Profiling Of A Country - Usa

SIMS – PGDM Indore

PROFILING OF A COUNTRYTHE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Presented by: Garima Bhatia Kapil Chawla Lal Bihari Pandey Rajiv Ranjan Shweta Vijavargiya THE UNITED STATESBatch OF 1 2008-10, I-Trimester AMERICA

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Motto:

Capital Largest city National language

In God We Trust (official) E Pluribus Unum (Latin; traditional) (Out of Many, One) Washington, D.C New York City English THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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INTRODUCTION • The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. • The country is situated mostly in central North America. • At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with about 305 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by land area and by population. • The country grew out of the British colonies that were established in North America in the first half of the 17th century. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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Cont.. • Iron and steel, food and kindred products, chemicals, metal products, electronic equipment, machinery, transportation equipment, paper, petroleum products, fertilisers, plastics are the main industries. • Machinery, chemicals, motor vehicles, air craft military equipment, grains, cereals are the exporting categories. • The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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GEOGRAPHY

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GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION • The United States is one of the states of North America situated almost entirely in the Western Hemisphere. • The United States stretches from the Pacific Ocean on the west to the Atlantic Ocean on the east, with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. • The United States is the world's third largest nation in area after Russia and Canada. • The Mississippi–Missouri River, the world's fourth longest river system, runs mainly north–south through the heart of the country. • Active volcanoes are common throughout Alaska's Alexander and Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands. THE UNITED STATES OF 6 AMERICA

GEOGRAPHICAL FIGURES • Area • Water • Population • Density

: 9,826,630 sq. km. : 3,794,066 sq. mi. : 6.76 % : 305,999,000 : 31 per sq. km. : 80 per sq. mi.

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POLITICAL MAP OF USA

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POLITICAL DESCRIPTION • The United States is a federal union of fifty states. • Most of the states have been carved from territory obtained through war or purchase by the U.S. government. • The United States also possesses five major overseas territories: Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands in the Caribbean; and American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific. • The states do not have the right to secede from the union. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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CULTURE & EDUCATION

• The United States is an enormous exporter of entertainment, especially television, movies and music. • American public education is operated by state and local governments, regulated by the United State Department of Education. • The United States has many competitive private and public institutions of higher education, as well as local community colleges with open admission policies. • The United Nations assigns the United States an Education Index of 0.97, tying it for 12th in the world. • The basic literacy rate is approximately 99%. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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EDUCATION LEVEL 9.6% earned graduate degrees 27.2% earned bachelor's degree 52.6% attended some college 84.6% graduated from high school

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HISTORY OF UNITED STATES OF AMERICA • The indigenous peoples of the United States mainland, including Alaska natives, migrated from Asia. • They began arriving at least 12,000 and as many as 40,000 years ago, such as the pre Columbian Mississippian culture, developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level. • In 1492, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus under the contract to the Spanish crown, reached several Caribbean island, making first contact with the indigenous people. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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Cont.. • On April 2, 1513 Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de Leon landed on what he called "La Florida"—the first documented European arrival on what would become the U.S. mainland. • In 1674, the Dutch ceded their American territory to England; the province of New Netherlands was renamed New York. • Many new immigrants, especially to the South, were indentured servants—some two-thirds of all Virginia immigrants between 1630 and 1680.

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Cont.. • With the 1732 colonization of Georgia, the thirteen British colonies that would become the United States of America were established. • The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled interest in both religion and religious liberty. • The Progressive Era marked a time of economic growth for the United States, advancing to the Roaring Twenties. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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Cont.. • However, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 led to the Great Depression, a time of economic downturn and mass unemployment. Consequently, the U.S. government established the New Deal, a series of reform programs that intended to assist those affected by the Depression. • In 1941 USA entered into 2nd world war, the economy quickly recovered, so much that the U.S. became a world superpower by the dawn of the Cold War. • During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union were the world's two superpowers, but with the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, United States became the world's only superpower. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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Government and Elections The federal government is composed of four branches: • • • •

Executive Legislative Judicial Elections

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Cont… • EXECUTIVE

• President - Nationally elected by a college of representatives who are elected directly from each state. • Cabinet - Appointed by the President, confirmed by the Senate.

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• Legislative

• House of Representatives - 435 Congressmen elected by plurality vote. • Senate - 100 Senators (each State given 2 seats) elected by plurality vote

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• Judicial

• Supreme Court - 9 justices appointed by the President, confirmed by the Senate. Life term. May be impeached by Congress. • All other Federal Judges are appointed and removed through the same processes. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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• Election

Fixed elections held every second year in November. Every 2 years for House Reps, 4 years for Presidents, and 6 years for Senators staggered so that one third of the seats are up for election every 2 years. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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INDUSTRIALIZATION

• The Industrial Revolution began in United States in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. • Most of the new workers were immigrants and between 1845 and 1855, some 300,000 European immigrants arrived annually. • The slave-labor system was abolished, making the large southern cotton plantations much less profitable. • Industrialists came to dominate many aspects of the nation's life, including social and political affairs. 21 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

ECONOMY OF THE UNITED STATES

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ECONOMY OF THE UNITED STATES Currency

United States Dollar (USD)

Fiscal year

1 October - 30 September

Trade Organization

NAFTA,WTO

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STATISTICS GDP(PPP)

$13.81 trillion (2007)

GDP growth

0.7% (2008)

GDP per capita

$45,850 (2007)

GDP by sector agriculture (0.9%), industry (20.6%), services (78.5%) THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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STATISTICS Inflation

3.7% (Oct 2007 to Oct 2008)

Population below poverty line Labor force

12.5% (2007)

Unemployment

6.5% (October 2008)

Main industries

Petroleum, Steel, chemicals, Telecomm, consumer goods, Mining

154.5 million (includes unemployed) (May 2008)

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STATISTICS Labor force by occupation

Managerial and professional 35.5% Technical, sales and administrative support - 24.8% Services - 16.5% Manufacturing, mining, transportation, and crafts - 24% Farming, forestry, and fishing 0.6% (excludes unemployed) (2007) THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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PUBLIC FINANCES Public debt

$10.53 trillion (October 2008) 73% of GDP

Revenues

$2.523 trillion (2008)

Expenses

$3.150 trillion (2008)

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US ECONOMY • The economy of the United States is the largest national economy in the world. • Its GDP was estimated as $13.8 trillion in 2007. • GDP per capita is $46,000 in 2007, ranked at around number ten in the world. • A low unemployment rate, and high levels of research and capital investment THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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HOW THE US ECONOMY WORKS • The United States is often described as a "capitalist" economy. • Entrepreneurs and managers bring together natural resources. • American economy is described as a "mixed" economy.

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BASIC INGREDIENTS OF THE U.S. ECONOMY First Ingredient - Natural Resources It includes: • Mineral resources • Fertile farm soil • Moderate climate Second Ingredient - Labor

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MONETARY POLICY • A relatively independent central bank, known as the Federal Reserve, was formed in 1913. • It provides a stable currency and monetary policy. • The federal government use both monetary policy fiscal policy. • The U.S. dollar has been regarded as one of the most stable currencies in the world. • The dollar used gold standard and/or silver standard from 1785 until 1975, when it became a fiat currency. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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INTERNATIONAL TRADE External debt: Liabilities to foreigners • Gross U.S. liabilities to foreigners are $16.3 trillion as of the end of 2006, or over 100% of GDP. • The U.S. Net International Investment Position (NIIP) deteriorated to a negative $2.5 trillion at the end of 2006, or about minus 19% of GDP. • This figure rises as long as the US maintains an imbalance in trade, specifically, when the value of imports substantially outweighs the value of exports. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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TRADE AGREEMENTS • U.S. is a member of several international trade organizations. • The purpose of joining these organizations is to come to agreement with other nations on trade issues, although there is some disagreement among U.S. citizens as to whether or not the U.S. government should be making these trade agreements in the first place.

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TRADE AGREEMENTS • • • • • • • • • • •

Here is a list of free trade agreements in force of which the United States is part: US-Israel Free Trade Agreement (1985) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (1994) US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (2001) Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (2004) United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement (2004) US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (2004) United States-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement (2006) United States-Morocco Free Trade Agreement (2006) US-Oman Free Trade Agreement (2006) United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (2007) Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) (2008) THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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IMPORTS AND EXPORTS

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CONCLUSION • We can conclude that the economy of the United States is the largest national economy in the world. • But, after 2007 the GDP growth rate has been declining and in July, 2008 it became negative as the world was facing economic recession. • US is in the midst of the greatest recession. The economy has not yet hit bottom and are expecting not just the longest, but the most painful recession in modern history. • Enormous inflow of capital from China is one of the root causes of the financial crisis engulfing the US as of September 2008. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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