Rcd

Admixture – Material other than water, aggregate, or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties. Aggregate – Granular materials such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, and iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementing medium to form a hydraulic cement concrete or mortar. Aggregate Lightweight – Aggregate with a dry, loose weight of 1100 kg/m³ or less. Anchorage – In post-tensioning, a device used to anchor tendon to concrete member, in pre-tensioning, a device used to anchor tendon during hardening of concrete. Bonded tendon – Prestressing tendon that is bonded to concrete either directly or through grouting. Column – Member with a ratio of height-to-least lateral dimension of 3 or greater used primarily to support axial compressive load. Composite concrete flexural members – concrete flexural members of precast and/or cast-in-place concrete elements constructed in separate placements but so interconnected that all elements respond to loads as a unit. Concrete – Mixture of Portland cement or any other hydraulic cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water, with or without admixtures. Concrete, specified compressive strength of (f’c) – Compressive strength of concrete used in design expressed in megapascals (MPa). Whenever the quantity f’c is under a radical sign, square root of the numerical value only intended, and result has units of megapascals (MPa). Concrete, structural lightweight – Concrete containing lightweight aggregate and has an air-dry unit weight not exceeding 1900 kg/m³. Lightweight concrete without natural sand is termed as all-light weight concrete and lightweight concrete in which of the fine aggregate consists of normal weight sand is termed sand-lightweight concrete. Curvature friction – Friction resulting from bends or curves in the specified prestressing tendon profile. Deformed reinforcement – Deformed reinforcing bars, bar mats, deformed wire, welded plain wire fabric, and welded deformed wire fabric. Effective depth of section (d) – Distance measured from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement. Effective prestress – Stress remaining in prestressing tendons after all losses has occurred, excluding effects of dead load and superimposed load. Embedment length – Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section.

Jacking force – In prestressed concrete, temporary force exerted by device that introduces tension into prestressing tendons. Load, dead DL – Dead weight supported by a member.

Load, factored – Load multiplied by appropriate load factors, used to proportion members by the strength design method. Modulus of Elasticity – Ratio of normal stress to corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below proportional limit of material. Modulus, apparent (concrete) – Also known as long-term modulus, is determined by using the stress and strains obtained after the load has been applied for a certain length of time. Pedestal – Upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral dimensions of less than 3. Plain Concrete – Concrete that does not conform to definition of reinforced concrete. Plain Reinforcement – Reinforcement that does not conform to definition of deformed reinforcement. PostTensioning – Method of prestressing in which tendons are tensioned after the concrete has hardened. Precast Concrete – Plain or reinforced concrete element cast elsewhere than its final position in the structure. Prestressed Concrete – Reinforced concrete in which internal stresses have been introduced to reduce potential tensile stresses in concrete resulting from loads. Pretensioning – Method of prestressing in which tendons are tensioned before concrete is placed. Reinforced Concrete – Concrete reinforced with no less than the minimum amount required by the code, prestressed on nonprestressed, and designed on the assumption that the two materials act together in resisting forces. Spiral Reinforcement – Continuously round reinforcement in the form of a cylindrical helix. Stirrup – Reinforcement used to resist shear and torsion stresses in a structural member: typically bars, wires or welded fabric (smooth or deformed) either single leg or bent into L, U, or rectangular shapes and located perpendicular to or at an angle to longitudinal reinforcement. (The term “stirrups” is usually applied to lateral reinforcement in flexural members and the term “ties” to those in compression members.) See also Tie. Strength Design – Normal strength multiplied by a strength reduction factor, ϕ. Strength, nominal – Strength of a member or cross-section before application of any strength reduction factors. Strength, required – Strength of a member or cross-section required to resist factored loads or related internal moments and forces in such combinations. Tendon – Loop of reinforcing bar or wire enclosing longitudinal reinforcement. See also stirrup. Transfer – Act of transferring stress in prestressing tendons from jacks or Pretensioning bed to concrete member.

Wall – Member, usually vertical, used to enclose or separate spaces. Yield Strength – Specified minimum yield strength or yield point of reinforcement in MPa.