Puja Released As Soyabean New Variety In Nepal

Registration of ‘Puja‘Soybean’ N.K.Yadav,*R.Daara R.K.Neupane*,A.Sarker**,W Erskine**, Abstract

‘Puja’ Soybean (Glycine max Merrill) was introduced in 1991 intoNepal as PK 416 from Pantnagar Agriculture University, Pantnagar, India in National Grain legumes Research Program, Rampur and released for cultivation in Terai/inner terai and mid hills bari land system under soybean mono crop or intercrop with maizein 2005 by the Variety release, recommendation and registration committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Government of Nepal Puja is a high yielding, soybean cultivars with lodging resistance .It produced an average Grain yield of 1660(706-2513) kg ha-1 compared to check cobb 1495(748-2131) kg ha -1, an increase of 11.04% It is tolerant to drought, a consequence of its rapid grain filling capacity and early maturity. Farmers are attracted to the variety because of its consistent yield over the years and its better cooking quality.

Introduction The ‘Puja’ variety of Soybean (Glycine max Merrill) was introduced in 1991 into Nepal as PK 416 from Pantnagar Agriculture University, Pantnagar, India in National Grain legumes Research Program, Rampur and released in 2005 by National Seed Board of Nepal. Agriculture is still predominates in Nepal where 66% of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood. Sixty one percent of total cultivated land (3,091,000 ha) is rain-fed where food legumes can be successfully grown under different Cropping pattern: Food legumes, commonly known as pulses are important crops of Nepal. They play a crucial role in attaining food & nutritional security and alleviating poverty by raising farm income and uplifting the living standards of poor farmers in rural areas. Total area of food legumes is 313,561 ha with production of 267,449 metric tones given productivity of 853 kg/ha. (2006, MOAC). Soybean is the major legumes for mid hills of Nepal. Its cropped area has increased from 21543 ha to 23100 ha (1994/95 to 2005/06). The productivity has also increased from 654 kg/ha to 891 kg/ha during that period. There is thus an ascending trend of area and productivity of soybean over years in Nepal. Adoption of the newly released variety will lead to further increases. This variety has already come to promising line only within a few years of studies and performing very well in on station and on farm trials conducted at different location during 1991to 2004/05. It has been already tested in farmer's field under participatory varietal selection trial and other agronomical studies.This variety can be successfully grown in low fertility, maize-fallow and maize-toria cropping patterns. This variety can be easily fitted to the popular cropping patterns maize-soybean and Early Maize-Soybean-toria in Terai, Inner terai and Foothills it is

also suitable for intercropping of Maize + Soybean as well as bund planting on Rice field

Methods of development & statistical analysis Methodology The National Grain Legumes Research Program of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), received the line PK 416 from Pantnagar Agriculture University, Pantnagar, India in 1991. It was developed at pantnagar through hybridization of using pedigree methods. It was included in the testing program as PK 416 in the. It was identified as a promising line from the Soybean Yield Trial during the 1990/91-summer season. After seed increase in the 1991/92 season, it was evaluated at 10 research stations of NARC (representing Soybean-growing environments in Nepal) in the National yield testing program from 1992/93 to 2003/04. Compared to the widely grown cobb variety PK 416 has given 11% higher grain yield in National yield trials (CVT) and 28.7 % higher grain yield in Coordinated farmers’ fields trials (CFFT). It has wide adaptability from the terai(228masl )to the hill station at Jumla (2300masl). Statistical analysis An Observation nursery was conducted at Nglrp Rampur during 1990/91,during 199192 it was tested in, initialevaluation trials while during 1992/93 It was tested as yield trial at central part (NGLRP,Rampur) and ( DOA Khumaltar) of Nepal. From 1993/04 to 2001/02 Puja was tested with other 14 lines including check cobb at 25 environments in 4 sites of the country from terai to high hills as coordinated varietal trials. It was planted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The field plots consisted of six rows 4 m in length and 0.40 m in row spacing (effective plot area 9.6 m2). The four center rows were harvested for seed yield and other agronomic characters. Data were analyzed by M stat-c . Statistical data of grain yield show significant differences and it produced 11 % higher yield than check.(table-1).

Genotype and

environment inter action was also estimated and found significant. It was tested in farmers field to get the farmers reaction about this variety as compare to their local cultivars as well as standard check cobb. Statistical analysis showed significant over check at 5% level. Farmers reaction was positive for Puja.,. Farmers are attracted to the

variety because of its consistent yield over the years and its better cooking quality, shining seed, a consequence of its rapid grain filling capacity and early maturity Table-Summary of seed yields data of Puja at different environment as compare to check (Simal) from 1990/91 to2002/03. Experiment

Numberof

Environment

Grain yield of

Grain yield of Check

% Change

Observation nursery Initial evaluation

environment 2 4

Year 1991/92 1992/93-93/94

Puja (kg/ha) 1360 1300

(cobb,kg/ha) 1240 1210

Trial Coordinated varietal

45

1993/94-

1182*(734-

904(543-1475)

30.7

trial Farmers field Trial

29

2001/02 1996/97-

1687) 1274*(963-

990(903-1316)

28.7

2002/03

1699)

Characteristics of the variety Agronomic and botanical descriptions It has creamy white Seeds color, Medium bold Seed size, Green Hypocotyls color, White Flower color:, Leaf shape Broad, Erect Growth habits, Brown yellow pigmentation on Pod, Plant , Dark Green Pigmentation on plant, with Determinate Plant . Major identifying characteristics of this variety are: Erect determinate Plant type ,whiteFlower color: , Dark green Foliage color: Brownish Pubescence: .

and and

Plant height (cm): 60 (54-68) Days to flowering from seeding: 63(52-76) Days to maturity from seeding: 125 days (115-138 days) Average yield 1660 kg/ha (7062513 kg/ha), Average pods/plant-72 (52-128), 2 seeds/pod & Average 100 seed weight 13.5 gm / (12-17 gm) 0 1Processingquality: It can be used as a good supplemental food with cereal especially in the underdeveloped country where people suffer from mal-nutrition. Soybean is a high in protein and is used for making many tasty and wholesome foods. As a human food soybean seed is utilized in many ways; green pods as vegetables and dry seeds eaten roasted or fried. Soybean oil is used for manufacturing vegetable ghee. Oil from soybean can also be used as cooking oil. Soybean is used to prepare baby food and food for diabetic patients. Soybean cake and meal are utilized for preparing various livestock and poultry feeds. Soybean crop can be used as green manure and as a fodder crop. 2Organoleptic test Good cooking quality and tastier than local. It showed preferable aroma after chewing (splitting roasted soybean)Its oil contains linolic acid that helps to minimize the cholesterol and blood pressure consequently and it reduces the danger of heart attack by 28% (Stork 2002) Taste of this variety is good. Therefore, this variety has great potential in marketing. Price is also similar to bold seeded and local black varieties. Currently, farmers’ group of Chitwan, and Chilaunebas, Syangja have saved the seeds of this variety for the next year seed production program. 0Disease resistance-. Insects: Less affected by pod borer and aphid 1Diseases: Tolerant to Soybean mosaic, Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) & Bacterial pustule. 2Weeds (if any): Because of its fast growing habit, normally less affected by weeds, however, soybean field should be kept weed free up to 6 weeks from sowing to achieve better yield. Abiotic stresses if anyIt can be grown in dry as well as high moisture condition in all types of soils. Field performance Most of the farmers preferred PK 416 because of higher grain yield, attractive seed coat texture, medium bold seed, early maturity and suitable under maize based cropping system. This variety fetches good market price i.e. up to Rs 50/kg in Chilaunebas, Syangja. 0Seed composition - Puja has 37.9% crude proteins and 21.23% crude oil/fat and 5.21% ash (total minerals) expressed in moisture free (dry weight)(Food Research Unit, 2005).

Seed availability Breeder seed of about 200 kg of Puja is available at National Grain Legumes Research program, Rampur a leading institute for Grain legumes. Foundation seed about 500kg of Puja available at NGLRP,Rampur Some seed community group is also growing foundation seed of Puja. While certified seed is grown by the National seed company and other seed grower.

References . N.K.Yadav.and R Darai,2006 .Proposal for variety release and registration committee, National seed Board; Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Nepal MOAC, 2004. Statistical information on Nepalese Agriculture 2003/04.HMG, Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operative. Business promotion and agriculture statistics division, Kathmandu, Nepal. • • • •

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