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Rainbow From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon that causes a nearly continuous spectrum of light to appear in the sky when the sun shines onto falling rain. It is a multicoloured arc with red on the outside and violet on the inside. The full sequence of colours is most commonly cited as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, Rainbow arching over a paddock of cattle. though it is important to note that this is an inconsistent list; all primary and secondary colours are present in some form, but only one A rainbow arches over Florida. tertiary. It is commonly thought that indigo was included due to the different religious connotations of the numbers six and seven at the time of Isaac Newton's work on light, despite its lack of scientific significance and the poor ability of humans to distinguish colours in the blue portion of the visual spectrum. The rainbow effect can be observed whenever there are water drops in the air and sunlight shining from behind the observer at a low altitude or angle. The most spectacular rainbow displays when half of the sky is still dark with draining clouds and the observer is at a spot with clear sky overhead. Another common place to see the rainbow effect is near waterfalls. Rainbow fringes can sometimes be seen at the edges of backlit clouds and as vertical bands in distant rain or virga. The effect can also be artificially created by dispersing water droplets into the air during a sunny day. In a very few cases, a moonbow, or night-time rainbow, can be seen on strongly moonlit nights. As human visual perception for colour in low light is poor, moonbows are perceived to be white.
Contents
1 Physics of rainbows 2 Rainbows in religion and mythology 3 Rainbows in literature 4 Remembering the sequence of colours 5 See also 6 References 7 External links
Physics of rainbows The rainbow's appearance is caused by dispersion of sunlight as it is refracted by (approximately spherical) raindrops. The light is first refracted as it enters the surface of the raindrop, reflects off the back of the drop, and is again refracted as it leaves the drop. The overall effect is that the incoming light is reflected back over a wide range of angles, with the most intense light at an angle of about 40°–42°, regardless of the size of the drop. Since the water of the raindrops is dispersive, the amount that the sunlight is bent depends upon the wavelength (colour) of the light's constituent parts. Blue light is refracted at a greater angle than red light, but because the area of the back
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
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Rainbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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of the droplet has a focal point inside the droplet, the spectra crosses itself, and thus the red light appears higher in the sky, and forms the outer colour of the rainbow. Contrary to popular belief, the light at the back of the raindrop does not undergo total internal reflection; however, light that emerges from the back of the raindrop does not create a rainbow between the observer and the sun. This is because the emitted spectra there do not have a maximum of intensity, as the other visible rainbows do. Thus the colours blend together and do not form any rainbow.
Light rays enter from one direction (typically a straight line from the sun), reflect off the back of the raindrop, and fan out as they leave the raindrop. The light leaving the rainbow is spread over a wide angle, with a maximum intensity around 40°–42°.
White light separates into different colours the raindrop, as red light is refracted by a l On leaving the raindrop, the red rays hav angle than the blue rays, produ
A rainbow does not actually exist at a location in the sky, but is an optical phenomenon whose apparent position depends on the observer's location. All raindrops refract and reflect the sunlight in the same way, but only the light from some raindrops reaches the observer's eye. These raindrops are perceived to constitute the rainbow by that observer. Its position is always in the opposite direction of the sun with respect to the observer, and the interior is slightly brighter than the exterior. The bow is centred on the shadow of the observer's head, or more exactly at the antisolar point (which is below the horizon during the daytime), appearing at an angle of approximately 40°–42° to the line between the observer's head and its shadow (this means that if the sun is higher than 42° the rainbow is below the horizon and cannot be seen unless the observer is at the top of a mountain or a similar vantage point). Similarly it is difficult to photograph the complete arc of a rainbow, which would require an angle of view of 84°. For a 35 mm camera, a lens with a focal length of 19 mm or less would be required, whilst most photographers are only likely to have a 28 mm wide-angle lens. From an aeroplane one has the opportunity to see the whole circle of the rainbow, with the plane's shadow in the centre. Sometimes, a second, dimmer rainbow is seen outside the primary bow, caused by a double reflection of the sunlight inside the raindrops, and appears at an angle of 50°–53°. Because of the extra reflection, the colours of the bow are inverted compared to the primary bow, with blue on the outside and red on the inside. Alexander's band is an area of unlit sky lying between the primary and secondary bows.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
10-11-2005
Rainbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Some light reflects twice inside the raindrop before exiting to the viewer. When the incident light is very bright this can be seen as a secondary rainbow, brightest at 50°–53°.
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A double rainbow features reversed co (secondary) bow.
A triple rainbow is even more rarely seen. A few observers have reported seeing quadruple rainbows in which a dim outermost arc had a rippling and pulsating appearance. These rainbows would appear on the same side of the sky as the sun, making them harder to spot. Occasionally, another beautiful and striking rainbow phenomenon could be observed, consisting of several faint rainbows on the inner side of the primary rainbow, and very rarely also outside the secondary rainbow. They are slightly detached and have pastel colour bands that do not fit the usual pattern. They are known as supernumerary rainbows (http://www.sundog.clara.co.uk/rainbows/supers.htm), and their very existence was historically a first indication of the wave nature of light. Other rainbow variants are ones produced when the sunlight reflects off a body of water before reaching the raindrops. This produces a reflection rainbow A contrast enhanced photograph (http://www.sundog.clara.co.uk/rainbows/reflect.htm) which shares the same of a supernumerary rainbow, endpoints as the normal one but encompasses a far greater arc when all of it is with additional green and purple arcs inside the primary bow. visible. Reflection rainbows can exist for both the primary and secondary. A reflected rainbow is produced when light that has been reflected inside the raindrops reflects off a body of water before reaching the observer. It is not a mirror image of the primary, being displaced from it to a degree dependent on the sun's altitude. In the image below both types can be seen. The reflection rainbow is faintly visible curving between the primary and secondary, and the reflected rainbow can be seen in the water.
Primary and secondary rainbows
The Persian astronomer Qutb al-Din alShirazi is thought to have first given a fairly accurate explanation for the rainbow phenomenon. Theodoric of Freiberg is also known to have given an accurate theoretical explanation of the rainbow in 1307; he postulated that when sunlight falls on individual drops of moisture, the rays undergo two
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
Half circle rainbow
10-11-2005
Rainbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Side 4 af 6
refractions (upon ingress and egress) and one reflection (at the back side of the drop) before transmission into the eye of the observer" (quoted from David C, Lindberg, “Roger Bacon’s Theory of the Rainbow: Progress or Regress?”, Isis, Vol. 57, no. 2, p. 236.).
are visible, as well as a reflected primary and a faintly visible reflection primary
Descartes, in 1637, further advanced this explanation. Knowing that the size of raindrops didn't appear to affect the observed rainbow, he experimented with passing rays of light through a large glass sphere filled with water. By measuring the angles that the rays emerged, he concluded that the primary bow was caused by a single internal reflection inside the raindrop and that a secondary bow could be caused by two internal reflections. He was able to back this up with a derivation of the law of refraction (subsequently, but independently of Snell) and correctly calculated the angles for both bows. However, he was unable to explain the colours. Isaac Newton was the first to demonstrate that white light was composed of the light of all the colours of the rainbow, which a glass prism could split into the full spectrum of colours. He also showed that red light gets refracted less than blue light, which led to the first scientific explanation of the major rainbow features. Advances in computational methods and optical theory continue to lead to a fuller understanding of rainbows. The article by Nussenzveig listed in the references provides a modern overview.
Rainbows in religion and mythology Main article: Rainbows in mythology The rainbow has a place in legend due to its beauty and the difficulty in explaining the phenomenon before Galileo's treatise on the properties of light. A rainbow from horizon to horizon
In Greek mythology, it is a path made by a messenger (Iris) between Earth and Heaven. In the Hebrew Bible, the rainbow is a symbol of the covenant between God and man, and God's promise to Noah that He would never again flood the entire Earth. The Irish leprechaun's secret hiding place for his crock of gold is usually said The end of a rainbow to be at the end of the rainbow. In Chinese mythology, the rainbow was a slit in the sky sealed by Goddess Nüwa using stones of five different colours. In Hindu mythology, the rainbow is called Indradhanush—meaning the bow of Indra, the God of lightning and thunder. In Norse Mythology, a rainbow called the Bifrost Bridge connects the realms of Ásgard and Midgard, homes of the gods and humans, respectively.
Rainbows in literature The rainbow has also been used in more contemporary settings, such as the song "Over the Rainbow" in the musical film The Wizard of Oz, and in selling Lucky Charms by alluding heavily to leprechaun mythology. One of the poems of William Wordsworth goes...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
10-11-2005
Rainbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Side 5 af 6
My heart A rainbow at the base of the Lower Falls of the leaps up Yellowstone River when I behold A rainbow in the sky: So was it when my life began; So is it now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old, Or let me die!... However, the Newtonian deconstruction of the rainbow is said to have provoked John Keats to lament....
Rainbows can often be seen in the spray and mist coming from larger waterfalls, as here at Takakkaw Falls, Canada.
Do not all charms fly At the mere touch of cold philosophy? There was an awful rainbow once in heaven: We know her woof, her texture; she is given In the dull catalogue of common things. Philosophy will clip an Angel’s wings, Conquer all mysteries by rule and line, Empty the haunted air, and gnomed mine Unweave a rainbow In contrast to this is Richard Dawkins; talking about his book Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder ..... "My title is from Keats, who believed that Newton had destroyed all the poetry of the rainbow by reducing it to the prismatic colours. Keats could hardly have been more wrong, and my aim is to guide all who are tempted by a similar view, towards the opposite conclusion. Science is, or ought to be, the inspiration for great poetry."
Remembering the sequence of colours A traditional way of recalling each of the seven colours of the rainbow in sequence is by using the mnemonic "Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain", where the first letter of each word corresponds to the first letter of each colour. The mnemonic alludes to the defeat of Richard III by Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth Field. In York, an alternative version is taught that goes "[[Rowntrees]] Of York Gave Best In Value" Another, less obvious, though more common way is the use of the meaningless name Roy G. Biv. This method is purely phonetic. Finally, some humourous examples exist, including "Ring Out Your Granny's Boots In Vinegar" A drawback to all these methods is that they include the colour of indigo between blue and violet, though most modern rainbow definitions do not include that as a distinct colour. Since rainbows are composed of a nearly continuous spectrum, different people, most notably across different cultures, identify different numbers of colours in rainbows.
See also
Optical phenomenon Glory Sun dog Moonbow
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
10-11-2005
Rainbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Side 6 af 6
Rainbows in mythology
References
Robert Greenler, Rainbows, Halos, and Glories, (1980) ISBN 0-521-38865-1 Raymond L. Lee and Alastair B. Fraser, The Rainbow Bridge: Rainbows in Art, Myth and Science, (2001) Penn. State University Press and SPIE Press ISBN 0-271-01977-8 David K. Lynch & William Livingston, "Color and Light in Nature", 2nd edition (2001) ISBN 0-521-775043 M.G.J. Minnaert, "Light and Color in the Outdoors", 1995 ISBN 0-387-97935-2 M. Minnaert, "The Nature of Light and Color in the Open Air", 1973 ISBN 0-486-20196-1 Naylor, John, "Out of the Blue", 2002, ISBN 0-521-80925-8 Nussenzveig, H. Moyses, “The Theory of the Rainbow,” Scientific American 236 (1977), 116
External links
Creation of a false rainbow (http://www.afoundation.com/independent/cammelllairds/marcquinn.html) Lez Cowly's Atmospheric Optics (http://www.sundog.clara.co.uk/atoptics/phenom.htm) Beverly T. Lynds' About Rainbows (http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/staff/blynds/rnbw.html) Blake Ebersole's Rainbow Science (http://www.rainbowlight.net/elemsci.htm) Supernumerary and Multiple Rainbows (http://www.jal.cc.il.us/~mikolajsawicki/rainbows.htm)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow" Categories: Optics | Meteorology | Optical phenomena
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
This page was last modified 07:48, 8 November 2005. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (see Copyrights for details). Privacy policy
10-11-2005
Side 1 af 6
Rainbow From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon that causes a nearly continuous spectrum of light to appear in the sky when the sun shines onto falling rain. It is a multicoloured arc with red on the outside and violet on the inside. The full sequence of colours is most commonly cited as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, Rainbow arching over a paddock of cattle. though it is important to note that this is an inconsistent list; all primary and secondary colours are present in some form, but only one A rainbow arches over Florida. tertiary. It is commonly thought that indigo was included due to the different religious connotations of the numbers six and seven at the time of Isaac Newton's work on light, despite its lack of scientific significance and the poor ability of humans to distinguish colours in the blue portion of the visual spectrum. The rainbow effect can be observed whenever there are water drops in the air and sunlight shining from behind the observer at a low altitude or angle. The most spectacular rainbow displays when half of the sky is still dark with draining clouds and the observer is at a spot with clear sky overhead. Another common place to see the rainbow effect is near waterfalls. Rainbow fringes can sometimes be seen at the edges of backlit clouds and as vertical bands in distant rain or virga. The effect can also be artificially created by dispersing water droplets into the air during a sunny day. In a very few cases, a moonbow, or night-time rainbow, can be seen on strongly moonlit nights. As human visual perception for colour in low light is poor, moonbows are perceived to be white.
Contents
1 Physics of rainbows 2 Rainbows in religion and mythology 3 Rainbows in literature 4 Remembering the sequence of colours 5 See also 6 References 7 External links
Physics of rainbows The rainbow's appearance is caused by dispersion of sunlight as it is refracted by (approximately spherical) raindrops. The light is first refracted as it enters the surface of the raindrop, reflects off the back of the drop, and is again refracted as it leaves the drop. The overall effect is that the incoming light is reflected back over a wide range of angles, with the most intense light at an angle of about 40°–42°, regardless of the size of the drop. Since the water of the raindrops is dispersive, the amount that the sunlight is bent depends upon the wavelength (colour) of the light's constituent parts. Blue light is refracted at a greater angle than red light, but because the area of the back
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
10-11-2005
Rainbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Side 2 af 6
of the droplet has a focal point inside the droplet, the spectra crosses itself, and thus the red light appears higher in the sky, and forms the outer colour of the rainbow. Contrary to popular belief, the light at the back of the raindrop does not undergo total internal reflection; however, light that emerges from the back of the raindrop does not create a rainbow between the observer and the sun. This is because the emitted spectra there do not have a maximum of intensity, as the other visible rainbows do. Thus the colours blend together and do not form any rainbow.
Light rays enter from one direction (typically a straight line from the sun), reflect off the back of the raindrop, and fan out as they leave the raindrop. The light leaving the rainbow is spread over a wide angle, with a maximum intensity around 40°–42°.
White light separates into different colours the raindrop, as red light is refracted by a l On leaving the raindrop, the red rays hav angle than the blue rays, produ
A rainbow does not actually exist at a location in the sky, but is an optical phenomenon whose apparent position depends on the observer's location. All raindrops refract and reflect the sunlight in the same way, but only the light from some raindrops reaches the observer's eye. These raindrops are perceived to constitute the rainbow by that observer. Its position is always in the opposite direction of the sun with respect to the observer, and the interior is slightly brighter than the exterior. The bow is centred on the shadow of the observer's head, or more exactly at the antisolar point (which is below the horizon during the daytime), appearing at an angle of approximately 40°–42° to the line between the observer's head and its shadow (this means that if the sun is higher than 42° the rainbow is below the horizon and cannot be seen unless the observer is at the top of a mountain or a similar vantage point). Similarly it is difficult to photograph the complete arc of a rainbow, which would require an angle of view of 84°. For a 35 mm camera, a lens with a focal length of 19 mm or less would be required, whilst most photographers are only likely to have a 28 mm wide-angle lens. From an aeroplane one has the opportunity to see the whole circle of the rainbow, with the plane's shadow in the centre. Sometimes, a second, dimmer rainbow is seen outside the primary bow, caused by a double reflection of the sunlight inside the raindrops, and appears at an angle of 50°–53°. Because of the extra reflection, the colours of the bow are inverted compared to the primary bow, with blue on the outside and red on the inside. Alexander's band is an area of unlit sky lying between the primary and secondary bows.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
10-11-2005
Rainbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Some light reflects twice inside the raindrop before exiting to the viewer. When the incident light is very bright this can be seen as a secondary rainbow, brightest at 50°–53°.
Side 3 af 6
A double rainbow features reversed co (secondary) bow.
A triple rainbow is even more rarely seen. A few observers have reported seeing quadruple rainbows in which a dim outermost arc had a rippling and pulsating appearance. These rainbows would appear on the same side of the sky as the sun, making them harder to spot. Occasionally, another beautiful and striking rainbow phenomenon could be observed, consisting of several faint rainbows on the inner side of the primary rainbow, and very rarely also outside the secondary rainbow. They are slightly detached and have pastel colour bands that do not fit the usual pattern. They are known as supernumerary rainbows (http://www.sundog.clara.co.uk/rainbows/supers.htm), and their very existence was historically a first indication of the wave nature of light. Other rainbow variants are ones produced when the sunlight reflects off a body of water before reaching the raindrops. This produces a reflection rainbow A contrast enhanced photograph (http://www.sundog.clara.co.uk/rainbows/reflect.htm) which shares the same of a supernumerary rainbow, endpoints as the normal one but encompasses a far greater arc when all of it is with additional green and purple arcs inside the primary bow. visible. Reflection rainbows can exist for both the primary and secondary. A reflected rainbow is produced when light that has been reflected inside the raindrops reflects off a body of water before reaching the observer. It is not a mirror image of the primary, being displaced from it to a degree dependent on the sun's altitude. In the image below both types can be seen. The reflection rainbow is faintly visible curving between the primary and secondary, and the reflected rainbow can be seen in the water.
Primary and secondary rainbows
The Persian astronomer Qutb al-Din alShirazi is thought to have first given a fairly accurate explanation for the rainbow phenomenon. Theodoric of Freiberg is also known to have given an accurate theoretical explanation of the rainbow in 1307; he postulated that when sunlight falls on individual drops of moisture, the rays undergo two
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
Half circle rainbow
10-11-2005
Rainbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Side 4 af 6
refractions (upon ingress and egress) and one reflection (at the back side of the drop) before transmission into the eye of the observer" (quoted from David C, Lindberg, “Roger Bacon’s Theory of the Rainbow: Progress or Regress?”, Isis, Vol. 57, no. 2, p. 236.).
are visible, as well as a reflected primary and a faintly visible reflection primary
Descartes, in 1637, further advanced this explanation. Knowing that the size of raindrops didn't appear to affect the observed rainbow, he experimented with passing rays of light through a large glass sphere filled with water. By measuring the angles that the rays emerged, he concluded that the primary bow was caused by a single internal reflection inside the raindrop and that a secondary bow could be caused by two internal reflections. He was able to back this up with a derivation of the law of refraction (subsequently, but independently of Snell) and correctly calculated the angles for both bows. However, he was unable to explain the colours. Isaac Newton was the first to demonstrate that white light was composed of the light of all the colours of the rainbow, which a glass prism could split into the full spectrum of colours. He also showed that red light gets refracted less than blue light, which led to the first scientific explanation of the major rainbow features. Advances in computational methods and optical theory continue to lead to a fuller understanding of rainbows. The article by Nussenzveig listed in the references provides a modern overview.
Rainbows in religion and mythology Main article: Rainbows in mythology The rainbow has a place in legend due to its beauty and the difficulty in explaining the phenomenon before Galileo's treatise on the properties of light. A rainbow from horizon to horizon
In Greek mythology, it is a path made by a messenger (Iris) between Earth and Heaven. In the Hebrew Bible, the rainbow is a symbol of the covenant between God and man, and God's promise to Noah that He would never again flood the entire Earth. The Irish leprechaun's secret hiding place for his crock of gold is usually said The end of a rainbow to be at the end of the rainbow. In Chinese mythology, the rainbow was a slit in the sky sealed by Goddess Nüwa using stones of five different colours. In Hindu mythology, the rainbow is called Indradhanush—meaning the bow of Indra, the God of lightning and thunder. In Norse Mythology, a rainbow called the Bifrost Bridge connects the realms of Ásgard and Midgard, homes of the gods and humans, respectively.
Rainbows in literature The rainbow has also been used in more contemporary settings, such as the song "Over the Rainbow" in the musical film The Wizard of Oz, and in selling Lucky Charms by alluding heavily to leprechaun mythology. One of the poems of William Wordsworth goes...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
10-11-2005
Rainbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Side 5 af 6
My heart A rainbow at the base of the Lower Falls of the leaps up Yellowstone River when I behold A rainbow in the sky: So was it when my life began; So is it now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old, Or let me die!... However, the Newtonian deconstruction of the rainbow is said to have provoked John Keats to lament....
Rainbows can often be seen in the spray and mist coming from larger waterfalls, as here at Takakkaw Falls, Canada.
Do not all charms fly At the mere touch of cold philosophy? There was an awful rainbow once in heaven: We know her woof, her texture; she is given In the dull catalogue of common things. Philosophy will clip an Angel’s wings, Conquer all mysteries by rule and line, Empty the haunted air, and gnomed mine Unweave a rainbow In contrast to this is Richard Dawkins; talking about his book Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder ..... "My title is from Keats, who believed that Newton had destroyed all the poetry of the rainbow by reducing it to the prismatic colours. Keats could hardly have been more wrong, and my aim is to guide all who are tempted by a similar view, towards the opposite conclusion. Science is, or ought to be, the inspiration for great poetry."
Remembering the sequence of colours A traditional way of recalling each of the seven colours of the rainbow in sequence is by using the mnemonic "Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain", where the first letter of each word corresponds to the first letter of each colour. The mnemonic alludes to the defeat of Richard III by Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth Field. In York, an alternative version is taught that goes "[[Rowntrees]] Of York Gave Best In Value" Another, less obvious, though more common way is the use of the meaningless name Roy G. Biv. This method is purely phonetic. Finally, some humourous examples exist, including "Ring Out Your Granny's Boots In Vinegar" A drawback to all these methods is that they include the colour of indigo between blue and violet, though most modern rainbow definitions do not include that as a distinct colour. Since rainbows are composed of a nearly continuous spectrum, different people, most notably across different cultures, identify different numbers of colours in rainbows.
See also
Optical phenomenon Glory Sun dog Moonbow
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
10-11-2005
Rainbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Side 6 af 6
Rainbows in mythology
References
Robert Greenler, Rainbows, Halos, and Glories, (1980) ISBN 0-521-38865-1 Raymond L. Lee and Alastair B. Fraser, The Rainbow Bridge: Rainbows in Art, Myth and Science, (2001) Penn. State University Press and SPIE Press ISBN 0-271-01977-8 David K. Lynch & William Livingston, "Color and Light in Nature", 2nd edition (2001) ISBN 0-521-775043 M.G.J. Minnaert, "Light and Color in the Outdoors", 1995 ISBN 0-387-97935-2 M. Minnaert, "The Nature of Light and Color in the Open Air", 1973 ISBN 0-486-20196-1 Naylor, John, "Out of the Blue", 2002, ISBN 0-521-80925-8 Nussenzveig, H. Moyses, “The Theory of the Rainbow,” Scientific American 236 (1977), 116
External links
Creation of a false rainbow (http://www.afoundation.com/independent/cammelllairds/marcquinn.html) Lez Cowly's Atmospheric Optics (http://www.sundog.clara.co.uk/atoptics/phenom.htm) Beverly T. Lynds' About Rainbows (http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/staff/blynds/rnbw.html) Blake Ebersole's Rainbow Science (http://www.rainbowlight.net/elemsci.htm) Supernumerary and Multiple Rainbows (http://www.jal.cc.il.us/~mikolajsawicki/rainbows.htm)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow" Categories: Optics | Meteorology | Optical phenomena
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
This page was last modified 07:48, 8 November 2005. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (see Copyrights for details). Privacy policy
10-11-2005
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