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Review of Related Studies and Literature This unit contains several literatures, ideas and previous studies that have relevance on the present study. These different resource materials were reviewed, sought and compared to the present study to seek improvement on the existing inspection layout.

Articles A literature review on global occupational safety and health practice & accidents severity This literature review focuses on researches undertaken since 1980s onwards. The purpose of the study is to identify existing gaps on workplace safety and health management and propose future research areas. The review adds value to existing electronic database through integration of researches' results. To identify existing gaps, a systematic literature review approach has been used. The reviews were undertaken through keywords and safety related topics. In the literature, various characteristics of workplace safety and health problems were found emanating from the lack of operational activities of the employees, internal working environment and external environment those impose hazards on employee temporarily, permanently and on working environments. The integration of multidisciplinary approaches and collaborative model of hub and peripheral industries to protect workplace safety hazards to develop multilevel model has been undermined in many researches. Jilcha & Kitaw (2016) International Journal for Quality Research retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net

Safety Science Safety Science, like its predecessor, the Journal of Occupational Accidents, serves as an international medium for research in the science and technology of human safety. It extends from safety of people at work to other spheres, such as transport, leisure and home, as well as every other field of man's hazardous activities. Safety Science is multidisciplinary. Its contributors and its audience range from psychologists to chemical engineers. The journal covers the physics and engineering of safety; its social, policy and organisational aspects; the management of risks; the effectiveness of control techniques for safety; standardization, legislation, inspection, insurance, costing aspects and the like.Safety Science will enable academic researchers, engineers and decision makers in companies, government agencies and international bodies, to augment their information level on the latest trends in the field, from policy makers and management scientists to transport engineers. Elsevier (2000) Safety Science

Books Increase confidence with documented health & safety management Safeguarding and maintaining health & safety in the workplace is an important prerequisite for motivated and productive working processes, both for employers and employees. The new ISO 45001 standard for occupational health & safety management will supersede OHSAS 18001, the previous standard for occupational health & safety, and will minimize the risk of damage to health and accidents in the workplace. By following a systematic standard for your occupational health & safety protection according to ISO 45001, sources of errors and risks can be identified and eliminated or

minimized. By means of certification of your occupational protection management you will thus significantly reduce the number of occupational accidents, regardless of your industry or the size of your company, and you will simultaneously fulfil legal and official requirements. You will therefore not only increase the confidence of your employees, you will also reinforce your positive reputation with clients, business partners and the authorities. This creates a valuable competitive advantage for you. TÜV Rheinland (2019) Occupational health & safety ISO 45001 retrieved from: https://www.tuv.com

Safety Professionals as culture change agent This chapter promotes the idea that the overarching role of a safety professional is that of a culture change agent. The case will be made that every proposal made by a safety professional improvement in an occupational safety management system pertains to a deficiency in a system or process. And the deficiency can be corrected only if there is a modification in an organization’s culture – a modification in a way things get done, a modification in the system of expected performance. Thus, the primary role of a safety professional is that of a culture change agent. Manuele (2006) Advanced Safety Management: Focusing on Z10 and Serious Injury Prevention retrieved from: https://books.google.com.ph

Theses There is a rich literature on the role that precarious work situations (including subcontracting and temporary labour) play in health disparities, but research on occupational health outcomes and work arrangements in horticulture is limited, and few studies in the wider literature have

explored whether these arrangements affect hazardous substance exposures. This study assists in filling this gap by describing how work arrangements, particularly subcontracting and temporary employment, are associated with factors related to pesticide exposure and to worker perceptions of pesticide exposure in two countries with similar regulatory regimes: Australia and the United Kingdom. Data are drawn from 67 semi-structured interviews with horticultural fieldworkers, employers, labour providers, and industry, union and government representatives. The regulatory frameworks were compared and real or perceived impacts of regulations on occupational health and safety (OHS) outcomes were examined. Bambford A. (2015) The influence of work arrangements on occupational health and safety: a study of Australian and United Kingdom horticulture retrieved from: http://dissertation.com (Accession no. 1059392) Safety impacts on the lives of every person, every day, at home, travelling to work, at work and in recreation. Unfortunately, at times when safety breaks down people get injured and sometimes are killed. Work is an all too common place where these break downs occur. Every year in Australia, hundreds of people die at work and many more are permanently disabled; their lives and the lives of those around them will never be the same again. There have been many approaches by state and federal governments, unions and organisations to try and reduce this avoidable financial and moral cost to both society and workers alike. There are acts and regulations in every state with strict rules and harsh penalties for non-compliance. There are thousands of pages of associated codes of practice, guidelines and standards that support these legal requirements. Unions have worked hard for many years to push occupational health and safety through governments and organisations. Organisations have implemented many procedures, policies and standards themselves recognising the huge financial and legal exposure of poor safety. There has been many days of safety training both internally and externally

provided to thousands of employees, which continues every day. Safety leadership has been driven through many large organisations to ensure management and employees alike understand the importance and reason for safety. Verhagen C. (2014) Achieving best practice in OHS: improving Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) by the application of knowledge management principles (Accession no. 1059944)

Newspaper

Safety management system in automotive and energy industries The findings provide a description of the process of how an integrated safety management system is implemented and reports results such as the following. The two leading companies apparently share many common practices, elements, and success factors. They include safety culture (empowerment, behaviour, communication, etc.), system and structure (processes, instruction, documentations, records, etc.), and use of external influences (e.g. safety audits by international partners and customers) to sustain the safety management system. This study should inform executives and managers who are concerned with how to prepare an organization when attempting to adapt to Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems 18000 and subsequently to ISO 26000. Building a strong safety culture should be considered as the foundation, while relying on regulatory compliance and enforcement alone is not adequate. Phusavat, Vongvitayapirom, Kess & Lin, (2017) "Safety management system in automotive and energy industries", International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol. 34 Issue: 4, pp.569-580, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-08-2012-0116

A risk management model to assess safety and reliability risks Evaluating project proposals with respect to safety and reliability objectives is extremely complex. Several tangible as well as intangible factors need to be considered. Also, most often these factors are difficult to measure objectively because of their nature and the lack of factual data and information. In addition, they involve uncertainties and risk. The project managers need to enumerate systematically all potential risk factors affecting the safety and reliability objectives of the project, determine the consequences and the impact of their severity, assess the likelihood of the occurrence of these consequences, and select the best course of action to contain and control risks in order to meet the specified project objectives. Develops such a framework by integrating system hazard analysis with the core elements of the risk management process (RMP) to assess potential risks and to evaluate response actions to control and manage the identified risks to satisfy the predetermined safety and reliability objectives. V.M. Rao Tummala, Y.H. Leung, (1996) "A risk management model to assess safety and reliability risks", International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol. 13 Issue: 8, pp.53-62, https://doi.org/10.1108/02656719610128493