R5211106-bioelectricity And Electrodes

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Code No: R5211106

II B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2009 BIOELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ????? 1. Discuss the physiological effects due to electric currents during bio-potential measurement. [16] 2. (a) What is action potential ? Explain the spread of potential changes in Axons. (b) Explain the terms membrane time and space constants.

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3. Write notes on. (a) Structure of neuron. (b) Electrical transmission of impulse.

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4. Explain how the PQRST complex of the ECG waveform is generated in the heart. [16] 5. (a) Explain various types of microelectrodes used for tapping bio-signals. Give their equivalent circuit properties. (b) Discuss about needle electrodes.

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6. Discuss about ultrasonic diathermy and microwave diathermy with required figures. Which electrodes are used for cutting and coagulation. [16] 7. How are motor unit potentials generated? Explain.

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8. Discuss the different waves and rhythms in Electroencephalogram. Explain.

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Code No: R5211106

II B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2009 BIOELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ????? 1. What is an electrode potential with reference to bio-potential recording? What are different types of electrodes used for recording bio-potentials? Write their important characteristics? [16] 2. What is all or none principle? Explain how action potentials are recorded.

[16]

3. Write about the spark theory ( electrical transmission of an Impulse). Explain how synaptic delay in transmission is reduced by electrical transmission. [16] 4. What is an action potential? How it is generated and conducted in the heart muscle fiber? [16] 5. (a) Drawing their equivalent circuits, neatly explain the properties of needle electrode and microelectrode? (b) Give two applications of above two electrodes.

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6. Write a short note on: (a) Physiotherapy instruments (b) Surgical instruments (c) P H meter

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7. (a) What do you mean by electrical activity of skeletal muscles? (b) What are motor unit potentials? Explain. 8. Explain how EEG is recorded. Explain the different patterns of the same. ?????

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Code No: R5211106

II B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2009 BIOELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ????? 1. Describe the basic concepts of electro cardiography what is normal semi-permeable membrance? [16] 2. What is refractory period and explain absolute and relative refractory periods.

[16]

3. What is synapse ? Calssify and describe different type of synapses.

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4. Define “lead”? Explain the ECG leads with neat circuit diagrams.

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5. Discuss on needle electrodes focusing on mechanical properties.

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6. How are P H measurements taken? Explain the electrodes used to tap EOG, EEG and ECG. [16] 7. What is neuromuscular junction? Explain neuromuscular transmission. Specify some EMG electrodes. [16] 8. (a) Explain impedance Plethysmography? (b) What are the methods of measuring the tissue resistance? ?????

[8+8]

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Code No: R5211106

II B.Tech I Semester(R05) Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2009 BIOELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ????? 1. What is excited semiperineable membrane . what are the different types of transdcess used for recording biopotentials? [16] 2. What is Nernst equation? Explain how it shows that the electrode response depends on both temperature and the no of charges on the ion. [16] 3. Write short notes on: (a) Characteristics of an impulse. (b) Membrane conductance.

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4. Show diagramtically the characteristics of action potentials at the following: (a) SA Node (b) Atria (c) AV Node (d) Ventricle (e) Purkinjee fiber

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5. With the neat circuit diagram, explain the Electrode Electrolyte interface? What are different types of micro electrodes? [16] 6. (a) Write a short note on various types of electrodes used to extract bio-signals? (b) What are physiotherapy instruments?

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7. (a) What do you mean by gradation of muscular activity? Explain. (b) What is chemical significance of fatigue. Explain.

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8. (a) What are the forward problems associated with bioelectric phenomena. (b) What do you mean by EEG? What is REM. ?????

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