Pukar 1

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R;keqGs l'kks/kukpk ntkZ o fu"d"kZ ;ksX; feGsyrF; ladyu in~/krh o ra= % rF;

ladyuklkBh

in~/krhrwu

izkFkfed

eqyk[kr

gh

rF;

ladyu

in~/kr

oki#u

R;klkBh eqyk[kr lwph ;k ra=kpk okij dj.;kr vkyk- eqyk[krh ?ks.;klkBh iz'ukoyh lwph cufo.;kps Bjoys- iz'ukoyh ;ksX; o ntkZRed Ogkoh o ;kr xzqi lnL;kps iwoZxzg ;sÅ u;s ;klkBh xzqius Lor%P;k ifjljkrhy jfgok'kkaph eqyk[krh ?ksrY;k- vkf.k dkgh'kh ppkZ dsyh ;ko#u Fkhe Bjo.;kr vkY;k o R;koj

iz'u r;kj

dj.;kr vkys;k

in~/krheqGs

iz'ukoyh

lgHkkxh

>kyh- ;kpk vuqHko vkEgkyk eqyk[krh ? ksrkuk vkkyh o Bksl fu"d"kZ fu? kkys- xzqi lnL;kps ers

okn&fookn] ppkZ

;keqGs iz'u pkaxys o mfn~"Vk;kaoj vk/kkfjr 26

>kys-

rlsp

lkscr

QksVksxzkQhph

lkFk

ykHkyhiz'ukoyh cuorkuk vkysY;k vMp.kh % 1- iz'ulaca/kh ,d okD;rk gksrkuk okn >kys2- 'kCnkph tqGok tqGo djrkauk vMp.k vkyh3- mfn~n"Vkoj

vk/kkjhr

iz'u

cuorkuk

vMp.kh vkY;k4- osG [kwi ykxY;kus dkgh va'kh iz'ukoyh cuorkuk ?kkbZ >kyh5- eqnn;kyk lksMwu ppkZ >kY;keqGs iz'u r;kj gksrkauk m'khj >kykeqyk[kr ?ksrkauk vkysY;k vMp.kh % 1- eqyk[krh

?ks.;klkBh

tkrkuk

dkgh

t.kkauh HkhrhP;k iksVh eqyk[kr ns.;kl udkj dsyk-

27

2- osGsoj eqyk[krh iw.kZ >kY;k ukghR;keqGs

fo'ys"k.kkyk

lqn~/kk

osG

ykxyk3- izR;sd iz'ukph mRrjs ;skX; feGkyh ukgh4- mRrjnkrk

pkaxyk

Hkklo.;klkBh

;ksX;

mRrjs nsr ukgh5- eqyk[krhps

ra=

vtwu

xzzqiyk

voxr

ukghojhy T;k vMp.kh vkY;k R;koj cgqrka'kh dkj.ks gh gksrh dh] BjoysY;k in~/krheqGs o IyWuus xzqius dke dsys ukgh- R;keqGs eqyk[kr ?ksrkuk vMp.kh vkY;k- ,d Eg.kts izR;sdkus fdeku 10&12 eqyk[krh ?ks.;kps Bjoys o R;klkBh osG gh Bjo.;kr vkyh gksrhR;keqGs

eqyk[krh

pkaxY;k

o

ntkZRed

gksrhy- ijarw vpkud xzqiP;k dkgh lnL;kaP;k leL;seqGs xzqipk brj lnL;kaoj vtwu tkLrhr tkLr eqyk[krh ?ks.;kph osG vkyh- R;keqGs BjysY;k osGsr dke iw.kZ >kys ukgh28

okjaokj Bjowu lqn~/kk brj enr nsÅu lqn~/kk xzqiP;k dkgh lnL;kae/;s osGsps xkaHkh;Z uOgrs- rlsp varxZr leL;seqGs eqyk[krh ?ks.;koj ifj.kke

>kyk- R;keqGs

eqyk[krh ra=koj ,okyh o ntkZ ?kljyk,o
,d o

ldkjkRed

feGkysY;k

gksrs

dh

mRrjko#u

iz'u vki.k

vkiY;k la'kks/kukyk ;ksX; fn'ksyk vkgksr o fo'ys"k.k gks.;kl lq#okr rel="nofollow">kyh-

dY;k.k e/khy tru dY;k.k e/khy tru gks.kkjs gks.kkjs ,sfrgkfld LFkG ,sfrgkfld LFkG 29

nqxkZMh fdYyk

30

31

dY;k.ke/khy tru >kysys ,sfrgkfld LFkG % nqxkZMh fdYyk % dY;k.kyk bfrgklkr LFkku ykHkysys vkgsdkj.k dY;k.ke/;s f'kokthaP;k dkGkryk ,d ,sfrgkfld fdYyk ykHkysyk vkgsgk

fdYyk

dY;k.k

LVs'kugwu

1½

fd-eh-

varjkoj vkgs- ;k fBdk.kh tk.;klkBh cl o vkWVks fj{kkph mRre lks; vkgs;k fdYY;kps egRRo Eg.kts nqxkZMh fdYyk ;kyk tjh fdYyk Eg.kr vlys rjh rks [kkMhyxr vlysyk ,d nxMh cq#t vkgs- tks lkxjhekxsZ o

ekyd

okgrwdhlkBh

gksrks-

rlsp

;k

fdYY;kps oSf'k"V; Eg.kts ;k fdYY;koj ,d nqxkZ ekrsps eanhj vkgs- rsFks uojk=sr Qkj eksBh t=k gksrs- vtwu ,d oSf'k"V; Eg.kts Eg.kts ;k eanhjkleksj f'kokthjktkauh 32

vkiY;k eqfLye cka/kokauk uekt iM.;klkBh ,d bnxk

cka/kysyk

vkgs-

;ko#u

f'kokth

jktkapss /kekZckcr lekurk fnlwu ;srs-

rF; Li"Vhdj.k dY;k.k e/khy ,sfrgklhd LFkGkps gks.kkjs tru vkf.k gks.kkjs nqyZ{k ;kckcr yksdkaps era vH;kl.;klkBh vkEgh dY;k.ke/khy pkj ,sfrgklhd LFkG fuoMys o R;krhy 25&25 eqyk[krh ?ksrY;k R;k eqyk[krhrwu feGkysyk MkVke/kwu th ekfgrh

feGkyh rh ekfgrh

yksdkaP;k erkapk lkE; d#u fo'ys"k.k dj.;kr vkys- ;k izdkj.kkr th rF;s feGkys rh rF;s fo"k;kph O;kIrh o fu"d"kZ n'kZforkr rF;kph ekaM.kh ekaMyh vkgs33

3- rqEgh ;k LFkGkckcr dkgh ekfgrh lkaxw 'kdky \ Jh N=irh f'kokth egkjtkauh ferh vf'ou ek?k 12 olqokjl 'kds 1579 'kuhokj fnukad 24 vkWDVks- 1657 ;k fno'kh dY;k.k ftadys- rsOgk dY;k.kkr fnikoyh vkf.k

Lokra«;

,dnep

mtGys-

Jh-

nqxkZHkokuhP;k Nk;sr egkjktkauh ;k nqxkZMh

fdYY;kP;k

cka/k.khl

Rojhr

lqjokr dsyh vkf.k ;kp fBdk.kh R;kauh LojktkaP;k vkjekjkpk 'kqHkkjaHk dsykJh

f'kojkT;fHk"ksd

egksRokr

;k

fdYY;kpk

=h'kY;lkaoRljhd o

Jh

nqxkZ

Hkokuh eanhjkpk th.kksZ/nkj >kyk;k fdYY;kP;k Hkksorh iw.kZ [kkMhps ik.khp ik.kh gksrs- vkf.k rlsp ;sFks Hkw;kjh ekxZ gksrs rs FksV fHkoaMh] vk/kkjokMh] lqHksnkj] olbZ fdYyk ;k fBdk.kh tkowu feGr vkgs- vkf.k ;k 34

Hkw;kjh ekxkZpk njoktk nsohph ewrhZ fQjoY;koj m?kMr vls4- ,sfrgkfld LFkGkps ewG ukao dk; \ ;kps fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk 24 vkWDVks 1967

;k

fno'kh

ftadyh

R;kosGh

f'kojk;kauh

dY;k.k

fnikoyh

vkf.k

Lokra«; ,dne mtGys gksrs- R;kosGsl JhnqxkZHkDrhP;k Nk;sr egkjktkauh ;k nxMh cq#tkauh ^^nqxkZMh fdYyk ukao lacks/kys-** 6- rj R;kps tru gksÅu fdrh o"kZ >kys o dks.kR;k dkj.kkus >kys \ fooj.k nsohP;k eanhj fdYY;kps

okajokjhrk 7 5

uqruhdj.k ,dw.k

12

ojhy lkj.kho#u vls y{kkr ;srs dh R;k LFkGkps

nsohps 35

eanhj

vlY;kus

rlsp

R;kgwu

deh

t.k

fdYY;kps

uqruhdj.k

dj.;k&dkj.kkus tru dsys vlY;kps lkaxr vkgs;k iz'ukps fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk toG toG 10&15 o"kZ >kys vkgs dkj.k rsFks nsohps

eanhj

o

fdYY;kojhy

cq#t

iM.;kP;k fLFkrhr vkys gksrs- ;ko#u vls lk/; gksrs dh] ;k LFkGkoj lgdk;Z fo'ks"k y{k vkgs-

7- ;k LFkGkps oSf'k"V; lkaxw 'kdky \ ;kps fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk ;k LFkGkps oSf'k"V; gs vkgs dh] ;sFks nqxkZ ekrsps eanhj vkgs o R;kP;k leksj eqfLye bnxk vkgs ;ko#u nksu /keZ ,d= vkY;kps fnlwu ;srs vkf.k ;k fdYY;kP;k ijhljkr Hkw;kjh ekxZ vkgsr- ijarw gs Hkw;kjh 36

ekxZ nqxkZ ekrsph ewrhZ fQjoyh vlrk m?kMrkr8- ;k LFkGkps tru >kys rj rqEgkyk dk; okVrs \ dh ;kpk Qk;nk dks.kkyk >kyk vlok \ fooj.k HkDrkauk i;ZVdkauk jktdh; yksdkauk ,dw.k

okajokjhrk 6 2 4 12

ojhy lkj.kho#u vls fnlwu ;srs dh] ;k LFkGkpk Qk;nk lokZar tkLr ;s.kkÚ;k HkDrkauk gksr- rj lokZr deh i;ZVdkauk gksr vls;ko#u

vls

y{kkar

;srs

dh]

;k

LFkGkps tru >kY;kus HkDrkauk Qk;nk gksr vkgs-

37

gs iz'u eqyk[krhr fopkjys vlrk ;sFks ;s.kkjs

i;ZVd

;s.kkÚ;k

o

nsohP;k

HkDrt.kkauk

n'kZuklkBh

Qk;nk

>kyk

rlsp ;sFkhy jktdh; i{kkauk Qk;nk gksr vlkok vls ekghrh feGkyh;ko#u vls lk/; gksrs dh] ;k LFkGkpk loZ izdkjP;k yksdkauk Qk;nk gksr vkgs9- ;k ,sfrgklhd LFkGkaps tru dsY;kus uqdlku >kys dk \ 1- gks rj dk \ 2- ukgh rj dk \ fooj.k

okajokjhrk 1 11 12

gks; ukgh ,dw.k

ojhy lkj.kho#u vls y{kkr ;srs dh ;k LFkGkph tru dsY;kus uqdlku >kys ukgh Eg.k.kkÚ;kaps izek.k lokZr tkLr ¼11½

38

vkgs rj uqdlku >kys vkgs Eg.k.kkÚ;kaps izek.k lokZr deh ¼1½ vkgs;ko#u

tru

dsY;kus

Qk;nk

gksr

vlY;kps letrseqyk[krhrwu

feGkysY;k

ekghrhps

fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk cgqrsdkauh nqlÚ;k i;kZ;kus fuoM dsY;kps letrs- ;kps dkj.k vls dh] ;k fBdk.kh nsohps eanhj vkgs o gk ,sfrgklhd LFkG vkgs- R;keqGs ;sFks yksdkaph ;s.kkÚ;kps izek.k vf/kd vlrsR;keqGs ;k LFkGkps tru dsY;kus Qkj uqdlku ukgh >kys10-rqEgkyk dk; okVrs dh] ;k LFkGkpk mi;ksx yksx d'kkdjhrk djr vlkos \ fooj.k nsohP;k

okajokjhrk 7

n'kZuklkBh 'kkarrslkBh i;ZVd LFkG

1 4 39

,dw.k

12

ojhy lkj.kho#u vls lk/; gksrs dh ;k LFkGkpk mi;ksx yksd lokZr tkLr ¼7½ nsohP;k n'kZuklkBh rj R;kgwu deh ¼4½ i;ZVd

LFkG

Eg.kwu

rj

lokZr

deh

'kkarrslkBh mi;ksx dsyk tkrksojhy fo'ys"k.kko#u vls letrs dh] ;k LFkGkpk

mi;ksx

n'kZuklkBh]

yksx

fQj.;klkBh

nsohP;k

rj

jktdh;

i{k

vkiyh lRrk nk[ko.;klkBh djr vls;ko#u vls lk/; gksrs dh]

;k LFkGkpk

mi;ksx loZ t.k djr vkgs- dkgh vkiyk Qk;n;klkBh rj HkDrhlkBh djr vkgs11-;k

LFkGkoj

;s.kkÚ;k

yksdkaps

izek.k fdrh vlkos \ ojhy iz'ukps fo'ys"k.kko#u vls letys dh

;k

LFkGkoj

eaxGokj]

'kqØokj]

jfookj ;k fno'kh yksdkaps izek.k vankts 40

1000 vlkos rj brj fno'kh 600 vlkos rlsp o"kkZrwu uojk=sP;k fno'kh ;k fBdk.kh eksBh tek vlrs gh t=k uÅ fnol vlys R;kosGh ;sFks Hkkfodkaph rj fQjk;yk ;s.kkÚ;k

yksdkaph

la[;k

lk/kkj.k

25

gtkjkP;k vklikl vlkoh;ko#u vls lk/; gksrs dh vktgh ;k fdYY;koj yksd ;srkr R;ko#u ;k fdYY;kojhy ljdkjps rlsp yksdkaps fo'ks"k y{k vkgs vls letrs12-rqeP;k ers ;k LFkGkpk Qk;nk dk; vlkok \ ;k LFkGkpk Qk;n;kcn~ny fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk

;k

LFkGkps

egRRo

[kwi

vkgs

vkf.k ,sfrgklhd LFkG vlY;kus rlsp tkx`r nsohps okl vlY;kus ;sFkhy LFkGkpk Hkkfodkauk

Qk;nk

gksr

vkgs

;sFkhy yksdkauk gh Qk;nk gksr vls-

41

rlsp

13-rqeP;k ers ;k LFkGkpk rksVk dk; vlkok;kps fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk ;k LFkGkps tru dsY;kus dkghgh rksVk >kyk ulY;kps fl/n gksrsijarw viokn Eg.kwu dkgh t.kkauk vls okVrs dh ;kph [kjh okLrw gksrh rh u"V >kyh-

lqHksnkjokMk 42

43

lqHksnkjokMk lqHksnkj

okM;kyk

tk.;klkBh

dY;k.k

if'pesl LVs'kuo#u vkWVks fj{kk] Vkaxk ;kph lks; vkgs gs LFkG xka/kh pkSd ;k ijhljkr vkgs- vkf.k pkyr tk.;kl lVs'kuo#u 15 fefuVkapk jLrk vkgslqHksnkj okMk gk dY;k.kP;k lqHksnkjkps jkgk.;kps

fBdk.k

gksrs-

dY;k.kP;k

lqHksnkjkph lwu th [kftU;kcjkscj yqVwu vk.kyh gksrh rsOgk f'kokth egkjktkauh lUekukus R;kauk ;kp okM;kr ikBoys gksrsgk okMk iwohZ iw.kZ ykdMh gksrkijarw

dkgh

flesaVP;k

o"kkZiwohZ

Lo#ikr

cka/kdke

;k

okM;kps

dsys

ijarw

u{khdke oxSjs twU;k ykdMh okM;klkj[ks vkgsgk okMk vkrk 'kkGsP;k VªLVdMs vlrksrsFks 12 oh i;Zar f'k{k.k fnys tkrs vls 44

Eg.krkr dh] ;k okM;kr ,d foghj gksrh R;k foghjhrwu Hkw;kjh ekxZ tkr gksrk- rks FksV f'kousjh fdYyk] nqxkZMh fdYyk] vk/kkjokMh ;k fBdk.kh tkr vls-

rF; ladyu 3½ rqEgh ;k LFkGkckcr dkgh ekfgrh lkaxw 'kdky \ ;kps fo'ys"k.kko#u vkt letys dh] gk okMk eq?ky dkGkrhy vlwu eq?kykauh rsFks vkiyk lqHksnkj useyk gksrk- R;k lqHksnkjkpk

okMk

vkgs-

dY;k.kP;k

lqHksnkjkph lwu f'kokthaP;k ekoG;kaph [kftU;kcjkscj

yqVwu

vk.kyh

gksrh-

rsOgk f'kokth jktsauh R;kauk ekrsleku ekuwu ;kp okM;kr lUekukus ikBo.;kr vkys45

4½ ;k ,sfrgklhd LFkGkps iwohZps eqG ukao dk; \ gk iz'u fo'ys"k.k dsY;koj vls letys dh gk okMk

rsFkhy

lqHksnkjkpk

gksrk

R;keqGs R;kyk lqHksnkj okMk Eg.kwu lacks/k.;kr vkys6½ ;k LFkGkps tru gksÅu fdrh o"kssZ >kys vkgs vkf.k dks.kR;k dkj.kkus >kys vkgs \ fooj.k 'kkGsP;k

okajokjhrk 6

dk;kZlkBh okLrq

6

fVdo.;klkBh ,dw.k

12

ojhy lkj.kho#u vls y{kkr ;srs dh] ;k LFkGkps tru dj.;kps dkj.k ;kps izek.k leku vkgs-

46

;ko#u 'kkGsP;k dk;kZlkBh o okM;kph okLrq fVdo.;klkBh tru dsY;kps letrsgk iz'u fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk gk okMk ykdMh

Lo#ikr

o"kkZiwohZ

gksrk

xsY;k

10

;k okM;kps flesaVP;k Lo#ikr

uwruhdj.k dj.;kr vkys7½ ;k LFkGkps oSf'k"V; lkaxw 'kdky \ ojhy iz'ukps fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk gk okMk eqxy

dkGkrhy

lqHksnkjkpk

gksrk-

vkf.k ;kp okM;kr ,d foghj gksrh R;k foghjhrwu Hkw;kjh ekxZ tkr vlY;kps letys rks ekxZ FksV f'kousjh fdYyk] nqxkZMh tkowu

fdYyk]

feGr

vls-

vk/kkjokMh ;k

okM;kr

;sFks iwohZ

esG;kps x.kirh clk;ps- ;ko#u vls letrs dh] ;k okM;kyk vewY; egRRo vkgs8½ ;k LFkGkps tru >kys rj rqEgkyk dk; okVrs \ dh ;kpk Qk;nk dks.kkyk >kyk vlkok47

fooj.k f'k{k.kklkBh laLd`frd dk;ZØe ,dw.k ojhy

lkj.kho#u

okajokjhrk 11 1 12 vls

letrs

dh]

;k

LFkGkpk Qk;nk lokZr tkLr f'k{k.kklkBh gksr vkgs rj lokZr deh lkaLd`frd dk;ZØe oxSjslkBh gksr vlY;kps letrsojhy fo'ys"k.k d#u vkEgkl vls lets dh] toG toG 100 o"kkZiwohZ gk okMk 'kkGsP;k VªLVyk ns.;kr vkyk rsOgkiklwu ;k okM;kr 'kkGk pkyoyh tkrsR;keqGs

;k

okM;kpk

Qk;nk

f'k{k.kklkBh gksr vls- rlsp ;sFks esG;kps x.kirh o lkaLd`rhd dk;ZØe ?ksrys tkr vls;ko#u vls lk/; gksrs dh] ;k okM;kr fofo/k ckcrhr Qk;nk gksr vkgs48

9½ ;k ,sfrgklhd LFkGkps tru dsY;kus uqdlku >kys dk \ 1- gks rj dk \ 2- ukgh rj dk \ fooj.k

okajokjhrk 6 6 12

gks; ukgh ,dw.k

ojhy lkj.kho#u vls y{kkr ;srs dh] ;k LFkGkps tru dsY;kus >kys o uqdlku >kys ukgh- Eg.k.kkÚ;kaps izek.k leku vlY;kps letrsojhy iz'ukps fo'ys"k.k dsY;kuarj vls lk/; >kys dh] cgqrsd t.k ;k nksUgh i;kZ;kps leFkZu djrkr- dkj.k ;k eqxy dkGkrhy

okM;kP;k

uqruhdj.k

dj.;kr

vkY;kus ;kph [kjh okLrw u"V >kyh vkgsrlsp ;kpk fo'kky ykdMh njoktk ljdkjh

49

jLR;kP;k

;kstusvarxZr

vkY;kus

rks

dk<.;kr vkykrlsp

dkgh

>kY;kps

t.k

uqruhdj.kkus

ukdkjrkr

dkj.k

;k

uqdlku okM;kps

f'k{k.kklkBh okij gksrks- rlsp ykdMh okM;kps flesaV okM;kr uqruhdj.k >kys vkgs-

50

10½

rqEgkyk

dk;

okVrs

dh]

;k

LFkGkpk mi;ksx yksd d'kkdjhrk djr vlkos \ fooj.k f'k{k.kklkBh lkaLd`frd dk;ZØe brj ,dw.k

okajokjhrk 9 2 1 12

ojhy lkj.kho#u vls y{kkr ;srs dh] ;k LFkGkpk

mi;ksx

yksd

lokZr

tkLr

f'k{k.kklkBh rj lokZr deh brj dk;kZlkBh djhr vlsojhy iz'ukps fo'ys"kk.ko#u vls vk
;sFks o

f'kdk;yk

;s.kkÚ;k

f'k{kdkalkBh

dk;ZØe

mi;ksx gksr vlkos51

rlsp

jkcfo.kkÚ;klkBh

11½

;k LFkGkoj ;s.kkÚ;k yksdkaps

izek.k fdrh vlkos \ f'k{k.k eaMG vlY;kus ;k LFkGkoj QDr f'k{k.k ?ks.kkjs fo|kFkhZ o f'k{kd oxZ rlsp dkgh yksdkaps izek.k vlrs vls fo'ys"k.kko#u lk/; gksr vkgs12½

rqeP;k ers LFkGkpk Qk;nk dk;

vlkok \ ;k LFkGkpk Qk;nk QDr 'kS{kf.kd o lkaLd`rhd dk;ZØe ?ks.kkÚ;kauk gksr vlkok ijarw ,d ,sfrgklhd LFkG vlY;kps lek/kku okVrs;ko#u vls lk/; gksrs dh] ;k LFkGkpk okij QDr f'k{k.kklkBhp gskr vkgs dkj.k gk okMk vkrk f'k{k.k eaMGkdMs vkgs52

13½

rqeP;k ers ;k LFkGkpk rksVk

dk; vlkok \ ;k LFkGkps dkgh o"kkZiwohZ uqruhdj.k dj.;kr vkys- R;keqGs gk tks ykdMhokMk gksrk th [kjh okLrw gksrh rh u"V >kyhrlsp okM;kps eq[; }kj ,d vkd"kZd gksrs R;kyk okpo.;klkBh ;sFkhy jfgok'kkauh ljdkjdMs fojks/k dsyk- ijarw rks njoktk dk<.;kr vkyk;ko#u vls lk/; gksrs dh] gk okMk tjh ufou cka/kyk vlyk rjh th [kjh okLrw vkgs rh u"V >kyh-

dY;k.k e/khy nqyZ{k gks.kkjs dY;k.k e/khy ,sfrgkfld LFkG nqyZ{k gks.kkjs ,sfrgkfld LFkG 53

oklqnsl cGoar QMds xqQk

54

55

dY;k.ke/khy nqyZ{khr gks.kkjs ,sfrgkfld LFkG 1- oklqnsl cGoar QMds xqQk % gs LFkG dY;k.k LVs'ku o#u 15 fefuVkoj vkgs-

gs

LFkG

usrhoyh

;k

ijhljkr

gkseckck VsdMh vkgs- R;k VsdMhoj gh xqQk vkgsoklqnso cGoar QMds gs egkjk"Vªkps vkn;

Økarhdkjd

O;Drhps

gksrs-

¼Økarhdkjdkps½

v'kk

egku

,d

LFkG

dY;k.ke/;s vkgs ;kpk vfHkeku okVrksfczVh'kkaP;k tqyeh jktkoVhfo#/n vkokt mBo.kkjs ;k ØkarhdkjdkP;k ukos tsOgk okWjaV dk
cGoar QMds Hktu fdrZu djhr vls ;kdjhrk rsFks ,d cl.;kdjhrk pkSFkjk cka/k.;kr vkyk vkgs- vkf.k rks vtwu vki.k ikgw 'kdrsk- ;k tkxsoj ;s.;kdjhrk LVs'kuo#u fj{kkph lks; vkgs- rlsp ;kaps vktoG ¼vkbZps xkao½ ;sFksp gktheyax jksM toGhy

usokGs

xkokr

vkgs-

R;kaP;k

vkbZP;k ?kjkdMs lq/nk dks.kh y{k fnys ukgh l/;k rs iM.;kP;k fLFkrhr vkys vkgs-

rF; ladyu oklqnso cGoar QMds xqQk % 3- rqEgh ;k LFkGkckcr dkgh ekfgrh lkaxw 'kdky \ gk iz'u fopkjyk vlrk vls letys dh] gh th xqQk

vkgs

rh

egkjk"Vªkps

vkn;

Økarhdkjd oklqnso cGoar QMds ;kaph xqQk vkgs R;kauh tsOgk baxztkafo#/n pGoGhr lgHkkx ?ksryk rsOgk baxztkauh R;kaP;kfo#/n

okWjaV

dk
gksrs-

rsOgk oklqnso cGoar QMds ;sFkhy gkse 57

ckck VsdMhoj vkys o R;kauh ;k xqQsP;k vktwcktwph o xqQsryh >qMi rksMwu ;sFks yio.;kps fBdk.k dsystsOgk tsOgk R;kaP;kfo#/n okWjaV fu? kk;ps rsOgk rs ;k fBdk.kh ;sÅu yir vls Eg.krkr dh] R;kaps v/ksZ vk;q"; ;k xqQsrp xssys vkgs R;kauk xkokrhy yksd enr djhr gksrs- rlsp R;kaP;k lkscr Hktu fdrZu djhr vlr4- ;k

,sfrgkfld

LFkGkps

iwohZps

eqGukao dk; \ ;k iz'ukps fo'ys"k.kko#u vls letys dh] ;k LFkGkps ukao oklqnso cGoar QMds mn;ku vkgsdkj.k ;sFks QDr oklqnso QMdsauhp fuokl

dsyk

gksrk-

R;keqGs

R;kP;k

ukoko#u gs ukao ;k LFkGkyk iMys-

58

5½ ;k LFkGkdMs nqyZ{k dk >kys vlkos \ ojhy

iz'ukps

LFkGkckcr

fo'ys"k.k

dsys

yksdkai;Zar

vlrk

ekfgrh

;k

ukgh

vkgs rlsp ;sFkhy jfgok'kh xjhc vlY;kus ;k LFkGkdMs nqyZ{k >kys vlkos;ko#u

vls

lk/;

gksrs

dh]

;k

LFkGkckcr tkx`ri.kk dj.ks vko';d vkgs7½ nqyZ{k gks.;kekxs tckcnkj dks.k vlkos \ ¼ljdkj @ lekt @ vktwcktwpk ijhlj½ fo'ys"k.kko#u vls lk/; gksrs dh] ;k LFkGkdMs nqyZ{k gks.;kekxs ;sFkhy ljdkj ;sFkhy lekt o vktwcktwpk ijhlj tckcnkj jfgok'kh

vkgs-

dkj.k

xjhc

;sFks

vlY;kus

jkg.kkjs rs

QDr

uxjlsodkadMs nsÅ 'kdrkr- rlps ;sFkhy vktwcktwpk os
ifjlj vkgs

nqyZ{k gksr vls59

>ksiMiV~Vhauh R;keqGs

ljdkjpsgh

;ko#u vls fl/n gksrs dh] nqyZ{k gks.;kekxs loZt.k tckcnkj vkgs vkf.k ;koj fopkj dj.ks xjtsps vkgs8½ iq<s

;k

LFkGkpk

iwuZokij

djrk

;sbZy dk \ ojhy fo'ys"k.kko#u vls lk/; gksrs dh] ;sFkhy LFkGkpk iwuZokij djrk ;sbZyijarw ;sFks ik.;kpk iz'u lqV.ks xjtsps vkgs- gk iz'u lqVY;koj ;sFks mn;ku r;kj d# 'kdrks rlsp gs fiduhd ikWbZaV cuw 'kdrs;ko#u vls lk/; gksrs dh] ;sFks tru dj.ks vfrvko';d vlY;kps letrs9½ gks rj R;klkBh rqEgh dk; @ d'kk izdkjs lgHkkx djky \ ojhy fo'ys"k.kko#u vls lk/; gksrs dh] ;k tkxsojhy jfgok'kh vxksnjp lgHkkx djr vlrdkj.k ;sFkhy yksd VsdMh mr#u 5&5 fyVjps dWu Hk#u ik.kh vk.kr o ;sFkhy 60

>kMkauk o vktwcktwpk ijhlj y{k Bsoys tkr vls;ko#u

vls

letrs

gks.ks

;sFkhy

dh

;k

tkxsps

jfgok'kkauk

tru

vkotwZu

okVrs- ijarw ;sFks ljdkjh ;a=.kk lgHkkx djr ukgh vls letrs10½

;kdMs

y{k

ns.;klkBh

jfgok'kkauh dkgh iz;Ru dsys dk \ fooj.k

okajokjhrk 2 10 12

gks; ukgh ,dw.k ojhy

lkj.kho#u

LFkGkdMs

y{k

vls

letrs

ns.;klkBh

dh]

;k

;sFkhy

jghok'kkauk dkgh iz;Ru dsys ulY;kps izek.k

vf/kd

vkgs

rj

dkgh

dj.kkÚ;kaps izek.k deh vkgs-

61

iz;Ru

;sFkhy jfgok'kh xjhc vlY;kus R;kauh ;sFkhy LFkkuhd uxjlsodkadMs vtZ fnyk ijarw rs rks vtZ iq<s ikBor uls vls er vkgsrlsp

;k

dqVwac

xqQasoj ;sFks

oklqnso R;aP;k

QMdsaph

iq.;rhFkh

o

t;arhP;k fno'kh dk;ZØe jkcorkr;ko#u

vls

lk/;

gksrs

dh]

vkiY;k

egkjk"Vªkps vkn;Økarhdkjdkph ,d xqQk dY;k.kyk

ykHkyh

i.k

rh

fVdo.;klkBh

dqBsrjh ljdkj ekxs iMr vkgs11½

;k

LFkGkps

tru

dsY;kl

dk;

Qk;nk gksbZy \ dk \ ojhy iz'ukps fo'ys"k.kko#u vls letrs dh] ;k LFkGkps tru >kY;koj ;kdMs yksdkaps y{k os/kys tkbZy o ;sFks ,d fiduhd ikWbZaV o i;ZVdkps vkd"kZd LFkG gksÅ 'kdrs- R;keqGs yksdkaps izek.k ok<sy o ;sFkhy fodkl gksbZy62

;ko#u vls fl/n gksrs dh] ;k LFkGkph tksikl.kk dsys rj ;kps fodkl gksÅ 'kdrs o yksdkauk fiduhd ikWbZaV gksbZy 12-;k LFkGkps tru dsY;kl dk; rksVk gksbZy dk \ ojhy fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk ;k iz'ukP;k fo#/n mRrj feGkys dkj.k lokZauk ;k LFkGkps tru >kY;koj rksVk gks.kkjp ukgh vls okVrs- dkj.k tru >kY;kus ;sFks yksdkaps]

i;ZVdkaps

izek.k

ok<sy-

;ko#u vls fl/n gksrs dh] ;k LFkGkoj y{k n;kos

v'kh

eksBh

vk'kk

okVrs-

yks.kkMph ys.kh

63

yksdkauk

64

yks.kkMph ys.kh yks.kkMph ys.kh gh dY;k.k LVs'kuo#u [kwi varjkoj Eg.kts 7 fd-eh- varjkoj vkgs- ;k fBdk.kh tk.;klkBh cl o fj{kkph lks; vkgsijarw rh jLR;ki;Zarp vkgs- iq<s Vw fOgyj us tkos ykxrs-

65

gh ys.kh ikaModkyhu ys.kh vkgs vls Eg.krkr dh] ikaMokaph ,dk fnolkph xkFkk vkgs- R;kryh gh ys.kh vkgs- ;k ys.khP;k cktwyk ,d ik.;kpk gkSn vkgs R;k gkSnhrwu Hkq;kjh ekxZ vlY;kps lkaxhrys tkrs- rks FksV fHkoaMhyk tkowu HksVrkstsFkwu dkgh varjkoj f'koeanhj vkgs gs lq/nk

ikaMokauh

cka/kY;kps

lkaxhrys

tkrs- ;k eanhjkph jpuk [kwi lqjs[k vkgs- i.k rh eksMdGhl vkyh vkgs- ;k eanhjkP;k ekxs eksBs ryko vkgs rs lq/nk R;kp dkGkrhy vkgs-

rF; ladyu 66

yksukMph ys.kh 3½ rqEgh ;k LFkGkckcr dkgh ekfgrh lkaxw 'kdky \ gk iz'u fopkjyk vlrk gs LFkG 1000 o"kkZiwohZps vlY;kps letys vkf.k gs ikaMokaP;k

dkGkrhy

vkgs-

rlsp

;k

LFkGkr [kaMs'oj nsokps eanhj vkgs vkf.k

,d

Eg.krkr

f'kodkyhu dh

gh

eanhj ys.kh

vkgs

vls

ikaMokauh

R;kaP;k ,dk fnolkrY;k fdrhZiSdh ,d vkgsrlsp dkgh viokn Eg.kwu ;srs letys dh gh 7 O;k 'krdkrhy vlwu Jh/kj ukokpk jktk gksrk R;kauh cka/kyk vlkok4½ ;k ,sfrgklhd LFkGkps ewG ukao dk; \ ;k iz'ukps fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk ;k LFkGkps ewGukao f'koeanhj vls EgVys tkrs- iajrw dkgh t.k yks.kkMph ys.kh rj f'kys/kkj vls Eg.krkr67

5½ ;k LFkGkdMs nqyZ{k dk >kys vlkos \ ojhy fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk vls letys dh] ;k fBdk.kh xzkeiapk;r] ljdkj ;kps nqyZ{k gksr pkyys vkgs- rlsp xkokrhy yksdgh y{k nsr ulr;ko#u vls lk/; gksrs dh] ljdkj lkscr ;sFkhy

xkokrhy

yksdkapsgh

;k

LFkGkdMs y{k nsr ulY;kps letrs7½ nqyZ{k gks.;kekxs tckcnkj dks.k vlkos \ ¼ljdkj @ lekt @ vktwcktwpk ijhlj½ gk iz'u fopkjyk vlrk fo'ys"k.kko#u vls letys

dh]

;k

LFkGkdMs

nqyZ{k

gks.;kekxs gs frUgh i;kZ; tckcnkj vkgsdkj.k

;k

fBdk.kh

jfgok'kkaps

gh

ljdkj

nqyZ{k

rlsp gksr

;sFkhy vkgs-

;sFkhy jfgok'kkauh ;k ys.khps dkgh Hkkx Lor%P;k ?kjh ?ksÅu xsys vkgsr68

;ko#u

vls

lk/;

gksrs

dh]

;sFkhy

jfgok'kkapk cstckcnkjikk fnlwu ;srks8½ iq<s

;k

LFkGkpk

iwuZokij

djrk

;sbZy \ ojhy fo'ys"k.kko#u vls vk
dY;k.ke/;s

;kckcr

ekfgrh

Dophr t.kkaukp vkgs o nqyZ{k gksr vkys vkgs9½ gks

rj

R;klkBh

rqEgh

dk;

@

d'kkizdkjs lgHkkx djky \ ;kckcr fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk vls letwu ;srs dh] ;sFks l/;k yksdkauh lkQlQkbZ o

69

,d= ;sÅu ekrh dk
vls

yksdkauh

lk/;

gksrs

Lor%gwu

dh]

dkghrjh

xkokrhy lgHkkx

djk;yk iq<s vkys vkgs10½

;kdMs

y{k

ns.;klkBh

;sFkhy

jfgok'kkauh dkgh iz;Ru dsys dk \ fooj.k

okajokjhrk 6 6 12

gks; ukgh ,dw.k

ojhy lkj.kho#u vls y{kkr ;srs dh] 12 t.kkaiSdh v/ksZ t.k ;k LFkGkdMs ;sFkhy jghok'kh y{kr nsr vlY;kps Eg.krkr rj v/ksZ t.k ;k LFkGkdMs y{k nsr ulY;kps Eg.krkrgks;- --- xzkeiapk;rhr lq/kkj.kklkBh vtZ dsyk vlwu dkgh lq/kkj.kk >kyh ukgh] vls er fo'ys"k.kko#u letys70

11½

;k LFkGkps tru dsY;kl dk; Qk;nk

gksbZy;kps Li"Vhdj.k vls dh] ;k LFkGkps tru dsY;kus yksdkaps izek.k ok<sy rlsp i;ZVdkaps izek.k ok<sy o xkokpkgh fodkl gksbZy12½

;k LFkGkps tru dsY;kl dk; rksVk

gksbZy \ dk \ ;k iz'ukps fo'ys"k.k dsys vlrk lokZaps er lekt vlY;kps letwu ;srs dkj.k tj ;sFks tru >kys rj ewGhp rksVk gks.kkj ukgh myV xkokpk fodkl gksbZy vls okVrs-

71

la'kks/kdkyk >kysyk cny ;k o"kZHkjkP;k izkslsle/;s vkeP;k xzqi e/;s dkgh cny >kysys vkgs rs cny dk; vkgsr rs vki.k ikgw ---1½ O;DrheRo % iwdkjP;k ;k fjlpZ izkslsl eqGs xzqie/khy dkgh xzqi esaclZph O;DrheRokr cny >kysys vkgs- ,[kkn;k lkekthd leL;sckcr fdaok R;k fo"k;koj fopkj d# ykxys72

vkiY;k

vkliklP;k

dkgh

leL;soj

fopkj

dj.;kph {kerk ok<w ykxyh2½ dkS'kY; % ;k izkslsl e/;s fofo/k izdkjps dkS'kY; xzqiyk f'kdrk vkf.k voxr djrk vkyheqyk[kr d'kh ?;k;ph] eqyk[kr ?ksrkuk d'kkizdkjs dkS'kY;

laokn xzqi

lk/k.ks esaclZ

;k

izdkjps

f'kdys-

rls

vkRefo'okl laHkk"k.k dkS'kY;] bOgsaV eWust]

izs>saVs'ku

dkS'kY;

f'kd.;kl

feGkys3½ Kku % nj eghU;kyk gks.kkÚ;k feVhaXl e/;s fofo/k fo"k;koj ppkZ gksr- rlsp dE;qfuVh bOgsaV] R;k R;k {ks=kr tkowu fofo/k yksdka'kh

HksVwu

laokn

lk/kY;kus

fofo/k izdkjps Kku izkIr >kys[kjap iwdkj ;k laLFkssph gh ;qFk Qsyksf'ki

;k

izksxzkeeqGs

xzqie/khy

dkgh xzqi esaclZph fopkj 'kSyhr cny 73

>kyk

svkf.k

ldkjkRed

fopkj

dj.;kl

f'kdysr-

fu"d"kZ dY;k.ke/khy ,sfrgkfld LFkGkps gks.kkjs tru vkf.k gks.kkjs nqyZ{k ;kP;k erkapk vH;kl

djrkauk

,sfrgklhd feGkysY;k

dY;k.kP;k

LFkGkP;k

50

rF;krwu

gh

ifjljkrhy

eqyk[krhrwu dkgh

BGd

fu"d"kZ1- tru >kysY;k fBdk.kkaps tru gksÅu fdeku 10&15 o"ksZ >kys2- rsFkhy

oSf'k"V;

vlysys

eqn~ns

fVdfo.;klkBh iquZ%fuekZ.k dj.;kr vkys3- ljdkjus

vkiY;k

Qk;n;klkBh

tru

dsys

R;keqGs yksdkaP;k Hkkoukapk fopkj dsyk ukgh4- tru >kY;kus Qk;nk gksr vkgs ijarw [kjh okLrw u"V >kyh-

74

5- LFkGkps tru dsY;kus uqdlkugh >kys vkf.k Qk;nkgh >kyk vkgs6- nqyZ{khr LFkGkdMs nqyZ{k gks.;kekxs rsFkhy jfgok'kh] ljdkj vkf.k ijhlj tckcnkj vkgs7- nqyZ{khr LFkGkpk iwuZokij dsY;kus vusd Qk;ns gksÅ 'kdrkr4- R;k LFkGkdMs dkgh t.kkauh Lor%gwu y{k ns.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- ijarw ljdkjh enr feGr ukgh5- ,dkp 'kgjkr ljdkjps nksu iSyw fnlwu vkys- Eg.kts ljdkjus fnysys y{k vkf.k fnysys nqyZ{k-

lqpuk 1- dY;k.ke/khy ukxjhdkauk ;k ekSY;oku ,sfrgklhd LFkGkckcr tkx`drk ukgh vkgsR;keqGs ljdkjus fdaok lkekftd laLFkkauh

75

;kckcr yksdkai;Zar ekfgrh iksgkspo.ks xjtsps vkgs2- jfgok'kkauk R;k R;k LFkGkaps egRo iVowu ns.ks xjtsps vkgs3- nqyZ{khr LFkGklkBh ljdkjus fo'ks"k y{k fnys ikfgts-

76

77