Project Appraisal And Its Roles In Project Management
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Project Appraisal And Its Roles In Project Management as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 1,204
- Pages: 7
MAKERERE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS AND APPLIED ECONOMICS
PROJECT APPRAISAL AND ITS ROLE IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT
COURSE UNIT: SAS 3117 (PROJECT APPRAISAL) GROUP MEMBERS NAME SIGN MULIMA SIMON PETER ASHABE GRACE KATEETE KEVIN WALUNGAMA NUWAGIRA SHARON AKORI LAURAH
1.
REGISTRATION NO 07/U/671 07/U/16935/PS 07/U/8757/PS 07/U/14129/PS 07/U/6435/PS
INTRODUCTION
UNIDO defines a project as a proposal for an investment to create and develop certain facilities in order to increase the production of goods/services in a community during a certain period of time. Burns and Tolbet define the term projects as a discrete package of investments, policy measures, institutional and
other actions designed to achieve specific development objectives (Kumar, 2006). In fact a project can be defined as a problem scheduled for solution (Nantamu, 2007/08). Projects can either be successful or may fail, therefore before undertaking any project it is important to assess its likelihood of success. In Uganda and the world over, organizations, corporations and institutions commit large sums of resources into projects and assure their project success through the use of project appraisals and project management. Project appraisal is a generic term that refers to the process of assessing, in a structured way, the case for proceeding with a project or proposal. It often involves comparing various options, using economic appraisal or some other decision analysis technique (Wikipedia, 2009). Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives (Wikipedia, 2009). Project management is a carefully planned and organized effort to accomplish a specific (and usually) one-time objective (managementhelp.org). Appraisals help ensure that projects will be properly managed, by ensuring appropriate financial and monitoring systems are in place, that there are contingency plans to deal with risks and setting milestones against which progress can be judged(renewal.net overview). Project appraisal therefore cannot be overlooked and goes hand in hand with effective project management.
This paper seeks to address the questions below; 1. What is project appraisal? 2. What is the role of project appraisal in project management?
2.1. PROJECT APPRAISAL
2| Page
Project appraisal is the process of examining the various dimensions of a project be it Technical, financial, social, Environment etc and providing an assessment of the projects likelihood for success and its viability. It is the process of assessing and questioning proposals before resources are committed. It evaluates a project’s ability to meet its stated objectives and to provide long term Economic growth in the larger framework of local and National needs (renewal.net overview). The project appraisal process is an essential tool in regeneration and neighbourhood renewal. An effective project appraisal offers significant benefits to partnerships and, most importantly, to local communities. A good appraisal justifies spending money on a project. It is an important tool in decision making and lays the foundation for delivery and evaluation. Getting the design and operation of appraisal systems right is important. The proper consideration of each of the components of project appraisal is essential (renewal.net overview). These components are illustrated below;
Illustration of the project appraisa l process Consult & shortlist co
Context & connections Consultatio n Outputs & outcomes
Initial assessment Need, targeting & objectives
The project proposal
Options analysis, inputs & budget examinations Define problem & long list Value for money Risk & uncertainty
Develop options Implementati on The organization & delivering Scope and time
Project approval
3| Page
Compare & select project
•
Sustainabil ity Forward strategies Recommendati ons
• •
Project rejection
Identify the risk Estimate the scale of risk Evaluate the
There are two types of project appraisals; •
Economic appraisal; which consists of Cost-benefit analysis, Cost-effectiveness analysis and Scoring and weighting
•
Multi-criteria analysis(Wikipedia, 2009)
An example of where an economic appraisal is that written for the World Bank (Devarajan, 1995) which sites three areas critical for proper project appraisal. These are; (1). Counterfactual private sector supply response. Any type of cost-benefit analysis requires the project evaluator to specify the counterfactual: what would the world have looked like in the absence of the project? (2). Fiscal impact. Applying the private sector counterfactual would lead the Bank to undertake projects with a reasonable case for public intervention, such as basic infrastructure, primary education, and rural health. (3). Lending. Project-specific appraisal can at best assess only the rate of return and the acceptability of the project being appraised.
4| Page
1.1. ROLE OF PROJECT APPRAISAL IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT Roles of project appraisal; Project appraisal helps a partnership’s management to; •
Be consistent and objective in choosing projects
•
Make sure its programme benefits all sections of the community, including those from ethnic groups who have been left out in the past
•
Provide documentation to meet financial and audit requirements and to explain decisions to local people.
Appraisal justifies spending money on a project. Appraisal asks fundamental questions about whether funding is required and whether a project offers good value for money. It can give confidence that public money is being put to good use, and help identify other funding to support a project. Getting it right may help a partnership make its resources go further in meeting local need. Appraisal is an important decision making tool. Appraisal involves the comprehensive analysis of a wide range of data, judgements and assumptions, all of which need adequate evidence. This helps ensure that projects selected for funding: •
Will help a partnership achieve its objectives for its area
•
Are deliverable
•
Involve local people and take proper account of the needs of people from ethnic minorities and other minority groups
•
Are sustainable
•
Have sensible ways of managing risk.
Appraisal lays the foundations for delivery. Appraisal helps ensure that projects will be properly managed, by ensuring appropriate financial and monitoring systems are in place, that there are contingency plans to deal with risks and setting milestones against which progress can be judged.
5| Page
3.0. CONCLUSION The successful implementation of the project lies on the effectiveness of the project plan, management and appraisal. Project implementation is based on the anticipated goals and objectives of the project planning to be made. The project plan is the blue print of the project while the appraisal is the dry run. Effective planning gives proper direction in the implementation of the project and it further helps in adequate monitoring and evaluation. Before the implementation of plan, a project appraisal helps partnerships choose the best projects to help them achieve what they want for their neighborhood. Emphasis should be placed on the importance of developing an ‘appraisal culture’ which involves developing the right system for local circumstances and ensuring that everyone involved recognizes the value of project appraisal and has the knowledge and skills necessary to play their part in it.
6| Page
4.0. REFERENCES •
The World Bank policy research working paper No.1496 (Shantayanan Devarajan, 1995) http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=636145 Accessed on 15th September 2009
•
Project appraisal (http://www.renewal.net/overview )
•
Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia, Project appraisal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/project_appraisal. Accessed on 15th September 2009
•
Project design and Management (Simon Nantamu, 2007/08)
•
Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia, project management http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/project_management. Accessed on 15th September 2009
•
Project appraisal & Management (Prof. Dileep Kumar M., 2006)
•
Management help, project management http://managementhelp.org. Accessed on 15th September 2009
7| Page
PROJECT APPRAISAL AND ITS ROLE IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT
COURSE UNIT: SAS 3117 (PROJECT APPRAISAL) GROUP MEMBERS NAME SIGN MULIMA SIMON PETER ASHABE GRACE KATEETE KEVIN WALUNGAMA NUWAGIRA SHARON AKORI LAURAH
1.
REGISTRATION NO 07/U/671 07/U/16935/PS 07/U/8757/PS 07/U/14129/PS 07/U/6435/PS
INTRODUCTION
UNIDO defines a project as a proposal for an investment to create and develop certain facilities in order to increase the production of goods/services in a community during a certain period of time. Burns and Tolbet define the term projects as a discrete package of investments, policy measures, institutional and
other actions designed to achieve specific development objectives (Kumar, 2006). In fact a project can be defined as a problem scheduled for solution (Nantamu, 2007/08). Projects can either be successful or may fail, therefore before undertaking any project it is important to assess its likelihood of success. In Uganda and the world over, organizations, corporations and institutions commit large sums of resources into projects and assure their project success through the use of project appraisals and project management. Project appraisal is a generic term that refers to the process of assessing, in a structured way, the case for proceeding with a project or proposal. It often involves comparing various options, using economic appraisal or some other decision analysis technique (Wikipedia, 2009). Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives (Wikipedia, 2009). Project management is a carefully planned and organized effort to accomplish a specific (and usually) one-time objective (managementhelp.org). Appraisals help ensure that projects will be properly managed, by ensuring appropriate financial and monitoring systems are in place, that there are contingency plans to deal with risks and setting milestones against which progress can be judged(renewal.net overview). Project appraisal therefore cannot be overlooked and goes hand in hand with effective project management.
This paper seeks to address the questions below; 1. What is project appraisal? 2. What is the role of project appraisal in project management?
2.1. PROJECT APPRAISAL
2| Page
Project appraisal is the process of examining the various dimensions of a project be it Technical, financial, social, Environment etc and providing an assessment of the projects likelihood for success and its viability. It is the process of assessing and questioning proposals before resources are committed. It evaluates a project’s ability to meet its stated objectives and to provide long term Economic growth in the larger framework of local and National needs (renewal.net overview). The project appraisal process is an essential tool in regeneration and neighbourhood renewal. An effective project appraisal offers significant benefits to partnerships and, most importantly, to local communities. A good appraisal justifies spending money on a project. It is an important tool in decision making and lays the foundation for delivery and evaluation. Getting the design and operation of appraisal systems right is important. The proper consideration of each of the components of project appraisal is essential (renewal.net overview). These components are illustrated below;
Illustration of the project appraisa l process Consult & shortlist co
Context & connections Consultatio n Outputs & outcomes
Initial assessment Need, targeting & objectives
The project proposal
Options analysis, inputs & budget examinations Define problem & long list Value for money Risk & uncertainty
Develop options Implementati on The organization & delivering Scope and time
Project approval
3| Page
Compare & select project
•
Sustainabil ity Forward strategies Recommendati ons
• •
Project rejection
Identify the risk Estimate the scale of risk Evaluate the
There are two types of project appraisals; •
Economic appraisal; which consists of Cost-benefit analysis, Cost-effectiveness analysis and Scoring and weighting
•
Multi-criteria analysis(Wikipedia, 2009)
An example of where an economic appraisal is that written for the World Bank (Devarajan, 1995) which sites three areas critical for proper project appraisal. These are; (1). Counterfactual private sector supply response. Any type of cost-benefit analysis requires the project evaluator to specify the counterfactual: what would the world have looked like in the absence of the project? (2). Fiscal impact. Applying the private sector counterfactual would lead the Bank to undertake projects with a reasonable case for public intervention, such as basic infrastructure, primary education, and rural health. (3). Lending. Project-specific appraisal can at best assess only the rate of return and the acceptability of the project being appraised.
4| Page
1.1. ROLE OF PROJECT APPRAISAL IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT Roles of project appraisal; Project appraisal helps a partnership’s management to; •
Be consistent and objective in choosing projects
•
Make sure its programme benefits all sections of the community, including those from ethnic groups who have been left out in the past
•
Provide documentation to meet financial and audit requirements and to explain decisions to local people.
Appraisal justifies spending money on a project. Appraisal asks fundamental questions about whether funding is required and whether a project offers good value for money. It can give confidence that public money is being put to good use, and help identify other funding to support a project. Getting it right may help a partnership make its resources go further in meeting local need. Appraisal is an important decision making tool. Appraisal involves the comprehensive analysis of a wide range of data, judgements and assumptions, all of which need adequate evidence. This helps ensure that projects selected for funding: •
Will help a partnership achieve its objectives for its area
•
Are deliverable
•
Involve local people and take proper account of the needs of people from ethnic minorities and other minority groups
•
Are sustainable
•
Have sensible ways of managing risk.
Appraisal lays the foundations for delivery. Appraisal helps ensure that projects will be properly managed, by ensuring appropriate financial and monitoring systems are in place, that there are contingency plans to deal with risks and setting milestones against which progress can be judged.
5| Page
3.0. CONCLUSION The successful implementation of the project lies on the effectiveness of the project plan, management and appraisal. Project implementation is based on the anticipated goals and objectives of the project planning to be made. The project plan is the blue print of the project while the appraisal is the dry run. Effective planning gives proper direction in the implementation of the project and it further helps in adequate monitoring and evaluation. Before the implementation of plan, a project appraisal helps partnerships choose the best projects to help them achieve what they want for their neighborhood. Emphasis should be placed on the importance of developing an ‘appraisal culture’ which involves developing the right system for local circumstances and ensuring that everyone involved recognizes the value of project appraisal and has the knowledge and skills necessary to play their part in it.
6| Page
4.0. REFERENCES •
The World Bank policy research working paper No.1496 (Shantayanan Devarajan, 1995) http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=636145 Accessed on 15th September 2009
•
Project appraisal (http://www.renewal.net/overview )
•
Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia, Project appraisal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/project_appraisal. Accessed on 15th September 2009
•
Project design and Management (Simon Nantamu, 2007/08)
•
Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia, project management http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/project_management. Accessed on 15th September 2009
•
Project appraisal & Management (Prof. Dileep Kumar M., 2006)
•
Management help, project management http://managementhelp.org. Accessed on 15th September 2009
7| Page
Related Documents
Project Appraisal And Its Role In---note.docx
July 2020 3
Project Management & Appraisal
June 2020 14
The Project And Its Management
November 2019 14
Project Appraisal
April 2020 35