Profile Of The Orissa

PROFILE OF THE ORISSA Geography

Orissa extends from 17o 49'N to 22o 34'N latitude and from 81o 29'E to 87o 29'E longitude on the eastern coast of India. It has an area about 155,707 Sq Km. It is bounded by West Bengal in the north-east, Bihar in the north, Madhya Pradesh in the west, Andhra Pradesh in the south and the Bay of Bengal in the east. Orissa was separated from Bihar and came into existence on 1 April 1936. The capital was established at the historic city of Cuttack, located at the apex of the Mahanadi delta. In 1956, it shifted to Bhubaneswar, a planned modern town of the post-independence period. Physiographically, Orissa can be divided into three broad regions 1) The Coastal plains, (2) The Middle mountainous country (3) The Plateaus and rolling up lands. History: Orissa was originally inhabited by the aboriginal tribes, the Buiyas and Gonds. They confined themselves to the forest and hills when the Dravidian race settled here. Orissa was known as Kalinga in the early period. Kalinga is related with the greatest Mauryan empire ruler Ashoka, who, on seeing the horrors of war in his battle with the Kalingan army abandoned warfare and, embraced Buddhism. In the second century AD, Kharavela established a strong rule . The Guptas dominated over this region in about the 4th century AD. Till the 10th century Orissa witnessed the rule of the Bhaumakara dynasty, followed by the Soma dynasty. From the 11th to 12th century, The Gangas became prominent. The Muslims Sultanate their influence on Orissa during the 13th and 14th centuries. This continued till 1568. This was followed by the rule of the Mughals which lasted till the death of Aurangzeb. After his death the Mughal power which declined bringing in the influence of the Nawab off Bengal who ruled it till he ceded this territory over Orissa began in about 1803 AD when the Marathas were suppressed by the diplomatic treaty's of the East India Company. It was only in 1949 that the state of Orissa attained its present status. The state of Orissa has an area of 155,707 sq. km. and a population of 36.80 million. There are 30 districts, 314 blocks and 51349 villages. The State has population density of 236 per sq. km. (as against the national average of 312). The decadal growth rate of the state is 16.25% (against 21.54% for the country) and the population of the state is growing at a slower rate than the national rate. HEALTH INDICATORS OF ORISSA The Total Fertility Rate of the State is 2.4. The Infant Mortality Rate is 71 and Maternal Mortality Ratio is 303 (SRS 2004 - 2006) which are higher than the National average. The Sex Ratio in the State is 972 (as compared to 933 for the country). Comparative figures of major health and demographic indicators are as follows: Table I: Demographic, Socio-economic and Health profile of Orissa State as compared to India figures

S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Item

Orissa

Total population (Census 2001) (in36.80 million) Decadal Growth (Census 2001) (%) 16.25 Crude Birth Rate (SRS 2007) 21.5 Crude Death Rate (SRS 2007) 9.2 Total Fertility Rate (SRS 2007) 2.4 Infant Mortality Rate (SRS 2007) 71

India 1028.61 21.54 23.1 7.4 2.7 55

7 8 9 10 11 12

Maternal Mortality Ratio (SRS 2004 -303 2006) Sex Ratio (Census 2001) 972 Population below Poverty line (%) 47.15 Schedule Caste population (in million) 6.08 Schedule Tribe population (in million) 8.15 Female Literacy Rate (Census 2001)50.5 (%)

254 933 26.10 166.64 84.33 53.7

Table II: Health Infrastructure of Orissa

Particulars

Required In position Sub-centre 7283 6688 Primary Health Centre 1171 1279 Community Health Centre 292 231 Multipurpose worker (Female)/ANM at 7967 6768 Sub Centres & PHCs Health Worker (Male) MPW(M) at Sub 6688 3392 Centres Health Assistant (Female)/LHV at PHCs 1279 726 Health Assistant (Male) at PHCs 1279 168 Doctor at PHCs 1279 1353 Obstetricians & Gynaecologists at 231 CHCs Physicians at CHCs 231 Paediatricians at CHCs 231 Total specialists at CHCs 924 Radiographers 231 8 Pharmacist 1510 1984 Laboratory Technicians 1510 311 Nurse/Midwife 2896 637 (Source: RHS Bulletin, March 2008, M/O Health & F.W., GOI) The other Health Institution in the State are detailed as under:

Health Institution Medical College District Hospitals Referral Hospitals City Family Welfare Centre Rural Dispensaries Ayurvedic Hospitals

Number 4 32

8

shortfall 595 61 1199 3296 553 1111 223 1199 2259

Ayurvedic Dispensaries Unani Hospitals Unani Dispensaries Homeopathic Hospitals Homeopathic Dispensary

624 9 6 603

GenPuri being a coastal district of Orissa , is famous for its Historic antiquities ,Religious sanctuaries , Architectural Grandeur , Sea-scape beauty, moderate climate. It holds a wealth of attraction for the visitors. It boasts of a continuous history from the 3rd Century B.C. to the present day and its unique monuments like those of Lord Jagannath at Puri , the Sun God at Konark are the famous in the world. It has the Chilika lake , one of the largest brackish water lakes in India, that holds a picturesque Sea-Scape beauty. It offers an ideal resort for birds who migrate from different parts of the continent . By virtue of Geographical location , the climate of Puri is equable through out the year. Puri the abode of Vishnu as Jagannath which contributed the word " Juggernaut" to the English language, represents its integrated individuality as its cultural heritage , a unique blend of claims of time and eternity with a power answerable only to wisdom . Puri's compendious heritage has been representing that spark of immortality that the Oriyas and the Indians have own against the powers of negation , through a spirit of university , adaptability , and an astute mixture of the present which no other culture can aspire to explain as its self justification. The name of the Lord as Purusottama (perfection personified) or as Jagannath (Lord of Universe) represents a universality in true with the familiar faternity of mankind (Vasudheiva Kutumbakam). Adi Shankaracharya visited Puri , set up the Gobardhan matha (monastery) as the exception from his other three mathas as a vaishnavite, defined Jagannath as the Supreme one. It is thus not only one of the four Dhams (Holy Places) for Hindus but the most pious and sacred place. Various sectarian head visited Puri on piligrimage , setup his own monastery for continued serve to Lord Jagannath and returned . Spiritually mollified - The list includes Kabir and the "Torani' of Kabirchaura nayak the founder of Shikhism , visited Puri and gained entrance into the temple by performing a miraculous feat of showing the trinity reflected on his palms . He setup the bauli and Mangi mathas which still attract the Shikhs from the worldover . Sankar Deva of Assam had followed the same path . Other religious heads and dignifiers like Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Rai Ramananda , Jayadeva, Gorakhanath, the father of Nath, cult of religious icoloclasm supposed by visited Puri. Saint Totapuri a vedant teacher of Ramakrishna has also visited puri. Bhakti Krishnatirtha and Muquaddam Jahanies visited Puri . The latters synthesized "Pir" concept at konark bears testimony . Sridhar Swami , SadhuSundar Das and the devote ma visited Puri for fulfilment of their spiritual Craze. The Quintessential characteristic of its culture and philosophy has made it from Pan-Indian to Pan-Continental. The Car-Festicval of Shri Lord Jagannath now not limited to Puri or Orissa rather it is celebrated in global scale , the reverberation echos of which are heard from Los Angeles to Piccadily from Heidelberg to Tokyo.

The Jagannath culture is not only pre-dominated in Puri but it is global. Its Universal affirmation is secular defusion of such an attitude is futuristic. It calls for unity in diversity is an age of diverse perversity. The consecration of all the empire by Gajapati of Puri .Kapilendra Deva to Lord Jagannath , the lord emerging as "istadeva " and "Rastradevata" and rolled down the centuries as the crest of nationalism which found

Madhusudan Das (the eminent barister of British era )in 1928 to cryout 'serve us, Lord Jagannath'. The dazzle of Kohi-noor, originally gifted to Lord Jagannath , the Hum of devotional "Janana"(non-bhajan), the cries of Chandan Hajuri (the chief warier of Maharani Laxmibai) and 'the Mahaprasad brotherhood' have been unifying forces and symbols of national unity . The evolution of Odissi Dance and music out of the Devadasi-institution still enchants all with its mystic rhythm. The Orissan school of architecture emerging from here is a poetry frozen in stone. The Patta-paintings and applique work are a craze in the west , particularly in U.S.A. of today . The Shell-craft of Puri have a major appeal. It is thus here at puri that the pattern of a Pan-Indian ,(nay, global) culture of tomorrow is on the anvil . People are individual atoms ever contributing their properties to the "matter" of Jagannath Dharma without conciousness of mutual distinctions . Puri belongs to humanity , the seat of an eternal education , the bridge that gulfs the past and the future and the blending of diverse impulses for a single embodiment in the march of all fulfilling time . Temples and sanctuaries , beaches and glorious lakes, colorful ,vibrant and the numerous festivals for every reason and for every season that can take on a"Jagannath-like momentum" . Puri has then all and much more for all. Excellently connected by air, rail, and road, Puri invites you to its hospitable environs and promises you an experience you will never forget .When others talk of taking you down memory lane. Puri will take you back to your ancient linkages. When others talk of romancing with the stones, her ancient architects and sculptors will show you what it really means , Visit Puri , rediscover the three R's i.e. Rest, Relax , Recall and write your travel diary better than your friend. She's been waiting for you for centuries.................

PRE-HISTORY Like many other parts of Orissa, in the Puri District, river gravels and slits may be included among the various Pleistocene formations. But no formation of this period has so far yielded any type of pre-historic stone tool though they are found in a large number from similar formations (river gravels, secondary laterite pits and murrams) in the districts of Dhenkanal, Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and Sundargarh. So whatever information we have regarding the pre-historic cultures of this districts are mainly derived from different types of stone tools collected from the surface.

ORIGIN OF THE NAME The District has been named after its head quartes town, Puri. According to Cunningham the ancient name of this town was Charitra mentioned by the Chinese piligrim Hiuen Tsang as Cheli-ta-lo. But the restoration of the word Che-li-ta-lo as Charitra and its identification with the town of Puri are open to doubt. The importance of the town as a seat of Vaisnavism increased when Chodaganga Deva constructed the temple of Purusottama Jagannath and installed the images of the deities. Thereafter, it became famous as the abode of Purusottama and was popularly called Purusottama Kshetra. In the drama Anargharaghava Natakam attributed to cir.9th century A.D. we find the name Purusottama applied to this town. In the Nagari Plate of Anangabhima III of the Saka year 1151-52 i.e., 1229-30 A.D., the place is called Purusottama Kshetra. This name in the form of Purusottama Chhatar or only in the form Chhatar was used by the Mughal , the Maratha as well as the early

British rulers in their official records . Even in Yoginitantra and Kalikapurana the city is reffered to as Purusottama. Puri region was also known as Utkal.

The name Purusottama Kshetra was also for sometimes known as Purusottama Puri and as the word Purusottama Kshetra was contracted into Kshetra or Chhatra so also Purusottama Puri was expressed in the contracted form Puri . Infact, in many early British records this town is known by the name Pooree. In modern times Puri has become the most popular of all the other names of this town.

HISTORY OF THE DISTRICT AS AN ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT Under Mughal Rule (1592-1751) ,Orissa for the purpose of revenue administration was divided into three circars , namely Jaleswar, Bhadrak and kataka each of which Under Mughal was subdivided into Bishis. Puri formed a part of kataka circar. After their occupation of Orissa in 1751 , the Marathas brought about some changes in the revenue divisions of the province . they divided Orissa , which then extended from the river Suvarnarekha in the North to the lake Chilika in the South , into five Chakalas viz. (I) Pipli , (II) Kataka (III)Soro , (IV) Balasore. The Chakala of Pipli comprised major portions of the modern district of Puri . The Chakalas were divided into parganas into Mahals or Taluqs. The conquest of Orissa by the British in 1803 set fourth great changes in revenue divisions and political relations . In June 1804, the province was divided into two divisions , namely the Northern and Southern Divisions , the river Mahanadi forming the boundary . Robert Ker and Charles Groeme were appointed as Judge , Magistrate and collector in Northern and Southern Divisions respectively . By 1805 both divisions were amalgamated and G.Webb succeeded Groene as collector and Robert Ker became the Judge and Magistrate of the whole province. As the Raja of Khurdha revolted the 1804, he was arrested and was placed in confinement in the Fort of Barabati at Cuttack. His teritory was confiscated and the Raja was subsequently released. In 1807 he was permitted to live at Balisahi in the town of Puri and functioned as superintendent of the temple of Jagannath. Puri was the capital of the province of Orissa and the headquarters of the collector ,till 1816. In 1806 there was a proposal to remove the head quarters to Jajpur , but it didn't get Government sanction . In August 1814, a part of the collectors establishment was removed to Cuttack , which was again brought back to Puri in December . By 1916 the Head quarter was permanently shifted to Cuttack which was Head quarter during Moghal and Marathas . By 1818 the office of the commissioner was established and Robert Ker became the first commissioner . From 1813 to 1819 there was a joint Magistrate at Puri with the jurisdiction over the Thana of Pipli , Gop , Hariharpur and Kiran . By 1819 this office was abolished and the joint magistrate of Khurdha was given the charge of the above thanas . On 11th February 1822, the office of the joint magistrate of Khurdha was abolished and Orissa was again divided into two divisions with the river Baitarani as the dividing line . Willkinson , the collector of Cuttack , was placed in charge of Cuttack and Khurdha and Ricketts with powers of a collector was given the charge of Balasore and Bhadrak . Finally on 23rd October 1828, the province was divided into three districts , namely Balaore , Cuttack and Jagannath, later known as Puri. Regulation IV of 1821 had provided that the power of a magistrate and collector might be vested in one and the same person and accordingly are magistrate and collector was appointed in each of the above three districts . H. Ricketts , R. Hunter and W. Willkinson were the first magistrate and collectors of Balasore , Cuttack and puri districts respectively. In 1912 the new province of Bihar and Orissa was formed and subsequently Orissa a become a separate province in 1936 . After intergration with Orissa an 1st January 1948 of the feudatry states of Nayagarh , Daspalla, Khandapara and Ranapur with a total area of 3941 1st km. a separate Sub-Division comprising these ex-states was adede to Puri District with headquarters at Nayagarh. The fourth Sub-Division of Bhubaneswar was carred at an 26th January 1959 . The old Puri District consisted of four Sub-Division i.e Puri Sadar, Khurdha, Bhubaneswar and Nayagarh , Puri Sadar Sub-Division consists of four Tahasils i.e 1) Krushna Prasad 2)Sadar 3) Pipili, 4) Nimapara .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

No. of Subdivision No. of Tehsils No of Blocks No of G .Ps No.of NACS No. of Municipality No. of Revenue Villages No of J.A.O Circles No. of V.A.W Circles No of P.A.C.S

11

Geographical Area in hects

12 a) b) c) 13 a) b) c) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 (a) (b) 27 (a) (b) 28

Cultivated Area in hects High land Medium land Low land Paddy Area in hects High land Medium land Low land Water logged Area inhects Saline area in hects Imigate Area in hects Forest Area in hects Misc trees groves in hects permanent pasturcs in hects Culturable waste in hects Land pat to non-Agri use in hects Baren & uncultrurable waste in hects No. of High Schools No. of Sanskrit Tol No. of English Medium School Total Population Male Female Rural Male Female Urban

1 11 11 230 3 1 1714 22 149 213 264988 Ha/ 3051 Sq. Km. 188745 45653 57654 85438 170658 27966 57254 85438 15192 19480 105106 18175 7524 11328 8226 17259 8866 173 10 3 1502682 763389 739293 1298654 657199 641455 204028

(a) (b) 29 (a) (b) 30 (a) (b) 31

Male Female SC Male Female ST Male Female No. of Police Stations

106190 97838 273917 138550 135367 4482 2355 2127 18

Geographical Situation of the District. Location – 19’28 N Latitude 26’35 N 84’29 E. Langititude 86’25 E Temperature –Min.13’9 C. – max.37’C 3. Major Crops a) Kharif b) Rabi 4.

: :

178668 hects. 151300 hects.

Total Live Stock Population a) Bufalos : b) Cows : c) Sheeps : d) Goats : e) Pigs :

21905 434321 85853 94797 1147

Name of Blocks

Name of Tahasils

Name of Municipality/NAC

Puri Sadar

Puri Sadar

Puri Municipality

Satyabadi

Satyabadi

Konark NAC

Brahmagiri

Brahmagiri

Nimapara NAC

Pipili

Pipili

Pipili NAC

Krushna Prasad

Krushna Prasad

Kakatpur

Kakatpur

Nimapara

Nimapara

Kanas

Kanas

Delang

Delang

Gop

Gop

Astarang

Astarang

The District of Puri covers 2 Parliamentary Constituencies 1. Part of 17-Puri(GEN) P/C Comprising 107 - Puri, 108- Brahmagiri, 109 - Satyabadi, 110-Pipili 2. Part of 16-Jagatsinghpur(SC) P/C comprising 105 - Kakatpur(SC) & 106 - Nimapara 17-Puri(GEN) P/C comprises of following Assembly segments : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

. . . . . . .

107 108 109 110 118 119 122

-

Puri Brahmagiri Satyabadii Pipili Chilika Ranpur Nayagarh

edical & public Health activities of Puri District. 1.Area of Puri District. 2.Population as per 1991 census 3.Total No.of Blocks 4.Total No.of Urban Areas 5.Total No.of G.P. 6.No.of Villages

3054 sq kms. 1305365 11 4 294 1714

No.of health Institutions (Blockwise)

Sl.No.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Name Block

No.of of No.of Community Hospital Health center

Astarang Brahmagiri Delang Gop Kakatpur Kanas Krushna Prasad Nimapara Pipli

Upgraded Primary Primary PHC Health Health (New) Center Center

Total

1 -

1 1

1 -

1 1 1 1 -

2 2 5 8 3 3

3 3 6 9 5 4

1

-

-

1

4

6

2 1

1

1 -

1

3 2

6 5

10 11

Puri sadar 5 Satyabadi 1

1 -

-

1

3 3

9 5

No.of Health Institutions of Puri District. 1.Total No.of Hospitals -11 2.Total No.of CHC 4 ( including Panidol CHC) 3.Total No.of Upgraded PHC - 2 4.Total No.of Primary Health centre -6 5 Total No.of PHC (New) -38 6 Total No.of Sub-Centres -232 7 Total No.of Post Partom Centre -2 8 Total No.of Leprocy Units -3 9 Total No.of Ayurvedic College -1 10 Total No.of Ayurvedic Dispensary -7 11 Total No.of Homoeopathic Dispensary -9 Number of Health Personnel in Puri District Gazetted 1 .No.of CDMO 1 2. Addl.CDMO 1 3. NO.Of ADMO 4. ( Public Health , Medical, Fund) Class -I Junior 1. M.O. CHC -5 2. Fileria Medical Officer 1 3. Specialist (Jr.Class -I ) - 11 ( One each in medicine, Sergery, O & G, Peadiatic, Ortho, Anesthetia, ENT,Patho.,Radiologist, Skin & VD.,Biochemist.) 4. -doJr. Class -II - 27 ( Medicine -3, Sergery -3 , O & G - 9 , Paedi - 9, Ortho. -2 , TB - 1) 5. Asst.Sergeon Class -II -101 6. Detal Sergeon -1 7. Other Class-II Gazetted - 6 ( MEIO -1 , Dy MEIO -2 , DPHN -1. Principal Tutor -1, Asst. Mal -1) No.of Non.Gazetted Health Personnel & Office Staff 1. Asst. matron - 2 2. Nursing Sister/ Sister -8 3.Staff Nurse - 81 4.PHN -4 5. Health Supervisor (Male) S.I. -36 6. Health Supervisor (Female) HV. - 45 7. Pharmasist -78 8. Paramedical Worker -39 9. Paramedical Asst. -1 10. Non Medical Supervisor -6 11. Jr.Laboratory Tech. -32 12. Laboratory Tech. -23

13. Malaria C.T. -13

14. Radio Grapher (Xerox Tech.) -6 15. Multi Purpose Worker (Male) -178 16. Multi Purpose Worker (Female) ANM -253 17.Health Asst. - 5 18. Opthalmic Asst. (Eye) -9 19. Dental Asst. -1 20. Multi Purpose Rehabition Asst. -1 21.Ear Mouth Tech. -1 22. Orthopaedic Techn. -1 23. Health Educator (Leprosy) -1 24.Supervigillance Inspector -2 25. Artist -cum-Photographer -1 26. Projectonist -1 27. Foreman / Mechanic etc. -3 28. Driver -34 29.Jr.Statistician / Statistical Investigator -2 30. Statistical Asst. -11 31. Vital Statistical Clerk -12 32. Food Inspector -1 33. Block Extension Educator (FW) -11 34. BHI -20 35. Superior Feild worker -2 36. Interior Field worker -5 37. Treatment Organisor (T.B.) 1 38. Health Visitor (T.B.) -2 Ministerial Staff ( Class -III) 1. Head Clerk -2 2. Sr.Clerk -18 3. Jr.Clerk -29 4. Stenographer - 1 -----------------------Total -50 Class-IV 1. Ward Attendant - 161 2. Lab.Attendant 1 3. Sweeper - 117 4. Peon 45 5. Cook - 27 6. Dhai - 33 7. Dhobi - 30 8. Sr.Helper - 24 9. Watchman 6 10. Others - 13 ---------------------------Total 457

Category wise Staff MALE FEMALE TOTAL A. Gazetted 142 15 157 B. Non.Gazetted (Class-III) 590 404 994 C. Class -IV 393 64 457 --------------------------------------Total 1125 483 1608 No.of Patients treated during 1999-2000 Out-door Patients Treated

New - 951582 Old - 115728 ---------------------Total - 1067310

In-door Patients Treated

New - 42980 Old - 122887 ---------------------Total -165867

In-door deaths 1066 Specialised treatement (during 2000-2001) Treatement

No.of beds

Patients treated OPD

T.B. Padiatric Maternity Dental Eye ENT

6

IPD

13777 14681 16278 7268 21696 16457 11065 5254 14463 805

30 56 10 20 7

Other Activities 1. Blood transfusion

a) Blood Bank -one b) Blood bottles collected - 1367 (Volunteers -49, Doners Exchanged -1318)

2. Ambulance Service

a) Vehicles on road -7 b) No.of Patients served -685 c) Ambulance fees realised -Rs. 233482/-

3.Post-Mortem

a) No.of Post Mortem Centres -2 b) No.of PM cases conducted -224 c) No.of Medicolegical cases attended - 1053

4. Anti Rabies Service (ARV) a) No. of Dog-bite cases atended b) No.of ARV vetilised

-2607 - 38856 ml

5. Pthological laboratary services No. of Patho.test done

a) stoll - 10,210 b) urine - 6, 030 c) Blood - 26,809

6. Other Services a) No. of b) No.of c) No. of d) No.of

ECG test done -184 casuality cases attended - 40,046 X-ray porformed - 6,707 Surgical operations performed major minor

Prevention of Food Adulteration a) No.of food samples collected & sent for analysis 54 b) No.of food samples found adulterated 17 c) No.of prosecution launched 17 d) No.of food licence issued & renewed 830 e) Amount of food licence fees collected Rs.11,085/MALARIA a) No.of Blood slides collected & examined b)Blood slides found malaria possitive

60368 525

FILARIA a) No.of Blood slides examined b) Positive for Micro Filariasis

210 8

LEPROSY a) No.of persons examined b)No.of Active cases on record c) No.of cases cured / died / left.

86455 331 485

TB a) No.of persons examined b) TB patients detected c)TB patients treated (Old + New)

13777 3041 13777

Vital Statistics (during 2000) a) Live- births Registered b) Deaths registered

24098 7550

- 3394 - 7555

c) Infants death registered d) Amount of fees/fines collected

640 Rs.16657/-