Protectia Juridica A Drepturilor Omului

UNIVERSITATEA “SPIRU HARET” FACULTATEA DE DREPT

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2

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S(&,81($I – MONDIALIZAREA DISCURSURILOR DE PROCLAMARE 1. ,QVWUXPHQWHFXYRFD LHXQLYHUVDO A. &XIRU JHQHUDO a) &DUWDLQWHUQD LRQDODGUHSWXULORURPXOXL - DeFODUD LDXQLYHUVDODGUHSWXULORURPXOXL; - Pactele LQWHUQD LRQDOHSULYLQGGUHSWXULOHRPXOXL; - Pactul SULYLQGGUHSWXULOHFLYLOHúLSROLWLFH (P.D.C.P.); - Protocolul facultativ la Pactul SULYLQGGUHSWXULOHFLYLOHúLSROLWLFH; - Al doilea Protocol facultativ la 3DFWXOLQWHUQD ional privind drepturile civile úLSROLWLFH; - Pactul SULYLQGGUHSWXULOHHFRQRPLFHVRFLDOHúLFXOWurale (P.D.E.S.C.). b) ,QVWLWX LLED]DWHSH&DUWD2.N.U. - Comisia pentru drepturile omului; - Subcomisia SHULYLQGSUHYHQLUHDGLVFULPLQULLúLSURWHF LDPLQRULW LORU - Comisia privind statutul femeii; - Procedurile GHDERUGDUHDvQFOFULORUIODJUDQWHSULYLQGdrepturile omului; - Înaltul Comisar pentru drepturile omului. B. &XIRU VSHFLILF - 3URWHF LDFDWHJRULDO 3

• FKLDUGDFWH[WHOHFXIRU JHQHUDOSURFHGHD]ODXQGHPHUVJOREDOúL VLVWHPDWLFWH[WHOHSUH]HQWHUHOHYXQGHPHUVDQDOLWLFFDUHWUDGXFHR WHQGLQ  GH GLYL]DUH D RPXOXL GUHSWXUL SDUWLFXODUH VDX FDWHJRULL SDUWLFXODUHGHLQGLYL]LFDUHVXQWDVWIHOSURWHMD L 2. ,QVWUXPHQWHFXYRFD LHUHJLRQDO - Caracteristici comune A. Pe plan european a) &RQVLOLXO(XURSHLúL&RQYHQ LDHXURSHDQGHDSUDUHDGUHSWXULORURPXOXLúL DOLEHUW LORUIXQGDPHQWDOHGLQQRLHPEULH - drepturile garantate; - 'HFODUD LDXQLYHUVDO - IQVWLWX LLOH&RQYHQ LHL b) Tratatul asupra Uniunii Europene, din 7 februarie 1992 c) ³'LPHQVLXQHD 8PDQ´ D &RQIHULQ HL SULYLQG VHFXULWDWHD úL FRRSHUDUHD vQ Europa (C.S.C.E.) - Actul final de la Helsinki; - procesul O.S.C.E.; - lipsa de obligativitate a angajamentelor O.S.C.E.; - catalogul O.S.C.E.DOREOLJD LLORU; - mecanismul dimensiunii umane; - ÌQDOWXO&RPLVDUSHQWUXPLQRULW LQD LRQDOH. B. Pe plan american a) &DUWDRUJDQL]ULLVWDWHORUDPHULFDQH - Comisia ca organism al CaUWHLHYROX LDLVWLWX LRQDO - Comisia ca organism al Cartei: practica. b) &RQYHQ LDDPHULFDQFXSULYLUHODGUHSWXULOHRPXOXLGLQQRLHPEULH c) &RPLVLDLQWHUDPHULFDQSHQWUXGUHSWXULOHRPXOui d) Curtea LQWHUDPHULFDQDGUHSWXULORURPXOXL C. Pe plan african a) &DUWD8QLW LLDIULFDQHGHOD$GGLV-Abeba, din 25 mai 1963 4

b) &DUWDDIULFDQDGUHSWXULORURPXOXLúLSRSRDUHORUGLQLXQLH c) &DUWDGUHSWXULORUúLGDWRULLORUIXQGDPHQWDOHDOHRPXOXL - GUHSWXULOHúLvQGDWRULULOH • drepturile individuale; • drepturile popoarelor; • îndatoriri. - REOLJD LLOHVWDWXOXLúLPVXULOHGHSXQHUHîn aplicare: • REOLJD LLOHVWDWXOXL d) 0HFDQLVPXOSURWHF LHL - &RPLVLDDIULFDQDGUHSWXULORURPXOXLúLSRSRDUHORU; - plângerile inter-state; - plângeri individuale. D. În lumea arabo –LVODPLF a) &DUWDDUDEDGUHSWXULORURPXOXLGLQVHSWHPbrie 1994 b) 'HFODUD LDLVODPLFXQLYHUVDODGUHSWXULORURPXOXL c) ,QFRPSDWLELOLWDWHDFXLQVWUXPHQWHOHLQWHUQD LRQDOHGHSURFODPDUH - 'HFODUD LD LVODPLF DUH PHULWXO GH D HYLGHQ LD FRQWUDGLF LLOH GLVFXUVXOXL XQLYHUVDO DO GUHSWXULORU RPXOXL úL ³JkQGXULOH DVFXQVH´ FDUH GLVLPXOHD] adeziunile instrumentelor universale de proclamare.

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PARTEA A II-A REGIMUL JURIDIC AL DREPTURILOR OMULUI

CAPITOLUL I 6(&,81($I

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8

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CAPITOLUL II – DREPTURILE INDIVIDUALE S(&,81($I – DREPTURILE INTANGIBILE - Drepturi virtuale • WRDWHGUHSWXULOHDOFURUWLWXODUHVWHLQGLYLGXOQXDXSULPLWRDXWRULWDWH HIHFWLYGHDVDQF LRQDúLDVWIHOUPkQGUHSWXULYLUWXDOH - 'UHSWXULJDUDQWDWHúLREOLJD LLSR]LWLYH 1. 'UHSWXOODYLD  A. 'HILQL LH B. &RQGL LLOHGHH[HUFLWare 2. ,QWHU]LFHUHDWRUWXULLúLDSHGHSVHORURULDWUDWDPHQWHORUFUXGHLQXPDQHúL degradante - HVWH YRUED GH R ³SURKLEL LH DEVROXW´ FDUH SRWULYLW &XU LL HXURSHQH ³FRQVDFUXQDGLQYDORULOHIXQGDPHQWDOHDOHVRFLHW LORUGHPRFUDWLFH«´ A. Definirea conceptelor B. CRQWUROXOUHVSHFWULLLQWHUGLF LHL 9

- în cadrul Consiliului Europei, controlul judiciar al C.E.D.O. a fost completat printr-XQPHFDQLVPQHMXGLFLDUGHLQVSHF LHSUHYHQWLYLQVWDXUDW SULQ &RQYHQ LD HXURSHDQ SHQWUX SUHYHQLUHD WRUWXULL úL D SHGHSVHORU RUL tratamentelor inumane sau degradante, din 26 noiembrie 1987. 3. ,QWHU]LFHUHDVFODYLHLDVHUYLWX LLúLDPXQFLLIRU DWHúLREOLJDWRULL A. Câmpul de aplicare - DSDUHvQWRDWHFRQYHQ LLOHFXIRU JHQHUDOúLHVWHvQSDWLFXODUvQWULWSULQ QXPHURDVHFRQYHQ LLVSHFLILFH. B. Specificitatea Cartei africane a drepturilor omului - &DUWDFRQGDPQVFODYLDGDUQXPHQ LRQHD]LQWHU]LFHUHDPXQFLLIRU DWHúL REOLJDWRULL VSUH GHRVHELUH GH DOWH &RQYHQ LL JHQHUDOH FDUH-O HQXQ  FD XQ drept intangibil. 4. 3ULQFLSLXOOHJDOLW LLGHOLFWHORUúi a pedepselor - Dreptul la neretroactivitatea legii penale

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• gravitatea pedepsei. B. Regulile procesului echitabil a) *DUDQ LLOHJHQHUDOH -GUHSWXOGHDDYHDXQDFFHVFRQFUHWúLHIHFWLYODXQWULEXQDO - “egalitatea armelor”; - DVLJXUDUHD JDUDQ LLORU FX SULYLUH OD RUJDQL]DUHD úL OD FRPSXQHUHD tribunalului. b) *DUDQ LLOH acordate acuzatului: - GUHSWXOODSUH]XP LDGHQHYLQRYk LH -GUHSWXOODDSUDUH • DFX]DWXO WUHEXLH V ILH LQIRUPDW GH QDWXUD úL FDX]D DFX]D LHL FH L VH aduce, într-RPDQLHUGHWDOLDWúLvQWU-ROLPESHFDUHVRvQ HOHDJ • DFX]DWXOWUHEXLHVSRDWV se apere într-RPDQLHUDGHFYDW • DFX]DWXO DUH GUHSWXO GH D DVFXOWD PUWXULLOH PDUWRULORU DFX]ULL úL DSUULLvQ³DFHOHDúLFRQGL LL´ • DFX]DWXOGDFQXvQ HOHJHOLPEDQD LRQDOWUHEXLHVEHQHILFLH]HGH DVLVWHQ DJUDWXLWDXQXLLQWHUSUHW 3. Dreptul la reVSHFWDUHDYLH LLSULYDWHúLIDPLOLDOH A. Principii de interpretare a) 'UHSWXOODUHVSHFWDUHDYLH LLSULYDWHúLIDPLOLDOHWLQGHvQSULQFLSDOODDIHUL LQGLYLGXOGHLQWHUYHQ LLOHDUELWUDUHDOHSXWHULORUSXEOLFH b) 'UHSWXO OD UHVSHFWDUHD YLH LL SULYDWH SRDWH GH DVHPHQHD DQJDMD REOLJD LL SR]LWLYHLQHUHQWHUHVSHFWULLVDOHHIHFWLYH B. 3URWHMDUHDYLH LLSULYDWH a) 1R LXQHDGHYLD SULYDW b) &RQ LQXWXOGUHSWXOXLODUHVSHFWDUHDYLH LLSULYDWH - GUHSWXOODLQWLPLWDWHDYLH LLSULYDWH - GUHSWXOODOLEHUWDWHDYLH LLVH[XDOH C. ProtejaUHDYLH LLIDPLOLDOH a) 'UHSWXOODFVWRULH 11

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BIBLIOGRAFIE 1. %XHUJHQWKDO7KRPDV:HEHU5HQDWH³'UHSWXOLQWHUQD LRnal al drepturilor RPXOXL´(GLWXUD$OO%XFXUHúWL 2. &ORúF,RQHO6XFHDY,RQ³7UDWDWGHGUHSWXULOHRPXOXL´(GLWXUD(XURSD 1RYD%XFXUHúWL 3. 'XFXOHVFX 9LFWRU ³3URWHF LD MXULGLF D GUHSWXULORU RPXOXL – mijloace LQWHUQHúLLQWHUQD LRQDOH´(GLWXUD/XPLQD/H[%XFXUHúWL 4. )XHUHD $XJXVWLQ ³,QWURGXFHUH vQ SUREOHPDWLFD GUHSWXOXL LQWHUQD LRQDO DO GUHSWXULORURPXOXL´(GLWXUD(UD%XFXUHúWL 5. Luncan, Victor; Duculescu, Victor, “Drepturile omului – Studiu introductiv de documente interna LRQDOH úL DFWH QRUPDWLYH GH GUHSW LQWHUQ´ (GLWXUD /XPLQD/H[%XFXUHúWL 6. 0XUDUX ,RDQ ³3URWHF LD FRQVWLWX LRQDO D OLEHUW LORU GH RSLQLH´ (GLWXUD /XPLQD/H[%XFXUHúWL 7. Soudre, Frédéric, “Droit international et européen des droits de l’homme”, 3e édition, Presses Universitaires de Frances, Paris, 1997; 8. 9LGD ,RDQ ³'UHSWXULOH RPXOXL vQ UHJOHPHQWULOH LQWHUQD LRQDOH´ (GLWXUD /XPLQD/H[%XFXUHúWL

Conf. univ. dr.

AUGUSTIN FUEREA

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