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Pygmalion (pĭg-māl'yən, -mā'lē-ən) Sponsored Links Valodu Kursi Valodu centrs Pygmalion Dažadu valodu kursi www.pygmalion.lv
n. Greek Mythology. A king of Cyprus who carved and then fell in love with a statue of a woman, which Aphrodite brought to life as Galatea.
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Music Encyclopedia Pygmalion Acte de ballet (in one act) by Rameau to a libretto by Sovot after La Motte (1748, Paris).
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Classical Literature Companion Pygmālion 1. Legendary king of Tyre, brother of Elissa (Dido), whose husband Sychaeus he killed in the hope of obtaining his fortune. 2. Legendary king of Cyprus, who fell in love with a beautiful statue (according to Ovid made by himself). He prayed to Aphroditē to give him a wife resembling the statue; and she did more than this, for she gave the statue life, and Pygmalion married the woman so created. Their child was Paphos, the mother of Cinyras. Sponsored Links Ef Zin Real Estate Crete Find Quality of Life in your home on Crete-Greece. Ask us for info ! www.efzin-property.gr Real Estate Real Estate Greece Italy and Real Estate Commecial www.atlas-realestate.com
Mythology Dictionary Pygmalion (pig-MAY-lee-uhn) In classical mythology, a sculptor who at first hated women but then fell in love with a statue he made of a woman. He prayed to Venus that she would find him a woman like the statue. Instead, Venus made the statue come to life. The playPygmalion, by George Bernard Shaw, adapts this theme: a professor trains a girl from the gutter to speak and behave like a lady, and then he and his new creation become attached to each other. This play became the basis for the musical comedy My Fair Lady. Adorning every public street And seem to breathe in stone, or move their marble feet."
Sources
The Greek sources of Ovid's tale are fully discussed at Galatea.
Re-interpretations of Pygmalion
Pygmalion and Galatea (1890) by Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824-1904) The basic Pygmalion story has been widely transmitted and re-presented in the arts through the centuries. At an unknown date, later authors give the name of the statue as the sea-nymph Galatea or Galathea. Goethe calls her Elise, based upon the variants in the story of Dido/Elissa. In the Middle Ages Pygmalion was held up as an example of the excesses of idolatry, probably spurred by Clement of Alexandria's suggestion that Pygmalion had carved an image of Aphrodite herself. Although, by the 18th century it was a highly influential love-story, seen as such in Rousseau's musical play of the story. By the 19th century, the story often becomes one in which the awakened beloved rejects Pygmalion; although she comes alive, she is initially cold and unattainable. A twist on this theme can also be seen in the story of Pinocchio where a wooden puppet is transformed into a real boy, though in this case the puppet possesses sentience prior to its transformation, and it is the puppet and not the woodcarver (sculptor) who beseeches the miracle.
Paintings The story has been the subject of notable paintings by Jean-Léon Gérôme, Honoré Daumier, Edward Burne-Jones (four major works from 1868-1870, then again in larger versions from 1875-1878), Auguste Rodin, Ernest Normand, Paul Delvaux, Francisco Goya, Franz von Stuck, Francois Boucher, and Thomas Rowlandson, among others. There have also been numerous sculptures of the 'awakening'.
Literature
Ovid's Pygmalion has also provided inspiration for several works of literature, including William Morris's Earthly Paradise, and Friedrich Schiller's Ideals. Both Morris and Schiller described the statue as made of marble. In Tommaso Landolfi's short story 'La moglie di Gogol' ('The Wife of Gogol'), the protagonist is in love with an inflatable doll of his own creation named Caracas, who proves an unsettling presence in the house as she becomes increasingly human-like, even infecting him with a sexually transmitted disease as if she were a real adulterous wife. Gogol eventually decides to destroy the doll by over-inflating her. The legend also formed the inspiration for Galatea 2.2, a novel by Richard Powers and Carol Ann Duffy's poem Pygmalion's Bride. The story is also referenced in Nathanial Hawthorne's "The Birthmark".
Opera and music The story of Pygmalion is the subject of Jean-Philippe Rameau's 1748 opera, Pigmalion. It was also the subject of Gaetano Donizetti's first opera, Il Pigmalione. A modern interpretation of the story of Pygmalion is from the English progressive rock group Yes. They composed the song "Turn Of The Century" on 1977's Going For The One. With the music written by drummer Alan White and lyrics by singer Jon Anderson, it tells the story of the sculptor Roan who, in the grief of his wife's death, "molds his passion into clay." The sculpture of his wife comes to life and they fall in love.
Stage plays
W. S. Gilbert's version, 1871 There have also been successful stage-plays based upon the work, such as W. S. Gilbert's Pygmalion and Galatea (1871). George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion (1912, staged 1914) owes something to both the Greek Pygmalion and the legend of "King Cophetua and the beggar maid"; in which a King lacks interest in women, but one day falls in love with a young beggar-girl, later educating her to be
his Queen. Shaw's comedy of manners in turn was the basis for the comedic Broadway musical My Fair Lady (1956).
Films Notable 20th century feature films are My Fair Lady (1964, based on the stage play); Mighty Aphrodite by director Woody Allen; and the film Mannequin, a remake of the 1948 classic One Touch of Venus, as well as S1m0ne (featuring a computer-generated AI as the love object). And in a lighter tone, The Rocky Horror Picture Show spoofed the myth under the guise of sexual perversion while many films have dealt collaterally with this theme. One such film is Vertigo. The popular horror genre in film has also had an interest in 'bringing to life' waxwork figures and show-room dummies (see: Waxworks: A Cultural Obsession by Michelle Bloom). Many horror films deviate considerably from the original story; for example, in The Stepford Wives (1975) the creators turn their living wives into inanimate (robotic, compliant) wives. Likewise, the legend serves as the inspiration for one of the Lineages, the Galatea, that appears in the White Wolf role-playing game Promethean: The Created.
Television •
The American TV series My Living Doll portrayed a female robot whose creators attempted to transform her into a "perfect woman".
•
The Japanese anime series Bubblegum Crisis: Tokyo 2040 includes a character named Galatea, an artificial life form designed to be the next evolution of the human race.
•
In Justice League Unlimited, Emile Hamilton creates a clone of Supergirl, that he names Galatea.
Notes 1. ^ "...the woman bore a son, Paphos, from whom the island takes its name." Ovid, Metamorphoses X.297
Further reading •
Essaka Joshua. (2001). Pygmalion and Galatea: The History of a Narrative in English Literature. Ashgate.
•
Kenneth Gross. (1992). The Dream of the Moving Statue. Cornell University Press. (A wide-ranging survey of 'living statues' in literature and the arts).
•
Jack Burnham. Beyond Modern Sculpture (1982). Allan Lane. (A history of 'living statues' and the fascination with automata - see the introductory chapter: "Sculpture and Automata").
•
Ernst Buschor. Vom Sinn der griechischen Standbilder (1942). (Clear discussion of attitudes to sculptural images in classical times).
•
Gail Marshall. (1998). Actresses on the Victorian Stage: Feminine Performance and the Galatea Myth. Cambridge University Press.
•
Alexandra K. Wettlaufer. (2001). Pen Vs. Paintbrush: Girodet, Balzac, and the Myth of Pygmalion in Post-Revolutionary France. Palgrave Macmillan.
•
Danahay, Martin A. (1994) "Mirrors of Masculine Desire: Narcissus and Pygmalion in Victorian Representation". Victorian Poetry, No. 32, 1994: pages 35-53.
•
Edward A. Shanken. (2005) “Hot 2 Bot: Pygmalion’s Lust, the Maharal’s Fear, and the Cyborg Future of Art,” Technoetic Arts 3:1: 43-55. http://artexetra.com/Hot2Bot.pdf
•
(2005). Almost Human: Puppets, Dolls and Robots in Contemporary Art, Hunterdon Museum of Art, Clinton, NJ. (Catalogue for a group exhibition Mar 20 - Jun 12 2005)
See also • • •
Narcissus Statuephilia Pinocchio
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pygmalion and Galatea • •
English-translation text of Ovid's poem. Latin original, lines 243-297, at http://thelatinlibrary.com
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer) Donate to Wikimedia
Greek Mythology
www.pantheon.org Sponsored Links Hermes Hotel Athens Our Fresh renovated hotel near the market of Plaka Athens www.hermeshotel.gr Greek Cruise 30% discount Greek Islands Cruises up to 30% off & Free Hotel stay in Athens, Greece www.Cruise.Gr Join the WikiAnswers Q&A community. Post a question or answer questions about "Pygmalion" at WikiAnswers.
Copyrights: Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more American Theater Guide. The Oxford Companion to American Theatre. Copyright © 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more Music Encyclopedia. The Concise Grove Dictionary of Music. Copyright © 1994 by Oxford University Press, Inc.. All rights reserved. Read more Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more Classical Literature Companion. The Concise Oxford Companion to Classical Literature. Copyright © 1993, 2003 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Read more Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/ Read more Mythology Dictionary. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Edited by E.D. Hirsch, Jr., Joseph F. Kett, and James Trefil. Copyright © 2002 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved. Read more Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Pygmalion (mythology)". Read more
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George Bernard Shaw, James Hynes, William-Alan Landes, Dan H. Laurence, Bernard Shaw - Pygmalion: With Connections A Romance in Five Acts
Stephen Montgomery - Pygmalion Project: Love and Coercion Among the Types The Guardian
Coupe Soup Bowl in the Pygmalion pattern by Imperial (Japan) Replacements, Ltd. $ 10.49
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Pygmalion (pĭg-māl'yən, -mā'lē-ən) Sponsored Links Valodu Kursi Valodu centrs Pygmalion Dažadu valodu kursi www.pygmalion.lv
n. Greek Mythology. A king of Cyprus who carved and then fell in love with a statue of a woman, which Aphrodite brought to life as Galatea.
Home Business Entertainment Travel Words More...
WebNewsImagesShopping Page Tools ▼ Print this page Send to friend Personalize
Library Arts Business
Food
Health
People
Reference
Shopping
Entertainment Food Government Health Legal Leisure Military People Reference Religion Science Shopping Sports Travel Words Zoology More... Sponsored Links Mother of God & the Full Truth About What Really Happened to theCatholic Church after Vatican II www.mostholyfamilymonastery.com Is Religion the Problem? Or the Solution? Our In-depth Study Makes Plain the Answer. www.RealTruth.org
Music Encyclopedia Pygmalion Acte de ballet (in one act) by Rameau to a libretto by Sovot after La Motte (1748, Paris).
Sponsored Links Resorts in Corfu-Greece luxurious pool villas and apartm. 120 m from sandbeach Kontogialos www.corfuresorts.gr Stock Option Greeks Dr. Terry Allen teaches the basics about stock greeks. (distributor) www.TerrysTips.com/
Classical Literature Companion Pygmālion 1. Legendary king of Tyre, brother of Elissa (Dido), whose husband Sychaeus he killed in the hope of obtaining his fortune. 2. Legendary king of Cyprus, who fell in love with a beautiful statue (according to Ovid made by himself). He prayed to Aphroditē to give him a wife resembling the statue; and she did more than this, for she gave the statue life, and Pygmalion married the woman so created. Their child was Paphos, the mother of Cinyras. Sponsored Links Ef Zin Real Estate Crete Find Quality of Life in your home on Crete-Greece. Ask us for info ! www.efzin-property.gr Real Estate Real Estate Greece Italy and Real Estate Commecial www.atlas-realestate.com
Mythology Dictionary Pygmalion (pig-MAY-lee-uhn) In classical mythology, a sculptor who at first hated women but then fell in love with a statue he made of a woman. He prayed to Venus that she would find him a woman like the statue. Instead, Venus made the statue come to life. The playPygmalion, by George Bernard Shaw, adapts this theme: a professor trains a girl from the gutter to speak and behave like a lady, and then he and his new creation become attached to each other. This play became the basis for the musical comedy My Fair Lady. Adorning every public street And seem to breathe in stone, or move their marble feet."
Sources
The Greek sources of Ovid's tale are fully discussed at Galatea.
Re-interpretations of Pygmalion
Pygmalion and Galatea (1890) by Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824-1904) The basic Pygmalion story has been widely transmitted and re-presented in the arts through the centuries. At an unknown date, later authors give the name of the statue as the sea-nymph Galatea or Galathea. Goethe calls her Elise, based upon the variants in the story of Dido/Elissa. In the Middle Ages Pygmalion was held up as an example of the excesses of idolatry, probably spurred by Clement of Alexandria's suggestion that Pygmalion had carved an image of Aphrodite herself. Although, by the 18th century it was a highly influential love-story, seen as such in Rousseau's musical play of the story. By the 19th century, the story often becomes one in which the awakened beloved rejects Pygmalion; although she comes alive, she is initially cold and unattainable. A twist on this theme can also be seen in the story of Pinocchio where a wooden puppet is transformed into a real boy, though in this case the puppet possesses sentience prior to its transformation, and it is the puppet and not the woodcarver (sculptor) who beseeches the miracle.
Paintings The story has been the subject of notable paintings by Jean-Léon Gérôme, Honoré Daumier, Edward Burne-Jones (four major works from 1868-1870, then again in larger versions from 1875-1878), Auguste Rodin, Ernest Normand, Paul Delvaux, Francisco Goya, Franz von Stuck, Francois Boucher, and Thomas Rowlandson, among others. There have also been numerous sculptures of the 'awakening'.
Literature
Ovid's Pygmalion has also provided inspiration for several works of literature, including William Morris's Earthly Paradise, and Friedrich Schiller's Ideals. Both Morris and Schiller described the statue as made of marble. In Tommaso Landolfi's short story 'La moglie di Gogol' ('The Wife of Gogol'), the protagonist is in love with an inflatable doll of his own creation named Caracas, who proves an unsettling presence in the house as she becomes increasingly human-like, even infecting him with a sexually transmitted disease as if she were a real adulterous wife. Gogol eventually decides to destroy the doll by over-inflating her. The legend also formed the inspiration for Galatea 2.2, a novel by Richard Powers and Carol Ann Duffy's poem Pygmalion's Bride. The story is also referenced in Nathanial Hawthorne's "The Birthmark".
Opera and music The story of Pygmalion is the subject of Jean-Philippe Rameau's 1748 opera, Pigmalion. It was also the subject of Gaetano Donizetti's first opera, Il Pigmalione. A modern interpretation of the story of Pygmalion is from the English progressive rock group Yes. They composed the song "Turn Of The Century" on 1977's Going For The One. With the music written by drummer Alan White and lyrics by singer Jon Anderson, it tells the story of the sculptor Roan who, in the grief of his wife's death, "molds his passion into clay." The sculpture of his wife comes to life and they fall in love.
Stage plays
W. S. Gilbert's version, 1871 There have also been successful stage-plays based upon the work, such as W. S. Gilbert's Pygmalion and Galatea (1871). George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion (1912, staged 1914) owes something to both the Greek Pygmalion and the legend of "King Cophetua and the beggar maid"; in which a King lacks interest in women, but one day falls in love with a young beggar-girl, later educating her to be
his Queen. Shaw's comedy of manners in turn was the basis for the comedic Broadway musical My Fair Lady (1956).
Films Notable 20th century feature films are My Fair Lady (1964, based on the stage play); Mighty Aphrodite by director Woody Allen; and the film Mannequin, a remake of the 1948 classic One Touch of Venus, as well as S1m0ne (featuring a computer-generated AI as the love object). And in a lighter tone, The Rocky Horror Picture Show spoofed the myth under the guise of sexual perversion while many films have dealt collaterally with this theme. One such film is Vertigo. The popular horror genre in film has also had an interest in 'bringing to life' waxwork figures and show-room dummies (see: Waxworks: A Cultural Obsession by Michelle Bloom). Many horror films deviate considerably from the original story; for example, in The Stepford Wives (1975) the creators turn their living wives into inanimate (robotic, compliant) wives. Likewise, the legend serves as the inspiration for one of the Lineages, the Galatea, that appears in the White Wolf role-playing game Promethean: The Created.
Television •
The American TV series My Living Doll portrayed a female robot whose creators attempted to transform her into a "perfect woman".
•
The Japanese anime series Bubblegum Crisis: Tokyo 2040 includes a character named Galatea, an artificial life form designed to be the next evolution of the human race.
•
In Justice League Unlimited, Emile Hamilton creates a clone of Supergirl, that he names Galatea.
Notes 1. ^ "...the woman bore a son, Paphos, from whom the island takes its name." Ovid, Metamorphoses X.297
Further reading •
Essaka Joshua. (2001). Pygmalion and Galatea: The History of a Narrative in English Literature. Ashgate.
•
Kenneth Gross. (1992). The Dream of the Moving Statue. Cornell University Press. (A wide-ranging survey of 'living statues' in literature and the arts).
•
Jack Burnham. Beyond Modern Sculpture (1982). Allan Lane. (A history of 'living statues' and the fascination with automata - see the introductory chapter: "Sculpture and Automata").
•
Ernst Buschor. Vom Sinn der griechischen Standbilder (1942). (Clear discussion of attitudes to sculptural images in classical times).
•
Gail Marshall. (1998). Actresses on the Victorian Stage: Feminine Performance and the Galatea Myth. Cambridge University Press.
•
Alexandra K. Wettlaufer. (2001). Pen Vs. Paintbrush: Girodet, Balzac, and the Myth of Pygmalion in Post-Revolutionary France. Palgrave Macmillan.
•
Danahay, Martin A. (1994) "Mirrors of Masculine Desire: Narcissus and Pygmalion in Victorian Representation". Victorian Poetry, No. 32, 1994: pages 35-53.
•
Edward A. Shanken. (2005) “Hot 2 Bot: Pygmalion’s Lust, the Maharal’s Fear, and the Cyborg Future of Art,” Technoetic Arts 3:1: 43-55. http://artexetra.com/Hot2Bot.pdf
•
(2005). Almost Human: Puppets, Dolls and Robots in Contemporary Art, Hunterdon Museum of Art, Clinton, NJ. (Catalogue for a group exhibition Mar 20 - Jun 12 2005)
See also • • •
Narcissus Statuephilia Pinocchio
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pygmalion and Galatea • •
English-translation text of Ovid's poem. Latin original, lines 243-297, at http://thelatinlibrary.com
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer) Donate to Wikimedia
Greek Mythology
www.pantheon.org Sponsored Links Hermes Hotel Athens Our Fresh renovated hotel near the market of Plaka Athens www.hermeshotel.gr Greek Cruise 30% discount Greek Islands Cruises up to 30% off & Free Hotel stay in Athens, Greece www.Cruise.Gr Join the WikiAnswers Q&A community. Post a question or answer questions about "Pygmalion" at WikiAnswers.
Copyrights: Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more American Theater Guide. The Oxford Companion to American Theatre. Copyright © 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more Music Encyclopedia. The Concise Grove Dictionary of Music. Copyright © 1994 by Oxford University Press, Inc.. All rights reserved. Read more Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more Classical Literature Companion. The Concise Oxford Companion to Classical Literature. Copyright © 1993, 2003 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Read more Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/ Read more Mythology Dictionary. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Edited by E.D. Hirsch, Jr., Joseph F. Kett, and James Trefil. Copyright © 2002 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved. Read more Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Pygmalion (mythology)". Read more
Get the FREE Answers.com IE Toolbar! Download Now More Info Add Answers to the IE7 Toolbar Search Box! Add Now! On this page:
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George Bernard Shaw, James Hynes, William-Alan Landes, Dan H. Laurence, Bernard Shaw - Pygmalion: With Connections A Romance in Five Acts
Stephen Montgomery - Pygmalion Project: Love and Coercion Among the Types The Guardian
Coupe Soup Bowl in the Pygmalion pattern by Imperial (Japan) Replacements, Ltd. $ 10.49
Enter a keyword ( browse )
Choose a category
Matching Categories •
Books (40)
•
Kitchen (17)
•
Movies (3)
Best Matches
Tackle These Be the first to tackle these... •
How was femininity depicted in the pygmalion? • Pygmalion as a problem play? ...or improve one of these:
What is pygmalion effect? What was the city and name of publisher of pygmalion in 1916? •
•
more questions >>
Keep Reading Mentioned In: • Pygmalion: A Romance in Five Acts • George Bernard Shaw (Writer / Critic) • Adelheid (name) • Cinyras
More > Special Offers
•
•
Home RSS
Pygmalion House • Sculptor • Greek Islands • Gods Rock Guitar Sheet Music
Bloggers & Webmasters Sitemap About What's new Blog Help Advertise
Copyright © 2008 Answers Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Policy IP Notices Disclaimer
