Presentation Prepared By Peerzada Parvez Nissar On Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution Presented by: Peerzada Parvez

What was the Industrial Revolution?  Period

of time when machines start to replace work that had been done by people.  Steam and electricity replace human and animal power.  Began in the 1800s.

How did it start?  Agricultural

Revolution

As food supply increases pop. Booms Increase demand for goods – Furniture, clothing etc…

 Increase

in land

Cultivate larger fields Experimentation= greater output – Ex. breeding

Traditional Farming Methods 1. MACHINES in the picture. 2.POWER SOURCES are in the picture. 3.SOCIAL CLASSES represented here.

The Agricultural Revolution What happens when farmer Bob plants the same crop in his field year after year?

Nothing Wheat

Wheat

Middle Ages Crop rotation

Problem – Only 2/3 of the land is used each year

3 field system Rotate Crops each year

Wheat Nothing

How about this? Instead of rotating the fields, we rotate what crops are grown in those fields.

Yum! Clover

Wheat

Year one = Corn, Year 2 =wheat, Year 3= potatoes or clover Clover– puts nutrients back in the soil, cows love it. Cows add manure

Corn

more cows = more meat = more protein = better diet = longer life = more people = exploding population

Inventions that help even more



Jethro Tull and his “seed drill” Plant in nice neat rows. Plants have more room to grow, more plants grow and survive which leads to more food

Notice the Difference?

1500’s – Domestic System  People

make items – particularly cloth, at home.

Entrepreneurs supply them with the wool and they spin it into thread and make it into cloth at home. Often called “Cottage Industry”  By

the 1700s – with more food leading to more people, there was a greater need for items such as cloth Cottage industry methods cant keep up Need a new idea

Crimey! A man can’t even get a pair o’ trousers anymore!

Necessity is the Mother of Invention  We

need more cloth, so someone is bound to step up and figure out a way to make it faster.  Why? To make money. “Greed is good”

Out with the old… 

Water power begins to be used to speed up the process. Powers machines that can work faster than human hands – “Spinning Jenny”

English Textile industry takes off. 

Problems - Need to set up near a water source. Cant do this at home. End of the Domestic System and beginning of the Factory System – still use today.

Water powers shafts, Shafts power belts, which power the machines

So, what do you think of the working conditions?

The Problem of Fuel

 1700s

England  Population rising.

People need fuel for heat, cooking etc. Traditional source of heat – wood  Cut

down trees for firewood.

More people = more trees cut down. Soon, no more trees. Need a solution

Tree Huggers Are Sad

More Fuel Problems  More

factories opening up.

Originally use water power.  Problems:

Only so much space on the rivers and streams. What do you do in the summer when the rivers get low? What do you do in the winter when the rivers freeze over?

Blimey!, There’s no room left!!

The Solution - Coal  Burns

longer and hotter than wood. England has plenty of it.

The Problem - Water 

Problem: Notice where the coal is? English coal mines keep flooding.



Solution: Get rid of the water.



How? Create a pump. Bonus -The pump can be powered by coal.

 James

Watt – creates a pump that works. Pumps water out of coal mines

 YEEEEAAAAHHHH!!!!

Now we can get the coal!!!

Importance of the Steam Engine  Invention

radically transformed the world from an agricultural society into an industrial one. Moved our modern world from a 90% rural basis to a 90% urban basis.

OK, next step – getting the coal to the houses that need it. •Coal is in the north. •Main city (London) is in the south. •How do you get coal from the point of production to the point of use? Copied from http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/brummettconcise/chapter98/medialib/thumbs/ch24_514.html

The First Solution 

First step – put it on boats. Canals dug throughout England



Coal shipped throughout Britain Powers and heats houses and factories

•Of course it has its problems –Barges are pulled by horses –Can only move as fast as a walking horse

Coal’s Effect on Industry  Now

look what happens: Coal is the new super fuel. Iron foundries use that coal to produce more iron. – Factories need more and more coal to keep up

Enter the “Rocket”

Need to get coal to foundries faster 

1829 George and Robert Stephenson use Watts steam engine and hook wheels up to it Creates a locomotive – “The Rocket.” – Steam engine powered by coal.

Rides along on iron rails – Now they can use trains to transport the coal to London even faster.

Long Term Effects We Will See 

British Empire Expanding Colonies in Africa, Middle East, India and Asia. British Navy – using Watts steam engine and Fulton's ideas  steam powered warships

Telegraphs enable British to send messages quickly around their empire. – Always know what is happening around their empire – Ships can travel throughout the empire more quickly.  BUT they need coaling stations every few hundred miles  Colonies develop from coaling stations

Some Fringe Benefits  Coal

gas used to light street lights

Cities not as dark anymore Factories can work longer – Make more stuff – No longer work from Sunrise to Sunset  Now we work according to the clock

– The whole cycle feeds off of itself

So, here is the question: 

Why did it start in Britain and not somewhere else in Europe? Why not France, or Germany or Austria or Italy or Russia?



British had many advantages – Stable Government – government Laissez Faire policies provide easy chance for industries to grow – growing population – plenty of resources – overseas colonies which will provide British with a market for goods (mercantilism)

THANK YOU