Project On Government Explore Farmer

“HOW GOVERNMENT EXPLOIT THE FARMER” Submitted by:

Submitted to: Mr. kamaldeep singh

Rahul bedi

CERTIFICATE

This is to certified that Rahul bedi students of BBA (III) ,GNA-IMT. Phagwara ,has undergone this project of “How government exploit the farmer” under the supervision of MR. Kamaldeep singh (subject teacher) and submitted satisfactory project report during session 2008-11. This report satisfies entire practical fulfillment for the Punjab technical university examination. In the sincere efforts of the student hardwork, this report satisfies the practical study of them certified by Punjab technical university.

……………… Teacher sign

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are heartily great-full to Mr. Kamaldeep singh. They have always been an invaluable source of inspiration, hard work, sincerity and dedication. It gives me immerse pleasure in submitting this project on “how government explored the farmer”. I have developed this project from GNA-IMT. I would like to express my sincere ineptness to my project guide Mr. kamaldeep singh for his constant guidance and valuable support during the project work. Encouragement and excellent guidance in this successful completion of the project work.

Rahul Bedi

Content 1) Introduction 2) The main problems occur for farmer by government.

3) 4) 5) 6)

Burden of debt Loan access Area and electricity problem Problems being faced by the farmer : Discussion in Parliament 7) Research Outputs, Problems and Solutions: 8) Survey 9) Conclusion 10) Bibliography

INTRODUCTION After 200 years of British rule .when the country got independence on 15 Aug 1947 .it was semi-Feudal ,Backward ,stagnant & disIntigrated economy .agriculture was extremly backward &Britishers exploited to indian farmers.the britishers govt. compelled indian farmers to change over from the production of food crops to the production of commercial of crops like ,cotten,jute,etc. as a result of the land revenue system,like

zamindari system,adopted by the govt. the indian farmers were obliged to sell large part of their commercial crops in the local market and the same was exported to england. in the eve of independence several factors conspired to keep the farmers steeped in heavy indebtness . these were excessive burden of landrent,fall in productivity of agriculture , uneconomic size of holdings,etc. according to an investigation by mpc associates ,a u.k retail and leisure consultancy practice nearly 180000 indian farmers have commited suicide in the past decade as a result of exploitation by british. the increasing debt of farmers and also of small artisans has been a cause of suicide. but now currently years,farmers also exploited by govt. . poor farmers could not got harvesting techniques and also could not get real price of production because of exploitation of govt. flood in A.P 18 lakh people ,400 villages effected. mostly villagers people are farmers .they depend on agriculture.After flood farmers bear very loss on agriculture but govt .take no strong steps .farmers are ready to do work on less salary.govt avoided thier.......

THE MAIN PROBLEMS OCCUR FOR FARMERS By GOVERNMENT New Delhi - India is in the grip of its worst agrarian crisis, witnessing unprecedented farmer suicides, at the rate of one death on the farm every 30 minutes. The rising costs of seeds, pesticides and fertilizers have pushed peasants into mounting debts, and led untold thousands of them to commit suicide by drinking the same pesticides that created their liabilities. India which has 600 million people engaged in agriculture and allied activities, ushered its green revolution in the late 1960s. It was apparent two decades later that chemical-

intensive farming had resulted in increased costs of cultivation and far-reaching environmental damages. The loss of topsoil, a drastic decline in soil fertility and water tables owing to the use of fertilizers, pesticides and genetically modified crops, should have made a compelling case for scientists and policy makers to restructure Indian agriculture. Instead, impoverished farmers plunged deeper into debt through trade distortions brought on by the country's economic reforms and the plummeting price of produce seen in the past 15 years. By the government's own admission, over 100,000 farmers committed suicide in the last decade in the four states of western Maharashtra, central Madhya Pradesh and southern Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. But some farmers are now escaping the debt trap by returning to traditional low-cost farming, enriching the soil with farmyard manure or compost, using indigenous seeds and returning to biological pesticides such as nee tree oil and cow urine. In Andhra Pradesh 300,000 farmers are reaping increased yields and earning better incomes without genetically modified GM seeds and chemical pesticides, and using local pest management techniques. 'Farmers who mortgaged their Ramachandrapuram village recovered the entire land by repaying the debts, merely by stopping use of pesticides,' food and trade analyst Devinder Sharma said. 'Over the last three years, over 700,000 acres in the state have turned pesticide-free or organic. The programme is going strong, aiming to cover 1.2 million acres this year and 2.5 million acres in two years.' There is evidence of such success in Maharashtra's Vidarbha region, notorious for an estimated 30,000 suicides over the last decade. About 11,000 farmers, including the worst-hit cotton growers from five villages, have pledged to practice chemical-free ecological farming under an initiative by Navdanya, an organization that pioneered the organic food movement in India. An organic cotton project by textile manufacturer Arvind in 33 villages in Vidarbha's Akola district claims there have been no suicides in the area since farmers started avoiding chemicals and using indigenous seeds last year.

Not counting farmers in several parts of India who never shifted from traditional agriculture, an estimated 1 million farmers are estimated to have reverted to traditional techniques over the past years, some 200,000 in the last five years. But agriculture experts contend that the solution is not as simple as going back to the basics. One expert, KSRK Murthy, argued that organic agriculture cannot guarantee the high productivity assured by synthetic fertilizers that is necessary to feed the growing population. Murthy said crop yields in organic farms ere up to 50 per cent less, and required big quantities of organic manure and more land under cultivation, to produce the same amount of food. But Navdanya founder Vandana Shiva said that argument ignores the true hidden costs of industrial agriculture. 'Traditional farming seems expensive because there is a 1-trillion-rupee government subsidy for chemical fertilizers. Our experience has shown that organic farming can yield up to three times as much food as conventional farming,' Shiva said. The UN International Fund for Agricultural Development, which carried out a recent study in Vidarbha, suggested to the Indian government explore organic farming for debtridden farmers.

Shiva, who also chairs the independent International Committee for the Future of Food and Agriculture, said organic farming raises consumer awareness of both food quality and the link between climate change and agriculture.

'Industrial farming and unnecessary global trade in food is responsible for up to 40 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions. Organic farming contributes to mitigation and adaptation to climate change,' she said.

'Such farming can help small farmers survive, increase farm productivity, repair decades of environmental damage and lead to better food security. When chemical farming has led to a total collapse, traditional and organic farming is the solution, the way of the future.'

Small farmers of Marthadu village gather to speak about their burden of debts. But of course Padmamma was weighed down by her own share of worries. Like most other small farmers, she was deeply in debt. She was worried about her husband who needed treatment. Her daughters were married in simple ceremonies and had moved out, but her wage was hardly enough to keep the family going. She planted groundnut on her land in July last year and hoped that her harvest would help pay back a part of her debt of Rs.30,000 to the local agricultural bank and to private moneylenders. Midway through the season, the groundnut crop was hit by bud necrosis, a disease that wiped out a large part of the kharif crop in Anantapur last year. She sprayed her crops with monocrotophosphate, the pesticide that the government had distributed free of cost to groundnut farmers, but it made little difference. One evening Padmamma came home from work, and as usual went into her fields. As she surveyed her lifeless crops, something snapped in this once strong and resilient person. She drank the pesticide meant for her crops and died in hospital a few hours later. For G. Ramanjineyulu, a small farmer owning 5.5 acres of land from Jakkalcheruvu village, the breaking point came when his motor pump burned out under low voltage conditions. Its repair would have cost him another Rs.3,000, so when it happened,

Ramanjineyulu, who had a shared loan of Rs.1,00,000 with his brothers from the agricultural bank, plus an individual loan of Rs.60,000 from the village moneylender, decided he could take it no more. He returned home and drank pesticide. A day later Anita, his 12-year-old daughter, distraught with grief at her father's death, also consumed the pesticide and died. "His motor died, his bullocks died, the bank people and moneylenders were pressuring him to repay, and there was no expectation of a crop," said Irojamma, a resident of the village. Rami Reddy, Padmamma's husband, does not work. The debt burden now falls on him and his sons. He got just two bags of groundnut valued at Rs.2,000 from his harvest, after investing between Rs.5,000 and Rs.6,000 on the crop. After Padmamma's death, the family got nothing from the government in terms of either ex-gratia payment or help in kind. Mangamma, Ramanjineyulu's wife, was sanctioned Rs.10,000 from the family benefit scheme, although she has received only half that amount. The government is also financing the construction of a small house for her in the village. Devarlu Balanna and his wife, from Marthadu village in Anantapur district, with the photograph of their son Devarlu Rajanna, who committed suicide last October. These two were among a rash of 41 suicides, 18 of them by women, in Anantapur district over the months of September, October and November of 2000, by the consumption of monocrotophophate, according to figures released by the Anantapur district administration. This particular pesticide was distributed by the district administration as an antidote for bud necrosis, a virulent disease that spreads through insects and kills the crops. In addition, there were nine attempted suicides by monocrotophosphate poisoning. Of these two were by women. The administration's report does not ascribe all the deaths to problems of crop failure and indebtedness, although an independent investigation of such cases by Frontline in the villages of Jakkalcheruvu (Gooty mandal), Marthadu and Penakacherla (Garladinne mandal), Ammavarupetta (Bukkarayasamudram mandal), and Maruru (Rapthadu mandal) showed that it was indeed for these and related reasons that a majority of these deaths seemed to have occurred. The official report, such as it is, does provide some insights into what happened. To begin with, all 50 suicides and attempted suicides were by monocrotophosphate poisoning. Of the 41 suicides, 34 were by farmers (including 15 women) who owned land, mostly unirrigated and between 1.5 and 10 acres in extent. The pesticide was distributed by the district administration to families who either held or leased land (leasing land is a common practice in these parts). A majority of the farmers were in debt to agricultural banks and moneylenders. A majority of the women (16) who died were in the 15-30 age group, whereas a majority of the men (17) were between 21 and 50 years. The other feature of what appears to have been an epidemic of suicides is that but for one village where three members of a family committed suicide the same day, there is

not more than one suicide in a village, and the villages are in mandals that are in many cases far removed from one another. It was pressure from an alert and conscientious local press in Anantapur, that highlighted each case of suicide soon after it occurred, that forced a discussion of the issue in the Andhra Pradesh Assembly. The district administration's report on the deaths was a sequel to that. What therefore is now information in the public realm is that 50 persons, a majority of them groundnut farmers with small holdings of unirrigated land, and all of them in debt of varying magnitude, felt that death was preferable to the life of acute hardship that they were living. Padmamma (at right), photographed at the marriage she arranged of a young woman in the village. Padmamma committed suicide unable to cope with the debts she had accumulated, following the failure of the groundnut crop. While the spate of suicides peaked in October-November last year, they have not ceased. Cases of suicides continue to be reported in the media from different parts of the district. In March, two cases of suicides were reported - one by 33-year-old Krishna Naik, a peasant from Mariampally Tanda in Gumagatha mandal and the other by 40-year-old Lakshmidevi from Siddiramapuram village in Bukkaraya-samudram mandal. Both committed suicide owing to a burden of debt they could not repay. In April three cases of suicides were reported: 35-year-old Lakshmamma of Konduru village in Lepakshi mandal; 20-year-old Dadvali, a weaver from Singanmala mandal headquarters, and 18-year-old Rama Devi of Bandameedapalli village in Rapthadu mandal. Rama Devi reportedly killed herself when she lost her gold ear-rings and was scolded by her parents for her "carelessness". Parents had reportedly told her that they could not get her married because they were so deeply in debt. Drought is the catch-all phrase that is used by the officialdom to explain away agricultural distress. In fact, most farmers themselves readily accept this explanation. There is no question that Anantapur is a rainfall-deficient district, with an average annual rainfall of 520.4 mm. It is the second lowest rainfall district in the country (after Barmer in Rajasthan). In 2000, the average rainfall was 540 mm, well above the average. The previous year was one of acute rainfall scarcity with Anantapur receiving only 360 mm. Yet the severe drought in 1999 did not drive cultivators to suicide. In fact, groundnut production in the kharif 2000 season (April 1 to September 30), despite the ravages of bud necrosis, was 9 lakh tonnes, according to the district administration. (The Oilseeds Growers Federation estimated the production at 7.25 lakh tonnes.) Compare this with the production of the 1999 kharif season which was just 3 lakh tonnes, and it becomes clear that drought and falling production alone do not explain the phenomenon of suicides. Further, in Andhra Pradesh last year there were suicides among cotton farmers in Mahboobnagar district, and among tobacco growers in Guntur district. Never in the past has there been such a situation. The immediate reason for the suicides was a mounting burden of debt that the families concerned could simply not hope to repay, added to a widespread sense of despair when the bud necrosis attack broke out. Underlying this was a web of factors, some

specific to the groundnut economy, and others related to the impact of liberalisation policies on the larger agricultural environment. Anantapur district has the largest acreage under groundnut in the country. Last year the kharif crop, which is entirely rainfed, was sown on 7,35,000 ha. "Bud necrosis was seen in August, a month after sowing," said T. Yellamanda Reddy, principal scientist at the Agricultural Research Station in Anantapur. "The disease is present in sunflower and in roadside weeds, and spreads through insects." According to him, the disease caused damage ranging from 1 per cent to 80 per cent of the standing crops in a particular field. "In Anantapur, the average yield of groundnut is 1,100 kg a hectare, although yields here can go up to 2,000 kg a hectare. This year, however, the average yield was only 850 kg a hectare," said Yellamanda Reddy. The disease also coincided with the first of two dry spells in August and September. Monocrotopho-sphate turned out to be totally ineffective, partly because it was used too late as the crop had already been hit by the second dry spell which lasted between 12 and 23 days in different parts of the district. The rabi crop (October 1 to March 31) is an irrigated one and has been sown on 20,000 ha. According to Yellamanda Reddy this crop too has been affected, but to varying degrees in different areas. The inherent risks of rainfed agriculture have increased with the rather dramatic rise in the costs of cultivation. In Andhra Pradesh, power rates were hiked in 2000 pushing up costs for the agricultural sector by 25 to 70 per cent, while the duration of power supply for agricultural operations was cut to nine hours a day. This is usually during night. In actual fact, cultivators find that their borewell pumps work for just six hours at night. Electricity, or the lack of it, both for agriculture and domestic use, was a major issue of concern among the farming families this correspondent met. In Jakkalchiravu village, a group of small farmers said that yields have fallen substantially in the last two years because of power cuts. "From six to eight bags of groundnut per acre, we got just three bags this year. If our pump fails because of voltage fluctuations, then it costs another Rs.4,000," said J. Narayanaswamy, who owns five acres of land. (A bag takes 40 kg.) Viramma, a farmer from Jakkalchiravu village, owns 3 acres of irrigated land. She spent Rs.10,000 on the land, which included the cost of seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, power and labour. "I have a 5 hp pump for my borewell," she said. "I pay Rs.260 a month for electricity. Just before the increase in power costs, it was Rs.60 to 70, and nine years ago it was only Rs.7." Power is only one component of the cost of cultivation, which has seen a sharp rise in the last two years. Fertilizer prices soared after their decontrol in the mid-1990s. "A 50 kg a bag of DAP fertilizer in 1994 cost Rs.180. In 1999 it cost between Rs.480 and Rs.520," said Vishwesh-wara Rao, a large farmer. Pesticide costs have also risen. When bud necrosis broke out last year, the district administration distributed monocrotophosphate to the value of Rs.6 crores in the district. The dealers make a killing by selling Rs.36 crores worth of pesticides. "The cost of cultivation is in the region of Rs.3,500 an acre (Rs.8750 a hectare)," said Vishweshwara Rao. "Because of the use of pesticides last year, it went up to Rs.4,000 and even up to Rs.4,500 an acre." Seeds cost more too. With the breakdown of the government seed distribution centre, farmers are dependent on private seed dealers, and this has affected both the price and quality of seeds. There has also been a breakdown of institutional safety nets, such as

the public distribution system, procurement support, crop compensation schemes and so on, which in the past may have softened the blow of agrarian crises. By the middle of the kharif season, there were fears among farmers of the entire crop getting wiped out. But this did not happen, as the overall production figures cited above show. However, each farmer was carrying the debts of the previous drought year and had borrowed yet again to invest in the kharif crop. But the worst was yet to come. When it came to the sale of their crop, they found that groundnut prices had crashed. "From Rs.1,400 a quintal in October 1996, groundnut prices peaked in September 1998 at Rs.1,700 a quintal." said Vishweshwara Reddy, district general secretary of the Andhra Pradesh Raitha Sangham. "This year prices fell from Rs.1,300 a quintal in September 2000 to Rs.1,250 in October, and it is now Rs.1,150," he said. "The government declared a minimum support price of Rs.1,220 a quintal, but procurement has been inadequate. Of the total kharif production of 7.25 lakh tonnes, procurement has only been one lakh tonnes." The fall in the cultivated area and prices of oilseeds in India is the direct consequence of cheap edible oil imports (Frontline, February 2, 2001). As long as cheap imports continue, there is unlikely to be any price stabilisation for groundnut. MEANWHILE, debts among farming families are on the rise. A family's debt is typically divided between the bank and the moneylender. There is not a day when the Anantapur edition of Eenadu, a Telugu daily, does not carry notices of gold auctions. These notices list the names of farmers, the quantity of gold they have pledged, and the outstanding sums. A cause for consternation among the farming families this correspondent spoke to was the repeated notices that banks send defaulters, asking for repayment of interest, and threatening the attachment of land and other forms of property. Bandi Naganna of Ammavaripetta village who attempted suicide, with his wife Lingamma and grandchild. He owes a bank Rs.1.5 lakhs. Take the case of Bandi Naganna, a small farmer owning 5 acres in Ammavarupetta village, who survived a suicide attempt thanks to timely hospitalisation. He took a long-term loan of Rs.1.5 lakhs from the agricultural bank four years ago, which has now become Rs.2 lakhs. He has also taken Rs.10,000 from the moneylender at an interest of Rs.2 a month for every Rs.100 (which works out to 24 per cent per annum). When his crop was affected by disease, he decided to kill himself. There is Venkatarama Reddy, whose 18-year-old sister Thulasamma committed suicide. He has 4 acres of orchard land, and made 10 attempts in vain to dig bores. Each attempt cost him Rs.8,000. He also leased 10 acres of land to grow groundnut and lost Rs. 20,000 in that venture. He owes Rs.40,000 to the Marur primary agricultural society and has received several notices from it. In addition, he owes a moneylender Rs.20,000 at the standard private interest rate of 2 per cent a month. "We had fixed a marriage for my sister but would have needed Rs.50,000 and at least 10 tolas (one tola equals 10 grams) of gold to get her married," he said. Thulasamma committed suicide soon after the crop failed.

On April 3, Narendra Reddy, a 26-year-old farmer from Kallapuram village in Pamadi mandal, was brought to the Praja Vaidyashala hospital in Anantapur in a critical state as he had consumed monocrotophosphate. Reddy had seven acres of land and had loans amounting to Rs.1.27 lakhs. His life was saved by Dr. M. Geyanand. It is ironic that the timely medical attention he received, which saved his life, may actually increase his debt burden, as it will be a few months before he can get back to work.

The Anantapur District Cooperative Central Bank Ltd is the major agricultural bank in the district. According to its president S. Suryanarayana, the bank gave short-term kharif loans amounting to Rs.56 crores in 2000, up from Rs.51.81 crores in 1999. Under its long-term lending scheme it has advanced Rs.17.28 crores in 1999-2000. "Our recovery rate for both short-term and long-term loans was just 30 per cent in 19992000," said Suryanarayana. "We have recovered 18.45 per cent this year and we are running at a loss of Rs.19.9 crores."

The mood is one of despair and frustration among the groundnut farmers. Good agricultural practices and favourable climatic conditions are no longer enough to ensure the farmer an adequate livelihood. With an import regime that now exposes agriculture to the uncertainties of global trade, groundnut cultivation and the lives of four and a half lakh farmers dependent on it are precariously poised in rural Anantapur.

Loan access

Difficulty in accessing the incentive loans have been due to a variety of reasons, one of which is the inability to pay within a short period of time. Many farmers are saddled with old debts at high interest rates, and are reluctant to take out new loans, particularly those with a four per cent interest rate. Dr Le Van Banh, director of the Mekong Delta Rice Study Institution, said the Bank of Viet Nam should encourage commercial banks to reduce the interest rate of old loans and extend the loan payment terms.

Some of the items on the Government’s list of goods that can be purchased are not available on the market, and farmers would prefer to buy foreign-made equipment. Combine harvesters made in Viet Nam, for example, are designed for the local topography, and are favoured by farmers. But they must wait up to four months for a new supply. Chinese companies can supply farmers with a machine within three or four days after an order, Banh said. Another problem facing farmers is the lack of receipts for their purchases, particularly for seeds, fertilisers and pesticides. Sellers of these goods rarely issue receipts and farmers cannot present invoices to loan officers.

AREA AND ELECTRICITy PROBLEM Noshehra Dhalla (Indo-Pak Border), Aug.9 (ANI): India and Pakistan has a long stretch of border where a barbed wire works as a fence to prevent any militant from sneaking in. But the same wire is also a major roadblock for Punjabi farmers who want to tend to their own land. Resident farmers living in the few villages, situated just a few metres from the barbed fencing in the Attari and Ajnala sector, today rue the fact that the Punjab Government has not taken their livelihood concerns into consideration. These farmers are now unable to cultivate their land which is spread beyond fencing. These farmers can cultivate their land but only with the permission of Border Security Force (BSF) and the other state department officials. The villages namely Noshehra Dhalla, Bidhi Chand Chhina and Haveliayan, Kakkar have more than 1500 acres of land beyond the fencing. But the non-issuance of

tubewell connections by the electricity board prevents the farmers from cultivating their land, say border farmers. Farmers like Harbhajan Singh, who has 10 acres of land beyond fencing, allege that some of them have already deposited the fee while others are ready to deposit it. But the department has not provided them with the connections. He adds that they are not allowed free access to their land and there are only select entry points. Some farmers have to cover a distance of two to three kilometres to reach their fields. Besides, farmers say that it felt like a double set back to them when the government stopped paying them rupees 2,500 as compensation money that was paid 10 years ago the last time. Farmers say they are not even allowed to grow crops and have to depend on traditional crops, wheat and paddy. Kuldeep Singh, who owns nearly 30 acres of land beyond the fencing, says he harvested sesame for 20 years. Now, he says the security personnel are not allowing him to harvest the crop. He contends that the sesame crop can be cultivated even when there is a shortage of water. The farmers have urged the government to either acquire their land across the barbed fencing or take their land on contract. The farmers today fear low produce due less electricity supply and a delayed monsoon. Perturbed by the erratic electricity supply, Kehar Singh, the village head of Noshehra Dhalla, pointed out that farmers who are keen to take labourers for cultivation, also face harassment. A major portion of the land across the fencing is not utilized due many hurdles including the non-friendly attitude of the electricity department. But State electricity officials deny having wronged the farmers. Rajiv Kumar, Chief Engineer, Punjab State Electricity Board (PSEB), Border Zone, said that those who had applied before 1990 were given the connections and none of the applications was pending in the border areas. Kumar said that normally throughout the year the PSEB supplies electricity either between 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. or 10a.m. to 5 a. m. according the availability of the electricity. Kumar informed that in the coming five years, the PSEB would provide a transformer to each tubewell. He, however, assured that if he received the representation from the farmers he would try to rectify their problems in a better manner.

India had fenced the Punjab frontier in the early 1990s by erecting barbed wire along the Indio-Pak international border to keep terrorists and smugglers at bay. The 553-kilometres-long international border between India and Pakistan, which has 300 gates along the electrified barbed wire fencing in Punjab, also involves thousands of acres of land of the Indian farmers.

Problems being faced by the farmer : Discussion in Parliament SHRI BASU DEB ACHARIA initiating the debate, said: We have seen as to how the farmers in this country have been committing suicide. Palakkad, known as the `Rice Bowl of Kerala’, is now being termed as the `Death Bowl of Kerala’. These suicide of farmers is a grim reflection of the situation as it is prevailing in the various States of the country. Within a span of one year, the prices of rubber, copra, arecanut and coffee etc. went down by 50 per cent. Same is the case in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Jute is one of the important agricultural produces of West Bengal. About forty lakh families are dependent on jute in West Bengal. The farmers of West Bengal and Bihar got a very less price from the Government of India. The JCA and the Cotton Corporation of India did not come forward to save the farmers from distress sale. The situation is grim everywhere in the country. The reason for all this is the removal of quantitiative restrictions by the Government of India. Now the Government is allowing import of palm oil to help the industrialists at the cost of farmers. We were told that after the removing the Quantitative Restrictions, there will not be a substantial import of agricultural commodities. In spite of that agricultural commodities are being imported in our country continuously. It has been mentioned at Doha that there is a need to reduce subsidies as well as tariff. But nothing concrete has been decided at the meeting. The international prices have been further reduced by subsidies. But our Prime Minister is asking our farmers to be competitive. How can our farmers be competitive, if the subsidy is reduced? The total amount of subsidy given to agriculture in America is about 343 billion dolloars as per the 1996 figures. Besides this, they get certain other inputs at very cheaper rates than the Indian farmers get. Import tariff is also very important because one of the conditionalities of WTO is that the developed countries should not only reduce their subsidy but also should reduce their import tariff. The situation is alarming and for the first time, last year, there was a negative growth. The Government has also decided to stop procurement of foodgrains by the Food

Corporation of India. Now, the procurement will be handed over to the private traders and distribution of foodgrains to the people will be handed over to the State Government and Public Distrubiton System will be dismantled. Due to the crisis in the agriculture sector, not only farmers are affected adversely but also the agriculturebased industries, like jute in West Bengal and Bihar. If the interests of the farmers are ignored and neglected, this Government has no right to stay in power. After fifty-three years of Independence, the farmers who have made our country selfsufficient in foodgrains production are committing suicides. Due to the policies of the Government in regard to fertiliser and in regard to subsidy, the capital investment is reducing. In order to save this country and to save the farmers, this Government has to reverse the policies. Otherwise, they have to quit. SHRI SAHIB SINGH: It is indeed true that the lot of farmer has not improved for the last 54 years to the desirable extent. Every suicide by the farmers in any part of the country is a stigma on the country. It’s a matter of shame for the country. It is my firm opinion that the farmers have not been paid remunerative prices ever since the country has got freedom. The prices of inputs required for agriculture are increasing constantly. Though numbers of measures have been taken, like introduction of crop insurance scheme, yet the dissemination of the schemes have not been to desired extent. Hence, the farmers fail to take advantage of the schemes launched for their benefit. The share of agriclture in the GDP has been falling continuously. The situation is too miserable to describe. The land reforms are outdated in the present context. This has added to the difficulties of the farmers. Hence, the Government should come out with an appropriate policy in this regard. The situation is such the first the farmers are evicted from their ownership of lands and then the cost of land is determined and paid to them. The farmers have to pay commissions when they go to sell their produce in the market. It is the farmer who works hard and a share of his earning is taken away by the brokers. This aspect should also be looked into. All round development of the farmers living in the villages is must. So long there are jobless people in a farmers house, the tendency to commit suicide can not be checked. They will continue to commit suicide and they may even resort to indulge into crimes. On one hand, the farmers feed the country and on the other defend the country on the borders. Even after 54 years of independence, we have failed to make water available to the people of the country. The farmers do not get electricity. We have to take certain measures in order to uphold the dignity of farmers. We have to make provisions to pay the difference between the market price and the minimum support price to the farmers. As long as the farmers are unaware of what crop they have to sow to get remunerative price, their misery will not be minimized. We have to make provisions to give subsidy to the farmers directly and do away with the practice of giving subsidy to the mills. We have to adopt our traditional methods to increase the fertility of soil and have to use bio-fertilizers and manures.

Today, the farmers are migrating to the cities. This is because there are no health and education facilities in the rural areas. Unless the people from among the farmers are there in the bureaucracy, the difficulties of farmers can not be mitigated. Hence, we should make arrangement to provide health care, education and other facilities to the people living in the villages. The country can not march forward unless the condition of farmers is improved. The country would prosper only when the farmers make progress. No farmer would commit suicide and there will be smile on the face of the farmers. The farmers are not self-reliant even after 54 years of independence. Today, there is no parity between the market price and the minimum support price. We shall have to unite to provide justice to the farmers. The Government has given benefit to about one crore of farmers by providing them credit cards. It is certainly a commendable act. An agriculture policy has been framed. Certain steps have been taken by the Government in different directions, but there is a need to do much more in this sector. The farmers are not well informed about the different types of farming. The Government has launched several schemes for the farmers, workers and for their children, but they have not benefited due to lack of information. Therefore, there is a need to create a T.V. Channel on agriculture to make them aware about all the information in this field. SHRI LAKSHMAN SINGH: An agriculture policy should be only for the benefit of farmers. We must protect the environment if we want to compete globally in the field of farming under WTO. We must conserve the water resources and suitable environment should be created, then only we will be able to overcome this problem. Today India stands in the competition after signing the WTO and to win the competition, we must give due attention to quality as well as to the quantity. Nothing is being said about the cooperative farming by the Government to save small and marginal farmers. Rather contract farming and corporate farming are being encouraged. Today Cooperative is linked with agriculture. Agriculture and cooperative cannot be separated. Several financial restrictions are being imposed on cooperative societies and on the contrary, no such restrictions are being imposed on multinational companies and the industrialists. The Government of Madhya Pradesh has sent a proposal of cooperative farming in respect of small and medium farmers. Other State Governments might have also sent such proposals to the Government. The Government must consider these proposals seriously so that cooperative farming can be encouraged. Today, there is a serious problem of unemployment. There is a need to provide employment to the educated unemployed children of a farmer in the villages. Some sort of training should also be imparted to them. Agro-clinics should be set up and communication kiosks should be opened at panchayat levels so that educated unemployed youths can guide our farmers. Today, crores of rupees are being deposited by agriculture markets in the exchequer.

There are several such State Governments which are giving this money to the financial corporations and through them big industrialists are getting that money by manipulation and that money is never returned. A legislation should be enacted to check the misappropriation of this money. Today, there is a need to increase the agriculture production. Government should mount pressure on the FAO. The nutritious produce of the country should be added to the list of FAO so that their export is enhanced. As a result, the country will be benefited. The pulses production in the country has a specific importance. In the year 1951, the annual per capita availability of pulses was 70.6 kilograms which has now reduced to 36 kilograms. Oilseed production came down from a high of 256 lakh tonnes to less than 188 lakh tonnes in the year 2000. India has achieved a self-sufficiency of 97 per cent in the oilseeds production, which today is around 50 per cent or less, thus forcing us to buy massive quantities of edible oils from abroad. India’s imports of edible oils have primarily shot up because of the great neglect of the Indian oilseeds sector by the Government of India by allowing imports of edible oil at very low duties, much against the interest of the oilseeds farmer. Oil import should immediately be stopped and the oil seed farmers of the country should be given protection. There is a need to link aqua-culture with the cooperatives. This year we have exported to the tune of 1300 million US dollars. This is a big achievement in the aqua-culture field. Today, there is need to strengthen the ICAR. The Budgetary support given to ICAR is not sufficient. The budgetary support to ICAR should be increased from 1 per cent to 2 or 3 per cent so that ICAR can pursue further research. The environmental issue which is linked with agriculture has not been given due consideration. There is a need to form community grain banks. Five hundred crore rupees were given to FCI under Sampoorn Gramin Yojana to distribute free grain. But there is no account of this money. Is this the way to protect the farmers? If no change is brought about in the policy, the farmers will continue to commit suicides despite having godowns full of foodgrains. We have a large potential for sugarcane production. Today, vehicles are being run on Gassohole. The Gassohole prepared by sugarcane and maize will be utilised for the purpose. There is a possibility of setting up 30 sugar factories in the Tawa Command area of Madhya Pradesh. It is possible, if licences are issued to this effect. PROF. UMMAREDDY VENKATESWARLU: Agriculture today is steadily losing its charm. It is a paradoxical situation. The farmer toils for building up the food grain reserves of the country and the same farmer is suffering today. Their misery has grown along with the growth in foodgrain. Their problems have remained unsolved. Several negative factors have been disturbing the economics of the farmers right from the unpredictable monsoon trends, unproductive soils, substandard seeds, adulterated fertilizers, spurious pesticides, deteriorating public investment in agriculture, fury of the nature, inadequate institutional credit, mounting indebtedness, unremunerative market mechanism, onslaught of intermediaries, inadequate Government policies and above all the complicated WTO regulations which are not widely known to the farming community.

Government have not made any attempt to educate the farmer, who is the primary target of the WTO, on the implications of WTO. All these factors have collectively broken the backbone of the farmer while he is busy building the fortunes of the country with increased production of foodgrains. We will have to search our hearts and see whether we are really doing justice to the farmer who is toiling in the fields for the sake of the country. Farmers took care of the country in regard to food security, but successive Governments did not take care of the security of the farmer. The Members of Parliament from Andhra Pradesh have raised the issue in the Parliament. The decisions with regard to farmer should be timely, accurate and pro-farmers ones. They should not be pro-traders. The food Corporation of India this year has procured about 80 lakh tones of rice from Andhra Pradesh and about 7 lakh tones of paddy this year during this particular season. Now, for 80 lakh tonnes of rice, they have opened only 110 purchasing centers. I do not know how far these are going to meet the target to procure the entire quantiy in time when they could not procure the whole quantity last year? Andhra Pradesh is having godown space to the extent of 32 lakh tones. More than 17 lakh tones of para-boiled rice is lying in our godowns. We approached the Government so that this rice is lifted. But it is not being done so far. I only urge upon this Government to do this immediately so that godown space will fall vacant and fresh stocks can be stored. Timely action to procure foodgrains is very much necessary. We have got other very important crops where the farmers have been suffering. Cotton is there, for example. Now, around 25 lakh tones of cotton is being imported. As a result of indiscriminate imports, the domestic producer is suffering a lot. As against the MSP of Rs.1350, cotton farmers in Andhra Pradesh are getting about Rs.1100 only. There is a need to have a practical look by which the market will stabilize and a level playing field can be created between imported cotton and the cotton produced domestically. Andhra Pradesh, particularly Rayalsema district, is one such State where groundnut production is sizeable. Owing to the long spells of drought, per hectare yield has reduced to even fifty per cent of the normal production. I would request the FCI to relax the norms for procurement of groundnut. Public investment in agriculture is going down Plan-after-Plan. The flow of institutional credit to Indian agriculture is very meager. As against 18 per cent stipulated by the RBI, it is around 13 per cent. SHRI N.N. KRISHNADAS: The Government is not at all honest and sincere in solving the burning issues concerning the farming community of the country. Even as we are discussing and debating this matter, the situation is worsening. I come from Palghat of Kerala State. Palghat is known as the rice bowl of the State. While the prices of cash crops and other crops are coming down the prices of agricultural products are going up. The price of rubber has reduced up to Rs.28. The price of tyre is going up. The price of cotton is coming down. The cotton clothes prices are going up. What happened in Doha? The Government says that they done the maximum in Doha.

But I accuse that this Government has totally failed to protect the interests of agriculturists of our country. We totally failed to mobilize the support of third world countries. Within WTO agreement there is a provision to increase the import duty on certain agricultural products up to 300 per cent. But what happened? The import duty on palmolein oil has been reduced from 75 per cent to 65 per cent. What is the difficulty in increasing the import duty on palmolein oil to 200 per cent? Almost a year back, hon. Prime Minister, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee, declared a special package for Kerala. But till date not even a single step has been taken to implement even one of the proposals of the special package. Very recently, last monsoon, a natural calamity occurred in Kerala. The Government of Kerala has estimated the loss at Rs.500 crore approximately there. We have made a request to the Union Government in this regard. The Chief Minister, Shri A.K. Antony met the hon. Prime Minister and all the other concerned Ministers. Shri A.K. Antony was satisfied with all these meetings. But till this date not even a single paisa has been released to deal with this natural calamity. A holistic approach should be taken to deal with the farmer’s problems. The Government has declared the minimum support price for copra this year very late. The Union Government asked NAFED to procure six oil seeds, including copra. But the allocation made for this procurement was barely Rs. 161 crore. Still the outstanding dues against last year’s procurement of copra and other oil seeds stand at Rs.400 crore. I fail to understand as to why the Government declares procurement of copra and other oil seeds and does not release sufficient money for the same. I demand from the Union Government to raise the import duty on palm oil at least up to 200 per cent, ask the STC to procure rubber and give access for its export, declare in proper time the minimum support price for copra and start procuring copra in time. I know that the hon. Agriculture Minister has asked NAFED to procure copra. But nothing has happened in this regard. Four years back the real price per one coconut was Rs.6, but now it stands at Rs.1.5. How do you expect the farming community to survive in this country? We have been expressing our concern for the farming community of our country relentlessly, but the situation is going from bad to worse. I demand from the Union Government to implement the special package for Kerala and save the farming community of Kerala. KUNWAR AKHILESH SINGH: The farmers of the country have not only made it self reliant in the field of foodgrains but also made it exporter of foodgrains since independence. But the condition of the farmers has worsened during hese years. In various states of the country the farmers are committing suicide. The questions is why the farmers are resorting to commit suicide. The cost of production of agriculture items has increased which affects their production. The farmers are not getting the remunerative prices of the products. There is a big gap between cost and market price of products. Today the situation is that the farmers are not getting the cost of their produce. How much quantity the Government is procuring at the minimum support price which is fixed by the Government itself.

The Government has fixed the support price of rice Rs.530. In Uttar Pradesh and Bihar the rice is not being procured at minimum support price by any procurement centre. The middlemen and traders are procuring rice from the farmers at the rate of Rs.350 and Rs.375 per quintal. The farmers are selling rice at this rate because the Government procurement centres are not procuring rice at minimum support price. It is a fact that no Government can procure the entire production. How the farmers be protected from this problem. There is one option for this that cost of production of agriculture should be reduced and production should be increased. The farmers should be provided facilities to compete in international market. The European countries are continuously increasing subsidy for agriculture. We should also act in this direction. Our country and other developing countries are facing the restrictions imposed by the WTO. We have to provide more subsidy to the farmers to face this situation. In the recent past the Food Minister said that the Government is not going to procure rice from procurement agencies directly but it would try to pay the difference between support price and market price to the farmers. I have to say in this regard that in Bihar and in Eastern and Central U.P. the farmers have sold rice to middlemen and traders at the rate of Rs.3 and Rs.3.50 to meet their needs. The farmers of Uttar Pradesh have suffered a loss of Rs.15,000 crore. The target of procurement of rice fixed by the Government is to be achieved through the same middlemen. The farmers are not going to get any benefit. How the Government is going to made good of this loss of Rs.15,000 crore. The Eastern U.P. and Bihar are facing devastation due to floods. The Crop Insurance Scheme has not been implemented so far. The Eastern U.P. and Bihar have suffered loss of billions of rupees due to floods but the Government has not made a provision of a single rupee to meet the loss. The Government itself is admitting this point. In Eastern U.P. and in Bihar all sugar mills are lying closed. The Government had admitted that it does not have capital for making investment in agriculture sector but it is continuously investing in other sectors. Hon’ble Prime Minister had said in this very House that we should switch over to vegetable and fruits from traditional farming. Paddy and wheat are most viable crops for farmers. When you are not able to provide protection to these crops and support price to them, how you will be able to procure vegetables or fruits which start rotting within 24 to 72 hours. In such a situation, there will be no option left with farmers except begging. If you suggest any alternative it should be positive one so that farmers are given protection. In 1998, when Gorakhpur was affected by flood Prime Minister visited there. There he had said that a concrete action plan would be formulated and farmers and people of the area will get rid of flood forever. But three years have gone by and people of Eastern U.P. and Bihar are still suffering from flood. Today, the Government should seriously consider the anger prevailing among the farmers. In order to reduce cost, subsidy should be given directly to the farmers. This will give them more benefit and they will be able to produce more and compete in the international market. Farmers of Bihar, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh have

suffered loss and they should be compensated by the Union Government. DR. JASWANT SINGH YADAV : Hon. Prime Minister has done commendable work by providing credit card to farmers and introducing Crop Insurance Scheme. The crop of millet has suffered a lot in Rajasthan. The Government of India provided money to Rajasthan Government but it has not procured the crop of millet. It refused to procure the crop on the plea that the quality of millet was not good. We are talking about the interest of the farmers but farmers in Rajasthan itself have suffered a lot. The crop of cotton as well as onion has got ruined there. We all know that the Union Government can not reduce the cost but the State Government can do so. New technology and seeds of high quality should be introduced in the agriculture. Today it is necessary to protect the interest of farmer. Farmers do not get appropriate return. We all should try to improve the conditions of farmers. SHRI V.M. SUDHEERAN: I strongly feel that the Doha Summit has caused more problems and more difficulties to the farming community. So, WTO situation has to be discussed in depth and all aspects have to come to the House very strongly, otherwise we should not surrender ourselves to the interests of the foreign countries. We all agree that the backbone of the Indian society has been the farmers. We have been receiving reports through different parts of India including my own State Kerala, where farmers are committing suicides. Most of the agricultural commodities in our country, as a whole, and especially in Kerala, have been facing acute price fall. As a result of this, the farmers are under severe financial stress and are not in a position to repay the loans taken from banks and other financial institutions. It is highly protestable to note that even after the declaration of minimum price for natural rubber, the price is far below the notified minimum price. Though the Union Government had declared the support price for copra, NAFED has not entered the market for procurement of copra so far. The plantation sector in Kerala especially coffee, tea, arecanut, etc., faces serious crisis due to decline in the prices of these commodities. Paddy cultivation is also on the verge of extinction as the cultivation has become uneconomical. Apart from this, the intermittent natural calamities also made the life of farmers extremely miserable. May be on consideration of political advantage, the Central Government has shown extreme generosity to certain States whereas Kerala has been totally ignored. I place on record the strong protest of the people of Kerala against the indifferent attitude of the Union Government. Skin deep measures will not solve the unprecedented serious situation being faced by the farming community. There should be national policy and a farmer-friendly approach to face the situation and save the farmers. Mere lip service will not do anything. So, let us find out the resources from various quarters and set up a National Farmers’ Fund to help the farmers in their interest and for their existence. Steps may be urgently taken for the inclusion of natural rubber and coir as agricultural commodities under the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. Import of natural rubber to India should not be permitted. The tyre manufacturers may be asked to procure natural rubber ensuring declared Minimum Support Price to the growers. NAFED may be asked to procure Copra immediately. Steps may also be taken to ensure that the benefits of procurement

reaches the real growers. Steps may also be taken to restrict the import of palm oil and the import duty of palm oil should be increased. Now the tariff rate and the import duty of the palm oil has been reduced against the interest of the farmers of our country. The people are totally disappointed and frustrated and they are protesting tooth and nail against this decision. The bilateral agreement between India and Sri Lanka has adversely affected some of our agricultural products. Steps must be taken to increase the basic customs duty of edible oil. Substantial help may be provided for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the plantation sector. Financial assistance should be given for supporting paddy cultivation in this country. The floor price for coffee, pepper etc. should be declared and this should be procured by the system as has been devised by NAFED. The Government has withdrawn subsidy on diesel, fertilizer, pesticides and on other agricultural inputs. As a result of this, the price of diesel has increased from rupees five per litre to Rs.17 per litre. Similarly, the prices of LPG, fertilizer and other agricultural inputs have risen sharply. The wrong policies of the Government are responsible for the suicides of farmers. That is against the interest of our country. I would request the Government to come forward with some drastic and concrete measures to save the farmers. SHRI RAGHUNATH JHA: Last year the plight of farmers was discussed in the House but of no use. Last year FCI had cheated the farmers of Bihar. Today the farmers and labourers are in very miserable condition in the country. Hon’ble Minister has made a statement that Paddy will not be procured in Bihar, only rice will be procured. You yourself know that there is no rice mill in Bihar then wherefrom you will procure rice. When Bihar was being divided, we demanded for a special package. At that time the hon’ble Minister of Home Affairs had very generously announced that they were well acquainted with the situation in Bihar. We suffer losses every year from the floods in rivers originating from Nepal. Every year land erosion takes place from Farakka to Pahalgaon by Ganges river. The Union Government have not done anything to help them. The Union Government have set up new sugar mills in other states but not even a single factory has been set up in Bihar. Our Jute industry is closed. Today sugarcane farmers are facing problem of sending their produce to sugar mills. When factories were set up in other states, why they were not set up in Bihar. We produce mango, Litchi, Makhana in our area. Arrangements should be made for cargo. In this situation the farmers need assistance of the Government. Why were the farmers not provided with credit cards? If this discrimination with farmers continues, we will have to reconsider about the continuance of our support to Government. Relief and assistance is provided to other areas if these become victim of national calamity but this is not done in the case of Bihar. DR. RAGHUVANSH PRASAD SINGH: The farmers of entire country are suffering and committing suicide. This situation prevails in every State of the country. Almost all the parties had demanded in this House for the constitution of a Standing Committee for solution of the problems of the farmers because their problems are related to 18

departments. The Government claims that the condition of the farmers has improved but if it so, why are they committing suicide? Who is putting hurdle on the way of constitution of the said Committee? The farmers in Bihar are doubly sufferers. They are being discriminated. In this situation, how the farmers of the country can become self-sufficient? When the present Government came to power, it announced to achieve the goal of hundred per cent increase in agricultural production during the next 10 years but the fact is that the production has decreased by 3 per cent. In India, 16 crore families have been covered by Public Distribution System. The Government fixed the price of wheat at Rs.9 per kg. for 10 crore families living above poverty line. But this wheat could not be sold. Moreover, after decreasing the price up to Rs.6,10 per kg, there is not taker of wheat. The price of wheat for BPL families was fixed at Rs.4.50 per kg, even then nobody is purchasing it. I would like to know as to how much money has been spent on the storage and maintenance of six crore tonnes of wheat. Perhaps, the Government would have incurred less expenditure on the distribution same quantity of wheat. On the one hand, the poor are starving for want of foodgrains and on the other hand, it is perishing. The Annapoorna Yojana launched by Government has failed totally. The Government is not even procuring the foodgrains. In Ninth Five Year Plan, the Government incurred an expenditure of Rs.5 thousand crore but the share of Bihar was only Rs.55 crore and the actual fund received by Bihar was merely 25 crore. Not a single penny was given to Bihar to meet the problem caused by floods and droughts. I would like to know why the milk from Patna is being transported to Delhi? Why it is not being sent to Calcutta? What vested interest has inspired the Government to do this? The Government should pay attention to all these points. SHRI PRAHLAD SINGH PATEL : The Government should seriously consider the problems, like storage of crop and its sale, being faced by the farmers today. During the last session, I had raised an issue regarding creation of a T.V. channel on agriculture. But, I do not understand if there is any effort being made in this direction. At present, the farmers do not get power or diesel. My area, Nasirpur is the largest fertile area in Asia, but the ground level of the water has gone down there. This Government deserve congratulation for increasing the minimum support price, but the farmers are getting a support price not more than Rs. 360 to Rs. 362 instead of declared support price of Rs. 522 to Rs. 540. The farmer has a large stock of grain lying at his disposal, but it is not selling in the market. Besides, interest at higher rate is also being recovered from him. As a result, the farmer is compelled to commit suicide. On the one hand, the farmer grows paddy, but on the other hand, rice mills and traders purchase the same paddy at lower rates and sell rice instead. Moreover, the traders keep good quality of paddy with them and they do not give due price to the farmers. Under the changed circumstances, we need to maintain some sort of communication channel with the farmers. If we are sincere about the welfare of the farmers, we should

create a T.V. channel on agriculture soon.

Research Outputs, Problems and Solutions: Poor market access is a major problem in poor rural economies. Farmer organisations (FOs) are potentially important means for addressing critical problems of market coordination and access and hence for stimulating supply chain development and economic growth and poverty reduction in poor rural areas. Experience with FOs is, however, very mixed as regards their sustainability and effectiveness. Examples of success in some areas and activities suggest that it may be possible for FOs to extend their scope, reach and effectiveness to include support for a wider range of crops and farmers in more difficult areas. However, this requires better understanding of the nature of the problems faced by FOs, and of necessary and sufficient conditions for their success, so that organisations working with FOs can identify opportunities for sustainable pro-poor development of FOs, implement best practice to support such development, develop appropriate institutional innovations and work for an enabling policy environment. Outputs from the project over the period 2003-2005 include: Identification and documentation of elements determining success and failure of FOs. Development and communication of organisational lessons for the creation and sustenance of FOs.Development and communication of policy lessons for the creation and sustenance of FOs. A database of Malawian organizations supporting farmer organizations, detailing their interests and resources FOs, NGOs, private sector and government agencies concerned with agricultural production and marketing and with rural welfare better informed about the potential, limitations, challenges, opportunities and best practice in the establishment and operation of FOs and in their relationships with them. Improved networking and coordination between Malawian NGOs, private sector and government agencies concerned with FOs, agricultural production and marketing and with rural welfare. Engagement with stakeholders and promotion of outputs has been achieved through in country stakeholder workshops, a newsletter, briefing papers published in Malawi and internationally, a database of Malawian and international resources for Farmer Organisations, and on ongoing engagement with stakeholders working in and with Farmer Organisations in the smallholder tea and cotton sectors in Malawi.

QUESTION.1. GOVERNMENT TAKE ANY STEP AGAINT THE HIGH COST LOAN INTEREST ?

A.AGREE 60% B.DISAGREE 30% c. neither agree nor disagree10%

Question.2. agriculture doctor provide knowledge about the new seeds to the farmer during time to time. A.AGREE 20% B.DISAGREE 70% c. neither agree nor disagree10%

QUESTION .3. government give any

explaination about the new policies to the farmer?

A.AGREE 50% B.DISAGREE 45% c. neither agree nor disagreeà05%

Question.4. government take step to maintain the cost of pesticides and fertilizer ? A.AGREE 20% B.DISAGREE à70% c. neither agree nor disagree10%

Question.5. suicides cases increases day by day due to loan access or other problems.

A.AGREE 60% B.DISAGREE 30% c. neither agree nor disagree10%

Question.6.goverment set up new plan to make economy better for farmer.

A.AGREE 70% B.DISAGREE 15% c. neither agree nor disagree15%

Question.7.government provide water facilities to the farmer is necessary trough electricity.

A.AGREE 85% B.DISAGREE 10% c. neither agree nor disagree05%

Question.8.when we see last year status , what do you think government are giving proper rate feedback to the farmer. A.AGREE 70% B.DISAGREE à20% c. neither agree nor disagree10%

Question.9.government should know about the capacity of the soil per year to increase the production of crop.

A.AGREE à90% B.DISAGREE à05% c. neither agree nor disagreeà05%

Question.10.you satisfy with the government current policies means they provide all plans to make better the condition of farmer. A.AGREE 60% B.DISAGREE à30% c. neither agree nor disagree10%

Question.11. if your crop destroyed by any case then government provide you any kind of insurance facilities .

A.AGREE à20% B.DISAGREE 75% c. neither agree nor disagreeà05%

Question.12. farmer think that high breed are using to increase the production of crop. A.AGREE 80% B.DISAGREE à05% c. neither agree nor disagree15%

Question.13. government are making new policies to reduce the investment of money on the crop.

A.AGREE 15% B.DISAGREE à75% c. neither agree nor disagree10%

Conclusion Under this project we have found various kind of

difficulties seen by farmer. We detected most problem occur for farmer through government. There are many plans started by government for farmer benefit but mostly plan fail because of misunderstanding b/w farmer and government. One main reason for failing the plan is uneducated farmer. The other reason of failing these plans that the government do not give any explanation about the new plan or policies to the farmer. If we want to success the policies then both the government and the farmer have good understanding b/w them.

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