Reference Questions Set 1

Reference Questions Set 1

Submitted by

Hanem A Ibrahim

Southern Connecticut State University

Dr, Elsie Okobi ILS- 504

Fall 2009

Submitted date October 31, 2009

This is the answers for the first set of reference Questions ( 14 Reference Questions ) The Question will be in red, and numbered (1- 14) the bullets will show the procedures of answering these questions.

1. Where can I find a list of presidential Medal of Freedom Winners from 2000 – 2008? Analysis : This kind of ready reference questions could be answered with an almanac, as we evaluated some of these almanac I recognized that Information Please Almanac is the best almanac to answer this question, and the up-to-date online version which available at http://www.infoplease.com is the best site for the answer because it provide users with information about all the award winners in different topics, so I can find the list of the winner of the presidential Medal of Freedom from 2000- 2008. Throughout the searching box available on this site. Search Strategy I enter these searchable terms “presidential medal of freedom winners” into the searching box of this web site. To look for them at the infoplease Almanac. The first hit of the results was: Presidential Medal of Freedom (Almanac - Arts & Entertainment) Presidential Medal of Freedom The Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian. I clicked on that one and found the answer. Answer:: I Found a list of the winner from 1993- 2009. Among them the winner from 2000 - 2008 as follows: Arts and Entertainment > Awards > Science and Other Awards 200 0

Aung San Suu Kyi (human rights activist)

200 0

James Edward Burke (businessman, antidrug activist)

200 0*

John Chafee (public servant)

200 0

Gen. Wesley Clark (soldier)

200 0

Adm. William Crowe (soldier)

200 0

Marian Wright Edelman (lawyer, president of Children's Defense Fund)

200 0

John Kenneth Galbraith (economist)

200 0

Monsignor George Higgins (labor movement advocate)

200 0

Rev. Jesse Jackson (civil-rights activist)

200 0

Mildred Jeffrey (women's labor activist)

200 0

Mathilde Krim (AIDS researcher)

200 0

George McGovern (public servant)

200 0

Cruz Reynoso (lawyer, civil-rights advocate)

200 0

Rev. Gardner Taylor (author, civil-rights advocate)

200 0

Simon Wiesenthal (concentration camp survivor, Nazi hunter)

200 0

Daniel Patrick Moynihan (public servant)

200 2

Hank Aaron (baseball player)

200 2

Bill Cosby (comedian and actor)

200 2

Plácido Domingo (tenor)

200 2

Peter Drucker (management theorist)

200 2*

Katharine Graham (newspaper publisher)

200 2

Dr. D. A. Henderson (leader in eradication of smallpox)

200 2

Irving Kristol (author and editor)

200 2

Nelson Mandela (former president of South Africa)

200 2

Gordon Moore (Intel cofounder)

200 2

Nancy Reagan (former first lady)

200 2

Fred Rogers (children's television host)

200 2

A. M. Rosenthal (editor and columnist)

200 3

Jacques Barzun (writer, historian)

200 3

Julia Child (chef)

200 3*

Roberto W. Clemente (baseball player)

200 3

Van Cliburn (pianist)

200 3

Vaclav Havel (playwright, Czechoslovakian president)

200 3

Charlton Heston (actor)

200 3

Edward Teller (physicist)

200

R. David Thomas (Wendy's founder)

3* 200 3*

Byron R. White (Supreme Court justice)

200 3

James Q. Wilson (professor)

200 3

John R. Wooden (basketball coach)

200 4

Robert L. Bartley (editor)

200 4

L. Paul Bremer (diplomat)

200 4

Edward Brooke III (politician)

200 4

Doris Day (actress)

200 4

Tommy Franks (U.S. Army general)

200 4

Vartan Gregorian (historian)

200 4

Gilbert Melville Grosvenor (president of the National Geographic Society)

200 4

Gordon B. Hinckley (president of the Mormon Church) Gordon B. Hinckley

200 4

John Paul II (pope)

200 4

Estee Lauder (founder of cosmetics company)

200 4

Rita Moreno (dancer and actress)

200 4

Arnold Palmer (golfer)

200 4

Arnall Patz (ophthalmology researcher)

200 4

Norman Podhoretz (journalist)

200 4

George Tenet (former CIA director)

200 4

Walter Wriston (economist and banker)

200 5

Muhammad Ali (boxer)

200 5

Carol Burnett (comedienne and actress)

200 5

Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn (software code designers)

200 5

Robert Conquest (historian)

200 5

Aretha Franklin (singer)

200 5

Alan Greenspan (chairman, Federal Reserve Board; economist)

200 5

Andy Griffith (actor)

200 5

Paul Harvey (radio personality)

200 5

Sonny Montgomery (veterans' rights activist, former U.S. congressman)

200 5

Richard B. Myers (U.S. Army general)

200 5

Jack Nicklaus (golfer)

200 5

Frank Robinson (baseball player)

200 5

Paul Rusesabagina (Rwandan hotelier)

200 6

Ruth Johnson Colvin (literacy advocate)

200 6

Norman C. Francis (president of Xavier University)

200 6

Paul Johnson (historian and journalist)

200 6

B. B. King (singer and guitarist)

200 6

Joshua Lederberg (scientist)

200 6

David McCullough (author and historian)

200 6

Norman Y. Mineta (public official)

200 6

Buck O'Neil (former professional baseball player)

200 6

William Safire (writer and commentator)

200 6

Natan Sharansky (writer and human rights advocate)

200 7

Gary S. Becker (economist and nobel laureate)

200 7

Oscar Elias Biscet (medical doctor and activist)

200 7

Francis S. Collins (director of NHGRI at NIH)

200 7

Benjamin L. Hooks (attorney and clergyman)

200 7

Henry J. Hyde (representative from Illinois)

200 7

Brian P. Lamb (founder and CEO of C-SPAN)

200 7

Harper Lee (writer)

200 7

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (president of Liberia)

200 8

Dr. Benjamin Carson (neurosurgeon)

200 8

Dr. Anthony Fauci (immunologist)

200

Tom Lantos (former representative from California)

8 200 8

Peter Pace (four-star general)

200 8

Donna Shalala (Secretary of Health and Human Services)

200 8

Laurence Silberman (judge in U.S. Court of Appeals)

Citation : Infolease.com (2009) Retrieved on October 28,2009 . From http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0002285.html 1. When will be the dates of Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday (Western Churches) in 2087? Analysis: The answer for this kind of ready reference questions about a calendar event could be found also in an almanac, As we evaluated some of these almanacs, I found that the suitable one is The World Almanac and Book of Facts. This almanac includes articles about calendar events. It is available in print and online by logging on via Lexis-Nexis http://www.library.uiuc.edu/rex/erefs/almanacs.htm

Search Strategy: – –

In the World Almanac of 2009, there is an alphabetical index at the back of this almanac referring to Names and Events by page number/s. I looked in the Index for Ash Wednesday and found a link to the answer. in page 684. Answer: I found a table of Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday (Western Churches) from 1901- 2100. The answer for 2087 is in this form of table Year

Ash Wed.

Easter Sunday

2087

Mar.

Apr.

5

20

Citation: World Almanac and Book of Facts. (2009). NY: World Almanac Education Group.( p. 684)

1. My neighbor has just purchased 35 acres near Camp Wood, Texas, and is interested in the history of the area. Can you help us? Analysis: The answer for this question needs a geographical or historical reference of the United States. And since we didn’t evaluate any of them yet , I thought

that I could use Google search engine to look for this place to know where exactly I should look for information about this Search Strategy: 1- By searching these terms “Camp Wood, Texas” in www.Google.com I found lots of result about that place including a map and other articles. 2- One of the results is “The Handbook of Texas online” I thought it might be the best one to find the answer so, I clicked on it I got the answer. Answer: “ CAMP WOOD, TEXAS. Camp Wood is on the Nueces River at the intersection of Farm Road 337 and State Highway 55, just below Camp Wood Creek in far southwestern Real County. The settlement was founded in 1920 by workers of the Uvalde Cedar Company for the purpose of exploiting the abundant cedar in the area. The site of the town and the immediate vicinity have, however, been inhabited for several millenia, as revealed by archeological evidence. The town is situated in the Nueces Canyon on the Balcones Escarpment, at the southern edge of the Edwards Plateau, amid plentiful supplies of water, game, and other natural resources. The excellence of the site for habitation is attested by evidence of successive occupations since the Archaic and Neo-American periods. The modern town's water is supplied by the same spring that earlier served San Lorenzo de la Santa Cruz Mission (1762-71), established by Franciscans for the Lipan Apaches who inhabited the region during the historic period, and the United States military outpost Camp Wood (1857-61), from which the town derives its name. After the mission was abandoned, Indians continued to return to the site. White occupation did not cease with the withdrawal of federal troops at the start of the Civil War. Edward D. Westfall moved to the site at this time and remained until 1874, raising cattle and serving as a scout for Confederate troops stationed there… more” Citation:

Minton, John (2009) Camp Wood, Texas in Handbook of Texas online Retrieved on October 30, 2009 From :http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/CC/hlc3.html 1. When was the first swimming pool built in the White House? .Analysis: This ready reference question could be answered by the Famous Firsts Facts book. This work presents 8549 “firsts” in American history, from the earliest known human activity to in the United States to current social, cultural, and

scientific developments, up to and through the date of this copy of the book( 2006) 1-

.Search Strategy: The main body of the book includes 8549 entries, I can’t search throughout all of these, so I searched first the Expended contents which includes the main subjects headings and sub- headings included under each of the main subjects,

2-

I figured out that I had to look under the IV section which has the subject headings of Government and politics. I searched for the “White House” under that main subject heading in this table of contents which referred me to page “324” inside the book.

3-

I searched there till I found the answer to the fact number “4332” “Swimming pool in the White House” in page 325. The Answer:

The first swimming pool was built by popular subscription…. It was formally accepted by the President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on June 2, 1933 . Citation: Kane, J. N., Anzovin, S., & Podell, J. (2006). Famous first facts: A record of first happenings, discoveries, and inventions in American history. New York: H.W. Wilson. Answers for the following questions from Online Databases in Buley Library for each question you will justify your choice of database. You will provide your pre-search analysis as well as your search STATEMENT.

5- Find a book review of Jack Welch’s latest book. .Analysis: This question requires a source that offers book reviews, such as Books In Print, Book Index with Reviews, or Book Review Digest. Which are available at Buley Library databases. Search Strategy: In Buley's online databases, from EBESCO databases I chose Searching first :

Book Index with Reviews, I entered these terms into the searching box “book review of Jack Welch” I received some results, then I tried searching Books In Print (Bowker). I entered “ Welch, Jack “ in the Quick Search box, and from the dropdown menu I selected author I received also some results. Answer:

1- I found out that Winning still the latest book for Jack Welch since the first edition in 2001.The latest review I received from searching “Books In Print (Bowker)”. I found the star which means review available for this title “Winning: The Ultimate Business How-to Book” which will be in the market in Feb. 2010. And this is the basic information about that book. Winning: The Ultimate Business How-to Book Author: Welch, Jack et al. Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers ISBN or UPC: 0-06075395-1 (Active Record) Format: Trade Paper Date: Feb 2010 Price: $14.99 Market: United States Availability: Available for Order Dewey#: 658.4/09 ISBN 13: 978-0-06-075395-5.

2- When I clicked on this hyperlinked title I received the complete review of this book:

Title:

Winning: The Ultimate Business How-to Book

Author:

Jack Welch Suzy Welch

Publication Date:

February 2010

Publisher:

HarperCollins Publishers

Imprint:

Collins Business

Country of Publication: United States Market:

United States

Synopsis/Annotation: Jack Welch knows how to win. During his forty-year career at General Electric, he led the company to year-after-year success around the globe, in multiple markets, against brutal competition. His honest, be-the-best style of management became the gold standard in business, with his relentless focus on people, teamwork, and profits. Welch has written a philosophical and pragmatic book that is destined to become the bible of business for generations to come. It clearly lays out the answers to the most difficult and important questions people face both on and off the job. Welch's optimistic, no excuses, get-it-done mind-set is riveting. Packed with personal anecdotes and written in Jack's distinctive no b.s. voice, Winning is a great read and a great business book.

3- But if the question is about review for the last printed book by Jack Welch it will be “Winning : the answers : confronting 74 of the toughest questions in business today Jack & Suzy Welch , which published in 2006. And that’s was the first result from searching in Book Index with Reviews is. I got all this review: Citation Only Available

Winning : the answers : confronting 74 of the toughest questions in business today Available

Jack & Suzy Welch

Author: Welch, Jack Format: Paperback Pub Date: 11/01/2006 Popularity: Price: $12.95 ISBN: 978-0-06-124149-9

Citation Only

ISBN-10: 0-06-124149-0

Non-Fiction In-Print And after I clicked the hyperlinked title I received this complete review of that title:

Winning : the answers : confronting 74 of the toughest questions in business today - Jack & Suzy Welch Author: Welch, Jack More books by this author Summary: The authors interpret, extend, and illustrate the ideas first outlined in their earlier book, Winning (c2005), through questions and answers drawn from their column, "The Welch way," in the Friday issues of BusinessWeek, from their book tour, and from speeches and classroom discussions In-Print Annotation: A detailed management guide counsels readers on the strategic, organizational, and personal challenges of every stage of a career, sharing numerous anecdotes that illustrate the author's business theories about getting promoted, writing budgets, working with difficult people, establishing a work-life balance, and more. Reprint. References: Fast Facts - October 2006 #5 Fast Facts - November 2006 #1 Fast Facts - December 2006 #2 Fast Facts - December 2006 #3 Baker & Taylor Paper Clips October 2006 (Formerly Hot Picks) CLS Opening Day Collections Audit-June 2002 (And Ongoing) The latest book of Jack Welch's that was published, was Jack: Straight from the Gut in eBook format, publisher is Grand Central Publishing. Prior to this was Winning: The Answers: Confronting 74 of the Toughest Questions in Business Today, published by Harper Collins in November 2006. Citation:

R.R. Bowker LLC. (2009). Booksinprint.com professional. Retrieved on October 29 th, 2009 from http://0www.booksinprint.com.www.consuls.org/merge_shared/Search/SearchResult.asp? Criteria1=Author %2FContributor&Action=Search&collection=BIP&QueryMode=Simple&ResultTemplat e=mbbookresult_fl.hts&ScoreThreshold=0&ResultCount=25&SrchFrm=Home&navPag e=1&CriteriaText1=Welch %2C+Jack+&InPrint=InPrint&Forthcoming=Forthcoming&book=book&IMAGE1.x=15 &IMAGE1.y=10&uname=&bipid=E9E690CB0BBC457A94137DF35CE89AA9 Book index with reviews(Electronic resource) BIR (2009).-[ S.I]: EBESCO Publishing Retrieved on Oct. 29th 2009. From: http://0web.ebscohost.com.www.consuls.org/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=9&sid=03c01bced744-45d8-a3fa-2d887d0b882b %40sessionmgr4&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d %3d#db=kdh&AN=BK0006910001 Print Equivalent: Books in Print. (2009). New Providence, N.J: .R.R. Bowker . 5- I need four recent articles on the Readers’ Services in Public Libraries. Published in the past four years. .Analysis: The answer to this kind of questions needs to search for it from database that specializes in library science. At Buley Library databases they have access to Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA) Database, which could be the right database that will have the answer for that question. Search Strategy: –

By logging on Buley library databases, I choose the subject of “library science” to see which available databases in that subject; between the results I thought that Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA) is the suitable one to answer this question.

–

I entered the searchable terms as followed: Library Literature results for: (kw: reader's and kw: services) and ((kw: public and kw: libraries)) and yr: 20072009. The Records found was 6 I chose the best 4 from them .

Answer: The 4 recent articles : 1- Subject Access for Readers' Advisory Services: Their Impact on Contemporary Spanish Fiction in Selected Public Library Collections. Author: Hall-Ellis, Sylvia D. Publication: United States In: Public Library Quarterly v. 27 no1 (2008) p. 1-18 Libraries Worldwide: 357 STATE UNI

SOUTHERN CONNECTICUT

See more details for locating this item

2- Readers for Life: A Reader Development Strategy for Public Library Services

in North West England. Author: Mathieson, Jane. Publication: Australia In: Australasian Public Libraries and Information Services v. 21 no2 (June 2008) p. 84-94 Libraries Worldwide: 522 , View Full Text in PDF format (WilsonSelectPlus)

View Full Text in HTML format

(WilsonSelectPlus)

3- Matching Readers and Books: A Study of the Readers' Advisory Resources Used by Public Librarians in North Carolina. Author: Griffin, Megan A. Dissertation: Thesis (MSLS) Univ of NC at Chapel Hill. See more details for locating this item

4- Basic Reader's Advisory for Manga: Select Popular Titles and Similar Works. Author: Exner, Nina. Publication: United States In: Young Adult Library Services v. 5 no3 (Spring 2007) p. 13-21 Libraries Worldwide: 667 , format (WilsonSelectPlus)

View Full Text in PDF

View Full Text in HTML format (WilsonSelectPlus)

Citation: The results for “ Readers’ Services in Public Libraries 2007- 2009 “,LISTA (2009) Retrieved on Oct. 29, 2009 . From : http://0firstsearch.oclc.org.www.consuls.org/WebZ/FSQUERY? format=BI:next=html/records.html:bad=html/records.html:numrecs=10:sessi onid=fsapp4-55770-g1dqyjifp6a1dw:entitypagenum=2:0:searchtype=advanced Print Equivalent: Periodical examples: Reference Services Review, Reference and User Services Quarterly, and Library Trends.

5- Identify some of the trends in the delivery of Reference Services in using social networking technology. Analysis:

For answering this question by using the available databases in Buley Library, I had to search for that subject terms in the databases that are specialized in library and information technology, There are LISTA and “ Emerald Library Suite” which are available in Buley databases . Search Strategy: 1- I searched for these terms “ trends AND delivery of Reference Services AND social networking technology” in LISTA I found some article that discussing the reference delivery but I couldn’t identify the trends on the delivery of Reference services.

2- I tried searching for these terms in Emerald Library Suite, I found full- text to some articles that discussed that subject: I clicked on the first one Facebook as a social search engine and the implications for libraries in the twenty-first century Answer: This article took Facebook as an example of social networking and these are the results which considered as the recent trends in reference services: “Facebook as a people search engine, yields irrelevant results in response to search queries for unknown persons or groups. Facebook may also fail to provide timely and relevant results when attempting to get information from persons with whom the user has a weak relationship. Findings also indicate the limitations of users functioning as quasi-librarians as it relates to the quality of information retrieval.”

Citation:

Scale, Mark-Shane (2008) Facebook as a social search engine and the implications for libraries in the twenty-first century In Library Hi Tech. Vol. 26, issue 4, 2008.- p. 540 – 556. Print Equivalent: Specialized periodical other library& information science as : Library Trends

5- I need some information for a report I'm doing for a college course. I need to know about the status of women in Germany from a historical perspective say 1848 to post-WWII. Analysis The subject of that question is history, so I need to search Buley databases for the available databases in history, then I found out that Gerritsen Collection: Women's History Online is An international digital library that spans 4 centuries and documents the lives and experiences of women in public and private arenas. And that is the best database to search for” women in Germany”

Search Strategy: 1- After I clicked on “The Gerritson Collection (Women's History) I Searched for: Keyword: "Women" AND "Germany" AND "historical" AND "perspective" AND "1848-" AND "post" AND "1945"

2- I got this encyclopedia Anonymous: Every woman's encylopedia. as the only “book” result for the answer for that question. 3- I tried to search for periodicals with “ Germany” term to search for I got some results. Answer: This student could find whatever he/ she needs of information from these resources: 1- Anonymous: Every woman's encylopedia. London: unknown, 1800, 5963 pages It is eight volumes encyclopedia contain information on a wide range of issues relevant to women's lives including weddings, etiquette, charity, first aid, etc. By searching through the index I found that Germany covered in pages 499, and 560. The answer from the periodical as follows : 1- Anonymous: Women in Germany The woman's journal. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 6, Issue 16 (1875), Page 127 (Go to Periodical Issue) 2- T W H: From Germany and Switzerland The woman's journal. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 9, Issue 36 (1878), Page 281 (Go to Periodical Issue) 3- E C: Hopeful sign in Germany The woman's journal. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 12, Issue 23 (1881), Page 184 (Go to Periodical Issue) Anonymous: Art. II.--Leaders of the women's movement in Germany The Englishwoman's review of social and industrial questions. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 14, Issue 128 (1883), Pages 535-543 (Go to Periodical Issue) 4- Anonymous: Women's work in Germany Work and leisure : a magazine devoted to the interests of women. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 8, Issue 4 (1883), Pages 97-101 (Go to Periodical Issue) 5- Anonymous: Women's work in Germany Work and leisure : a magazine devoted to the interests of women. (Go to Periodical Record) 6- Clara Neymann: Women in Germany The woman's journal. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 15, Issue 45 (1884), Page 357 (Go to Periodical Issue) 7- Frau Kober: What women are doing in Germany Womanhood : the magazine of woman's progress and interests, political, legal, social, and intellectual, and of health and beauty

culture. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 5, Issue 28 (1901), Pages 266-268 (Go to Periodical Issue) 8- Anonymous: Germany. German women's war gift International women's news. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 9, Issue 12 (1915), Page 350 (Go to Periodical Issue) 9- Anonymous: Germany. Married women employees International women's news. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 9, Issue 12 (1915), Page 350 (Go to Periodical Issue) 10-Anonymous: Germany. Women as upper teachers in boys' schools International women's news. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 9, Issue 12 (1915), Pages 350-351 (Go to Periodical Issue) 11-Marie Stritt: Reports from auxiliaries. Germany. The women's conference in Cologne International women's news. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 22, Issue 11 (1928), Pages 171-172 (Go to Periodical Issue) 12-Anonymous: Women's employment in Germany International women's news. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 27, Issue 9 (1933), Pages 69-70 (Go to Periodical Issue) 13-Anonymous: Germany: In January a meeting of French and German women took place at Speyer, seat of the French Military Government of the Palatinate International women's news. (Go to Periodical Record) Volume 42, Issue 7 (1948), Page 106 (Go to Periodical Issue) 1- Citation: [Searching “Women in Germany 1848- after 1945] Gerritson Collection of Women's History (n.d) retrieved on Oct. 29th 2009 Retrieverd from : http://0-gerritsen.chadwyck.com.www.consuls.org/search/search.do Print Equivalent: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (1998). The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

5- Find an explanation of GPS (Global Positioning System), including a definition, a picture of the satellite, and a diagram of how a satellite determines position and time. Analysis: In order to answer that question we need an Article which will provide us with all theses information (definition, a picture of the satellite, and a diagram of how…) this kind of information could be found in major General encyclopedias like The Britannica, which is one of the searchable reference in Buley databases, this information could also be found in subject Encyclopedias, or in special articles in that topic which are searchable with lots of Geographic databases, or Multidisciplinary databases like Academic Search Premier,

Search Strategy: 1- I searched the available databases in Buley : I tried first searching The Britannica using this term( Global Position) I got the definition and some pictures.

2- I tried searching For GPS AND diagram of how a satellite determines position and time. I entered these terms in advanced search boxes of “ Academic Search Premier “ a general database which provide full – text articles I received lots of papers this is one of them, which I had answers definition and diagrams of how the satellite determine the time and position : Cultural geographies in practice.Full Text Available By: Parks, L.. ECUMENE, Apr2001, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p209-222, 14p; (AN 4512521) 3- I tried also The Credo Reference – Science, I used that term “GPS," and found a definition and diagrams. Answer: Definition from Encyclopedia Britannica online: Global Positioning System space-based radio-navigation system that broadcasts highly accurate navigation pulses to users on or near the Earth. In the United States' Navstar GPS, 24 main satellites in 6 orbits circle the Earth every 12 hours. In addition, Russia maintains a constellation called GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System), Another definition from the article in GPS is a hand-held navigational tool that allows users to locate their precise position on the planet. GPS receivers with names like Street Pilot. New GPS watches enable the users to locate themselves in space while telling time, and the GPS camera stamps location data onto photos as new indices of the real, creating a spatial mode of authentication to complement the time imprint. In less than a decade, GPS has become an important technology of personal navigation, providing people with visible displays of their movements through spaces as diverse as the shopping mall, the mountain-top and the interstate

Timego-graphy

From searching Academic search premier

. Global Positioning System Block I satellite diagram indicating avionics equipment. From Encyclopedia of 20th Century Technology.

Picture from the Britannica Citations: 1- GPS. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 30, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://0search.eb.com.www.consuls.org/eb/article-9396001 2- GPS. (2007). In Global Positioning System (GPS). (2005). In Encyclopedia of 20th Century Technology. Retrieved from http://0www.credoreference.com.www.consuls.org/entry/routt/global_positioning_system_gps

3- Parks, L. (2001). Cultural geographies in practice. ECUMENE, 8(2), 209-222. http://search.ebscohost.com Print Equivalent: Encyclopaedia Britannica, (1994) or McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology.

10 - For a high school chemistry presentation, a student needs a picture and biographical information about Marie Curie, A Nobel laureate who discovered radium. Analysis: Searching for biographies of famous people like “Mari Curie” could be found in General encyclopedias, or subject encyclopedias or biographies that specialized in Radium(Physics) Search Strategy I searched for “Mari Curie” in the available databases in Buley, I tried first Encyclopaedia Britannica, I found a biographical essay and pictures. I tried to look for another databases, there is no biographies with pictures. Answer: "born Nov. 7, 1867, Warsaw, Poland, Russian Empire died July 4, 1934, near Sallanches, France née Maria Sklodowska Polish-born French physicist famous for her work on radioactivity and twice a winner of the Nobel Prize. With Henri Becquerel and her husband… Citation: Curie, Marie. (2009). In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved Oct. 30 th 2009, from http://0-search.eb.com.www.consuls.org/eb/article-9028252 . Print Equivalent : Encyclopaedia Britannica(1994) or McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology. (2004). New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962.

11-Can you help me find some guidelines on amounts to tip people who help me when I travel? Analysis: Searching for topic like Tipping could be found in any articles about Etiquette , or traveling or, tourism, it could be found also in Emily Post’s Etiquette.Which isn’t included in Buley databases, so I had to search for that topic through these databases that have access to full- text articles in journals or newspapers in most subjects such as “Academic search premier”

Search Strategy

–

I tried searching this Academic search premier database using these terms” tips AND Tipping AND traveling” I received many articles from different journal/

–

I clicked on the first one which is available in HTML Full Text and got the tips of tipping in an easy questions and answers form. .

Answer:

The first article got the answers for guideline in a type of questions and answers Q: First, the basics. Upon arriving at a hotel, who gets what? A: The first person you may encounter is the doorman, whose basic job is to open the door and get the bellman. There is no need to tip for this service. If, however, he helps you into the hotel, carries your bags, or performs some other extra service, he should be tipped $1 to $2. Then you'll need to tip the bellman that takes charge of your bags and brings them up to the room -- $1 per bag is standard. If you get a full tour of the room -- how the lights work, where the ice is, how to call the front desk -- tip an extra $1 or $2 depending on the level of service. Q: What about the guy who parks your car? A: The parking valets should receive $1 to $2 every time they retrieve the car. Q: Only when they retrieve the car? Isn't that unfair to the poor guy who has to take it away? A: The parking valets are expecting to be tipped at the end. Even if the person who retrieves your car isn't the same one who took it, they're all going to retrieve as many cars as they take away, so it all evens out. Now, if you have a special request (upon arriving), such as you want the car to always be in shade, you should give a $5 tip up front. Q: Is there a "cool way" to hand over the cash? A: You should have the tip money ready and in an easily accessible place. Hand the money directly to the person while making eye contact and saying thank you. Remember that a tip is a way of saying thanks for someone's help; it doesn't need to be slipped to someone on the sly or presented with a loud flourish. Q: Tipping is optional, right? So why do it? A: You tip to thank someone for their help or because they've performed a service for you. Service industry workers depend on tips to round out their wages -- this is considered part of their wages -- which makes you an integral part of the economic circle. Tipping greases the wheels that make your life move. If you tip the right people at the right time, a lot of life's little obstacles suddenly disappear. Q: Is there a tipping strategy to maximize such a payoff? A: There is a school of thought that says an initial large tip at the beginning of your stay may get you more attentive service. If (you buy this), consider giving doormen, valets, bellhops

approximately $10 after you first check in. (But) try to assess whether these will be people that you will be dealing with for the duration of your visit. If the doorman is going on vacation the next day, this type of tipping won't help you. Citation: 1- Moreau, D., & Kainen, B. (1990). The modern art of tipping. Changing Times, 44(7), 51. http://search.ebscohost.com 2- Sloan, Gene (2002) The tipping point: Gratuity advice for travelers:. USA Today, 06/21/2002; (AN J0E187731635802) accessed on Oct. 30, 2009 from http://search.ebscohost.com

Print Equivalent Post, Peggy. (1997). Emily Post’s Etiquette (16th ed.). New York: Harper Collins.

11-Could you help me find how letters are represented in the Braille alphabet? Analysis: This ready reference question needs to be answered by a General or subject encyclopedia, Buley have The Britannica online, and this is the one I use it to find the answer to that question. Search Strategy: –

I used the encyclopedia Britannica online which is one of the Buley databases to search for these terms” Braille AND alphabet AND letter.

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The first hit was titled Braille, after I clicked on the link I found an article about that , it include a helpful figure and details on how the letter represented in Braille

Answer:

“ To aid in identifying the 63 different dot patterns, or characters, that are possible within the six-dot cell, Braille numbered the dot positions 1–2–3 downward on the left and 4–5–6 downward on the right. The illustration shows the formation of each cell and its simplest designated meaning. The first 10 letters of the alphabet are

formed with dots 1, 2, 4, and 5. When preceded by the numeric indicator diagrammed in line 6, these signs have number values. The letters k through t are formed by adding dot 3 to the signs in line 1. Five of the remaining letters of the alphabet and five very common words are formed by adding dots 3 and 6 to the signs in line 1. When dot 6 is added to the first 10 letters, the letter w and 9 common letter combinations are formed (see line 4). Punctuation marks and two additional common letter combinations are made by placing the signs in line 1 in dot positions 2, 3, 5, and 6 (line 5). Three final letter combinations, the numeric indicator, and two more punctuation marks are formed with dots 3, 4, 5, and 6 as shown in line 6. The last seven dot patterns indicated in line 7 are formed by dots 4, 5, and 6 and have no true equivalents in ordinary written language. Like the numeric indicator, these signs serve as modifiers when placed before any of the other signs. Through the application of this principle, the various signs can function in multiple ways. For example, dot 5 added before the sign for the letter d forms the Braille contraction for “day.” –

Another answer with better resolution picture available in citation no. 2

“ The alphabet and the digits 0–9 in the modern Braille system. Each letter or digit consists of six “cells” that are either embossed or left blank to form a unique pattern. Large dots indicate raised cells; smaller dots indicate cells that are left blank”. Citation: 1- Braille. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved on October 31, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://0search.eb.com.www.consuls.org/eb/article-9016176 2- Braille. (2009) Retrieved on October 31, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://0-search.eb.com.www.consuls.org/eb/art-66018

Print Equivalent Encyclopaedia Britannica(1994) 11-I need to write an article about the Olympic torch and its origin. Provide information about the torch and the location of the 2008 Olympic torch today. Analysis: This ready reference question could be referred to encyclopedia, it needs articles about each topic of these question.

Search Strategy: I choose Britannica on line from Buley, I searched these terms” olympics AND torch, AND 2008 . I also tried these terms and found information on the event and the founder. In Buley's subscription database Gale Virtual Reference Library, I searched for eunice shriver and found her biography. Answer: –

About the torch and it origin I found these information through one of the article in the encyclopedia Britannica:

“Contrary to popular belief, the torch relay from the temple of Hera in Olympia to the host city has no predecessor or parallel in antiquity. No relay was needed to run the torch from Olympia to Olympia. A perpetual fire was indeed maintained in Hera's temple, but it had no role in the ancient Games. The Olympic flame first appeared at the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam. The torch relay was the idea of Carl Diem, organizer of the 1936 Berlin Games, where the relay made its debut. Subsequent editions have grown larger and larger, with more runners, more spectators, and greater distances. The 2004 relay reached all seven continents on its way from Olympia to Athens. The relay is now one of the most splendid and cherished of all Olympic rituals; it emphasizes not only the ancient source of the Olympics but also the internationalism of the modern Games. The flame is now recognized everywhere as an emotionally charged symbol of peace? – About the torch and the location of the 2008 Olympic torch today, I found another article in the Britannica online. Citation: 1. Olympic Games. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 30, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://0search.eb.com.www.consuls.org/eb/article-249560 2. Beijing 2008 Olympic Games: Mount Olympus Meets the Middle Kingdom. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 30, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://0search.eb.com.www.consuls.org/eb/article-277322 Print Equivalent: Gale's Biography and Genealogy Master Index or Encyclopaedia Britannica.

11- When was daylight savings time introduced in the U.S.?

Analysis: This ready reference question needs to be answered by an almanac which includes a calendar with information about when. Search Strategy: – I tried to look for these terms “ daylight savings time AND U.S through the searching box of the Britannica online. – I received an article that has the answer. Answer:

“The practice was first suggested in a whimsical essay by Benjamin Franklin in 1784. In 1907 an Englishman, William Willett, campaigned for setting the clock ahead by 80 minutes in four moves of 20 minutes each during April and the reverse in September. In 1909 the British House of Commons rejected a bill to advance the clock by one hour in the spring and return to Greenwich Mean Time in the autumn. “ Citation: Daylight Saving Time. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 31, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://0search.eb.com.www.consuls.org/eb/article-9029565 Print Equivalent: Encyclopaedia Britannica.(1994)