Project[1].docx

It1.Introduction & History :1.1 Introduction to Cumene :Structure :-

 Cumene is the common name for isopropylbenzene or i-propylbenzene. It’s IUPAC name known as ( I-methylethylbenzene ).  It is produce by the alkylation of benzene with propene using an acidic catalyst.  Cumene is an organic compound that is based on an aromatic hydrocarbon with an aliphatic substitution and it’s molecular formula is C9H12.  It is a constituent of crude oil and refined fuels. So it is a petrochemical.  It is a flammable and colourless liquid with aromatic adour.  It is less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapour are heavier than air. May be moderately toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. History :-

 Cumene was invented by Heinrich Hock in 1944 and independently by R.Ūdrishand P.sergeyev in 1942.  Cumeneentered into market in 1944 by hack and langwhen they proved Cumene can be oxidized to form hydrocarbon can be decomposes in phenol and acetone.  Cumene  Cumene was first synethesizedin large quantities during World War 2 as an aviation gasoline.  It is obtained from petroleum directly.

2. PRESENT STATUS INCLUDING LIST OFINDUSTRIES Industries producing Cumene as main product at Global Level. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The Dow Chemical Company Exxon Mobil. CorporationChina Petrochemical Development. CorporationChang Chun GroupBraskem. S.A.Royal Dutch Shell plcSumitomo Chemical. Co.,Ltd.INEOS GroupBASF SEBorealis AG.

Industries Producing Cumene As intermiedient with capacity.

Sr. Present status and location no

capacity

1

 Herdillia chemicals ltd. Air india building 13th floor, nariman point, Bombay 400021 (Maharashtra)

2000 TPA

2

 Si group India ltd. Ballarpur road Opp. juinagar railway station Turbhe thane Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra)

1470 TPA

3

 Hindustan organic chemical industries 81, maharishi karvemarg Harchandrai house, Mumbai (400002)  Global polychemllc. N-5, sector 11 Noida-201301, Uttar Pradesh

40000 TPA

4

3. Properties and application of cumene : Physical properties of cumene  Molecular weight

:- 120.19

10301 TPA

 Melting point

:- -96.90c

 Boiling point

:- 152.50c

 Density

:- 0.862 gm/cc

 Flash point

:- 390 c

 Vapour pressure

:- 4.5 mmhg at 250C

 Ignition point

:- 1380 c

 Freezing point

:- -96.030 c

 Thermal conductivity

:-

 Surface tension

:- 0.791 n/m

0.124 w.m/k

 Flammable limits in air:-Lower 0.9 volume %  Upper 6.5 volume %  Toxic limit concentration in  Cumeneis insoluble in

:- 200 ppm :- alcohol, ether,

carbontetrachloride .  Soluble in  Cumene is a colourless liquid.

:- Water

Chemical properties of Cumene.  Cumene undergoes oxidation to give cumenehydroperoxide by means of air or oxygen : C6H5CH(CH3)2+O2=C6H5(CH3)2COOH  By the catalytic action of dilute sulphuric acid, cumenehydroperoxide is split into phenol and acetone : C6H5(CH3)2COOH 

= C6H5OH +

CH3COCH3

Application of Cumene:-

 Cumene is mainy used as a intermediate for production of Phenol and Acetone.  It is used in small amount as thinner in manufacture of paint,lacquers and enamels.  It is also used in manufacture of acetophenone and methyl styrene.  Cumene is also used as a solvent for fats and raisins.

4 Properties of raw material for cumene

Raw materials required for production of cumene are benzene, propane, propylene. Benzene              

molecular formula :- C6H6 molecular weight :- 78 melting point :- 5.5 0C boiling point :- 80.1 0C density at 25 C :- 0.876 g/ml vapour density :- 2.77 vapour pressure :- 166 mm hg appearance :- colourless liquid flash point :- -11.630C autoignition point :- 497.78 0C specific heat capacity :- 136.0 J/kmol viscosity :- 0.625 cP odour :- aromatic, gasoline-like Stability :- stable. Substance to be avoided include strong oxidizing agent sulphuric acid , flammable .  Soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform, acetone.

Propane             

Molecular formula Molecular weight Appearance Oder Density at 0 C Melting point Boiling point Vapour pressure Specific heat capacity Flash point Autoignition temp Explosive limits Soluble in water

:- C3H8 :- 44.10 :- colourless gas :- oderless :- 2.098 gm/mol :- -187.7 C :- -42.25 C :- 853.16 kPa :- 73.60 J/kmol :- -104 C :- 540 C :- 2.37

Propylene           

Molecular formula Molecular weight Critical temperature Critical pressure Boiling point Melting point Liquid density Gas density Specific volume Specific gravity Specific heat capacity

:::::::::::-

C3 H6 42.08 91.40c 352.38 mmhg -47.660c -185.22 0c 0.49 gm/cc 0.0017 gm/cc 9.05 ft3/lb 1.05 15.56

5 VARIOUS PROCESSES OF CUMENE MANUFACTRING (1)Cumene phenol processes (hot processes).  This process converts two relatively cheap stating materials benzene and propylene, into two more valuable ones phenol and acetone, other reactant required are oxygen from air and small amounts of a radial initiators.

 Most o worldwide production of phenol and actone is now based on this method in 2003; nearly 7 million tonnes of phenol was produced by the cumene process.

    

(2)Cumene production by propylene alkylation of benzene Proprietary, non-corrosive PBE-1 zeolite catalyst Low pressure and low temperature operation No chemical required No acids waste streams and minimal fugitive emissions Can be designed to process chemical and refinery grade propylene feedstocks in addition to polymer grade propylene

6 MOST SUITABLE PROCESS IN DETAIL WITH FLOW SHEET  cumene production by propylene alkylation of benzene processes is generally used  justification

 Product yield of 99.7 wt%  High activity and selectivity with minimal formation of byproduct impurities  Typical cumene purity is 99.5% or higher  Extremely tolerant to poisons  Proven run-lengths of up to five years

 Low catalyst cost  Raw material:- propylene, propane, benzene, water, Steam, etc.  chemical reaction:(a) main reaction:C6H6+CH3CH=CH2 (b)

=C6H5C3H7

side reaction:C6H6+nCH3CH=CH2

=C6H6-n(C3H7)n

Flowsheet

Process Description:• Propylene obtained from refinery processes as a mixture of propylene and propane. • The mixture along with benzene is compressed to 25 atms.

• Eventually the mixture enters a heat integrated exchanger to heat the pre-heat the feed mixture.

• The feed mixture enters a packed bed reactor.

• The stream distribution in the packed bed reactor corresponds to cold shot arrangement i.e., cold propane from the distillation column in the process is added after every reactor with the product stream so that the temperature of the stream is controlled.

• Here, propylene is the limiting reactant and therefore, presumably all propylene undergoes conversion.

• Here, propane does not react but is a diluents or inert in the system. In that way it controls the reaction temperature.

• The reactor units are maintained at about 250oC.

• The product vapors are cooled using the heat integrated exchanger.

• The vapors then pass to a depropanizer which separates propane from the product mixture.

• The bottom product consisting of benzene, cumene and polyalkyl benzenes enters another distillation column which separates benzene from the mixture of cumene and polyalkyl benzene. The benzene stream is recycled to enter the compressor.

• The bottom product from the benzene column is sent to a cumene column which produces cumene as top product and poly alkyl benzene as bottom product.

• Therefore, the entire process technology is nothing but a simple reactor separator recycle arrangement.