Question & Answer For Knowledge

Ø igt½Sifonf armifrif;tm; tvkdrJhapvTwfawmfrlonfr[kwf/ apvTwfawmf rlonfhtvkdum; pMu0Vmt0ef;tzkdY (&[frof)Nidrf;csrf;om,mrI &Muap&ef wnf;/ (uk&ftmef 21;107) Ø ightcspaf wmf\ om;awmfajr;awmfwYdk toifwt Ydk m; roef½Y iS ;f jcif;rsm; tm;vk;H rS uif;a0;apí tvGeo f ef½Y iS ;f pifMu,fjcif;uko d m igt½Siv f v dk m;awmfro l nf/ (uk&t f mef 33;33) Ø {uef t rS e f tv’ m [f t ½S i f j rwf o nf v nf ; aumif ; ? xk d t ½S i f j rwf \ aumif ; uif wrefrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? wrefawmfjrwftay:okYd qGv0of arwåm pvmrfyo Ydk Muuke\ f / tkd . . . . tDrmef,o l t l aygif;wkYd xkw d refawmfjrwftay: okYd qGv0of arwåmpvmrf ykdYoMuavukef/ (uk&ftmef 33;56) Ø todynm[lonf vlU*kPu f dk jrifrh m;aponf/} (uk&t f mef 39;9)

1/ rGwpf vifr[ f o l nf rdr\ d vufjzifv h nf;aumif;? EIwjf zifv h nf;aumif; tjcm;olwu Ydk dk 'ku© ray;oljzpfonf/ (wd&farZD) 2/ opömrJo h ül ,kMH unfrrI ½S/d uwdrwnfoül vrf;pOf(omoem)r½S/d (bdik [ f uD) 3/ nwGif tcsed t f enf;i,f ynmqnf;yl;jcif;onf wnvk;H 0wfjyKjcif;xuf jrwfonf/ (‘g½kdrD) 4/ w&m;ojzifh pm;eyf&du©m½SmazGjcif;onf zG&oGfwm0efjzpfonf/ (bkid [ f uD) 5/ a&mif;jcif;? 0,fjcif;? ESpOf ;D oabmwlq;Hk jzwfcsucf sjcif;wdüYk vlwt Ydk ay: apwem? arwåmxm;oludk tv’m[ft½Sijf rwfuvnf; arwåmxm;awmf rlrnf/ (Alcg&D) 6/ tuket f ustenf;qk;H xdr;f jrm;rIonf r*Fvmt½Sq d ;Hk jzpfonf/(rpf½Sfum;of) 7/ toifwkdYteuf taumif;qkH;olonf rdrd\tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;tay: taumif;qkH;jyKrl qufqHoljzpfonf/ (wd&farZD) 8/ aqGrsK;d om;csi;f wkEYd iS hf tquftoG,jf zwfonfv h pl t k ay:okYd tv’m[f t½Sijf rwf\ u½kPmawmf onf oufa&mufjcif;r½S/d (bkid [ f uD) 9/ vlwt Ydk m; oem;MuifemrIr½So d u l dk t½Sijf rwfuvnf; oem;Muifemawmf rlrnfr[kw/f (Alcg&D) 10/ ESvkH;om;rS MuifemrIukd EIwfy,fjcif;cH&olonf ezl;pmqkd;oljzpfonf/ (wd&farZD) 11/ tMuifol ESmacsaomtcg tvf[rfv Ydk’ pfvm’ [fqydk g/ ESmacsoMH um;olu ,m&[frwfurdk v k m’ [kqydk g/ (Alcg&D) 12/ aetdrt f wGi;f 0ifvQif tdro f m;rsm;ukd pvmrfjyKyg/ aetdrrf x S u G cf mG vQif pvmrfjyKNy;D xGucf mG yg/ (Adkif[uD) 13/ usiBf u;D usiif ,fpeG NfY y;D aemuf t½Sut f *Fgtpdwt f ydik ;f rsm;ukd nmvufjzifh udik w f , G af q;aMumjcif; rjyK&/ (rGwfpvifrf) 14/ tdrfomwufvQif upfAvm[fbufokdYausmay;jcif; (okdY) rsufESmrljcif; rjyK&/ (Alcg&D) 15/ tdrfwpftdrfokdY0ifvkdvQif OD;pGm0ifcGifhawmif;yg/ cGifhawmif;NyD;rS0ifyg/ (Alcg&D) (1)

16/ wpf p k H w pf a ,muf \ yd k i f q d k i f a om ypö n f ; Opö m rsm;uk d aemuf a jymif u sD p ,f onf h taejzif h ,laqmifoGm;jcif;rjyK&/ (wd&farZD) 17/ *sEo é o f ck bko H nf rdbESpyf g;\ ajcz0g;atmufwiG ½f o dS nf/(['D;pf) 18/ wrefawmfjrwfBuD;\ xif½Sm;aombGJUawmfrsm;teuf tcsKdUrSm rGwfpfwzGm? trD;ef? t[fr’f? [bDbv G m’ ? eAs, D v G m’ ? cvDvv G m’ ? wGm[m? ,mpif;ef? rGwZf vfrv d ?f rGwq ’f pf &D ?f rGw&f w f Am wkYd jzpfonf/ 19/ wrefawmfjrwf\ emrawmfac:oHMum;vQif qGv0of½Gwfqkd&rnf/ 20/ wrefawmfjrwfonf tm&AfvlrsKd; ukd½dkuf,SfrsKd;EG,frS jzpfonf/ 21/ wrefawmfjrwf\ rdbrsm;rSm crnf;awmf tAÁv G’ m’ ? r,fawmf tmNreD m wkYd jzpfygonf/ 22/ wrefawmfjrwfonf tma&AsEikd if H ruúmNrKd UawmfwiG f &ADtv G af tmif0gvfv (12)&uf? wevFmaeY eHeufwGif zGm;jrifygonf/ 23/ wrefawmfjrwfzGm;awmfrrlcif crnf;awmfuG,fvGefcJhygonf/ 24/ wrefawmfjrwfoufawmf(6)ESpft½G,fwGif r,fawmf uG,fvGefcJhygonf/ 25/ utfAm[fausmif;awmfudk tAf&[mrif;rS qifwyfjzifh vma&mufzsuq f ;D onfEh pS u f dk (tefzv Gd )f qifouú&mZf[k ac:ygonf/ 26/ wrefawmfzmG ;jrifcsed jf zpfay:cJah om twdwef rdwBf u;D rsm;rSm «u» zGm;zuf awmf (1000)rSm a,mufsm;rsm;omjzpfjcif;? «c» ESp(f 1000)ausmf rNird ;f cJh aom r*sLpDw\ Ydk rD;ykBH u;D Nird ;f oGm;jcif;? «*» cef;ajcmufaeaom prm0gjrpfBu;D a&pD;vmjcif;? «C» a&pD;oG,af eaom pm0gjrpfBu;D a&crf;ajcmufomG ;jcif;? «i» ½Iid w f mG ef(ewfrpd mä ) tjrifo h Ydk rwufa&mufEikd jf cif;? «p» tD&efb&k if eef;awmfrS pdeaf wmif(14)ck NyKd usysupf ;D jcif; ponfjzifh jzpfMuygonf/ 27/ wrefawmfjrwf\ txuftqufawmf(4)yg;rSm tAÁ'v G m’ ocif? tAÁ'v G f rGww f v G pfocif? tAÁ'v G rf edk yfzo f cif? [m½Sio f cifwYdk jzpf ygonf/ 28/ wref a wmf j rwf o nf (15)ES p f o m;t½G , f w G i f az*sm&f p pf y G J w G i f a’ o cH w k d Y E S i f h twl ukd,fwkdifukd,fusyg0ifcJhNyD; [vfrDzl½lvfvlrI0efxrf;tzGJUtpnf;wGif yg0ifcJhonf/ 29/ wrefawmfjrwfonf oufawmf(25)ESpw f iG f bDbcD wD*smocifrESihf xdr;f jrm; vufxufcyhJ gonf/ 30/ wrefawmfjrwfBuD;wGif om;awmf(3)yg;? orD;awmf(4)yg; xGef;um;cJhonf/ 31/ om;awmf(3)yg;trnfrSm umpif? wGm[d&f(oefYpifol)? wdGKif,dAf(oefY½Sif;ol) wkdYjzpfonf/ 32/ orD;awmf(4)yg;rSm ZkdifeAfocifr? ½kukd if,mocifr? tGvfarhukvfqGrf ocifr? zGmawrm ocifrwkdYjzpfonf/ 33/ wrefawmfjrwfoufawmf (40)t½G,w f iG f eAl0of&½Sad Mumif; aMujim cJo h nf/ 34/ cwD*smocifr? tblAu&focifEiS hf nDawmftvDocifEiS hf Zdo f’k cif wku Yd tpövmrfudk pwifvufcH cJhMuonf/ 35/ wrefawmf\ cvDzmT om0uBu;D (4)yg;rSm tblAu&focif? tGr&® o f cif? tGwpf refocif? armifvm tvDocifwkdYjzpfonf/ 36/ yef*swef(5)yg;rSm . . . . . wrefawmfjrwf? armifvmtvDocif? zGmawrm ocifr? atrmrf[mpHocif? atrmrf[pdk idk o f cif wkjYd zpfygonf/ (2)

37/ wrefawmfjrwfonf at'D(622)wGif r'DemNrKd UawmfoYdk [pf*s&ofjyKxu G cf mG cJo h nf/ ,if;ukd taMumif;jyKí [pf*s&o D uú&mZf[k pwifa&wGuo f nf/ 38/ wrefawmfjrwfonf ulAmt&yfü yxrqk;H 0wfausmif;awmfudk wnf aqmufí *sKrd t dk m[f qGvmof0wfjyKcJhonf/ 39/ r'DemNrKd Uonf wrefawmfjrwf\ a&mifomG ocFsKid ;f awmf½adS omaMumifh ykí d jrifjh rwfygonf/ 40/ [pf*s&(D 2)ckEpS w f iG f &efjyKow l u Ydk dk jyefvnfweG ;f vSecf iG t hf rdeYf (*s[ D m’)f usa&mufvmí urÇmo h rkid ;f wGif ta&;ygaom A'&fppfyGJjzpfyGm;cJhonf/ 41/ [pf*s&(D 3)ckEpS f &r®omG efvwGif ajr;awmftBu;D atrmrf[mpHocifzmG ;jrifco hJ nf/ 42/ [pf*s&D(4)ck? ½SmAmefvwGif ajr;awmfi,f atrmrf[kdpkdifocifzGm;jrifcJhonf/ 43/ [pf*s&D(5)ckESpfwGif cgef'ufppfyGJtygt0if ppfyGJrsm;ukd qifETJcJhMu&onf/ 44/ [pf*s&(D 6)ckEpS w f iG f wrefawmfjrwfonf Nird ;f csr;f a&;twGuf [k'd idk Af , D m pmcsKyf csKyq f cdk o hJ nf/ 45/ [pf*s&D(7)ckESpfwGif cdkifA&fppfyGJjzpfyGm;cJhonf/ 46/ [pf*s&(D 8)ckEpS w f iG f rGwpf vifrw f o Ydk nf ruúmNrKd Uawmfudk jyefvnford ;f ydu k f &½Scd o hJ nf/ 47/ wref a wmf j rwf B uD ; onf [pf * s&D ( 10)ck E S p f t wG i f ; aemuf q k H ; [*sf r d e f Y c G e f ; uk d rGwfpvifrfwpfodef;ausmfaY½SarSmufwGif ajymMum;cJhonf/ 48/ wrefawmfjrwf (23)ESpt f ½G,w f iG f qD;&D;,m;Edik if o H Ydk ukeo f nftjzpf oGm;a&mufco hJ nf/ 49/ wrefawmfjrwf\ Muif,mawmfrsm;teuf toufti,fq;Hk Muif,mawmf rSm tmat½Smocifr jzpfygonf/ 50/ tpövmrfomoemawmf\ yxrqk;H tmZmefzw d af c:olrmS om0uBu;D abvmvfocifjzpfygonf/ 51/ cwD*smocifrBu;D onf eA0D(10)ckEpS ?f oufawmf(65)ESpt f ½G,w f iG f uG,v f eG o f nf/ 52/ wrefawmfjrwfukd ulnDí tpövmrfvufcH tDrmef,lcJhMuaom bBuD;awmf (2)yg;rSm trD&[ f rfZmocifEiS hf tAÁmpfocif wkjYd zpfonf/ 53/ wrefawmfjrwf tpövmrfomoemawmfukd zdwfac:csdefwGif qefYusifcJhaom OD;&D;awmfrsm;rSm tAlv[Af? tAl*sm[ifvf wkjYd zpfonf/ 54/ wref a wmf j rwf uG , f v G e f N yD ; (6)vtMumwG i f orD ; awmf z G m awrm ocif r BuD ; uG,fvGefawmfrlcJhonf/ 55/ wrefawmfjrwf\ nDawmf om0uBuD;tvDocifonf [pf*s&D(40)ckESpf wGif ulzGmNrdKU ü ½S[D;'fjzpfonf/ 56/ tpövmrftwGuf yxrqkH;toufay;cJhaom qG[mADtrsKd;orD;rSm qkdrkdif,m ocifrjzpfonf/ 57/ wrefawmfjrwf r'DemNrKd UokYd ajymif;aY½aT omtcg vrf;c&D;ü wnf;ckad wmfrcl hJ aom OrifvP dI *f \ l trnfrSm aqmif&fvIdPf*ljzpfygonf/ 58/ usr;f awmfjrwfu&k t f mefudk wrefawmfjrwfr[ k r®(f’ qG)vufxuf &rfZef v (&róGev f ) vdik v f wGvf u'&fnOfjh rwfwiG f pwifusa&mufco hJ nf/ 59/ wrefawmf\NrdKUawmf[laombGJUukd&½SdaomNrdKU\trnfrSm r'DemNrdKU jzpfyg onf/ (3)

60/ wrefawmfjrwfBu;D \ orD;awmf zGmawrmocifronf [pf*s&(D 2)ckEpS w f iG f armifvmtvDocifEiS hf xdrf;jrm;r*FvmjyKonf/ 61/ &*sAv f (27)&ufnOfw h iG f wrefawmfjrwf(qG)ocifonf tv’m[ft½Sijf rwf \ zdwaf c:rIjzifh (arht&f m*s)f aumif;uifbeHk ef;okYd
83/ at½SmqGvmofwiG f xl;jcm;pGmzwf&onfh qGvmofrmS 0aw&f0g*spAf f (3)&utof jzpfygonf/ 84/ aexGuq f ?J rGe;f wnfq h ?J ae0ifqt J csed rf sm;wGif rnfonfq h v G mofrS 0wf rjyK&yg/ 85/ tpövmrfomoemwGif xif½mS ;aom[‘;D pfusr;f Bu;D rSm Alcg&Dusr;f ? rGwpf vifru f sr;f ? wd&af rZDusr;f ? tAl'g0k'?f tpfAaeYrm*sm? aepmtD wkjYd zpfonf/ 86/ pm;aomufjcif;rjyKrt D vsif Apörpfvm’ [f ½Gwzf wfyg/ nmvuf(vufsm)jzifh pm;aomufyg/ 87/ tpövmrfomoem\ taumif;qk;H tjyKtrlonf qif;&JErG ;f yg;olrsm;tm; auR;arG;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ 88/ atrmrftAl[eDzGm[focifonf [pf*s&D(80)ckESpfwGif zGm;jrifNyD; [pf*s&D (150)ckESpfwGif uG,fvGefcJhonf/ 89/ atrmrfAcl g&Docifonf tpövmrfomoem\xif½mS ;aom [‘;D pfusr;f aygif; rsm;pGmukd jyKpck o hJ nf/ 90/ atrmrfAcl g&Docifonf [pf*s&(D 194)wGizf mG ;jrifí [pf*s&(D 256)ckEpS f wGif uG,v f eG o f nf/ 91/ *kpd v G f a&csK;d &mwGif zG&oG(f 3)ck½o dS nf/ 0ko d w l iG f zG&oG(f 4)ck½o dS nf/ 92/ qGvmof0wfjyK&mwGif zG&oGf(13)ck½Sdonf/ 93/ uk&ftmefpwifusa&muf&m [D&mvIdPf*l½SdaomawmifrSm *sAavhEl;&f awmif jzpfonf/ 94/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif eADaygif; (25)yg;\ trnfyg½Sdygonf/ 95/ [D&mvIdPf*lonf ruúma½TNrdKUawmfESifh (3)rkdifuGma0;ygonf/ 96/ uk&t f mefonf tv’m[ft½Sijf rwfxrH S wku d ½f u kd cf say;awmfral om Asm'dwaf wmfjrwfrsm;ukd pkpnf; xm;aom usrf;pmtkyfjzpfygonf/ 97/ ['D;pf[o l nf wrefawmfjrwfr[ k r®(f’ qG)uk, d af wmfwidk f jyKrjl cif;? ajymqkd jcif;? ½Si;f vif;qk;H rjcif;? usifhBuHwnfaqmufjcif;jyKcJhonfrsm;ukd pkpnf; owfrSwfxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ 98/ ntdyf&m0ifpOfESifh tdyf&mxvQif xcsif; rsufaphzGifhonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf (vmatv’m[ tpfavmv’m[f rk[ d r®v G’ f &plvv G m’ )[k >rufq&dk avonf/ 99/ wrefawmfjrwf 0zGojf zpfNy;D (5)ESpcf eft Y Mum [pf*s&D (16)ckEpS cf efw Y iG f w½kwjf ynfoYdk tpövmrf omoempwifa&muf½SdcJhygonf/ 100/ zG&Zf = wdusjywfom;aom trdefYjzifh apcdkif;aomtvkyf/ 101/ 0g*spfAf = t"dyÜg,frsm;pGmxGufaomvkyf&yfukd trdefYay;xm;jcif;/ 102/ pGEéof = uk, d af wmfjrwfu, dk w f idk f jyKvyk u f sio hf ;Hk cJjh cif;? jyKvyk Mf u&ef rdeaYf wmfrjl cif;? aY½aS wmfwiG f jyKvkyfcJhaomtvkyfukd rwm;jrpfcJhjcif;/ 103/ rGwpf w f [Af = tcspjf zifv h yk af omtvkyjf zpfonf/ 104/ ezGifvf = tydkjyKvkyfaomaumif;rI/ 105/ qGv0of = arwåmykdYojcif;/ 106/ upfAvm = rsufESmrl&mt&yf/ 107/ ½SzGmtof = cRwfu,fcGifhawmif;cHavQmufxm;ay;jcif;/ 108/ cgawrGefeAD = aemufqkH;yGifhawmfrlaom wrefawmf/ 108/ a,mifrGefeAD = wrefawmfocif\ zGm;jrifawmfrlaomarG;aeY/ (5)

110/ 111/ 112/ 113/ 114/ 115/ 116/ 117/ 118/ 119/ 120/ 121/ 122/ 123/ 124/ 125/

126/ 127/ 128/ 129/ 130/ 131/ 132/ 133/

armifvl;'f = arG;aeYtcrf;tem;/ au,mrf(okdY)t½Sf&uvf = rwfwyf&yfjcif; (,meADpvmrf&yfjcif;) wtfZifrf = ½kdaoukdif;½Idif;jcif;? *g&0jyKjcif;/ *sKdvl;pf = pka0;vSnv hf nfjcif;? tpkta0;/ ½S[D;pf = omoemtwGuf ay;vSLjcif;/ atrmrf = OD;pD;aY½Saqmifukdac:onf/ ½S&duf = wkzufEIdif;,SOfukd;uG,fjcif;/ wuú’D&f = ezl;pm/ orkid ;f okawoD Michael H.Hart jyKpak om urÇmOh ;D pD;acgif;aqmif atmifjrifoal usmpf mG (100)wGif wrefawmfjrwf rk[ d r®'o f nf eHygwf(1) jzpfonf/ rGwpf vifrw f o Ydk nf pydeEf ikd if u H dk ESpaf ygif;(800)ausmMf umatmif tkypf ;dk cJyh g onf/ jrefrmvufah0Sausmf usm;bNidrf;onf jrefrmrGwfpvifrfwpfOD;jzpfonf/ jrefrmrGwfpvifNrdKU0efpma&; OD;ydefonf t½SnfqkH; uRef;wHwm;BuD;ukd awmiforeftif;? tr&yl&NrdKUwGif wnfaqmufcJhonf/ tmefqmG &D qko d nfrmS omoemhtwGuf ulno D [ l k t"dygÜ ,f&onf/ rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD;onf jrefrmrGwfpvifrf[m*sDrsm;wnf;ckd&eftwGuf ruúmNrdKUwGif a'gif;Z&yfBuD;ukd aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;cJhonf/ jrefrmEdik if w H iG f tpövmrfpmayukd jrefrmpmayjzifh yxrqk;H a&;om;jyKpo k rl mS a½Tawmifom*ol - &r®m0wDNrKd U0ef q&mBu;D OD;Ek jzpfygonf/ jrefrmEdik if w H iG f usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefudk jrefrmbmomjzifh yxrqk;H tptqk;H jyefqdk a&;om;cJo h rl mS [m*sD O D ; umvl j zpf N yD ; £if ; aemuf u k & f t mef u srf ; jrwf u k d quf v uf j yef q k d c J h o l r S m CmZDrkd[r®’f[m½Sifjzpfygonf/ tmZmenfacgif;aqmifBu;D q&mBu;D OD;&mZwfrmS trsK;d om;aumvdyrf S yxrqk;H 0dZmÆ bGUJ &½Scd o hJ nf/ tmZmenf&JabmfukdaxG;onf q&mBuD;OD;&mZwf\ ukd,f&HawmfjzpfNyD; q&mBuD;ESifhtwl usqHk;cJhonfh ½SDtmrGwfpvifrfwpfOD;jzpfonf/ yxrqkH; ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ausmif;om;or*¾Ouú|rSm OD;&m½Spfjzpfygonf/ yxrqkH; &efukefwuúokdvfausmif;om;or*¾Ouú|rSm jrefrmrGwfpvifrf trsKd;om; OD;xGef;pdef jzpfygonf/ yifvpHk mcsKyjf zpfajrmufatmifjrifa&;twGuf t"duBuKd ;yrf;aqmif½u G cf hJ olrmS jrefrmrGwpf vifrf trsKd;om; OD;azcif(EdkifiHh*kPf&nfyxrqifh)jzpfyg onf/ bkd;awmfOD;0kdif; (A'kHrif;Mwm;BuD;)onf tmA'f½Sm[f[kdpdkifeDocifBuD;tm; ½Idifckvf tpövmrf omoemydkifbGJUukd ay;tyfcsD;jr§ifhcJhonf/ tdE´d,r*dkrif;quf\ aemufqkH;rif; ½Sm;Zz&focifonf &efukefNrdKUwGif uG,fvGefonf/ rkd[r®'ftvDNyD;aemuf urÇmh[JAD;0dwfavmuwGif tpövmrfomoemxJokdY tDrmef,lolrSm vufaY0Sausmf rdkufwdkifqefjzpfonf/ (6)

134/ *syefEikd if w H iG f uk&t f mefusr;f jrwfudk *syefbmomokYd (1920)ckEpS f yxrqk;H jyefqcdk o hJ nf/ 135/ jyifopfEikd if w H iG f AvD0wfausmif;awmfaygif; (1500)cef½Y NdS y;D yJ&pfNrKd Uawmf wGif AvD0wfausmif; awmf (25)vkH;cefY½Sdonf/ 136/ ,aeYtpövmrfomoem0ifrGwfpvifrfOD;a&rSm oef;(1600)½SdNyD; urÇmh vlOD;a&\ (20.5%) cefY½SdaeNyD/ 137/ 1925-ckESpfwGif ruúma½TNrdKUawmfü yxrqkH; urÇmhrGwfpvifrfnDvmcHukd ac:,lNyD; urÇmh rGwpf vifrt f zGUJ Bu;D ukd zGUJ pnf;cJo h nf/ 138/ jrefrmpmaye,fwiG f yxrqk;H awGU½S&d aom tpövmrf”h r®aw;pmtkyrf mS anmif&rf;acwf paerif; vufxufua&;cJhaom armifvl;'fusrf;jzpf ygonf/ (at'D 1698-1714) cefY 139/ tpövmrfbmomonf jrefrmEdik if o H Ydk vGecf ahJ omESpaf ygif; (1300)ausmrf S pwif0ifa&mufcahJ Mumif; orkdif;rSwfwrf;rsm;t&od&onf/ 140/ jrefrmrGwpf vifrpf mqkad wmfBu;D q&mBu;D OD;Ek\xif½mS ;aomusr;f rsm;rSm ok;H cef;usr;f ? ajcmufcef; usr;f ? ok;H q,fih g;cef;usr;f ? oHawmfO;D wifvmT usr;f wkjYd zpfygonf/ 141/ jrefrmEdik if w H iG f e,fcsUJ t*Fvyd w f v Ydk ufatmuf 'l;raxmufyJ wdu k cf u kd cf hJ onfh jrefrmol&aJ umif; rsm;xJwiG f yckuLú e,frS jrefrmrGwpf vifrf ol&aJ umif; Akv d , f muGwrf mS xif½mS ;onf/ 142/ 1930-jynfEh pS f ausmif;om;or*¾zUJG pnf;&ef pnf;rsO;f a&;qGaJ &;aumfrwD0if ok;H OD;teuf ESpOf ;D rSm jrefrmrGwfpvifrfjzpfNyD; MA&m½SpfESifh rpöwm,mpifwkdY jzpfygonf/

◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆

(7)