valid

10

100.0

Excluded ͣ

0

0

Total

10

100.0

a. List wise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Reliability Statistics Cronbach’s Alpha

N of items

.946

10

The reliability score is 0.946 interpreted as very high and is therefore reliable. Research Instrument The researchers constructed a self-made questionnaires and checklist to be used in knowing the perception of HUMSS students towards federalism in terms of economic development and political governance. Furthermore, the instrument includes the responds for the profiles which is the age and sex. The questionnaires are made up of 10 statements in which the responds to the statements will be rated by the following scale: 5- Very High 4- High 3- Moderate 2- Low 1- Very Low

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Data Gathering Procedure When the validity of instrument was established, the researchers propagate sufficient questionnaire that was contribute to the respondents. The researchers send a formal letter to Silay Institute for a permission to conduct a survey. As soon as the permission is confirmed, the researchers began conducting a survey by the use of self-made questionnaire data that is essential for the analysis and interpretation.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

CHAPTER III PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS and INTERPRETATION of DATA Table 1 Variable Grouping

N

%

200

100

16 years old

24

12.0

17 years old

101

50.5

18 years old

60

30.0

19 years old

15

7.5

Male

56

28.0

Female

144

72.0

A. Entire Group B. Age

C. Sex

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of respondents in terms of Age and Sex. As to age most of the respondents are mainly 17 years old with a frequency of 101 out of 200 respondents that is equivalent to 50.5 % of the total respondents. While respondents with 18 years of age have a frequency of 60 that make up the 30% of the total population of the respondents. And respondents with the age of 16 years old build up a frequency of 24 that made 12.0% of the total population. While 19 years old respondents gained the frequency of 15 that is equivalent to 7.5%. As to sex, female respondents gained the highest frequency of 144 which make up the 72.0% of the total population while male respondents have a frequency of 56 that is equivalent to 28.0%.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Table 2 Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism in terms of Economic Development Variables

Mean

Verbal Interpretation

Standard Deviation

Economic Development Age 16

3.4833

High

.75967

17

3.5663

High

.68764

18

3.5100

High

.67138

19

3.5467

High

.38143

Sex Male

3.6786

High

.68615

Female

3.4833

High

.65825

Total

3.5380

.67023

Table 2 shows the data which aimed to present the perception of HUMSS Senior high School Students towards federalism. As to age, 16 years old have a mean of 3.4833 which has interpreted as high with standard deviation of .75967, while 17 years old a mean of 3.5663 and was interpreted as high with a standard deviation .68764 and respondents with 18 years of age have a mean of 3.5100 which was interpreted as high with a standard deviation of .67138 while 19 years old have a mean of 3.5467 and was interpreted as high with a standard deviation of .38143. As sex, male 25

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

respondents have a mean of 3.5467 and was interpreted as high with a standard of .68615 while female respondents gained a mean 3.4833 which was interpreted as high and with a standard deviation of .65825.

Scale: Mean Score

Interpretation

4.21- 5.00

Very High

3.41- 4.20

High

2.61-3.40

Moderate low

1.81-2.60

Low

1.00-1.80

Very Low

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Table 3 Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism in terms of Political Governance Variable

Mean

Verbal Interpretation

Standard Deviation

Political Governance Age 16

3.5083

High

.78901

17

3.6871

High

.81064

18

3.5600

High

.84597

19

3.4400

High

.60569

Sex Male

3.7143

High

.76549

Female

3.5681

High

.81821

Total

3.6040

.80458

As to age, 16 years old obtained a mean of 3.5083 which was interpreted as high with a standard deviation of .78901, while 17 years old have a mean of 3.6871 which was considered as high and have a standard deviation of .81064. And 18 years old gained a mean of 3.5600 which was interpreted as high and with a standard deviation of .84597 while 19 years old respondents have a mean of 3.4400 and was interpreted as high with a standard deviation of .60569.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

As to sex, male respondents have a mean of 3.7143 and were interpreted as high with a standard deviation of .76549, while female respondents have a mean of 3.5681 and were interpreted as high with a standard deviation of .81821. Table 4 ANOVA Results for the significant difference of the “Perception of HUMSS Senior High School towards Federalism” according to Age: Variables

Sum of Squares

Df

Mean Square

F-ratio

F-prob

Between

.616

3

.205

.431

.731

Within Groups

93.493

196

.477

Total

94.110

199

Interpretation

Groups Not Significant

As shown on the Table 4, the Perception of HUMSS Senior High School students towards Federalism did not vary significantly. One-way ANOVA result in the significant difference on Economic Development and Political Governance according to age, as seen on the table has obtained a computed value of .731 which is greater than the tabulated value of level of significant difference which is 0.05, therefore it is considered not significant.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Table 5 T-test Results for the significant differences on the “Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism” according to Sex: Variables

Mean

Standard Deviation

Male

3.5257

Female

3.6964

Df

t-ratio

t-prob

Interpretation

.69108

-1.582

.115

Not Significant

.66932

-1.605

.112

The table shows the significant difference on the Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism according to sex. As to sex, there is no significant difference between male and female. The above variable showed the result value which is .115 and .112.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATION This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations formulated on the basis of the research investigation. The main purpose of this study was to determine the Perception of the HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism. Summary For the problem 1, to determine the profile of the student in Silay Institute in terms of age and sex. The findings of the profile of the student were the frequency distribution of the respondents in terms of age and sex. As to age, majority of the respondents were at the age of 17 with the frequency of 101 students, compromising 50.5% of the total population, while the students at the age of 16 have a frequency of 24 compromising 12%, also students at the age of 18 have a frequency of 60 compromising 30%, and the older students at the age of 19 have a frequency of 15 compromising 7.5% of the total population. As to gender, majority of the respondents were female with the frequency of 144 students, compromising 72% of the total population while male with a frequency of 56 students, compromising 28% of the population.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

For problem 2, to determine the Perception of the HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism in Silay Institute according to frequency distribution. The findings of the HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism were reflected on the tables. At table 3, in terms of the age of the respondents as to the perception towards federalism, the overall mean obtained by the youngest of the respondents aging 16 years old obtained a mean of 3.51 which was interpreted as high, while 17 years old students have a mean of 3.69, also the 18 years old respondents gained a mean of 3.56, and 19 years old students have a mean on 3.44 and was interpreted as high. At the table 4, as the overall mean obtained by the 16 years old respondents is 3.51, while the 17 years old respondents have a overall mean obtained of 3.69, also the students aging 18 years old have a overall mean obtained of 3.56 and the respondents aging 19 years old have a overall mean obtained of 3.44 interpreted as high. At the table 5, in terms of the gender of the respondent, the overall mean obtained by the male respondents is 3.53 interpreted as high while the female respondents obtained the overall mean of 3.70 interpreted as high. For problem 3, to know if there is a significant difference in Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism in Silay Institute when grouped according to variables . the proposed hypothesis is stating that there is no significant difference in student perception towards federalism. In terms of the age of the respondents, the null hypothesis is accepted in all of the mentioned perception towards federalism. In terms of gender of the respondents, the null hypothesis in all mentioned perception towards federalism.

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Conclusion Based on the gathered data and tabulated result, the researchers concluded, outcomes which reflected transparency from the information’s obtained. Male and female respondents aged 16-19 years old have high perception towards federalism. When it comes to creating an Economic Development in the country the respondents believe that federalism can create helpful solutions to alternating poverty, integrating the production of goods and services and improving the health education and life expectancy of the people. Good Political Governance is believed to be an outcome of federal system by the respondents aged 16-19 years old, male and female because of their high perception as seen in calculated results. The respondents believe that federalism can create strong, healthy and honest governance of politicians when it comes to addressing the problems in the community.

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Recommendation As a researcher of this study entitled “The Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Student towards Federalism” we recommend that: ● Students must be knowledgeable about the government system which is federalism because in this way they can share their opinions and realizations about it and also they can understand the system of government if it will be implemented in our country Philippines. ● Teachers should guide and lead their students to a right realization concerning federalism wherein they can teach their students about the government system all regards federalism. ● School must also take action in order to help their teachers and most especially their students enable to advance them in getting involved to the new government system which is federalism. ● Government has the greatest power; they must evaluate and educate every person who can most benefit to this system of our government. ● Future Researchers have deemed benefit to this study, they must have to advance in conducting information which is essential to their study to equipped and develop their research study in a understandable way

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References Britannica (2019) Federal Systems Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-syatems/Federal-systems College American Government (2013) Retrieved from knowledge_and_perceptions_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Rodrigo_D uterte_Quest_for_Federatiion Dooley and Patten (2013) Retrieved from knowledge_and_perceptions_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Rodrigo_D uterte_Quest_for_Federatiion Filipiknow(2016) Retrieved from knowledge_and_perception_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Duterte_Qu est_for_Federalism GORPH (2017) Retrieved from knowledge_and_perception_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Duterte_Qu est_for_Federalism Hatfield, J., (2019) Federalism, Taxation, and Economic Growth Retrieved from www.gsb.stanford.edu

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PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

Jimenez (2016) Retrieved from knowledge_and_perceptions_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Rodrigo_D uterte_Quest_for_Federalism Malaya (2016) Retrieved from knowledge_and_perceptions_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Rodrigo_D uterte_Quest_for_Federelism Market Business News., (2019) What is Economic Development? Definition and Examples Retrieved from https://marketbusinessnews.com/financial-glossary/economic-development Outsource-Philippines, (2018) Federalism’s Economic Impact Retrieved from https://www.outsource-philippines.com/philippine-economy Outsource-Philippines. (2018) Decentralization Retrieved from https://www.outsource-philippines.com/philippine-economy Outsource-Philippines. (2018) Fiscal Economy Retrieved from https://www.outsource-philippines.com/philippine-economy Outsource-Philippines. (2018) Philippines Business Economy Remains Strong Retrieved from https://www.outsource-philippines.com/philippine-economy

35

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM Robin (2013) Retrieved from knowledge_and_perceptions_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Rodrigo_D uterte_Quest_for_Federalism Ronquillo (2016) Retrieved from knowledge_and_perceptions_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Rodrigo_D uterte_Quest_for_Federalism So (2016) Retrieved from knowledge_and_perceptions_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Rodrigo_D uterte_Quest_for_Federalism Trueman (2016) Retrieved from knowledge_and_perceptions_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Rodrigo_D uterte_Quest_for_Federalism Torres,M. (2017) 3 Advantages of Federalism in the Philippines Retrieved from https://kami.com.ph//18544-3-advantages-federalism-philippines.html/#18544 Nye (2010) Retrieved from knowledge_and_perceptions_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Rodrigo_D uterte_Quest_for_Federalism Wilston(2013) knowledge_and_perceptions_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Rodrigo_D uterte_Quest_for_Federalism

36

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

APPENDIX

37

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

CURRICULUM VITAE

38

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

SILAY INSTITUTE INC. Silay City Neg. Occ

Name

: Arriola, Princess Joy

Address

: Brgy. Latasan E.B Magalona

Birthplace

:

Birthdate

:

Age

: 18

Gender

: Female

Marital Status

:Single

Nationality

: Filipino

Religion

: Roman Catholic

Education Attainment Primary

:

Secondary : Tertiary

:

39

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

SILAY INSTITUTE INC. Silay City Neg. Occ

Name

: Batulan, Bea

Address

: Purok Vonvon Brgy,E Lopez Silay City

Birthplace

:Silay City

Birthdate

:January 21 2001

Age

:18

Gender

:Female

Marital Status

:Single

Nationality

:Filipino

Religion

:Roman Catholic

Education Attainment Primary Secondary

:

E Lopez Elementary School

: E Lopez National High School

Tertiary:

40

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

SILAY INSTITUTE INC. Silay City Neg. Occ

Name

: Bayoneta, Gemma Rose

Address

:

Birthplace

:

Birthdate

:

Age

: 18

Gender

: Female

Marital Status

:Single

Nationality

: Filipino

Religion

: Roman Catholic

Brgy. Mabalabag E.B. Magalona

Education Attainment Primary

:

Secondary : Tertiary

:

41

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

SILAY INSTITUTE INC. Silay City Neg. Occ

Name

: Deldo, Alliah May

Address

:

Birthplace

:

Birthdate

:

Age

: 18

Gender

: Female

Marital Status

:Single

Nationality

: Filipino

Religion

: Roman Catholic

Education Attainment Primary

:

Secondary

:

Tertiary

:

42

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

SILAY INSTITUTE INC. Silay City Neg. Occ

Name

: Gallego, Jucil Mae

Address

: Hda. Lolita Brgy. Capt. Ramon Silay City

Birthplace

: Silay City

Birthdate

: November 13, 2000

Age

: 18

Gender

: Female

Marital Status

: Single

Nationality

: Filipino

Religion

: Ang Espirituhanon nga Pagtulun-an Sa Dios nga Amahan

Education Attainment Primary

: Violeta Integrated School

Secondary

: Violeta Integrated School

Tertiary

:

43

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

SILAY INSTITUTE INC. Silay City Neg. Occ

Name

: Gordon, Edmar

Address

: Brgy IV Silay City

Birthplace

: Silay City

Birthdate

: May 18 2000

Age

: 18

Gender

: Male

Marital Status

: Single

Nationality

: Filipino

Religion

: Roman Catholic

Education Attainment Primary

: Don Eustaquio Memorial Elementary School

Secondary

: Doña Monserrat Lopez Memorial High School

Tertiary:

44

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

SILAY INSTITUTE INC. Silay City Neg. Occ

Name

: Lagarto, Jeymar

Address

:

Birthplace

:

Birthdate

:

Age

: 18

Gender

: Female

Marital Status

:Single

Nationality

: Filipino

Religion

: Iglesia ni Cristo

Education Attainment Primary

:

Secondary

:

Tertiary

:

45

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS FEDERALISM

SILAY INSTITUTE INC. Silay City Neg. Occ

Name

: Arriola, Princess Joy

Address

:

Birthplace

:

Birthdate

:

Age

:

Gender

:

Marital Status

:

Nationality

:

Religion

:

Education Attainment Primary Secondary

: :

46