Psycho Social Development Of Erik Erikson

sychosocial Developmen of Erik Erikson

Erik Erikson •

Original name was Homburger, until he went to

the US •

Born in Frankfurt, Germany on June 15, 1902

•

Biological father: unnamed Danish man

•

His mother was Karla Abrahamsen

•

Married JoanCAREER Serson, had 3 children •

Taught art at an experimental school for American boys

•

Gathered a certificate in Montessori teaching

•

Was offered a position in Harvard Medical school

•

Later on practiced child psychoanalysis privately.

•

Taught at Yale and later still at University of California

•

Wrote Child and Society in 1950

Erik Erikson Erik Erikson worked with Sigmund Freud in Austria. After his mentor died, he continued with Sigmund's daughter Anna Freud. Like others among Freud's followers, Erikson initially felt that his own theory was simply an elaboration of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. Eventually, though, he decided he disagreed with too many of Freud's key points. He felt Freud was correct in noting that people go

through

specific

stages

in

developing

their

personalities, but he came to believe that Freud had overemphasized the role that sexual development plays and

that

Freud

had

neglected

adult

personality

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT •

One of the best-known theories of personality in psychology

•

Personality develops in a series of stages

•

Describes the impact of social experience across the whole

lifespan •

Describes eight developmental stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late

adulthood •

In each stage the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS STAGES Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs.Despair

PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES STAGE 1: INFANCY (Birth – 18 months) Psychosocial Crisis: Basic Strength: Relationship:

Trust vs. Mistrust Drive and Hope Mother

Maladaptation/Malignancy: Sensory Distortion / Withdrawal Freudian Psychosexual Stage: + MAIN TASK: To develop TRUST without completely eliminating the capacity for MISTRUST. + MAIN QUESTION: Is my environment trustworthy or not? + MAIN THOUGHT: I can be safe + WHAT TO DO: Give good quality of care. This means, consistency and regularity in

Oral

PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES STAGE 2: MUSCULAR-ANAL (1 1/2 – 3 years) Psychosocial Crisis: Doubt Basic Strength: Relationship:

Autonomy vs. Shame &

Willpower and Self-control Parents Maladaptation/Malignancy: Impusivity/Copmpulsion Freudian Psychosexual Stage: Anal + MAIN TASK: To achieve autonomy while minimizing shame and doubt. + MAIN QUESTION: Do I need help from others. + MAIN THOUGHT: independent.

I

can

be

+ WHAT TO DO: Do not over-protect; be firm; show patience and tolerance

PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES STAGE 3: PLAY AGE (3 – 6 Years) Psychosocial Crisis: Basic Strength: Relationship:

Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose and Direction Family Maladaptation/Malignancy: Ruthlessness / Inhibition Freudian Psychosexual Stage: Phallic + MAIN TASK: To develop confidence in self-starting and self-guidance. Learn INITIATIVE without too much GUILT + MAIN QUESTION: How moral am I? + MAIN THOUGHT: I can do + WHAT TO DO: Do not over-protect; be firm; show patience and tolerance

PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES STAGE 4: SCHOOL AGE (6 – 12 Years) Psychosocial Crisis: Basic Strength: Relationship:

Industry vs. Inferiority Competence and Method Neighbourhood and School Maladaptation/Malignancy: Narrow Virtuosity / Inertia Freudian Psychosexual Stage: Latency + MAIN TASK: To develop a capacity for industry while avoiding excessive sense of inferiority. Develop a sense of achievement and competence. + MAIN QUESTION: Am I good at what I do? + MAIN THOUGHT: I Can Enjoy and Finish What I Do + WHAT TO DO: Encouragement of goodefforts from parents and teachers; Give positive feedback when the child shows/showed good

PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES STAGE 5: ADOLESCENCE (12 – 18 Years) Psychosocial Crisis: Basic Strength: Relationship:

Identity vs. Role Confusion Devotion and Fidelity Peers, Groups, Influences Maladaptation/Malignancy: Fanaticism / Repudiation Freudian Psychosexual Stage: Puberty and Genitality + MAIN TASK: To discover who we are as individuals separate from our family of origins and become members of a wider society. + MAIN QUESTION: Who am I? + MAIN THOUGHT: I am + WHAT TO DO: Should be given freedom to explore the different options in life – but with proper guidance.

PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES STAGE 6: YOUNG ADULTHOOD (18 – 35 Years) Psychosocial Crisis: Basic Strength: Relationship:

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Affiliation and Love Lovers and Friends Maladaptation/Malignancy: Promiscuity / Exclusivity Freudian Psychosexual Stage: Genitality + MAIN TASK: To search for a “soulmate” or someone to share life with. + MAIN THOUGHT: I can be loved. + WHAT TO DO: One must first establish a sense of identity before true intimacy can be found.

PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES STAGE 7: MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (35 – 55 Years) Psychosocial Crisis:

Generativity vs. Self absorption or

Stagnation

Basic Strength: Relationship:

Production and Care

Maladaptation/Malignancy:

Overextension / Rejectivity

Children and Community

+ MAIN TASK: To help and guide the younger generation. + MAIN QUESTION: What am I doing all this for? + MAIN THOUGHT: I want to spread love. + WHAT TO DO: Having made good decisions in the previous stages, that could be passed on to the younger generation

PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES STAGE 8: LATE ADULTHOOD (55 – Death) Psychosocial Crisis: Basic Strength: Relationship:

Integrity vs. Despair Wisdom Society, World, Life Maladaptation/Malignancy: Presumption / Disdain + MAIN TASK: Reflect on one's life + MAIN QUESTION: What kind of life have I lived? + MAIN THOUGHT: I am wise + WHAT TO DO: Having made good decisions in the previous stages